Hinge and hinge arrangement

Abstract

A five-, six- or seven-axis hinge (3) with a wall-side hinge housing (4) for concealed installation on a jamb surface (15) of a door opening in a wall (1), and with a leaf-side hinge housing (5) for concealed installation on a hinge surface (18) of a leaf (2) pivotally mounted on the wall (1). The wall-side hinge housing (4) and the leaf-side hinge housing (5) are pivotally held together between an open position and a closed position by a hinge bracket assembly comprising a wall-side main lever (6) and a leaf-side main lever (7) pivotally mounted with the wall-side main lever (6) on a common pivot axis (12).The wall-side main lever (6) is mounted so as to be rotatable only about a first pivot axis (10) relative to the wall-side hinge housing (4) at a first wall-side lever end (6a), and the sash-side main lever (7) is mounted so as to be rotatable only about a second pivot axis (11) relative to the sash-side hinge housing (5) at a first sash-side lever end (7a). The sash-side main lever (7) has a second wall-side lever end (7b) with which it is pivotably connected about a third pivot axis (13) to a first end (8a) of a wall-side auxiliary lever (8), the second end (8b) of which is pivotably connected to the wall-side hinge housing (4) at a fourth pivot axis (16). The wall-side main lever (6) has a second sash-side lever end (6b) which is connected to the sash-side hinge housing (5) by a positively guided fifth pivot axis (14).At least the first pivot axis (10), the third pivot axis (13), and the fourth pivot axis (16) are each designed as pivot bolts with a uniform diameter (d). According to the invention, the third pivot axis (13) and the fourth pivot axis (16) are offset by more than one diameter (d) relative to the first pivot axis (10) in the wall direction.

Description

The invention relates to a concealed hinge or arrangement comprising a wall with an opening, a wing for selectively closing the opening, and a hinge, wherein the hinge connects the wall and the wing and guides the selective movement of the wing relative to the wall. The opening in the wall is typically a door or window opening; accordingly, the sash is a door leaf or window sash. In this document, the term "wall" encompasses not only the walls of buildings but also the walls of cabinets. Therefore, the term "sash" can also refer to the flat part of a cabinet door, which serves to close an opening in a cabinet. In this context, the fact that the hinge is "concealed" means that the hinge is essentially not visible when the wing is closed, since those parts of it which are not already recessed into the wing or wall are either concealed by an end face of the wing facing the wall, or by a surface of the wall facing said end face of the wing. As intended, hinges of this type guide the opening movement of the sash relative to the wall in such a way as to combine rotational and translational relative movement, so that the sash can be opened up to 180° without colliding with any part of the wall. Five-, six-, or seven-axis hinges for concealed installation—such as those used in constructions according to the present inventions—are known to each have two main levers, one of which can be called the wall-side main lever and the other the sash-side main lever, each having a wall-side and a sash-side lever end. The wall-side main lever is mounted so that its wall-side lever end is rotatably mounted relative to the wall, and the sash-side main lever is mounted so that its sash-side lever end is rotatably mounted relative to the sash.The wing-side end of the wall-side main lever is rotatable relative to the wing and translationally either mounted so that it can be moved along a cam track or it is pivotally connected to one end of an auxiliary lever, the other end of which is only rotatable relative to the wing. Similarly, the wall-side end of the wing-side main lever is rotatable relative to the wall and translationally either mounted so that it can be moved along a cam track or it is pivotally connected to one end of an auxiliary lever, the other end of which is only rotatable relative to the wall. Additionally, the two main levers are also rotatably mounted relative to each other, with the axis of rotation lying in a longitudinal region between the two other pivot axes of the levers. If only cam guides are used for the translationally movable ends of the levers, it is called a five-axis hinge. If an additional lever is used for the translationally movable end of only one of the main levers, it is called a six-axis hinge. If an additional lever is used for the translationally movable end of both main levers, it is called a seven-axis hinge. Regardless of whether it is a five-, six- or seven-axis hinge, all associated pivot axes are always parallel to each other, and all said translational directions of movement lie in planes to which the pivot axes are normal. In general, concealed hinges have a wall-side hinge housing, which is rigidly attached in a recess in a surface of the wall perpendicular to the wall plane, and a sash-side hinge housing, which is rigidly attached in a recess in a surface of the sash perpendicular to the sash plane. The distance between said recess in the wall or sash and the nearest outer surface of the wall or sash that is parallel to the wall or sash plane is called the "overlap". The greater the overlap, the more robustly the hinge housings are held in the wall or sash, and the lower the risk of visual irregularities caused by the hinge housings appearing on the visible surfaces of the wall or sash. If a hinge allows for a large overlap, it also becomes very easy to add additional sheathing to the wall and / or sash. With a consistently slim hinge design, however, it becomes more difficult with increasing overlap to guide the sash's movement relative to the wall in such a way as to prevent collisions between the two without having to round off the outer edges on either the wall or door side, while still ensuring good structural robustness. For the purposes of this description, the following terms are defined with regard to location and direction: Especially with building doors – not furniture doors – a door opening in a wall is always enclosed by a jamb, i.e., a door frame permanently attached to the wall. In the following text, this enclosure will generally not be mentioned separately; instead, it is simply implied by the term "wall". The "wall opening side" of a structure is that side of the structure which, relative to the central area of ​​the structure, is shifted in the direction perpendicular to the wall plane in which the wing swings out of the wall during its opening movement. The side of the structure opposite the wall opening side is the "wall closing side". The "wing-opening side" of a structure is that side of the structure which, relative to the central area of ​​the structure, is shifted in the direction perpendicular to the wing plane in which the wing pivots during its opening movement. The side of the structure opposite the wing-opening side is the "wing-closing side". In the closed position, the "wall opening side" and the "sash opening side" are identical and can also be referenced as the "opening side". Similarly, the "wall closing side" and the "sash closing side" are identical and can also be referenced as the "closing side". The "hinge surface of the wing" is the end face of the wing that is normal to the plane of the wing and is provided with an opening for receiving the hinge housing on the wing side. The "reveal surface" is the boundary surface of the opening in the wall that lies perpendicular to the wall plane and is provided with an opening for receiving the wall-side hinge housing. The "wing direction" is the direction parallel to the plane of the wing which is normal to the hinge surface of the wing and points from the hinge surface of the wing into the wing. The "wall direction" is the direction parallel to the plane of the wall, which is normal to the reveal surface and points into the wall, i.e., away from the opening in the wall. The term "pivot axis" refers to an infinitely thin straight line, which is an axis around which one body is held so that it can pivot relative to another. The first objective underlying the invention is to provide a concealed six- or seven-axis hinge which, compared to the hinges described in WO 2022 / 020867 A1, is more robust and can withstand higher loads while offering comparable coverage and installation dimensions. The second objective underlying the invention is to reduce the tendency to unintentionally tilt downwards, which pivotable wings have when the hinges that hold the wall and wing together are five or six axes. The third objective underlying the invention is to design a hinge in which the height of the wing relative to the wall can be finely adjusted, in a simpler design and requiring less space compared to the design known from EP 3 124 727 A1. The solution to these problems and the subject matter of the invention is a hinge according to claim 1 and claim 15, as well as a hinge arrangement according to claim 30. Preferred embodiments are specified in the dependent subclaims. Subject to the aforementioned specifications, the first problem is solved in particular according to the following combination of features: A six- or seven-axis hinge (3) for concealed installation on the jamb surface (15) of a door opening in a wall (1) and on a hinge surface of a leaf (2) pivotally mounted on the wall (1), which has a wall-side main lever (6) and a leaf-side main lever (7), wherein, when the hinge (3) is installed as intended, the wall-side main lever (6) is mounted so that its wall-side lever end is rotatably mounted relative to the wall (1) about a pivot axis (10), and the leaf-side main lever (7) is mounted so that its leaf-side lever end is rotatably mounted relative to the leaf (2), wherein the leaf-side main lever (7) has a wall-side lever end.with which it is pivotably connected about a pivot axis (13) to one end of a wall-side auxiliary lever (8), the second end of which is pivotably connected to the wall (1) on a pivot axis (16), - wherein the wall-side main lever (6) has a wing-side lever end which is pivotably held about a pivot axis (11) which is guided translationally displaceable on the wing (2) normal to its orientation or is pivotably held by a further auxiliary lever, - wherein the wall-side main lever (6) and the wing-side main lever (7) are pivotably held together on a common pivot axis (12), - wherein the bearing about the pivot axis (11) of the wing-side main lever (7) is located on the wing (2) on the wing-opening side of the wing-side hinge housing (5),- wherein the bearing about the pivot axis (16) of the wall-side auxiliary lever (8) is located on the wall (1) on the wall-opening side of the wall-side hinge housing (4), - wherein the wall-side hinge housing is less deep than it is wide, - wherein, in the closed hinge position, the bearing about the pivot axis (13), on which the wall-side auxiliary lever (8) and the sash-side main lever (7) are pivotably connected to each other, is located on the wall-closing side of the wall-side hinge housing (4), and - the pivot axis (10), on which the wall-side main lever (6) is pivotable relative to the wall (1), is located on the sash side behind the end face of the sash (2) facing the reveal surface (15) in the area of ​​the sash-opening side of the sash-side hinge housing (5), and is closer to the wall (1) than the bearing about the pivot axis (11) of the sash-side main lever (7) on the sash (2), and - the pivot axis (10)where the wall-side main lever (6) is pivotable relative to the wall (1), is preferably located at the same height in the sash opening direction as the pivot axis (11) of the sash-side main lever (7) on the sash (2), and the pivot axes (13) and (16) of the auxiliary lever (8) are offset relative to the pivot axis (10) on which the wall-side main lever (6) is pivotable relative to the wall (1) by more than the diameter of one of the pivot bolts in the wall direction, wherein, when the hinge is open to 180°, the axis position of the wall-side lever end (13) of the sash-side main lever (7) is offset relative to the axis position of the pivot axis (10) of the wall-side main lever (6) on the wall (1) in the direction normal to the reveal surface (15) away from the wall (1) by more than the diameter of the pivot bolt of said pivot axis (10, 23). When the sash is closed, the pivot axis (10) on which the wall-side main lever (6) can pivot relative to the wall (1) may be offset against the direction of sash opening by no more than the diameter of an axle bolt relative to the pivot axis (11) of the sash-side main lever (7) on the sash (2). In other words, the first aspect of the invention comprises a six- or seven-axis hinge with a wall-side hinge housing (4), a sash-side hinge housing (5), and a hinge bracket arrangement connecting the wall-side hinge housing (4) to the sash-side hinge housing (5). The wall-side hinge housing (4) is designed for concealed installation on a jamb surface (15) of a door opening in a wall (1), and the sash-side hinge housing (5) is designed for concealed installation on the hinge surface of a sash (2) pivotally mounted on the wall (1). The hinge bracket assembly, by which the wall-side hinge housing (4) and the sash-side hinge housing (5) are pivotably held relative to each other, comprises a wall-side main lever (6) and a sash-side main lever (7) pivotally held with the wall-side main lever (6) on a common pivot axis (12). The wall-side main lever (6) is mounted so that a first wall-side lever end (6a) is rotatably mounted relative to the wall-side hinge housing (4) about a first pivot axis (10). The sash-side main lever (7) is mounted so that a first sash-side lever end (7a) is rotatably mounted relative to the sash-side hinge housing (5) about a second pivot axis (11). The main lever (7) on the wing side has a second lever end (7b) on the wall side, with which it is pivotably connected about a third pivot axis (12) to a first end (8a) of an auxiliary lever (8) on the wall side, the second end (8b) of which is pivotably connected on a fourth pivot axis (13) exclusively to the hinge housing (4) on the wall side. The main lever (6) on the wall side further comprises a second lever end (6b) on the wing side, which is connected to the hinge housing (5) on the wing side by means of a fifth pivot axis (14) guided thereon. At least the first pivot axis (10), the third pivot axis (12) and the fourth pivot axis (13) are each designed as pivot bolts with a uniform diameter (d). Based on this, the invention provides that the third pivot axis (12) and the fourth pivot axis (13) are offset by more than one diameter (d) relative to the first pivot axis (10) in the wall direction. The wall direction here refers to the direction which, when the wall-side hinge housing (4) is mounted on a wall (1), points towards this wall (1) – i.e., away from the sash-side hinge housing (5) in the closed position. In door hinge technology, this direction is also commonly referred to as the lateral direction or transverse direction. In other words, the first pivot axis (10) – with which the wall-side main lever (6) is pivotably attached to the wall-side hinge housing (4) – projects furthest towards the sash-side hinge housing (5) of all the hinge axes associated with the wall-side hinge housing (4) in the closed position.This design allows for a particularly compact construction while simultaneously offering a large swivel angle range. It is particularly preferred that the first pivot axis (10) projects beyond the reveal surface (15) and, if applicable, the hinge surface (18) on the sash side when installed. This allows the first hinge axis (10) – which remains concealed – to be located within the sash (2) in the closed position, rather than on or in the wall (1) as is usually the case. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fifth pivot axis (14) is positively guided on the wing-side hinge housing (5) by being held translationally displaceable in a manner normal (i.e., perpendicular) to its orientation. This translational displacement can be achieved, in particular, by a cam guide (9) – either straight or curved. This embodiment is also referred to as a six-axis hinge. In an alternative preferred embodiment of the invention, the fifth pivot axis (14) is positively guided on the wing-side hinge housing (5) by being pivotably held perpendicular to its orientation by a further auxiliary lever. This auxiliary lever is pivotally held on the wing-side hinge housing (5) by a further axis. This results in a total of seven-axis hinge construction. Preferably, the first pivot axis (10) is located further in the wall direction or lateral direction than the second pivot axis (11) in the closed position. In particular, the wall-side hinge housing (4) and the sash-side hinge housing (5) each have openings aligned with each other in the closed position, wherein the wall-side hinge housing (4) opens against the wall direction in the direction of the sash-side hinge housing (5) and the sash-side hinge housing (5) opens in the wall direction in the direction of the wall-side hinge housing (4). Particularly preferred is the first pivot axis (10) in the closed position opposite to the sash opening direction – which also corresponds to the wall opening direction or a pressure direction – offset by no more than one diameter relative to the second pivot axis (11). Particularly preferred are the first pivot axis (10) and the second pivot axis (11) located at the same height in the closed position in the sash opening direction or pressure direction. Preferably, the second pivot axis (11) is located on the sash-opening side of the sash-side hinge housing (5). In particular, the sash-side main lever (7) surrounding the second hinge axis rests tangentially against a minimal convex surface of the sash-side hinge housing (5) with a distance of less than 5 mm – especially in the case of a sash-side hinge housing (5) with a sheet metal surface of no more than one sheet thickness – and particularly without any distance at all. This allows for maximum displacement of the second pivot axis (11) in the sash-opening direction and thus the greatest possible mobility of the hinge assembly. Advantageously, the fourth pivot axis (13) is located on the wall-side closing side of the wall-side hinge housing (4) in the closed position. In particular, the auxiliary lever (8) and / or the main lever (7) surrounding the fourth pivot axis (13) rests against an inner surface of the wall-side hinge housing (4) or a minimal convex surface of the wall-side hinge housing (4) in the closed position. This ensures that the fourth pivot axis (13) is displaced to the maximum extent in the wall-side closing direction in the closed position, thereby maximizing the length of the additional pivot lever and thus the mobility of the fourth pivot axis (13). It is particularly preferred that the wall-side hinge housing (4) and the sash-side hinge housing (5) engage with each other in a complementary shape in the closed position. This allows the pivot axes to be selectively relocated to maximize mobility – in particular the first pivot axis (10) into the area of ​​the sash-side hinge housing (5). In particular, it is provided that the bearing of the first pivot axis (10) is mounted in a projecting projection of the wall-side hinge housing (4). For this purpose, the wall-side hinge housing (4) can, in particular, have a cuboid-shaped first base body and the projection projecting from the first base body. The first pivot axis (10) is most preferably arranged offset from both the first cuboid-shaped base body and the fourth pivot axis (13) contained therein, both in the pressure direction (wall / sash opening direction) and in the lateral direction (sash direction / opposite the wall direction). Preferably, the hinge housing (5) on the wing side also has a cuboid-shaped second base body. This can, in particular, have an associated recess (for receiving the projection or the first pivot axis). Most preferably, the first base body and the second base body are arranged offset from each other in the opening direction when in the closed position. Preferably, the fourth pivot axis (16) is located on the wall opening side of the wall-side hinge housing (4) or at least of the first base body. It is particularly preferred that, in an open position, especially a maximum position (i.e., a 180° open hinge position), the third pivot axis (12) of the second wall-side lever end (7b) of the sash-side main lever (7) is offset laterally, i.e., in a sash direction pointing away from the wall-side hinge housing (4), by more than the diameter (d). The position of the third pivot axis (12) thus changes from a region on the wall side of the first pivot axis (10) to a region on the sash side of the first pivot axis (10). Through the interaction of the auxiliary lever (8) and the sash-side main lever (7) connected to the auxiliary lever (8) via the third pivot axis (12), a wide reach of the first pivot axis (10) and thus a large operating radius of the hinge (3) can be ensured. Particularly preferred are the first pivot axis (10) and the third pivot axis (13) arranged overlapping with each other in the (especially maximum) opening position in the lateral direction – corresponding to the wing / wall direction. In other words, the distance in the pressure direction (opening direction / closing direction) is less than one diameter (d). Advantageously, the wall-side main lever (6) extends beyond the fifth pivot axis (14) at its second wing-side lever end with a support beam (17), which, in a maximum opening position, positively engages the first wing-side lever end of the wing-side main lever (7) and rests against it with its inner surface (17a). This contact of the support beam (17) provides additional stabilization of the hinge (3) in the maximum opening position. Particularly preferably, in the closed position, the support rail (17) rests with an outer surface (17b) opposite the inner surface (17a) against an associated inner surface (19a) of the hinge housing (5) on the wing side. Thus, a stabilizing stop and a stop defining the end position can also be provided in the closed position. The main lever (7) on the wing side is also particularly preferably located flat against another inner surface (19b) of the hinge housing (5) on the wing side in the closing position. Another aspect of the invention relates to a hinge arrangement with a wall (1) comprising an opening, with a wing (2) for selectively closing the opening and at least one hinge (3) pivotably connecting the wall to the wing, as described above. The wall-side hinge housing (4) is attached to the wall (1) and the wing-side hinge housing (5) is attached to the wing (2). It is particularly preferred that the first pivot axis (10) in the closed position – i.e., the closed hinge position – is located on the sash side behind the hinge surface of the sash (2) facing the reveal surface (15) in the area of ​​the sash opening side of the sash-side hinge housing (5). By relocating the first hinge axis into the volume of the sash (2), maximum mobility of the hinge (3) can be achieved with minimal installation space for the hinge (3). In this sense, the term "bearing" refers to the combination of a bearing bolt and the part that radially encompasses it and can pivot around the axis of the bearing bolt. The precise determination of the positions of the various lever ends and the design of levers, cam tracks, and hinge housing shapes is typically achieved through simulation in drawings in several iterative steps. An exemplary procedure is briefly explained in list form: - Define the sash geometry and wall geometry, as well as the size and position of the hinge housings on the sash and wall. - Define two triangles whose vertices are positioned relative to each other according to the pivot axes on each of the two main levers (pivot axis at the sash-side lever end, pivot axis at the wall-side lever end, pivot axis connecting the two main levers). - Assume the position of the sash relative to the wall at opening angles of 0°, 45°, 90°, and 180°, assuming the position of the two triangles representing the two main levers and marking the respective positions of the lever ends on the wall and sash.- Draw movement paths on the wall and wing that connect the position markers of the lever ends and can be assumed to represent the movement paths of these lever ends. - Assume the shapes of the two main levers and, if applicable, the auxiliary levers, and run the motion simulation with these. Modify the shapes of the levers and, if applicable, the guide paths of the lever end movements until the motion simulations no longer result in collisions. An exemplary embodiment of the different aspects of the invention is illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The second problem underlying the invention, as mentioned, is to reduce the tendency to unintentionally tip downwards, which pivoting wings have when the hinges that hold the wall and wing together are five or six axes. The second aspect of the invention is based on a five- or six-axis hinge with a first hinge housing, a second hinge housing and a first main lever pivotably holding the first hinge housing with the second hinge housing between a closed position and an open position, and a second main lever pivotally held with the first main lever on a common pivot axis. The first main lever and the second main lever pivotally connected to the first main lever are together – especially with their connecting elements to the first hinge housing and the second hinge housing – also referred to as a hinge bracket arrangement, through which a pivotally movable connection between the first hinge housing and the second hinge housing is enabled and guided. The first hinge housing can in particular be a wing-side hinge housing - preferably for concealed installation in a wing - while the second hinge housing can in particular be a wall-side hinge housing - especially for concealed installation in or on a wall or a frame surrounding a wall opening. The first main lever is mounted so that its first end is rotatably movable about a first pivot axis relative to the second hinge housing. If the second hinge housing is a wall-side hinge housing, the first main lever can therefore also be referred to as the wall-side main lever. The second main lever is mounted at its second end so that it can rotate freely around a second pivot axis relative to the first hinge housing. If the first hinge housing is a wing-side hinge housing, the second main lever can therefore also be referred to as a wing-side main lever. Furthermore, the second main lever has a third lever end, which is connected to the second hinge housing via a third pivot axis that is positively guided on the second hinge housing. This positive guidance enables a translational displacement movement of the third pivot axis on the second hinge housing, whereby the second main lever can also pivot about the third hinge axis. The first main lever is pivotally and translationally displaceably held at one end of the first hinge housing by a fifth pivot axis within a cam track. This allows the fifth pivot axis to be moved translationally along the cam track and, conversely, the first main lever to be pivoted about the fifth pivot axis. Based on this generic embodiment, the invention provides that a support arm is provided on the first main lever, which projects beyond the bearing of the fifth pivot axis in extension of the first main lever, and that the support arm rests against at least one guide surface of the first hinge housing in the open position, the closed position, and / or at least one intermediate position. This contact of the support arm with the guide surface creates mechanical support in the contact area thus formed, which can be used to additionally dissipate forces in the hinge and thus to provide additional stabilization against tilting. By positioning the support beam against the guide surface, compressive forces perpendicular to the guide surface can be transferred within the contact area. This eliminates the need for additional technical components such as bearings or guides, which would entail additional design or material costs. However, by appropriately shaping at least one guide surface and the support beam, this support can be implemented on a hinge with minimal effort, tailored to specific requirements. In a preferred embodiment, the guide surface has an upper surface and a lower surface in a vertical direction parallel to the pivot axes – i.e., in particular to the first pivot axis, the second pivot axis, the third pivot axis, the fifth pivot axis, and / or the common pivot axis. Specifically, the upper and lower surfaces are structurally separated and do not directly adjoin each other. This division into an upper and a lower surface allows for force application in an upper and a lower region, thereby providing particularly good support against tilting of the hinge or a wing mounted on it. This functional division also allows for a reduction in material. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the support beam projects vertically upwards in the vertical direction relative to the remaining first main lever and / or relative to the (in particular, the entire) second main lever, with an upper section which rests against the upper surface, and / or with a lower section which rests against the lower surface. This extends the contact areas of the support beam vertically upwards and downwards beyond the remaining hinge bracket arrangement, thus achieving particularly good support against tilting. Preferably, the geometry of the hinge, in particular the hinge arm assembly, is designed such that the support arm slides along the guide surface at least partially during an opening movement from the closed position towards the open position and / or during a closing movement from the open position towards the closed position. This ensures continuous contact and thus continuous support during the sliding motion. The geometry of the hinge arm assembly includes, in particular, the shape and dimensions of the main levers, the spacing of the pivot axes, the type and design of the positive guidance of the third pivot axis on the second hinge housing and the fifth pivot axis on the first hinge housing, as well as the shape of the one or more guide surfaces. Preferably, the support arm rests against the guide surface in the closed position, wherein the first hinge housing has at least one further guide surface against which the support arm rests in the open position. In a first embodiment of the invention, the guide surface and the further guide surface can be spaced apart from each other and unconnected, or, according to a further preferred embodiment, connected to each other by a transition. Likewise, in a further embodiment of the invention, it is conceivable that one or more additional guide surfaces – with or without transitions – are provided between the (closing-side) guide surface and the (opening-side) further guide surface, which provide support during the intermediate positions. Preferably, the first guide surface extends in a first plane, and the second guide surface extends in a second plane angled relative to the first plane. The line of intersection between the first plane and the second plane runs, in particular, in the vertical direction. The geometry of the hinge is particularly advantageously configured such that the support arm slides along the guide surface in a first pivot angle range immediately adjacent to the closed position and along a further guide surface in a second pivot angle range immediately adjacent to the open position. This provides particularly good support against tilting in both the first and second pivot angle ranges. In particular, the first pivot angle range has an extent of at least 30 degrees, and more specifically at least 45 degrees. The second pivot angle range also preferably has an extent of at least 30 degrees, and more specifically at least 45 degrees. This ensures secure positioning, particularly in the closed position – when the sash must fit into a corresponding wall opening and may interact with locking elements – and in the open position, thanks to the additional support. It is particularly preferred that the guide surface (or possibly one or more additional guide surfaces) is / are aligned perpendicular to the pivot axes of the hinge. This orientation facilitates at least partial, continuous, and uniform support against at least one guide surface during opening and closing movements. It is particularly preferred that the support rail bears continuous contact with at least one guide surface throughout the entire opening and / or closing movement – ​​at least taking into account mechanical tolerances and especially when subjected to the load of a door leaf. In addition to the conventional pivot or sliding bearings of the five- or six-axis hinge, this provides permanent additional support, preventing the hinge from tilting. To achieve particularly good support, it is preferably provided that the contact area with which the support beam rests against at least one guide surface is positioned deeper in the first hinge housing than the second pivot axis in each of the pivot positions (i.e., in the open position, the closed position, and each intermediate position) – in other words, at every point in time (during a closing or opening movement). "Deeper" here refers to the direction that points away from the second hinge housing in the closed position. In the case of a first hinge housing designed as a sash-side hinge housing, this is in particular the so-called sash direction, which points into the sash when installed. According to a first preferred embodiment of the invention, the third pivot axis is positively guided on the second hinge housing by being held in a translationally displaceable manner perpendicular to its orientation, in particular in a further cam guide. This construction is also referred to as a five-axis hinge. Particularly in the case of a five-axis hinge, the second hinge arm can also be designed with a second support rail, which bears against at least one second guide surface of the second hinge housing in at least one position. All preferred embodiments of the invention described herein can, mutatis mutandis, also be implemented accordingly on the second hinge arm or the second hinge housing. In an alternative preferred embodiment of the invention, the third pivot axis is held in a positively guided, displaceable manner on the second hinge housing by being pivotably held perpendicular to its orientation by an additional lever which is pivotably connected to the second hinge housing about a fourth pivot axis. This construction is also referred to as a six-axis hinge. Preferably, in the open position, the first main lever engages the second lever end of the second main lever in a form-fitting manner and rests against it with an inner surface. This provides additional stabilization and support for the first main lever and thus for the hinge bracket assembly. Another aspect of the invention relates to a hinge arrangement comprising a wall with an opening (wall opening), a wing for selectively closing the opening, and at least one hinge pivotably connecting the wall to the wing as described above. In this arrangement, one of the two hinge housings, in particular the first hinge housing, is connected to the wing, and the other hinge housing, in particular the second hinge housing, is connected to the wall – or to a frame surrounding the wall opening. The second solution to this problem is also shown in Figs. 7a to 9d. The solution to the third problem is outlined by way of example with reference to drawings 3, 4, 5, and 6, wherein drawings 3, 4, and 5 show the same object in different views, and drawing 6 shows a further object. Figures 1 and 2 show an exemplary six-axis hinge according to the invention, as described in the general explanation above, in a sectional view in the installed state, the section plane being normal to the axes of the hinge. Figure 1 shows the hinge in the closed state, and Figure 2 shows it in the 180° open state. Figure 3 shows the connection area between a hinge housing 22 designed according to the invention and a wall or a wing 21 in a frontal view. Figure 4 shows the connection area of ​​Figure 3 in the sectional view indicated there by "AA". Figure 5 shows the connection area of ​​Figure 3 in the sectional view indicated there by "BB". The main lever (6), which is pivotably and translationally displaceable at one end in a cam guide (9) on a hinge housing (5), is equipped with a support beam (17) which represents an extension of the main lever (6) via bearing about the pivot axis (14) on the cam guide (9), and which extends to an upper and a lower surface of the hinge housing (5) so that it can come into contact with them, and slides along these top surfaces during the opening and closing movements of the hinge. The surfaces of the hinge housing (5) are oriented perpendicular to the pivot axes of the hinge (3). This provides a simple way to achieve additional support from the hinge (3), especially against downward pivoting movements of the sash (2). It is advantageous if the area where the support post (17) and the surfaces of the hinge housing (5) touch lies deeper within the respective hinge housing (5) during the entire opening movement of the sash (2) than the pivot axis (11) on which a main lever (7) is pivotally mounted to this hinge housing (5). The assembly includes, among other things, a part 23, which is held immovably relative to the wall or the sash 21, and a hinge housing 22, which is to be attached to the wall or the sash 21, with its height being finely adjustable relative to the wall or the sash 21. In the construction according to drawings 3, 4 and 5, this is achieved by the "stationary" part 21, which is not movable relative to the wall or the sash 21, having an inclined nut bore 24 through which a threaded stud 25 can be screwed, the end of which abuts a horizontally oriented boundary wall of the hinge housing 22. The hinge housing 22 and the stationary part 21 abut each other at a vertical contact surface. Screws 27 extend perpendicular to this contact surface through a screw through-hole (shaped as an elongated hole) in one of these parts into a threaded hole in the other. The longer dimension of the elongated holes is vertically oriented. As long as the screws 27, which are designed to fix the fixed part 23 and the hinge housing 22 to each other, are loosened, the fixed part 23 and the hinge housing can be moved vertically relative to each other and finely adjusted in this respect by screwing the threaded pin 25 in or out of the corresponding nut bore 24. Once the desired position is reached, the screws 27 can be tightened, thereby fixing the height of the hinge housing 22 relative to the wall or the sash 21. Fig. 6 shows a kinematic inversion of the principle of construction shown in Figs. 3, 4 to 5, within the scope of the present invention. The inclined threaded bore 34 is now located in the hinge housing. A threaded pin extending through this threaded bore presses against a horizontal surface of a part 33 fixed to the wall or the sash 21. (If the material of the wall or the sash 21 is sufficiently strong, the part 33 can be omitted, and the threaded pin can press directly against a horizontal surface of the wall or the sash 21.) Once the relative height of the hinge housing 32 relative to the wall or the sash 21 has been adjusted by screwing the threaded pin in or out, screws 35, which extend through elongated holes 36 in the hinge housing into threaded inserts in the wall or the sash 21, are tightened, thereby securing the hinge housing 32 relative to the wall or the sash 21.is rigidly fixed to wing 21. Various further design forms of the support according to the invention – particularly relating to the second aspect of the invention – are illustrated in Figures 7a to 9d. These figures each show schematic sectional views of a hinge according to the invention within the installation situation of a hinge arrangement according to the invention in different pivot positions. Figures 7a to 7d show a construction based on Figures 1 and 2. The first hinge housing (5) forms the wing-side hinge housing, which is inserted into the wing 2 of the hinge assembly. In this embodiment, the second hinge housing 4 is designed as a flat, wall-side hinge housing, which has a greater width than depth and is mounted on the wall 1. Fig. 7a shows the closed position (corresponding to an opening angle α of 0°), in which the opening within the wall 1 is closed by the sash 2. The first hinge housing 5 and the second hinge housing 4 are pivotally held together between the closed position shown in Fig. 7a and the (maximum) open position shown in Fig. 7d by a first main lever 6 (also referred to as the wall-side main lever) and a second main lever 7 (also referred to as the sash-side main lever). The first main lever 6 and the second main lever 7 are pivotally held together relative to each other on a common pivot axis 12. The first main lever 6 is mounted so that it can rotate freely about a first pivot axis 10 relative to the second hinge housing 4 at a first lever end 6a (in particular, the first wall-side lever end). Similarly, the second main lever 7 is mounted so that it can rotate freely about a second pivot axis 11 relative to the first hinge housing 5 at a second lever end 7a (corresponding to the first wing-side lever end according to the preceding embodiments). The second main lever 7 further comprises a third lever end 7b (corresponding to the second wall-side end), which is connected to the second hinge housing 4 by a positively guided third pivot axis 13. In the embodiment shown here, this is achieved by the third pivot axis 13 being articulated to the second hinge housing 4 via an auxiliary lever 8 which is pivotably mounted on the second hinge housing 4 about a fourth pivot axis 16. Furthermore, the first main lever 6 is pivotally and translationally displaceably mounted on the first hinge housing 5 in an end region 6b with a fifth pivot axis 14 in a cam guide 9, which accommodates a linearly displaceable T-nut 9a. The kinematics of the hinge bracket arrangement can be seen from a comparative analysis of Figures 7a to 7d. According to the invention, a support beam 17 is provided on the first main lever 6, which projects in the end region 6b as an extension of the first main lever 6 over the bearing of the fifth pivot axis 14. In accordance with the invention, the support beam 17 rests against a guide surface 5a of the first hinge housing 5 in the closed position shown in Fig. 7a. The guide surface 5a is implemented as the edge of a recess 37 formed in the first hinge housing 5. In the viewing direction (opposite the vertical direction z) of the illustrations, the recess is located behind the rest of the hinge bracket assembly. The support beam 17 engages in this recess 37 with a lower projection. The edge of the recess 37 is shown as a dashed line in the figures. As can be seen in Figures 7a to 7d, the recess 37 is L-shaped, with a transition to a further (second) guide surface 5b adjoining the (first) guide surface 5a. While the first guide surface 5a extends in a first plane I, the further guide surface 5b extends in a second plane II, which is angled relative to the first plane I by an angle β. The geometry of the hinge is designed such that, during an opening movement from the closed position shown in Fig. 7a towards the opening position, the support beam 17 first slides continuously along the guide surface 5a in a first pivot angle range up to an opening angle α of approximately 45° shown in Fig. 7b, and further slides continuously along the guide surface 5b in a second pivot angle range from the opening angle of approximately 135° shown in Fig. 7c up to a complete opening (with an opening angle of 180°) shown in Fig. 7d. Furthermore, as can be seen in Fig. 7d, the first main lever 6, in its maximum opening position, positively engages the second lever end 7a of the second main lever 7 with an inner surface 17a and rests against it in a stabilizing manner. Simultaneously, the lower section of the support beam engaging in the recess 37 has reached an opening-side end stop within the recess, thus further blocking any additional opening movement. Figures 8a to 8d and 9a to 9d show further embodiments of a hinge 3 and a hinge arrangement according to the invention in different opening angles α. In contrast to the embodiment of Figures 7a to 7d, the positive guidance of the third pivot axis 13 on the second hinge housing 4 is realized with a further cam guide 9', on which the axle bolt of the third pivot axis 13 is guided translationally displaceably with a further T-nut 9a'. Furthermore, both embodiments provide that the second main lever 7 also has a further support beam 17' which projects beyond the bearing of the third pivot axis (13) as an extension of the second main lever 7, and that the further support beam 17' bears against and slides along at least one additional guide surface 4a and / or another additional guide surface 4b in the open position, the closed position and / or at least one intermediate position. The variant shown in Figures 8a to 8d depicts a hinge 3 with an asymmetrical cam guide for the five-axis hinge, while the embodiment shown in Figures 9a to 9d is completely symmetrical. Reference symbol list 1 Wall 2 Sash 3 Hinge 4 First / wall-side hinge housing 4a Additional guide surface 4a' Further additional guide surface 5 Second / sash-side hinge housing 5a Guide surface 5b Further guide surface 6 First / wall-side main lever 6a First wall-side lever end, first lever end 6b Second sash-side lever end / end area 7 Second / sash-side main lever 7a First sash-side lever end / second lever end 7b Second wall-side lever end / third lever end 8 (Wall-side) auxiliary lever 8a First end 8b Second end 9 Sash-side cam guide 9' Further cam guide 9a, 9a' T-nut 10 First pivot axis 11 Second pivot axis 12 Common pivot axis 13 Third pivot axis 14 Fifth pivot axis 15 Reveal surface 16 Fourth pivot axis 17 Support rail 17a Inside 17b Outside 18 Hinge surface 19a Inside 19b further inside 21 wall or wing 22 hinge housing 23 opposite wall or24 Fixed part of the sash (stationary part) 25 Threaded hole, angled 26 Set screw 27 Screw for connection to wall or sash 28 Slotted hole 32 Hinge housing 33 Fixed part relative to wall or sash (stationary part) 34 Angled threaded hole 35 Screw for connecting the stationary hinge housing to the wall or sash 36 Slotted hole 37 Recess α Opening angle β Angle I First plane II Second plane. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature WO 2022 / 020867 A1

[0019] EP 3 124 727 A1

[0021]

Claims

Six- or seven-axis hinge (3) with a wall-side hinge housing (4) for concealed installation on a jamb surface (15) of a door opening in a wall (1), with a leaf-side hinge housing (5) for concealed installation on a hinge surface (18) of a leaf (2) pivotally held on the wall (1), wherein the wall-side hinge housing (4) and the leaf-side hinge housing (5) are pivotally held together between an opening position and a closed position by a hinge bracket arrangement comprising a wall-side main lever (6) and a leaf-side main lever (7) pivotally held with the wall-side main lever (6) on a common pivot axis (12),wherein the wall-side main lever (6) is mounted so as to be rotatable only about a first pivot axis (10) relative to the wall-side hinge housing (4) with a first wall-side lever end (6a) and the wing-side main lever (7) is mounted so as to be rotatable only about a second pivot axis (11) relative to the wing-side hinge housing (5) with a first wing-side lever end (7a) relative to the wing-side hinge housing (5), wherein the wing-side main lever (7) has a second wall-side lever end (7b) with which it is pivotably connected about a third pivot axis (13) to a first end (8a) of a wall-side auxiliary lever (8), the second end (8b) of which is pivotably connected to the wall-side hinge housing (4) on a fourth pivot axis (16), wherein the wall-side main lever (6) has a second wing-side lever end (6b),which is connected to the wing-side hinge housing (5) by means of a fifth pivot axis (14) guided thereon, wherein at least the first pivot axis (10), the third pivot axis (13) and the fourth pivot axis (16) are each designed as pivot bolts with a uniform diameter (d), characterized in that the third pivot axis (13) and the fourth pivot axis (16) are offset by more than one diameter (d) relative to the first pivot axis (10) in the wall direction. Hinge (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the fifth pivot axis (14) is positively guided on the wing-side hinge housing (5) in such a way that it is guided normally to its orientation and is translationally displaceable. Hinge (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the fifth pivot axis (14) is positively guided on the wing-side hinge housing (5) by being held pivotably perpendicular to its orientation by a further additional lever. Hinge (3) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first pivot axis (10) is located further in the wall direction in the closed position than the second pivot axis (11). Hinge (4) according to claim 4, characterized in that the first pivot axis (10) is offset in the closing position against the wing opening direction by no more than one diameter (d) relative to the second pivot axis (11). Hinge (4) according to claim 5, characterized in that the first pivot axis (10) and the second pivot axis (11) are at the same height in the closing position in the pressure direction. Hinge (3) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the second pivot axis (11) is located on the wing opening side of the wing-side hinge housing (5). Hinge (3) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the fourth pivot axis (16) is located on the wall opening side of the wall-side hinge housing (4). Hinge (3) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the wall-side hinge housing (4) and the wing-side hinge housing (5) engage in each other with a complementary shape in the closed position. Hinge (3) according to claim 9, characterized in that the bearing of the first pivot axis (10) is held in a projecting projection (19) of the wall-side hinge housing (4). Hinge (3) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that in the closed position the third pivot axis (13) is located on the wall closing side of the wall-side hinge housing (4). Hinge (3) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that in an open position, in particular when the hinge is open to 180°, the third pivot axis (13) of the second wall-side lever end (7b) of the wing-side main lever (7) is offset in the lateral direction by more than the diameter (d) relative to the first pivot axis (10). Hinge according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the wall-side main lever (6) projects beyond the fifth pivot axis (14) at a second wing-side lever end (6b) with a support beam (17), which in a maximum opening position positively engages the first wing-side lever end (7a) of the wing-side main lever (7) and lies flat against it with an inner surface (17a). Hinge according to claim 13, characterized in that the support member (17) in a closed position bears with an outer surface (17b) against an associated inner surface (5a) of the wing-side hinge housing (5). A five- or six-axis hinge (3), in particular in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 14, comprising a first hinge housing (5), a second hinge housing (4), a first main lever (6) pivotably holding the first hinge housing (5) pivotably with the second hinge housing (4) between a closed position and an open position, and a second main lever (7) pivotably held with the first main lever (6) on a common pivot axis (12), wherein the first main lever (6) is mounted so as to be rotatably movable with a first lever end (6a) relative to the second hinge housing (4) about a first pivot axis (10), and the second main lever (7) is mounted so as to be rotatably movable with a second lever end (7a) relative to the first hinge housing (5) about a second pivot axis (11), wherein the second main lever (7) has a third lever end (7b).which is connected to the second hinge housing (4) via a third pivot axis (13) which is positively guided on the second hinge housing (4) and wherein the first main lever (6) is pivotably and translationally displaceably held at an end region (6b) with a fifth pivot axis (14) in a cam guide (9) on the first hinge housing (5), characterized in that a support beam (17) is provided on the first main lever (6), which projects beyond the bearing of the fifth pivot axis (14) in extension of the first main lever (6) and that the support beam (17) bears against at least one guide surface (5a) of the first hinge housing (5) in the open position, the closed position and / or at least an intermediate position. Hinge (3) according to claim 15, characterized in that the guide surface has an upper surface and a lower surface in a vertical direction (z) parallel to the pivot axes (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16). Hinge (3) according to claim 16, characterized in that the support member (17) projects upwards in the vertical direction (z) relative to the remaining first main lever (6) and / or relative to the second main lever (7) with an upper section which rests against the upper surface and / or with a lower section which rests against the lower surface. Hinge (3) according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the geometry of the hinge, in particular that of the hinge bracket arrangement, is designed such that the support member (17) slides at least sectionally along the guide surface (5a) during an opening movement from the closed position towards the opening position and / or during a closing movement from the opening position towards the closing position. Hinge (3) according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that the support bar (17) rests against the guide surface (5a) in the closed position and that the first hinge housing (5) has at least one further guide surface (5b) against which the support bar (17) rests in the open position. Hinge (3) according to claim 19, characterized in that the first guide surface (5a) extends in a first plane (I) and the further guide surface (5b) extends in a second plane (II) angled relative to the first plane (I). Hinge (3) according to one of claims 19 or 20, characterized in that the support beam (7) slides along the guide surface (5a) in a first pivot angle range immediately adjacent to the closed position and slides along the further guide surface (5b) in a second pivot angle range immediately adjacent to the open position. Hinge (3) according to claim 21, characterized in that the first pivot angle range has an extent of at least 30°, in particular at least 45°. Hinge (3) according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that the second pivot angle range has an extent of at least 30°, in particular at least 45°. Hinge (3) according to one of claims 15 to 23, characterized in that the guide surface (5a) is aligned normal to the pivot axes (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16). Hinge (3) according to one of claims 15 to 24, characterized in that the support beam (17) bears continuously against at least one of the guide surfaces (5a, 5b) during the entire opening movement and / or the entire closing movement. Hinge (3) according to one of claims 15 to 25, characterized in that the contact area with which the support beam (17) rests on at least one guide surface (5a, 5b) is positioned deeper in the first hinge housing (5) than the second pivot axis (11) in each of the pivot positions. Hinge (3) according to one of claims 15 to 26, characterized in that the third pivot axis (13) is positively guided on the second hinge housing (4) by being held in a translationally displaceable manner normal to its orientation, in particular in a further cam guide (9'). Hinge (3) according to one of claims 15 to 27, characterized in that the third pivot axis (13) is held displaceably on the second hinge housing (4) by being held pivotably normal to its orientation by an additional lever (8) which is pivotably connected to the second hinge housing (4) about a fourth pivot axis (16). Hinge (3) according to one of claims 15 to 28, characterized in that the first main lever (6) in an open position engages the second lever end (7a) of the second main lever (7) in a form-fitting manner and rests flatly against it with an inner surface (17a). Hinge arrangement comprising a wall (1) comprising an opening, a wing (2) for selectively closing the opening and at least one hinge (3) pivotably connecting the wall (1) to the wing (2) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein one of the two hinge housings (4, 5), in particular the first hinge housing (5), is connected to the wing (2) and the other hinge housing (5, 4), in particular the second hinge housing (4), is connected to the wall (1). Hinge arrangement according to claim 30, characterized in that the first pivot axis (10) is located in the closed position on the wing side behind the hinge surface (18) of the wing (2) facing the jamb surface (15) in the area of ​​the wing opening side of the wing-side hinge housing (5).

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