Clutch / gearbox actuator and linear displacement sensor with tilted dual magnet arrangement

Abstract

The invention relates to an actuating device with a measuring system (1) for detecting a displacement position of a switching element (2), with a magnetic field sensor unit (3) designed to detect at least two directional components of a magnetic field, and with a magnet unit (5) having two magnets (4a, 4b) and prepared for connection to the switching element (2), wherein the magnet unit (5) is arranged relative to the magnetic field sensor unit (3) such that a multi-dimensionally oriented magnetic field generated by the magnets (4a, 4b) can be detected by the magnetic field sensor unit (3) in a specific displacement range (6) of the magnet unit (5), and wherein the two magnets (4a, 4b) are arranged and / or designed relative to one another such that a first dipole axis (7a) connecting a north pole and a south pole of the first magnet (4a) is inclined to a second,a north pole and a south pole of the second magnet (4b) is aligned with a dipole axis (7b) connecting one another, and a switching device for selecting and / or engaging / disengaging a gear ratio of a motor vehicle transmission with a movable switching element (2) and an actuating device.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an actuating device with a measuring system / sensor system for detecting a displacement position of a shifting element, wherein the measuring system is designed as a linear displacement measuring system / linear displacement sensor. The invention also relates to a shifting device for selecting and / or engaging or disengaging a gear ratio of a motor vehicle transmission, with a movably mounted shifting element, such as a shift fork, and such a measuring system.

[0002] The actuating device can be designed, in particular, as part of a torque-transmitting device, such as a transmission or a clutch. The actuating device can be used, in particular, for shifting, selecting, actuating, or similar operations. In particular, piston-cylinder units, shift forks, and hydrostatic clutch actuators can be forced into movement / activated with it, and the forced movement can also be measured with it. The measuring system can therefore be designed and used as a subsystem of a shifting device / shift actuator of a transmission.

[0003] Various shifting devices for operating transmissions in motor vehicles are already known from the prior art. Such shifting devices are disclosed, for example, in DE 10 2011 088 662 A1 and DE 10 2011 088 667 A1.

[0004] Furthermore, it is already known in principle to use a linear sensor system / measuring system to detect actuators such as shift elements / shift forks of a motor vehicle transmission.

[0005] However, the measuring systems known from the prior art usually have the disadvantage that they are only partially suitable for practical use for relatively short displacement distances. When using at least one magnet as the actuator of the measuring system, it has proven suitable to determine an arctangent ratio between two measured components of the magnetic flux densities of the magnetic field generated by the magnet. By assigning the arctangent ratio (angle), which changes when the magnet is moved, to the respective displacement positions of the magnet, the position of the magnet can be determined during operation. However, this position determination only works when the arctangent ratio (angle) is approximately linear with respect to the displacement distance.If the magnet enters a displacement range outside of this linear progression, the correct position becomes increasingly difficult or even impossible to reliably determine due to the changing gradient of the arctangent ratio, particularly when the gradient decreases. In particular, the prior art currently only allows for the evaluation of the arctangent ratio over a small angular range (small gradient) for relatively short displacement distances. The position of the magnet, and thus of the switching element connected to it during operation, can therefore only be determined with limited reliability. DE 10 2010 042 023 A1 discloses an actuating device according to the preamble of claim 1. Further prior art is disclosed in DE 601 00 913 T2 and US 2009 / 0 121 708 A1.

[0006] It is therefore the object of the present invention to eliminate these disadvantages known from the prior art and in particular to provide an actuating device for a gearshift device which ensures reliable position determination of the shift element for relatively short displacement paths of a shift element.

[0007] This object is achieved according to the invention by an actuating device with the wording of claim 1, wherein the measuring system for detecting a displacement position of a switching element is provided with a magnetic field sensor unit designed to detect at least two directional components of a magnetic field and a magnet unit having two magnets and prepared for connection to the switching element, wherein the magnet unit is arranged relative to the magnetic field sensor unit such that a multi-dimensionally oriented magnetic field generated by the magnets can be detected by the magnetic field sensor unit in a specific displacement range of the magnet unit, and the two magnets are arranged and / or designed relative to each other such that a first dipole axis connecting a north pole and a south pole of the first magnet is inclined to a second,a north pole and a south pole of the second magnet are aligned with each other.

[0008] By designing an actuating device in this way, it has been shown that the detected directional components of the magnetic field detected by the magnetic field sensor unit, preferably the directional components of the magnetic flux density in a Y direction and an X direction, when referenced in the arctangent function, enable an approximately linear progression with a higher gradient over a significantly larger angular range. This allows the actuating device—and thus also the measuring system—to monitor relatively short displacement paths better than before, and the correct position of the actuating element can be reliably detected.

[0009] Further advantageous embodiments are claimed in the subclaims and explained in more detail below.

[0010] Accordingly, it is further advantageous if the first magnet and / or the second magnet are permanent magnets. This allows the actuating device—and thus also the measuring system—to be manufactured particularly cost-effectively.

[0011] If the first magnet and / or the second magnet are / is furthermore block-shaped, such as cuboid-shaped, cube-shaped, or prism-shaped, or rod-shaped, such as with an elliptical, preferably circular cross-section, a magnetic field is generated by the respective magnet which is particularly suitable for the metrological detection of a linear displacement path.

[0012] It is also advantageous if the first magnet is arranged relative to the second magnet such that the first dipole axis and the second dipole axis of these two magnets lie in a common plane. This makes the magnets particularly well-positioned for implementing the actuating device—and thus also the measuring system—as a linear displacement measuring system.

[0013] According to the invention, the two magnets are arranged relative to each other such that the first dipole axis (seen in a displacement plane) is oriented at an angle between 25° and 90°, preferably between 30° and 90°, more preferably between 60° and 90°, and particularly preferably at an angle of approximately 90°, relative to the second dipole axis. This allows for an approximately linear relationship with a high gradient between the arctangent and the displacement path to be formed over a relatively short displacement range and simultaneously over a large angular range.

[0014] In this context, it is particularly advantageous that the two magnets are arranged such that the first dipole axis and / or the second dipole axis are / is oriented at an angle between 30° and 80°, preferably between 40° and 60°, particularly preferably at an angle of approximately 45°, obliquely to a displacement plane within which the magnets are arranged displaceably relative to the magnetic field sensor unit. This allows the linear angular range and the slope of the arctangent ratio to be further increased.

[0015] It is also advantageous if the magnetic field sensor unit comprises a multidimensional, preferably two-dimensional, more preferably three-dimensional Hall sensor. This allows the actuating device—and thus also the measuring system—to be implemented particularly compactly and cost-effectively using existing components.

[0016] In this context, it is also advantageous if the Hall sensor comprises a first sensor sub-component, through which a first directional component of a magnetic flux density of the magnetic field(s) can be detected in an X-direction, and a second sensor sub-component, through which a second directional component of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field can be detected in a Y-direction perpendicular to the X-direction. This makes the magnetic field sensor unit particularly well-suited for detecting a shift position of the shift element of a transmission.

[0017] It is also expedient if an evaluation unit is connected to the magnetic field sensor unit for data transmission, wherein the evaluation unit is configured to calculate an arctangent value of two directionally different measurement data values acquired by the magnetic field sensor unit (preferably using the X- and Y-direction components of the magnetic flux density) in the form of magnetic flux density values / voltage values proportional to the flux density. This allows the displacement position to be calculated particularly quickly.

[0018] If the two magnets are arranged relative to each other in such a way that the detected and / or calculated arctangent curve has a linear relationship with the displacement path within the specific displacement range, the correct position of the magnets or the switching element can be determined in as few calculation steps as possible.

[0019] Furthermore, the invention relates to a switching device for selecting and / or engaging / disengaging a gear ratio / gear of a motor vehicle transmission, comprising a movably arranged switching element and an actuating device with a measuring system according to at least one of the previously described embodiments, wherein a magnet unit is fixedly connected to the switching element and a magnetic field sensor unit is connected to a housing-fixed portion to which the switching element is movably mounted, and the magnet unit and the magnetic field sensor unit are arranged relative to one another in such a way that a displacement range of the switching element can be fully detected during operation. This allows the measuring system to be used particularly effectively.

[0020] In other words, an actuating device and a displacement sensor (measuring system) are designed with two block magnets (first and second magnet) tilted relative to one another. The aim is to implement an actuating device / a corresponding sensor system (measuring system), or an actuator (switching device / gearbox actuator) with a corresponding sensor system, which exhibits a tilt such that, depending on specified parameters (distance "Y" of the sensor (the magnetic field sensor unit) relative to the magnets, strength of the magnets, distance "b" of the magnets relative to one another), a linear curve of the arctangent is created as a function of the distance traveled / the displacement path traveled over a sufficiently large range ΔX. The block magnets are preferably tilted away from one another by the same amount, although tilting relative to one another also leads to positive results.The magnets are preferably arranged radially far from the axis of rotation to achieve the greatest possible translation and are pivoted accordingly. The sensor is located at a point axially spaced from the magnets in the direction of the axis of rotation. By pivoting the magnets, the measured magnetic field is varied accordingly. To achieve the most linear measurement curve possible with minimal displacement error, the magnets are tilted as described.

[0021] The invention will now be explained in more detail below with reference to figures, in which context various embodiments are also explained.

[0022] They show: Fig. 1 a schematic plan view of an actuating device according to the invention according to a first preferred embodiment, wherein the position of the magnetic field sensor unit can be seen, essentially centrally in a displacement range of a magnet unit, wherein the magnet unit has two block magnets tilted relative to each other, Fig. 2 a perspective view of a part of a switching device according to the invention comprising the actuating device with the measuring system according to Fig. 1, wherein in particular a shift fork of the switching device is shown schematically, on which the magnet unit is fixedly received at a pivoting area so that it can be detected by the magnetic field sensor unit fixed to the housing, Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of the actuating device according to the first embodiment similar to Fig. 1, wherein the field lines are drawn to illustrate the magnetic field formed by the magnets and wherein it can be seen that the dipole axes of the two magnets run towards each other relative to each other, towards the magnetic sensor unit, Fig. 4 a measuring system according to a second further preferred embodiment, which is constructed in principle like the first embodiment, wherein the magnets are now aligned such that the dipole axes of the two magnets extend away from each other in the direction of the magnetic sensor unit, Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating a schematic progression of the X- and Y-direction components of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field generated by the two magnets of an embodiment, Fig. 6 a diagram illustrating the schematic course of the arctangent ratio of the Fig. 5 shown flux density values over the displacement path of the magnets, and Fig. 7 a diagram illustrating the course of the arctangent ratio of the Fig. 5 shows the flux density values across the displacement path of the magnets and as a function of the tilt of the magnets relative to each other.

[0023] The figures are merely schematic and serve solely to clarify the invention. The same elements are designated by the same reference numerals.

[0024] In Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of an actuating device according to the invention with a measuring system 1. The measuring system 1 is designed to detect a displacement position of an actuating element / switching element 2 ( Fig. 2) a switching device which is not shown here for the sake of clarity.

[0025] In Fig. 2 shows the shifting element 2, designed as a shift fork of the shifting device. The shifting device is an actuator, preferably driven by an electric motor. The shifting device is designed here as a transmission shifting device / transmission actuator and, during operation, is used in the usual way for selecting and / or engaging / disengaging a gear ratio / gear of a motor vehicle transmission, such as a transmission of a car, truck, bus, or agricultural vehicle. For a more detailed description of the design of the shifting device, reference is made in particular to DE 10 2011 088 667 A1, the content of which with regard to the mode of operation and the design of the shifting device is deemed to be integrated herein. The shifting element 2 in the form of the shift fork is movable / pivotable relative to a housing-fixed section (not shown here for the sake of clarity), which is fixedly connected to a housing of the shifting device or the transmission.The switching element 2 can be pivoted about a pivot axis defined by two bearing bushes 13 of the switching element 2 in order to select and / or engage or disengage the corresponding gear ratios / gears of the transmission.

[0026] As is particularly well known in Fig. 2, the measuring system 1 is arranged in such a way that it always detects the correct position / pivoting position of the switching element 2 during operation of the switching device.

[0027] In Fig. The basic structure of the measuring system 1 is particularly clearly visible in Figure 1. The measuring system 1 comprises, on the one hand, a magnetic field sensor unit 3, which is designed to detect / capture two directional components of a magnetic field, namely two directional components of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field. A magnet unit 5 is also provided, which generates this magnetic field. In particular, as described in more detail below, the magnet unit 5 comprises two magnets 4a and 4b, which together form a total magnetic field / total magnetic field 12.

[0028] The magnetic field sensor unit 3 has a two-dimensional Hall sensor for detecting this magnetic field 12 (not shown here for the sake of clarity). In further embodiments, it is also possible for the magnetic field sensor unit 3 to have a three-dimensional Hall sensor instead. Consequently, the magnetic field sensor unit 3 is capable of measuring at least two directional components of a magnetic flux density of a magnetic field. In particular, the magnetic field sensor unit 3 serves as an element that outputs two electrical voltage values as measured data, which are proportional to the different directional components of the magnetic flux density. During operation, the magnetic field sensor unit 3 is then further connected electronically, i.e.data transmitting, connected and transmits the measurement data recorded there to this evaluation unit.

[0029] The magnetic field sensor unit 3, due to its design as a multi-dimensional Hall sensor, detects a first directional component of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field 12 in an X-direction with a first sub-sensor component. The first sub-sensor component or the measuring direction of the first sub-sensor component is in Fig. 1 is shown schematically with the aid of an arrow 14 marked with "X" of a magnetic field sensor unit coordinate system. The magnetic field sensor unit 3 also has a second sub-sensor component, by which a second directional component of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field 12 is detected perpendicularly in the Y direction, ie perpendicular relative to the X direction in this y direction. The second sub-sensor component or the measuring direction of the second sub-sensor component is in Fig. 1 is shown schematically with the aid of an arrow 15 of the magnetic field sensor unit coordinate system, marked with "Y". The magnetic field sensor unit coordinate system, with its zero point, indicates the approximate position of the magnetic field sensor unit 3 relative to the magnet unit 5. The first sub-sensor component is arranged such that its measuring direction / the X-direction is arranged in a displacement plane 8, to which the magnet unit 5, described in more detail below, is displaced parallel during operation. The second sub-sensor component is arranged such that its measuring direction / the Y-direction, perpendicular to this X-direction, is aligned normal to the displacement plane 8. The magnetic field sensor unit 3 is thus preferably arranged with its Hall sensor in the Fig. 1 shown starting position, which essentially corresponds to the middle / centric of a practically implemented displacement range 6 of the magnet unit 5 / the switching element 2.

[0030] As already mentioned, the measuring system 1 also has a magnet unit 5. The magnet unit 5 is in operation, as again in Fig. 2, is firmly attached to the switching element 2. The magnet unit 5 (also referred to as a magnet system / magnet arrangement / magnet actuator) is arranged on an arm of the switching element, spaced from the bearing bush 13 of this arm / from the pivot axis. The magnet unit 5 is spaced apart from the magnetic field sensor unit 3 in a direction normal to the displacement plane 8, forming an air gap 9. The magnetic field sensor unit 3 is in turn attached to the housing-fixed portion of the switching device or transmission. Thus, the magnet unit 5 is attached to the switching element 2 so that it can be moved / pivoted relative to the magnetic field sensor unit 3 during operation.

[0031] In Fig. 1 shows a neutral position of the magnet unit 5 / the switching element 2 relative to the magnetic field sensor unit 3. The magnet unit 5 has two magnets 4a and 4b, each designed as permanent magnets. The two magnets 4a and 4b are each designed as cuboid-shaped block magnets. However, the two magnets 4a and 4b are not limited to this shape. In further exemplary embodiments, the two magnets 4a and 4b are also shaped differently, for example cube-shaped, prism-shaped, or round bar-shaped. Both magnets 4a and 4b are also shaped and dimensioned identically. In further exemplary embodiments, the two magnets 4a and 4b are each shaped and dimensioned differently. Both magnets 4a and 4b are spaced equally far across the air gap 9 at a vertical distance to the displacement plane 8 relative to the displacement plane 8. The magnets 4a and 4b are fixed in a magnet holding area 10 of the switching element 2.

[0032] According to the invention, the two magnets 4a and 4b are inclined to each other with their dipole axes 7a and 7b, ie they are positioned at an angle to each other. As shown in Fig. 3 clearly shows, a first magnet 4a, which is shown here in Fig. 1 corresponds to the left of the two magnets 4a and 4b, a first imaginary dipole axis 7a, which runs through the north pole and the south pole of the first magnet 4a. In particular, the first magnet 4a is oriented such that its side forming the north pole faces obliquely towards the displacement plane 8. The first magnet 4a is also oriented such that the dipole axis 7a extends in a plane perpendicular to the displacement plane 8. The first dipole axis 7a is oriented in this embodiment at an angle of 45° relative to the displacement plane 8. In further embodiments, as with respect to Fig. 7, other angles of attack of the first dipole axis 7a, such as 75° or 60°, relative to the displacement plane 8, are also implemented.

[0033] A second magnet 4b is arranged parallel to the displacement area 6 / displacement plane 8 at a distance from the first magnet 4a. The second magnet 4b also forms a (second) dipole axis 7b, which is again inclined at 45° to the displacement plane 8, but in the opposite direction to the first dipole axis 7a. In further embodiments, as with respect to Fig. 7, other angles of incidence of the second dipole axis 7a, such as 75° or 60°, relative to the displacement plane 8, are also implemented. However, the second magnet 4b is always tilted / rotated in the opposite direction to the first magnet 4a. The second imaginary dipole axis 7b of the second magnet 4b also runs through the north pole and the south pole of the second magnet 4b. The north pole of the second magnet 4b is arranged on a side of the second magnet 4b that is diagonally opposite to the first magnet 4a and / or the displacement plane 8. The second dipole axis 7b also runs on the plane perpendicular to the displacement plane 8.

[0034] Due to the arrangement of the two magnets 4a and 4b, their dipole axes 7a and 7b both have an angle of 45° relative to the displacement plane 8. Relative to each other, the magnets 4a and 4b / the dipole axes 7a and 7b are thus positioned at 90°, ie essentially perpendicular to each other, with the dipole axes 7a and 7b intersecting.

[0035] In principle, it is also possible to arrange the magnets 4a and 4b differently, for example so that the two dipole axes 7a and 7b run / are aligned in different planes, for example in planes running parallel to each other (which are preferably perpendicular to the displacement plane 8).

[0036] By arranging the two magnets 4a and 4b according to Fig. 1 results in the Fig. 3 shows the course of the two partial magnetic fields 11a and 11b, with a first partial magnetic field 11a being generated by the first magnet 4a and a second partial magnetic field 11b being generated by the first magnet 4b. Both partial magnetic fields 11a and 11b together form the common magnetic field 12, which acts on the magnetic field sensor unit 3.

[0037] The oblique / tilted arrangement of the magnets 4a and 4b results in the two Fig. 5 recognizable courses of the directional components of the magnetic flux density. The first directional component in the X-direction, i.e. the portion of the magnetic flux density measured in the X-direction by the magnetic field sensor unit 3 (ordinate), is in this case approximately designed by a cosine course along the relevant displacement range 6 / displacement path (abscissa). The second directional component in the Y-direction, i.e. the portion of the magnetic flux density measured in the Y-direction by the magnetic field sensor unit 3 (ordinate), is in this case approximately designed by a sine course along the relevant displacement range 6 / displacement path (abscissa). This makes it possible, as in Fig. 6 calculated, by means of a conversion using the evaluation unit using the arctangent function (ordinate) to achieve an essentially linear range over the relevant displacement path / measuring path (abscissa).

[0038] The effect of the tilt is also in connection with Fig. 7 again clearly visible. Thus, by means of the magnetic field sensor unit 3 and the evaluation unit, an arctangent signal / an arctangent ratio (ordinate) is generated between the flux density components in the Y-direction and in the X-direction of the magnetic field sensor unit coordinate system, which signal / ratio is approximately linear with a variable gradient over the displacement path (abscissa), depending on the magnet tilt. As a result, in the relevant displacement range 6, i.e. by a certain length compared to the in Fig. 1 shown neutral position to the left and right, the position of the switching element 2 can be determined in any position.

[0039] The arrangement according to the invention makes it possible, in particular, to achieve a displacement path of 12 mm based on an approximately linear arctangent ratio of the second directional component relative to the first directional component over an angular range of approximately 360°. The air gap 9, i.e., the distance normal to the displacement plane 8, is preferably approximately 8.2 mm from one end of both magnets 4a, 4b closest to the displacement plane 8 to the displacement plane 8.

[0040] Combined with Fig. 4, according to a second preferred embodiment, it is also possible to arrange the magnets 4a and 4b such that their dipole axes 7a and 7b do not extend toward each other, but rather away from each other toward the displacement plane 8. The remaining structure and operation of the second embodiment correspond to the first embodiment.

[0041] In other words, according to the invention, two block magnets (magnets 4a and 4b) are arranged at an angle relative to each other. This allows the sensor signal (signal at the magnetic field sensor unit 3) to be influenced in such a way that a linear profile is present over a large angular range. For magnets inclined at 90° to each other, an angular range of 360° can be measured linearly over a distance (displacement range 6) of approximately 25 mm. Fig. Figure 1 shows, as an exemplary embodiment, the current geometry of a fork (shift fork) of an electric axle actuator (EAA / shifting device) with the magnet arrangement according to the invention. A double block magnet (magnet unit 5) consists of two NdFeB magnets (magnets 4a and 4b) measuring 7 mm x 6 mm x 7 mm, with the magnets being magnetized in the direction of the short edge (local x-axis). The distance (distance between the centers of mass) of the magnets (magnets 4a and 4b) to each other is preferably 14 mm. The radius of the evaluation section (displacement range 6), which corresponds to the distance of the sensor 3 to the pivot point of the fork, is 36.5 mm. The distance between the magnets 4a, 4b normal to the sensor is referred to as the air gap 9 and, in this exemplary embodiment, has Fig. 1 has a nominal value of 8.2 mm. The considered evaluation section has a length of 12 mm in the circumferential direction (swivel direction). The ratio of the magnet distance to the edge length of the magnets 4a, 4b is thus approximately one, while the magnetic field is evaluated over approximately twice this length. The air gap 9 is larger than the edge length of the magnets 4a, 4b, but smaller than the evaluation section 6. Since the field lines of the magnets 4a, 4b in the arrangement as shown in Fig. 1 is given, from the point of view of the sensor 3 at mutually inclined surfaces of the magnets 4a, 4b (cf. Fig. 3), this constellation is referred to as tilted relative to each other. The tilt angle is defined for each magnet 4a, 4b around its y-axis (axis perpendicular to the dipole axis 7a, 7b), so that the arrangement in Fig. 1 are tilted by 45° relative to each other. The zero point of the tilt angle is defined such that the magnetization direction of one magnet 4a points in, and that of the other magnet 4b points opposite, the air gap direction 9 (the direction toward and normal to the displacement plane 8).

[0042] Hall sensors (in the magnetic field sensor unit 3) can be used to measure the position of specific components. For this purpose, magnets 4a, 4b are mounted on the components, whose magnetic fields or components are measured by the sensor 3, which is fixed in space. The displacement path 6 of the magnet 4a, 4b is represented in a simulation by measuring the magnetic field 12 along an evaluation path (evaluation path / measurement path 6). This path reflects the relative movement between the magnets 4a, 4b and the sensor 3. The course of the magnetic field 12 along this path thus corresponds to the signal measured by the sensor 3 when the magnet 4a, 4b moves. For linear position sensors, the arctangent of the individual components of the magnetic field 12 is calculated to obtain a bijective signal (see Fig. 5). The goal is for the arctangent function to exhibit a signal that is as linear as possible with the highest possible slope over the entire measurement range 6. The higher the slope, the larger the angular range covered by the signal. Furthermore, the magnetic field 12 must be strong enough under all tolerance conditions to reliably trigger the sensor 3.

[0043] In principle, the system reacts particularly sensitively to changes in the air gap 9. Other tolerances have only a very minor influence on the sensor signal. Therefore, the magnets 4a, 4b are arranged during operation relative to the magnetic field sensor unit 3 in such a way that an arctangent signal is obtained that reacts insensitively to variations in the air gap 9. These variations are caused by geometric tolerances. Furthermore, the magnitude of the magnetic flux density should not decrease significantly. In the specific application, the dynamic air gap tolerances are + / -0.67 mm. Due to the installation space, the distance between the two magnets 4a, 4b is limited to 7 mm.

[0044] In the case that sensor 3 has been calibrated to the nominal state, the displacement error provides the displacement difference that sensor 3 incorrectly detects when the maximum dynamic air gap tolerance is reached during operation. For the non-tilted magnet 4a, 4b, the maximum displacement error that must be considered in the design is 0.25 mm, since the difference between the minimum and maximum values must be considered. The magnitude of the magnetic flux density in these cases is between 28 mT and 45 mT.

[0045] By tilting the magnets 4a, 4b away from each other by 45°, as in Fig.As shown in Figure 4, the displacement error of the dynamic air gap tolerance is further reduced. In this case, which is not optimized with regard to the tilt angle, the maximum error is approximately 0.145 mm. At the same time, the covered angular range is reduced from 140° to approximately 110°, which is sufficient for the sensor 3 used. The magnitude of the magnetic flux density in these cases is between 25 mT and 44 mT. Tilting the magnets 4a, 4b away from each other therefore does not cause a significant change in the magnitude of the magnetic flux density. By constructively tilting the magnets 4a, 4b in the double-block arrangement, it is possible to specifically modify the magnetic field 12 within a small installation space. Depending on the boundary conditions, the magnets 4a, 4b can be tilted towards or away from each other. As previously shown, tilting them away from each other can reduce the displacement error of the air gap tolerance without weakening the magnetic field 12.However, this results in a reduction in the angular range. By tilting the magnets 4a and 4b relative to each other, the displacement error can also be reduced. In this case, it is only 0.09 mm. In return, the magnitude of the magnetic flux density lies between 13 mT and 41 mT. However, the angular range expands to 180°. Furthermore, it can be noted that tilting the magnets 4a and 4b can generally influence not only the gradient but also the linearity of the arctangent. This effect depends not only on the magnet size but also, above all, on the magnet spacing. List of reference symbols 1 measuring system 2 switching element 3 Magnetic field sensor unit 4a first magnet 4b second magnet 5 Magnet unit 6 Shift range 7a first dipole axis 7b second dipole axis 8 Shift level 9 Air gap 10 Magnet holding area 11a first partial magnetic field 11b second partial magnetic field 12 Magnetic field / total magnetic field 13 Bearing bush 14 X-direction arrow of the magnetic field sensor unit 15 Y-direction arrow of the magnetic field sensor unit

Claims

[1] Actuating device with a measuring system (1) for detecting a displacement position of a switching element (2), with a magnetic field sensor unit (3) designed to detect at least two directional components of a magnetic field, and with a magnet unit (5) having two magnets (4a, 4b) and prepared for connection to the switching element (2), wherein the magnet unit (5) is arranged relative to the magnetic field sensor unit (3) in such a way that a multi-dimensionally oriented magnetic field generated by the magnets (4a, 4b) can be detected by the magnetic field sensor unit (3) in a specific displacement range (6) of the magnet unit (5), and wherein the two magnets (4a, 4b) are arranged and / or designed relative to one another in such a way that a first dipole axis (7a) connecting a north pole and a south pole of the first magnet (4a) is inclined to a second,a dipole axis (7b) connecting a north pole and a south pole of the second magnet (4b) is aligned, wherein the two magnets (4a, 4b) are arranged relative to each other such that the first dipole axis (7a) is aligned at an angle between 25° and 90° relative to the second dipole axis (7b), , characterized by that the two magnets (4a, 4b) are arranged such that the first dipole axis (7a) and / or the second dipole axis (7b) are / is aligned at an angle between 30° and 80° obliquely to a displacement plane (8) within which the magnets (4a, 4b) are arranged displaceably relative to the magnetic field sensor unit (3). [2] Actuating device according to claim 1, characterized by that the actuating device is designed as part of a torque transmitting device. [3] Actuating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that the first magnet (4a) and / or the second magnet (4b) are / is a permanent magnet. [4] Actuating device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized by that the first magnet (4a) and / or the second magnet (4b) are block-shaped or rod-shaped. [5] Actuating device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by that the first magnet (4a) is arranged relative to the second magnet (4b) such that the first dipole axis (7a) and the second dipole axis (7b) of these two magnets (4a, 4b) lie on a common plane. [6] Actuating device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by that the magnetic field sensor unit (3) has a multi-dimensional Hall sensor. [7] Actuating device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized bythat an evaluation unit is connected to the magnetic field sensor unit (3) in a data-transmitting manner, wherein the evaluation unit is designed to calculate an arctangent value of two measurement data values of different directions detected by the magnetic field sensor unit (3). [8] Actuating device according to claim 7, characterized by that the two magnets (4a, 4b) are arranged relative to each other in such a way that a detected arctangent curve within the specific displacement range (6) has an approximately linear relationship with the displacement path. [9] Switching device for selecting and / or engaging / disengaging a gear ratio of a motor vehicle transmission, with a movable switching element (2) and an actuating device according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the magnet unit (5) is fixedly connected to the switching element (2) and the magnetic field sensor unit (3) is connected to a section fixed to the housing and the magnet unit (5) and the magnetic field sensor unit (3) are arranged relative to one another in such a way that a displacement range (6) of the switching element (2) can be fully detected during operation.

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