Blanket, especially horse blanket

Abstract

Blanket for any use, in particular horse blanket (1) which covers the horse's back, characterized by a blanket which is at least partially -made of carbon fibers and / or carbon threads and / or -from graphene and / or -consists of carbon nanotubes.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a blanket, in particular a horse blanket.

[0002] Blankets are mostly used to keep people warm, but also animals, often horses and dogs. In the case of horses, they are called horse corners.

[0003] Horse blankets come in a variety of designs. There are blankets for keeping horses warm, but also blankets for rain, sun, or insect protection.

[0004] There are fly rugs and eczema rugs. Fly rugs are designed to keep flies and similar insects away. Eczema rugs are designed to protect sensitive horses from skin irritation. Skin irritation can be caused by contact with irritants or by insect bites / stings.

[0005] These blankets, for example, consist of an open mesh or net, whereby these blankets are open or closed at the stomach.

[0006] Summerrain blankets, for example, have a closed back and a mesh or net on the sides to provide rain protection.

[0007] There are outdoor blankets that are lightweight and protect against rain.

[0008] These blankets can also be open or closed on the stomach.

[0009] Winter blankets differ from the outdoor blankets in that they are heavy-duty and provide sufficient protection for horses even in cold weather.

[0010] Textiles are measured by their so-called grammage, which is the weight per square meter. Heavyweight versions have a grammage of up to 400 grams per square meter.

[0011] There are a variety of shapes and designs. of horse blankets is known from the state of the art. The selection of a particular type or style of blanket can be influenced by a number of variables. These variables include, for example, --the size of the horse, --the climate in which the blanket is to be worn, --whether the horse will spend most of its time indoors or outdoors --how long the blanket should be worn.

[0012] The size of horse blankets varies greatly and ranges from very small, light blankets to relatively large blankets with a higher surface weight --Stable blankets to horse blankets for Racehorses being kept warm while cooling down after training --to turnout rugs, which are among the largest of all types of horse rugs. Turnout rugs are designed to protect a horse in cold climates and adverse weather conditions. -to blankets designed to prevent a horse from losing its condition because it has to expend large amounts of energy to keep warm.

[0013] One of the main problems with turnout rugs and rugs of similar size and depth is that they restrict the horse's freedom of movement. This means that the horse's legroom can be restricted by the rug.

[0014] Colloquially, the visible part of the leg is called the horse's leg. Colloquially, a distinction is made between the foreleg and the hindleg. Anatomically speaking, the visible part of the foreleg is the forearm. The forearm is connected to the humerus or upper arm via the elbow joint. The upper arm is connected to the shoulder blade via another joint. This additional joint is called the posterior joint. The forearm is connected to the cannon bone, pastern bone, and coffin bone below.

[0015] Legroom can be particularly compromised if the horse blanket is pulled tight under the belly. Straps can be used for this purpose. Other parts of the horse blanket can also be pulled under the belly. Parts of the horse blanket can also become problematic if the fasteners between the front and hind legs are closed on opposite edges of the blanket. This can prevent the horse from moving its legs freely, which can lead to friction-related injuries in the affected areas when the horse is exercising or when the blanket is worn for extended periods. The injuries that occur in these cases affect very sensitive areas of the horse's body, and it is not uncommon that these areas become infected. In working horses, competitive horses, and school horses, this will result in prolonged inactivity while the wounds heal, as it is recommended not to saddle the horse if the tack comes into contact with the affected areas.

[0016] Similarly, serious injuries caused by friction in competition horses prevent the horse from being trained and shown at competitions, resulting in long Inactivity of the horse and the resulting loss of condition, lack of exercise and lack of care while the wounds heal.

[0017] In addition to restricting leg movement, blankets also restrict the horse's normal body movements, which can lead to discomfort in the neck and back area. Any vertebra in the spine can be affected.

[0018] A horse can turn in three planes and This leads to three types of spinal movements: extension / flexion, lateral bending, and axial rotation. A horse blanket is known to have a gusset that allows the horse's front legs more freedom of movement than a blanket without such a structure. The additional material of the gusset expands to adapt the blanket to the horse's movement, and consequently, there is less Resistance to leg movement when the blanket is attached and tightened, However, the well-known walking crease does not exclude all possibilities of friction injuries.

[0019] For example, there is still the possibility that the horse blanket will get caught between the horse's inside legs and its body when the horse moves.

[0020] A horse blanket is described in Australian Patent No. 553401 that has a shoulder opening covered by loose flaps designed to form pleats. The pleats allow the natural forward thrust of the shoulder as the horse moves. However, this blanket is not suitable for cold climates because the shoulder openings leave the horse's shoulder area exposed to the elements. Furthermore, this blanket does not solve the problem of restricting the horse's normal bending movements, as described above.

[0021] Current horse blankets may have side padding to protect the neck (state of the art). However, pressure is still exerted on the horse's withers from above.

[0022] In addition to restricting leg movement, current blankets cause tension, friction, hair breakage, and often pressure on the horse's fetlock joint. This is the area where the front of the chest meets the horse's side (around the corner, so to speak). The movement of the fetlock joint is usually visible under the coat on the side of the horse in a crescent shape.

[0023] The chest closure of a horse blanket constricts the base of a horse's neck. Especially when the horse lowers its neck to eat, pressure is exerted on the base of the neck above the chest.

[0024] Horse blankets should be comfortable for the horse, but not too loose. If the blankets are too loose, they restrict the horse's movement. Likewise, a blanket that is too tight will restrict the horse's movement. In addition, a blanket that is too tight can lead to chafing. To avoid chafing on the horse's front legs, it is well known to place a walking fold in the blanket there. The term "front leg" is untechnical for veterinarians. For veterinarians, the visible front leg consists of the forearm, the capsule joint, the cannon bone, the fetlock joint, and the coronary bone. Less visible are the other parts of the front leg. Elbow joint, upper arm, shoulder / bow joint, shoulder blade

[0025] The bones of the fetlock joint can be felt under the horse's coat. The fetlock joint protrudes. The movement of the fetlock joint can be clearly seen, even under the coat.

[0026] The fetlock joint is located on the left and right side of the horse, corresponding to the left and right front leg.

[0027] Typically, the pleat on the blanket lying on the horse runs essentially vertically along the upper arm of the horse's leg when it is standing up. The pleat is created by a cut in the horse blanket from its bottom edge upwards. In the usual design, a folded section is located behind the cut, which unfolds when the front leg (forearm) presses against the horse blanket during movement.

[0028] While the walking pleat offers an advantage, it was recognized that there is still a risk of chafing in the horse's chest area, specifically in the area of ​​the fetlock joints. The invention attributes this to the fact that the sections of the horse blanket on either side of the horse's body are secured with straps in front of the horse's chest. If cut accordingly, the horse blanket can overlap the horse's chest at the front.

[0029] This risk of chafing exists not only with a pleat in the horse blanket, but also without a pleat in the horse blanket.

[0030] Preferably, the horse blanket should have some flexibility at the left and right fetlock joints. Various options for creating flexibility are available.

[0031] Preferably, the horse blanket is provided with at least one flexible insert in the area of ​​the forearm joints, which at least facilitates the bulging of the horse blanket in the area of ​​the forearm joints when the forearm joints move. Preferably, an opening is provided in the horse blanket for the insert.

[0032] The insert is preferably attached to the inside of the horse blanket.

[0033] The use can consist of -another material that is more flexible than the surrounding material of the horse blanket, whereby the insert bulges under the pressure of the fetlock joint and the other material has no more than 30% less, preferably no more than 20% less, even more preferably no more than 10% and most preferably the same functional properties as the surrounding material of the horse blanket. For a horse blanket that is supposed to protect against rain, this refers to the water penetration in the event of continuous rainfall of 100 liters per square meter within 24 hours. For a horse blanket that is supposed to protect against heat loss, this refers to the heat loss in kWh at an outside temperature of 0 degrees Celsius within 24 hours. For a fly sheet, this refers to the mesh size in mm.

[0034] The insert can be integrated into the surrounding material of the horse blanket -woven -or sewn in -or trapped -or glued in -or welded in. The flexible insert that comes with each cutout for a snout joint in the horse blanket should cover the opening in the snout joint area in all opening positions / curvatures. The insert is preferably placed inside, i.e., on the side of the horse blanket facing the horse.

[0035] The insert can be rectangular or oval or other shape,

[0036] All shapes are suitable. Shapes for the inserts that make folding or attaching the insert easier, for example, are advantageous. The use of multi-part inserts can also be advantageous. While multi-part inserts may involve more work than single-piece inserts, they make attaching to the horse blanket much easier and may have other advantages. Other advantages may include rationalization benefits. For example, the same inserts can be used for different horse blankets and / or for horse blankets with different cutouts / openings and / or with different cutouts / opening arrangements. If horse blankets with specific / different sizes are available, the different sizes can be provided with either the same inserts or groups of the same inserts.This concept assumes that the resulting flexor joint movement always follows a similar pattern. Deviations in the movement and its position are limited.

[0037] Multi-part inserts also offer further rationalization possibilities. For example, the inserts can consist of a fold (e.g., folded film) and a tight edging of the fold. The tight connection of an edging to a fold and the subsequent tight connection of the edging to the horse blanket are much easier than the direct, tight connection of the fold to the horse blanket.

[0038] Optionally, the inserts can also be combined with different cutouts / openings in the horse blanket. It can be advantageous for the horse blankets to have adjustable cutouts / openings. Adjustable cutouts / openings can be created, for example, with zippers at the cutouts / openings. Adjustable cutouts / openings can also be created with at least one cross seam at slit-shaped openings in the horse blanket. The cross seam can be easily cut open to adjust the desired slit length. Preferably, several spaced cross seams are provided. This allows for gradual adjustment of the slit length. The preferred distance is between 5 and 25 cm, and more preferably between 10 and 20 cm.

[0039] Instead of zippers and cross-stitching, clips can also be used. The clips can be made of metal, but plastic clips are preferred.

[0040] Hook-and-loop fasteners between the edges of the horse blanket's openings can also be used to adjust the openings. Hook-and-loop fasteners are a common method in horse blankets.

[0041] The adjustability of the openings can be applied to the openings at the bow joint / bow joint pleats as well as to the well-known walking pleats.

[0042] It's advantageous if the insert has dimensions that make it suitable for all horse blanket sizes. This streamlines production and facilitates inventory management. An insert suitable for all horse blanket sizes is created when the insert designed for the largest horse blanket can also be installed in smaller horse blankets. An advantage arises when an insert can be installed in a few horse blankets, rather than all horse blankets. Even an insert that is only suitable for two different horse blankets has advantages.

[0043] The connection to the surrounding material of the horse blanket can be made directly or indirectly via spacers.

[0044] Optionally, the connection with the surrounding material can also be provided with a -Reinforcement strips -or a cover strip,

[0045] Optionally, a binding is provided along the edges of the insert and / or the corresponding edges of the horse blanket. The binding can be formed by a strip of material enclosing the cut edge. Alternatively, the material can be folded over or doubled at the edge. Stitching, knitting, or flanging the edges is also possible.

[0046] To position the inserts, the horse blanket in question can be provided with corresponding recesses / slits / cuts.

[0047] It may be advantageous to extend the cutouts to the edge of the horse blanket. This is preferably the edge where the blanket touches the horse's neck.

[0048] A cutout extending to the neck edge of the horse blanket can simplify / facilitate the production of the horse blanket. It should be noted that cutting in industrial production is particularly cost-effective when the cutting tool does not have to be offset, and especially when different cutting tools are not used. These manufacturing advantages can also arise if the desired bulge at the neck joint is spaced away from the neck edge of the horse blanket.

[0049] The associated cutting of the horse blanket material between the cutout for the insert and the neck-side edge of the horse blanket material in this process creates additional edges / cut edges on the horse blanket. These edges / cut edges can be created with a small or larger gap. These edges / cut edges are preferably reconnected. For this purpose, the insert can overlap this interface with a corresponding projection. Even more preferably, the connection of both edges / cut edges creates a seal if the horse blanket needs to be watertight.

[0050] Even more preferably, the neck-side interface of the recess / opening is covered with a strap. The strap is firmly attached to the horse blanket material. The strap can also have other functions. It is advantageous if the strap can be tensioned and the tension forces are directed at least in part on the part of the horse blanket that usually rests on the horse's withers. The forces that spread in the direction / alignment of the strap in the material of the horse blanket are crucial. Even small tension forces can be sufficient to prevent the horse blanket from slipping backwards on the horse. In order to advantageously direct the tension force of the strap in the desired direction onto the withers, the strap covering the neck-side interface is designed to be slightly spaced from the neck-side edge of the horse blanket.Particularly favorable conditions arise when the girth is positioned far enough so that it extends past the neck edge of the horse's blanket. The gap can be, for example, 3 to 12 cm, preferably 5 to 10 cm.

[0051] Every horse blanket has at least two straps, one on one side of the horse and the other on the other side when the blanket is being worn. Both straps are connected to each other in front of the horse's chest to form a chest fastener. Hooks, buckles, and Velcro fasteners are suitable for this connection. Buckles and Velcro fasteners make it easy to adjust the chest fastener to the horse's specific dimensions. For chest fasteners with hooks, multi-part straps are advantageous, as the length between the hooks and the connection to the horse blanket material can be adjusted using buckles or Velcro. The buckles and Velcro fasteners can be used for fine adjustment of the chest fastener and allow the chest fastener to be hooked on quickly and easily without any special care.

[0052] Preferably, the openings / recesses / slits / cuts for the inserts and their position in the horse blanket are adapted to the horse for which the horse blanket is intended. Horse blankets are usually pre-made in different sizes. Each size is designed for horses with specific measurements. In this case, the inserts are selected so that the insert used for a size covers all the fetlock joint movements that occur in the horses for which the size is intended.

[0053] For a system of horse blankets in different sizes, this means that different sizes of horse blankets can be connected to one another, with each size allowing a variety of positions and movements of the front joints. Each size should preferably allow for different deviations in the position of the front joints of at least 20mm, preferably at least 40mm, even more preferably at least 80mm, and most preferably at least 160mm.

[0054] Optionally, each snout / opening in a horse blanket can also be designed to open when the snout moves. This can be achieved by making cuts in the horse blanket, provided a flexible insert is provided under or behind the cut. Even a simple longitudinal cut can provide a sufficient opening width to prevent chafing at the snout joints, as described in the invention.

[0055] Preferably, such a cut runs at an angle of 30 to 75 degrees, more preferably at 40 to 65 degrees, and most preferably at 45 to 60 degrees to the horizontal with the horse standing, without any bulging through the horse's fetlock joint, i.e., in the situation where the cut edges are adjacent. In this situation, no bulging of the horse blanket through the fetlock joint has yet occurred.

[0056] The angles indicated above refer to a horse blanket with a pleat on each side of the horse. For horse blankets without pleats, a slightly steeper cut for the cutout / opening is preferred to prevent harmful chafing at the fetlock joint. The angle determining the steeper cut can be 10 to 20 degrees greater than the above angle for horse blankets with pleats, and preferably 12 to 17 degrees greater than the above angle for horse blankets with pleats. The advantages of a steeper cut are attributed to the fact that horse blankets without pleats exhibit different deformation behavior than those with pleats.

[0057] It is well known that the movement of the horse's chest joints when the horse is walking is approximately crescent-shaped, with the crescent inclined to the horizontal. By adapting to this shape, the width of the desired cut opening can be kept smaller than with other cuts. The cut can be straight and / or curved.

[0058] Alternatively, the cut can be made along a meandering line. This creates slit edges / cut edges with bulges and indentations, so that the bulges of one cut edge extend into the indentations of the opposite cut edge. Such cut edges bulge even more easily than straight cut edges.

[0059] The flexibility material optionally consists at least partially of a pleated material and / or is laid in one or more folds.

[0060] The folds can take different shapes. These include creases and folds with a bending radius that protects the material.

[0061] Pleats that only unfold slightly when the bulge occurs in the area of ​​the hip joint are also advantageous. The higher the pleats, the less the necessary unfolding is to achieve the desired flexibility. Furthermore, the greater the number of pleats, the less the necessary unfolding becomes. Then each pleat only needs to make a small contribution to the necessary unfolding. For this purpose, the pleats can be arranged in a row like a bellows.

[0062] Optionally, multiple folds can also be arranged together. For example, interlocking folds can be found in the use of tubular, slit sections or in the use of film strips folded like flat tubular sections cut and slit from continuous tubes.

[0063] The folds run at least approximately in the direction of the cut. This is, for example, a film or textile that unfolds easily, even when using a large number of folds. The folds should be folded over at the edge to secure the insert to the horse blanket, for example, by sewing, gluing, or welding.

[0064] A prefabricated flexible insert can also be used. This prefabricated insert is advantageous for the production of specific clothing sizes because the same flexible inserts can be used for multiple clothing sizes.

[0065] Multi-part inserts consisting of a frame-shaped film part and a folded part can also be advantageous. The folded part is connected to the frame-shaped part, for example, by welding, so that the frame-shaped part protrudes with an edge on all sides and can be connected to the edge of the horse blanket. When connecting the folded part to the frame-shaped part, the folds can be folded over and tightly glued or welded. Tight sewing is also possible.

[0066] For example, an insert prepared in this way can be sewn, glued, or welded to the horse blanket. Sewing, gluing, or welding usually takes place during installation, preferably to create a waterproof seal. The flexibility of such inserts also depends on the number and size of the folds. The more folds and the larger the folds, the greater the flexibility.

[0067] Preferably, the pleat spacing should be between 2 and 20 mm, and preferably between 7 and 15 cm. The higher the pleats, the fewer the number of pleats can be. At a maximum pleat height, the number of pleats can be reduced to one.

[0068] Preferably, the horse blanket has a differently folded insert under the cut for the bow joint movement, which unfolds when the horse blanket opens at the cut point due to the movement of the bow joint.

[0069] Preferably, the insert is designed so that it can be used for slits / cuts in the horse blanket that vary in length and / or width. This offers significant advantages for use.

[0070] Even more preferably, the insert has the shape of a flat, slotted tube.

[0071] The tube can be placed on the outside of the horse blanket. This can be justified by the desire for easier deformability and, if necessary, for the tube to recover more easily after deformation, or perhaps due to fashion.

[0072] Preferably, the hose is arranged in a concealed position under the horse blanket in order to maintain the smoothest possible covering at that point and to protect the flexibility element from heavy soiling that occurs when horses roll around.

[0073] The hose section can be cut from a longer hose and slit lengthwise, or a flat part can be folded so that it corresponds to the slitted hose shape.

[0074] The flat, slitted tube section also possesses a degree of flexibility, allowing it to be used as a flexible insert. The flat, slitted tube section requires extremely little space and, depending on its dimensions, offers a very large flexibility range. The flat, slitted tube section preferably has a minimum width of 8 cm. Taking into account the seam widths at the cut edges, this results in a somewhat smaller flexibility range. The design options for the flexibility range can be particularly advantageous if the cut edges of the tube section or the corresponding edges of a folded strip of material lie on the corresponding cut edges in the horse blanket, where the insert is connected to the horse blanket.

[0075] The longer the slit, the easier it opens to accommodate the movement of the bow joint.

[0076] The longer the slit, the longer the corresponding insert becomes. The slitted tubes according to the invention, or the films or textiles that can be folded into a similar structure, are particularly suitable for this purpose. Such tubes, films, or textiles can be cut to length from so-called continuous material. Continuous material is usually available in rolls.

[0077] Slits and tubular inserts are limited by the dimensions of the horse blanket.

[0078] Preferably, the slit width is selected so that the slit edges / cut edges of the slit (in the initial position without bulging due to movement of the bow joint) lie slightly flush against each other. This prevents the penetration of dirt and moisture.

[0079] This can be achieved with a tubular, slitted insert by aligning the slit of the tube with the cut in the horse blanket and then welding, gluing, or sewing the edges of the tube under the edges of the horse blanket. This is particularly effective when the cut edges of the tube are flush with the cut edges of the horse blanket.

[0080] Instead of endless tubing, strips of material can be used that are folded to correspond to the carved tubing sections explained above.

[0081] The hose is a very simple and cost-effective component. It is also very easy to process and install. The hose can be sized to overlap the edge of the horse blanket at the cutout at one end and also at the other end. In the overlap area, the slitted hose can be sewn, glued, clamped, or welded to the corresponding edge of the horse blanket. This is advantageous if a cut / slit is provided in the horse blanket for a hock joint. The cut edges / slit edges of the horse blanket can then be connected to the edges of the slit in the hose. This can be done by sewing, gluing, or welding, for example.

[0082] During the joining process, the tubular and slitted insert is positioned under the horse blanket so that the folded edges are flush with the horse blanket. During sewing, the sewing tools grip under the bound edges. At the same time, the sewing tools overlap the upper side of the horse blanket edges, so that the edges to be joined lie between the two sewing tools and can be sewn in the conventional manner.

[0083] When welding, it is important that the edges to be joined are weldable. Weldability can be achieved by using horse blankets and inserts made of weldable material or by making the edges weldable. Weldability can be achieved by incorporating weldable components, but also by pre-applying weldable strips to the cut edges / slit edges of the horse blanket and insert.

[0084] For welding, the welding material is applied between the two slit edges / cut edges to be joined. A low welding pressure is then applied to complete the welding process.

[0085] When gluing, it's not the weldability that counts, but the adhesive strength. The adhesive strength depends on the quality of the horse blanket or insert and the adhesive used. The adhesive is selected based on the material properties.

[0086] For bonding, the adhesive is applied between the cut surfaces / slits to be joined. Afterward, a slight pressure is usually sufficient to complete the bonding process.

[0087] It is advantageous if the cut line / slit line in the horse blanket runs exactly parallel to the cut line / slit line in the tube. Under pressure from the horse's forearm joints, the cuts / slits in the horse blanket can open, relieving pressure on the forearm joints. This causes the cut edges of the horse blanket running in the direction of movement to bulge upwards. The cut edges of the tube section connected to these cut edges also bulge upwards.

[0088] At the same time, the slit / cut is kept closed by the insert attached under the horse blanket.

[0089] Preferably, the length of the tube is dimensioned such that the folded ends of the tube can be connected to the horse blanket over the full width when installed in the horse blanket, without significantly hindering the bulging of the cut edges / slit edges.

[0090] Instead of the slitted tube, a film or suitable textile can be used, which is folded into numerous folds. The folded film is positioned under the cut of the horse blanket and sewn or clamped, or welded.

[0091] The fold can be small, creating an accordion-like fold. To connect the horse blanket to the cut edges, the folds are folded over, at least in the seam area. Folding over the seam area facilitates a tight connection. Conditions for a tight connection are particularly favorable when the folds are high enough so that each folded fold butts up against the adjacent folded fold. This eliminates any gaps / holes that would need to be closed with adhesive, weld metal, or other suture material to create a waterproof connection.

[0092] The folds may remain outside the seam area described above.

[0093] The pleats can point inward. At least when using a single pleat, this can also extend outward between the cut edges.

[0094] Optionally, each insert can also be extended to an edge of the horse blanket. This edge can be the edge that forms the bottom edge when the horse is standing. The bottom edge of the horse blanket is usually bound with a edging. The edging can then also encompass the insert at the overlapping edge.

[0095] Depending on the size of the horse blanket, it may also happen that the cut / slit for use reaches up to the fold in the horse blanket if it has a pleat.

[0096] If the pleat of the horse blanket and / or the pleat-side edge of the horse blanket are provided with a binding, the cut / slit for the flexible insert can also be enclosed by the binding for the pleat and the corresponding edge of the horse blanket.

[0097] The upper edge of the horse blanket can also be the edge of the horse blanket that rests on the horse's neck and / or overlaps in front of the horse's chest. This edge also usually has a border. It is advantageous if the edge of the horse blanket is padded at the withers. There are two fascia points there that can be squeezed by the edge of the horse blanket and cause the horse to tense up. This is especially true if the girth of the horse blanket is tight on the horse's chest. The padding according to the invention counteracts this. Various materials are suitable as padding. The withers pad is preferably made of the same or a similar material to the saddle pads. This applies to both the quality and the thickness: width (across the horse's length) and length (lengthwise the horse's length). The padding is preferably made of a spacer fabric.Spacer textiles have spaced textile layers that are connected to each other by so-called pile threads and kept at a distance.

[0098] Even more preferably, the spacer textile is at least partially a spacer fabric or at least partially a woven fabric or a combination of woven fabric and spacer fabric.

[0099] The term "spacer fabric" in the following also includes multi-layer products in which two layers enclose a third layer between them, the mesh size of which is at least three times, preferably at least six times, and even more preferably at least nine times larger than the mesh size of the outer layers. The thickness of the intermediate layer can be any desired size up to 20 mm, preferably up to 15 mm, and even more preferably up to 10 mm, as long as the intermediate layer has a flexibility that is no more than 10%, preferably no more than 20%, of the flexibility of a comparable spacer fabric in the area between the spaced outer layers. Comparable means that the blankets must have the same function, for example protection from insects or rain or UV radiation or cold.

[0100] In addition, the term “spacer textile” also includes textiles other than knitted fabrics, for example woven fabrics, nonwovens, knitwear, braids, knits, crochets, needlework, bobbins, felt, spun fabric

[0101] The spacer fabric can be adapted to a desired function of the horse blanket.

[0102] Where ventilation between the coat and the outer surface of the horse blanket is beneficial, a spacer fabric can be placed. This is the case, for example, with horse blankets worn in cold weather. Ventilation can prevent condensation of moist air on the horse blanket, which leads to undesirable moisture penetration into the coat.

[0103] Where the horse needs to sweat off, a combination of a velour fabric and a spacer fabric can be useful, for example. The velour fabric absorbs the horse's sweat very well and transfers it to the spacer fabric layer, where the horse's sweat can evaporate and be dissipated. Velour fabrics consist of a fabric with protruding threads.

[0104] The width and length of the withers are preferably chosen so that the padding rests very lightly on the withers. The contact pressure also depends on the contact surface. A larger surface with a -Width of 15 to 45 cm, even more preferably 20 to 40 cm. This refers to the illustrated half of the horse blanket. The same padding is provided for the corresponding second half of the horse blanket. With a withers pad extending in one piece over both halves, across the withers toward the shoulders, the above width dimensions are doubled to 30 to 90 cm, even more preferably to 40 to 80 cm, while the length dimensions remain unchanged. -Length from 15 to 45 cm, even more preferably from 20 to 40 cm without special requirements for the horse blanket, but for fly rugs and exemer rugs from 45 to 75 cm, even more preferably 50 to 70 cm.

[0105] The horse blanket has the following advantages: -allows the horse to move more freely without tension on the fetlock joint and pressure on the withers -possible composition of a front section and a rear section, wherein the front and rear sections are connected together at the centerline of the ceiling to form a hinged flexible connection between them around which the ceiling rotates. -where the joint forming connection is positioned in front of the withers of the horse towards the neck, e.g. the saddle knob on positioned at the horse's withers -Joint facilitates up and down movements, lateral movements as well as rotational movements of the front part relative to the hind part in response to the horse's movements.

[0106] The flexible additional fold for the fetlock joint is positioned in the front joint area of ​​the blanket, where the horse's chest meets the side shoulder / torso area. The additional space prevents chafing and tension on the fetlock joint located there, which moves in a semicircle as the animal walks. -The chest closure features an additional intermediate element that connects the right and left blanket sections at the front, above the chest. This intermediate element sits slightly lower to allow sufficient space for the neckline, even when the neck is lowered. -There is a pad on the withers to reduce pressure on this raised part of the back, which represents the transition from the horse's back to the horse's neck. -freer movement of the horse during use

[0107] Horse blankets are available in single-layer and multi-layer versions. Multi-layered blankets are distinguished between an outer layer and an inner layer. Intermediate layers may also be used. The inner layer is referred to as the lining / lining. The inner layer can be single-layer or multi-layered. Multi-layering is present, for example, when the lining has a silk lining on the horse's side and a flexible layer of fibers on the opposite side. Multi-layering is also present when the flexible layer is covered with another textile on the outside.

[0108] The invention aims to improve conventional ceilings. According to the invention, this is achieved with the features of the main claim.

[0109] Textiles made entirely or partially of carbon are used. A spacer textile is preferred. The carbon can be applied by: -Carbon fibers or carbon threads or carbon fabrics (also called carbon fibers or carbon threads or carbon fabrics) and / or -Graphenes form and / or -Carbon nanotubes form and / or -Fullerenes form

[0110] Even more preferably, carbon filaments / fibers, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and fullerenes are used in combination with other materials. The carbon filaments / fibers, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and fullerenes form carbon products with specific properties. Combining these carbon products with fibers and filaments from other products involves hybridization, which leads to a new product with different properties.

[0111] The subclaims describe preferred embodiments.

[0112] The advantages of this carbon application are: -Excellent thermal conductivity. As a result, heat can be quickly and effectively distributed throughout the body. This significantly increases well-being. -Antibacterial effect. Carbon protects against many bacteria. -high electrical conductivity -low specific gravity -high strength -Various processing options: into fibers and threads, in or on fibers and threads, in or on textiles, in or on upholstery material, and in or on filling material. The fibers can be used as a blending component for the production of threads from which the desired textiles are made.

[0113] Carbon fibers are well-known and commercially available. Carbon fibers are typically obtained from organic raw materials, which are heated in a first processing step until their atomic structure changes. In a second processing step, the material is carbonized at 1300 to 1500 degrees Celsius. This process removes all volatile components from the material. At even higher temperatures (greater than 1800 degrees Celsius), graphitization occurs.

[0114] Carbon fibers are made from cellulose, polyacrylonitrile, or pitch. Depending on the production and processing of the fibers, the fiber properties and costs vary. Cellulose-derived fibers are often inexpensive but meet only limited requirements.

[0115] Polyacrylonitrile is often the basis for high-performance fibers. However, inexpensive carbon fibers can also be made from polyacrylonitrile.

[0116] Pitch is one of the cheaper raw materials. However, the available processes for extracting carbon / carbon fibers from pitch are often complex.

[0117] The resulting carbon fibers can have a diameter of, for example, 0.005 to 0.009 mm. For example, 1,000 to 24,000 fibers are used to produce one thread / yarn. The filaments can be combined individually or in groups, even in larger numbers, with other filaments / fibers to form one or more threads. Even one carbon fiber or a few carbon fibers can significantly contribute to improving the thermal conductivity and / or electrical conductivity and / or the specific gravity and / or strength of the desired threads. The threads can be used directly in the production of textiles, including spacer fabrics.

[0118] Carbon fibers can be used in combination with other materials, for example, in a blend with plastics. The plastic can form a matrix into which the carbon fibers are embedded. Various polymers can be used as the matrix, including polypropylene, polyester, and epoxy. Extruders are advantageous for mixing the fibers into the matrix. In the extruder, the plastics are plasticized, and the fibers are incorporated into the plastic mass. Advantageously, the plastic mass can be forced through a forming die. This can be used to create strand-like intermediate products or to fill molds in which final products are manufactured.

[0119] When incorporating carbon fibers / threads into a textile, threads and fibers made from various materials can be used, for example, organic materials and / or plastics. Organic materials include, in particular, all materials already known to be used for this purpose. The same applies to plastics. Preferred materials are olefins, such as polypropylene and polyester, and epoxy.

[0120] Even the use of individual or just a few carbon fiber threads in horse blankets can bring significant benefits. This is especially true for conductivity as a measure of antistatic properties. Using just a few carbon fibers, for example, the electrical conductivity of a polyester horse blanket can be improved to such an extent that the blanket is antistatic. The threads can be incorporated into the blanket. They are easily incorporated into the fabric by weaving them in. Other forms of incorporation are also possible. Or the threads can be sewn on. This can be done in any form and at a later date. Sewing on can also be used to subsequently give a blanket that is unstable on the horse the desired shape stability. Patches on horse blankets are also advantageous where there are wounds or easily irritated skin areas.Advantageously, the threads for the patches can be so thin that they don't add any noticeable bulk. This makes it easier to attach the patches to the inside with carbon threads.

[0121] The greater the number of carbon fibers processed in or on the textile, the more pronounced the properties of the carbon in or on the textile become.

[0122] Graphene is also carbon. However, graphene has a different arrangement of carbon atoms, namely a honeycomb structure. Graphite is considered the starting point for graphene development. Graphite is built up in layers. In each layer, the carbon atoms are arranged in this honeycomb pattern. One way to obtain graphene is to split graphene. Various splitting processes are possible, for example, mechanical, chemical, and ultrasonic. Because the graphite layers are ultrathin, techniques have been developed to capture the detached layers during separation.

[0123] The honeycomb structure in graphene requires five or six carbon atoms that are interconnected. This structure results when carbon is deposited on a support material in a gas-phase separation. After deposition, the support material can be chemically removed, leaving a lattice. Graphene can be used alone or in combination with other materials, particularly in combination with films and / or other supports. Some of the processes are ideal for laboratory testing; for example, because only small quantities of graphene flakes, platelets, or other smaller particles are produced.

[0124] If the quantity of particles produced is large enough, this amount can be used for spraying or in other application processes. Other application methods include extrusion. Co-extrusion is advantageous if application is desired on an extruded, strand-like plastic. Such strand-like, extruded plastics can also be plastic threads from which a textile for a horse blanket is to be made. In co-extrusion, a coating takes place by passing the plastic threads through a ring die. This type of coating has significant manufacturing advantages, including an "endless" coating of "endless" plastic threads. Coated continuous plastic threads are particularly suitable for the production of knitted fabrics in which the entire textile is made from a single thread (endless thread).The advantages of extrusion also include the possible utilization of various carbon particles, for example. -Mixtures with different grain spectrum -small particle size, including dust-like particles -thread-like and fibrous particles.

[0125] In addition, a coating mixture of carbon particles with binders can offer further advantages. Advantageously, extrusion also allows the production of threads from a mixture of plastic and carbon particles. The blending ratios can be selected so that the threads have at least similar properties to coated threads.

[0126] A process for the mass production of graphene is provided by the process according to EP2969943B1. In this process, fissile graphite is placed in a liquid bath, where it is subjected to considerable shearing using suitable stirring tools. In this process, the splitting of graphene-forming lattices can occur. Depending on the shearing, both large-area carbon lattices and small-area carbon lattices, or even small parts of carbon lattices, can be created. Various processing methods are possible for applying graphene to a blanket, particularly a horse blanket. Coating can be used. However, a mixture of graphene and plastic can also be produced and formed into the desired shape. The layers can be -used as panels in the production of horse blankets or -Form the coating of fibers and threads used to make textiles for horse blankets. Extruders can provide significant assistance by applying pressure and temperature. - form a coating on textiles, provided that the textiles are immersed in the suspension or wetted with the suspension or vaporized so that the carbon is deposited on the textiles.

[0127] The above coating can be applied to any type of textile, especially woven, non-woven, and knitted fabrics. If there is only limited adhesion between the textile and the coating, a mechanical and / or chemical surface treatment of the textile is recommended.

[0128] During immersion, the textiles are preferably pulled through a bath. Using suitable means, the textiles are pressed into the suspension to the desired depth. The bath can be a trough. Rollers or metal sheets are suitable for pressing the textiles. The immersion depth determines the proportion of the textile that is / will be coated. If the textile is guided horizontally after immersion, the suspension cannot penetrate further into the textile. Furthermore, drying of the suspension can be assisted by heating and extracting the steam.

[0129] It is also possible to repeat the dipping and drying process several times to increase the layer thickness.

[0130] The suspension can be sprayed using a standard spray head. It can be applied from below, from above, or while the textile is in a vertical or inclined position. When sprayed, the suspension penetrates the textile to a certain extent. Depending on the textile's position, the suspension may not be able to penetrate further, or it may run into the textile.

[0131] Drying can then be carried out in the same way as with immersion.

[0132] It is also possible to spray and dry several times to increase the layer thickness.

[0133] Additional binders can be used to bond the particles together. These binders can also fully or partially replace liquid components of the suspension that are unsuitable as binders or have insufficient binding power. The necessary bonding results from the requirements for the strength of the coating and / or the requirements for adhesion between the coating and the material to be coated.

[0134] The coated material already shows significant electrical conductivity and other advantages of using carbon in horse blankets.

[0135] The carbon content of the blanket determines its effectiveness. Preferably, a carbon content of at least 5% by weight, even more preferably at least 10% by weight, and most preferably at least 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the blanket, is provided. The carbon content can also be greater than 20% by weight, greater than 25% by weight, or greater than 30% by weight.

[0136] To increase the carbon content, the carbon content can be mixed into the plastic matrix of a thread / fiber when the mixture is used to create a thread / fiber. Extruders are particularly suitable for mixing in the carbon. There are various extruder designs. The most common are -Single-screw extruder - Twin-screw extruder -Planetary roller extruder

[0137] Combinations of the same design and combinations of different designs also occur. A combination of the same design occurs, for example, when the feedstock is first processed in a twin-screw extruder and then transferred to a second twin-screw extruder.

[0138] A combination of different designs is created, for example, when the feed material is first taken up in a single-screw extruder and then transferred to a tarpaulin roller extruder.

[0139] With an extruder, carbon particle blends of 50 wt% and more can be achieved. Different particle sizes can be processed, including fine-grained particles, even dust-like particles, and even particle sizes. A particle size range encompasses various grain sizes and shapes of carbon particles. Threads and fibers can also be incorporated into a plastic matrix using an extruder. The carbons that can be incorporated into the plastic matrix include carbon fibers / threads, as well as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and fullerenes.

[0140] During extrusion, the mixture is plasticized in the extruder and forced through a nozzle / die plate. The die plate has numerous nozzle openings. Each nozzle gives the melt the shape of, for example, a thread, a coating for a thread, or a flat layer.

[0141] In the mixture, the properties of the thread depend on the proportion of graphene particles in the mixture. The lower the proportion, the fewer graphene particles will touch each other, or the smaller the conductive cross-section. This impairs the electrical conductivity and the antistatic properties. Conversely, the higher the proportion of graphene particles, the higher the conductivity, or the antistatic properties, the better. To adjust the conductivity of a mixture, it is advisable to measure the conductivity while gradually changing the mixture proportions until the desired level is reached. This applies to a wide variety of mixtures, regardless of the type of extruder.

[0142] Furthermore, it is possible to concentrate the carbon particles around the circumference of the thread. The circumference of an electrically conductive thread exhibits particularly high conductivity. Concentration around the circumference of a thread can be achieved by extruding a mixture with a high graphene content onto the thread. This can advantageously be achieved using an extruder that feeds a ring die. The thread is guided through the central opening of the ring die, while the previously plasticized mixture of plastic with a high graphene content is pressed from the ring die onto the circumferential surface of the thread.

[0143] Even more advantages arise when the thread is extruded simultaneously with the outer layer. This can be referred to as co-extrusion. In this case, a ring die is provided, the central opening of which also serves as a nozzle for extruding the thread.

[0144] During extrusion, pieces of graphene and / or entire lattices and / or pieces of carbon nanotubes and / or fullerenes and / or carbon fibers and / or together can be mixed into plastic.

[0145] In large-scale commercial production, a variety of threads can be produced simultaneously. This is particularly suitable for mass production.

[0146] Other processes also suggest the potential for mass production of graphene. These include the production of graphene by subjecting graphite oxide to heat at temperatures of 600 to 1000 degrees Celsius, releasing gas that causes the desired lattice of carbon atoms to split off.

[0147] Depending on the process, the graphene is produced in larger or smaller lattice pieces (flakes). Different graphene sizes have different values. Larger graphene pieces are particularly suitable for high-quality applications such as semiconductors. Smaller graphene lattice pieces are suitable for less demanding applications, such as layer formation.

[0148] Mixtures of plastic and carbon fiber / fibers, as well as of plastic and carbon nanotubes, and of plastic and fullerenes, can be processed in the same way as mixtures of plastic and graphene. When carbon particles are referred to below, this includes carbon fibers / fibers / graphene / carbon nanotubes / fullerenes.

[0149] The plastic matrix into which the carbon particles are incorporated preferably consists of polyolefins (e.g. polypropylene) and polyester and epoxy.

[0150] Various circumstances influence the properties of the mixture of plastic and carbon particles -the mixing ratio of carbon and matrix -Form of carbon as carbon fibers / carbon fiber or graphene or carbon tubes or fullerene in the matrix -Particle shape of the carbon, in particular diameter and length of the fibers, thickness and planar shape of pieces of graphene or carbon nanotubes or fullerenes -Particle size -Distribution of the carbon particles. When it comes to electrical conductivity and / or UV resistance, particularly good results are achieved by concentrating the carbon particles around the periphery of the plastic threads. However, if high thermal conductivity is desired, a uniform distribution of the particles throughout the mixture can be achieved.

[0151] Not only the mixture components, but also the ratio of the mixture components influences the product properties.

[0152] As far as the conductivity of the mixture is concerned, the same conductivity can be achieved with a lower proportion of graphene as with a higher proportion of carbon / carbon fibers through a different distribution. With regard to conductivity, the proportion of graphene is at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight, even more preferably at least 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the mixture. The proportion can also be more than 25% by weight or more than 30% by weight. In the case of horse blankets, the proportion can be significantly higher. However, horse blankets generally do not require a significantly higher proportion for conductivity (antistatic finish). Rather, for other reasons, for example, compatibility with the horse, a restriction on the proportion by weight of carbon / carbon fibers in the mixture may arise. This applies particularly to horses with eczema and to horses with open wounds.

[0153] If a risk of incompatibility is identified, the reason for this may be tiny particles that arise during the processing of the threads and fibers. This applies particularly to respiratory dust. According to the invention, the threads and textiles made from them are agitated / fulled and / or aerated to release and blow out loose and dispersible particles.

[0154] Moving / fulled involves at least a 5-fold bend, preferably at least a 10-fold bend with a bending radius of at least 5 cm, preferably at least 10 cm. For this purpose, a series of bending rollers are arranged one behind the other. The textiles are guided back and forth around the rollers for bending.

[0155] When blowing out, compressed air is preferably blown against the textile at a pressure of at least 0.5 bar, preferably at least 1 bar.

[0156] Alternatively, a coating can be applied instead of or in addition to the movement / blowing of microparticles. The coating is preferably applied after the suspension has dried on the textile or within the textile. The coating can bind microparticles and soften any possible spikes in the textile. The coating can be applied to the entire textile or to parts of it. Partial coating can cover the entire textile coating. The coating can also be limited to the contact surface of the textile with the horse.

[0157] The varnish can be applied in the same way as the suspension.

[0158] Optionally, the paint is a carbon finish with high UV protection.

[0159] Due to the superior properties of graphene, threads and textiles made with graphene are superior to those made with carbon fibers / threads. This is attributed to the perfection of the graphene lattice structure described above. Carbon nanotubes and fullerenes are based on graphene and possess its lattice structure.

[0160] A less favorable lattice structure is observed in carbon fibers / filaments. This is attributed to a different starting material and / or a different heat treatment of the starting material. The different heat treatment allows for a wider range of starting materials.

[0161] The mixture of carbon particles with plastic already creates a composite material, from which threads, yarns, and similar materials used in the production of textiles can be advantageously produced. This can be achieved using known processes, for example, weaving, knitting, etc. Other applicable processes include the production of felt or fleece.

[0162] In the production of a textile, the fibers / threads containing carbon particles described above can be used exclusively or partially. When using fibers and threads containing carbon particles exclusively, fibers and threads with the same carbon particle loading are preferred. However, fibers / threads with different loadings can also be used.

[0163] Likewise, a combination with other fibers / threads in a textile is possible that are free of any loading with carbon particles.

[0164] A composite material is also created by using textiles with different carbon particle loadings, or by combining textiles with carbon particles with textiles without. During textile production, a carbon particle content of the weight percentage described above is preferably provided in the top layer and / or bottom layer. This includes the combination of textiles of different designs, for example, the combination of a spacer fabric for the bottom layer and a woven fabric for the top layer / top layer.

[0165] When combining a spacer fabric as a base layer with a cover layer containing carbon particles, in particular with a thin graphene cover layer, it is preferably provided that the cover layer is guided around the edge of the spacer fabric or that both edges are covered with a different material.

[0166] The use of cover layers with a higher carbon particle content can be advantageous for increasing and reflecting IR radiation. At the same time, choosing a suitable mesh size can ensure favorable air permeability / vapor permeability.

[0167] The top layer and / or bottom layer can be integral with the other textile layers. However, different layers can also be used and joined together. Any type of connection is possible, including sewing or needles.

[0168] The thickness of the top layer and / or bottom layer is preferably less than 1.5 mm, even more preferably less than 1 mm, and most preferably less than 0.5 mm. Nonwoven layers, in particular, allow for extremely thin textile layers.

[0169] Optionally, the top layer and / or the bottom layer are formed solely from carbon particles described above (carbon fibers / carbon threads; graphene, carbon nanotubes; fullerenes). Large-area lattice structures can be used. However, small particles can also be combined to form a layer.

[0170] For example, a base layer containing the carbon particles described above can be combined with a plastic top layer without the carbon particles described above. Alternatively, a top layer containing the carbon particles described above can be combined with a base layer without the carbon particles described above. A polyolefin, such as a polypropylene textile, can be used as the plastic. Polypropylene is a durable and inexpensive mass-produced plastic. However, a textile made of polyester or epoxy can also be advantageous.

[0171] The combination of a layer of plastic with carbon particles with a layer of plastic without carbon particles is also a composite.

[0172] Using the grid in combination can be particularly advantageous. Alternatively, several grids can be stacked on top of each other or used in combination. This can be used for a variety of applications, including antistatic treatment. The grid can take on various shapes. A roll form is advantageous for transport. The grid can be installed or used in a flat or curved position.

[0173] What is surprising is that -the grid is suitable for a horse blanket, -the constant deformations, -constant temperature changes and -is exposed to other stresses including UV exposure and mechanical stress, -whereby the carbon grid can produce an antistatic behavior -can contribute to UV protection -the grid can have a warming / relaxing effect

[0174] Another application of the grids involves winding graphene into carbon nanotubes. The walls of the tubes can be single-layered or multi-layered. The multi-layered version can be formed by winding the grid. Preferably, a composite with other layers is provided. Textiles are also suitable as an additional layer. When combined with other layers, effects can be achieved that cannot be achieved with carbon honeycombs alone.

[0175] The flat material can be wound so that the lateral edges in the winding direction are adjacent to one another. The winding can also be done at an angle to the longitudinal direction of the tube. When wound with the lateral edges adjacent, the length of the tubes is limited to the corresponding width / length of the flat material. With an oblique winding, much longer tubes can be produced from narrow ribbons of carbon nanomaterial. The lengths that can be produced depend on the length of the windable carbon nanomaterial.

[0176] The composite can also be created by winding onto a long tube material or onto a long core (core-forming thread or fiber) made of solid material.

[0177] Tubes with a diameter of up to 0.05mm and a length of up to 500mm are known.

[0178] The required lengths depend on the desired application. The use of carbon nanotubes as fibers or threads for woven or knitted fabrics or similar textiles requires a great length. Shorter lengths may be sufficient for the production of nonwovens. This also applies to the reinforcement of plastic fibers and plastic threads by embedding the carbon nanotubes in a plastic matrix. Embedding can serve the same purpose and be carried out in the same way as previously described for carbon threads and graphene.

[0179] Shorter lengths of carbon nanotubes are particularly suitable for the production of nonwovens.

[0180] Another option for producing tubular material as a starting material for nonwoven fabric production involves immediately forming the carbon nanostructure on a permanent support material. Multilayer carbon nanotubes can also be produced, with the layers spaced apart from each other. This allows a distinction to be made between inner and outer tubes, and possibly intermediate tubes.

[0181] Optionally, threads and fibers can also be arranged in the carbon nanotubes.

[0182] Different designs and different carbon nanotubes result in different properties. This applies particularly to compressive strength, flexural strength, and permeability to liquid and gaseous media.

[0183] According to the invention, the carbon nanotubes are optionally processed into a nonwoven fabric, which can be used, for example, for a horse blanket. The horse blanket acquires specific properties from the resulting nonwoven fabric. These properties can vary depending on the process. If the desired nonwoven properties are not met, the correct carbon nanotubes can be determined empirically. This means that tubes with insufficient compressive strength and / or flexural strength are replaced with other tubes. The same applies to other properties. As long as sufficient empirical data on the available carbon nanotubes are available, the correct carbon nanotubes can be selected immediately.

[0184] There are different processes for producing nonwovens. -mechanical processes -aerodynamic processes -hydrodynamic processes -electrostatic processes.

[0185] The tubes are -brought into a predetermined parallel and / or intersecting position -into an unpredictable, confused situation and then solidified. This happens, for example, through -Matting -mechanical entanglement -chemical connection (full or partial surface) -thermal connection (full or partial surface) -Connection using a binding agent (full or partial surface)

[0186] Felting can involve pressure (preferably by pressing between calender rolls) and / or movement and / or heat treatment and / or swelling with a suitable swelling agent. Chemical bonding causes the contact surfaces of the carbon nanotubes to undergo a bonding reaction. Welding is preferred as a thermal bond. Adhesives are optionally used as a bonding agent.

[0187] The fleece thickness is at least a multiple of the tube thickness, due to the fleece manufacturing process. For tube diameters of 0.001 to 0.05 mm and a minimum number of stacked tubes, a minimum thickness of 0.15 mm can be expected. The upper limit for the fleece thickness is determined by the desired handling of the blanket and the additional layer of the blanket.

[0188] In conventional nonwoven production, the tubes are distributed at least approximately evenly within the nonwoven layer. An uneven tube distribution may also be desired. The nonwoven layer is permeable between the tubes. Although the openings in the nonwoven between the tubes are not comparable to the mesh openings in the spacer fabric, the opening width between the tubes can be adjusted by changing their number per unit area so that even the smallest biting insects (e.g., midges with a diameter of 0.4 mm) cannot penetrate the layer. An opening width of less than 0.4 mm, preferably less than or equal to 0.3 mm, between adjacent carbon nanotubes is sufficient. Added to this is the obstacle posed by carbon nanotubes lying on top of one another. Each additional tube lying on top of other tubes further blocks the passage opening between adjacent tubes.

[0189] Preferably, the nonwovens consisting of carbon nanotubes are bonded to a textile layer, in particular to a knitted fabric layer. A nonwoven layer can -under the textile layer or -over the textile layer or -be arranged between two textile layers

[0190] The use of several nonwoven layers and several textile layers is also possible. This includes a -Nonwoven layers on both sides of the textile layers -several nonwoven layers between several textile layers

[0191] The nonwoven layers are bonded to the textile layers chemically or thermally or with bonding agents or mechanically.

[0192] The thermal connection preferably includes welding.

[0193] Adhesives are preferably used as a binding agent. The nonwovens can also be bonded to the textile layer by partial gluing or welding. Preferably, only small connection points between the nonwoven and the textile are provided. However, the number of connection points can be chosen to be sufficiently large to achieve the desired bond.

[0194] The mechanical connection is preferably achieved by needling or sewing. In needling, needles are pushed through the knitted fabric layer and the fleece. The needles have barbs at the end so that, when the needles are withdrawn, individual tube ends are pulled up from the fleece into the textile layers. Sewing is a well-known process used here to join the textile layer and fleece, creating a textile that can be cut into pieces for horse blankets.

[0195] Large biting / stinging insects are stopped by the spacer fabric. The same applies to a suitably arranged fleece. In this respect, a blanket equipped with a fleece made of carbon nanotubes or a layer of fullerenes is suitable for insect protection.

[0196] Graphene, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes provide UV protection.

[0197] Infrared radiation, on the other hand, is partially absorbed and partially reflected. This increases blood circulation in the skin and enhances well-being.

[0198] At the same time, the carbon nanotube fleece can be expected to filter gases and liquids with which the blanket comes into contact. This applies in any direction of gas and liquid flow through the fleece.

[0199] Activated carbon is known to have a filtering effect that also includes pathogens. Therefore, it can be assumed that the carbon nanotubes have an antibacterial effect.

[0200] Skin irritation is not to be expected when touching the fleece made of carbon tubes.

[0201] The electrical conductivity of the carbon nanotube fleece layer is also a particular advantage. When using the blanket, friction inevitably occurs between the blanket and the horse. This easily leads to an electrical charge. Due to the electrical conductivity of the fleece layer, the voltage can be dissipated. For this purpose, contact with the horse, which is always grounded with at least one foot, may be sufficient.

[0202] Additionally or alternatively, it can be advantageous if the blanket is handled by a person, allowing the electrical charge generated by friction to flow as current through the person into the ground. It is advantageous if the blanket is in conductive contact with the fleece layer at the gripping surface. It is even more advantageous if a resistor is included in the cable to reduce the current flow. With a resistor, the current flow can be kept below the threshold of perceptibility for humans and animals.

[0203] The targeted discharge of occurring voltage while diverting the current is based on the idea of ​​directing all of the current through the resistor. To do this, it can be advantageous to place insulation between the fleece layer made of carbon nanotubes and the horse, which is bridged solely by the cable. Various materials can be considered as insulation. These include woven layers made of plastic, knitted layers made of plastic, and other textile layers made of plastic. Textile layers made of materials other than plastic or of a material mixture with plastic are also conceivable. For example, padding layers made of plastic or other materials, as well as material mixtures with plastic, are conceivable. In the following, we will refer to an insulating layer between the horse and the tube layer. This includes all of the layers with an insulating effect listed above.

[0204] Optionally, the dimensions of the fleece layer can be selected so that the fleece layer ends at a distance from the edge of the textile layer or the insulating layer. The fleece layer is then embedded between two textile layers or between the insulating layer and the opposite textile layer. Even if the textile layers and insulating layers made of polyester are not completely inert to voltage charging and discharging, a current flows from the fleece layer into the cable after the application of a dedicated cable because this path offers the least resistance to the current flow. The cable therefore contains an advantageous option for regulating the current. Even further advantages arise when adjustable, particularly programmable resistors are used for current regulation. Different situations can be taken into account through adjustment / programming.

[0205] Fullerenes, like carbon nanotubes, can be formed from graphene. While carbon nanotubes only have a curvature around a central axis, fullerenes have a curvature around a center point, resulting in spherical shapes, while with a uniform curvature, they produce spherical shapes. Like fibers and tubes, fullerenes can be processed in an extruder; for example, into coatings and threads.

[0206] For the use of the blankets according to the invention for protecting horses with eczema in summer temperatures, sufficient air permeability is provided while simultaneously protecting against insects. Air permeability is achieved with an appropriate mesh size and / or blanket thickness. The blanket thickness should be greater than the snout length of horseflies. This prevents horseflies from biting through the blanket into the horse. The mesh size should be smaller than the blanket for small biting / stinging insects, so that the small insects cannot penetrate the blanket and reach the horse. Preferably, the blanket should also be lightweight so that pressure-sensitive horses are not placed under excessive strain.For this purpose, a basis weight of less than 300 grams per square meter, preferably less than 250 grams per square meter, even more preferably less than 200 grams per square meter and most preferably less than 150 grams per square meter is provided.

[0207] The purpose of a horse blanket for winter grazing is not to protect against insects, but to keep the horse warm. This can be achieved by lining the blanket.

[0208] However, padded blankets are also commonly used to keep sport horses warm after physical exertion. After a horse has exerted itself sufficiently, muscle inflammation can develop if this is not prevented by keeping the muscles warm. This muscle inflammation leads to various symptoms. A particularly feared condition is the so-called sciatica, in which the horse appears paralyzed.

[0209] A flexible insulating material is preferably used as lining.

[0210] The textiles according to the invention can be optionally provided with a conventional insulation layer or a new insulation layer. The thermal insulation allows sport horses to be kept warm after physical exertion. Furthermore, with appropriate insulation, they can be used outdoors. The blankets used for this purpose are called outdoor blankets. Depending on the insulation, such blankets allow grazing in winter.

[0211] In insulated conventional ceilings, the insulation is often made of cotton wool. Cotton wool is known as fiber mats and thread mats. Fiber mats are made of fibers; thread mats are made of threads. Cotton and / or viscose are typically used for the fibers and threads.

[0212] Instead of conventional insulation materials, an insulation material consisting at least partially of an aerogel can be used. Aerogels are usually made from silicate, but other materials can also serve as a base. Aerogel synthesis and a sol-gel process are used. First, a liquid mixture of substances is produced. The liquid mixture (sol) is converted into an amorphous mixture (gel) with a certain liquid content. This aerogel is then created through supercritical drying. In some cases, heat treatment in the form of pyrolysis is also required.

[0213] There are also other procedures.

[0214] The special feature here is that aerogel is a highly porous solid that can crumble under load. In the case of insulation boards, there is little risk of crumbling under load. After installation, the aerogel insulation boards are not exposed to any significant risk of crumbling. The situation is different with horse blankets. After the installation of such insulation boards, for example, a relevant bending load is no longer to be expected. In contrast, horse blankets are subject to constant bending. It has long been known that aerogels acquire deformability when bonded to a textile. This bond has proven successful with textiles made of Cotton, jute, hemp

[0215] The textiles had different surface weights, between 100 and 500 grams per square meter. To create the composite, the aerogels are impregnated with a resin, and then a hardener is added. Depending on the properties of the resin, hardener, and layer thickness, the resulting product can be quite flexible while also providing strong thermal insulation. For the use of such materials in clothing, a composite construction with additional air-conducting layers is typically planned, because the resin-impregnated aerogel is practically impermeable to air. The various layers can form a coherent composite structure. Thin layers of 1 to 3 mm are envisaged, which can be processed into jackets and trousers.

[0216] When used according to the invention on horse blankets, other objectives are paramount. This is also evident in the greater thicknesses that can be used. For the application according to the invention, layer thicknesses of more than 3 mm are preferred. The layer thickness can easily be 10 mm. It is advantageous if quilting seams can be applied. This facilitates the production of horse blankets. Furthermore, the composite material meets all requirements for flexibility and elasticity.

[0217] The temperature control of a horse blanket also needs to consider different aspects than clothing for humans. This can require a change in airflow, resulting in more and less ventilated areas on the horse. This can be achieved by perforating the horse blanket.

[0218] Optionally, the ventilation can be controlled by at least partial and / or different perforation / needling of the aerogel layer.

[0219] This allows specific parts of the horse's body to be specifically tempered (warmed or cooled) for which such tempering is beneficial. Tempering may also be necessary / useful for the treatment or prevention of muscle diseases / muscle damage.

[0220] The places for tempering the horse can be transferred to the horse blanket or marked there after the horse blanket has been put on.

[0221] The punching / needling can be even and / or uneven. This includes varying distances between adjacent holes and / or varying hole diameters.

[0222] The needling can give space to the sweat-laden exhaust air, but prevent the penetration of rainwater.

[0223] Needle boards or needle rollers are suitable for needling.

[0224] Furthermore, the resin coating of the aerogel can also be used to bond it to other layers, for example -for connection to a ventilation layer -for connection with a protective layer -for connection with another functional layer -used to connect functional parts. This also includes flexible layers such as layers of cotton wool. Functional parts can be, for example, parts of a hook-and-loop fastener.

[0225] The drawing shows an embodiment of the invention with various designs of a horse blanket.

[0226] Fig. 1 shows one half of a horse blanket 1 in a view as it results from the side when the blanket is hung vertically.

[0227] This means that there is another half of horse blanket 1 hidden by the half of horse blanket 1 shown.

[0228] The half of the horse blanket shown has -a tail cover 2, of which only a section is shown -at the other (front) end a cutout for the horse's neck with a border 3. -Straps 4, which connect the two halves of the horse blanket under the belly of the horse -In the area of ​​the front leg, a vertical incision running from bottom to top is provided in the illustrated half of horse blanket 1. The resulting cut edges are designated 9 and 10. Behind edges 9 and 10, a folded gusset is attached inside / underneath the illustrated half of horse blanket 1. The gusset should yield and unfold under slight pressure. -At the front, an additional cut is provided in the illustrated half of the horse blanket to allow for flexibility at the neck joint. This cut runs from edge 3 of the cutout for the horse's neck at a 45-degree angle to the horizontal to cut edge 10. This cut creates cut edges 15 and 16. On the neck side, strap 6 overlaps cut edges 15 and 16 and is sewn to the horse blanket, so that the cut is closed at the neck end by strap 6. The cut is closed at cut edge 10 by gusset 11. -Between the belt 6 and the gusset 11 Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 On the inside / underneath the horse blanket, an insert 17 made of flexible material is glued to the horse corner 1. The bonding points are marked 18. The flexible material consists of easily deformable rubber.

[0229] The insert is located in the area where the horse's fetlock joint movement is noticeable. This location can be determined, for example, by placing the horse blanket on the horse and moving the horse at a walk. Then the fetlock joint movement is not only visible on the horse but also palpable through the blanket.

[0230] By repeating this process with other horses belonging to a convection size of the horse blanket, the different positions of palpable fetlock joint movement within a convection size can be determined. -the flexible insert 17 allows the Fig. 4 shows the bulging of the horse blanket under the pressure of a fetlock joint movement. - Fig. Figure 5 shows an insert 21 made of the same material as the horse blanket 1. The flexibility of this insert 21 is achieved by a fold 22, with which the insert 21 protrudes into the gap 20 between the cut edges 15 and 16. The gap 20 is designed accordingly. When pressure is exerted on the insert from the inside by a movement of the hock joint, the insert 21 and the cut edges 15, 16 bulge.

[0231] Insert 21 is designed so that the horse blanket bulges slightly at the interface and gives way to the movement of the fetlock joint.

[0232] Optionally, hose sections are used to manufacture flexible inserts. The hose sections are split / slit lengthwise, resulting in two parts from one hose section with a fold suitable for insertion into gap 20.

[0233] Fig. 6 shows a preferred embodiment in which the cut edges 15 and 16 are connected to one another by an internal, flexible insert 30. The insert 30 was created by cutting a section of hose from a hose reel and slitting it lengthwise. After slitting, the cut edges designated 31 and 32 were sewn to the cut edges 15 and 16 of the horse blanket. The part of the seam running in the longitudinal direction of the insert is shown schematically. The seam also includes a transverse part (not shown) at each end of the insert. The bulging of the cut edges 15 and 16 is also shown schematically. The cut edges assume the position designated 15.1 and 16.1.

[0234] With minimal bulging, no significant impact on the edges of the insert 30 is expected. As the bulging progresses, the insert 30 can also adapt by lateral constriction.

[0235] The bulging of insert 30 is caused by a movement of the hock joint. In the event of a movement of the hock joint, pressure is exerted on insert 30. This pressure is transmitted to the cut edges 15 and 16. This causes the horse blanket to bulge at the cut edges 15 and 16.

[0236] While the operation 30 after Fig. 6 is arranged under the horse blanket, is according to Fig. 7 also an arrangement of the designated 35

[0237] Insert 35 is possible on the outside of the horse blanket. Insert 35 encloses the cut in the horse blanket intended for the bulge. This provides advantageous protection.

[0238] Insert 35 can be identical in construction to insert 30. The cut edges 36 and 37 of insert 35 are sewn onto the top of the cut edges 15 and 16 of the horse blanket. When the horse blanket bulges at the cut edges, the cut edges 36 and 37 also bulge.

[0239] The straps 5 and 6 are used to place the forward-projecting parts of both halves of the horse blanket 1 around the horse's chest and to connect them there.

[0240] In the example shown, the horse blanket features a binding along the edge. This improves both its appearance and handling. In the example shown, all edges and cut edges are bound. Where a binding meets a cut edge, the edge binding overlaps the binding of the cut edges.

[0241] Furthermore, the strap 6 is positioned so that, once the horse blanket is applied, it points toward the horse's withers. This strap allows for a slight tension to be exerted on the horse blanket, which holds it on the withers. At the same time, a pad is provided on the part of the horse blanket that rests on the withers to relieve pressure on the withers. The pad measures approximately 30 x 30 cm, or 60 x 60 cm when both halves of the horse blanket are considered, and is incorporated into the blanket. In the illustrated example, the pad consists of a 3D textile incorporated into a different padding material.

[0242] The gusset 11 between the cut edges 9 and 10 forms a walking pleat.

[0243] The other half of the horse blanket, belonging to the illustrated half, has the same features as the illustrated half. When the horse blanket is unfolded to view both halves together, the other half mirrors all the features of the illustrated half, including the walking fold for the other foreleg and the point of give for the fetlock joint movement.

[0244] For all applications according to Fig. 1 to 7, a ceiling material according to Fig. 8 Use. This is a ceiling material consisting of a 5mm thick polyester spacer layer 40 and an inner lining 41 made of polyester silk and a single-layer graphene. In the exemplary embodiment, the graphene was created by gas deposition on the polyester silk. The graphene has a honeycomb structure with 6 interconnected carbon atoms in each honeycomb. The polyester silk is a woven fabric and, like graphene, is gas-permeable. The openings have an opening width of less than 0.3mm, so they cannot be penetrated even by midges.

[0245] The layer 41 made of polyester silk and graphene is guided around the cut edge of the spacer fabric 40 at 42 and thus sewn.

[0246] The Fig. Figure 9 shows a graphene with honeycomb structures 50, at whose corners carbon atoms are located. The connections between the atoms are designated 51. In the exemplary embodiment, this is a flat strip of material intended for connection to a horse blanket.

[0247] The connection is in Fig. 12. Therein, the horse blanket is designated 57 and the graphene strip is designated 58. In the illustrated embodiment, the graphene 58 is glued to the blanket 57.

[0248] Fig. Figure 10 shows a carbon nanotube made from graphene as used in Fig. 9. The graphene is curved around a central axis. In the view of the carbon nanotube, the honeycombs are labeled 50..1 and the connections between the carbon atoms are labeled 51.1. Due to the curvature of the graphene, the view according to Fig. 10 different dimensions for the honeycombs.

[0249] Fig. 11 shows an extruded thread 55 made of polyester, which is provided with a coating 56 made of flakes of graphene.

[0250] Fig. 12 shows a layer 57, which is provided on the underside with a layer 58. In this exemplary embodiment, the layer 57 consists of a spacer fabric; in other exemplary embodiments, for example, of woven fabric, in further exemplary embodiments of a nonwoven fabric, and in still other exemplary embodiments of an unoriented fiber accumulation.

[0251] Layer 58 overlaps layer 57 of graphene particles. In this exemplary embodiment, the particles penetrated layer 57 by spraying. The particles adhere to the layer 57 through a binder when sprayed on. In another exemplary embodiment, the particles penetrated layer 57 by immersing layer 57 in a particle suspension. QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] EP 2969943B1

[0126]

Claims

[1] Blanket for any use, in particular a horse blanket (1) that covers the horse’s back, characterized by a ceiling that is at least partially -made of carbon fibers and / or carbon threads and / or -from graphene and / or -consists of carbon nanotubes. [2] Ceiling according to claim 1, characterized by that the cover (1) consists of at least one layer (41) of electrically conductive carbon material which at least partially has a honeycomb structure, each honeycomb comprising 5 or 6 carbon atoms which are bonded to one another. [3] Ceiling according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that the graphene forms a single-layer or multi-layer lattice. [4] Ceiling according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by a curvature of the graphene, especially into carbon nanotubes. [5] Ceiling according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized bya composite of the carbon fibers / threads and / or graphene and / or carbon nanotubes with at least one other material, in particular with plastic. [6] Ceiling according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by a mixture of the carbon fiber / threads and / or graphene and / or carbon nanotubes with at least one other substance, in particular with plastic. [7] Ceiling according to claim 5 or 6, characterized by that the other substance consists of a polymer, in particular polypropylene and / or polyester and / or epoxy. [8] Ceiling according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by that the graphene fibers or carbon threads and / or graphene and / or carbon nanotubes are embedded in a plastic matrix. [9] Ceiling according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by that the graphene is provided in particle form, preferably in flake form. [10] Ceiling according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized byextruded mixture of plastic with carbon fibers or carbon threads and / or graphene and / or carbon nanotubes. [11] Ceiling according to claim 8 or 10, characterized by that the mixture is extruded onto a plastic core. [12] Ceiling according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized by a binder between the graphene particles. [13] Ceiling according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized by that the carbon fibers / threads and / or graphene and / or carbon nanotubes form a finished part (41) with a plastic silk layer, usable as a component for a composite with other material layers (40) of the ceiling (1). [14] Ceiling according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized by Carbon fibers or carbon threads made of pyrolyzed cellulose or pyrolyzed polyacrylonitrile or pyrolyzed pitch [15] Ceiling according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized bythat the carbon fibers have a diameter of up to 0.009mm and / or up to 24,000 fibers form a thread. [16] Ceiling according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized by by graphene from graphite. [17] Ceiling according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized by Carbon nanotubes made of coiled graphene. [18] Ceiling according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized by -a winding in which the lateral edges of the winding lie against each other or -a slanted winding and / or -single-walled tubes or -multi-walled tubes and / or -a core [19] Ceiling according to claim 18, characterized by -spaced walls of the carbon nanotubes in the winding -separate tubes in the winding -a separate core in the tubes [20] Ceiling according to claim 18 or 19, characterized by Threads or fibers as the core in the carbon nanotubes [21] Ceiling according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized by overlapping laying of fibers or threads or tubes. [22] Ceiling according to one of claims 21, characterized by a web formation of the fibers, threads or tubes [23] Ceiling according to claim 21 or 22, characterized by -a parallel arrangement of the fibers, threads and tubes and / or -a crosswise laid -confused tubes in the fleece. [24] Ceiling according to one of claims 22 or 23, characterized by that the opening width between adjacent tubes in the fleece is less than or equal to 0.4 mm, preferably less than or equal to 0.3 mm [25] Ceiling according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized by that the graphene has a particle shape, in particular a flake shape. [26] Ceiling according to claim 25, characterized by through a dried layer of particles. [27] Ceiling according to one of claims 1 to 26, characterized by a combination of carbon fibers or carbon threads or graphene or carbon nanotubes with a layer (40) of - Spacer fabrics .and / or tissue -and / or insulation material [28] Ceiling according to claim 27, characterized by that the spacer fabric consists of a continuous thread with carbon particles. [29] Ceiling according to claim 27, characterized by a spray application of the layer or a dip application of the layer. [30] Ceiling according to one of claims 1 to 29, characterized by an underside / inner side arrangement of a layer of carbon fiber or carbon threads and / or carbon nanotubes and / or further carbon particles and / or an arrangement of a layer of carbon fibers and / or carbon threads and / or graphene and / or carbon nanotubes and / or particles between other material layers. [31] Ceiling according to one of claims 1 to 30, characterized bythat when an insulating layer is arranged on the ceiling on the horse's side, a conductive connection is established from an overlying layer of carbon fiber or carbon threads or graphene or carbon nanotubes or particles -to a gripping surface on the ceiling. and / or -leads to a probe resting on the horse. [32] Ceiling according to claim 31, characterized by that the probe is a metal foil or a metallized foil or a metal-textile or a metallized textile. [33] Ceiling according to claim 31 or 32, characterized by that the probe is arranged in the area of ​​the horse blanket (1) with which the blanket (1) rests on the horse's croup. [34] Ceiling according to one of claims 31 to 33, characterized by that a resistor, in particular an adjustable resistor, is arranged in the line to the probe or to the handle bar. [35] Ceiling according to one of claims 1 to 34, characterized by a weight proportion of carbon fibers or carbon threads or graphene or carbon nanotubes in an extrusion mixture with plastic of at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight and even more preferably at least 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the blanket. [36] Ceiling according to one of claims 1 to 35, characterized by Textiles with carbon fibers or carbon threads or graphene or carbon nanotubes that are freely blown and / or milled. [37] Ceiling according to one of claims 1 to 36, characterized by that the textile is completely or partially varnished. [38] Ceiling according to claim 35, characterized by Use of a carbon paint. [39] Blanket according to one of claims 1 to 38, characterized by a lower layer with carbon particles and a top layer without carbon particles. [40] Ceiling according to one of claims 1 to 38, characterized bya bottom layer without carbon particles and a top layer with carbon particles. [41] Ceiling according to claim 39 or 40, characterized by that the top layer consists at least partially of a polyolefin, in particular of polypropylene, or of polyester or epoxy.

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