VEHICLE, IN PARTICULAR RAIL VEHICLE, AND METHOD FOR ITS OPERATION

Description

[0001] The invention relates to vehicles, in particular rail vehicles, and methods for their operation.

[0002] Electromagnetic fields can have negative effects on the human body, depending on their strength and frequency. For individuals with implanted medical devices (e.g., pacemakers), there is an additional risk of malfunction caused by excessively high field strengths in the vicinity of the implant.

[0003] In electrically powered vehicles, especially rail vehicles, the risk increases with increasing vehicle power that the magnetic field inside the vehicle will exceed specified limits and lead to a hazard (especially for implant wearers).

[0004] In multi-unit rail vehicles, the problem is particularly pronounced in the area of ​​the car transitions, as the currents in the contact wire above the car transition area and the rails below the car transition can generate very strong magnetic fields.

[0005] Vehicle components, such as chokes and transformers, can also generate very high magnetic fields in electrically powered vehicles.

[0006] Document EP 3 305 579 A1 discloses a compensation device for reducing a magnetic field generated by a rail vehicle near rails in order to reduce its influence on the function of electrical equipment located along the track.

[0007] The invention is based on the objective of providing a vehicle in which the problem of danger from magnetic fields is reduced.

[0008] This problem is solved according to the invention by a vehicle with the features according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the vehicle according to the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

[0009] According to the invention, the vehicle is equipped with at least one magnetic field compensation device designed to generate a counter-magnetic field for the local compensation or at least local reduction of a disturbance magnetic field coupled in from outside the vehicle.

[0010] A significant advantage of the vehicle provided according to the invention is that disturbing or dangerous magnetic fields within the vehicle can be eliminated or at least reduced with the magnetic field compensation device(s) provided according to the invention, in particular to a level that is harmless to humans and animals.

[0011] The magnetic field compensation device(s) are preferably formed by electrical coils or preferably comprise electrical coils that can be supplied with an electrical compensation current to generate the opposing field. Compensation coils can advantageously be lighter than shielding devices such as those used in conventional vehicles for magnetic field shielding.

[0012] Preferably, the sole technical function of the magnetic field compensation device(s) consists of generating the opposing magnetic field.

[0013] The vehicle preferably has a control unit connected to the at least one magnetic field compensation device, which operates the magnetic field compensation device with an electrical compensation current. The control unit can also form part of the magnetic field compensation device.

[0014] The control device preferably measures the compensation current such that, in the compensation range of the generated opposing field, the magnetic field strength and / or the magnetic flux of the total field formed by the superposition of the interfering magnetic field and the opposing field does not exceed a predetermined maximum strength or a predetermined maximum flux.

[0015] It is advantageous if the vehicle has at least one magnetic field sensor connected to the control unit, which is arranged at at least one measuring point within the compensation range of the opposing field of the magnetic field compensation device and generates a sensor signal that indicates the magnetic field strength and / or the magnetic flux at this measuring point. The magnetic field sensor can form part of the magnetic field compensation device.

[0016] The control device is preferably designed in such a way that it adjusts the electrical compensation current through the magnetic field compensation device in such a way that the magnetic field strength and / or the magnetic flux at the measuring point of the magnetic field sensor becomes minimal or at least falls below the specified maximum strength and / or the specified maximum flux.

[0017] According to the invention, the magnetic field compensation device, or at least one of the magnetic field compensation devices, is electrically coupled via a transformer to a current conductor of the vehicle, which generates the interfering magnetic field or at least a part of the interfering magnetic field.

[0018] According to the invention, the magnetic field compensation device is arranged such that the direction of the counter-field is opposite to the direction of the interfering magnetic field, at least in a local section of the vehicle.

[0019] According to the invention, the vehicle is an electrically powered vehicle, in particular an electrically powered rail vehicle.

[0020] According to the invention, the vehicle is a multi-section vehicle with at least one walkable transition area between two carriages of the vehicle arranged one behind the other, in which the at least one magnetic field compensation device or at least one of the electrical magnetic field compensation devices is located in the transition area.

[0021] The magnetic field compensation device(s) are preferably arranged such that the surface normal on a coil opening surface of the magnetic field compensation device is oriented at an angle, particularly between 0° and 45°, to the transverse direction of the vehicle and / or at an angle, particularly between 45° and 90°, to the vertical. It is particularly advantageous if the surface normal on a coil opening surface of the respective magnetic field compensation device is oriented parallel to the transverse direction of the vehicle and perpendicular to the vertical.

[0022] It is particularly advantageous if at least one first and one second magnetic field compensation device are arranged in the transition area, each such that a walkable path through the transition area is provided between the magnetic field compensation devices. In the latter variant, it is also advantageous if the surface normal on a coil opening surface of the respective magnetic field compensation device is oriented at an angle, particularly between 45° and 90°, to the vertical and / or at an angle, particularly between 0° and 45°, to the transverse direction of the vehicle. It is especially advantageous if the surface normal on a coil opening surface of the respective magnetic field compensation device is oriented parallel to the transverse direction of the vehicle and perpendicular to the vertical.

[0023] Preferably, the magnetic field sensor or one of the magnetic field sensors is arranged in or on the car transition area and generates a sensor signal that directly indicates the magnetic field strength and / or the magnetic flux in the car transition area or at least enables the determination of the magnetic field strength and / or the magnetic flux in the car transition area.

[0024] Alternatively or additionally, it may be advantageously provided that the at least one electrical magnetic field compensation device or at least one of the magnetic field compensation devices is arranged in the area of ​​an operating component of the vehicle.

[0025] If the operating component is located near a vehicle section where people may be present during vehicle operation, it is advantageous if the at least one magnetic field compensation device is located between the vehicle section and the operating component.

[0026] Alternatively or additionally, it can be advantageously provided that at least one first and one second magnetic field compensation device are arranged in the driver's cab area, each in the area of ​​the outer skin of the vehicle such that coil opening areas of the magnetic field compensation devices are adapted to the surface profile of the outer skin, and the driver's cab area is arranged between the magnetic field compensation devices.

[0027] The invention also relates to a method for operating a vehicle according to the invention, in particular a rail vehicle. According to the invention, such a method provides that a counter-magnetic field is generated by at least one magnetic field compensation device for the local compensation or at least local reduction of an interfering magnetic field coupled in from outside the vehicle.

[0028] With regard to the method according to the invention and with regard to advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention, reference is made to the above statements in connection with the vehicle according to the invention.

[0029] The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments, where the following are shown as examples. Figure 1 shows a walkable car transition area between two cars arranged one behind the other, equipped with two magnetic field compensation devices, of an embodiment for a multi-car rail vehicle; Figure 2 shows the car transition area according to Figure 1 In cross-section, Figure 3 shows a variant embodiment for generating electrical compensation currents for the magnetic field compensation devices according to Figure 1 Figures 4 and 8 show transformer-based design variants for generating electrical compensation currents for the magnetic field compensation devices according to Figure 1Figure 5 shows a walkable carriage transition area of ​​a multi-section rail vehicle equipped with four magnetic field compensation devices, Figure 6 shows an embodiment of a rail vehicle in which the driver's cab is equipped with magnetic field compensation devices not according to the invention, and Figure 7 shows an embodiment of a rail vehicle in which a disturbance magnetic field of an operating component is compensated or at least reduced with a magnetic field compensation device not according to the invention.

[0030] The same reference symbols are always used in the figures for identical or comparable components.

[0031] The Figure 1Figure 1 shows a walkable gangway 10 between two carriages 20 of a multi-car rail vehicle 30 arranged one behind the other. The gangway 10 is equipped with two magnetic field compensation devices in the form of two coils 40. The coils 40 are arranged at the edge of the gangway 10 and are parallel to each other, enclosing a pedestrian walkway 50 of the gangway 10 between them. The surface normal of the coil opening surfaces of the two coils 40 is aligned parallel to the transverse direction Y of the vehicle and perpendicular to the vertical Z. Figure 1 X denotes the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.

[0032] The two coils 40 are each supplied with an electrical compensation current Ik. The compensation currents Ik generate a counter-magnetic field, which serves to locally compensate for, or at least locally reduce, a disturbance magnetic field generated within the car transition area 10 by the vehicle itself or coupled in from outside the rail vehicle 30.

[0033] The Figure 2Figure 1 shows a cross-section of the car transition area 10. It can be seen that a contact wire 60 supplying electrical energy to the rail vehicle 30 generates a magnetic field Ms1, and the current-carrying rails 70 of the railway line generate a magnetic field Ms2, which together form a disturbance magnetic field Ms. The opposing magnetic field Mk of the coils 40 is superimposed on the disturbance magnetic field Ms, resulting in a local reduction of the resulting total magnetic field in the car transition area 10, preferably to a level that is not critical for humans or animals.

[0034] The Figure 3 shows a first embodiment variant for generating the electrical compensation currents Ik for the coils 40 according to Figure 1A control unit 80 is connected to a magnetic field sensor 90, which is located within the car transition area 10 or within the compensation area of ​​the opposing field of the coils 40 and generates a sensor signal S. The sensor signal S indicates the magnetic field strength and / or the magnetic flux of the total field formed from the interfering magnetic field Ms and the opposing magnetic field Mk in the car transition area 10.

[0035] The control device 80 measures the magnitude and direction of the electrical compensation currents Ik preferably such that the magnetic field strength and / or the magnetic flux in the carriage transition area 10 is minimized or at least does not exceed a predetermined maximum strength or a predetermined maximum flux.

[0036] The Figure 4 shows a second embodiment for generating the electrical compensation currents Ik for the coils 40 according to Figure 1The coils 40 are electrically coupled via a transformer 100 to a conductor 110, which runs over the transition area 10 and contributes to the interference magnetic field Ms. Since the magnitude of the electrical compensation currents Ik fed into the coils 40 by the transformer 100 is proportional to the magnitude of the current I in the conductor 110, the component of the interference magnetic field Ms generated by the conductor 110, as well as other components of the interference magnetic field Ms that correlate with the magnitude of the current I in the conductor 110, can be compensated. Ammeters 41 can be provided to monitor the electrical compensation currents Ik.

[0037] The Figure 8 shows another transformer-based design variant for generating the electrical compensation currents Ik for the coils 40 according to Figure 1The coils 40 are electrically coupled via a transformer 100 to a conductor 111, which runs over the car transition area 10 and contributes to the interference magnetic field Ms. The conductor 111 is directly electrically connected to the contact wire 60. Since the magnitude of the electrical compensation currents Ik fed into the coils 40 by the transformer 100 is proportional to the voltage U in the conductor 111, the compensation current Ik is constant and proportional to the contact wire voltage U. Thus, a constant portion of the interference magnetic field Ms is compensated.

[0038] The Figure 5Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a walkable carriage transition area 10 in which four coils 40 operating as magnetic field compensation devices are provided. The surface normal of the coil opening surfaces of the four coils 40 is aligned parallel to the transverse direction Y of the vehicle and perpendicular to the vertical Z. The above statements apply in connection with the Figures 1 to 4 accordingly.

[0039] The Figure 6Figure 1 shows a non-inventive embodiment of a rail vehicle 30 in which two coils 40 are arranged in the driver's cab area 31, each functioning as a magnetic field compensation device. The coils 40 are integrated into the outer skin of the rail vehicle 30 and their coil opening areas are adapted to the surface profile of the outer skin. The driver's cab area 31 is arranged between the coils 40. A magnetic field coupled in from the outside, for example from the contact wire 60, can be compensated or at least reduced by the two coils 40 by operating each of the two coils 40 with a suitable electrical compensation current, as described above. The above statements apply in connection with the Figures 1 to 4 accordingly.

[0040] The Figure 7Figure 1 shows a section of a non-inventive embodiment of a rail vehicle 30, in which an operating component in the form of a current-carrying choke 32 is arranged near a section of the vehicle where people may be present during vehicle operation. A shielding plate 33 is provided to shield the choke 32, and a coil 40 is provided to compensate for the remaining residual magnetic field. The above statements apply in connection with the Figures 1 to 4 accordingly.

[0041] Although the invention has been further illustrated and described in detail by means of preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples; the scope of protection of the invention is defined by the features of the independent claims. Reference symbol list

[0042] 10 Car transition area 20 Car 30 Rail vehicle 31 Driver's cab area 32 Operating component / choke 33 Shielding plate 40 Coil 41 Ammeter 50 Path 60 Contact wire 70 Rails 80 Control device 90 Magnetic field sensor 100 Transformer 110 Current conductor 111 Current conductor electrically connected to the contact wire I Current Ik Compensation current Mk Counter-field Ms Interference magnetic field Ms1 Magnetic field Ms2 Magnetic field S Sensor signal U Overhead wire voltage X Vehicle longitudinal direction Y Vehicle transverse direction Z Vertical

Claims

1. Vehicle, in particular rail vehicle (30), wherein - the vehicle is equipped with at least one magnetic field compensation facility, which is embodied to evoke an opposing magnetic field (Mk) in order to locally compensate for or at least locally reduce a magnetic interference field (Ms), coupled in from outside of the vehicle, within the vehicle, - the magnetic field compensation facility or at least one of the magnetic field compensation facilities is electrically coupled via a transformer (100) to a conductor (110) of the electrically driven vehicle, which generates the magnetic interference field (Ms) or at least part of the magnetic interference field (Ms), - the magnetic field compensation facility is arranged such that the direction of the opposing field (Mk) in the direction of the magnetic interference field (Ms) is opposed at least in one local section of the vehicle, - the vehicle is a multi-unit vehicle and has at least one accessible carriage transition area (10) between two carriages of the vehicle arranged one behind the other, and - the at least one magnetic field compensation facility or at least one of the electrical magnetic field compensation facilities is arranged in the carriage transition area (10).

2. Vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field compensation facility or at least one of the magnetic field compensation facilities is or comprises an electric coil (40), which is applied with an electrical compensation current (Ik) in order to generate the opposing field (Mk).

3. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the only technical function of the at least one magnetic field compensation facility is the generation of the magnetic opposing field (Mk).

4. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, wherein - the vehicle has a control facility (80) connected to the at least one magnetic field compensation facility, said control facility (80) operating the magnetic field compensation facility with an electrical compensation current (Ik), - wherein the control facility (80) sets the compensation current (Ik) such that in the compensation range of the generated opposing field (Mk), the magnetic field strength and / or the magnetic flux of the overall field formed by the superimposition of the magnetic interference field (Ms) and the opposing field (Mk) does not exceed a predetermined maximum strength or a predetermined maximum flux.

5. Vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the vehicle has at least one magnetic field sensor (90) which is connected to the control facility (80) and is arranged at at least one measuring location within the compensation range of the opposing field (Mk) of the magnetic field compensation facility and generates a sensor signal (S), which determines the magnetic field strength and / or the magnetic flux at this measuring location.

6. Vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the control facility (80) is designed such that it adjusts the electric compensation current (Ik) by means of the magnetic field compensation facility such that the magnetic field strength and / or the magnetic flux at the measuring location is minimal or at least does not reach the predetermined maximum strength and / or the predetermined maximum flux.

7. Vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the at least one magnetic field compensation facility or at least one of the electrical magnetic field compensation facilities is arranged in the carriage transition area (10) such that the surface normal on a coil opening area of the magnetic field compensation facility is aligned in parallel or at an angle, in particular at an angle of between 0 and 45°, to the vehicle transverse direction and / or perpendicular or at an angle, in particular at an angle of between 45° and 90°, to the vertical.

8. Vehicle according to claim 1 or 7, wherein at least one first and one second magnetic field compensation facility are arranged in the carriage transition area (10) and in each case such that - the surface normal on a coil opening area of the respective magnetic field compensation facility is parallel or at an angle, in particular at an angle of between 0 and 45°, to the vehicle transverse direction and / or perpendicular or at an angle, in particular at an angle of between 45° and 90°, to the vertical, and - an accessible path of the carriage transition area is arranged between the magnetic field compensation facilities.

9. Vehicle according to claim 1 or 8, wherein the or one of the magnetic field sensors (90) is arranged in or on the carriage transition area (10) and generates a sensor signal (S), which immediately indicates the magnetic field strength and / or the magnetic flux in the carriage transition area (10) or enables at least the determination of the magnetic field strength and / or the magnetic flux in the carriage transition area (10).

10. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the vehicle has at least one magnetic field-generating operating component (32), and the at least one electrical magnetic field compensation facility or at least one of the magnetic field compensation facilities is arranged in the area of this operating component.

11. Vehicle according to claim 10, wherein - the operating component is arranged in the vicinity of a vehicle section, in which humans can stay during vehicle operation, and - the at least one magnetic field compensation facility is arranged between the vehicle section and the operating component.

12. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, wherein - at least a first and a second magnetic field compensation facility are arranged in the driver's cab area (31), namely in each case in the area of the bodyshell of the vehicle such that coil opening areas of the magnetic field compensation facilities are adjusted to the surface progression of the bodyshell, and - the driver's cab area (31) is arranged between the magnetic field compensation facilities.

13. Method for operating a vehicle, in particular rail vehicle (30), according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein an opposing magnetic field (Mk) is generated with at least one magnetic field compensation facility to locally compensate for or at least locally reduce a magnetic interference field (Ms), coupled in from outside of the vehicle, within the vehicle.