DRIVE-SYNCHRONIZED DOSING CONTROL AND INJECTION MOLDING MACHINE USING IT

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for drive-synchronized dosing control in an injection molding machine according to the preamble of claim 1 and an injection molding machine operating according to the method according to the preamble of claim 11, as well as a computer program product suitable for carrying out the method according to the preamble of claim 12.

[0002] The term "plasticizable material," as used in this application, is to be understood broadly and includes, in particular but not exclusively, plastics, silicone, or other thermoplastic and / or elastomeric materials, e.g., ceramic, metallic, and / or powdered materials, as well as paper, cellulose, starch, cork, etc., as well as mixtures of such plasticizable materials. In principle, these can also be previously plasticized materials or plastic masses that harden after application, either spontaneously or with the aid of additives. The term also includes recyclates.

[0003] This study examines an injection molding process for processing plasticizable material using an injection molding machine with two movable mold clamping plates and an injection mold with at least one mold cavity arranged between the mold clamping plates. The material is introduced into a temperature-controlled plasticizing cylinder of the injection molding machine, preferably axially movable along an injection cylinder axis (main axis) of the injection molding machine, and is then plasticized or melted by friction and / or temperature control of the plasticizing cylinder through the rotation of a conveyor screw within the plasticizing cylinder, which is movable axially along and around the main axis.

[0004] By rotating the screw conveyor in a specific direction, the plasticized or molten material is conveyed to the screw conveyor tip in a metering chamber within the plasticizing cylinder. The pressure that the screw conveyor is to exert on the material is predetermined. A dynamic pressure, adjustable via a control system of the injection molding machine, is applied to the screw conveyor. This rotation and applied pressure cause the screw conveyor to move axially backward and usually brake to a stop (metering).

[0005] The specified pressure and the actual back pressure exerted on the material normally differ due to dynamic and / or geometric dependencies (e.g. material properties, geometries of the plasticizing cylinder and conveyor screw, back pressure, temperature, etc.) upstream of the conveyor screw. For additional pressure relief or decompression of the plasticized or molten material after dosing, it is known to move the conveyor screw axially back along its main axis and / or to rotate it back around its main axis in the opposite direction. To do this, process parameters such as screw travel, back pressure, speed, travel of the conveyor screw, travel of the plasticizing cylinder, and return speed of the material are first recorded in a parameter recording unit as a result of the back pressure. These are stored in a data memory of a control system of the injection molding machine via a communication interface.In the case of uncontrolled axial retraction and / or reversal, the plasticized or molten material may result in defective molded parts (e.g., overflow or void formation) due to the dynamic and / or geometric dependencies mentioned above. This negatively impacts the weight consistency of the molded part. With purely linear decompression, i.e., retraction of the screw conveyor, the weight may increase, while with only reversing the screw conveyor, the weight may decrease.

[0006] US Pat. No. 5,002,717 A describes a method for controlling the injection of a molten resin by an in-line screw-type injection molding machine. The molding machine is equipped with a control ring to enable the injection of the molten resin by advancing the screw and also to prevent the molten resin from flowing backward. According to the method, the screw is rotated in the normal direction to knead and plasticize a resin material and further feed the resulting molten resin to the free end portion of the screw. The screw then retracts to meter and store a predetermined amount of the molten resin adjacent to the free end portion of the screw.The screw is then rotated in the reverse direction until the pressure of the molten resin on the back side of the control ring is lower than that of the molten resin being metered and stored on the front side of the control ring. The screw retracts to reduce the resin pressure on the front side of the control ring, thereby performing a decompression stroke. The screw finally advances to inject the molten resin into a mold. The injection control method of an injection molding machine is intended to enable stable production of molded articles by always ensuring a constant injection amount of a resin without fluctuations in the metered resin amounts, even when a decompression operation is performed.

[0007] EP 1 465 761 A1 describes a method for controlling the dosing process of an injection molding machine, and in particular for moving the screw to a dosing position at the end of the dosing process. According to the invention, a braking distance is determined as a function of the axial retraction speed of the screw, wherein the axial speed is reduced during the braking distance such that the screw reaches a precise end position. For this purpose, the screw speed is varied as a function of the current axial retraction speed of the screw. In this way, non-linearities can be compensated for when the speed changes compared to a change in the axial retraction speed. The aim is to provide a method for controlling the dosing process of an injection molding machine in which a screw end position (dosing position) can always be precisely reached.

[0008] DE 10 2020 124 316 A1 discloses a control device and a control method for an injection molding machine including a cylinder into which a resin is supplied and a screw that moves forward and backward and rotates within the cylinder.It includes a metering control unit that performs metering of the resin within the cylinder by controlling the forward rotation and reverse movement of the screw based on predetermined metering conditions until the screw has moved backward to a predetermined metering position, a reverse movement speed detection unit that detects a reverse movement speed of the screw, a speed determination unit that determines a suck-back speed based on the reverse movement speed determined by the reverse movement speed detection unit during metering to cause a resin pressure to reach a target pressure, and a suck-back control unit that causes the screw to continue moving backward based on the suck-back speed after the screw has reached the predetermined metering position.The aim is to provide a control device and a control method for an injection molding machine in which the suck-back speed can be determined appropriately and easily in order to avoid molding errors within the article to be manufactured.

[0009] From DE 10 2020 003 905 A1, an injection molding machine is known, comprising: a first drive device that rotates a screw provided inside a heating cylinder; a second drive device that moves the screw forward and backward; a metering control section configured to meter resin while melting the resin by controlling the first drive device and the second drive device, and thereafter to rotate the screw backward to thereby reduce the resin pressure; a first sensor unit for detecting the pressure; a second sensor unit for detecting one or more types of physical quantities that influence the pressure change; and a prediction section that predicts information on the decompressing rotation based on the pressure detected by the first sensor unit and the one or more types of physical quantities detected by the second sensor unit.The metering control section controls the first drive device based on the decompressive rotation information predicted by the prediction section. The goal is to provide an injection molding machine that optimally reduces the pressure of the molten resin.

[0010] WO 2022 / 102637 A1 discloses a control device for an injection molding machine with a suck-back control unit that causes a screw that has reached a prescribed measurement position to be sucked back at a prescribed suck-back speed. A reverse rotation control unit is provided that causes the screw to rotate backward based on a prescribed reverse rotation state value during and after the start of suck-back. A measurement unit measures a value for the screw's reverse rotation state. A suck-back termination control unit causes the termination of suck-back when the reverse rotation state value has reached a threshold value.

[0011] From DE 10 2020 005 573 A1 a control device for an injection molding machine is known, which is equipped with: a pressure detection unit which detects a pressure of a material, a reverse rotation control unit which causes a screw to be rotated backward after the screw has reached a predetermined metering position, a measuring unit which measures an elapsed time or a rotation amount of the screw from the screw reaching a predetermined metering position, and a reverse movement control unit which initiates sucking back of the screw in an overlapping manner with the reverse rotation of the screw if a predetermined time for initiating a reverse movement has elapsed or the screw has been rotated by a predetermined rotation amount for initiating a reverse movement from the screw reaching the predetermined metering position.

[0012] US 2021 / 178649 A1 discloses a control device for an injection molding machine having a cylinder into which a resin is supplied and a screw that moves forward and backward and rotates within the cylinder. The control device includes a suck-back control unit that sucks back the screw based on a predetermined suck-back speed, a suck-back distance, or a suck-back time period. Furthermore, the control device includes a pressure detection unit that detects a resin pressure, a calculation unit that calculates a compensation amount of the suck-back speed based on a difference between the resin pressure at a time when the suck-back is completed and a predetermined target pressure, and a speed determination unit that redetermines the suck-back speed based on the compensation amount.Resin metering is terminated when the screw reaches a certain position, taking into account the pressure on the metered amount of resin. Subsequently, to relieve the pressure of the metered resin, the compensation amount of the backflow velocity is calculated, taking into account a material parameter, and the pressure relief is performed by axially displacing the screw. Sequential or simultaneous reverse rotation of the screw does not occur during pressure relief.

[0013] JP 7 108 157 B1 discloses a control device for controlling a screw of an injection molding machine, which comprises a decompression control unit for reducing the pressure of a resin based on a predetermined decompression condition value after the resin has been metered. It further comprises a first measuring unit for measuring the load exerted on the screw due to the injection of the resin and a second measuring unit for measuring a time from the start of an injection process by the screw until the load reaches a first threshold value. Furthermore, it comprises a decompression condition correction unit for correcting the predetermined decompression condition value based on a difference between the time and a second threshold value. The metered amount is adjusted based on the screw reaching a certain position, taking into account the pressure to the metered amount of resin.The correction of the decompression condition value is performed taking into account a material parameter. At least one of a rewind time, a rewind amount, a rewind speed, an axial rewind time, an axial rewind distance, or an axial rewind speed is adjusted, with the screw simultaneously rewinding and axially retracting during the depressurization of the metered amount after its metering.

[0014] None of the above-mentioned documents satisfactorily solves the problem of producing a homogeneous and constant-weight molded part, since either a sequential retraction of the conveyor screw with, if necessary, subsequent reversing of the conveyor screw takes place, or the retraction and reversing of the conveyor screw are coordinated with regard to the back pressure, but other relevant process parameters are not taken into account.

[0015] The first point is that before decompression or pressure relief (regardless of whether it is axial or rotary), the initial conditions for ending the dispensing process are not precisely defined or are not optimally created for a defined end. During the dispensing process, the measured actual values, such as torque or back pressure, are subject to dynamic overlay influenced, among other things, by material characteristics (e.g., dust content, granulate shape, material viscosity, material type, or material class). Therefore, the values measured by the sensors do not correspond to the actual data present in the plasticized mass and are also dependent on material characteristics that can be subject to fluctuations.

[0016] Another point is the topic of sequential pressure relief through axial and rotational pressure relief. In the known processes, the pressure is relieved either purely axially or through rotation, or the combination of both is described, at best, as a sequential sequence. This causes the problem that with purely axial decompression, the clamped pressure is relieved at the end of the dispensing process, and thus the dispensed quantity increases passively (depending on previously existing dynamic effects and material properties, wear on plasticizing components, and much more). If a dynamically unaltered operating point is reached beforehand, at least the dynamic effects can be eliminated.

[0017] This is not sufficient to eliminate other influencing factors. After the pressure has been released, an increase in the metered volume can still be observed. Therefore, even in the depressurized state, the metered volume continues to increase due to dynamic rheological effects upon axial displacement of the screw conveyor.

[0018] However, if the pressure is now released by rotation, the added volume decreases with increasing angle of rotation. Both effects depend on material properties and other external factors, which are themselves subject to fluctuations, and thus negatively influence the consistency of the added volume.

[0019] The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method and an injection molding unit of an injection molding machine operating according to the method, in which an axial movement of the conveyor screw as well as its rotational movement at the end of the dosing process are carried out in a coordinated manner, taking into account the relevant process parameters, so that a homogeneous and constant-weight molded part can be produced.

[0020] This object is achieved by a method according to the features of patent claim 1.

[0021] This is a method for drive-synchronized dosing control in an injection molding machine with a temperature-controlled plasticizing cylinder to which plasticizable material is fed, which is plasticized therein and which is then dosed in a dosing chamber of the plasticizing cylinder, taking into account first process parameters, in particular a back pressure and a return speed of the material due to the back pressure, by axial movement and rotational movement of a conveyor screw, with the steps according to the characterizing part of claim 1. This advantageously makes it possible to produce a homogeneous and constant-weight molded part. In particular, the two-stage reversing of the conveyor screw during pressure relief and decompression counteracts an increase in the weight of the molded part, whereas the simultaneous retraction of the conveyor screw counteracts a decrease in weight.

[0022] The object is also achieved by an injection molding unit of an injection molding machine according to the features of patent claim 11, which is suitable for carrying out the method.

[0023] Advantageous further developments are the subject of the dependent patent claims.

[0024] Preferably, the dosing of the predetermined dosing quantity during the stopping of the dosing process, independent of dynamic superpositions of the other process parameters, can be achieved particularly well either by allowing the desired curves of the drives to be freely selected in their form, or by variably adjusting both the desired curve of the drive for axially moving the conveyor screw and the desired curve of the drive for rotating the conveyor screw.

[0025] The pressure relief of the predetermined dosing quantity in the dosing chamber can preferably be carried out by simultaneous axial movement of the conveyor screw and rotation of the conveyor screw at the first target speed in order to advantageously control the pressure relief with both drives.

[0026] Preferably, the setpoint curves of the first and further process parameters can be determined from: mathematical functions, filtering of step shapes or other signal waveforms, restrictions on the maximum rate of change of the signal, the first, second and third derivatives. This allows the corresponding curves to be adapted from cycle to cycle to the boundary conditions, such as changing material properties, quickly and with little computational effort.

[0027] Preferably, the drive for rotation and the drive for axial movement of the conveyor screw can be synchronized with each other such that synchronized movements of the conveyor screw are coupled, dependent on each other, and / or synchronized with each other. This advantageously allows a gentle target point to be reached at the end of the dosing process, at which the movements of the conveyor screw end.

[0028] In other preferred embodiments of the method, which allow for an even further increase in dosing accuracy, the value of the second target speed is lower than the value of the first target speed. Alternatively, an axial speed of the conveyor screw is set to zero or a predetermined positive value during rotation at the first target speed.

[0029] Preferably, the further process parameters comprise at least one material characteristic such as a granulate shape, a dust content of the plasticizable material, a material viscosity, a material type or a material class in order to advantageously produce a homogeneous and weight-constant molded part taking into account the specific material properties.

[0030] Preferably, the additional process parameters can also include at least one of the following process parameters: conveyor screw geometry, conveyor screw wear, and non-return valve geometry. By advantageously taking the geometric relationships and framework conditions into account, the dosage amount can be advantageously optimized to obtain consistently high-quality injection-molded parts.

[0031] The problem is also solved by a computer program product. For a fast, safe, and reliable dosing movement, the computer program product is provided with a program code stored on a computer-readable medium for carrying out the method described above using the injection molding unit described above.

[0032] The features listed individually in the patent claims can be combined with one another in a technologically meaningful manner and can be supplemented by explanatory facts from the description and by details from the figures, whereby further embodiments of the invention are shown.

[0033] The invention will now be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. Shown are: Fig. 1 shows a representation of the plasticizing cylinder and its drives, Fig. 2 shows a schematic block diagram with plasticizing cylinder and control unit of the injection molding unit, Fig. 3a - 3c shows various curves of the linear speed and the speed of the conveyor screw as well as the back pressure in the dosing chamber, Fig. 4a shows a control sequence according to a first embodiment, Fig. 4b, 4c shows curves of the return speed and the braking behavior in the embodiment according to Fig. 4a , Fig. 5 a control sequence according to a second embodiment, Fig. 6a - 6c curves relating to the change in the molded part weight over time of the decompression stroke and / or the return angle, Detailed description of preferred embodiments

[0034] The invention will now be explained in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the embodiments are only examples and are not intended to limit the inventive concept to a particular arrangement. Before describing the invention in detail, it should be pointed out that it is not limited to the specific components of the device and the specific method steps, since these components and methods can vary. The terms used herein are intended to describe particular embodiments only and are not to be used in a limiting sense. Furthermore, when the singular or indefinite article is used in the description or claims, this also refers to the plural of these elements, unless the overall context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0035] Fig. 1 shows an injection molding unit 1 with an injection mold 5, a plasticizing cylinder 10, a conveyor screw 20, a drive 30 for axially moving the conveyor screw 20, and a drive 40 for rotating the conveyor screw 20. Furthermore, it has a conveyor screw absolute travel transducer 50 for converting an absolute axial travel of the conveyor screw into an electrical signal, a transducer 60 for converting a rotational speed or angle of rotation of the conveyor screw 20 into electrical signals, a transducer 70 for converting a back pressure in a dosing chamber in front of a free end of the conveyor screw 20 into an electrical signal, and a transducer for converting the return speed of the material due to the back pressure into an electrical signal. Alternatively, the signal from the transducer 50 (travel) can be derived to determine the return speed.

[0036] In addition, transducers 90 are provided for converting additional first process parameters, such as a plasticizing cylinder travel and a temperature of the plasticizing cylinder 10 or the material, which are used in already known processes or injection molding machines with corresponding methods for stopping the drives 30, 40. The transducers 90 also serve to convert further process parameters into electrical signals, such as a material viscosity of the plasticizable material, a granulate shape and a dust content of the plasticizable material, a conveyor screw geometry, a conveyor screw wear, and a non-return valve geometry of a non-return valve arranged near the free end of the conveyor screw.

[0037] Fig. 2 shows a schematic block diagram of the injection molding unit 1 with an injection mold 5, a plasticizing cylinder 10, the measuring transducers 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and a control unit 100. Also shown therein are a motor controller 150 for the drive 30 for axially moving the conveyor screw 20 and a motor controller 160 for the drive 40 for rotating the conveyor screw 20. Also shown are setting means 110 for force, speed, rpm, pressure, etc., storage means 120 for storing set values, means 130 for calculating a setpoint curve and comparison means 140 for comparing actual and setpoint values, which are components of the control unit 100.

[0038] Fig. 3a und 3b show the curves of the target axial movement speed v of the conveyor screw 20 and the rotational speed n of the conveyor screw as well as the resulting back pressure p in the dosing chamber in front of a free end of the conveyor screw 20.

[0039] In the method according to the invention for drive-synchronized dosing control in an injection molding machine, an injection molding unit 1 is used with a temperature-controlled plasticizing cylinder 10 with an axial axis, which has a material receptacle and, at a spaced-apart area, a material discharge nozzle 15, and in which a conveyor screw 20 with a non-return valve is arranged, which is movable along the axial axis and rotatable about this axis. The material receptacle can be provided at one end of the plasticizing cylinder 10, and the material discharge nozzle 15 at an opposite end. In principle, the plasticizing cylinder can be axially movable in a cylinder axis of the injection molding machine, for example, to position a material discharge nozzle 15 on an injection molding tool.

[0040] The procedure includes the following steps: Feeding plasticizable material, such as in particular a granulate, into the material receptacle of the plasticizing cylinder 10, Plasticizing the material by rotating the conveyor screw 20 and the resulting frictional heat and / or temperature control of the plasticizing cylinder 10, Conveying the plasticized material into a metering chamber of the plasticizing cylinder 10 in front of a free end of the conveyor screw 20 by rotating the conveyor screw 20 in a first direction, whereby a back pressure is formed in the metering chamber, whereby the conveyor screw 20 is moved axially away from the material discharge nozzle 15 and a metering process is initiated, Detecting and storing first process parameters in a control unit 100 of the injection molding unit 1, in particular an absolute conveyor screw path, a speed of the conveyor screw 20, a rotation angle of the conveyor screw 20, a plasticizing cylinder path, the dynamic pressure,a return speed of the material due to the back pressure and a temperature of the plasticizing cylinder 10. Recording, storing and / or providing further process parameters in the control unit 100, which are dependent on the material to be plasticized, evaluating the first and further process parameters to determine whether a predetermined dosing quantity has been reached in the dosing chamber and consequently stopping the dosing process by synchronized termination of the rotation and axial movement of the conveyor screw 20, single or multiple pressure relief of the predetermined dosing quantity in the dosing chamber by axial movement of the conveyor screw 20 and / or rotating the conveyor screw 20 at a first target speed in a second direction opposite to the first direction up to a target angle of rotation of the conveyor screw 20 and / or a target back pressure in the dosing chamber,and single or multiple decompression of the predetermined dosing quantity in the dosing chamber by simultaneous axial movement of the conveyor screw 20 and rotation of the conveyor screw 20 at a second target speed in the second direction up to a predetermined or predeterminable position at a target distance of the conveyor screw 20 from the material discharge nozzle 15 and / or at a target distance from a previously detected position of the conveyor screw, wherein a drive for rotation 40 and a drive 30 for axially moving the conveyor screw are synchronized with one another taking into account at least one actual value of the first and the further process parameters in such a way that a dosing of the predetermined dosing quantity independent of dynamic superpositions of the further process parameters and a simultaneous stopping of both drives 30, 40 at the end of the dosing process take place, wherein the stopping of the two drives 30,40 is initiated depending on the return speed of the material and is synchronized either in real time or at the start of the stop process with target curves of the drives 30, 40 determined depending on the actual values, and at least the target curve of one of the two drives 30, 40 is variably adjusted. ,

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the pressure relief of the predetermined dosing quantity in the dosing chamber can be achieved by simultaneously axially moving the conveyor screw 20 and rotating the conveyor screw 20 at the first target speed. In principle, however, a simultaneous stopping of both drives can also be achieved if, during the stopping operation, one drive is already in a stop state at that time.

[0042] First, the plasticizable material, particularly in the form of granules, is fed into the material receptacle of the plasticizing cylinder 10. The material is then plasticized by rotating the conveyor screw 20 in a first direction and the resulting frictional heat and / or by tempering the plasticizing cylinder 10. During the time period t1, the material is moved in front of a free end of the conveyor screw 20 into a metering chamber of the plasticizing cylinder 10. A back pressure builds up in the metering chamber, causing the conveyor screw 20 to move axially backward. The plasticized material can be conveyed into the metering chamber at a predetermined speed and a predetermined metering path.

[0043] As first process parameters, for example, at least one process parameter comprising an absolute travel of the conveyor screw, a speed of the conveyor screw 20, a rotation angle of the conveyor screw 20, a travel of the conveyor screw 20, a back pressure, a return speed of the material due to the back pressure or a temperature of the plasticizing cylinder 10 is recorded and stored in a control unit 100 of the injection molding unit 1.

[0044] Further process parameters, such as a granulate shape or a dust content of the plasticizable material, a material viscosity, a material type, a material class, are recorded as material-dependent parameters and stored in the control unit 100. Further process parameters can also include a conveyor screw geometry, conveyor screw wear, or a non-return valve geometry, which are recorded and stored in the control unit 100.

[0045] Subsequently, the first and further process parameters are evaluated to determine whether a predetermined dosing quantity has been reached in the dosing chamber and, as a result, a drive 30 for axially moving the conveyor screw 20 and a drive 40 for rotating the conveyor screw 20 are stopped in a synchronized manner during the time period t2 to stop the dosing.

[0046] At the end of dosing after time period t2, in time period t3, to relieve pressure or decompress the material in the dosing chamber, the conveyor screw 20 is rotated in a direction opposite to the first direction at a first speed, with the axial speed of the conveyor screw 20 being synchronized therewith. In time period t4, the decompression of the material in the dosing chamber is continued, with the conveyor screw 20 continuing to rotate at a second speed and the axial speed of the conveyor screw 20 being synchronized therewith. During pressure relief or decompression, the axial speed of the conveyor screw 20 is synchronized to the speed of the conveyor screw 20 in such a way that no dynamic distortions arise within the dosing quantity that could lead to subsequent overflow or the formation of cavities within the molded part to be produced.

[0047] In a further embodiment, the target speed of the conveyor screw 20 can also be synchronized with the axial speed of the conveyor screw. The reversing at different speeds and adjustment of the axial speed of the conveyor screw 20 during pressure relief or decompression thus takes place in at least two stages. In principle, more than two stages can also be provided, whereby, as needed, the speed can be reduced or increased from step to step.

[0048] A "single or multiple pressure relief" of the predetermined dosing quantity in the dosing chamber and a "single or multiple decompression" of the predetermined dosing quantity in the dosing chamber are understood to mean, for example, single or multi-stage or parallel axial movements and rotary movements not only via stages, but also via freely selectable curve profiles that can be controlled as a setpoint.

[0049] The setpoint curves can be determined from: mathematical functions filtering of step shapes or other signal waveforms, restrictions on the maximum rate of change of the signal, the first, second and third derivatives.

[0050] A target distance of the conveyor screw 20 from the material discharge nozzle 15 is understood to be a specific geometric distance that is calculated as a target and controlled towards. In principle, such a target can also be achieved, for example, by determining positions relative to the previously approached positions, for example, at the end of the synchronized termination of dosing. The variables target back pressure, target angle, target rotation angle, and target distance can therefore alternatively be determined relative to previously recorded actual values of pressure, angle, and distance.

[0051] The method can be used in an injection molding unit 1 of an injection molding machine having a temperature-controlled plasticizing cylinder 10 with an axial axis, a material receptacle and a material discharge nozzle 15 spaced therefrom, and in which a conveyor screw 20 with a non-return valve is arranged, movable along the axial axis and rotatable about this axis. It further comprises a drive 40 for rotating and a drive 30 for axially moving the conveyor screw 20, a control unit 100 of the injection molding unit 1, and means for detecting and storing first and further process parameters in the control unit 100.

[0052] By synchronizing the drives 30, 40, or the rotational speed and axial speed of the screw conveyor 20, during dosing stoppage, the dependence of the dosed volume (shot weight) on the rotational speed of the screw conveyor 20 is significantly reduced. Furthermore, dynamic and / or geometric dependencies are eliminated, which make it possible to perform a back pressure error correction in real time during dosing and determine the actual back pressure. This also enables a significant reduction in the difference in the dosed volume between two differently parameterized injection molding units 1.

[0053] Preferably, the dosing of the predetermined dosing quantity during the stopping of the dosing process, independent of dynamic superpositions of the other process parameters, can be achieved particularly well either by the setpoint curves of the drives 30, 40 being freely selectable in their form, or by both the setpoint curve of the drive 30 for axially moving the conveyor screw 20 and the setpoint curve of the drive 40 for rotating the conveyor screw 20 being variably adapted.

[0054] In the current state of the art, the measured actual values such as torque or back pressure during the dosing process are subject to dynamic overlay, influenced, among other things, by material characteristics (e.g., dust content, granulate shape, material viscosity, material type, or material class). Therefore, the values measured by the sensors do not correspond to the actual data present in the plasticized mass and are also dependent on material characteristics that can be subject to fluctuations. Therefore, a defined operating point should be achieved at the end of the dosing process before any type of decompression or pressure relief takes place in order to obtain measured values that are independent of dynamic overlays of the other process parameters.

[0055] Starting from this point, the measured values produce significantly better information and can be used for subsequent control and regulation.

[0056] Another point is the issue of sequential pressure relief through axial and rotational pressure relief versus parallel pressure relief. In the known processes, the pressure is either relieved purely axially or via rotation, or the combination of both is best described as a sequential sequence. This means that with purely axial decompression at the end of the dispensing process, the clamped pressure is relieved and thus the dispensed quantity increases passively (depending on previously existing dynamic effects and material properties, wear on plasticizing components, and much more) (time period t11 in Fig. 6a ). If an operating point independent of dynamic superpositions of the other process parameters is approached beforehand, at least the dynamic effects can be eliminated.

[0057] This is not sufficient to eliminate the other influencing factors. After the pressure has relaxed, an increase in the dosed volume can still be observed (time period t12 in Fig. 6a ). Therefore, even in the pressureless state, the metered volume is further increased by dynamic rheological effects when the conveyor screw 20 is axially displaced.

[0058] However, if the pressure is now released by rotation, the added volume will decrease with increasing angle of rotation. This effect also depends on the material properties (see Fig. 6b ).

[0059] Both effects depend on material properties and other external factors, which themselves are subject to fluctuations and thus negatively influence the constancy of the dosed volume.

[0060] Therefore, according to the invention, a combination of axial and rotary motion is used with the aim of neither increasing nor decreasing the metered volume during decompression or pressure relief. This is only possible through a coordinated parallel rotational and axial movement of the conveyor screw 20. Furthermore, the parallel operation of the two movements enables time savings.

[0061] This can be seen in Fig. 6c , which compares a sequential process of pressure relief through rotation and subsequent axial decompression with a pressure relief and decompression in which the axial and rotational movements were carried out at least partially simultaneously. Although the increase in volume in the sequential process is not as drastic as in Fig. 6a However, the weight increase due to longer decompression distances is still present. This can be prevented by appropriate parallel procedures.

[0062] In a further variant of the method, sections t3 and t4 can be Fig. 3a , 3c be replaced by several sections of the freely selectable number n or by freely selectable curves of the speed and axial speed of the conveyor screw ( Fig. 3c ). It is also possible for one parameter to assume a single curve shape and the other to assume multiple steps, and vice versa. The start of the steps can also be dependent on the other signal, with a freely selectable curve shape.

[0063] The curves can be generated, for example, by mathematical functions, filtering of existing step curves or polygons, restrictions of the maximum rate of change of the signal, the first, second and third derivatives.

[0064] Fig. 4a describes a control sequence of the time periods t1 and t2 from Fig. 3a or Fig. 3b . In Fig. 4a Step 401 describes how the speed of the screw conveyor and the applied back pressure are controlled during the dosing process. The resulting return speed is a resultant dependent on material behavior, screw wear, screw geometry, and other parameters (see Fig. 4a and Fig. 4b ).

[0065] Step 402 in Fig. 4a describes that the return speed of the conveyor screw 20 is continuously recorded during dosing. Likewise, during dosing, the currently resulting braking distance is continuously calculated from the actual speed and a predetermined acceleration. In a further variant, in step 402, the resulting braking time can also be calculated from the existing actual speed of the conveyor screw 20 and a predetermined angular acceleration. At the same time, a shutdown time is calculated from the current actual speed. The resulting braking distance can also be calculated from this shutdown time and the current linear speed.

[0066] In step 403, a check is made to determine whether the current actual value s ist axial is greater than or equal to the target metering distance sz minus the calculated braking distance ds,b. If this condition is met, the braking phase is initiated in step 404. If this condition is not met, the process returns to step 401.

[0067] In step 404, the current actual values of the axial return speed and the speed of the conveyor screw 20 at the beginning of the braking time are then recorded to initiate the braking process.

[0068] In step 405, the braking process is initiated by specifying a target position ss(t) of the conveyor screw 20, calculated from the target metering distance sz minus the calculated braking distance ds,b plus the detected return speed vr,b of the conveyor screw multiplied by the time t minus the linear target acceleration as multiplied by the time t 2< from the initiation of the braking process squared divided by 2 s s t = s z − ds brems + v r * t − 0 , 5 * a s * t 2

[0069] In step 406, the axial return speed is recorded, which results from the setpoint specification from step 405.

[0070] In step 407, the target value of the dosing speed nd (t) is calculated, calculated from the actual value of the axial return speed vr divided by the axial return speed at the initiation of the braking process vr,B multiplied by the speed of the conveyor screw 20 at the initiation of the braking process nd,B n d t = v r , / v r , B * n d , B

[0071] In a further variant of the method, steps 404 to 407 can also be carried out recursively, so that in order to calculate the target position, newly recorded actual values of the axial return speed and the rotational speed are recorded in each control cycle and the time step then corresponds to the controller cycle.

[0072] In step 408, a check is performed to determine whether the current axial actual travel s of the conveyor screw 20 is greater than or equal to the target dosing travel ss,d. If this condition is met, the dosing process is terminated (step 409). In the recursively calculated variant of steps 404 to 407 described above, the program would then return to step 404 if the check yields a negative result.

[0073] In Fig. 4b is shown how different resulting axial return speeds affect the braking behavior. The behavior shown is that which results when the resulting axial return speed of the worm (vr,b ) varies by dv +- (v ,rb +dv; v ,rb -dv). This also results in the associated behavior of the speed of the rotary drive, which results in the standard case (nd) or in cases with dv higher (nd for vr,b +dv) or lower axial return speed ((nd for vr,b -dv). Depending on the axial return speed, the braking behavior of the rotary axis is modified so that both axes come to a standstill at the same time.

[0074] In Fig. 4c Another variant is shown, where the braking behavior of the axial movement is adjusted so that at different return speeds both the linear axis and the rotational axis come to a standstill simultaneously. Fig. 4b und Fig. 4c The linear braking behavior shown is an example. This can also take any conceivable nonlinear form.

[0075] Fig. 5 describes a variant of the control sequence concerning the time period t3 + t4 in the Fig. 3a, 3b and 3c . Step 501 of Fig. 5a describes the dosing cycle of an injection molding machine (time period t1). Step 502 describes the Fig. 4a described braking process during the time period t2. Step 503 describes the time at which the dosing is completed.

[0076] Due to the previously achieved targeted synchronization of both the axial movement and the rotational movement of the screw conveyor 20, it is now possible to measure the pressures of the material in the screw antechamber and / or other physical parameters independently of rheological-dynamic effects. This forms the basis for precise pressure relief and decompression.

[0077] Step 504 describes the initialization time of pressure relief and decompression. The current angular position of the conveyor screw 20 is measured using the measuring device 60 and saved as the zero or reference position (α ist = 0). An internal setpoint α z,Soll,int is also generated. This internal setpoint is generated from the editable additional angle α z,Soll. Likewise, the internal setpoint ps,Soll,int of a pressure is generated from the editable setpoint ps,Soll. α z , Soll , int = α z , Soll p s , Soll , int = p s , Soll

[0078] In another variant of Fig. 5 In step 504, the internal target values α z,target and ps, a function should be dependent on at least one material characteristic. Examples of material characteristics include a granulate shape, a dust content of the plasticizable material, a material viscosity, a material type, or a material class.

[0079] Both values can also independently assume the value 0. Likewise, only one of the two values α z,desired and ps,desired can be active and the other inactive. Therefore, in an exemplary embodiment, the pressure ps,desired can be inactive and the angle α z,desired can be active and dependent on a material characteristic.

[0080] In step 505 to step 508, the time period t3 is Fig. 3a bis 3b described. Step 505 describes the execution of the pressure relief section with parallel axial movement of the conveyor screw 20 with axial velocity va,1 and rotary movement nr,1 . The values va,1 and nr,1 can be formed by constant values, entire profiles, or by freely selectable curve shapes based on mathematical functions. The curves of the two parameters, rotational speed and axial velocity of the conveyor screw 20, can be independent of one another or dependent on one another, n=f(v) or v=f(n). Both values can also assume the value 0 independently of one another.

[0081] In a further variant, the values va,1 and nr,1 can be calculated from measured values in the time periods t1 and / or t2. Another variant of step 505 determines the magnitude, the function, and / or the interdependence of va,1 and nr,1 from design data or rheological, thermal, and / or fluid mechanical calculations derived therefrom.

[0082] In step 506, a check is made to determine whether the magnitude of the current actual angle of rotation α is greater than or equal to a previously specified maximum angle of rotation α max, target. α max, target can be editable, calculated by statistical analysis, or a dependency of a material characteristic. a ist > = α max , soll

[0083] If the condition in step 506 is met, the process continues to step 509. If it is not met, a check is carried out in step 507 to determine whether the currently measured actual pressure p ist is less than or equal to the specified target pressure ps, soll from step 504. If this condition is not met, the internal target angle of rotation α z, Soll,int is newly calculated from the addition of the target value α z, Soll and the currently measured angle of rotation α ist . The process then returns to step 505.

[0084] If the condition is met, the program continues with step 508. In step 508, it is checked whether the magnitude of the current actual angle of rotation α is greater than or equal to the internal target angle of rotation α z,setpoint,int. If the condition is not met, the program returns to step 505. If the condition is met, the program continues with step 509.

[0085] Steps 509 and 510 describe the time period t4 in Fig. 3a or 3b. Step 509 describes the execution of the pressure relief section with parallel axial movement of the conveyor screw 20 with va,2 and rotary movement nr,2 . The values va,2 and nr,2 can be formed by constant values, entire profiles, or by freely selectable curve shapes using mathematical functions. The courses of the two parameters, rotational speed and axial velocity of the conveyor screw, can be independent of one another or dependent on one another n=f(v) or v=f(n). Both values can also assume the value 0 independently of one another. In a further variant, the values va,2 and nr,2 can be calculated from measured values in the time periods t1, t2 and / or t3.

[0086] A further variant of step 509 determines the magnitude, the function and / or the interdependence of va,2 and nr,2 from design data or rheological, thermal and / or fluid mechanical calculations derived therefrom.

[0087] Step 510 describes the check to determine whether the current axial actual travel of the screw conveyor is greater than or equal to the target decompression travel ss,de. The target decompression travel ss,de can be edited, calculated based on design features of the screw conveyor 20 and other plasticizing components, or based on other process parameters.

[0088] If this condition is met, the pressure relief process (t3 + t4 in Fig. 3a +3b) ends with step 511. If the condition is not met, the process returns to step 509.

[0089] Fig. 6a shows the resulting metered volume present in the screw antechamber after decompression, with purely axial decompression. The volume increases with increasing stroke, with two distinct sections. These sections vary in severity depending on the material properties and previous process parameters and dynamic influences. In section t11, the volume increases sharply in relation to the stroke, as the pressure in the screw flights is relieved here. Subsequently, in section t12, the volume increases further due to dynamic rheological effects.

[0090] Fig. 6b shows the added volume plotted against a reverse rotation angle during pressure relief by simply turning back. Here, too, the characteristic curve depends on material properties, but always with a trend toward smaller volumes with increasing reverse rotation angle.

[0091] Fig. 6c shows the comparison of a sequential combination of back-turning and axial decompression and a sequence in which back-turning and axial movement are carried out in parallel in a suitable manner. It can be seen that the increase in the dosing volume is not as pronounced with the sequential combination as with Fig. 6a However, it is still clearly present. However, with a suitable parallel process, the added volume can be kept at a roughly constant level.

[0092] In other preferred embodiments of the method, which make it possible to further increase the accuracy of the dosing, the value of the second target speed is lower than the value of the first target speed ( Fig. 3a, 3b ). Alternatively, an axial speed of the conveyor screw 20 during rotation at the first target speed is set to zero ( Fig. 3b ) or a predetermined positive value ( Fig. 3a ) set.

[0093] An injection molding unit 1 of a machine for processing plastics and other plasticizable materials can be configured to carry out the process. It comprises a temperature-controlled plasticizing cylinder 10 with an axial axis, which has a material receptacle at one end, configured for supplying plasticizable material, and a material discharge nozzle 15 at an opposite end. A screw conveyor 20 with a non-return valve is arranged in the plasticizing cylinder 10 and is movable along the axial axis and rotatable thereabout.A drive is provided for rotating the conveyor screw 20 in the plasticizing cylinder 10 and is configured to plasticize material by rotating the conveyor screw 20 and the resulting frictional heat and / or by controlling the temperature of the plasticizing cylinder 10, and to convey plasticized material into a metering chamber of the plasticizing cylinder 10 in front of a free end of the conveyor screw 20 by rotating the conveyor screw 20 in a first direction, whereby a back pressure is created in the metering chamber, whereby the conveyor screw 20 moves axially away from the material discharge nozzle 15 and a metering process is initiated. A drive 30 is provided for axially moving the conveyor screw 20. The injection molding unit further has a control unit 100 and means for detecting and storing first and further process parameters in the control unit 100.

[0094] Means for recording and storing further process parameters and / or means for providing further process parameters in the control unit 100 are provided, wherein the further process parameters are at least also dependent on the material to be plasticized. An evaluation unit is provided and configured to evaluate the first and further process parameters to determine whether a predetermined dosing quantity has been reached in the dosing chamber and to output a signal to the control unit 100 upon reaching the predetermined dosing quantity. The control unit 100 is configured, via control means for controlling the drives 30, 40, to stop the dosing process by synchronously terminating the rotation of the conveyor screw 20 and the axial movement of the conveyor screw 20.

[0095] Pressure relief means are provided which are configured for single or multiple pressure relief of the predetermined dosing quantity in the dosing chamber by axial movement of the conveyor screw 20 and / or rotation of the conveyor screw 20 at a first target speed in a second direction opposite to the first direction up to a target angle of rotation of the conveyor screw 20 and / or a target back pressure in the dosing chamber.

[0096] Decompression means are provided which are configured for single or multiple decompression of the predetermined dosing quantity in the dosing chamber by preferably simultaneous axial movement of the conveyor screw 20 and rotation of the conveyor screw 20 at a second target speed in the second direction up to a predetermined or predeterminable position at a target distance of the conveyor screw 20 from the material discharge nozzle 15 and / or at a target distance from a previously detected position of the conveyor screw 20.In this case, a drive 40 for rotating and a drive 30 for axially moving the conveyor screw 20 are synchronized with one another, taking into account at least one actual value of the first and the further process parameters, in such a way that the predetermined dosing quantity is added independently of dynamic superpositions of the further process parameters and both drives 30, 40 are stopped at the end of the dosing process, wherein the stopping of the two drives 30, 40 is initiated depending on the return speed of the material and is synchronized either in real time or at the start of the stopping process with target curves of the drives 30, 40 determined depending on the actual values, and wherein at least the target curve of one of the two drives 30, 40 is variably adapted.

[0097] A computer program product having a program code stored on a computer-readable medium can be used to carry out the method, preferably by generating control commands for the control unit and / or the parts of the machine on the basis of the program code. Bezugszeichenliste

[0098] 1 Injection molding unit 5 Injection mold 10 Plasticizing cylinder 15 Material discharge nozzle 20 Conveyor screw 30 Drive for axial movement of the conveyor screw 40 Drive for rotating the conveyor screw 50 Absolute position transducer of the conveyor screw 60 Speed / angle transducer of the conveyor screw 70 Back pressure transducer 80 Transducer for the return speed of the material 90 Transducers for additional initial and further process parameters 100 Control unit 110 Setting means for force, speed, rpm, pressure, etc. 120 Storage means for storing set values 130 Means for calculating a setpoint curve 140 Comparison means for comparing actual and set values 150 Motor controller for the drive for axial movement of the conveyor screw 160 Motor controller for the drive for rotating the conveyor screw

Claims

1. A method for drive-synchronized dosing control of an injection molding unit (1) of a machine for processing plastics and other plasticizable materials, comprising a temperature-controllable plasticizing cylinder (10) which has an axial axis and which has a material intake and, in a region at a spacing therefrom, a material discharge nozzle (15), and arranged in which is a conveying screw (20) that is movable along and rotatable about the axial axis and comprises a backflow blocking device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: - supplying plasticizable material to the material intake of the plasticizing cylinder (10), - plasticizing the material as a result of rotating the conveying screw (20) and the resulting frictional heat and / or temperature control of the plasticizing cylinder (10), - conveying the plasticized material into a dosing chamber of the plasticizing cylinder (10) in front of a free end of the conveying screw (20) by rotating the conveying screw (20) in a first direction, wherein a dynamic pressure is formed in the dosing chamber, as a result of which the conveying screw (20) is moved axially away from the material discharge nozzle (15) and a dosing procedure is initiated, - detecting and storing, in a control unit (100) of the injection molding unit (1), first process parameters, in particular a conveying screw absolute position, a speed of rotation of the conveying screw (20), an angle of rotation of the conveying screw (20), a plasticizing cylinder travel, the dynamic pressure, a speed of return of the material as a result of the dynamic pressure, or a temperature of the plasticizing cylinder (10), - detecting and storing and / or providing in the control unit (100) further process parameters, which are dependent on the material to be plasticized, - single or multiple pressure relief of the predetermined dosed quantity in the dosing chamber as a result of axial movement of the conveying screw (20) and / or rotation of the conveying screw (20) at a first setpoint speed of rotation in a second direction, opposed to the first direction, until a target angle of rotation of the conveying screw (20) and / or a target dynamic pressure in the dosing chamber is reached, characterized in that the method moreover comprises: - evaluating the first and further process parameters for the purpose of determining whether a predetermined dosing quantity has been reached in the dosing chamber, and as a result stopping the dosing procedure by bringing rotation of the conveying screw (20) and axial movement of the conveying screw (20) to an end in synchronized manner, - and - single or multiple decompression of the predetermined dosed quantity in the dosing chamber by simultaneous axial movement of the conveying screw (20) and rotation of the conveying screw (20) at a second setpoint speed of rotation in the second direction until a predetermined or predeterminable position at a target distance of the conveying screw (20) from the material discharge nozzle (15) and / or at a target distance from a previously detected position of the conveying screw (20) is reached, - wherein respectively a drive (40) for rotation and a drive (30) for axial movement of the conveying screw (20) are synchronized to one another, taking into account at least one actual value each of the first and the further process parameters, such that a dosing of the predetermined dosing quantity, independent on dynamic superimpositions of the further process parameters, and simultaneous stopping of both drives (30, 40) at the end of the dosing procedure are performed, wherein stopping of the two drives (30, 40) is initiated depending on the speed of return of the material and is synchronized, either in real time or at the start of the stopping procedure, with setpoint curves of the drives (30, 40) that are determined depending on the actual values, and wherein at least the setpoint curve of one of the two drives (30, 40) is variably adapted.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the shape of the setpoint curves of the drives (30, 40) is freely selectable.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that both the setpoint curve of the drive (30) for axially moving the conveying screw (20) and the setpoint curve of the drive (40) for rotating the conveying screw (20) are variably adapted.

4. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that pressure relief of the predetermined dosed quantity in the dosing chamber is performed by simultaneous axial movement of the conveying screw (20) and rotation of the conveying screw (20) at the first setpoint speed of rotation.

5. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the setpoint courses of the first and further process parameters are determined from: - mathematical functions, - filtering of step shapes or other signal courses, - limiting of the maximum rate of change of the signal, the first, second and third derivatives.

6. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive (40) for rotation and the drive (30) for axial movement of the conveying screw (20) are synchronized to one another such that movements of the conveying screw (20) that are executed in synchronized manner are coupled, dependent on one another and / or synchronized to one another.

7. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the value of the second setpoint speed of rotation is lower than the value of the first setpoint speed of rotation.

8. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, during rotation at the first setpoint speed of rotation, an axial speed of the conveying screw (20) is set to zero or to a predetermined positive value.

9. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the further process parameters comprise at least one material characteristic, such as a material type, a material class, a granule shape, a dust content of the plasticizable material, or a material viscosity.

10. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the further process parameters comprise at least one of the following process parameters: conveyor screw geometry, conveyor screw wear, backflow blocking device geometry.

11. An injection molding unit (1) of a machine for processing plastics and other plasticizable materials, comprising: - a temperature-controllable plasticizing cylinder (10) comprising an axial axis and, at one end, a material intake configured for supplying plasticizable material, and at an end opposed thereto a material discharge nozzle (15), - arranged in the plasticizing cylinder (10), a conveying screw (20) that is movable along and rotatable about the axial axis and has a backflow blocking device, - a drive (40) for rotating the conveying screw (20) in the plasticizing cylinder (10) configured to plasticize material by rotating the conveying screw (20) and the resulting frictional heat and / or by temperature control of the plasticizing cylinder (10) and to convey plasticized material into a dosing chamber of the plasticizing cylinder (10) in front of a free end of the conveying screw (20) by rotating the conveying screw (20) in a first direction, wherein a dynamic pressure is formed in the dosing chamber, by which the conveying screw (20) is moved axially away from the material discharge nozzle (15) and a dosing procedure is initiated, - a drive (30) for axially moving the conveying screw (20), - a control unit (100) of the injection molding unit (1), and - devices for detecting and storing first and further process parameters in the control unit (100), characterized in that - the injection molding unit (1) is configured to perform the method as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 10.

12. A computer program product having a program code that is stored on a computer-readable medium, for carrying out the method according to one of the claims 1 to 10 by the injection moulding unit according to claim 11.