SIMULATION SYSTEM FOR COMBAT TRAINING OF CREW MEMBERS OF A MILITARY WATERCRAFT

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a simulation system for conducting simultaneous cooperative combat training for a plurality of crew members of a military watercraft. Furthermore, the invention relates to a system comprising a military watercraft and a corresponding simulation system, as well as a method for operating a simulation system for conducting simultaneous cooperative combat training for a plurality of crew members of a military watercraft.

[0002] Operating a military vessel places high demands on the crew members. In addition to fundamental knowledge and skills for operating the vessel, it is essential that crew members understand how to apply this knowledge and these skills, especially under stressful situations, such as combat. This requires training in realistic and stressful scenarios. For example, it may be necessary to train under realistic combat conditions. Such training can generally be conducted using an actual military vessel.However, training using a real military vessel also has its drawbacks: Firstly, military vessels used for training purposes are not available for operational deployments, which can lead to problems maintaining the necessary operational readiness, especially when the number of available military vessels is limited. Furthermore, the range of possible training scenarios, particularly hazardous situations, that can be practiced with a real military vessel is limited. In particular, malfunctions and / or failures of system components can only be practiced to a limited extent under realistic conditions on board a military vessel without endangering the vessel itself or the crew.For example, it is virtually impossible to realistically train for scenarios involving hits on a real military vessel under fire in a combat situation. Furthermore, training under high stress on an actual vessel carries the risk of stress-induced operator errors leading to real risks and complications for the vessel and its crew. For instance, the possibility of accidents, including sinking, cannot be entirely ruled out. Therefore, there is a need for a simulation system for combat training of military vessel crews under the most realistic conditions possible, thus avoiding the aforementioned disadvantages.

[0003] From DE 10 2019 218 110 A1 a method for training a ship's crew on a ship is known.

[0004] From K-SIM Navigation. In: K-SIM Navigation Brochure, Kongsberg Digital, Maritime Simulation, Horton, Norway, January 2020 URL: https: / / kongsbergdigital.com / products / k-sim / k-sim-navigation, simulation technology for a ship's bridge is known.

[0005] From DE 698 29 776 T2 a system and a method for simulating the effect of area-wide weapons are known.

[0006] The use of augmented reality for field training is documented in US 11 132 915 B1.

[0007] Damage characteristics of ship structures caused by shockwaves are known from MING FR ET AL: "Damage characteristics of ship structures subjected to shockwaves of underwater contact explosions", OCEAN ENGINEERING, PERGAMON, AMSTERDAM, NL, Vol. 117, April 4, 2016 (2016-04-04), pages 359-382, XP029521443, ISSN: 0029-8018, DOI: 10.1016 / J.OCEANENG.2016.03.040.

[0008] The invention is based on the objective of creating a simulation system for conducting simultaneous cooperative combat training of a multiple crew members of a military watercraft.

[0009] The problem underlying the invention is solved by the features of the independent claims. Embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

[0010] Implementations include a simulation system for conducting simultaneous cooperative combat training for multiple crew members of a military watercraft. The simulation system comprises an initial simulation environment with a physical control station on the watercraft for training an initial group of crew members.

[0011] The first simulation environment comprises one or more initial physical controls of the watercraft. Each initial physical control is configured to set one or more control parameters for the operation of the watercraft. The control station is configured to acquire the control parameters set by the initial physical controls and communicate them to a simulation interface of the simulation system.

[0012] The simulation system further includes a second simulation environment, spatially separate from the first, for training a second group of crew members. This second simulation environment comprises technical means configured to provide a visual simulation that includes one or more at least partially virtual copies of one or more second physical controls of the vessel for setting the control parameters. The technical means are further configured to capture the control parameters set by these copies and communicate them to the simulation system's interface.

[0013] The simulation system's interface includes a memory. This memory contains an initial database with multiple records of hit parameters for multiple different hit scenarios of the watercraft and the corresponding damage scenarios associated with each hit scenario. The damage scenarios define specific damage parameters for the watercraft. These damage scenarios for the hit scenarios are pre-calculated using a damage model of the watercraft.

[0014] The simulation system is configured to Receiving at least one set of hit parameters for at least one hit on the watercraft from a combat simulation system via the simulation interface during combat training, comparing the received hit parameters with the hit parameters of the data records stored in the first database, determining a data set of hit parameters from the majority of data records in the first database whose hit parameters show the smallest deviations from the received hit parameters, reading the damage scenario associated with the determined data set from the first database, controlling at least the visual simulation provided by the technical means of the second simulation environment to reproduce the read-out damage scenario.

[0015] These systems offer the advantage of allowing realistic training exercises simulating the operation of a military watercraft in the event of damage from a combat hit. The simulation system thus recreates, at least partially, a virtual replica of the military watercraft for training purposes, enabling crew members to practice mitigating damage from combat hits as realistically as possible. In particular, the simulation system allows for the reenactment of the effects of combat hits during combat training, mirroring real-life situations. Damage during combat training is not random; neither its location nor its extent is arbitrary. Rather, the damage represents realistic damage scenarios occurring under realistic conditions.Both the position and the extent of the damage to the military watercraft caused by the simulated combat hits correspond to the position and extent of hits that would be expected under realistic combat conditions.

[0016] Using a simulation system instead of, or in addition to, real-world training for the operation of a military watercraft, particularly for combat training, can offer numerous advantages. The training can be less taxing on equipment, as the military watercraft itself is either not used, used less frequently, or for shorter periods. This reduces wear and tear and saves fuel. Furthermore, using a simulation system allows for more frequent and intensive training, especially in combat situations, since crew members are not simultaneously responsible for the actual routine operation of the military watercraft. Finally, a simulation system also makes it possible to train crew members when the military watercraft itself is not operational.This may be the case, for example, while the military vessel is still under construction or undergoing repairs. It may also be the case that maintenance or modification work is being carried out on the military vessel.

[0017] Calculating realistic damage scenarios for combat hits on a military watercraft is generally very computationally intensive. If hits are calculated using a damage model based, for example, on the finite element method (FEM), the necessary computation time can be so long that calculating realistic scenarios during an ongoing combat exercise, especially in real time, is technically impossible. In contrast, some implementations offer the advantage of enabling the use of realistic damage scenarios calculated with a damage model. For example, the effects of multiple different hits—that is, multiple hit scenarios, each with different hit parameters—are pre-calculated. These hit parameters include, for example, information about the angle of impact, the point of impact, and / or the type of projectile used in each hit.For these preliminary calculations, a damage model, such as one based on FEM, can be used. This allows for a very realistic calculation of combat hits, even if it is extremely computationally intensive. Using the results of these calculations, a damage scenario with damage parameters can be defined for the majority of different hit scenarios, describing the effects of each hit on the military vessel. The damage parameters can, for example, describe a type of damage, such as a fire, water ingress, damage to the vessel's equipment, a malfunction of the vessel's equipment, a failure of the vessel's equipment, the destruction of equipment and / or areas of the vessel, and / or a disruption of technical lines.Furthermore, the damage parameters can define, for example, the position and / or the intensity, i.e., the extent, of the corresponding damage. This information on the hit parameters and the damage parameters calculated for these hits can be stored in data records, for example, in the form of a table. For instance, these data records are stored in a database of the simulation system's simulation interface for use during combat training.

[0018] The hit parameters define, for example, the position, direction, type of projectile causing the hit, and / or the explosive force of the projectile causing the hit. The damage parameters or effect parameters define, for example, the damage resulting from the respective hits or the effect of the respective hits, such as the failure of one or more functional chains and / or one or more devices, a fire, water ingress, structural damage, or an access restriction.

[0019] A hit, for example, can lead to the failure of one or more functional chains within the military vessel, rendering certain functions of the vessel unavailable or inoperable. During combat training, crew members may be tasked with restoring the affected functional chain, switching to a redundant functional chain for vessel operation, and / or providing or controlling the function using alternative means in the event of a functional chain failure. For instance, if a remote control fails, a functional chain failure might necessitate the local operation of a control element, such as a valve. This can be accomplished, for example, using the visual simulation provided by the technical resources of the second simulation environment.A hit, for example, can lead to the failure of one or more devices within the military watercraft. During combat training, crew members may be tasked with repairing, replacing, or switching to a redundant device in the event of a device failure. This might require a crew member to take appropriate action on-site at the site of the failed device. This can be done, for example, using the visual simulation provided by the technical resources of the second simulation environment.

[0020] A hit, for example, could lead to a fire. During combat training, crew members might then be tasked with extinguishing the fire. Additionally, it might be necessary to repair damaged functional chains and / or equipment on the vessel and / or switch to redundant functional chains and / or equipment. This can be done, for example, using the visual simulation provided by the technical resources of the second simulation environment.

[0021] A hit, for example, can lead to water ingress. During combat training, crew members may be tasked with containing the water ingress. Furthermore, they may be required to seal any leaks causing the ingress and / or at least partially remove or pump out the water. Additionally, it may be necessary to repair damaged functional chains and / or equipment of the vessel and / or switch to redundant functional chains and / or equipment. This can be done, for example, using the visual simulation provided by the technical resources of the second simulation environment.

[0022] A hit can, for example, lead to structural damage to the vessel. During combat training, crew members may then be faced with the task of maintaining the vessel's operation despite the damage. Such damage can hinder crew members in performing their duties, for instance, because certain areas of the vessel are no longer accessible or usable, or only to a limited extent, as a result of the damage. It may be necessary, for example, to repair at least some of the structural damage. Additionally, it may be necessary to restore damaged functional chains and / or equipment of the vessel and / or switch to redundant functional chains and / or equipment. This can be done, for example, using the visual simulation provided by the technical means of the second simulation environment.

[0023] A hit can, for example, lead to a ban on access to certain areas of the vessel. This might be the case if entry is too dangerous for crew members, such as due to damage caused by the hit, like unstable structural elements, or adverse environmental influences like heat, smoke, fire, sparks, water, electricity, etc. Furthermore, it might be the case if the relevant areas are inaccessible to crew members or if access would be too difficult.

[0024] If a military watercraft is hit during a combat simulation, this hit is characterized by a number of hit parameters. Based on these hit parameters, which are received, for example, by the combat simulation system, the data set whose hit parameters deviate least from the received hit parameters is determined. Thus, the calculated damage scenario can be determined that most closely approximates the damage scenario that would result from a hit with the hit parameters specified in the combat simulation.This has the advantage that even if different hit scenarios with different hit parameters are possible during a combat simulation, which cannot all be pre-calculated in advance of a combat simulation, realistic damage scenarios can still be determined for all possible hit scenarios, which come closest to the actual damage scenarios.

[0025] For example, the simulation system is connected to a combat simulation system, i.e., a system for simulating an external combat scenario, via an interface, such as the simulation interface. It is also possible that the simulation system includes the corresponding combat simulation system. During the ongoing simulation, i.e., during combat training, the combat simulation system transmits the hit parameters of the corresponding hit to the simulation system, for example, the simulation interface, if the military watercraft is hit. For example, a simulation computer system providing the simulation interface compares the received hit parameters with the hit parameters of the hit scenarios stored in the first database. The first database is therefore a hit database.The database selects the hit scenario with the smallest deviation in hit parameters. The corresponding pre-calculated damage scenario, including its damage parameters, is then retrieved for this selected hit scenario. The first database is therefore also a damage database. The simulation system then displays damage based on the retrieved damage parameters, which the crew members of the military vessel must address simultaneously and cooperatively. These damage parameters define, for example, the position, type, and / or extent of the damage resulting from the hit. For instance, a fire and / or flooding might occur at a saved location. This allows each hit in the ongoing simulation to be assigned to a realistic hit scenario with realistic hit effects.a damage scenario with realistic damage parameters, assigned and displayed with the corresponding realistic hit effects.

[0026] The hit parameters define, for example, the position, direction, type of projectile causing the hit, and / or the explosive force of the projectile causing the hit. The damage parameters or effect parameters define, for example, the damage resulting from the respective hits or the effect of the respective hits, such as the failure of one or more functional chains and / or one or more devices, a fire, water ingress, structural damage, or an access restriction.

[0027] This is how the visual simulation provided by the technical means of the second simulation environment is controlled to reproduce the extracted damage scenario. Using the extracted damage parameters from the specific data set, the corresponding damage scenario is displayed in the visual simulation. For example, damage resulting from the impact is shown at the location, of the type, and / or to the extent defined by the extracted damage parameters. For example, a fire, flooding, and / or other damage is displayed in the visual simulation at a location on the military vessel defined by the damage parameters. This displayed damage must be dealt with by one or more crew members of the military vessel, for example, simultaneously and cooperatively.For example, the damage is displayed to one or more crew members of the second group of crew members training in the second simulation environment on one or more technical means of the second simulation environment, so that these crew members of the second group can train to combat the damage using the technical means of the second simulation environment.

[0028] According to embodiments, the simulation system is further configured to display one or more of the damage parameters of the read-out damage scenario on one or more display devices of the control station.

[0029] Implementations can have the advantage that, using the control station, on which one or more of the damage parameters of the read-out damage scenario are displayed, one or more crew members of the first group of crew members, who are training in the first simulation environment, can participate in mitigating the damage caused by the hit. For example, the control station displays the location and / or type of damage. For example, the damage includes a failure, a malfunction, and / or damage to one or more technical components of the vessel, which are displayed on the control station's displays. For example, failure, malfunction, and / or damage messages are displayed for the corresponding components on the control station's displays.For example, an alarm is triggered at the control room, such as a fire alarm and / or a water ingress alarm. The crew members of the first group can then take active measures to combat the damage and / or its effects. For example, they can initiate countermeasures. For example, they can utilize redundant systems to reallocate resources and thus replace failed, malfunctioning, and / or damaged system components. Furthermore, they can, for example, support and / or coordinate measures taken by crew members of the second group.

[0030] According to embodiments, determining the data set of hit parameters in the first database whose hit parameters have the smallest deviations from the received hit parameters includes calculating differences between the received hit parameters and the hit parameters of the data sets stored in the first database.

[0031] Implementations can have the advantage that, by using the differences between the received hit parameters and the hit parameters of the data records stored in the first database, the deviations between the received hit parameters and the hit parameters of the respective data records can be determined. The data record for whose hit parameters the differences are smallest describes a hit scenario that is most similar to the hit scenario according to the hit parameters received by the combat simulation computer system. This data record is selected, for example, from the first database.

[0032] The hit parameters include, for example, the position of the hit. During the difference calculation, a distance is determined between the position according to the received hit parameters and the positions according to the hit parameters of the records in the first database.

[0033] The hit parameters include, for example, the impact angle of the hit. During the difference calculation, an angular distance is determined between the impact angle according to the received hit parameters and the impact angles according to the hit parameters of the data records in the first database.

[0034] The hit parameters include, for example, the energy released upon impact or acting upon the vessel. This energy includes, for example, the kinetic energy of the projectile and / or its explosive force. This energy is sometimes expressed as a TNT equivalent. During the difference calculation, the difference between the energy according to the received hit parameters and the energies according to the hit parameters of the data records in the first database is determined.

[0035] The hit parameters include, for example, information about the type of projectile that caused the hit. During the differentiation process, the difference between the projectile type according to the received hit parameters and the projectile types according to the hit parameters of the data records in the first database is determined. For example, a list of the projectile types encountered during combat training is provided, along with quantitative data that quantifies the degree of similarity between the different projectile types.

[0036] According to embodiments, determining the data set of hit parameters in the first database whose hit parameters have the smallest deviations from the received hit parameters comprises, for one or more of the data sets stored in the first database, calculating a weighted sum of the deviations between the received hit parameters and the hit parameters of the respective data set.

[0037] Implementation methods can offer the advantage of quantitatively considering multiple differences between multiple received hit parameters and the hit parameters of the respective data records in the first database. For this purpose, the respective deviations or differences between the received hit parameters and the hit parameters of the respective data record are calculated. Using these differences, a weighted sum of the deviations or differences between the received hit parameters and the hit parameters of the respective data record is calculated. The hit parameters considered for summation include, for example, the position of the hit, the angle of impact, the energy released by the hit or acting upon the vessel, and / or the type of projectile.

[0038] According to embodiments, the first simulation environment can be arranged on a movable platform. For example, a plurality of hydraulic, pneumatic, and / or electrical actuators are arranged on the platform, which are controlled by a motion controller of the platform in order to mimic movements of the watercraft during the simulated operation.

[0039] Embodiments can offer the advantage that, using the movable platform within the first simulation environment, movements of the watercraft during simulated operation can be replicated. The first simulation environment, for example, a first simulation room, is arranged on a movable platform. A plurality of actuators are arranged on the movable platform. These actuators are, for example, hydraulic, pneumatic, and / or electrical actuators configured to adjust the tilt angles of the movable platform, and thus of the first simulation environment, in different directions. For this purpose, the actuators are controlled by a motion controller on the platform to replicate movements of the watercraft during simulated operation.The corresponding movements of the watercraft are simulated by identical movements of the platform, driven by the actuators, for example, by corresponding tilts of the movable platform. The simulated movement of the watercraft can be, for example, movements due to the natural environment, such as waves, and / or due to steering maneuvers. In the case of a submarine, corresponding steering maneuvers include, for example, surfacing and / or diving maneuvers. For example, the first simulation environment, such as a first simulation room, can be tilted and / or rotated according to the simulated position of the watercraft in space, so that the movements of the simulated watercraft are directly reproduced and thus perceptible to the crew members training in the first simulation room.Similarly, accelerations and / or vibrations of the simulated watercraft can be reproduced.

[0040] In some embodiments, the motion control system is configured to actuate the actuators according to one or more of the damage parameters of the read-out damage scenario, in order to mimic the movements of the vessel during the simulated damage scenario. These embodiments offer the advantage that the effects of a hit on the vessel's movements can be realistically reproduced using the first simulation environment. For example, vibrations, changes in position, and / or changes in the vessel's direction of travel resulting from the hit can be realistically simulated. This enables realistic combat training for the crew members of the first group of crew members.

[0041] According to embodiments, the visual simulation provided by the technical means of the second simulation environment is controlled to reproduce or imitate the movements of the watercraft during the damage scenario to be simulated.

[0042] Implementation systems can offer the advantage that the effects of a hit on the vessel's movements can be realistically reproduced using the second simulation environment. For example, vibrations, changes in position, and / or changes in the vessel's direction of travel resulting from the hit can be realistically simulated, perhaps by appropriately shaking and / or panning the visual simulation provided by the second simulation environment's technical means. This enables realistic combat training for the crew members of the second group as well.

[0043] According to embodiments, the damage scenarios of the watercraft stored in the first database are pre-calculated for the hit scenarios using a finite element method for the watercraft.

[0044] Implementations can offer the advantage that the use of a finite element method enables a realistic calculation of the effects of combat hits on the vessel. By pre-calculating the corresponding results and storing them in the first database, the most suitable damage scenario, pre-calculated using the finite element method, can be selected from this database during combat training when a hit occurs. This selection can be made in real time, meaning it is so fast that it does not cause any perceptible delays for the participants, especially the crew members of the military vessel, during combat training. Thus, despite the high computational effort, the results of the finite element method can be used in real time during combat training.

[0045] The finite element method (FEM) is a numerical analysis technique in which a structure under investigation is divided into a finite number of elements, such as simple bodies. These simple elements might be cuboids or tetrahedra. Using appropriate algorithms, the overall behavior of the structure can be calculated from the behavior of the individual finite elements. Due to their simple geometry, the physical behavior of these elements can be accurately calculated using known basis functions. The physical behavior of the resulting body is modeled by how these elements react to forces, loads, and boundary conditions, and how loads and reactions propagate from one element to an adjacent element. This is achieved through problem-dependent continuity conditions that the basis functions must satisfy.

[0046] The basis functions contain parameters that typically have a physical meaning, such as the displacement of a specific point in the structure at a particular time. The search for a motion function can thus be reduced to finding the values ​​of the function's parameters. By using more and more parameters, for example, more and more finite elements, or increasingly higher-order basis functions, the accuracy of the approximate solution can be improved.

[0047] The development of FEM is largely based on the development of powerful computers, as FEM requires considerable computing power.

[0048] Programs that use the finite element method operate according to the input / processing / output (IPO) principle. The IPO principle describes a fundamental principle of data processing. In the case of the finite element method, the implementation of the IPO principle involves, for example, a CAD program, a finite element (FE) preprocessor, a finite element (FEM) solver, and a finite element (FE) postprocessor. For instance, the IPO principle includes input using the FE preprocessor, processing using the FEM solver, and output using the FE postprocessor: A user, for example, creates a geometry of the structure to be analyzed in a CAD program. The structure under investigation might be, for example, a military vessel and / or a part of a military vessel.The user then enters further inputs in a so-called FE preprocessor. An FEM solver performs the actual calculation, and the user receives the calculated results, which can then be viewed in a FE postprocessor in the form of graphical displays. The preprocessor and postprocessor can, for example, be combined in one program and / or be part of the CAD program.

[0049] For example, a CAD model of the structure to be investigated, such as a military watercraft and / or a part thereof, is created in a CAD program and transferred to the FE preprocessor, for example, via a direct interface or a neutral exchange format. By selecting mesh parameters such as element size and element type in a meshing module of the FE preprocessor, the finite elements are generated using a meshing algorithm. Material properties, such as the modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio, are entered for the materials of the structure under investigation. Furthermore, additional boundary conditions, such as applied loads in the form of forces, pressures, temperatures, etc., can be entered. Forces acting on the structure, such as those resulting from a collision, are also defined.

[0050] A finite element method (FEM) solver is then used, which can be, for example, a separate, standalone program or an integrated solver. The FEM solver calculates a simulation of how the forces under the defined boundary conditions affect the finite elements of the structure under investigation, and how the forces and their effects propagate through the structure and affect neighboring finite elements. For example, such a calculation initially results in a first approximate solution, which can be successively improved through further iterations. For instance, as many iterations as necessary are performed until only changes smaller than a threshold value remain. In this case, the approximation has converged and represents the result of the simulation. This result can then be output using an FE post-processor.The output can include, for example, a visual representation of the simulation result, which is displayed to the user on an output device. For instance, damage parameters are determined by the FE post-processor based on the result of the FEM equation solver. These damage parameters describe a damage scenario resulting from a hit whose parameters were used for the FEM simulation.

[0051] For example, datasets are generated that define hit parameters for hit scenarios whose effects on the military watercraft were calculated using FEM. Furthermore, each dataset includes damage parameters for a damage scenario associated with the respective hit scenario, based on the FEM results. These datasets are received, for example, by the simulation interface of the simulation system and stored in the first database of the simulation interface's memory.

[0052] For example, a finite element method (FEM) computer system is provided which pre-calculates damage scenarios for multiple hit scenarios, each defined by multiple hit parameters, for later use in one or more combat training exercises by the simulation system. The FEM computer system implements, for example, one or more computer programs, which include one or more of the following components: a CAD program, an FE preprocessor, an FEM solver, and an FE postprocessor. The datasets generated by the FEM computer system, which contain the damage parameters pre-calculated for the multiple hit scenarios, are made available, for example, for download and saving to the simulation system's interface.For example, downloading via a network is done through a simulation computer system of the simulation system, on which the simulation interface is implemented.

[0053] For example, the FEM computer system comprises a plurality of networked individual computers. These networked computers are configured, for instance, to perform calculations in parallel during the execution of the finite element method.

[0054] According to embodiments, one or more individual reproductions of the visual simulation are adapted by one or more of the technical means of the second simulation environment using one or more of the damage parameters of the read-out damage scenario to one or more environmental conditions resulting from the damage scenario in order to simulate individual effects of the resulting environmental conditions on one or more crew members of the second group of crew members.

[0055] Implementation methods can offer the advantage of realistically simulating the effects of the damage scenario caused by the hit on individual crew members of the second group. These crew members participate in combat training, for example, through visual simulations rendered by the technical means of the second simulation environment.By adapting the reproduction through the technical means of the second simulation environment to the environmental conditions resulting from the damage scenario, physiological effects can be induced in the crew members of the second group of crew members, such as stress-related physiological effects, which enables realistic combat training including corresponding physiological effects that are typically caused by the environmental conditions resulting from a corresponding damage scenario.

[0056] The effect produced by the adjustments to the simulation using technical means is not based on psychological or other subjective factors of the crew members in the second group, but rather on physical parameters based on human physiology. For example, visual and / or auditory stimuli are presented using the technical means of the second simulation environment in such a way as to elicit a physiological response, such as a stress response, in one or more crew members of the second group, thus enabling them to train for combating hit-related damage even under stress.This stress response includes, for example, one or more of the following measurable physiological symptoms: an increase in heart rate, an increase in cardiac output, an increase in blood pressure, an increase in respiratory rate, an increase in bronchodilation, an increase in peripheral vasoconstriction, an increase in glycogenolysis, an increase in lipolysis, an increase in cerebral blood flow, an increase in renin secretion.

[0057] To determine the effects of environmental conditions on the crew members of the second group, a life model is used, for example. This life model is used to represent a realistic vulnerability of the crew members to environmental conditions within the simulation. It includes, for example, the effect of exogenous factors in the form of the corresponding environmental conditions on vital functions, or a vital model and life energy of the crew members. The vulnerability of the crew members can be captured on one or two of the following levels. Firstly, each crew member can be assigned a life energy. This life energy simulates the physical life force of the respective crew member. Secondly, each crew member can be assigned a vital model.The vital model encompasses one or more essential vital functions, such as breathing, circulation, endurance and / or consciousness.

[0058] For example, crew members can lose life energy if certain conditions occur, such as a decrease in the ambient oxygen level or contact with a hazard, such as a fire, debris, and / or water ingress. Depending on the life energy assigned to a crew member, visual and / or auditory stimuli can be generated in the second simulation environment using one or more technical means assigned to that crew member.

[0059] A crew member's vital signs model is based on the states of their associated vital parameters and functions. These can be affected by exogenous factors. For example, a decrease in ambient oxygen levels or contact with a hazard, such as fire, debris, and / or water ingress, can impair vital signs.

[0060] Exogenous factors, or environmental conditions, encompass external influences that affect crew members in the scenarios. Examples of exogenous factors include one or more of the following: oxygen content in the air, carbon dioxide content in the air, ambient temperature, workload or stress level, fire, water, and debris.

[0061] For example, depending on the vital parameters assigned to a crew member in the vital model, visual and / or auditory stimuli can be generated using one or more technical means assigned to the corresponding crew member in the second simulation environment.

[0062] According to embodiments, the adjustments of the individual reproductions include one or more of the following visual effects: a flickering of the visual reproduction, a temporary interruption of the visual reproduction, a color change of the visual reproduction, a restriction of a field of view encompassed by the visual reproduction, a blurring of the visual reproduction, a slowing down of the visual reproduction.

[0063] Some designs offer the advantage that the corresponding visual effects can simulate the effects of environmental conditions resulting from the hit or the damage caused by the hit on the crew members. For example, the corresponding visual effects could be used as visual stimuli to elicit a physiological response, such as a stress response.

[0064] According to embodiments, one or more of the following acoustic effects are also used to simulate individual effects of the resulting environmental conditions: a temporary suspension of acoustic playback, a reduction in the volume of acoustic playback, a noise effect on acoustic playback, a superimposition of acoustic playback with a whistling tone.

[0065] Design features can have the advantage that the corresponding acoustic effects can mitigate the effects of the impact or the damage caused by the impact.

[0066] Environmental conditions can be simulated for the crew members. For example, the corresponding acoustic effects can be used as auditory stimuli to elicit a physiological response, such as a stress response.

[0067] For example, the technical means of the second simulation environment include acoustic playback devices for the acoustic reproduction of the corresponding acoustic effects.

[0068] In some embodiments, the simulation system further comprises the combat simulation system. These embodiments may have the advantage that the simulation system can simulate hits on the watercraft and determine the corresponding hit parameters.

[0069] For example, one or more of the first and second control elements may be the same control elements in pairs. For example, all first and second control elements may be the same control elements in pairs. For example, one or more of the first and second control elements may be different control elements configured to set the same control parameter for the operation of the watercraft. For example, a corresponding first control element is a control element of the watercraft's control station for setting a control parameter from the control station, i.e., remotely, such as the opening degree of an electrically actuated valve controlled from the control station.For example, a control element in the control station, such as a console with a user interface for controlling the electrically operated valve from a distance, is the corresponding first control element. For example, a corresponding second control element is a control element for locally adjusting the same control parameter on-site. For example, the corresponding second control element is the same valve, which is additionally configured to be manually operated on-site to adjust the valve's opening degree. For example, all first and second control elements can each be different control elements, configured to set the same control parameter for the operation of the watercraft.

[0070] The technical means include, for example, display devices for the visual reproduction of the visual simulation. This could be, for example, a desktop PC screen or a mobile portable device display. It could also include, for example, data glasses for displaying virtual reality, i.e., VR glasses. Furthermore, it could be an augmented reality device, i.e., a projection device, particularly wearable projection devices, for projecting virtual elements onto physical reality or a digital reproduction of physical reality, such as a partial physical replica or a partial physical reproduction of the real watercraft. For example, such a physical reproduction would include one or more tactile elements.For example, the person-worn projection devices are data glasses for displaying virtual elements to augment physical reality, i.e., augmented reality glasses, hereinafter referred to as AR glasses. These AR glasses create a mixed reality, so that crew members see both the actual environment, such as the tactile elements, and the superimposed virtual elements of the virtual reality. This has the advantage, for example, of facilitating safe and accident-free movement in the second simulation environment.

[0071] The simulated watercraft could be, for example, a simulation of a generic military watercraft, such as one that is generic for a specific type or batch. Alternatively, the simulated watercraft could be a simulation of an individual military watercraft, i.e., a simulation of a specific, real-world watercraft. This can be advantageous when simulating the operation of a military watercraft that was practically manufactured as unique units. In this case, even watercraft from the same batch of the same type can exhibit differences such that, for training purposes, they must be treated as unique.

[0072] The integration density of technical components in a military watercraft is very high, while available space is limited. It may therefore be essential for the crew to be familiar with the specific environment in order to quickly take the necessary actions in an emergency. Consequently, it is particularly important that crew training takes place under realistic conditions. Currently, crew training is primarily conducted on board the watercraft, which, however, has the aforementioned disadvantages. A simulation system that uses a visual simulation of parts or the entire military watercraft during training can contribute to crew training under realistic conditions without requiring, for example, the use of the actual military vessel itself or the complete reconstruction of it for training purposes.

[0073] Visual simulation can, for example, provide a virtual reality environment, i.e., a virtual 3D environment in the form of a virtual 3D model of the military vessel. The use of virtual reality has the advantage that realistic training of crew members at multiple stations on the vessel—that is, in multiple different areas of the vessel—does not require the actual vessel. Consequently, downtime of the actual military vessel during training operations can be avoided. Furthermore, damage to the actual military vessel and real-world hazards to crew members during training, even in hazardous situations, can be prevented.

[0074] Virtual reality serves, for example, to reproduce a military vessel—whether a generic or a customized vessel—as accurately as possible, for which the crew is to be trained. Furthermore, virtual reality serves, for example, to combine all actions performed by the crew with all simulation parameters, thereby simulating the real-world behavior that a real vessel would exhibit under identical conditions and conveying this to the crew members being trained.

[0075] For example, virtual reality can be created from CAD data of the military vessel and / or from photographs of the military vessel. Especially in military vessels, with their extremely high density of integrated electronic components, even small variations within a batch of vessels of a particular class can lead to identical components being located in different positions on different vessels. To achieve effective training and ensure a match between virtual reality and the real military vessel, it is crucial to create the most accurate possible representation of the military vessel in virtual reality. CAD data, photographs, and 3D scans can effectively provide a machine-processable basis for this.

[0076] The technical resources of the second simulation environment include, for example, a number of devices for generating and displaying a virtual reality, or virtual reality components for providing the visual simulation. These devices serve, for instance, as access points for the crew members of the second group to enter the virtual reality.

[0077] Virtual reality, as used here, refers to a three-dimensional virtual computer model that, firstly, represents the environment, i.e., the military watercraft. Secondly, virtual reality also encompasses the ability to interact with this environment, for example, by operating virtual copies of the secondary controls. Operating these virtual copies includes, for instance, operating mechanical switches, opening or closing valves (such as hydraulic valves), and / or operating other mechanical devices to control the functionalities of the military watercraft.Furthermore, virtual reality includes calculating the effects of these interactions, possibly incorporating external factors defined by the scenario in the simulation of the military vessel's operation, such as simulated system failures, damage, and the like. The results of these calculations include, for example, status values ​​that define the current simulated state of the military vessel.

[0078] This means that the virtual reality environment can provide crew members with exactly the same training environment as would exist on the actual military vessel if the training were conducted on the vessel itself, rather than using the simulation system. While there are, of course, differences between a real-world environment and a virtual one, the exact replica refers to the technical specifications of the military vessel. For example, doors and passageways are located in the same places, as are computer consoles, switches, levers, and other controls. This can be advantageous because quickly locating certain devices is a key part of the training, enabling the crew to take the necessary actions without delay in an emergency, such as searching for them.It should be noted that seemingly identical military watercraft, even those of the same class, can exhibit significant differences, even within the same batch. Therefore, an exact representation of an individual military watercraft in virtual reality can be advantageous for training success.

[0079] Training during the normal operation of a military watercraft can include routine procedures such as standard maintenance and inspection tasks. It can also involve training for deviations from normal operation, such as simulated malfunctions or emergency response scenarios, including equipment failure, water ingress, fire, or combat situations. Such a deviation from normal operation, for example, could occur if the watercraft is hit during combat training. The goal of this training is for participating crew members to learn and practice the necessary procedures so they can more easily execute them in a similar, real-world situation.

[0080] For example, virtual reality also includes representations of crew members involved in training in the form of avatars. An avatar displayed in virtual reality does not necessarily have to represent a specific person, especially not the person's appearance. Generic avatars are used for simplification. It is also possible to implement individualized or generic avatars with certain characteristic features. These characteristics could include physical traits such as skin color, hair color, eye color, and facial features.To personalize avatars, for example, 3D scans of the crew members' faces can be created, allowing each crew member to be assigned an individual avatar with their recreated facial features. Due to the limited space inside a vessel, interaction between crew members can be crucial. For a crew member to quickly reach a specific location, it is often necessary for other crew members to pass by. Therefore, to achieve positive training results, a virtual simulation or representation of all crew members within the virtual reality environment can be beneficial.

[0081] An access device for entering virtual reality serves to display the areas of the military vessel generated in virtual reality and includes an input device for manipulating elements of these virtual reality areas. For example, the virtual reality display can be provided via a screen, such as a computer console or a mobile wearable device, or via appropriate smart glasses. These smart glasses could, for example, be VR glasses with a headset, motion capture system, and / or controllers. Alternatively, they could be AR glasses with a headset, motion capture system, and / or controllers.Input for manipulating virtual reality can be provided, for example, via keyboard, mouse, joystick, controller, gesture recognition device, speech recognition device, or motion capture device. A corresponding access device includes, for example, at least one playback device and one input device. An access device may also include an acoustic communication device, which may comprise a microphone and one or more headphones. Such an acoustic communication device enables crew members using the access devices to communicate with each other and with other crew members participating in the training in other simulation environments of the simulation system, such as the first group of crew members.

[0082] Entering virtual reality, as used here, means using a suitable access device. In the simplest case, entering virtual reality can be achieved, for example, by putting on and activating appropriate data glasses, putting on and activating appropriate headsets, picking up and activating a suitable mobile device, and / or accessing a visual representation of virtual reality on a desktop PC or a suitable computer console.

[0083] According to embodiments, the copies of the second control elements each represent a complete virtual 3D model of the corresponding second control element. The technical means of the second simulation environment for providing the copies of the second control elements include one or more output devices with one or more displays for the visual output of the virtual 3D models, as well as one or more input devices for the virtual simulation of a condition of the virtual 3D models.

[0084] Implementation models can offer the advantage that the virtual copies of the second control elements are fully virtual 3D models. In this case, the corresponding virtual copies of the second control elements are configured exclusively in virtual space using technical means. These means could, for example, be a desktop PC with appropriate input and output devices. A user can, for instance, control a simulated avatar on the desktop PC using input devices such as a keyboard, joystick, and / or controller. This avatar then interacts with the entire virtual environment of the corresponding control element. The virtual environment, in particular the complete virtual 3D model of the corresponding control element, is displayed to the crew member, for example, on a screen of the desktop PC.Furthermore, the technical means can include, for example, a tablet or other mobile portable device that incorporates both input and output capabilities. Using the corresponding input and output means of the mobile portable device, such as a touchscreen, a crew member can control an avatar in the virtual environment, which then activates the first physical control element. For example, the technical means might include smart glasses, such as VR glasses, which serve as an output device through which a crew member sees the virtual simulation with the complete virtual 3D model of the corresponding control element. A crew member using the smart glasses can control an avatar within the virtual simulation using gestures and / or additional controllers. These gestures can be captured, for example, by digital cameras and interpreted as input.

[0085] According to embodiments, the technical means of the second simulation environment for providing copies of the second controls comprise one or more tactile elements for physically replicating the haptic properties of the one or more second controls. The technical means further comprise one or more augmented reality devices configured to provide, in virtual form, supplementary components of the corresponding second controls to the tactile elements.The one or more augmented reality devices each comprise one or more displays for the visual output of the supplementary virtual components of the copies of the second control elements, as well as one or more sensors for capturing interactions of the crew members of the second group of crew members who use the one or more augmented reality devices with the tactile elements and / or the supplementary virtual components in the course of a condition of the copies of the second control elements.

[0086] Implementation methods can offer the advantage that the virtual copy of the second control element is not purely virtual. Rather, a tactile element is provided, which has the benefit of replicating the physical haptic properties of the corresponding second control element. Thus, a crew member who wants to operate the partially virtual copy of the second control element can be trained not only on the correct theoretical operation of the second control element, but also on the corresponding haptic properties of the operation.

[0087] Such a tactile element allows for training in the manual handling of the corresponding second control element. The tactile element might, for example, be turned, flipped, and / or comprise two parts that must be screwed together and / or apart. This involves concrete manual training on the tactile element, enabling the specific hand movements to be practiced simply and efficiently through hands-on experience.

[0088] A tactile element can be, for example, a mechanical device that replicates a mechanical component of a second physical control element, such as a lever, a switch, a handwheel, or the like. This tactile element has no functionality in the second simulation environment. In the physical reality of the second simulation environment, for example, actuating the tactile element does not result in any input. However, using the tactile element does result in input in the virtual reality environment. For example, military watercraft regularly have devices for manually operating mechanical components of the vessel, such as handwheels. Such a handwheel can be used as a tactile element and, in the virtual reality environment, simulates the behavior of the watercraft according to the handwheel's setting.At the same time, using a real mechanical handwheel allows the crew member being trained to have a tactile experience during training, develop an understanding of the required force, and potentially optimize their manual skills for quick task execution. It can be advantageous if the tactile element, such as a handwheel, has a comparable shape, feel, and / or resistance to that of the actual second control element in the real watercraft. Accuracy is not necessarily the primary concern; rather, the crew member should develop an intuitive sense of how the corresponding second control element feels and how it is operated, such as how much force is required.

[0089] This can be particularly relevant for training in stressful situations, where it's not just about knowing how to operate a corresponding secondary control, but also about practicing the actual physical action. The crew member should internalize the corresponding physical action so that, in the event of a deviation from normal vessel operation, such as a malfunction, the stored motor skills only need to be recalled under high stress, allowing the correct actions to be applied intuitively without conscious thought. These skills can be of great importance for the safety of the vessel and the crew members on board, especially in dangerous and stressful situations such as combat, particularly if the vessel is hit.

[0090] A corresponding tactile element can be integrated into the simulation using augmented reality devices. These devices can be provided, for example, by the technical resources of the second simulation environment. They can be configured to supplement the tactile elements with additional components in virtual form. For instance, the background and / or environment of the corresponding second control can be virtually enhanced, allowing the crew member to be trained to quickly identify the second control to be operated within a complex technical environment containing numerous technical components. The actual operation of the corresponding second control can then also be physically trained using the tactile element.Furthermore, the supplementary components can, for example, display instructions and / or visually complement components of the second control element to be operated, which are not included in the tactile element. The supplementary virtual components can be provided on the displays of the augmented reality devices and overlaid with the tactile element. For example, the augmented reality devices include smart glasses with a semi-transparent display, through which supplementary components are displayed in virtual form. These supplementary virtual components can visually overlay and / or complement the tactile element visible through the semi-transparent display.

[0091] Augmented reality, or enhanced reality, is understood here as a computer-aided enhancement of the perception of reality. In principle, this enhancement can address all human sensory modalities. In this particular case, however, at least visual perception is addressed, for example, through the visual presentation of information, such as supplementing the perception of real objects, images, or videos of the corresponding real objects with computer-generated virtual additional information and / or virtual objects by means of overlaying or superimposing them.

[0092] For example, the expansion of reality perception refers to an expansion of the perception of physical reality / the environment naturally in the analog world, without electronic signal processing. For instance, sensory perceptions such as images are only represented, if at all, by traditional aids like magnifying optics or a mirror. Virtual information, such as images / objects, can be displayed in various ways, for example, by optical projection onto a transparent screen through which the corresponding natural physical objects are also viewed. Virtual information is also displayed, for example, by means of an electro-optical display integrated into a viewing surface, such as the lens of smart glasses, with transparent areas and additional virtually superimposed information and / or image elements.This can be achieved, for example, with a liquid crystal display, which is largely transparent in its basic state and displays the virtual elements in activated areas.

[0093] For example, the extension of reality perception involves an expansion of the perception of physical reality / the environment, which is subject to photoelectric conversion and electronic signal processing before being perceived via an artificial representation. In this case, the combination / superimposition of sensory perceptions with virtual elements occurs exclusively electronically. Sensor data, such as from a digital camera, is processed by software-controlled processors using signal processing, and then combined and reproduced by an output converter, such as a display / screen.

[0094] An augmented reality device is therefore a device configured to overlay real-world objects with information and / or projections of digital objects in real time, while the corresponding real-world objects are perceived by the user of the augmented reality device. In this way, the user's perception of real-world objects is enhanced by information and / or projections of digital objects. Thus, an augmented reality device can be configured to implement and / or use the following: a combination of real-world objects with virtual information and / or virtual objects; real-time interaction in the form of real-time adaptation of information and / or digital objects to changes in real-world objects and / or changes in the perception of real-world objects; and 3D registration of virtual objects with real-world objects.The virtual information and / or virtual objects superimposed on real objects can be constructive, for example, by adding to the real objects, or destructive, for example, by obscuring at least part of the real objects. The virtual information and / or virtual objects can, for instance, be seamlessly interwoven with the perception of real-world objects, i.e., the physical objects of the physical world, so that they are perceived by the user as an immersive aspect of the real world. In this way, an augmented reality device can alter the user's ongoing perception of a real environment. The user's real environment is not completely replaced by a simulated digital environment, as is the case with virtual reality. The real environment, i.e.,The user's perception of the real environment is instead enriched with virtual information and / or virtual objects.

[0095] An augmented reality device, for example, allows components of the virtual world to be superimposed onto the user's perception of the real world. This can include the integration of immersive sensory impressions that the user perceives as natural parts of their environment. Augmented reality technology can be used, for instance, to enhance the user's perception of the physical environment with virtual information and / or virtual objects, thus providing an improved experience. Augmented reality technologies allow information about the user's real-world environment to be interactively and virtually manipulated. Virtual information about the environment and its objects can be superimposed onto the real world. Augmentation processes can be performed in real time and in a semantic context with physical objects in the environment.

[0096] An augmented reality device can include, for example, a head-mounted display, smart glasses, a head-up display, a contact lens, a virtual retinal display, an eye-tap, or similar devices. A head-mounted display (HMD) is a display device worn on the forehead, for example, using a strap or helmet. An HMD is configured to display both images of the physical world and virtual information and / or virtual objects within the user's field of vision. The HMD may, for example, use sensors to monitor six degrees of freedom, allowing the system to align virtual information with the physical world and adapt it according to the user's head movements.

[0097] An augmented reality device can, for example, include smart glasses with augmented reality displays projected onto the glasses. The device can also include smart glasses that use one or more digital cameras to capture the user's real-world view and display an augmented image through an eyepiece. Alternatively, the device can, for example, project augmented reality images through a lens or reflect them off a surface of the lens.

[0098] For example, and in particular, augmented reality devices such as smart glasses are used, providing a direct view of the environment and simultaneously overlaying virtual elements onto it. For instance, virtual parts of the second control elements are projected into the real-world environment of the second simulation via the smart glasses. Furthermore, the environment of the military watercraft, in which the corresponding second control element is located, is projected into the real-world environment of the second simulation. Avatars of other crew members participating in the training can also be projected into the real-world environment of the second simulation. For example, a semi-transparent mirror, acting as the glasses, allows the user to see both the environment and a display that presents the additional virtual reality elements.Alternatively, the data glasses can also have a digital camera that captures the environment, then calculates these additional elements of virtual reality into the captured images and presents the overall image to the crew member using the corresponding data glasses.

[0099] An augmented reality device can, for example, include a head-up display (HUD). A HUD is a transparent display that shows data without requiring the user to take their eyes off their usual vantage point.

[0100] An augmented reality device could, for example, include a contact lens that displays augmented reality images. Such a bionic contact lens could incorporate a display element embedded in the lens, with integrated circuits, LEDs, and an antenna for wireless communication.

[0101] An augmented reality device can, for example, include a virtual retinal display (VRD). The augmented reality device can be configured to scan a display directly onto the retina of a user's eye.

[0102] An augmented reality device might, for example, include a monocle-like, head-mounted display worn in front of one eye, combining the functions of a digital camera and a display. Light rays that would otherwise pass through the center of the user's eye lens can be captured and replaced with synthetic, computer-generated light for each real light ray.

[0103] In some embodiments, the one or more first control elements comprise one or more valves, switches, and / or touch-sensitive elements of the watercraft. In other embodiments, the one or more second control elements comprise one or more valves, switches, and / or touch-sensitive elements of the watercraft.

[0104] In some embodiments, the one or more first control elements each comprise a mechanically actuated component. In other embodiments, the one or more second control elements each comprise a mechanically actuated component.

[0105] For example, a first and / or second control element is a valve or switch with an electric actuator that can be operated via an automation system through the control room in the first simulation environment and / or via a virtual simulation of the control room in the second simulation environment. As a fallback option in case of a failure or malfunction of the electric actuator, the valve or switch includes a device for manual operation. For example, the valve includes a handwheel that connects directly to the valve's gearbox, allowing manual operation of the valve. Alternatively, the switch can be manually operated. For example, the corresponding first and / or second control element includes a lever that can be manually operated.

[0106] In some embodiments, the first simulation environment includes a physical operations center of the watercraft. In other embodiments, the first simulation environment includes a physical bridge of the watercraft.

[0107] In some embodiments, the simulation interface memory also stores a second database containing definitions of one or more primary controls and one or more copies of one or more secondary controls. The definitions for the primary controls and copies of the secondary controls each establish a primary priority for simulated normal operation of the vessel. In this primary priority, the control parameter settings defined by the primary physical controls are prioritized over the settings defined by the copies of the secondary controls as the only valid control parameter settings for the simulation. Furthermore, the simulation interface of the simulation system is configured to switch from one or more primary priorities to one or more secondary priorities in response to a simulated deviation from the vessel's normal operation.The one or more secondary priorities prioritize, for the simulated deviation from normal operation, settings of one or more of the control parameters according to one or more copies of the secondary controls assigned to the secondary priorities over settings according to one or more first physical controls assigned to the secondary priorities as the only valid settings of the corresponding control parameters for the simulation of the watercraft.

[0108] Implementation systems can offer the advantage of providing a simulation system for the simultaneous training of multiple crew members of a military vessel, for example, under the most realistic conditions possible. In particular, the training focuses not only on individual crew members but also on the interaction of multiple crew members. These multiple crew members may, in particular, be those deployed in different areas of the military vessel.

[0109] The simulation system comprises a primary simulation environment for training an initial group of crew members and a secondary simulation environment for training a second group. The primary simulation environment includes a physical control center for the vessel. This control center is a technical facility for operating the military vessel. It includes, for example, the steering console, which controls and regulates essential functions for the vessel's operation. The steering console contains numerous navigational instruments, technical controls, and / or components. These allow the military vessel to be maneuvered and its operation to be controlled. The control center also includes, for example, tactical equipment for controlling the vessel's weapon systems.

[0110] According to some embodiments, one or more of the damage scenarios included in the first database represent a deviation from the normal operation of the watercraft when executed during simulated operation. These embodiments can have the advantage of also taking into account damage scenarios caused by combat hits and their impact on the operation of the watercraft.

[0111] The first simulation environment comprises one or more first physical controls of the watercraft, each configured to set a control parameter for the watercraft's operation. These first physical controls include, for example, valves or switches. The first controls also include, for example, mechanical components that enable mechanical adjustments of the respective first controls. The settings of the respective first controls thus result in a physical state corresponding to the setting. For example, one or more of the first controls are configured so that the mechanical components can be operated both electrically, such as by controlling an electric motor, and manually.In real military watercraft, this has the advantage that, on the one hand, effective central electronic control of the corresponding primary control elements is enabled, and on the other hand, manual operation of the corresponding mechanical components remains possible even in the event of an electrical malfunction. For example, in the first simulation environment, the control station includes as its primary control element a user interface for operating the corresponding electrically operated component. The corresponding primary physical control elements are, for example, the controls of a console in the control station, such as a touchscreen, a trackball, and / or one or more buttons. A secondary control element could, for example, be a corresponding mechanically operated component.

[0112] The control station is configured to acquire control parameters set via the first physical controls and communicate them to a simulation interface of the simulation system. The corresponding control parameters allow for a simulation of the vessel's operation based on these parameters. For example, a simulation computer system that has access to or incorporates the simulation interface can calculate the current state of the vessel using a state simulation program, a digital model of the vessel, and the set control parameters.

[0113] For example, the settings of the first physical controls in the first simulation environment are recorded or read in so that their effect on the state of the military watercraft can be simulated and, for example, reproduced in virtual reality.

[0114] Furthermore, the simulation system includes a second simulation environment, spatially separate from the first, for training a second group of crew members. This second group of crew members is trained, for example, for deployment in areas of the military vessel other than the control room. These areas could include, for example, the engine room, electronics room, battery room, torpedo room, galley, living quarters, and / or other areas of the vessel. For this training, the second simulation environment includes technical means configured to provide a visual simulation that includes one or more at least partially virtual copies of a second control element for setting control parameters.Visual simulation can, for example, be a simulation that includes the control room in addition to other areas of the military vessel. Virtual simulation, for instance, encompasses the entire military vessel.

[0115] Since it is technically difficult, for example, to provide a complete military watercraft, such as a submarine, for training purposes on a movable platform, the use of a first simulation environment, which is arranged on a correspondingly movable platform, and a second simulation environment arranged independently of the first simulation environment, makes it possible to provide at least selected areas of the military watercraft on a movable platform, which imitates movements of the military watercraft during the simulated operation.

[0116] The second simulation environment is not, for example, located on a movable platform. Alternatively, the second simulation environment could also be located on a second movable platform, with a plurality of hydraulic, pneumatic, or electrical actuators arranged on this second platform. A motion controller for the second platform can actuate the actuators to simulate the movements of the watercraft during the simulated operation.

[0117] For example, visual simulation allows crew members in the second group to train in tasks in one or more areas of the vessel. This visual simulation could be, for instance, a fully virtual simulation in which the trainee crew member controls an avatar in the virtual environment of the vessel. Alternatively, the visual simulation could be a hybrid of virtual simulation and real-world conditions. The technical means used for this include, for example, augmented reality devices.For example, physical components and / or physical replicas and / or physical dummies of components of the watercraft are arranged in the second simulation environment, which are supplemented with virtual elements, so that for the training crew member, the combination of physically existing components and virtual additions results in an overall picture, i.e. a visual simulation, which corresponds to the respective areas of the watercraft in which the crew member is to train his skills.

[0118] On a military vessel, crew members undergoing training may need to train in areas beyond their designated station or section of the vessel. Particularly in the event of deviations from normal operations, such as malfunctions or emergencies, crew members may be required to access locations outside their usual work area. Such emergencies can arise, for example, if the vessel is hit during combat. Therefore, training typically requires crew members to be able to reach multiple locations on the vessel.In the case of training using multiple spatially separated simulation environments, a physical change from one simulation environment to another may prove cumbersome, difficult, or even impossible for crew members during simulation operation.

[0119] For example, in the case of training using multiple spatially separated simulation environments, where at least one of the simulation environments is located on a movable platform, a physical transfer from one simulation environment to another can prove difficult or even impossible for crew members. This is especially true during an ongoing training simulation. Entering a simulation environment located on a movable platform can be challenging. This is particularly true if the platform, such as a freestanding platform, is positioned at a considerable height above the ground to allow sufficient clearance for movement. As long as the simulation is running, and any platform movements are still ongoing or in the process of being completed, entry may be impossible for safety reasons.

[0120] For example, one or more of the second control elements are identical to one of the first control elements; that is, one or more of the copies of the second control elements are copies of the corresponding first control elements. If, during the simulation, a simulated deviation from normal operation occurs, requiring a crew member of the second group to operate a first control element that physically comprises the first simulation environment, the corresponding crew member may be prevented from accessing the corresponding first physical control element due to the spatial separation and / or the arrangement of the first simulation environment on a movable platform.Rather, the relevant crew member must resort to at least a partially virtual copy of the relevant first control element within the second simulation environment to operate the relevant first control element.

[0121] For example, if a deviation from the normal operation of the vessel occurs, the crew members being trained may need to adjust a control parameter on-site, which is normally set remotely from the control station. This might involve manually operating a valve or switch.

[0122] When a simulation system includes both physical controls and at least partially virtual copies of the corresponding controls, each configured to set the same control parameters for the operation of the watercraft, the challenge arises to avoid contradictions and inconsistencies regarding the set control parameters.

[0123] A control element, such as a valve, which is physically located in the first simulation environment, can only be physically actuated and adjusted there. Otherwise, the mechanical or physical state of the adjusted control parameter would not match the control parameter used in the training simulation. A corresponding change in the physical state of the control element can then be transferred to the virtual copy of the corresponding control element in the second training environment, so that the visual simulation reflects the same state for the copy of the physical control element that the physical control element assumed as a result of the adjustment.If it becomes necessary to adjust a control parameter using at least a partial virtual copy of the corresponding control element, discrepancies can arise between the physical setting of the physical control element and the virtual setting of its virtual copy. This can lead to complications in simulating the vessel's state. If the setting of the at least partial virtual copy of a physical control element is changed, this change does not affect the physical state of the physical control element. The physical state of the physical control element thus contradicts the setting made using the copy. For example, in the case of a valve, the virtual copy of the valve might be closed while the physical valve remains open, or vice versa.In the case of a switch, for example, the virtual copy of the switch may be flipped, while the physical switch is not.

[0124] In some embodiments, the simulation interface memory also includes, for example, a second database. This second database contains definitions of all controls, each defining an operational priority for the corresponding controls, e.g., a primary priority and / or a secondary priority. The corresponding primary priority stipulates that, for the simulated normal operation of the watercraft, the control parameter settings according to the first physical controls are prioritized over the settings according to the copies of the second controls. Thus, according to the primary priority, the control settings corresponding to the first physical controls are the only settings valid for the simulation of the watercraft.

[0125] A corresponding prioritization can be implemented, for example, by ensuring that in simulated normal operation, only the first simulation environment or control station has write access to recorded settings, while the second simulation environment has no write access to the control parameters via the virtual copies of the second control elements. For example, in simulated normal operation of the watercraft, the second simulation environment only has read access to read the control parameters set by the first physical control elements. Based on these read access rights, the second simulation environment or control station can then...The technical means of the second simulation environment read the currently valid control parameters set by the first physical controls and, if necessary, adjust the state of virtual copies of second controls, which are configured to control the same parameters, accordingly. For example, the states of the copies of the second controls thus mimic the states of the first physical controls. The adjustment of the state of virtual copies of the second controls can also be performed centrally.

[0126] Furthermore, the simulation interface is configured to switch from primary to one or more secondary priorities in response to a simulated deviation from the vessel's normal operation. A secondary priority specifies that, for the simulated deviation from normal operation, the control parameter settings according to the virtual copies of the secondary controls are prioritized as the only valid control parameter settings for the vessel simulation. In the event of such a deviation from normal operation, the simulation of the vessel's state is therefore no longer based on the control parameters set using the primary physical controls, but rather on the control parameters set using the virtual copies of the secondary controls.

[0127] A change from one or more primary priorities to corresponding secondary priorities can be triggered, for example, by simulating the vessel's state, which might correspond to a deviation from normal operation requiring the adjustment of one or more control parameters using copies of the secondary control elements. These secondary control elements could be, for example, controls for the local adjustment of parameters on-site, such as the opening degree of a valve that must be manually operated. The corresponding valve, for instance, would be a corresponding secondary control element. The primary control elements could be, for example, controls at the vessel's control station for adjusting parameters remotely.from a distance, such as the opening degree of an electrically actuated valve controlled from the control room. For example, a control element of the control room, such as a console with a user interface for controlling the electrically actuated valve from a distance, constitutes a corresponding first control element. A change from one or more first priorities to corresponding second priorities can be triggered, for example, by an action and / or the failure of one or more crew members. A change from one or more first priorities to corresponding second priorities can be triggered, for example, by an external action, such as by a trainer who is conducting the simulation and is not a crew member.Such a trainer can, for example, monitor the training from a control room and, if necessary, detect a deviation from the normal operation of the watercraft, i.e., a change from primary to secondary prioritization. Appropriate prioritization ensures that conflicts between the settings of the primary physical controls and the virtual copies of the corresponding secondary controls can be avoided.

[0128] For those control elements to which normal operation and secondary prioritizations apply, it is clearly defined which control elements, or which embodiments of the corresponding control elements—i.e., the first physical control element or the at least partially virtual copies of the second control element—are valid for setting the control parameters and thus for simulating the operation of the watercraft. For example, secondary prioritization can be implemented by reassigning the read and write permissions for the control parameters in the event of a deviation from normal operation. During this reassignment, write permissions can, for instance, be assigned exclusively to the virtual copies of the corresponding secondary control elements, while no write permissions exist for the first physical control elements.

[0129] For example, the second database of the simulation interface can contain definitions of both first and second priorities. Switching between first and second priorities can be controlled, for example, by a flag. If a corresponding flag is set, a switch from first to second priority occurs. If the flag is cleared, the first priority applies again. Different prioritizations can exist for different control parameters or controls. Not all flags need to be set the same for all control parameters or controls. For example, first priorities can apply to some control parameters or controls, while second priorities apply to others. It is also possible for the flags to be set the same for all control parameters or controls, i.e., for all control parameters or controls to have the same priority.Control elements have first-order priorities, or second-order priorities apply to all control parameters or controls.

[0130] According to embodiments, one or more of the damage scenarios included in the first database represent a deviation from the normal operation of the watercraft when executed during the simulated operation of the watercraft.

[0131] Design options can have the advantage of taking into account damage scenarios caused by combat hits and their impact on the operation of the watercraft.

[0132] For example, the first and second databases are two different databases. For example, the first and second databases are the same database. For example, the first database also includes the second database or the data of the second database.

[0133] A deviation from normal operation can occur, for example, if the vessel is hit during combat. A corresponding scenario of a deviation from normal operation, such as a malfunction of the vessel, might look like this: A malfunction could involve, for example, the development of combustion gases, leading to the incapacitation of the first group of crew members in the first simulation environment. During the simulated operation of the vessel, these crew members would then be unable to perform any further actions. In this case, crew members of the second group in the second simulation environment would have to adjust, for example, second control elements that would normally be adjusted by the members of the first group of crew members and which are physically located in the first simulation environment.Since a physical switch from the second simulation environment to the first is difficult or impossible, the members of the second crew can, for example, use visual simulation to virtually access the area of ​​the vessel that is physically provided by the first simulation environment. In this virtual environment, the members of the second crew can, for example, operate the virtual copies of the second set of controls and set the corresponding control parameters. Because secondary priorities apply in the event of a deviation from normal operation, the corresponding control parameters are now used to calculate the vessel's state during the simulated deviation from normal operation, instead of the settings of the first physical controls.This enables a realistic simulation even if the first group of crew members fails and it is no longer possible to adjust control parameters using the first physical controls in the first simulation environment.

[0134] Furthermore, a scenario of deviation from normal operation can generally be any scenario in which it becomes necessary to adjust a control parameter, normally set via the vessel's control station or a first control element included in the control station, locally using a second control element. This could be due, for example, to a failure of the remote control from the control station or to the incapacitation of one or more crew members at the control station.

[0135] By using prioritization, such as the first and second prioritizations described here, it is possible, for example, to prevent inconsistencies or even mutual blockages during the simulation of the military vessel's operation from arising when control parameter settings in the real-world first simulation environment (via first physical controls) and settings in the virtual environment (via at least partial virtual copies of second physical controls). This risk of inconsistencies is particularly high with mechanical settings that actuate mechanical components of the corresponding controls. For example, a mechanical valve physically present in the first simulation environment can only be operated there as long as the first simulation environment is actively participating in the simulation of the military vessel's operation.Otherwise, there would be a risk that the mechanical state of the physical valve in the first simulation environment would not correspond to the state used as the basis for carrying out the simulation.

[0136] If, for example, the simulation of the operation of the military watercraft were based on a virtual copy of a valve whose virtual mechanical state does not correspond to the physical mechanical valve in the first simulation environment, this could lead to problems during the simulation. For instance, if the physical valve is closed but the virtual copy is open, and the simulation then requires the crew members of the first group in the first simulation environment to close the physical valve, they will be unable to do so. Conversely, the physical valve could be open but the virtual copy closed. If the simulation then requires the crew members of the first group in the first simulation environment to open the physical valve, they will also be unable to do so.Such problems can be avoided by using the prioritization methods described here.

[0137] For example, a change in the setting of the first physical control in the first simulation environment can be represented in the second simulation environment by a corresponding adjustment of the state of virtual components of the copy of the corresponding first physical control in the second simulation environment.

[0138] For purely electronic settings of control parameters, such as information displayed on computer systems, inconsistencies can be avoided, for example, because the corresponding settings can be adjusted in both simulation environments without causing deviations between the physical states of mechanical components and the states used as the basis for the simulation in the first simulation environment.

[0139] Feedback from a state simulation program, i.e., calculated or simulated state values ​​of the military watercraft using the set control parameters, can be displayed in both simulation environments. For example, a value for the fuel level of a tank on the military watercraft can be calculated based on a previous fuel level and control parameters set by the crew. The resulting fuel level state value can then be written to shared memory, provided, for example, by the simulation interface, and read and displayed in both simulation environments. For example, the control room can read the corresponding state value from shared memory and display it on a display device.For example, the technical means of the second simulation environment can read and display the corresponding state value from the shared memory.

[0140] If all crew members of the first group in the first simulation environment fail due to a deviation from normal operation, for example, due to combustion gases from a fire, a switch from first-priority to second-priority can occur. As a result of this switch, control parameters in the first simulation environment can now be virtually set using at least partially virtual copies of the second-priority controls of the first simulation environment and used as the basis for simulating the operation of the military vessel. This possibility is blocked in the case of first-priority. For example, setting control parameters using the first physical controls in the first simulation environment is blocked; that is, the first simulation environment is separated from the simulation of the operation of the military vessel. In this case, the settings or...Switching states in the first simulation environment are irrelevant. For example, rights to set control parameters are transferred from the first simulation environment to the second simulation environment, and thus from the real RAM to the virtual one.

[0141] Deviations from the normal operation of a military watercraft can occur, for example, as a result of the vessel being hit. Other deviations include malfunctions. These malfunctions could include a fire, such as in the galley, errors in the computer system or electronic components, or water ingress in a specific area of ​​the vessel. A deviation from normal operation, such as a malfunction, could also be a training exercise created by a trainer's simulation. For example, the trainer might simulate a hit on the vessel using a combat simulation system.For example, a malfunction may result from the simulation of the operation of the watercraft, such as due to operator error or negative effects of an event in a simulation scenario, such as the military watercraft being shelled.

[0142] For example, the simulation interface includes a list of predefined deviations from normal operation, such as predefined malfunctions of the vessel. For these deviations, a change from primary to secondary prioritization occurs for one or more of the primary controls assigned to the corresponding secondary priorities, as well as for one or more copies of the secondary controls assigned to the corresponding secondary priorities. The deviations from normal operation listed may include, for example, deviations that could result from a vessel encountering a problem. For each predefined deviation from normal operation, one or more primary priorities are defined. If the corresponding deviation occurs, a change to secondary priorities assigned to that deviation takes place.If, during the simulation of the operation of the watercraft, one of these deviations from normal operation occurs, a change from first-prioritizations to second-prioritizations takes place for this deviation, i.e., a fixed change from first-prioritizations to second-prioritizations, which are assigned to the corresponding deviation.

[0143] According to some embodiments, the memory of the simulation interface also stores control parameters that are currently valid for the simulation of the watercraft.

[0144] Implementation models can offer the advantage that the simulation interface provides the control parameters valid for simulating the watercraft. These control parameters can then be read and used in the first and second simulation environments for the simulated operation of the watercraft. Additionally or alternatively, the corresponding control parameters can be used to simulate the state of the watercraft, for example, using a state simulation program. The resulting state values ​​can then be used to define the state of the watercraft and thus to simulate the watercraft in the first and second simulation environments.

[0145] Depending on the implementation, the first and second priorities each define write permissions.

[0146] According to embodiments, the first priorities each stipulate that the control station of the first simulation environment has write rights to write the control parameters set by means of the first physical control elements and valid in the simulated normal operation of the watercraft, while the technical means of the second simulation environment do not have write rights to write the control parameters currently valid for the simulation of the watercraft.The secondary priorities each stipulate that the technical means of the second simulation environment have write rights to write the control parameters set by means of the copies of the second control elements assigned to the secondary priorities and valid in the simulated deviation from the normal operation of the watercraft, while the control station does not have write rights to write the control parameters set by means of the first physical control elements assigned to the secondary priorities as currently valid control parameters for the simulation of the watercraft.

[0147] Implementation methods can offer the advantage that primary and secondary prioritizations can each be implemented via write permission definitions. For example, in the case of primary prioritization, it is specified that the control station of the first simulation environment has write permissions to write control parameters. In this case, the corresponding control parameters being written are those set by the first physical controls. Thus, during normal operation, the control parameters set by the first physical controls are the valid control parameters for the simulated normal operation of the vessel, as only these are stored as valid in the simulation interface. In the event of a deviation from normal operation, the secondary prioritization can specify that the technical resources of the second simulation environment have write permissions.In this case, the control parameters set using the virtual copies of the second set of controls are written to the simulation interface and are therefore valid for the simulated deviation from the normal operation of the watercraft. A switch between the first and second prioritization, i.e., a change in the write permission assignments, can be achieved, for example, by overwriting the corresponding write permission assignments. Alternatively, the first and second prioritizations can each define their respective write permissions, with a switch between them being implemented, for example, by setting one or more flags. For instance, the corresponding flags are stored in the simulation interface in the second database containing the control definitions and the first and / or second prioritizations.

[0148] According to embodiments, the control station of the first simulation environment has write rights to write the control parameters set by means of the first physical control elements, just as the technical means of the second simulation environment have write rights to write the control parameters set by means of the copies of the second control elements.

[0149] The initial priorities each stipulate that the control parameters set by the first physical controls and written by the control station are read as valid control parameters in the simulated normal operation of the watercraft, while the control parameters set by the copies of the second controls and written by the technical means of the second simulation environment are not read.

[0150] The secondary priorities each stipulate that the control parameters set by means of the copies of the secondary controls assigned to the secondary priorities and written by the technical means of the secondary simulation environment are read as valid control parameters for the simulated deviation from the normal operation of the watercraft, while the control parameters set by means of the first physical controls assigned to the secondary priorities and written by the control station are not read.

[0151] Implementation methods can offer the advantage that control parameter settings are always written, regardless of whether the setting is made using one of the first physical controls or using at least a partially virtual copy of one of the second controls. The relevant information is always available. The only decision made based on prioritization is which of the set or written control parameters are used as valid control parameters for the simulation of the watercraft.

[0152] In this case, for example, both control parameters set using the first physical controls (i.e., first control parameters) and control parameters set using copies of the second controls (i.e., second control parameters) are considered. For example, each simulation environment has interface parameters into which it is permitted to write via an interface definition. The simulation environments can write their configured control parameters to these interface parameters at any time. A flag that distinguishes between primary priority (e.g., remote control) and secondary priority (e.g., local operation) signals to the simulation model which interface value it should use as the valid control parameter for simulating the watercraft.For example, if the flag is set to normal operation and the second simulation environment writes an opening degree of a virtual copy of a valve in the virtual environment to the simulation interface, this control parameter is indeed present as a value in the simulation interface or in one of the interface parameters assigned to the second simulation environment, but it is not adopted or used as a valid control parameter for the simulation.

[0153] According to embodiments, the first prioritization defines that the acquisition of control parameters set by the first physical controls is activated by the control station of the first simulation environment, while the acquisition of control parameters set by copies of the second controls is deactivated by the technical means of the second simulation environment. The second prioritization defines that the acquisition of control parameters set by copies of the second controls is activated by the technical means of the second simulation environment, while the acquisition of control parameters set by the first physical controls is deactivated by the control station of the first simulation environment.Implementation methods can offer the advantage that switching between primary and secondary prioritizations can be achieved, for example, by activating and deactivating corresponding sensors for detecting the settings of the primary and secondary control elements, respectively. For instance, the primary prioritization can define that the control station is enabled to detect the control parameters set by the primary physical control elements, while the second simulation environment's technical means are disabled to detect these parameters using the virtual copies of the secondary control elements. In this case, the simulation interface can, for example, indicate to the control station of the primary simulation environment and the technical means of the secondary simulation environment whether the simulation is operating normally or deviating from normal operation.Under normal operating conditions, the capture of settings for the primary physical controls is enabled, while the corresponding capture of virtual copies of secondary controls is disabled. If, during the simulation of the watercraft, a deviation from normal operation occurs that requires a switch from primary to secondary prioritizations, the capture of virtual copies of the secondary controls is enabled, while the capture of the primary physical controls is, for example, disabled.For example, the simulation interface indicates that a change from normal operation to a deviation from normal operation is occurring, whereupon the control room of the first simulation environment deactivates the acquisition of the setting of the first physical controls, while the technical means of the second simulation environment activate the acquisition of the virtual copies of the second controls.

[0154] In some embodiments, the simulation interface is provided by a simulation computer system, which includes memory containing executable program instructions for a state simulation program to simulate a state of the watercraft, a digital model of the watercraft, and a processor. Execution of the program instructions by the processor causes the simulation computer system to simulate a current state of the watercraft using the digital model of the watercraft, the control parameters valid for the simulation of the watercraft, and the damage parameters defined by the read-out damage scenario.

[0155] Some implementations offer the advantage that the current state of the watercraft can be simulated or calculated using the simulation computer system. For this purpose, the simulation computer system uses a simulation program. The simulation program uses a digital model of the watercraft. This digital model describes the watercraft and defines its state parameters and their dependencies. The state simulation program accesses, for example, the damage parameters defined by the read-out damage scenario and calculates the currently valid state values ​​for the watercraft's state parameters based on these damage parameters. Thus, in the event of a hit, for example, the resulting damage, i.e.,The damage parameters of the watercraft defined by the selected damage scenario and thus their influence on the condition of the watercraft are taken into account.

[0156] The state simulation program also accesses, for example, the valid control parameters of the vessel and calculates the currently valid state values ​​for the vessel's state parameters based on these control parameters. The resulting state values ​​are made available to the first simulation environment or control station, as well as to the second simulation environment or its technical equipment, so that they can display the currently simulated state of the vessel to the first and second groups of crew members, respectively.

[0157] Furthermore, for example, the motion of a movable platform, on which the first simulation environment may be located, is also controlled depending on calculated state values ​​of the watercraft, e.g., tilt angles of the watercraft.

[0158] For example, the digital model of the vessel includes a hydrodynamic model for calculating the vessel's motion. Commands from the helm station are sent to the simulation computer system to control the vessel. Using the hydrodynamic model, the state simulation program calculates, for example, a velocity as a state value for the vessel. This velocity can be used, for example, to determine the vessel's position. This velocity can also be read by a tactical simulation program and used to calculate the vessel's position in a tactical situation.

[0159] In a simulated weapon launch involving ammunition whose weight significantly impacts the overall weight of the vessel, such as a torpedo in the case of a submarine, a reduction in the vessel's weight can be calculated as an updated status value. This reduction in weight can, for example, affect the vessel's draft or diving depth.

[0160] According to embodiments, a switch from the simulated normal operation of the watercraft to the simulated deviation from the normal operation of the watercraft occurs upon receipt of an external change command through the simulation interface.

[0161] Implementation methods can offer the advantage that a switch from the simulated normal operation of the vessel to a simulated deviation from normal operation can be initiated by an external command. This external command can be issued, for example, by a crew member participating in the simulation, such as the vessel's captain. Alternatively, the external command could be entered by a trainer who is conducting the simulation and is not a crew member. This allows for an individual switch at any time from normal operation to a deviation, such as a malfunction, thus training the crew members' rapid reaction skills.For example, such an external command is given to switch from the simulated normal operation of the watercraft to the simulated deviation from the normal operation of the watercraft in the event of a hit on the watercraft and / or depending on the damage parameters read out for the hit.

[0162] For example, the simulation system includes a control room with input devices for controlling the simulation process in the first and second simulation environments. These input devices are designed to intervene in the simulation of the vessel's operation. For instance, the failure of individual stations, water ingress, or a fire can be simulated via these input devices. This allows for the easy representation of unusual operating conditions, i.e., deviations from normal operation, particularly malfunctions. A trainer, who is conducting the simulation and is not a crew member, can thus monitor the training from the control room and, if necessary, initiate a malfunction and / or a change from the first to the second priority.For example, the instructor enters a corresponding command using the input devices for controlling the simulation process. For instance, a hit on the watercraft can also be specified via a combat simulation system as part of controlling the simulation process.

[0163] According to embodiments, a switch from the simulated normal operation of the watercraft to the simulated deviation from the normal operation of the watercraft occurs automatically via the simulation interface during the execution of the state simulation program, if the simulated state of the watercraft includes the deviation from the normal operation.

[0164] Implementation methods can offer the advantage that the transition from the simulated normal operation of the vessel to the simulated deviation from normal operation can be a result of the simulated state of the vessel. This simulated state can, for example, take into account damage resulting from a collision. Damage parameters provided by the first database can be used, for instance, to define corresponding damage or a corresponding damage scenario. If the state of the vessel simulated by the state simulation program includes the corresponding deviation from normal operation, the computer system can issue a corresponding transition command to the simulation interface.

[0165] In some embodiments, the simulated deviation from the normal operation of the vessel includes a failure of the first group of crew members. These embodiments offer the advantage that the simulation system allows for training in a complete or partial failure of the first group of crew members. Such a failure of the first group of crew members could, for example, result from the fact that the crew members in question are no longer physically able to perform their duties and / or, according to the simulation, have had to evacuate the area of ​​the vessel encompassed by the first simulation environment. Such scenarios could occur, for example, in the event of a fire.

[0166] Depending on the design, the military watercraft is one of the following: a submarine, an aircraft carrier, a helicopter carrier, a cruiser, a destroyer, a frigate, a corvette, a landing craft, a minelayer, a minesweeper, a minehunter, a patrol boat, a speedboat, a reconnaissance vessel.

[0167] Further embodiments comprise a system consisting of a military watercraft with a physical command post and an associated simulation system according to one of the previously described exemplary embodiments of the simulation system for conducting simultaneous cooperative combat training of a multiple crew members of the military watercraft within the simulation system. The physical command post in the first simulation environment of the simulation system is identical in construction to the physical command post of the watercraft.

[0168] Embodiments further include a method for operating a simulation system to conduct simultaneous cooperative combat training of multiple crew members of a military watercraft. The simulation system comprises a first simulation environment with a physical control station of the watercraft for training an initial group of crew members.

[0169] The first simulation environment comprises one or more initial physical controls of the watercraft. Each initial physical control is configured to set one or more control parameters for the operation of the watercraft. The control station is configured to acquire the control parameters set by the initial physical controls and communicate them to a simulation interface of the simulation system.

[0170] The simulation system further includes a second simulation environment, spatially separate from the first, for training a second group of crew members. This second simulation environment comprises technical means configured to provide a visual simulation that includes one or more at least partially virtual copies of one or more second physical controls of the vessel for setting the control parameters. The technical means are further configured to capture the control parameters set by these copies and communicate them to the simulation system's interface.

[0171] The simulation system's interface includes a memory. This memory contains an initial database with multiple records of hit parameters for multiple different hit scenarios of the watercraft and the corresponding damage scenarios associated with each hit scenario. The damage scenarios define specific damage parameters for the watercraft. These damage scenarios for the hit scenarios are pre-calculated using a damage model of the watercraft.

[0172] The procedure includes: Receiving at least one set of hit parameters for at least one hit on the watercraft from a combat simulation system via the simulation interface during combat training, comparing the received hit parameters with the hit parameters of the data records stored in the first database, determining a data set of hit parameters from the majority of data records in the first database whose hit parameters show the smallest deviations from the received hit parameters, reading the damage scenario associated with the determined data set from the first database, controlling at least the visual simulation provided by the technical means of the second simulation environment to reproduce the read-out damage scenario.

[0173] Embodiments of the method can, for example, be configured to operate any of the previously described exemplary embodiments of the simulation system for conducting simultaneous cooperative combat training of a plurality of crew members of a military watercraft.

[0174] According to embodiments, the method further comprises displaying one or more of the damage parameters of the read-out damage scenario on one or more display devices of the control station.

[0175] In some embodiments, the damage scenarios of the watercraft stored in the first database are pre-calculated for the hit scenarios using a finite element method for the watercraft. In other embodiments, the method further comprises storing one or more pre-calculated damage scenarios of the watercraft, for example, all pre-calculated damage scenarios, in the first database. In other embodiments, the method further comprises pre-calculating one or more damage scenarios of the watercraft to be stored, for example, all damage scenarios to be stored, for the hit scenarios using the finite element method for the watercraft.

[0176] According to embodiments, the method further comprises adapting one or more individual reproductions of the visual simulation by one or more of the technical means of the second simulation environment using one or more of the damage parameters of the read-out damage scenario to one or more environmental conditions resulting from the damage scenario in order to simulate individual effects of the resulting environmental conditions on one or more crew members of the second group of crew members.

[0177] According to embodiments, the adjustments of the individual reproductions include one or more of the following visual effects: a flickering of the visual reproduction, a temporary interruption of the visual reproduction, a color change of the visual reproduction, a restriction of a field of view encompassed by the visual reproduction, a blurring of the visual reproduction, a slowing down of the visual reproduction.

[0178] According to embodiments, one or more of the following acoustic effects are also used to simulate individual effects of the resulting environmental conditions: a temporary cessation of acoustic playback, a reduction in the volume of acoustic playback, a noise effect on acoustic playback, a superimposition of acoustic playback with a whistling tone.

[0179] In some embodiments, the memory also contains a second database with definitions of the one or more first control elements and the one or more copies of the one or more second control elements. The definitions for the defined first control elements and copies of the second control elements each establish a primary priority for a simulated normal operation of the watercraft, in which the control parameter settings according to the first physical control elements are prioritized over the settings according to the copies of the second control elements as the only valid control parameter settings for the watercraft simulation.

[0180] The procedure further includes switching from one or more primary priorities to one or more secondary priorities in response to a simulated deviation from the normal operation of the watercraft. For the simulated deviation from normal operation, the one or more secondary priorities prioritize settings of one or more control parameters according to one or more copies of the secondary controls assigned to the secondary priorities over settings according to one or more primary physical controls assigned to the secondary priorities as the only valid settings of the corresponding control parameters for the watercraft simulation.

[0181] Embodiments of the invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. These show: Figure 1: A schematic block diagram of an exemplary simulation system; Figure 2: A schematic block diagram of another exemplary simulation system; Figure 3: A schematic diagram of a first exemplary simulation environment; Figure 4: A schematic diagram of a second exemplary simulation environment; Figure 5: Exemplary embodiments of control elements; Figure 6: A schematic block diagram of an exemplary control station; Figure 7: A schematic block diagram of an exemplary technical means; Figure 8: A schematic block diagram of an exemplary simulation computer system; Figure 9: A schematic block diagram of an exemplary combat simulation system; Figure 10: A schematic block diagram of an exemplary FEM computer system; Figure 11: A schematic flowchart of an exemplary procedure for combat training of a plurality of crew members of a military watercraft.Figure 12: A schematic flowchart of an exemplary deviation from normal operation; Figure 13: A schematic flowchart of an exemplary deviation from normal operation; Figure 14: A schematic flowchart of an exemplary deviation from normal operation; Figure 15: A schematic flowchart of an exemplary procedure for simulating the state of a watercraft; Figure 16: A schematic flowchart of an exemplary procedure for simulating the state of a watercraft in the event of a hit; Figure 17: A schematic block diagram of another exemplary simulation system; Figure 18: A schematic block diagram of another exemplary simulation system; Figure 19: A representation of an exemplary simulation system; Figure 20: A representation of a first exemplary simulation environment; Figure 21: A representation of exemplary consoles of a control room.

[0182] Elements of the following embodiments that correspond to each other are marked with the same reference numerals.

[0183] Figure 1Figure 1 shows an exemplary simulation system 100. The exemplary simulation system 100 comprises a first simulation environment 110 and a second simulation environment 130. Furthermore, the simulation system 100 includes a simulation computer system 150, which provides a simulation interface 152. The different components of the simulation computer system 100, i.e., the first simulation environment 110, the second simulation environment 130, and the simulation computer system 150, are communicatively connected to each other via communication links through a communication network 170. The first simulation environment 110 includes a control station 112, which, for example, provides initial physical controls 114, such as operating elements of the control station 112. The first simulation environment 110 may also include, for example, initial physical controls 114 that are not part of the control station 112.The first simulation environment 110 is, for example, arranged on a movable platform 116. Actuators 118 are arranged on the platform 116. These actuators 118 can be, for example, hydraulic, pneumatic, and / or electrical actuators. A motion controller 111 of the platform 116 controls the actuators 118 to simulate the movement of the watercraft during the simulated operation. The motion controller 111 is located on the platform 116. For example, the motion controller 111 can also be located remotely from the platform 116. For example, the simulation computer system 150 can include the motion controller 111.

[0184] The second simulation environment 130 comprises technical resources 132 configured to provide a visual simulation with at least partial virtual copies 134 of second physical controls. These technical resources 132 may be, for example, one or more desktop PCs, mobile wearable devices such as tablets, or smart glasses. One or more of the second physical controls may, for example, be identical to one or more first controls 114 of the first simulation environment 110. Alternatively, one or more of the second physical controls may be different from one or more first controls 114 of the first simulation environment 110, but each may be configured to set the same control parameter.

[0185] The simulation interface 152 provided by the simulation computer system 150 includes, for example, a first database 54 with a plurality of data records of hit parameters 55 for a plurality of different hit scenarios TZ 1, TZ 2, ..., TZ I of the watercraft. Each of the individual hit scenarios TZ 1, TZ 2, ..., TZ I is assigned a damage scenario SZ 1, SZ 2, ..., SZ I of the watercraft, which defines damage parameters 56 of the watercraft for the respective hit scenario TZ 1, TZ 2, ..., TZ I. The hit scenarios TZ 1, TZ 2, ..., TZ I are each defined by a plurality of one or more hit parameters 55. The hit parameters 55 include, for example, the hit parameters T11, T12, ..., T1J, which define the hit scenario TZ1. The hit scenario TZ2 is defined, for example, by the hit parameters T21, T22, ..., T2J.The hit scenario TZ I, for example, is defined by the hit parameters T I1, T I2, ..., T IJ. Similarly, the damage scenarios SZ 1, SZ 2, ..., SZ I are each defined by a plurality of one or more damage parameters 56. The damage parameters 56 include, for example, the damage parameters SP 11, SP 12, ..., SP 1J, which define the damage scenario TZ 1. The damage scenario SZ 2 is defined, for example, by the damage parameters SP 21, SP 22, ..., SP 2J. The damage scenario SZ I is defined, for example, by the damage parameters SP I1, SP I2, ..., SP IJ. The damage scenarios SZ 1 , SZ 2 , ..., SZ I for the hit scenarios TZ 1 , TZ 2 , ..., TZ I are pre-calculated using a damage model of the watercraft, which is based, for example, on the finite element method.These hit parameters 55 include, for example, information on the angle of impact, the position of impact, the force applied, and / or the type of projectile of the respective hit. The damage parameters 56 can, for example, describe a type of damage, such as a fire, water ingress, damage to the vessel's equipment, a malfunction of the vessel's equipment, a failure of the vessel's equipment, the destruction of equipment and / or areas of the vessel, and / or a disruption of technical lines. Furthermore, the damage parameters 56 can, for example, define a location and / or a severity, i.e., an extent, of the corresponding damage. This information on the hit parameters 55 and the damage parameters 56 calculated for these hits can, for example, be stored in a table or other data structure in the database 152.

[0186] If a military watercraft is hit during a combat simulation, this hit is characterized by a number of hit parameters. Based on these hit parameters, which the simulation computer system 150 receives, for example, from a combat simulation system via network 170, the data record in database 150 is determined whose hit parameters 55 show the smallest deviations from the received hit parameters. Thus, the damage scenario from the pre-calculated damage scenarios SZ 1, SZ 2, ..., SZ 1 can be determined that most closely approximates the damage scenario that would be caused by a hit with the hit parameters according to the combat simulation.

[0187] In database 150, the hit scenario with the smallest deviation in hit parameters is selected from hit scenarios TZ 1, TZ 2, ..., TZ 1. The corresponding pre-calculated damage scenario with its damage parameters 56 is then retrieved for this selected hit scenario. In simulation system 100, damage is displayed based on the retrieved damage parameters 56, which the crew members of the military vessel must address simultaneously and cooperatively.

[0188] For example, the visual simulation provided by the technical means 132 of the second simulation environment 130 is controlled to reproduce the extracted damage scenario. Using the extracted damage parameters of the specific data set, the corresponding damage scenario is reproduced in the visual simulation. For example, damage resulting from the impact is displayed at the location, of the type, and / or to the extent defined by the extracted damage parameters. For example, a fire, flooding, and / or other damage is displayed in the visual simulation at a location of the military vessel defined by the damage parameters. This displayed damage must be dealt with by one or more crew members of the military vessel, for example, simultaneously and cooperatively.

[0189] Furthermore, one or more of the damage parameters of the retrieved damage scenario are displayed, for example, on control station 122 in the first simulation environment 110, so that one or more crew members of the first group of crew members training in the first simulation environment 110 can participate in mitigating the damage caused by the hit. For example, the position and / or type of damage is displayed on the display devices of control station 110. For example, the damage includes a failure, a malfunction, and / or damage to one or more technical components of the vessel, which are displayed on the display devices of control station 110. For example, failure, malfunction, and / or damage messages are displayed for the corresponding components on the display devices of control station 110.For example, an alarm is triggered at control station 110, such as a fire alarm and / or a water ingress alarm. The crew members of the first group can then take active measures to combat the damage and / or its effects. For example, they can initiate countermeasures. For example, they can use redundant systems to redistribute resources and thus replace failed, malfunctioning, and / or damaged system components. Furthermore, they can, for example, support and / or coordinate measures taken by crew members of the second group. Furthermore, for example, the motion control unit 111 of platform 116 can control the actuators 118 to simulate the vessel's movements following the impact. For example, the damage parameters 56 additionally include parameters that define the vessel's movements as a result of the impact.For example, regardless of the specific hit scenario, the same movements of the watercraft are simulated in each case. Additionally or alternatively, movements of the watercraft resulting from the hit can be simulated by movements of the visual simulation provided by the technical means 132 of the second simulation environment 130.

[0190] Furthermore, interface 152 includes, for example, state data 156 with state values ​​Z1, Z2, ... ZM, which the simulation computer system 150 calculates during the simulated operation of the watercraft. For example, the simulation computer system 150 executes a state simulation program that calculates the states 156 of the watercraft using a digital model 158 of the watercraft, current control parameters of the watercraft, and, in the event of a match, the read-out damage parameters. The control parameters of the watercraft are set, for example, by means of control elements 114 of the first simulation environment 110 and / or at least partially virtual copies of control elements 134 in the second simulation environment 130.For the calculation of the vessel's current state in the form of state data 156, the simulation program uses, for example, the most recently calculated state values ​​as input values. If a change occurs, the most recently calculated state values ​​are overwritten with the corresponding updated state values. The corresponding state data 156 can be retrieved from the first simulation environment 110 or the control station 112, as well as from the second simulation environment 130 or the technical equipment 132, via the network 170, in order to display the vessel's current state to the respective crew members in the first simulation environment 110 and the second simulation environment 130.

[0191] Figure 2 Another exemplary simulation system, number 100, is shown. This one is in Figure 2 The displayed simulation system 100 matches the one in Figure 1The simulation system shown corresponds to 100. Additionally, in the case of the one in Figure 2The simulation system 100 shown, the simulation interface 152 provided by the simulation computer system 150, and a second database 154 containing definitions S1, S2, ... SN of the first controls 114 and the at least partially virtual copies 134 of the second controls. The second database 154 can, for example, be different from the first database 54. Alternatively, the first database 54 can also contain the second database 154. For example, the second database 154 contains, for each of the controls 114 and / or each copy 134 of a control, one currently valid control parameter 155, i.e., P1, P2, ... PN. For example, these control parameters 155 entered in the second database 154 are the currently valid control parameters set by means of the controls 114 or the at least partially virtual copies 134.For example, the control parameters 155 entered in the second database 154 include all control parameters set by means of the first controls 114 and the copies of the second controls, from which the currently valid control parameters are selected based on the applicable prioritization. Furthermore, the second database 154 defines, for example, primary priorities N1, N2, ... NN and secondary priorities F1, F2, ... FN for the controls 114 and copies 134 of controls. For example, the primary priorities N1, N2, ... NN define the settings of the first physical controls 114 as the only valid control parameters 155 for entry into the second database 154 during normal operation of the watercraft. The secondary priorities F1, F2, ... FN define, for example, the settings of the corresponding secondary priorities F1, F2, ...FN assigns at least partially virtual copies 134 of the second physical control elements as the exclusively valid control parameters 155 for entry into the second database 154. A corresponding prioritization can be implemented, for example, through appropriate write permissions. For example, the first priorities N1, N2, ... NN assign the exclusive write permissions to the first simulation environment 110 and the control station 112 of the first simulation environment 110 for writing the valid control parameters 155 into the second database 154. For example, the second priorities F1, F2, ... FN assign the exclusive write permissions to the technical resources 132 of the second simulation environment 130 for writing the control parameters 155 into the second database 154. A change between operating states can be achieved, for example, by setting a flag 157. If a corresponding flag 157 is set for one or more of the control elements S1, S2, ...If SN is set, then, for example, the secondary priorities F1, F2, ... FN apply to the corresponding controls S1, S2, ... SN. If, for example, no flag 157 is set, then the primary priority N1, N2, ... NN applies to the corresponding controls S1, S2, ... SN. Alternatively, a change between operating states can be achieved, for example, by overwriting. For example, in normal operation, the second database 154 only contains the primary priorities N1, N2, ... NN. For example, in the event of a simulated deviation from the normal operation of the vessel, the corresponding primary priorities N1, N2, ... NN are each overwritten by corresponding secondary priorities F1, F2, ... FN. Such a deviation from the normal operation of the vessel could, for example, result from the vessel being hit.

[0192] Alternatively, the primary priorities N1, N2, ... NN and the secondary priorities F1, F2, ... FN can each define activations for capturing the settings of the first physical controls 114 or the at least partially virtual copies 134 of the second physical controls, respectively. For example, the primary priorities N1, N2, ... NN define that capturing the settings of the first physical controls 114 by the simulation environment 110 or the control room 112 is activated, while capturing the settings of the at least partially virtual copies 134 of the second physical controls is deactivated. Conversely, the secondary priorities F1, F2, ... FN define, for example, deactivating the capturing of the settings of the first physical controls 114, while activating the capturing of the settings of the at least partially virtual copies 134 of the second physical controls.Again, switching between first priorities N 1 , N 2 , ... NN and second priorities F 1 , F 2 , ... FN can be implemented using flags or a corresponding override.

[0193] Figure 3Figure 1 shows a first exemplary simulation environment 110. The simulation environment 110 is, for example, arranged on a movable platform 116. Actuators 118, such as hydraulic, pneumatic, and / or electrical actuators, are arranged on the platform 116 and are configured to mimic the movements of the watercraft during the simulated operation. The first simulation environment 110 contains a first group 117 of crew members 115, who are being trained in the first simulation environment 110. For the training of the individual crew members 115 of the first group 117, the first simulation environment 110 includes a control station 112, for example, with one or more consoles 113. In the event of a hit, one or more damage parameters read out for this hit are displayed on these consoles 113.Furthermore, the corresponding consoles include, for example, one or more first physical controls 114. These first physical controls are, for example, console operating elements such as a touch display, a trackball, and / or one or more buttons. Additionally or alternatively, the first simulation environment 110 includes, for example, one or more first physical controls 114 independent of the control station 112. These first physical controls 114 could be, for example, switches or valves. During the simulated operation of the vessel, the crew members 115 can use the first physical controls 114 to set control parameters, which are then recorded and communicated to a simulation interface.Based on the settings of the control parameters using the first physical controls 114, changes in the state of the watercraft during the simulation are calculated and displayed accordingly. The display of these states can be achieved, for example, via the displays on the consoles 113 of the control station 112 and / or via the actuators 118.

[0194] Figure 4Figure 130 shows an exemplary second simulation environment for training a second group 137 of crew members 135. Each crew member 135 is provided with technical means 132 configured to provide a visual simulation. In the event of a hit, the visual simulation provided by the technical means 132 is controlled, for example, to reproduce a damage scenario read out for that hit, using one or more of the read-out damage parameters defining this damage scenario. The corresponding visual simulation includes at least partially virtual copies 134 of two control elements.For example, one or more of the second controls are identical to one or more of the first controls 114 of the first simulation environment 110, and / or, for example, one or more of the second controls are different from one or more of the first controls 114 of the first simulation environment 110, but are configured to set the same control parameter as a corresponding first control 114 of the first simulation environment 110. The visual simulation may, for example, include the area of ​​the watercraft simulated in the first simulation environment 110. Alternatively, the visual simulation may, for example, not include the area of ​​the watercraft simulated in the first simulation environment 110. Furthermore, the visual simulation may include additional areas of the watercraft.The technical equipment 132 can, for example, include data glasses that enable a complete virtual simulation, within which a crew member 135 can interact with the virtual components of the simulation using gesture control and / or one or more controllers. For example, the technical equipment 132 includes a screen that can display the complete virtual simulation, within which a crew member 135 can control an avatar using appropriate input devices. For example, the technical equipment includes a mobile portable device in the form of a tablet that displays a complete virtual simulation, in which a crew member 135 can control an avatar using the tablet.For example, the technical means 132 include an augmented reality device, such as smart glasses, configured to augment a tactile element 182 included in the technical means 132 with components of the corresponding second control element in virtual form. This has the advantage that the corresponding crew member 135 can train the haptic properties of the corresponding second control element, which are physically simulated by the tactile element 182. Supplementary components of the second control element, which are not included in the tactile element 182, are provided, for example, in virtual form. Furthermore, the environment in which the corresponding second control element is located can also be reproduced in virtual form.

[0195] Figure 5aFigure 1 shows an exemplary first control element 114 in physical form. By way of example, a first physical control element 114 is shown in the form of a valve with a handwheel for manual operation. Figure 5b shows a virtual copy 134 of a second physical control. This second physical control is, for example, identical to the first control 114 from Figure 5a The virtual copy is, for example, a complete virtual 3D model of the corresponding physical control element 114. Figure 5a. Figure 5c Finally, it shows a partially virtual copy 134 of a second control element, which is identical, for example, to the first physical control element 114 from Figure 5aIn the case of the partial virtual copy 134, a tactile element 182 in the form of a handwheel is provided for closing and opening the corresponding valve. A crew member who is trained to operate the corresponding control element using the partial virtual copy 134 can grasp the tactile element 182 and physically rotate it, thereby physically experiencing, for example, the haptic properties of the physical control element 114. Figure 5a The corresponding tactile element 182 is supplemented by additional components 182 in virtual form, so that the corresponding crew member, who operates the partially virtual copy 134 of the second physical control element, receives an overall visual impression that is, for example, identical to the visual impression of the physical control element 114. Figure 5aFurthermore, the tactile element 182 also mimics the haptic properties of the underlying second physical control element when activated by the partially virtual copy 134.

[0196] Figure 6Figure 112 shows the control station 112 in schematic form. The control station 112 comprises a processor 120 and a memory 121 containing program instructions 122. By executing the program instructions 122, the processor 120 of the control station 112 is controlled to provide and execute functions of the control station. For this purpose, the control station includes a user interface 123, which provides input and output means, allowing a crew member to use the control station to control the vessel. Furthermore, the control station 112 includes an interface for the input and output of communication signals. For example, the control station 112 can send control signals to components of the vessel and receive feedback on the status of the corresponding components.Within the simulation system, interface 124 serves for communication via the network 170, for example with technical means 132 of the second simulation environment 130 and / or with a simulation computer system 150. Furthermore, the control station 112 includes, for example, one or more first physical control elements 114. For example, in the event of a hit, one or more damage parameters read out for this hit can be displayed using the output means of the user interface 123i.

[0197] Figure 7Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary technical device 132. The technical device 132 comprises a processor 140 and a memory 141 containing program instructions 142. An executing program instruction 142 by the processor 141 causes the processor 141 to provide functions for the technical device 132 to a crew member. For this purpose, the technical device 132 includes, for example, a user interface 143 with output devices. The user interface 143 enables the crew member to interact with the technical device 132. For example, a complete or partial virtual model for providing at least partially virtual copies 134 of one or more secondary control elements is stored in the memory 141 of the technical device 132.This includes, for example, a complete virtual 3D model of the corresponding second control element or supplementary components of the corresponding second control element in virtual form. The technical equipment 132 is configured to provide a visual simulation to a crew member using the technical equipment 132 via the user interface 134. This visual simulation includes the respective at least partially virtual copies 134 of the second control elements. The user interface 134 also allows the crew member, for example, to interact with the provided at least partially virtual copy 134.Furthermore, the technical means 132 include, for example, communication interfaces 144 for communication with external components, such as other technical means 132, via the network 170 with the first simulation environment 110 and / or via the network 170 with a simulation computer system 150. In the event of a hit, the visual simulation provided by the technical means 132 using the user interface 134 is controlled, for example, to reproduce a damage scenario read out for this hit, for example, using one or more read-out damage parameters defining this damage scenario.

[0198] Figure 8Figure 150 shows an exemplary simulation computer system. The simulation computer system 150 comprises a processor 160 and memory 161 containing program instructions 162. The program instructions 162 are configured to control the simulation computer system 150 via the processor 160. For example, the program instructions 162 include a state simulation program. The simulation computer system may, for example, include a user interface 136, which allows a user to interact with the simulation computer system 150. Furthermore, the simulation computer system 150 includes a communication interface 164, which enables communication between the simulation computer system 150 and other components of the simulation system, such as the control station 112 of the first simulation environment 110 or the technical equipment 132 of the second simulation environment 132, for example via a communication network 170.

[0199] Memory 161 of the simulation computer system 150, for example, comprises a first database 54. This first database 54 stores a plurality of data records with hit parameters 55 for a plurality of different hit scenarios of the watercraft. Each hit scenario is assigned a damage scenario of the watercraft, which defines damage parameters 56 of the watercraft. The corresponding damage parameters 56 are also stored in the data records in memory 161 of the simulation computer system 150. The damage scenarios, or rather their damage parameters 56 for the hit scenarios, or the hit parameters 55, are pre-calculated using a damage model of the watercraft, which is based, for example, on a finite element method.

[0200] Furthermore, the memory of the simulation computer system 150 includes, for example, a second database 154 in which the current control parameters 155 are stored. These parameters are set by means of the first physical control elements 114 and the at least partially virtual copies 134 of the second control elements. The second database 154 also includes, for example, state data 156 of the watercraft, which were calculated for the simulated operation of the watercraft using the current control parameters 155, for example, by a state simulation program. The simulation computer system 150 makes the corresponding current control parameters 155 and the state data 156 available for retrieval by external components, such as the control station 112 of the first simulation environment 110 and / or the technical resources 132 of the second simulation environment 130.In the event of a hit, for example, additional damage parameters 56 of a damage scenario that most closely matches the corresponding hit are made available for retrieval.

[0201] Figure 9Figure 60 shows an exemplary combat simulation system 60. The combat simulation system 60 comprises a processor 61 and memory 62 with program instructions 64. The program instructions 64 are configured to control the combat simulation system 60 to execute a combat simulation via the processor 61. During a combat simulation, which the combat simulation system 60 executes, for example, using a combat simulation program, it calculates a hit on the watercraft. The corresponding hit is defined by hit parameter 62. The combat simulation system 60 can, for example, include a user interface 65, which allows a user to interact with the combat simulation system 60.Furthermore, the combat simulation system 60 includes a communication interface 66, which enables communication between the combat simulation system 60 and other components of the simulation system, such as the simulation computer system 150, for example via a communication network 170. The combat simulation system 60 sends the hit parameters 62, which define the hit on the watercraft according to the combat simulation, to the simulation computer system 150, for example, to determine a pre-calculated damage scenario that most closely approximates the corresponding hit.

[0202] Figure 10Figure 70 shows an exemplary FEM computer system 70. The FEM computer system 70 comprises a processor 71 and memory 72 with program instructions 74. The program instructions 74 are configured to control the FEM computer system 70 to perform an FEM calculation via the processor 71. For example, the FEM computer system 70 calculates damage parameters 56 for a hit on the military watercraft defined by hit parameters 55. For this purpose, the FEM computer system 70 uses, for example, a finite element model of the watercraft. The program instructions 74 implement, for example, one or more computer programs on the FEM computer system 70, which include one or more of the following components for performing an FEM calculation: a CAD program, an FE preprocessor, an FEM equation solver, and an FE postprocessor.The FEM computer system 70 is configured to precalculate a plurality of damage scenarios, each defined by a plurality of damage parameters 56, for a plurality of hit scenarios, each defined by a plurality of hit parameters 55. The resulting damage scenarios and damage parameters 56 are then precalculated by the simulation system using the corresponding hit scenarios and hit parameters 55 for later use in one or more combat training exercises. The FEM computer system 70 may, for example, include a user interface 75 that allows a user to interact with the FEM computer system 70.Furthermore, the FEM computer system 70 includes a communication interface 76, which enables communication between the FEM computer system 70 and other components of the simulation system, such as the simulation computer system 150, for example via a communication network 170. Data transmission can be wired or wireless. For example, the FEM computer system 70 provides the pre-calculated damage scenarios or damage parameters 56, together with the associated hit scenarios or hit parameters 55, to the simulation system 100, such as the simulation computer system 150, for later use in one or more combat training exercises.

[0203] Figure 11This document describes a method for operating a simulation system to conduct simultaneous cooperative combat training for multiple crew members of a military watercraft. The simulation system comprises a first simulation environment with a physical control station on the watercraft for training an initial group of crew members. The first simulation environment includes one or more first physical controls of the watercraft. Each first physical control is configured to set one or more control parameters for operating the watercraft. The control station is configured to detect the control parameters set by the first physical controls and communicate them to a simulation interface of the simulation system.

[0204] The simulation system further includes a second simulation environment, spatially separate from the first, for training a second group of crew members. This second simulation environment comprises technical means configured to provide a visual simulation that includes one or more at least partially virtual copies of one or more second physical controls of the vessel for setting the control parameters. The technical means are further configured to capture the control parameters set by these copies and communicate them to the simulation system's interface.

[0205] The simulation system's interface includes a memory. This memory contains an initial database with multiple records of hit parameters for multiple different hit scenarios of the watercraft and the corresponding damage scenarios associated with each hit scenario. The damage scenarios define specific damage parameters for the watercraft. These damage scenarios for the hit scenarios are pre-calculated using a damage model of the watercraft.

[0206] In Block 500, during combat training, at least one set of hit parameters for at least one hit on the watercraft is received from a combat simulation system via the simulation interface. In Block 510, the received hit parameters are compared with the hit parameters of the data records stored in the first database. In Block 512, a data set of hit parameters is selected from the majority of data records in the first database whose hit parameters show the smallest deviations from the received hit parameters. In Block 514, the damage scenario associated with the selected data set is read from the first database. In Block 516, at least the visual simulation provided by the technical means of the second simulation environment is controlled to reproduce the read damage scenario.In block 518, one or more of the damage parameters of the read-out damage scenario are optionally displayed on one or more display devices of the control station. For example, the damage parameters are used to calculate the current state of the vessel using a digital model of the vessel, as well as control parameters valid for the simulation of the vessel.

[0207] Figure 12This section describes a procedure for writing current control parameters to the simulation interface. In block 200, the simulation interface receives a write request to write a control parameter. The corresponding write request can apply, for example, to a control parameter set using a first physical control element, or to a control parameter set using at least a partially virtual copy of a second physical control element. In block 202, for example, it is determined whether normal operation or a deviation from normal operation is occurring. A deviation from normal operation could result, for example, from the vessel being hit. This check can be based on a flag, for example. If the corresponding flag is not set, it could be normal operation.If a corresponding flag is set, it could, for example, indicate a deviation from normal operation. If block 202 determines that the simulated operation of the vessel is normal, the procedure continues in block 204. In this case, write permission to write the requested control parameter is checked based on the initial priority. If the check is successful, the corresponding control parameter is written to the simulation interface in block 208. If the check fails, writing the control parameter is denied, and the write request from block 200 is rejected. If block 202 determines that the simulated operation of the vessel is a deviation from normal operation, i.e., a simulated deviation from normal operation, the procedure continues in block 206.In Block 206, write permissions for the write request are checked based on the secondary priorities. If the check is successful, the process continues in Block 208 and the corresponding control parameter is written to the simulation interface. If the check fails, writing the control parameter is denied and the write request from Block 200 is rejected. This process is executed repeatedly for write requests during the simulated operation of the watercraft. For example, a corresponding write request is made each time a control parameter setting is changed during training using a first control element or at least a partially virtual copy of a second control element. During simulated operation, a change in operating mode can occur in Block 210, from normal operation to a deviation from normal operation, or vice versa.Subsequent writing requests in block 200 will then be reviewed, taking into account the corresponding change of operation.

[0208] Figure 13This section describes a method for selecting current control parameters in the simulation interface from written control parameters. In this case, for example, both control parameters set using the first physical controls (i.e., first control parameters) and control parameters set using copies of the second controls (i.e., second control parameters) are considered. For example, interface parameters are defined for each simulation environment, which the respective simulation environments are permitted to write to via an interface definition. The simulation environments can write their configured control parameters to these interface parameters at any time. A flag, which distinguishes between first priority (e.g., remote control) and second priority (e.g., local operation), signals to the simulation model which of the interface values ​​it should adopt as the valid control parameter for the simulation of the watercraft.For example, if the flag is set to normal operation and the second simulation environment writes an opening degree of a virtual copy of a valve in the virtual environment to the simulation interface, this control parameter is indeed present as a value in the simulation interface or in one of the interface parameters assigned to the second simulation environment, but it is not adopted or used as a valid control parameter for the simulation.

[0209] In block 250, both the first and second control parameters are written to the simulation interface. Block 252 determines, for example, whether normal operation or a deviation from normal operation is occurring. A deviation from normal operation could result, for instance, from the vessel encountering a collision. Such a check is performed, for example, in response to a read request to retrieve the control parameters currently valid for the vessel simulation. This check can be based on a flag, for example. If a corresponding flag is not set, it could indicate normal operation. If a corresponding flag is set, it could indicate a deviation from normal operation. If block 252 determines that the simulated vessel operation is normal, the process continues in block 254.In this case, for example, the first control parameters are selected based on the first priority. If, in block 202, it is determined for one or more of the controls or associated control parameters that the simulated operation of the vessel is a deviation from normal operation, i.e., a simulated deviation from normal operation, the procedure continues in block 256. In block 256, for example, the second control parameters are selected, which were set using the copies of the second controls assigned to the second priorities of the corresponding deviation from normal operation. In block 258, the selected first and / or second control parameters are read and used as the currently valid control parameters for the simulation of the vessel.During simulated operation, a change in operating mode in block 260 from normal operation to a deviation from normal operation, or vice versa, may occur. Subsequent read requests when initiating block 252 are then checked taking the respective change in operating mode into account.

[0210] Figure 14This shows a procedure for changing operating modes based on activating and deactivating the acquisition of settings for the first physical control parameters and their at least partially virtual copies. If acquisition via a first physical control parameter is deactivated, for example, no setting of an associated control parameter can be made using the corresponding first control. If acquisition via a copy of a second physical control parameter is deactivated, for example, no setting of an associated control parameter can be made using the corresponding copy. For example, the corresponding copy cannot be actuated at all as long as the first priority settings apply to it. In block 300, an operating mode change occurs from normal operation to a deviation from normal operation, or vice versa.A deviation from normal operation can result, for example, from the vessel being hit. This triggers the activation of operation-specific recording of control parameter settings. Under normal operation, recording of the physical control parameter settings is activated, while recording of the settings of at least partially virtual copies of the physical control parameters is deactivated. During a simulated deviation from normal operation, recording of the settings of the first physical control elements is deactivated, while recording of the settings of at least partially virtual copies of the second physical control elements is activated. In block 304, the control parameters of those control elements whose setting recording has been activated are recorded.In normal operation, the settings of the physical control parameters are recorded. In the event of a deviation from normal operation, the settings of the at least partially virtual copies of the second physical control elements are recorded. In block 306, the recorded control parameters are written to the simulation interface. The procedure continues in block 304. Changes to the settings of control elements for which recording is enabled are recorded in block 304 and written to the simulation interface in block 306. If there is a subsequent change in operating mode from a deviation from normal operation back to normal operation, or vice versa, the procedure continues with block 300.

[0211] Figure 15This section presents an exemplary procedure for simulating the states of a watercraft. Block 400 accesses current state data for the watercraft. This current state data may be the result of a previous simulation step. Block 402 accesses current control parameters for the watercraft. These control parameters are set, for example, using first physical controls or at least partially virtual copies of second physical controls. In Block 404, a current state of the watercraft is simulated using the state data from Block 400 and the control parameters from Block 402, employing a digital model of the watercraft. This is performed, for example, by a state simulation program. The results of the corresponding simulation are used in Block 406 to update the state data.The process is repeated cyclically, for example, with block 400. For instance, the process is repeated every time a control parameter changes.

[0212] Independently of the status data update, i.e., asynchronously to blocks 400 to 406, the updated status data in block 408 can be read by other components of the simulation system. For example, the updated status data is read from the simulation interface by a first simulation environment or the control room within the first simulation environment, and by the second simulation environment or its technical resources. In block 410, the read status data is processed; for example, it is displayed to crew members during training. The process is then continued, for example, as needed or cyclically, with block 408.

[0213] Figure 16 This section presents an exemplary procedure for simulating the states of a watercraft in the event of a hit during a combat simulation. Block 600 accesses current state data for the watercraft. This current state data can be the result of a previous simulation step. Block 602 accesses current control parameters for the watercraft. These control parameters are set, for example, using primary physical controls or at least partially virtual copies of secondary physical controls. Block 604 accesses damage parameters of a damage scenario associated with the hit. This access is performed, for example, according to the procedure described in [reference to relevant section]. Figure 11During combat training, a combat simulation system receives a set of hit parameters for each corresponding hit. These parameters are compared with the hit parameters stored in a database of the simulation interface. This database contains numerous hit parameter records for multiple different hit scenarios of the vessel, along with their respective damage scenarios. Each damage scenario defines specific damage parameters for the vessel. These damage scenarios are pre-calculated using a damage model of the vessel.Using the received hit parameters, a data set is selected from the majority of data sets whose hit parameters exhibit the smallest deviations from the received hit parameters. To access the damage parameters of the damage scenario associated with the hit or the selected data set, the damage scenario of the selected data set, including its damage parameters, is retrieved from the database. In block 606, a current state of the vessel is simulated using the state data from block 600, the control parameters from block 602, and the damage parameters defined by the retrieved damage scenario from block 404, using a digital model of the vessel. This is performed, for example, by a state simulation program. The results of the corresponding simulation are used in block 608 to update the state data.The process is repeated cyclically, for example, with block 600. For instance, the process is repeated every time a control parameter changes. For example, the process is repeated every time a combat simulation system receives a set of hit parameters for a hit on the watercraft during the combat simulation.

[0214] Regardless of the update of the state data, i.e., asynchronously to blocks 600 to 606, furthermore, as in Figure 14As shown, the updated status data in Block 408 is read from other components of the simulation system. For example, the updated status data is read from the simulation interface by a first simulation environment or the control room within the first simulation environment, and by the second simulation environment or its technical resources. In Block 410, the read status data is processed; for example, it is displayed to crew members during training. The process is continued with Block 408 as needed or cyclically.

[0215] Figure 17 shows an exemplary simulation system 100, which is based on the simulation system 100 from Figure 1The exemplary simulation system 100 comprises a first simulation environment 110 and a second simulation environment 130. Furthermore, the simulation system 100 includes a simulation computer system 150, which provides a simulation interface 152. The different components of the simulation computer system 100, i.e., the first simulation environment 110, the second simulation environment 130, and the simulation computer system 150, are communicatively connected to each other via communication links through a communication network 170. The difference compared to the simulation system 100 from Figure 1 consists of the fact that the first simulation environment 110 consists of Figure 17 It is not located on a movable platform. It is therefore a stationary, i.e., static, simulation environment 110.

[0216] Figure 18 shows an exemplary simulation system 100, which is based on the simulation system 100 from Figure 2The exemplary simulation system 100 comprises a first simulation environment 110 and a second simulation environment 130. Furthermore, the simulation system 100 includes a simulation computer system 150, which provides a simulation interface 152. The different components of the simulation computer system 100, i.e., the first simulation environment 110, the second simulation environment 130, and the simulation computer system 150, are communicatively connected to each other via communication links through a communication network 170. The difference compared to the simulation system 100 from Figure 2 consists of the fact that the first simulation environment 110 consists of Figure 18 It is not located on a movable platform. It is therefore a stationary, i.e., static, simulation environment 110.

[0217] Figure 19Figure 100 shows an exemplary simulation system comprising a first simulation environment 110 and a second simulation environment 130. The first simulation environment 110, with a control station 112, which includes, for example, a plurality of consoles 113, is arranged on a movable platform 116. The platform 116 is moved by means of a plurality of actuators. These actuators are, for example, hydraulic, pneumatic, and / or electrical actuators. The platform 116 is, for example, elevated so that it has sufficient freedom of movement relative to the ground 103 below the platform 116 to be able to perform tilting movements. The first simulation environment 110, located on the elevated platform 116, is accessible, for example, via a ladder 104 and / or a static platform or a walkway 102. For example, the first simulation environment 110 is located in a hall.

[0218] The second simulation environment 130, for example, is located in an adjacent room and comprises technical equipment 132 configured to provide a visual simulation with at least partial virtual copies of initial physical controls. The corresponding technical equipment 132 may include, for example, one or more desktop PCs, mobile portable devices such as tablets, or data glasses. Figure 19 The technical resources are provided in the form of a plurality of desktop PCs.

[0219] Finally, the simulation system 100 also includes a server room 106 with the simulation computer system 150, which comprises, for example, one or more servers and provides a simulation interface. A first database containing multiple data records of hit parameters for multiple different hit scenarios of the watercraft and the damage scenarios of the watercraft assigned to each hit scenario is stored in a memory of the simulation interface or the simulation computer system 150. The damage scenarios each define damage parameters of the watercraft. The damage scenarios for the hit scenarios are pre-calculated using a damage model of the watercraft.Furthermore, the simulation interface of the simulation computer system 150 is configured to receive at least one set of hit parameters for at least one hit on the watercraft from a combat simulation system during combat training. The received hit parameters are compared with the hit parameters of the data records stored in the first database, and a data set of hit parameters is selected from the majority of data records in the first database whose hit parameters show the smallest deviations from the received hit parameters. The damage scenario associated with the selected data set is read from the first database, and at least the visual simulation provided by the technical means of the second simulation environment is controlled to reproduce the retrieved damage scenario.Furthermore, for example, one or more of the damage parameters of the read-out damage scenario are displayed on one or more display devices of the consoles 113 of the control room 112.

[0220] The simulation interface or simulation computer system 150 also stores, for example, a second database containing definitions of one or more primary control elements and one or more copies of secondary control elements. The definitions for the defined control elements and copies each establish a primary priority for simulated normal operation of the watercraft. Furthermore, the simulation interface of the simulation computer system 150 is configured, for example, to switch from the primary priorities of the one or more primary control elements and the one or more copies of the secondary control parameters to one or more secondary priorities in response to a simulated malfunction of the watercraft. Such a malfunction of the watercraft could, for example, result from the watercraft being struck by an object.

[0221] Figure 20shows a detailed view of the exemplary first simulation environment 110 from Figure 19 with a control station 112, which, for example, comprises a plurality of consoles 113. The first simulation environment 110 is arranged on a movable platform 116. The platform 116 is moved, for example, by means of a plurality of actuators. These actuators are, for example, hydraulic, pneumatic, and / or electrical actuators. The platform 116 is, for example, arranged at an elevation so that it has sufficient freedom of movement relative to the ground 103 below the platform 116 to be able to perform, for example, tilting movements. The first simulation environment 110 arranged on the elevated platform 116 is accessible, for example, via a ladder 104 and / or a static platform or a walkway 102.

[0222] Figure 21Figure 1 shows exemplary consoles 113 of a first simulation environment. These consoles 113 are, for example, components of a control room 112 arranged in the first simulation environment. Figure 21Figure 1 shows, for example, a group of three consoles 113. Each console 113 carries, for example, a computer unit 14, a display and control unit 18, a screen 26, and a touchscreen 36. The consoles 113 include, for example, a projecting board 10, which protrudes from the user-facing front of the respective console 113. The board is positioned, for example, between two slots, i.e., below a slot of the console 113 for the display and control unit 18 and above a slot for the computer unit 14. For example, the board carries the touchscreen 36 and a selection device 28. Below the board 10, the computer unit 14 is arranged, for example, in a slot of the console 113. The computer unit 14 controls, for example, the display and control unit 18 and processes user inputs received by the display and control unit 18.

[0223] The display and control unit 18 includes, for example, a screen 26 for displaying the status and / or functions of the watercraft. For example, at least parts of a digital model of the watercraft are displayed on the screen 26. The display and control unit 18 also includes, for example, a touch-sensitive screen 36 for displaying executable actions or initiateable functions of the watercraft. The touch-sensitive screen 36 is, for example, divided into touch-sensitive areas 38, each of which displays a selectable action. A user can select a touch-sensitive area 38, for example, by touching the corresponding area 38. For example, the areas 38 each have the shape of a rectangle. For example, the areas 38 are arranged side by side and one below the other, and without overlapping, in rows and columns on the screen 36.Furthermore, the screen 36 on board 10 may, for example, additionally have one or more non-touch-sensitive areas, e.g. to display messages to the user.

[0224] Furthermore, the display and control unit 18 includes one or more input devices, such as the selection device 28, for capturing user input. The selection device 28 is, for example, mounted in the board 10. The selection device 28 also includes, for example, a trackball 29 and one or more buttons 30.

[0225] Furthermore, the consoles 113 include, for example, instrument panels 34 with indicator lights that show certain operating states of components of the watercraft. These instrument panels 34 are arranged, for example, in slots of the consoles 113, such as above the display and control unit 18.

[0226] The display and control unit 18, for example, captures user input, such as the selection of an object of the watercraft displayed on the screen 26. User input can be captured, for example, using the selection device 28 and / or the touch-sensitive screen 36. Based on the captured user input, the display and control unit 18 transmits to the computer unit 14 that the user has selected an object and which object it has selected. For example, the display and control unit 18 outputs a confirmation signal after the user has made a selection. The confirmation signal can be, for example, the illumination of an indicator light on the instrument panel 34 or another visually, audibly, or tactilely perceptible signal, such as highlighting the selected object in the display on the screen 26 or a vibration, for example, of the selection device 28, such as the trackball 29.The confirmation signal indicates to the user that their selection has been recorded.

[0227] In response to the selection of an object on screen 26, and thus the corresponding component of the watercraft, the computer unit 14 determines which actions can be performed on the component represented by the selected object. This component might be, for example, a valve of the watercraft subsystem displayed on screen 26, such as a cooling system. The computer unit 14 accesses a computer-available table containing the possible actions for this selected component. Subsequently, the computer unit 14 instructs the display and control unit 18 to generate an action display and show it on the touchscreen 36.

[0228] This actions display shows the identified actions that can be performed on the component represented by the selected object in the display on screen 26. The actions display is therefore context-dependent, as it depends on which object, and thus which component, was previously selected in the display on screen 26. Reference symbol list

[0229] 10 Board 14 Computer unit 18 Display and control unit 26 Screen 28 Selection device 29 Track ball 30 Keys 34 Instrument panel 36 Touch-sensitive screen 38 Touch-sensitive screen area 54 First database 55 Hit parameters 56 Damage parameters 60 Combat simulation system 61 Processor 62 Hit parameters 63 Memory 64 Instructions 65 User interface 66 Communication interface 70 FEM computer system 71 Processor 72 Memory 73 Program instructions 74 Finite element model 75 User interface 76 Communication interface 100 Simulation system 102 Static platform 103 Floor 104 Ladder 106 Server room 110 First simulation environment 111 Motion control 112 Control station 113 Console 114 Physical control element 115 Crew member 116 Movable platform 117 First group of crew members 118 Actuators 120 Processor 121 Memory 122 Instructions 123 User interface 124 Communication interface 130 Second simulation environment 132 Technical means 134 Copy of a control element135 Crew member 137 Second group of crew members 140 Processor 141 Memory 142 Instructions 143 User interface 144 Communication interface 150 Simulation computer system 152 Simulation interface 154 Second database 155 Control parameters 156 State data 157 Flag 158 Digital model of the watercraft 160 Processor 161 Memory 162 Instructions 163 User interface 164 Communication interface 170 Network 180 Virtual 3D model of a control element 182 Tactile element 184 Virtual components of the copy of the control element

Claims

1. simulation system (100) for conducting simultaneous cooperative combat training for a plurality of crew members (115, 135) of a military vessel, wherein the simulation system (100) comprises a first simulation environment (110) with a physical control station (112) of the vessel for training a first group (117) of crew members (115), wherein the first simulation environment (110) comprises one or more first physical control elements (114) of the vessel, wherein the first physical control elements (114) are each configured to set one or more control parameters (155) for the operation of the vessel, wherein the control console (112) is configured to detect control parameters (155) set by means of the first physical control elements (114) and to communicate them to a simulation interface (152) of the simulation system (100), wherein the simulation system (100) further comprises a second simulation environment (130), spatially separate from the first simulation environment (110), for training a second group (137) of crew members (135), wherein the second simulation environment (130) comprises technical means (132) configured to provide a visual simulation comprising one or more at least partially virtual copies (134) of one or more second physical control elements (114) of the watercraft for adjusting the control parameter (155), wherein the technical means (132) are further configured to detect control parameters (155) set by means of the copies (134) and to communicate them to the simulation interface (152) of the simulation system (100), wherein the simulation interface (152) of the simulation system (100) comprises a memory, characterised in that the memory stores a first database (54) containing a plurality of data records of impact parameters (55) for a plurality of different impact scenarios on the watercraft and damage scenarios on the watercraft associated with each of the impact scenarios, wherein the damage scenarios each define damage parameters (56) to the watercraft, the damage scenarios for the impact scenarios having been pre-calculated using a damage model (74) for the watercraft, wherein the simulation system (100) is configured to • receiving at least one set of impact parameters (62) for at least one impac on the vessel from a combat simulation system (60) via the simulation interface (152) in the course of combat training, • comparing the received hit parameters (62) with the hit parameters (55) of the data records stored in the first database (54), • determining a record of hit parameters from the plurality of records in the first database (54) whose hit parameters exhibit the smallest deviations from the received hit parameters (62), • retrieving the damage scenario associated with the identified data record from the first database (54), • controlling at least the visual simulation provided by the technical means (132) of the second simulation environment (130) to reproduce the retrieved damage scenario.

2. Simulation system (100) according to claim 1, wherein the simulation system (100) is further configured to display one or more of the damage parameters of the retrieved damage scenario on one or more display devices of the control centre (112).

3. A simulation system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the determination of the data record of hit parameters (55) in the first database (54), whose hit parameters exhibit the smallest deviations from the received hit parameters (62), comprises calculating differences between the received hit parameters and the hit parameters of the records stored in the first database (54).

4. A simulation system (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the step of determining the record of match parameters (55) in the first database (54) whose hit parameters exhibit the smallest deviations from the received hit parameters (62) comprises, for one or more of the data records stored in the first database (54), calculating a weighted sum of the deviations between the received hit parameters (62) and the hit parameters of the respective data record.

5. Simulation system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first simulation environment (110) is arranged on a movably mounted platform (116), wherein a plurality of hydraulic, pneumatic and / or electrical actuators (118) are arranged on the platform (116), which are controlled by a motion controller (111) of the platform (116) in order to mimic the movements of the watercraft during simulated operation.

6. Simulation system (100) according to claim 5, wherein the motion controller (111) is configured to control the actuators (118) in accordance with one or more of the damage parameters of the retrieved damage scenario, in order to mimic the movements of the watercraft during the course of the damage scenario to be simulated.

7. A simulation system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the damage scenarios stored in the first database (54) relating to the watercraft are pre-calculated for the impact scenarios using a finite element method for the watercraft.

8. Simulation system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein one or more individual renderings of the visual simulation are adapted by one or more of the technical means (132) of the second simulation environment (130) are adapted to one or more environmental conditions resulting from the damage scenario, using one or more of the damage parameters of the retrieved damage scenario, in order to simulate individual effects of the resulting environmental conditions on one or more crew members of the second group (137) of crew members (135).

9. Simulation system (100) according to claim 8, wherein the adjustments to the individual renderings comprise one or more of the following visual effects: flickering of the visual representation, intermittent interruption of the visual representation, a change in colour of the visual representation, restriction of a field of view encompassed by the visual representation, blurring of the visual representation, slowing down of the visual representation.

10. A simulation system (100) according to any one of claims 8 to 9, wherein, furthermore, one or more of the following acoustic effects are used to simulate individual effects of the resulting environmental conditions: an intermittent interruption of acoustic outputs, a reduction in the volume of acoustic outputs, the introduction of noise into acoustic outputs, or the superimposition of a whistling tone onto acoustic outputs.

11. A simulation system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the simulation system (100) further comprises the combat simulation system (60).

12. A simulation system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the copies (134) of the second control elements each constitute a complete virtual 3D model (180) of the second control element corresponding to the , wherein the technical means (132) of the second simulation environment (130) for providing the copies (134) of the second control elements comprise one or more output devices, including one of the plurality of displays for the visual output of the virtual 3D models (180), as well as one or more input devices for the virtual simulation of a condition of the virtual 3D models (180).

13. Simulation system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the technical means (132) of the second simulation environment (130) for providing the copies (134) of the second control elements comprise one or more tactile elements (182) for physically replicating the haptic properties of the one or more second control elements, wherein the technical means (132) further comprise one or more augmented reality devices, which are configured to provide, in virtual form, components (184) complementary to the tactile elements (182) for the corresponding second control elements, wherein the one or more augmented reality devices each comprise one or more displays for the visual output of the complementary virtual components (184) of the copies (134) of the second control elements, as well as one or more sensors for detecting interactions between the crew members (135) of the second group (137) of crew members (135) - who are using the one or more augmented reality devices - and the tactile elements (182) and / or the supplementary virtual components (184) in accordance with a condition of the copies (134) of the second control elements.

14. Simulation system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more first control elements (114) comprise one or more valves, switches and / or touch-sensitive elements of the watercraft and / or wherein the second control elements comprise one or more valves, switches and / or touch-sensitive elements of the watercraft.

15. A simulation system (100) according to claim 14, wherein each of the one or more first control elements (114) comprises a mechanically actuable component and / or wherein the one or more second control elements each comprise a mechanically actuable component.

16. Simulation system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the memory of the simulation interface (152) further comprises a second database (154) containing definitions of the one or more first physical control elements (114) and the one or more copies (134) of the one or more second control elements, wherein the definitions for the defined first control elements (114) and copies (134) of the second control elements each specify a primary prioritisation for simulated normal operation of the watercraft, in which the settings of the control parameters (155) in accordance with the first physical control elements (114) are prioritised over the settings in accordance with the copies (134) of the second control elements as the exclusively valid settings of the control parameters (155) for the simulation of the watercraft, wherein the simulation interface (152) of the simulation system (100) is further configured, in response to a simulated deviation from the normal operation of the watercraft, to switch from one or more of the first prioritisations to one or more second prioritisations, whereby the one or more second prioritisations provide, for the simulated deviation from normal operation, settings for one or more of the control parameters (155) in accordance with one or more copies (134) of the second control elements associated with the secondary prioritisation settings, over settings in accordance with one or more first physical control elements (114) associated with the secondary prioritisation settings, as the settings for the corresponding control parameters (155) that are exclusively valid for the simulation of the watercraft.

17. Simulation system (100) according to claim 16, wherein one or more of the damage scenarios contained in the first database (54), when executed in the course of the simulated operation of the watercraft, each represent a deviation from the normal operation of the watercraft.

18. Simulation system (100) according to any one of claims 16 to 17, wherein the memory of the simulation interface (152) further stores control parameters (155) currently valid for the simulation of the watercraft.

19. Simulation system (100) according to claim 18, wherein the first priorities and second priorities each define write permissions for writing control parameters (155) to the memory of the simulation interface (152).

20. Simulation system (100) according to claim 19, wherein the first prioritisations each specify that the control station (112) of the first simulation environment (110) has write access rights to write the control parameters (155) set by means of the first physical control elements (114) and valid during the simulated normal operation of the watercraft, whilst the technical means (132) of the second simulation environment (130) have no write access rights to write the control parameters (155) currently valid for the simulation of the watercraft, whereby the secondary prioritisation rules each specify that the technical means (132) of the second simulation environment (130) have write permissions to write the control parameters (155) set by means of the copies (134) of the second control elements assigned to the secondary prioritisation rules ( ) and valid in the simulated deviation from the normal operation of the watercraft (155) set by means of the copies (134) of the second control elements associated with the secondary prioritisation settings and valid within the simulated deviation from the normal operation of the watercraft, whilst the control station (112) has no write permissions to write the control parameters (155) set by means of the first physical control elements (114) associated with the secondary prioritisation settings as control parameters (155) currently valid for the simulation of the watercraft.

21. Simulation system (100) according to claim 19, wherein both the control station (112) of the first simulation environment (110) has write permissions to write the control parameters (155) set by means of the first physical control elements (114), and the technical means (132) of the second simulation environment (130) have write permissions to write the control parameters (155) set by means of the copies (134) of the second control elements, whereby the priority rules respectively stipulate that the control parameters (155) set by means of the first physical control elements (114) and written by the control centre (112) are interpreted as the valid control parameters (155) during the simulated normal operation of the watercraft, whilst the control parameters (155) set by means of the copies (134) of the second control elements and written by the technical means (132) of the second simulation environment (130) are not read, whereby the secondary prioritisation rules each specify that the control parameters (155) set by means of the copies (134) of the second control elements associated with the secondary prioritisation rules and written by the technical means (132) of the second simulation environment (130) are read as control parameters (155) valid for the simulated deviation from the normal operation of the watercraft, whilst the control parameters (155) set by means of the first physical control elements (114) assigned to the second prioritisations and written by the control station (112) are not read.

22. Simulation system (100) according to one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the first prioritisation defines that the acquisition of the control parameters (155) set by means of the first physical control elements (114) is enabled by the control centre (112) of the first simulation environment (110), whilst the detection of the control parameters (155) set by means of the copies (134) of the second control elements is disabled by the technical means (132) of the second simulation environment (130), whereby the second prioritisation defines that the detection of the control parameters (155) set by means of the copies (134) of the second control elements is activated by the technical means (132) of the second simulation environment (130), whilst the detection of the control parameters (155) set by means of the first physical control elements (114) is deactivated by the control centre (112) of the first simulation environment (110).

23. Simulation system (100) according to one of claims 16 to 22, wherein the simulation interface (152) is provided by a simulation computer system (150), which comprises a memory (161) containing executable programme instructions (162) of a state simulation programme for simulating a state of the watercraft and a digital model (158) of the watercraft , as well as a processor (160), wherein execution of the programme instructions (162) by the processor (160) causes the simulation computer system (150) to simulate a current state of the watercraft using the digital model (158) of the watercraft, the control parameters (155) applicable to the simulation of the watercraft, and the damage parameters defined by the retrieved damage scenario.

24. Simulation system (100) according to any one of claims 16 to 23, wherein a transition from the simulated normal operation of the watercraft to the simulated deviation from the normal operation of the watercraft is effected automatically by the simulation interface (152) during the execution of the state simulation programme, if the simulated state of the watercraft comprises the deviation from normal operation.

25. A simulation system (100) according to any one of claims 16 to 24, wherein the simulated deviation from the normal operation of the vessel comprises a failure of the first group (117) of crew members (115).

26. A simulation system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first simulation environment (110) comprises a physical operations centre of the vessel, wherein the first simulation environment (110) comprises, for example, a physical bridge of the vessel.

27. A simulation system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the military vessel is one of the following vessels: a submarine, an aircraft carrier, a helicopter carrier, a cruiser, a de-stroyer, a frigate, a corvette, a landing craft, a minelayer, a minesweeper, a minehunter, a patrol boat, a speedboat, a reconnaissance vessel.

28. Method for operating a simulation system (100) for conducting simultaneous cooperative combat training for a plurality of crew members (115, 135) of a military vessel, wherein the simulation system (100) comprises a first simulation environment (110) with a physical control station (112) of the vessel for training a first group (117) of crew members (115), wherein the first simulation environment (110) comprises one or more first physical control elements (114) of the vessel, wherein the first physical control elements (114) are each configured to adjust one or more control parameters (155) for the operation of the vessel, wherein the control console (112) is configured to detect control parameters (155) set by means of the first physical control elements (114) and to communicate them to a simulation interface (152) of the simulation system (100), wherein the simulation system (100) further comprises a second simulation environment (130), spatially separate from the first simulation environment (110), for training a second group (137) of crew members (135), wherein the second simulation environment (130) comprises technical means (132) configured to provide a visual simulation comprising one or more at least partially virtual copies (134) of one or more second physical control elements for adjusting the control parameters (155), wherein the technical means (132) are further configured to detect control parameters (155) set by means of the copies (134) and to communicate them to the simulation interface (152) of the simulation system (100), wherein the simulation interface (152) of the simulation system (100) comprises a memory, characterised in that a first database (54) is stored in the memory, containing a plurality of data records of impact parameters for a plurality of different impact scenarios on the watercraft and damage scenarios associated with each of the impact scenarios on the watercraft, wherein the damage scenarios each define damage parameters (56) on the watercraft, wherein the damage scenarios for the impact scenarios are pre-calculated for the watercraft using a damage model (74), wherein the method comprises: • receiving at least one set of impact parameters (62) for at least one impact on the vessel from a combat simulation system (60) via the simulation interface (152) in the course of combat training, • comparing the received hit parameters (62) with the hit parameters (55) of the data records stored in the first database (54), • determining a record of hit parameters from the plurality of records in of the first database (54), the hit parameters of which exhibit the smallest deviations from the received hit parameters (62), • retrieving the damage scenario associated with the identified data record from the first database (54), • controlling at least the visual simulation provided by the technical means (132) of the second simulation environment (130) to reproduce the retrieved damage scenario.

29. The method according to claim 28, wherein a second database (154) containing definitions of the one or more first control elements (114) and the one or more copies (134) of the one or more second control elements is further stored in the memory of the simulation interface (152), wherein the definitions for the defined first control elements (114) and copies (134) of the second control elements each specify an initial prioritisation for simulated normal operation of the watercraft, in which the settings of the control parameters (155) in accordance with the first physical control elements (114) are prioritised over the settings in accordance with the copies (134) of the second control elements as the exclusively valid settings of the control parameters (155) for the simulation of the watercraft, wherein the method further comprises: in response to a simulated deviation from the normal operation of the watercraft, switching from one or more of the first prioritisations to one or more second prioritisations, wherein the one or more second prioritisations define, for the deviation from normal operation, settings for one or more of the control parameters (155) in accordance with one or more copies (134) of the second control elements associated with the second prioritisations, over settings in accordance with one or more first physical control elements (114) associated with the second prioritisations, as settings of the corresponding control parameters (155) that are exclusively valid for the simulation of the watercraft.