CARPORT

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a carport with a roof surface and at least one side wall, wherein the roof surface is supported on at least one side by the side wall, wherein the roof surface and the side wall are formed by elements supported on at least two beams, wherein the roof surface is supported at at least one further point spaced away from the side wall, in particular opposite it, by at least one support on the ground, wherein both the roof surface and an outer surface of the side wall are at least partially equipped for generating electricity by means of photovoltaics.

[0002] A carport or canopy like this serves to park vehicles, most commonly associated with single-family homes. Since vehicles powered by combustion engines using fossil fuels and producing corresponding CO2 emissions will be replaced by electric vehicles (EVs) in the coming decades, it would be sensible to generate the electricity required by the EV directly at the carport. Photovoltaic panels (PV panels) are well-suited for this purpose, as they can generate the desired direct current (DC) electricity directly from solar radiation without emissions. With appropriate DC storage systems, this electrical energy can be stored directly under the PV carport and then used to charge the EV. Modern EVs have batteries that allow for bidirectional charging. This enables the use of battery power in the connected home (V2H - Vehicle-to-Home).Here it is also possible to convert the direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) using inverters and to use the alternating current to charge the electric car, for the connected house or for a connected energy partnership according to the Renewable Energy Expansion Act (EAG).

[0003] These designs are generally known and already partially in use. A typology of well-known, commercially available PV carport designs essentially distinguishes between table systems (see Fig. 1 ), lateral truss systems ( Fig. 2 ) and cantilever systems ( Fig. 3 One such table system can be found online under the heading "Solar Carport with Flat Roof Carports Modern (2+ E Cars)" on the website www.stahlzart .de The design of the Sebastian Bohry Metallbau Stahlzart carport system is clearly visible. A characteristic feature of all PV carport systems with PV panels laid in a single plane is the south-facing slope of the PV roof. This slope increases the PV surface area and facilitates water drainage. Since an excessively large opening on the north side would compromise the carport's primary weather protection function, this angle of inclination is limited to 10°–15°. Table systems (see...) Fig. 1 These structures are similar to a table with four or six legs, characterized by rigid anchorages of the supports in the roof structure using angles or struts, which is structurally complex. Side truss systems (see...) Fig. 2 They have cross braces that are firmly connected to the supports in the form of a truss made up of triangles, which imposes spatial restrictions on these two sides. Both systems only need to be secured against uplift in storms with simple foundations. Cantilever systems (see...) Fig. 3 ) However, those with arched or bent rafter trusses require elaborate and expensive reinforced concrete foundations to anchor the cantilever of the carport in the ground, but have the advantage that south-facing wall sections can also be used for PV elements.

[0004] CN 102 277 985 A schematically shows a fully enclosed garage building with a pitched or flat roof with PV elements and a garage door.

[0005] The CN 211 524 237 U shows an elaborate, multi-story construction consisting of a supporting structure and vertically movable parking spaces.

[0006] JP 2007 224673 A and JP 2020 026717 A are structures that require clamped supports and a correspondingly elaborate and massive foundation.

[0007] The CN 209 426 588 U shows a truss-like arch system of roof and wall surface, which is an elaborate clamping system that also requires an elaborate and massive foundation.

[0008] One of the aims of the invention is to eliminate or at least alleviate the disadvantages of known carports.

[0009] The invention provides for a carport of the type mentioned above in which the support is a pendulum support and the beams are supported at one end by the ground and articulated to the ground. The support of the beams at the end achieves a relatively even load distribution. With multiple supports, all supports can be pendulum supports.

[0010] The roof surface and the outer surface of the side wall can each have at least one photovoltaic element, with the photovoltaic elements being oriented in at least two different directions. For example, one photovoltaic element on the roof surface and another on the side wall can have different angles of inclination relative to the horizontal.

[0011] Furthermore, it is advantageous if the usable area for electricity generation, for example, the total effective area of ​​the photovoltaic elements, is larger than the footprint of the carport. Thus, a higher overall output can be achieved with the carport shown than with conventional PV carports.

[0012] According to one embodiment, the roof surface and the side wall can be part of a cantilever structure. The cantilever structure can preferably be hinged.

[0013] A portion of the roof surface, in particular at most half of the roof surface, can simultaneously form part of the outer surface of the side wall. This means that a photovoltaic element can be assigned to both the roof surface and an outer surface of the side wall. Preferably, another portion of the roof surface, which is not simultaneously part of the side wall, and another portion of the side wall, which is not simultaneously part of the roof surface, also together comprise at least one photovoltaic element, in particular at least one photovoltaic element each.

[0014] That part of the roof surface which is also part of the outer surface of the side wall is optionally at least partially equipped for electricity generation using photovoltaics, with preferably at least one photovoltaic element being arranged in this part.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment, the roof surface and the side wall are formed by elements supported on three or more beams. These elements can be at least partially, preferably all, photovoltaic elements.

[0016] The supports can be arched or bent, especially arched or bent rafter trusses.

[0017] At least one, preferably each, beam can have its own support, which braces a free end of the beam against the substrate.

[0018] A free end of at least one beam can be supported on the ground by a frame formed by a crossbeam and two supports. This creates an access point below the frame whose width is not dependent on, or limited by, the potentially restricted spacing of the beams.

[0019] The supports can be made of wood or steel, in particular laminated glulam beams or hot-bent or welded metal tubes or profiles.

[0020] Crossed tension bands and compression struts can be arranged between the beams for lateral stiffening.

[0021] For example, the supports can be made of wood or metal as truss girders, which can consist of compression and tension rods and nodes, with the nodes connecting the truss rods being made of metal or plastic and simultaneously forming the support points for PV elements.

[0022] Alternatively, the supports can be made of wood or metal as truss girders, consisting of compression and tension rods and nodes. Each node can consist of two hardwood or plastic multilayer panels connected with pins, anchoring the compression and tension rods. The nodes can also serve as support points for PV elements.

[0023] In one application example, the outer surface of the side wall is oriented, at least in sections, towards the sun's highest point. The sun's highest point can be determined based on the carport's location, for example, primarily facing south.

[0024] The invention will be explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments, to which it is not limited, and to the drawings. The drawings show: Fig. 1 schematically depicts a well-known PV carport construction as a table system; Fig. 2A und 2B schematically two variants of a well-known PV carport construction as a side truss system; Fig. 3 schematically a well-known PV carport construction as a cantilever system; Fig. 4A schematically a carport according to the invention in a graphical view; Fig. 4B schematically a top view of the carport according to Fig. 4a ; Fig. 5 schematically the placement of PV elements on carport supports according to Fig. 4A ; Fig. 6 schematically the storage and foundation of the carport according to Fig. 4A in a side view; Fig. 7 schematically further details of the statics of the carport according to section 4A in a graphical view; Fig. 8 A schematic representation of a second embodiment of the carport according to the invention and its support and foundation in a side view; Fig. 9 schematically the embodiment according to Fig. 8 in a graphical view; Fig. 10 schematically a cross-sectional view of a glued laminated timber with several layers; Fig. 11 A schematic cross-sectional view of a hollow metal profile; Fig. 12A schematically a side view of a third embodiment of the carport according to the invention with push and pull rods and nodes; Fig. 12B schematically a cross-section through a node according to Fig. 12 A; Fig. 13A und 13B schematic alternative variants for the implementation of the nodes of the in Fig. 12A illustrated embodiment; Fig. 14 schematically the layer structure of a PV element for use with the carport according to the invention; Fig. 15 Schematic representation of the arrangement of the PV elements with roofing in the column for sealing the carport according to the invention.

[0025] The in Fig. 4A The illustrated embodiment provides for the design of the cantilevered roof such that one or two wall surfaces, i.e., outer surfaces of a side wall, preferably oriented at oblique angles to the south, are used in addition to the mounting of PV panels and thus for the generation of solar power, while maintaining the character of a cantilevered roof (4a, 4b, 4c). This makes it possible for the effective area of ​​the PV panels to be larger than the covered ground area (4d), which is novel in connection with the economical supporting structure. The effective PV area is the pure energy-generating area of ​​the PV panels (5) without ineffective areas for mounting and edge detailing. This total area is larger here than the area of ​​the carport roof that can be achieved by sloping the panels. This supporting structure, required for the roof and part of the wall surface, is designed such that the structural support system consists of several beams, in this example arched (6, 7) or...The structure consists of bent (8, 9) rafter trusses (preferably of similar dimensions). These are hinged at one end to the ground and at the other end hinged to a support (6a, 7a, 8a, 9a) hinged to the ground or to a beam (7b, 9b) supported on hinged supports (compare . Fig. 6 ). Lateral bracing is provided by the roof sheathing or by crossed tie rods (7c, compare Fig. 7 ) combined with compression struts or by a frame articulated to the ground. The advantage of this design is that the foundations can be very economical, as only axial forces and no torque forces need to be absorbed. Together with appropriate prefabrication of the components, this shape and construction allows the "PV carport" to be manufactured very cost-effectively.

[0026] Fig. 4A Figure 1 shows a carport 1 with a roof surface 4a and at least one side wall 4b. The roof surface 4a is supported on at least one side 2 by the side wall 4b. The roof surface 4a is supported at at least one further point 3, spaced apart from and opposite the side wall 4b, by at least one support 4c on the ground 20. Both the roof surface 4a and an outer surface 21 of the side wall 4b are at least partially equipped for electricity generation by means of photovoltaics 5.

[0027] The roof surface 4a and the outer surface 21 of the side wall 4b each have at least one photovoltaic element 22 (also PV element). The photovoltaic elements 22 are oriented in at least two different directions 23, 24. The usable area for electricity generation, for example the entire effective area 30 (cf. Fig. 5 ) of the photovoltaic elements 22 is larger than the base area 4d of the carport 4 (cf. Fig. 4B ). Excluded from the effective area 30 are any roofs 31 of the gap between the PV elements 22, for the protection of the supports 26.

[0028] As in Fig. 6 und 7 As can be seen, the roof surface and the side wall are part of a hinged cantilever structure. A portion 25 of the roof surface 4a simultaneously forms part of the outer surface 21 of the side wall 4b. That portion of the roof surface which is also part of the outer surface of the side wall is likewise equipped for generating electricity by means of photovoltaics. Photovoltaic elements 22 are also arranged in this portion.

[0029] The roof surface and the side wall are formed by elements supported on three beams 26. In this embodiment, the beams are arched rafter trusses. In the second embodiment according to Fig. 8 und 9 These are bent tension beams. The beams are supported at one end 3 on the substrate 20 and connected to the substrate by hinges. Foundations 29 are provided in the substrate 20 for the connections; these foundations only need to withstand compressive and tensile forces, but not moments. A free end of the middle beam 27 is supported on the substrate 20 by a frame 7b. The frame 7b is formed by a crossbeam 28 and two columns 7a.

[0030] The arched rafter trusses (6, 7) can be manufactured from hydraulically bent glulam beams with a typical lamella thickness of 10 mm (10). It is also possible to hot-bend hollow metal profiles (11) (usually square tubes). Angled rafter trusses (8, 9) can be manufactured from welded metal profiles. For large-scale industrial production, material and manufacturing costs can be optimized by using truss girders. These truss girders (12, 13) consist of compression (12a, 13a) and tension rods (12b, 13b) connected by metal or plastic nodes (12c). The nodes can also consist of two hardwood or plastic multilayer panels (13c) connected by pins to anchor the compression and tension rods.

[0031] The PV panels, in standard, economical panel sizes, can be installed on a waterproof roof covering applied to roof-wall sheathing using standard mounting systems. However, it is also possible to use PV panels (14) consisting of tempered safety glass (ESG) with a PV interlayer and a lower laminated safety glass (VSG) glazing layer, forming the roof or wall coverings. Standard profile systems for puttyless roof glazing (15) are used to support the PV panels in this case (see Figure 14). Fig. 14 ).

[0032] The direct current (DC) generated by the PV panels is initially stored in DC batteries, according to one application example. This electricity can then be fed directly into an electric vehicle as alternating current (AC) via inverters and standard charging stations, or used in the connected home or as part of an energy partnership within a renewable energy community (EEG).

[0033] The amount of electricity generated by PV carports can cover at least a significant portion of an electric car's electricity needs. Typically, more electricity is generated than the electric car requires for its operation. Modern electric cars have batteries that allow bidirectional charging. This enables the use of battery power in the connected home (V2H - Vehicle-to-Home). With appropriate cooperation with the electricity supply companies (EVUs), it is also possible to feed electricity from the electric car battery into the EVU's grid during peak demand in exchange for compensation (V2G - Vehicle-to-Grid). If, in the future, suitable swappable batteries for electric cars become available on the market (all Chinese electric cars are equipped with them), it will also be possible to easily exchange these fully charged swappable batteries for depleted ones.

[0034] Overall, the "PV carport" system described in the invention addresses key issues related to e-mobility and the generation of renewable electricity outside of existing power grids, thereby relieving the burden on centralized power generation and supply systems. The dual benefit of the "PV carport" according to the invention simultaneously protects the parked electric vehicle from rain, snow, hail, and sunlight, while also providing free energy for the vehicle's operation. With appropriate distribution systems and the advantages of industrial manufacturing, a short-term return on investment can be expected, especially if CO2 pricing is implemented in the future.

Claims

1. A carport (4) comprising a roof surface (4a) and at least one side wall (4b), wherein the roof surface is carried on at least one side by the side wall, wherein the roof surface and the side wall are formed by elements supported on at least two beams, wherein the roof surface is supported on the ground at at least one further location spaced apart from the side wall, in particular opposite to it, by at least one support (4c), wherein both the roof surface (4a) and an outer surface of the side wall (4b) are at least partially configured for power generation by means of photovoltaics (5), characterized in that the support (4c) is a pendulum support and the beams are supported on the ground at one end and are articulatedly connected to the ground.

2. The carport according to claim 1, characterized in that the roof surface (4a) and the outer surface of the side wall (4b) each comprise at least one photovoltaic element, wherein the photovoltaic elements are oriented in at least two different directions.

3. The carport according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the usable area for power generation, for example the entire effective area of the photovoltaic elements (4a and 4b), is larger than the base area (4d) of the carport (4).

4. The carport according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the roof surface and the side wall are part of a cantilever structure, in particular articulatedly supported.

5. The carport according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a part of the roof surface, in particular at most half of the roof surface, simultaneously forms a part of the outer surface of the side wall.

6. The carport according to claim 5, characterized in that that part of the roof surface which simultaneously is part of the outer surface of the side wall is at least partially configured for power generation by means of photovoltaics, wherein preferably at least one photovoltaic element is arranged at least in this part.

7. The carport according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the roof surface and the side wall are formed by elements supported on three or more beams.

8. The carport according to claim 7, characterized in that the beams are arched or bent, in particular arched or bent rafter trusses.

9. The carport according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least one, preferably each, beam is assigned a separate support, which supports a free end of the beam on the ground.

10. The carport according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a free end of at least one beam is supported on the ground via a frame, wherein the frame is formed by a crossbeam and two supports.

11. The carport according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the beams are made of wood or steel, in particular glued laminated timber beams (10) or hot-bent or welded shaped tubes (11) or profiles made of metal.

12. The carport according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that crossed tension bands and compression struts for transverse stiffening are arranged between the beams.

13. The carport according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the beams made of wood or metal are produced as truss girders (12, 13), which consist of compression rods (12a, 13a) and tension rods (12b, 13b) and nodes (12c), wherein the nodes connecting the truss rods are made of metal or plastic and at the same time form the support points for PV elements.

14. The carport according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the beams made of wood or metal are produced as truss girders (12, 13), which consist of compression rods (12a, 13a) and tension rods (12b, 13b) and nodes (13c), wherein the nodes each consist of two hardwood or plastic multilayer boards, which are connected with pins and anchor the compression rods and tension rods.