Distributed surveillance system and waste management system and procedures

Description

Field of the Invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a distributed monitoring system based around rubbish bins and management of the collection of rubbish from rubbish bins.Background

[0002] In areas of higher density population, such as residential / office, retail and entertainment precincts, municipal organisations, such as local governments provide public rubbish bins for disposal of rubbish. Rubbish bins are also known as litter bins, trash cans and garbage cans. Traditionally these bins are fixed in location and emptied on a regular basis which depends on the extent of use of the bins in an overall sense. Typically this is weekly or daily. However each bin in an area will be used in differing amounts depending on the location of the bin within the collection area, special events and other factors. Aside from one-off collections during or after a special event at a specific location, the timing of collection from the bins, generally, does not vary. As a result the frequency of collection is usually sub-optimum and the frequency does not account for the waste level in each individual bin. This can result in bins that are not full being emptied unnecessarily and bins overfilling. In turn this results in poor use of the bins, the creation of litter and inefficient management of waste collection from the bins.

[0003] It is noted that rubbish is also known as trash, waste, refuse, litter, and garbage.

[0004] KR 101 155 425 B1 discloses a waste collection device that is part of a waste disposal control system. WO 2012 / 015664 A1 relates to an electrically-powered programmable waste enclosure.

[0005] The present invention seeks to provide more effective waste collection.

[0006] The present invention seeks to provide distributed monitoring system.Summary of the Present Invention

[0007] The invention is defined in the independent claims. Dependent claims describe preferred embodiments.

[0008] According to the present invention there is provided a rubbish receiving bin installation having the features of claim 1. Embodiments of this rubbish receiving bin installation are described in dependent claims 2 to 10. Claim 11 relates to a system comprising a plurality of such installations, with embodiments thereof described in dependent claims 12 and 13. Claim 14 describes a method of waste collection, along with dependent claims 15 and 16.

[0009] In this specification the terms "comprising" or "comprises" are used inclusively and not exclusively or exhaustively.

[0010] Any references to documents that are made in this specification are not intended to be an admission that the information contained in those documents form part of the common general knowledge known to a person skilled in the field of the invention, unless explicitly stated as such.Description of Drawings

[0011] In order to provide a better understanding of the present invention, preferred embodiments will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an area in which there are a plurality of bins; Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a side cross section of a bin and surround according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a rubbish level detector according to the present invention; Figure 4 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method of reading a rubbish level in a bin according to the present invention; Figure 5 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method of reading a rubbish level in a bin according to the present invention; Figure 6 is a block diagram of a waste management system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 is a block diagram of a management system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 is a block diagram of a waste management system according to an embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 9 is a block diagram of a waste management system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Description of Embodiment of the Invention

[0012] Referring to Figure 1, there is shown an area 10 in which there are a plurality of rubbish bins (12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E and 12F). Bins 12A and 12E are indicated as being empty (no shading). Bins 12B and 12F are indicated as being half full (horizontal shading) and bins 12C and 12D are indicated as being full (vertical shading).

[0013] In prior rubbish collection systems, at the end of a period of time a rubbish collector would collect the rubbish from all of these bins.

[0014] In the present invention bins 12C and 12D would be emptied, bins 12A and 12E would not be emptied and the remaining bins 12 B and 12F may be emptied according to a set of criteria. For example a driver of a rubbish collection truck may be directed to take a path from bin 12C to bin 12B, travel past bin 12E to bin 12D. On this route bins 12C and 12D would be emptied, 12B could be emptied as the truck is travelling past, but the truck would not stop at 12E.

[0015] Alternatively the driver may go past all the bins, but the invention indicates the level to the driver and s / he can avoid stopping at empty bins 12A and 12E, could stop to empty half full bins 12D and 12F and would stop to empty full bins 12C and 12D.

[0016] This is able to be achieved by the driver receiving an indication of which bins to collect rubbish from. Each bin is installed with a detector for monitoring the bin and / or a quality of the environment in which the bin is located. In this embodiment the detector 40 comprises a rubbish level detector. In an embodiment each detector 40 is able to communicate the level of rubbish in each bin (12A-12F) to a monitoring system, which in this embodiment has a management system 16 for coordinating the collection of rubbish from the bins or for indicating to the waste collector 185 which bins to collect rubbish from.

[0017] Referring to Figures 2 and 3 a rubbish level detector 40 is schematically shown and comprises a sensor 26 positioned at the top of the bin cover 24 or bin surround 22. In this embodiment the sensor 26 is able to sense the level of rubbish 32 in a bin 20. The bin cover 24 is mounted to the bin surround 22. A bin surround 22 is used as it makes a more pleasant view than the bin 20 inside. In an embodiment the sensor 26 emits a beam 28 that reflects off the rubbish. The sensor 26 generates a signal representing the distance from the sensor 26 to the rubbish level in the bin based on the travel time of the beam and its refection. In one embodiment the beam is an ultrasonic beam. In another embodiment the beam is a light beam.

[0018] As an alternative other types of sensor 26 could be used. For example the sensor could be configured to determine the weight of rubbish in the bin and an inference of the amount of rubbish in the bin determined according to its weight. Further there may be more than one sensor as will be described further below, including a sensor for measuring an environmental condition in the vicinity of the bin.

[0019] A processor 42 (housed in housing 30) receives a signal from the sensor(s) 26 and in this embodiment determines the level of rubbish 32 in the bin based on the received signal as one or more discrete representations of the level of rubbish 32 in the bin. For example the discrete representation could be a binary the bin is "empty" or "full" ("full" might mean near full as opposed to literally so as to avoid rubbish spilling over and "empty" is not full) or trinary indication such as "empty", "half-full" and "full". Other discrete levels can also be used, such as a level out of 10.

[0020] The processor 42 also determines environmental factors about the bin or its environment from the one or more other sensors.

[0021] The processor 42 controls an output for indicating the level of rubbish 32 in the bin and environmental factors. In this embodiment the output is a transmitter 50 in housing 30 which transmits data representing the level from an antenna 34 as a radio transmission 36. The radio transmission may be for example by WIFI, cellular network, "ZigBee" network, or otherwise. Alternatively the transmitter 50 may make a wired transmission. The housing 30 may be located on a top of the bin cover 24 or be raised above the cover by a pole.

[0022] In an embodiment the processor 42 is configured to determine whether the level of rubbish in a bin has reached a predetermined level. In an embodiment the processor 42 is configured to determine whether the level of rubbish in a bin has reached a plurality of predetermined levels. In an embodiment the processor 42 is configured to determine whether a door to the surround 22 of the bin is open. In an embodiment the processor 42 is configured to determine whether a near field device, such as an NFID transmitter is proximate to the bin.

[0023] In an embodiment the processor 42 is configured by a set of instructions stored on a storage device, the instructions controlling the processor 42 to operate as described herein.

[0024] The processor 42 receives a clock signal input from a clock 44. The processor 42 is able to store and retrieve information from memory 46. In one embodiment the clock 44 is used to determine the passage of a predetermined amount of time, such as hourly, to take a sensor measurement of the level of rubbish in the bin and of the environmental factors. These measurements can be stored in the memory 46. In an embodiment the clock 44 is also used to determine the passage of a second predetermined amount of time, such as 6 hours, after which the stored measurements are transmitted. The processor 42 interfaces with the sensor 26 and the transmitter 50 via an I / O interface 48. The elements of the detector 40 are shown coupled by a system bus or other mechanism.

[0025] In an embodiment the transmission used Internet Protocol packets, but other protocols may be used.

[0026] In an embodiment the processor is configured to cause the transmitter to transmit the level signal and / or environmental factors when the level of rubbish in the bin reaches predetermined level or when one or more of the environmental factors meets one or more conditions, such as for example the bin is being moved, the bin is on or near fire or pollution levels are above a certain level.

[0027] In an embodiment the processor is configured to receive a poll signal prompting the processor 42 to receive the sensor signal and to cause the transmitter to transmit the level signal.

[0028] In an embodiment the transmitter is configured to transmit an identifier of the bin with the level signal. Generally each bin will be allocated a number and this can be used as the identifier. Alternatively a GPS reading may be used.

[0029] In an alternative or in addition to transmitting the rubbish level the level may be output to a visual indicator mounted on the bin, such as a display or one or more lights.

[0030] The detector 40 may comprise other detectors, such as a pollution detectors, a temperature sensor (such as DHT22 or BMP085)), a UV sensor (such as UVI-01), a noise level sensor (such as a microphone), a humidity sensor (such as DHT22), an air pressure sensor (such as BMP085), a light sensor (such as an LDR with an ADC such as MCP3008), a particle sensor, a "door open" detector or a near field identification detector. Each of these detectors comprises another sensor 226 of the appropriate type which generates a signal representing the type of thing detected which is received and processed by the processor 42. The processor 42 may also transmit the signal or may only transmit a signal when certain criteria are met. These example detectors will be described in more detail further below. Pollution detectors may include gas and or particle sensors, such as carbon monoxide (such as MiCS-5525), carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide (such as MiCS-2710), ozone, sulphur dioxide measuring devices.

[0031] Referring to Figure 4 there is shown a method 100 of reading a rubbish level in a bin according to an embodiment of the present invention. This method is repeated every period for reading the rubbish level. This may be for example every 15 min. Sensor 26 is read at 102. The processor 42 performs a check of whether rubbish is detected at 104. If the distance to the level of the rubbish is less than a first predetermined amount, for example 1 / 3 of the height of the bin, then it registers as not detected, that is, "empty" (which differs from literally empty). If the reading is "empty" the process end. For housekeeping purposes the empty reading may be recorded in the memory 46.

[0032] Then if more than the first predetermined amount is detected, for example ¼ of the height of the bin, but less than a second predetermined amount, for example 2 / 3 of the height of the bin, then it registers as "half-full" as indicated by 106 and this reading is recorded in the memory 46.

[0033] If more than the second predetermined amount is detected, for example more than 2 / 3 of the height of the bin, then it registers as "full" as indicated by 108 and this reading is recorded in the memory 46.

[0034] In an embodiment until the next time the bin is emptied the first time the level gets to "half-full" and "full" the level and bin identifier (and in some cases a time stamp) are collected at 110 and transmitted at 112 to a receiver 162 of a waste management system 16 or to a device such as a device worn by the waste collection worker or mounted to a waste collection vehicle 185.

[0035] Referring to Figure 5 there is a method 120 of collecting information on bin levels, which commences with the sensor 26 taking a reading at step 122 and then checking 124 whether rubbish has be detected. If it has not been detected the process returns for another check after a suitable period of time. A similar process can be used by other types of detector.

[0036] If rubbish has been detected the amount is recorded. In this embodiment the level is not categorised and the measured level is sent. The transmitter 28 preferably wirelessly establishes communication with a wireless communications network at 126 and sends the information to the management system 16 at a variable time, such as daily or twice daily, as indicated by 128. The information transmitted to the management system 16 at 130 included the level indication and a location or bin identifier, such as GPS co-ordinates, or a bin identification number. The management system 16 may categorise the level (eg empty, half-full or full) or retain the level as a measurement.

[0037] Referring to Figure 6 a system 150 is shown comprising the sensor 26, other sensor(s) 226 and other components of the detector(s) 40 in the bin surround 22 communicating via a matrix series link 154 with the management system 16 and with a personal device 152, which as a hand held device, heads up display unit or smart watch. Communication with the personal device 152 is in this embodiment established via local transmission, say within 50m. The matrix series link 154 comprises a network of devices, such as other detectors on other bins, which are for example configured as a ZigBee network, which pass on the information from an individual bin through the network to a node, and which in turn communicates with the management system 16.

[0038] Referring to Figure 7, in an embodiment there is a monitoring system, configured as a waste management system 16, comprising a system receiver 162 for receiving a signal from the detectors of the bins. In this embodiment the signals represent the level of rubbish in each bin (12A-12F) along with the identifier of the respective bin. The system 16 further comprises a system processor 160 for processing the signals. In this embodiment, processing the signals is for determining which bins have reached a predetermined level of rubbish, such as "half-full" or "full", from the received level signals and bin identifiers. In an other embodiment processing the signals is to determine if an environmental condition is met. With this information the processor 160 can follow a set of rules or be manually controlled to coordinate the collection of rubbish form the bins and / or indicate to the waste collector which bins to collect rubbish from or which bins may require maintenance. For example if a bin that is meant to be stationary is moved then this may trigger an alert. Alternatively if environmental conditions indicate that the bin may be on fire (such as a high temperature reading or detection of combustion gases above normal background levels), then this may trigger an alert.

[0039] The system 16 also has a memory 166 for storing the received information for the bins and a transmitter 164 for transmission of collection information and / or bin levels to a waste collector 185 via a communications medium 168, such as the Internet.

[0040] The processor 160 may also be configured to transmit via transmitter a polling signal to the detectors 40 to receive on command signals from the detectors.

[0041] Referring to Figure 8 there is shown a system 180 comprising the sensor 26 and other components of the detection 40 in the bin surround 22 communicating via a matrix series link 184 with the management system 16. In this case the management system communicates with the personal device 182, such as a hand held device, a an electronic rear view mirror (RVM) display unit, heads up display unit 186 and / or smart watch 188. This communication may be for example via a cellular data network. One or more of the devices 182, 186 and 188 will typically be used in a rubbish truck / garbage truck 185 to inform the driver of whether a bin needs to be emptied on a set route, or to indicate a route required to be taken to attend to those bins in need of emptying and bypassing those bins that don't.

[0042] Referring to Figure 9 there is shown an alternative system 180' to the system 180, in which each bin is treated as a single node and it communicates directly with the management system 16. Alternatively another device may act as a node for many detectors 40.

[0043] Using these systems there can be a method of reading a rubbish level in a bin determining a distance of rubbish in a bin 20 from a sensor 26; determining the level of rubbish 30 in the bin 20 based on the distance as one or more discrete representations of the level of rubbish in the bin; outputting the level of rubbish in the bin and an identifier of the bin using a transmitter 28 or a device 152, or otherwise.

[0044] Using these systems there can be a method of scheduling waste collection from a plurality of bins comprising receiving a signal 36 representing a rubbish level and an identifier of the bin from each bin; determining which bins (12C and 12D) have reached a predetermined level of rubbish therein from the received level signals and bin identifiers; and scheduling waste collection for those bins that have reached the predetermined level.

[0045] Using these systems there can be a method of creating a waste collection route comprising receiving a signal 36 representing a rubbish level and an identifier of the bin from each bin; determining which bins (12C and 12D) have reached a predetermined level of rubbish therein from the received level signals and bin identifiers; determining the location of those bins that have reached the predetermined level; and determining a waste collection route (via bins 12C, 12B and then to 12D) to collect rubbish from those bins that have reached the predetermined level.

[0046] Using these systems there can be a method of a waste collection comprising receiving a signal 36 representing a rubbish level and an identifier of the bin from each bin; determining which bins (12C and 12D) have reached a predetermined level of rubbish therein from the received level signals and bin identifiers; determining the location of those bins that have reached the predetermined level; determining the position of a waste collector 185 and whether a bin that has reached the predetermined level is proximate to the waste collector; and indicating to the waste collector whether the proximate bin is to be emptied based on whether the proximate bin has reached the predetermined level.

[0047] Using these systems there can be a method of a waste collection comprising receiving a signal 36 representing a rubbish level and an identifier of the bin from each bin; determining the position of a waste collector and whether a bin that is proximate to the waste collector 185 has reached the predetermined level based on the received level signals and bin identifiers; and indicating to the waste collector whether the proximate bin is to be emptied based on whether the proximate bin has reached the predetermined level.

[0048] In an embodiment the step of indicating to the waste collector comprises transmitting information to the waste collector for display on a personal device 182, 186 or 188.

[0049] In an embodiment the step of indicating to the waste collector comprises transmitting information to the waste collector for display as an augmented reality on a display device, such as goggles or a heads up display device. In an embodiment the augmented reality display indicates the level of rubbish in the bin or whether the bin is to be emptied or not.

[0050] The augmented reality may be provided using an augmented reality browser on a mobile device, such as LAYAR.

[0051] In an embodiment the hand-held, wearable or dashboard mounted communication device on collector 185 may initiate communications with management system 16 over the communications link to query information including the height of waste within the bin surround. If the processor does not receive a signal the process repeats as determined by the settings of the processor. If the processor does receive a signal indicating query from a device the bin surround device communicates this information.

[0052] In an embodiment the management system 16 may initiate communications to the detector 40 over the communications link to query information including the height of waste within the bin surround. If the management system 16 does not receive a response it may repeat the request as determined by the settings. If the detector 40 does receive a signal indicating query from the management system 16 the detector may initiate communication.

[0053] In an embodiment where the detector comprises a pollution detector, one of the other sensors 226 of each bin is a pollution sensor for sensing one or more pollutants in the atmosphere in the vicinity of the respective bin surround.

[0054] The pollution sensor may comprise a carbon dioxide sensor, a nitrogen dioxide sensor, an airbourne particle sensor, a radiation sensor, a methane sensor, a poison sensor, a pollen sensor, a noise level sensor and / or a carbon monoxide sensor. These are intended to be examples only.

[0055] In an embodiment the pollution detector is configured to periodically transmit the air pollution levels to the processor.

[0056] In an embodiment the system processor 160 is configured to indicate to display on the electronic map as a "hotpsot" when pollution is detected above predetermined levels. The collected data relating to the environment of each bin may be combined into a map of the environmental conditions over an area.

[0057] In some instances the pollution detection may be tied to the waste management system as it may indicate a bin has overflowed, the contents of the bin is rotting, someone has dumped a pollutant in the bin instead of normal rubbish, that rubbish must be collected from this site as a priority or a certain time or that decontamination treatment of the bin may be required.

[0058] The "door open" detector may comprise a "door open" sensor, which may be in the form of a reed switch, for sensing when the bin cover is open.

[0059] In an embodiment the door detector is configured to periodically transmit the status of the door (open / shut) to the system processor 160.

[0060] In an embodiment the system processor determine if the door should be open or have stayed open for too long, and in which case may display an indicia of such on the electronic map on a display device such as an electronic rear view mirror and / or hand-held device and / or on the management system.

[0061] If the bin cover is left open after rubbish collection or is opened by someone else the bin will need attendance to close the cover so as to ensure protection of electronics & for suburban aesthetics.

[0062] In an embodiment the near field identification detector comprises a sensor for reading a near field identifier (NFI) is proximate to the bin. A NFI is for example a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag that may be positioned in a waste collector's hand held device. Detection of the NFI will indicate attendance by the waste collector. Cessation of detecting the NFI will indicate departure of the waste collector. The time of attendance can be determined by the difference in the times between first detection and the time of cessation of detection.

[0063] In an embodiment the processor may be configured to transmit the attendance to the bin by the waste collector. In an embodiment the processor may be configured to transmit departure by the waste collector.

[0064] The NFC may also be held by maintenance personal which will indicate to the management system that a warning has been attended to or a scheduled maintenance has been performed. As an alternative to or in addition, other wireless technologies may be used to communicate with the waste collector or maintenance personnel, such as Bluetooth Low Energy.

[0065] Bins are usually relatively evenly distributed in urban areas which enabled them to be a convenient station for monitoring. The detector can be configured with a modular sensor pack that can have the required sensor installed according to the monitoring requirements.

[0066] Modifications may be made to the present invention within the context of that described and shown in the drawings. Such modifications are intended to form part of the invention described in this specification.

Claims

1. A rubbish receiving bin installation (12A-F) comprising: a bin (20) for receiving rubbish therein: a bin surround (22) for housing the bin inside of the surround, the surround comprising an opening for allowing rubbish to pass through the opening into the bin inside of the surround, a first sensor (26) positioned inside of the surround so as to sense the level of rubbish in the bin and for creating a first signal representing the sensed rubbish level in the bin; a second sensor (226) positioned outwardly of the surround and for creating a second signal; a first processor (42) configured to receive the first signal and determine the level of rubbish in the bin based on the received first signal; a second processor (160) configured to receive the second signal: an output for indicating the level of rubbish (32) in the bin: whereby the output comprises a transmitter (28) for transmitting a level signal (36) representing the level of rubbish in the bin, characterized in that the first processor (42) is configured to determine the level of rubbish in the bin based on the first signal (36) as one of at least three representations, at least two of which are discrete representations of the level of rubbish in the bin and another of which is a representation of no rubbish in the bin; the second sensor (226) is configured to sense a plurality of aspects of the local environment surrounding the bin surround, the plurality of aspects comprising one or more of: a plurality of different types of air pollution external to the bin surround, the amount of ultraviolet radiation external to the bin surround, and an identifier device of a waste collector when the identifier device is proximate to the bin installation; wherein the second signal represents the plurality of aspects of the local environment surrounding the bin surround; wherein the second processor is configured to determine a plurality of local environment factors based on the second signal; wherein the output and transmitter are also suitable for indicating the determined local environmental factors.

2. A rubbish receiving bin installation according to claim 1, wherein the signal represents a pollution level in the local environment surrounding the bin surround.

3. A rubbish receiving bin installation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second signal represents a UV radiation level in the local environment surrounding the bin surround.

4. A rubbish receiving bin installation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second signal indicates the presence or absence of the waster collector being proximate to the installation, wherein the transmitter transmits attendance of the waste collector at the installation.

5. A rubbish receiving bin installation according to any one of claims 1, 3, or 4, wherein the installation further comprises a plurality of pollution sensors arranged to measure a plurality of forms of air pollution external to the bin surround, and the processor is also configured to receive a signal from the pollution sensors indicating a pollution levels as elements of the environmental factors, and the processor is further configured to periodically transmit the pollution level signal, and / or to transmit the pollution level signal upon command.

6. A rubbish receiving bin installation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the installation further comprises a "door open" sensor for sensing when a cover or door of the bin surround is open, and the processor is also configured to receive a signal from the "door open" sensor, and the processor is further configured to monitor for the door open sensor to activate and / or to deactivate, and if a condition in relation to the door sensor is met to transmit a door open signal.

7. A rubbish receiving bin installation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the installation further comprises a near field identification sensor for sensing when a near field identifier is external to and proximate to the bin surround, and the processor is also configured to receive a signal from the near field identification sensor indicating whether a near field identifier is proximate to the exterior of the bin surround as one or more elements of the environmental factors, and the processor is further configured to periodically transmit an identification signal, or if a condition in relation to the near field identifier being proximate to the bin is met to transmit an identification signal and / or to transmit the identification signal upon command.

8. A rubbish receiving bin installation according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the output is configured to provide a local visual indicator representing the determined local environmental factors.

9. A rubbish receiving bin installation according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the output is configured to provide a local visual indicator representing the level of rubbish in the bin.

10. A rubbish receiving bin installation according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the plurality of forms of the local environment surrounding the bin surround comprise at least two of: airborne particles, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and sulphur dioxide.

11. A system comprising a plurality of rubbish receiving bin installations according to any one of claims 1 to 10 spaced apart over an area, further comprising: a receiver for receiving the output indicating the level of rubbish in each rubbish receiving bin and the determined local environmental factors surrounding of each rubbish receiving bin installation; a processor for mapping environmental conditions and / or rubbish levels over the area in which the plurality of rubbish receiving bin installations are located.

12. A system according to claim 11, wherein the processor is configured to map levels of each type of pollution detected by each of the bin surrounds.

13. A system according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the processor is configured to map areas of pollution intensity.

14. A method of waste collection from or maintenance of a plurality of bins comprising: receiving a signal representing a rubbish level, and an identifier of the bin from each bin; determining which bins have reached a predetermined level of rubbish therein from the received level signals and bin identifiers; characterised in that the method further comprises receiving a signal representing a plurality of local environmental factors surrounding the bin, wherein the plurality of local environmental factors comprise one or more of: a plurality of different types of air pollution external to the bin surround, the amount of ultraviolet radiation external to the bin surround, and an identifier device of the waste collector when the identifier device is proximate to the bin installation; determining which bins require maintenance from the received local environmental factors signals and bin identifiers; determining the position of a waste collector; determining whether the waste collector is proximate to one of the bins; when the waste collector is proximate to one of the bins, indicating to the waste collector that the proximate bin is to be emptied for those bins that have reached the predetermined level and indicating to the waste collector that the proximate bin requires maintenance for those bins that have local environmental factors indicative of the need for maintenance; and indicating to the waste collector that the proximate bin does not need to be emptied and / or does not require maintenance.

15. A method according to claim 14, wherein the environmental factors signal comprises a signal representing that a door to a surround of the bin is open when the door should not be open.

16. A method according to claim 14, wherein the environmental factor signal comprises a signal representing a fire in the local vicinity of the bin.