ELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR ANALYSIS OF AN ANALYTE IN A LIQUID WITH A SENSOR AND METHOD FOR EXCHANGING THE SENSOR

Description

Domaine technique

[0001] The field of the invention is that of physical measurement and analysis techniques, in particular electronic physical measurement and analysis techniques. The present invention relates more particularly to an electronic device for analyzing an analyte present in a fluid, the electronic analysis device comprising a sensor. The present invention also relates to a method for replacing the sensor. Technique antérieure

[0002] Electronic analysis devices exist that can detect the presence of an analyte in a fluid, such as a gas or liquid, identify it, and potentially measure its concentration. The analyte can be a combination of target compounds, for example, a mixture of VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) that can produce an odor. This is why these devices are sometimes classified as electronic noses or electronic tongues, depending on whether they operate on gases or liquids.

[0003] The detection principle in these devices can be based on interactions between receptors integrated into a sensor and the analyte. These interactions rely on physicochemical affinity properties between the receptors and the analyte, and in particular between the receptors and the analyte's target compounds. These interactions lead to a change in one or more local properties, indicating the presence of the analyte, or even the amount of analyte present.

[0004] Receptors can be chosen from various compounds or materials suitable for acting as a temporary ligand for target compounds. Examples include, but are not limited to: specific molecules, peptides, polymers, biomarkers, nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes. The binding forces involved are generally weak (Van der Waals type).

[0005] A transducer is typically used to convert this change in local property into a multidimensional electronic signal that represents this change. For each receiver, an electronic signal is generated. The set of these electronic signals constitutes the multidimensional electronic signal. Through the processing and analysis of this multidimensional electronic signal, it is then possible to perform a qualitative, or even quantitative, determination of the analyte present in the analyzed fluid.

[0006] Some electronic analysis devices can detect changes in local properties using light interference. The electronic analysis device then comprises a sensor with a photonic chip and a light guide, a transducer with a coherent light source to emit a coherent light beam into the light guide, and an optical detector to measure at least one optical parameter of the light beam at the output of the light guide.

[0007] The light guide is shaped to allow the formation of light interference, and the receptors are integrated within the light guide. The change in local properties generated by the interaction between the analyte and the receptors in the light guide creates light interference. This light interference therefore depends on the interactions between the analyte and the receptors, and is thus specific to the analyte being analyzed.

[0008] The light interference created alters the optical parameter measured by the optical detector. Thus, from the optical parameter measured by the optical detector, the transducer can generate an electronic signal expressing the change in local property, and therefore revealing the analyte.

[0009] For the optical detector to accurately measure the optical parameter of the light beam, the light source and the light guide must be aligned. This alignment ensures that sufficient light enters the light guide for the optical detector to detect the optical parameter of the beam at the light guide's output. This alignment allows the electronic signal generated by the transducer to reflect the change in local properties, thus enabling the transducer to detect the presence of the analyte. Alignment between the light source and the light guide is therefore essential for the qualitative, and even quantitative, determination of the analyte present in the analyzed fluid.

[0010] However, the receptors used to interact with the analyte are temporary, meaning they have a shorter lifespan than other components of the device. Indeed, the interaction between the receptors and the analyte can lead to receptor saturation. When the receptors are saturated, they can no longer interact correctly with the analyte in the fluid. The sensor incorporating the receptors must then be replaced.

[0011] Receptors can also be specific to a particular type of analyte being detected. Indeed, receptors may exhibit a specific affinity for a given analyte. Therefore, if a change in the type of analyte being detected is desired, it may become necessary to replace the sensor with another sensor whose receptors are adapted to detecting the new type of analyte.

[0012] It is therefore understandable that in order to limit costs, it is preferable to be able to replace the sensor in the device rather than having to change the entire device when the temporary receivers no longer work or when it is desired to detect another analyte.

[0013] When replacing the sensor, care must be taken to ensure that the light guide of the new sensor is aligned with the device's light source. For the user performing the sensor replacement, ensuring proper alignment of the light source and the light guide input is a time-consuming and tedious process.

[0014] US20120214707A1 is a patent application that discloses a method and measurement system for detecting an analyte in a SAM fluid sample (vapor, gas §

[0002] ). This system includes an interferometric sensor in which the light beam from a laser scanning optics (LSO) is coupled to an optical waveguide (WGS) structure. The WGS structure consists of three layers: the substrate (SUB), the core layer (COR), and the cover layer (COV) (Figures 1A & 1B). The (bio)sensor device includes a portable measurement system (POD) and a Lab-On-Chip (LOC) system. The LOC includes an INL input, a fluid supply (FCV microfluidic cuvette), an SRG detection section comprising measurement (pre-coated with REC receivers) and reference regions, and an OTL output to vent fluid or vent air or other gas following sample feeding into the detection section.The system is interchangeable. The fluidic connection to the LOC system can be arranged to allow for rapid interchangeability; for example, it can be configured as a modular unit that can be quickly positioned when the LOC system is inserted into the POD system. This configuration may be preferred in combination with a self-alignment method to enable faster and better coupling of the light beam (laser) to the optical waveguide chip after the LOC system is inserted into the POD system. Furthermore, the REC receptor layers used to pre-coat the chip can be better preserved in such an integrated and closed system. Such a closed system can protect receptors, such as antibodies, from (rapid) degradation and can also prevent contamination of the detection regions / windows after the pre-coating process and before the application of analyte samples.This closed system for protecting REC receivers is made up of the POD. A detector, for example a CCD camera, which is included in the POD (and not on the POD) allows the optical measurement signals from the interferometric sensor to be read.

[0015] EP2327955A1 describes an optical detection system for high-sensitivity, label-free biological assays comprising an optical measurement system (100) and a fluid receiving element (200) containing multiple analytes, said element comprising a plurality of biosensitive cells (201). The optical measurement system (100) includes at least one excitation source (101), an optical head (103, 103a, 103b) arranged to analyze each of said biosensitive cells and the analytes they contain, and optical means for detecting (102) a signal from the optical head (103, 103a, 103b).Each biosensitive cell comprises: a substrate (55), a plurality of resonant cavities (53), each cavity being defined by one of said micropillars whose base rests on the substrate such that the space between the micropillars accommodates the fluid to be analyzed, a plurality of Bragg reflectors, at least two per resonant cavity (53), located respectively at each end of the micropillar, and a plurality of molecular receptors (54) fixed on the lateral surfaces of the micropillars so as to be in contact with the fluid. This label-free bio-detection system aims to be competitive in terms of industrial commercialization, sensitivity, measurement rate, robustness and cost, by combining several detection methods (“ . by combining the interferometric and resonant advantages of novel photonic structures with optical interrogation techniques such as spectrometry, ellipsometry as well [ ... ] interrogation process », paragraph

[0001] ), including in particular vertical optical interrogation techniques.

[0016] One aim of the invention is therefore to provide a compact and integrated electronic analysis device, in which the sensor is consumable and interchangeable, and in which the alignment between the light source and the input of the light guide is not left to the user who performs the replacement of the sensor.

[0017] Another objective of the invention is to provide a compact and integrated electronic analysis device, which minimizes, or even prevents, an erroneous qualitative or quantitative determination of an analyte present in an analyzed fluid.

[0018] Another object of the invention is to provide a compact and integrated electronic analysis device, in which the detection by the detector of a change in local property generated by the interaction between the receptors and the analyte is guaranteed, so that the electronic signal generated by the transducer corresponds to the effective interaction between the receptors and the analyte.

[0019] Another objective of the invention is to ensure that the optical parameter of the light beam measured by the optical detector can reveal the change in local property. Résumé

[0020] The present invention aims to address the need mentioned above.

[0021] To this end, the invention, according to a first aspect, provides an electronic device for analyzing an analyte present in a fluid, characterized in that it comprises: a consumable and interchangeable sensor comprising i) a photonic chip including at least one measurement chamber having a light guide in which are arranged temporary receptors capable of interacting with the analyte present in the fluid, the interaction causing a change in local property, the light guide having a light inlet and a light outlet and ii) a hood attached to the photonic chip and including an opening adapted to admit the fluid into the measurement chamber and to evacuate the fluid from the measurement chamber; a sensor holder having a housing in which the sensor is intended to be reversibly installed; a closure element cooperating with the sensor holder to encapsulate the sensor;a transducer for local property change caused by the interaction between the receptors and the analyte, capable of converting the local property change into an electronic signal expressing the local property change, this transducer comprising: a coherent light source, on the one hand, capable of emitting a coherent light beam in the light guide of the photonic chip, and, on the other hand, positioned on the sensor cover or on the closing element; an optical detector arranged opposite the light output of the light guide and capable of measuring an optical parameter of the light beam dependent on the local property change, at the output of the light guide.

[0022] The sensor is a consumable and reversibly installed. Therefore, the sensor can be changed without having to change all the other components of the device.

[0023] Furthermore, thanks to the positioning of the light source on the sensor cover or on the closing element, the user performing the sensor replacement does not need to worry about aligning the light source with the light guide input when replacing the sensor.

[0024] Indeed, when the light source is positioned on the sensor cover, during sensor replacement, the light source is removed with the sensor, and a new light source, positioned on the cover of the new sensor, is then inserted into the device when the new sensor is integrated into the sensor holder housing. Thus, the alignment between the light source and the light guide's light inlet is the responsibility of the sensor manufacturer, who positions the light source on the cover.

[0025] Consequently, according to a first embodiment of the invention in which the light source is positioned on the hood of the sensor, the alignment between the light source and the light inlet of the light guide is achieved during the manufacture of the device according to the invention.

[0026] Furthermore, according to a second embodiment of the invention in which the light source is positioned on the closure element, the alignment between the light source and the inlet of the light guide is achieved by placing the sensor in the housing of the support and by the cooperation between the closure element and the support during the encapsulation of the sensor. Thus, when the sensor is replaced, the light source remains on the closure element, and the alignment between the light source and the light inlet of the light guide is ensured by the manufacturer's design of the closure element's referencing with respect to the sensor support.

[0027] According to one variant, the light guide comprises at least one arm having a reference arm in which a part of the light beam emitted by the light source is intended to be guided by total internal reflection, and a measuring arm in which another part of the light beam emitted by the light source is intended to be guided by total internal reflection and in which the receivers are disposed, the reference arm and the measuring arm being recombined into an interference arm in which a resulting light beam from the recombination of the part of the light beam guided in the reference arm and the other part of the light beam guided in the measuring arm is intended to be guided, and the luminous power of the resulting light beam guided in the interference arm is greater than or equal to 0.2 µW.

[0028] By imposing a minimum power of 0.2 µW for the resulting light beam, it is ensured that a sufficient amount of light passes through the light guide, so that the detector can measure the optical parameter of the light beam exiting the light guide.

[0029] Furthermore, this minimum power of the resulting light beam ensures that when the optical parameter of the light beam changes due to a local property change, this change can be measured by the optical detector. Specifically, the optical detector is sensitive to the variation in the optical parameter value caused by the local property change, and therefore by the presence of the analyte. Thus, the electronic signal generated by the transducer accurately reflects the local property change. The qualitative, and even quantitative, determination of the analyte present in the analyzed fluid is therefore correctly performed.

[0030] In one variant, the electronic analysis device has multiple branches, each branch comprising a reference arm and a measurement arm that recombine into an interference arm. For example, the electronic analysis device has 64 branches. The detection accuracy for analyte determination is then improved because the light beam resulting from each branch is measured. Each branch provides its own detection capability, and the light beam measured by the optical detector at the waveguide output is impacted by each branch.

[0031] In one variant, the interference arm of each branch has a first end connected to the reference arm and the measuring arm, and a second end from which the resulting light beam is intended to exit. This second end thus forms the light output of the light guide. When the light guide has multiple branches, the light output of the light guide is formed by the second end of each interference arm. Therefore, the light beam exiting the light guide is formed by all the resulting light beams guided through the interference arms.

[0032] According to one variant, the interference arm of each branch is divided at its second end into three sub-arms, the resulting light beam being separated and guided into each of these three sub-arms, and the three sub-arms being configured to phase-shift the resulting light beam by 120° between each of the sub-arms.In other words, the interference arm is divided into a first sub-arm receiving a first part of the resulting light beam and configured to phase shift the first part of the resulting light beam by 0° relative to the resulting light beam, i.e., not to phase shift the first part of the resulting light beam, a second sub-arm receiving a second part of the resulting light beam and configured to phase shift the second part of the resulting light beam by 120° relative to the resulting light beam and a third sub-arm receiving a third part of the resulting light beam and configured to phase shift the third part of the resulting light beam by 240° relative to the resulting light beam.

[0033] The light output of the light guide is then formed by the three sub-arms. The luminous power of the resulting light beam then corresponds to the sum of the luminous powers at the output of each of the three sub-arms, that is to say the sum of the luminous powers of the first part of the resulting light beam, the second part of the resulting light beam and the third part of the resulting light beam.

[0034] When the light guide has multiple branches, the light output of the light guide is formed by all three sub-arms of each interference arm. Thus, the light beam exiting the light guide is formed by all the portions of the resulting light beams guided in the sub-arms of each interference arm.

[0035] According to one variant, the hood includes a top surface arranged opposite the closing element, and the light beam emitted by the light source has an emission axis substantially perpendicular to the top surface of the hood.

[0036] The perpendicular angle of the light beam to the upper surface of the hood facilitates the integration of the light source into the electronic analysis device, particularly when the light source is positioned on the hood. Furthermore, it simplifies alignment between the light source and the light guide inlet, thereby reducing the manufacturing costs of the electronic analysis device.

[0037] According to one variant, the receptors in the measurement chamber are chosen from molecules, peptides, polymers, biomarkers, nanoparticles, or carbon nanotubes.

[0038] According to one variant, the analyte is a combination of target compounds, for example volatile organic compounds, contained in the fluid; preferably, the analyte is a mixture of volatile organic compounds characteristic of an odor contained in the fluid.

[0039] According to one variant, the optical detector is positioned on the closing element.

[0040] Connecting the power supply to the optical detector is then made easier.

[0041] According to one alternative, the light source is positioned on the sensor cover, and the electronic analysis device includes electronic tracks engraved on the hood on which the light source is placed, an electronic circuit on the closing element, and an electrical contactor allowing the electronic tracks to be connected to the electronic circuit to power the light source.

[0042] The light source can thus be easily powered via the electronic circuit and electronic traces.

[0043] For example, the electrical connector is a Pogo® pin.

[0044] According to a second alternative, the light source is positioned on the closing element, and the electronic analysis device includes an optical system which preferably includes at least one lens, and which is intended to collimate the light beam.

[0045] The angle of incidence of the light beam at the entrance of the light guide is thus better controlled.

[0046] According to one variant, the sensor includes temporary receiver protection configured to be active before the sensor is placed in the sensor holder housing and to be deactivated by placing the sensor in the sensor holder housing.

[0047] The temporary receivers that form the sensitive part of the device are thus protected. These temporary receivers are isolated from the external atmosphere before the sensor is placed in the sensor holder and remain undamaged before being used in the device. This protection is implemented immediately after manufacturing and therefore remains in place during sensor storage and until the sensor is integrated into the electronic analysis device, at which point the temporary receivers are no longer exposed to the risk of external contamination. This protection of the temporary receivers is achieved without compromising the ease of sensor placement and removal from the device, nor the quality of the analysis.

[0048] Furthermore, when the sensor is placed in the sensor holder, the interaction between the temporary receiver protection and the sensor holder allows the temporary receiver protection to be deactivated. Fluid can then flow into the sensor's measuring chamber and reach the temporary receivers. Thus, deactivating the protection ensures optimal use of both the sensor and the temporary receivers.

[0049] According to one variant, the protection of temporary receivers includes a protective enclosure configured to: to seal the hood opening before the sensor is placed in the sensor holder housing, and to cooperate with the closing element so as to be pierced opposite the hood opening when the sensor is placed in the sensor holder housing.

[0050] According to one variant, the closing element has a peripheral wall that can be reversibly fitted with the sensor support.

[0051] This arrangement between the peripheral wall and the sensor support optimizes the alignment between the closing element and the sensor support. When the light source is positioned on the closing element, the interlocking between the peripheral wall of the closing element and the sensor support ensures alignment between the light source and the light guide inlet.

[0052] According to one variant, the closing element includes a connection socket in fluidic communication with the hood opening to allow the admission and evacuation of fluid into the measuring chamber.

[0053] The fluid can thus be admitted through the closing element, via the connection socket.

[0054] According to one variant, the hood opening has an inlet opening configured to admit fluid into the measuring chamber and an outlet opening configured to evacuate fluid from the measuring chamber.

[0055] The fluid to be analyzed can thus circulate between the inlet opening and the outlet opening during the measurement.

[0056] According to one variant, the connection socket of the closing element includes a fluid inlet conduit in fluidic communication with the hood inlet opening and a fluid outlet conduit in fluidic communication with the hood outlet opening.

[0057] According to one variant, the inlet duct, respectively the outlet duct, includes a base with a contact surface arranged opposite the inlet opening, respectively the outlet opening, which extends on either side of the inlet opening, respectively the outlet opening, in order to ensure the sealing of the measuring chamber.

[0058] The base ensures good contact between the intake and exhaust ducts and the measuring chamber, guaranteeing a seal between the intake and exhaust ducts and the sensor cover. Furthermore, it facilitates alignment between the intake duct and the intake opening on one side, and the exhaust duct and the exhaust opening on the other.

[0059] According to one variant, the change in local property is a change in optical index in the sensor.

[0060] According to one variant, the optical parameter is the luminous intensity or luminous power.

[0061] According to a second aspect, the invention provides a method for replacing a sensor in an electronic analysis device according to the first aspect of the invention, in which The sensor is removed from the sensor holder housing, a new sensor is positioned in the sensor holder housing. Brève description des dessins

[0062] Other features, details, and advantages will become apparent upon reading the detailed description below and analyzing the attached drawings, on which: Fig. 1 [ Fig. 1 ] There figure 1 represents an electronic analysis device according to a first embodiment of the invention comprising a sensor, a sensor support, a closure element and a transducer. Fig. 2 [ Fig. 2 ] There figure 2 represents a cross-sectional view of the electronic analysis device figure 1 along a longitudinal plane. Fig.3 [ Fig. 3 ] There figure 3 represents a top view of a photonic chip of the sensor of the electronic analysis device shown in the figure 1 comprising a measuring chamber with a light guide. Fig. 4 [ Fig. 4 ] There figure 4 shows an enlarged view of the area referenced IV on the figure 3 representing a portion of the light guide located near the light inlet of the light guide. Fig. 5 [ Fig. 5 ] There figure 5 shows an enlarged view of the area referenced V on the figure 4 representing a branch of the light guide with a reference arm and a measuring arm. Fig. 6 [ Fig. 6 ] There figure 6 schematically illustrates a branch of the light guide with a reference arm and a measuring arm in which receivers are integrated. Fig. 7 [ Fig. 7 ] There figure 7 schematically illustrates the reaction between receptors and an analyte to be analyzed. Fig. 8 [ Fig. 8 ] There figure 8 shows an enlarged view of the area referenced VIII on the figure 3 representing a portion of the light output from the light guide. Fig. 9 [ Fig. 9 ] There figure 9 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of the electronic analysis device figure 1 , configured according to the first embodiment, along a longitudinal plane, in which the light source of the transducer is positioned on the hood of the sensor. Fig. 10 [ Fig. 10 ] There figure 10 represents an enlarged view of the area referenced X on the figure 9 including the light source. Fig. 11 [ Fig. 11 ] There figure 11 represents a schematic cross-sectional view similar to that of the figure 9 of an electronic analysis device configured according to a second embodiment, in which the light source of the transducer is positioned on the closing element. Fig. 12 [ Fig. 12 ] There figure 12 represents an image formed by the optical detector of the transducer. Fig. 13 [ Fig. 13 ] There figure 13 represents a graph showing electrical signals formed by the transducer. Fig. 14 [ Fig. 14 ] There figure 14 illustrates the 3rd calibration method according to the invention, on an image formed by the optical detector of the transducer. Fig. 15 [ Fig. 15 ] There figure 15 illustrates a variant of the 3rd calibration method according to the invention, on an image formed by the optical detector of the transducer. Fig. 16 [ Fig. 16 ] There figure 16 represents an image formed by the optical detector of the transducer, not calibrated according to the 1st, 2nd and 3rd calibration methods according to the invention. Fig. 17 [ Fig. 17 ] There figure 17 represents an image formed by the optical detector of the transducer, calibrated according to the 1st, 2nd and 3rd calibration methods according to the invention. Fig. 18 [ Fig. 18 ] There figure 18 represents a schematic cross-sectional view similar to that of the figure 9 Or 11 of an electronic analysis device configured according to an embodiment variant, in which the hood defining the measurement chamber is arranged below the photonic chip. Description des modes de réalisation

[0063] In the figures, the same references designate identical or analogous elements.

[0064] There figure 1 represents an electronic analysis device 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention. A cross-sectional view along a longitudinal plane B is illustrated in the figure 1 of the electronic analysis device 1 is also represented at the figure 2 , and a schematic cross-sectional view along the longitudinal plane B illustrated in the figure 1 of the electronic analysis device 1 is also represented at the figure 9 .

[0065] The electronic analysis device 1 includes a consumable and interchangeable sensor 10, and allows the analysis of an analyte 2 whose presence in a fluid to be analyzed is highlighted by the sensor 10. The electronic analysis device 1 thus makes it possible to detect the presence of the analyte 2 in the fluid to be analyzed, or even to determine the quantity of analyte 2 in the fluid to be analyzed.

[0066] The fluid can be a gas or a liquid. Analyte 2 can be a combination of target compounds, for example, volatile organic compounds, contained in the fluid. In particular, analyte 2 can be a mixture of volatile organic compounds characteristic of an odor contained in the fluid.

[0067] The electronic analysis device 1 also includes a sensor holder 50 having a housing 51 in which the sensor 10 is reversibly placed, and a closure element 60. In particular, the sensor holder 50 has a recess forming the housing 51. The closure element 60 cooperates with the sensor holder 50 to encapsulate the sensor 10. The sensor 10 is thus protected by the sensor holder 50 and the closure element 60.

[0068] In the example shown, the closure element 60 is formed by an upper part 62 arranged opposite the sensor 10 and a lower part arranged opposite the sensor support 50. The upper part 62 and the lower part 63 are connected by means of a hinge 64. The closure element 60 thus protects the sensor 10. Alternatively, the closure element 60 could be formed solely by the upper part 62.

[0069] The sensor 10 includes a photonic chip 12 visible on the figures 2 And 9 , and of which a top view is shown at the figure 3 The photonic chip 12 includes a measurement chamber 11 for detecting the presence of the analyte 2 in the fluid to be analyzed. A light guide 13, in which receptors 14 are arranged, is positioned in the measurement chamber 11, at surface 12° of the photonic chip 12, opposite the measurement chamber 11. This surface 12°, thus functionalized by the receptors 14, can interact with the analyte 2 present in the fluid to be analyzed. The interaction between the receptors 14 and the analyte 2 causes a change in local properties. Thus, when the receptors 14 are in the presence of the analyte 2, at least one local property characteristic of the medium in which the receptors 14 are positioned is modified. In the illustrated example, the local property is the refractive index of the medium.

[0070] Receptors 14 can be selected from molecules, peptides, polymers, biomarkers, nanoparticles, or carbon nanotubes. Receptors 14 are temporary receptors. They have a shorter lifespan than other components of the electronic analysis device 1. This is because receptors 14 can become saturated through interaction with the analyte 2. Furthermore, they are specific to the detection of a particular type of analyte and must be replaced when the analyte being detected changes.

[0071] The light guide 13 includes a light input 135 and a light output 136.

[0072] As can be seen in the figure 4 representing an enlarged view of the area referenced IV on the figure 3 showing a portion of the light guide 13 located near the light inlet 135, and at the figure 5 representing an enlarged view of the area referenced V on the figure 4 , the light guide 13 is divided into a plurality of branches 137, each branch 137 being divided into a reference arm 132 and a measuring arm 133, in which the receivers 14 are arranged. The reference arm 132 and the measuring arm 133 recombine into an interference arm 134.

[0073] There figure 6 schematically represents a branch 137 of the light guide 13, the receptors 14 being arranged in the measuring arm 133, and interacting with the analyte 2.

[0074] In order to form the branches 137, the light guide 13 is divided successively, starting from the light inlet 135. In particular, as visible on the figures 3 et 4 , the light guide 13 is divided into two first-row portions 13a, 13b of identical length constituting a first stage of the light guide 13, then each of these first-row portions 13a, 13b is in turn divided into two to form four second-row portions 13aa, 13ab, 13ba, 13bb of identical length, constituting a second stage of the light guide 13.Each second-row portion 13aa, 13ab, 13ba, 13bb is in turn divided in two to form eight third-row portions of identical length constituting a third stage of the light guide 13, then each third-row portion is in turn divided in two to form sixteen fourth-row portions of identical length constituting a fourth stage of the light guide 13, then each fourth-row portion is in turn divided in two to form thirty-two fifth-row portions of identical length constituting a fifth stage of the light guide 13, then each fifth-row portion is in turn divided in two to form sixty-four sixth-row portions constituting a sixth stage of the light guide 13. These sixty-four sixth-row portions each form a branch 137.

[0075] These successive divisions of the light guide increase the number of branches 137 that will reveal the presence of analyte 2. The light guide 13 may have more or fewer branches 137 than in the illustrated example. Thus, the light guide 13 may have more or fewer stages than in the illustrated example. For example, the light guide 13 may have five stages, in which case the fifth stage has thirty-two fifth-row segments, each forming a branch, or seven stages, in which case the seventh stage has one hundred and twenty-eight seventh-row segments, each forming a branch.

[0076] As depicted on the figure 5 The interference arm 134 of each branch 137 has a first end 1341 connected to the reference arm 132 and the measuring arm 133, and a second end 1342. The light output 136 of the light guide 13 is formed by the second end 1342 of the interference arm 134 of each branch 137.

[0077] In the illustrated example, the interference arm 134 of each branch 137 is divided at its second end 1342 into a first sub-arm 134a, a second sub-arm 134b, and a third sub-arm 134c. As illustrated in the figure 3 and to the figure 8 representing an enlarged view of the area referenced VIII on the figure 3 , the light output 136 of the light guide 13 is thus formed by the set of the three sub-arms 134a, 134b, 134c of each of the branches 137.

[0078] The sensor 10 also includes a cover 15 attached to the photonic chip 12. The cover 15 includes a top surface 15a arranged opposite the closure element 60. The cover 15 also includes an inlet opening 16a for admitting the fluid to be analyzed into the measurement chamber 11 and an outlet opening 16b for expelling the fluid from the measurement chamber 11. The fluid can thus flow from the inlet opening 16a to the outlet opening 16b.

[0079] The inlet opening 16a is positioned near one end of the measuring chamber 11 and the outlet opening 16b is positioned near a second end of the measuring chamber 11, thus ensuring the passage of the fluid at the level of the receivers 14. In an alternative embodiment not shown, the hood 15 could include a single opening allowing both the admission of the fluid to be analyzed into the measuring chamber 11 and the discharge of the fluid from the measuring chamber 11.

[0080] The closure element 60 includes a connection port 57a, 57b in fluidic communication with the hood opening to allow the admission and discharge of fluid into the measuring chamber. The connection port 57a, 57b of the closure element 60 includes a fluid inlet conduit 57a in fluidic communication with the inlet opening 16a of the hood 15 and a fluid discharge conduit 57b in fluidic communication with the discharge opening 16b of the hood 15. The fluid to be analyzed can thus be introduced into the inlet opening 16a via the inlet conduit 57a and discharged from the discharge opening 16b via the discharge conduit 57b.

[0081] The inlet duct 57a, and respectively the outlet duct 57b, comprise a base 55 with a contact surface arranged opposite the inlet opening 16a, and respectively the outlet opening 16b, extending on either side of the inlet opening 16a, and respectively the outlet opening 16b, in order to ensure the sealing of the measuring chamber 11. The bases 55 ensure good contact between the inlet duct 57a and the outlet duct 57b on the one hand, and the measuring chamber 11 on the other, in order to guarantee a seal between the inlet and outlet ducts 57a, 57b and the cover 15 of the sensor 10. In addition, the bases 55 facilitate alignment between the inlet duct 57a and the inlet opening 16a on the one hand, and the evacuation duct 57b and the evacuation opening 16b on the other hand.

[0082] The electronic analysis device 1 also includes a transducer for the change in local property caused by the interaction between the temporary receptors 14 and the analyte 2. This transducer allows the change in local property to be converted into an electronic signal expressing the change in local property.

[0083] The transducer comprises a coherent light source 130 and an optical detector 131. The light source 130 can, for example, be a laser diode. The light source 130 is aligned with the light inlet 135 so that the light source 130 can emit a coherent light beam 129 into the light guide 13 of the photonic chip 12. The light beam 129 emitted by the light source 130 has an emission axis A substantially perpendicular to the upper surface 15a of the hood 15. Alignment between the light source 130 and the light inlet 135 of the light guide 13 is thus facilitated.

[0084] Alternatively, the emission axis A of the light beam 129 could form a non-zero angle with an axis perpendicular to the upper surface 15a of the hood 15. For example, the angle may be less than 5°, or even less than 1°.

[0085] The optical detector 131 is positioned opposite the light output 136 of the light guide 13 and can measure an optical parameter of the light beam 129 that depends on the change in local properties at the output of the light guide 13. For example, the optical detector 131 can measure the luminous intensity of the light beam 129 at the output of the light guide 13, or the luminous power of the light beam 129 at the output of the light guide 13. The optical detector 131 is positioned on the closing element 60.

[0086] In the first embodiment represented in figures 1, 2 And 9The light source 130 is positioned on the cover 15 of the sensor 10. Since the sensor 10 is a consumable, interchangeable component, and reversibly installed in the housing 51 of the sensor holder 50, the sensor 10 can be easily replaced without needing to change any other parts of the device. Only the light source 130, which is positioned on the cover 15 of the sensor 10, is changed along with the sensor 10.

[0087] When replacing sensor 10 with a new sensor, the new sensor also includes a light source on its cover. The user performing the replacement therefore does not need to worry about aligning the light source 130 with the light inlet 135 of the light guide 13, as this alignment will have been performed by the manufacturer of the new sensor. The operation of the electronic analysis device 1 is thus ensured after the replacement of sensor 10.

[0088] In this first embodiment, the light source 130 is arranged on electronic tracks 128 etched onto the cover 15 and which are visible on the figure 10 , and the closing element 60 includes an electronic circuit 127. An electrical contactor 126 allows the electronic tracks 128 to be connected to the electronic circuit 127, to power the light source 130. For example, the electrical connector 127 is a Pogo pin ®< .

[0089] According to a second embodiment represented in the figure 11 The light source 130 is positioned on the closure element 60. Since the sensor 10 is consumable, interchangeable, and reversibly installed in the housing 51 of the sensor support 50, the sensor 10 can be easily replaced without needing to change any other parts of the device. Unlike the first embodiment, the light source 130 can also be retained when the sensor 10 is replaced.

[0090] Furthermore, when replacing sensor 10 with a new sensor, alignment between the light source 130 and the light guide 135 inlet of the new sensor is ensured by the interaction of the sensor holder 50 and the closure element 60. Specifically, the new sensor is positioned in the slot 51 of the sensor holder 50, and the closure element 60 is also referenced relative to the sensor holder 50. Thus, thanks to the design of the sensor holder 50 and the closure element 60, alignment between the light source 130 and the light guide 135 inlet of the light guide 13 is guaranteed. This alignment between the light source 130 and the light guide 135 inlet of the light guide 13 is the responsibility of the device manufacturer, not the user performing the replacement.

[0091] An optical system 125 is positioned opposite the light source 130 to collimate the light beam 129 emitted by the light source 130. For example, the optical system 125 includes at least one lens. In a variant, the electronic analysis device 1 could be devoid of an optical system, and the light beam 129 emitted by the light source 130 could be directed directly into the light inlet 135 of the light guide 13.

[0092] In this second embodiment, the light source 130 is powered directly by the electronic circuit 127 of the closing element 60.

[0093] This second embodiment differs from the first embodiment only in the positioning of the light source 130 in the electronic analysis device 1 and the power supply of the light source 130. The other characteristics of the electronic analysis device 1 are identical to those of the first embodiment.

[0094] In each of the first and second embodiments, to perform the change of sensor 10, the sensor 10 is first removed from the housing 51 of the sensor support 50, then the new sensor is positioned in the housing 51 of the sensor support 50.

[0095] Furthermore, in each of the first and second embodiments, the closure element 60 has a peripheral wall 61 that can be reversibly fitted with the sensor support 50, which allows easy access to the sensor 10. In addition, this fitting contributes to the correct alignment of the closure element 60 with the sensor support 50, and therefore, for the second embodiment, to the correct alignment between the light source 130 and the light inlet 135 of the light guide 13.

[0096] In addition, the sensor 10 includes a protection for the temporary receivers 14 configured to be active before the sensor is placed in the housing 51 of the sensor support 10 and to be deactivated by the placement of the sensor 10 in the housing 51 of the sensor support 50.

[0097] This protection of the 14 temporary receptors is visible in figures 9 And 11and includes a protective cover 18 closing the inlet opening 16a and the outlet opening 16b of the hood 15 before the sensor 10 is placed in the housing 51 of the sensor support 50. When the sensor 10 is placed in the housing 51 of the sensor support 50, the protective cover 18 cooperates with the closing element 60, so as to be perforated opposite the inlet opening 16a and the outlet opening 16b of the hood 15.

[0098] The following description describes the propagation of the light beam 129 emitted by the light source 130 in the electronic analysis device 1, and in particular in the light guide 13. This propagation is identical for all the embodiments that have been described.

[0099] Once the light beam 129 is emitted by the light source 130, the light beam 129 enters the light guide 13 through the light inlet 135

[0100] For example, the luminous power of the light beam 129 at the entrance of the light guide is greater than or equal to 1 mW.

[0101] The light beam 129 is then guided through the light guide 13. Specifically, the light beam 129 is divided at each stage of the light guide 13 to propagate into each of the portions constituting that stage. The light beam then propagates into each of the branches 137 of the light guide 13.

[0102] In each arm 137 of the light guide 13, part of the light beam is guided by total internal reflection into the reference arm 132, and another part of the light beam is guided by total internal reflection into the measuring arm 133. "Guided by total internal reflection" means that when the light beam propagates in the light guide 13, and encounters the surface of the light guide 13, no part of the light beam is refracted; the light beam is entirely reflected.

[0103] A resulting light beam from the recombination of the part of the light beam guided in the reference arm 132 and the other part of the light beam guided in the measuring arm 133 is guided in the interference arm 134.

[0104] Each arm 137 of the light guide 130 forms an interferometer for detecting the presence of an analyte 2 in the fluid. Indeed, when the fluid to be analyzed enters the measurement chamber 11, the temporary receptors 14 present in each of the measurement arms 133 of the branches 137 of the light guide 13 will interact with the analyte 2. As can be seen in the figure 7 , analyte 2 will for example attach to the receptors 14. The interaction between the receptors 14 and the analyte 2 will then modify the optical index in the measuring arm 133. This modification of the optical index in the measuring arm 133 will generate a phase delay in the light beam guided in the measuring arm 133 while the phase of the light beam guided in the reference arm 132 is not modified.

[0105] When the light beam from the measuring arm 133 and the light beam from the reference arm 132 are recombined in the interference arm 134, forming the resulting light beam, specific interferences due to the phase delay of the light beam guided in the measuring arm 133 are formed in the resulting light beam. These interferences are responsible for a specific light intensity distribution. This specific light intensity distribution is then detected by the optical detector 131.

[0106] In general, in the device according to the invention, the resulting light beams emanating from the interference arms 134 of the branches, these interference arms being optionally divided at least once into sub-arms, produce a matrix of specific light intensity distributions (points) (hereinafter referred to as "distributions") in the optical detector, each distribution preferably being represented by a grayscale light spot. This matrix of distributions is inscribed within an image, preferably rectangular, such as that shown in the figure 12 , to illustrate an example of detection which is described below.

[0107] In the illustrated example, the light beam resulting from each branch 137 is separated and guided into each of three sub-arms 134a, 134b, 134c forming the second end of the interference arm 134. Each of these three sub-arms shifts the phase of the resulting light beam, so that the phase shift between each sub-arm is equal to 120°.In other words, the first sub-arm 134a receives a first part of the resulting light beam and shifts the first part of the resulting light beam by 0° relative to the resulting light beam, that is to say, the first sub-arm 134a is not out of phase with the first part of the resulting light beam, the second sub-arm 134b receives a second part of the resulting light beam and shifts the second part of the resulting light beam by 120° relative to the resulting light beam and the third sub-arm 134c receives a third part of the resulting light beam and shifts the third part of the resulting light beam by 240° relative to the resulting light beam.

[0108] The phase shift of the resulting light beam into three beams, each 120° out of phase, allows the optical detector 131 to obtain greater accuracy in detecting the interference patterns within the resulting light beam. Specifically, the optical detector 131 can thus determine the sign of the phase shift of the light beam in the measuring arm 133. Since this phase shift is due to the interaction between the receptors 14 and the analyte 2, determining the sign of the phase shift enables improved detection of the analyte 2.

[0109] The luminous power of the resulting light beam guided in the interference arm 134 of each branch 137 is greater than or equal to 0.2 µW, which enables the optical detector 131 to detect the specific intensity distribution generated in the resulting light beam of each branch 137.

[0110] The luminous power of the resulting light beam corresponds to the sum of the luminous powers at the output of each of the three sub-arms 134a, 134b, 134c of the interference arm 134. In other words, the luminous power of the resulting light beam corresponds to the sum of the luminous powers of the first part of the resulting light beam, the second part of the resulting light beam and the third part of the resulting light beam.

[0111] An example of detection performed by optical detector 131 is shown on the figure 12For each arm 137 of the optical guide 13, and more specifically, for each sub-arm 134a, 134b, 134c of the interference arm 134 of each arm 137, the optical detector 131 receives a specific light intensity distribution. Each specific light intensity distribution is represented by a light spot 1314a, 1314b, 1314c in grayscale. For each arm 137, the specific light intensity distribution of the first sub-arm 134a is represented by a light spot 1314a, the specific light intensity distribution of the second sub-arm 134b is represented by a light spot 1314b, and the specific light intensity distribution of the third sub-arm 134c is represented by a light spot 1314c.

[0112] The luminous power of each resulting light beam corresponds to the luminous power of three light spots 1314a, 1314b, 1314c representing respectively the specific luminous intensity distribution of the first part of the resulting light beam, the second part of the resulting light beam and the third part of the resulting light beam.

[0113] The grey level of each light spot 1314a, 1314b, 1314c can be between 0 and 255. The higher the grey level, the brighter the light spot.

[0114] In order to optimize the detection performed by the optical detector 131, the detector is preferably calibrated during the first use of the sensor 10.

[0115] Several methods of calibrating the optical detector are conceivable within the framework of the invention, in particular for all embodiments of the device according to the invention described in this presentation and in which each light intensity distribution, constituting the image in the optical detector, is represented by a light spot in grey level.

[0116] We describe below, by way of example, a 1st calibration method by reference to the light spot having the highest level of grey, a 2nd calibration method to take into account the quality of the alignment between the light source 130 and the light input 135 of the light guide 13 and a 3rd calibration method to locate the distributions (points) of light intensity emitted by the light guide 13. 1 ère< Optical detector calibration method by reference to the light spot with the highest grey level

[0117] This calibration is advantageously performed before the first detection, but can preferably be used thereafter for all sensor acquisitions. The calibration can also be recalled at any time, either automatically or by the user, to adjust the output values.

[0118] It is preferable that the sensor not be saturated, but that it still be able to detect the specific light intensity distributions. Thus, at least during the first detection by the optical detector 131, the light spot 1314 with the highest gray level is taken as a reference, and the exposure time of the optical detector 131, that is, the duration during which the optical detector 131 performs the measurement of the specific light intensity distributions, is modified so that this reference light spot 1314 has a predetermined gray level or is within a predetermined range of gray levels.

[0119] In other words, this first calibration method, advantageously implemented by computer, at least during the initial detection, essentially consists of: (i.1) to identify the light spot having the highest level of grey, on the matrix of distributions (points) made of light spots in grey levels, contained in an image which is formed in the optical detector; (ii.1) to take this light spot as a reference; (iii.1) to adjust the exposure time of the optical detector, i.e. the duration during which the optical detector performs the measurement of the specific light intensity distributions, so that the reference light spot has a grey level Ng at least equal to a predetermined grey level Ng°, or within a grey level range [Ng 1< _- Ng 2< ].

[0120] The present invention also has as its object an electronic device for analyzing an analyte present in a fluid, said device being equipped with means enabling this first calibration method to be carried out during the analysis.

[0121] For example, if the gray level of the reference light spot 1314 is lower than the predetermined gray level Ng° or the lowest value Ng1< of the predetermined gray level range [Ng1< - Ng2< ], the exposure time of the optical detector 131 will be increased so that the optical detector 131 receives more light during the measurement. Conversely, if the gray level of the reference light spot 1314 is higher than the predetermined gray level Ng° or the highest value Ng2< of the predetermined gray level range [Ng1< - Ng2< ], the exposure time of the optical detector 131 will be decreased so that the optical detector 131 receives less light during the measurement.

[0122] However, it is preferable that the exposure time of the optical detector 131 not exceed a maximum exposure time, such as 1000 µs. Indeed, beyond the maximum exposure time, the measurement time is too long to achieve sufficient detection accuracy.

[0123] The closer the luminous power of a resulting light beam gets to 0.2 µW, while remaining above 0.2 µW, the higher the exposure time, so that the optical detector 131 can correctly detect the specific light intensity distribution of the resulting light beam.

[0124] If the luminous power of the resulting light beam is less than 0.2 µW, then it becomes difficult to calibrate the optical detector 131 properly to allow accurate detection of the specific light intensity distribution of the resulting light beam. This is because the exposure time required for the optical sensor 131 to capture the resulting light beam then exceeds the maximum exposure time; in particular, the exposure time exceeds 1000 µs.

[0125] According to a remarkable possibility of the invention, the grey levels Ng°, Ng 1< & Ng 2< are coded in 8 bits, and therefore have a value that can vary from 0 to 255. For example, Ng° = 150; Ng 1< = 140; Ng 2< = 160.

[0126] With reference to this" 1st method of optical detector calibration by reference to the light spot with the highest level of grey"Another object of the invention relates to a first method of implementation, advantageously by computer, of a method for analyzing an analyte present in a fluid using the device according to the invention. This first method is characterized in that it comprises the first method of calibrating the optical detector.

[0127] This first method of implementing the analysis process by computer is implementable by a system comprising the device according to the invention and a central computer control unit for the device, preferably forming an integral part of the device ( "firmware" ) . 2 e< calibration method to take into account the quality of the alignment between the light source 130 and the light input 135 of the light guide 13

[0128] The useful light power incident on the surface of the optical detector depends in particular on the quality of the alignment of the light source with the input of the light guide.

[0129] The 2nd calibration method according to the invention is a calibration of the exposure time of the optical detector 131, to, where appropriate, correct the measurement of the resulting light beam, depending on the alignment / misalignment between the light source and the entrance of the light guide, in particular following a replacement of the sensor in the device according to the invention.

[0130] This calibration is advantageously performed before the first detection, but can preferably be used thereafter for all sensor acquisitions. The calibration can also be recalled at any time, either automatically or by the user, to adjust the output values.

[0131] In other words, this second calibration method, advantageously implemented by computer, at least during the initial detection, essentially consists of: (i.2) to identify the light spot having the highest level of grey, on the matrix of distributions (points) made of light spots in grey levels, contained in an image formed in the optical detector, (ii.2) to take this light spot as a reference; (iii.2) to adjust the exposure time of the optical detector, i.e. the duration during which the optical detector performs the measurement of the specific light intensity distributions, such that the reference light spot has a grey level Ng at least equal to a predetermined grey level Ng max< , corresponding to the upper bound of a range of grey levels [Ng 10< ; Ng 20< ]; (iv.2) and, when Ng = Ng max< , to repeat the same detection, i.e. the same measurement, several times to obtain several matrices of light intensity distributions (points), inscribed in (x) images; (v.2) to measure Ng in each of these (x) images; (vi.2) if Ng = Ng max < = Ng x < , in all or part of these (x) images, preferably in all these (x) images, then the corresponding exposure time is saved for subsequent measurements.

[0132] The present invention also has as its object an electronic device for analyzing an analyte present in a fluid, said device being equipped with means enabling this 2nd calibration method to be carried out during the analysis.

[0133] This 2nd calibration method allows, in particular through its step (iv.2) to smooth out any variations due to noise over several images.

[0134] Advantageously, (x) is between 1 and 30, preferably between 2 and 20.

[0135] Advantageously, the exposure time is between 25 and 10,000 µs, preferably between 500 and 5,000 µs.

[0136] Advantageously, [Ng 10< ; Ng 20< ] is defined as follows [16 ;150].

[0137] With reference to this second calibration method, to account for the quality of the alignment between the light source 130 and the light inlet 135 of the light guide 13", another object of the invention relates to a second implementation, advantageously computer-based, of a method for analyzing an analyte present in a fluid using the device according to the invention. This second method is characterized in that it comprises the second calibration method for the optical detector.

[0138] This second method of implementing the analysis process by computer is implementable by a system comprising the device according to the invention and a central computer control unit for the device, preferably forming an integral part of the device ( "firmware" ) . 3 e< calibration method to locate the light intensity distributions (points) emitted by the light guide 13

[0139] Improving the performance of the device according to the invention involves localizing the light intensity distributions (points) emitted by the light guide 13 within a matrix of specific light intensity distributions (points) inscribed in an image formed in the optical detector. This localization allows the system to correctly construct the measured analytical signals ( e.g. . odors), based on reliable information, true to the reality of the analytes measured.

[0140] This calibration is advantageously performed before the first detection, but can preferably be used thereafter for all sensor acquisitions. The calibration can also be recalled at any time, either automatically or by the user, to adjust the output values.

[0141] This third calibration method, advantageously implemented by computer, at least during the initial detection, essentially consists of:(i.3) to identify and locate each light spot constituting the matrix of distributions (points) of the image formed in the optical detector, preferably in a rectangular image, via the center of the light spot, in an orthonormal XY coordinate system whose origin is a given point of the image, preferably one of the corners of the image when the latter is rectangular, the matrix thus being made up of X n< lines of Y m< light spots; (ii.3) to identify the brightest light spot TI< of the image, in a line X n=b*< ; (iii.3) to draw a scan line passing, on the one hand, through the center of this brightest spot and, on the other hand, parallel to the Y axis; (iv.3) to make this scan line perform an angular scan, by rotation around the center of the brightest spot, by an angle + alpha / - alpha, forming an angular sector including a parallel to the Y axis; (v.3) to determine the angle of rotation (alpha C) in which the scanning line intersects Y m-1< luminous spots of the line xn=b*< ; (vi.3) for each of X n-1< lines of Y m< luminous spots, ****(vi.3.1) to identify the brightest luminous spot of the line, in a line X n≠b*< , ****(vi.3.2) to draw a scanning line passing, on the one hand, through the center of this brightest spot and, on the other hand, parallel to the Y axis, ****(vi.3.3) to make this scanning line perform an angular sweep, by rotation around the center of the brightest spot, according to the angle (alpha C), to find the line intersecting Y m-1< luminous spots of the line X n≠b*< , and more precisely to find these Y m-1< luminous spots of the line X n≠b*< ; (vii.3) to record the coordinates (X,Y) of the [X n< x Y m< ] luminous spots constituting the matrix inscribed in the image formed in the optical detector; (viii.3) to store these coordinates in memory; (ix.3) and to use these coordinates for reading the resulting light beams in the process according to the invention for analyzing an analyte present in a fluid, using the device according to the invention.

[0142] The present invention also has as its object an electronic device for analyzing an analyte present in a fluid, said device being equipped with means enabling this 3rd calibration method to be carried out during the analysis.

[0143] Advantageously, the angle |alpha| (in degrees) is between 1 and 10, preferably between 2 and 8, and, even more preferably, between 3 and 7.

[0144] There figure 14 The attached figure illustrates this third calibration method. In this figure, we observe matrix 200 included within the rectangular image 201. Matrix 200 is formed by the luminous spots 202. The brightest luminous spot is labeled 202*. This figure 14also shows the scan angle alpha.

[0145] In an advantageous variant of this 3rd calibration method, where the image is rectangular and has a frame defining its periphery, a supplementary procedure is provided comprising the following essential steps: (ic< .3) the image is scanned in a direction forming an angle beta with the X or Y axis, from at least one of the corners of the frame of this image, preferably at least the 2 diagonally opposite corners of the image, and, even more preferably, the lower right corner and the lower left corner of this image; (ii c< .3) once a luminous power / value greater than or equal to P° is detected during the scanning, said power / value is assigned to the luminous spot corresponding to the corner of the image and the luminous spot concerned is identified as such.

[0146] Advantageously, the angle |beta| (in degrees) is between 30 and 80, preferably between 40 and 50, and, even more preferably, around 45.

[0147] There figure 15 The attached figure illustrates this variant of the 3rd calibration method. This figure shows matrix 200 embedded within a rectangular image 201. The image matrix 200 is formed by the luminous spots 202. The scan lines 203 and 204, originating respectively from the upper right and lower left corners of image 201, form a 45° angle with the X and Y axes.

[0148] THE Figures 16 and 17 show respectively, on the one hand, an uncalibrated matrix / image 200, and, on the other hand, a calibrated matrix 200 according to the 1st, 2nd & 3rd methods according to the invention described above.

[0149] With reference to this third calibration method for locating the light intensity distributions (points) emitted by the light guide 13, another object of the invention relates to a third implementation, advantageously computer-based, of a method for analyzing an analyte present in a fluid using the device according to the invention, as described herein. This third method is characterized in that it comprises the third calibration method for the optical detector.

[0150] This 3rd method of implementing the analysis process by computer is implementable by a system comprising the device according to the invention and a central computer control unit for the device, preferably forming an integral part of the device ("firmware").

[0151] During detection, analyte 2 is introduced into the measurement chamber 11 through the inlet opening 16a and then expelled from the measurement chamber 11 through the outlet opening 16b. Thus, analyte 2 circulates within the measurement chamber 11. The interaction between the receptors 14 and analyte 2 therefore changes over time. The interference patterns formed in the light beam resulting from each branch 137 also change over time, which implies that the specific light intensity distribution of the light beam resulting from each branch 137 changes over time. The gray level of each light spot 1314a, 1314b, 1314c therefore varies over time.

[0152] For each resulting light beam, and therefore for the first, second, and third parts of each resulting light beam, this variation in gray level is transformed into an electronic signal by the optical detector 131. The set of all the generated electronic signals then forms a multidimensional electronic signal 31. An example of a multidimensional electronic signal 31 generated by the optical detector 131 is shown in the figure 13 .

[0153] The electronic signals express the phase delay of the light beam guided in the measuring arm 133 with respect to the light beam guided in the reference arm 132 for each branch 137, and therefore express the change in optical index in the measuring arm 133, i.e. the interaction between the analyte 2 and the temporary receptors 14. Thus, thanks to the light source 130, the optical guide 13 and the optical detector 131, it is possible to detect the change in optical index generated by the interaction between the analyte 2 and the receptors 14, and therefore to detect the presence of the analyte 2 in the analyzed fluid.

[0154] On the figure 13The electronic signals S1, S2, S3 corresponding to a resulting light beam are represented. We thus observe three curves which respectively represent the variation of the grey level of the light spot 1314a of the first part of the resulting light beam over time, the variation of the grey level of the light spot 1314b of the second part of the resulting light beam over time, and the variation of the grey level of the light spot 1314c of the third part of the resulting light beam over time.

[0155] During the time period Tb, a known reference fluid is introduced into the measuring chamber 11. The multidimensional electronic signal 31 has a reference value. During the time period Ti, the fluid to be analyzed is introduced into the measuring chamber 11. A change in the multidimensional electronic signal 31 is then observed. This change is characteristic of the interaction between the analyte 2 and the receptors 14. During the time period Tp, the reference fluid is again introduced into the measuring chamber. The multidimensional electronic signal 31 is then modified until it returns to its reference value. This time period Tp allows the measuring chamber 11 to be purged and allows the analyte 2, having interacted with the receptors 14, to also exit the measuring chamber 11.At the end of the Tp period, the measuring chamber 11 is then ready to receive a new fluid to be analyzed and the receivers 14 are then ready to receive the analyte 2 of the new fluid to be analyzed.

[0156] However, it can happen that some of the analyte 2 from the analyzed fluid remains on the temporary receptors 14. The multidimensional electronic signal then does not return exactly to its reference value, but to a value close to it. If this value is too far from the reference value, then the temporary receptors 14 must be changed. The sensor 10 must be replaced.

[0157] For example, the temporary receivers 14 can be tested in ambient air before any use. This provides an initial reference value for the multidimensional electronic signal 31. If, during the period Tp, the value of the multidimensional electronic signal 31 is less than 10% different from the initial reference value, then the temporary receivers 14 can be retained, and the sensor 10 can be kept.

[0158] On the contrary, if during the time period Tp, the value of the multidimensional electronic signal 31 takes a value with a deviation greater than 10% from the initial reference value, then the temporary receivers 14 must be changed, and the sensor 10 or the electronic analysis device 1 must be replaced.

[0159] In the first and second embodiments, described above and shown in figures 9 & 11In the device according to the invention, the photonic chip 12 has, on its functionalized upper surface, opposite the measurement chamber 11, the light guide 13 and the receptors 14 intended to react with the analytes 2. The hood 15 defining the measurement chamber 11 as well as the closure element 60 through which the inlet contents 57a and the outlet duct 57b pass, are arranged above the photonic chip 12 and in particular above its active upper surface.

[0160] According to an alternative embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in the figure 18 , the hood 150 defining the measurement chamber 110, is disposed below the photonic chip 120 and, in particular, below its lower functionalized surface 121, which is opposite the measurement chamber 110.

[0161] Advantageously, the closure element 600 can also be disposed below the photonic chip 120 and, in particular, below its functionalized lower surface 121.

[0162] Surface 121 includes the light guide 130 and the receptors 140 intended to react with the analytes 200 (not visible on the figure 18 ).

[0163] The closing element 600 consists of a lower part 630 through which the inlet contents 570a and the outlet duct 570b pass, and an upper part 620. The lower part 630 and upper part 620 are connected to each other by a hinge 640, not shown in the figure 18 .

[0164] This variant embodiment of the device according to the invention offers the advantage that any soiling 700 present in the measuring chamber 110 rests, due to gravity, on the bottom of the measuring chamber 110. This bottom is formed by the base of the hood 150.

[0165] This advantageous method limits the risks of pollution, which is particularly positive for the reliability of measurements and for increasing the lifespan of the photonic chip.

[0166] The numerical references of this figure 18 designate elements analogous to the elements of the first 2 embodiments of the device, identified by the same numerical references multiplied by 10.

Claims

1. An electronic device (1) for analyzing an analyte (2) present in a fluid, characterized in that it comprises: - a consumable and interchangeable sensor (10) comprising i) a photonic chip (12) comprising at least one measurement chamber (11) comprising a light guide (13) in which temporary receptors (14) capable of interacting with the analyte present in the fluid are arranged, the interaction causing a local property change, the light guide (13) comprising a light inlet (135) and a light outlet (136), and ii) a cap (15) integral with the photonic chip and comprising an opening (16a, 16b) suitable for admitting fluid into the measurement chamber and for discharging fluid from the measurement chamber; - a sensor support (50) comprising a housing (51) in which the sensor is intended to be placed in a reversible manner; - a closing element (60) cooperating with the sensor support to encapsulate the sensor; - a local property change transducer, the change being caused by the interaction between the receptors and the analyte, capable of converting the local property change into an electronic signal expressing the local property change, this transducer comprising: - a coherent light source (130), on the one hand, capable of emitting a coherent light beam (129) into the light guide of the photonic chip, and, on the other hand, positioned on the cap of the sensor or on the closing element; - an optical detector (131) arranged facing the light outlet of the light guide and capable of measuring an optical parameter of the light beam according to the local property change, at the outlet of the light guide.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the light guide (13) comprises at least one branch (137) comprising a reference arm (132) in which a part of the light beam emitted by the light source is intended to be guided by total internal reflection, and a measurement arm (133) in which another part of the light beam emitted by the light source is intended to be guided by total internal reflection and in which the receptors (14) are arranged, the reference arm (132) and the measurement arm (133) being recombined into an interference arm (134) into which a resulting light beam which results from recombining the part of the light beam guided into the reference arm and the other part of the light beam guided into the measurement arm is intended to be guided, and wherein the radiant power of the resulting light beam guided into the interference arm (134) is equal to or greater than 0.2 µW.

3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the resulting light beams are issued from interference arms of the branches, these interference arms possibly being divided at least once into sub-arms, producing a matrix of specific light intensity distributions (points) (called "distributions" below), in the optical detector, each distribution preferably being represented by a light spot in grayscale.

4. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the light source is positioned on the cap of the sensor and comprising - electronic traces (128) etched on the cap on which the light source is arranged, - an electronic circuit (127) on the closing element, and - an electric contactor (126) enabling the electronic traces to be connected to the electronic circuit in order to supply power to the light source.

5. The device according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the light source is positioned on the closing element, and comprising an optical system that preferably comprises at least one lens, which is intended to collimate the light beam.

6. The device according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the sensor comprises protection for the temporary receptors which is configured to be active before the sensor is placed into the housing of the sensor support and to be deactivated by the placement of the sensor into the housing of the sensor support.

7. The device according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cap 150 defining the measurement chamber 110 is arranged below the photonic chip 120 and, in particular, below its functionally active lower surface 121, which faces the measurement chamber 110.

8. The device according to at least one of claims 3 to 7, equipped with means enabling a 1st calibration method to be carried out, advantageously implemented by computer, at least during the first detection, this 1st method essentially consisting of: (i.1) identifying the light spot having the highest grayscale, on the matrix of distributions (points) made of light spots in grayscale, contained in an image that is formed in the optical detector; (ii.1) taking this light spot as a reference; (iii.1) adjusting the exposure time of the optical detector, i.e. the duration during which the optical detector measures the specific light intensity distributions, such that the referent light spot has a grayscale Ng at least equal to a predetermined grayscale Ng°, or included within a grayscale range [Ng1- Ng2].

9. The device according to at least one of claims 3 to 8 equipped with means enabling a 2nd calibration method to be carried out, advantageously implemented by computer, at least during the first detection, this 2nd method essentially consisting of: (i.2) identifying the light spot having the highest grayscale, in the matrix of distributions (points) made of light spots in grayscale, contained in an image that is formed in the optical detector; (ii.2) taking this light spot as a reference; (iii.2) adjusting the exposure time of the optical detector, i.e. the duration during which the optical detector measures the specific light intensity distributions, such that the referent light spot has a grayscale Ng at least equal to a predetermined grayscale Ngmax, corresponding to the upper limit of a grayscale range [Ng10-Ng20]; (iv.2) and, when Ng = Ngmax, repeating the same detection, i.e. the same measurement, several times to obtain several matrices of light intensity distributions (points), contained in (x) images; (v.2) measuring Ng in each of these (x) images; (vi.2) if Ng = Ngmax = Ngx, in these (x) images, then the corresponding exposure time is saved for the following measurements.

10. The device according to at least one of claims 3 to 9 equipped with means enabling a 3rd calibration method to be carried out, advantageously implemented by computer, at least during the first detection, this 3rd method essentially consisting of: (i.3) identifying and locating each light spot constituting the matrix contained in an image, preferably rectangular, forming in the optical detector, by means of the center of the light spot, in a coordinate system XY of which the origin is a given point in the image, preferably one of the corners of the image when the image is rectangular, the matrix thus being composed of Xn rows of Ym light spots; (ii.3) identifying the most luminous light spot TI of the image, in a row xn=b*; (iii.3) tracing a scan line passing through the center of this most luminous spot while also being parallel to the Y axis in an image having a rectangular shape; (iv.3) carrying out, at this scan line, angular scanning by rotation around the center of the most luminous spot, according to an +alpha / -alpha angle, forming an angular sector comprising a line parallel to the Y axis; (v.3) obtaining the angle of rotation (alpha C) in which the scan line intersects Ym-1 light spots of row Xn≠b* ; (vi.3) for each of Xn-1 lines of Y m light spots, _(vi.3.1) identifying the most luminous light spot of the row, in each row Xn ≠b*, _(vi.3.2) tracing a scan line passing through the center of this most luminous spot while also being parallel to the Y axis in an image having a rectangular shape, _(vi.3.3) carrying out, at this scan line, angular scanning by rotation around the center of the most luminous spot, according to the angle (alpha C), in order to find the line intersecting Ym-1 light spots of row Xn ≠b*, and more specifically to find these Ym-1 light spots of row Xn ≠b*; (vii.3) obtaining the coordinates (X,Y) of [Xn x Ym ] light spots constituting the matrix, and that are contained in the image forming in the optical detector; (viii.3) storing these coordinates in memory; (ix.3) and using these coordinates to read the resulting light beams in the context of the method according to the invention of analyzing an analyte present in a fluid, by means of the device according to the invention.

11. A method of analyzing an analyte present in a fluid by means of the device according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the method comprises, in a first embodiment, advantageously implemented by computer, the 1st calibration method for the optical detector as defined in claim 8.

12. A method of analyzing an analyte present in a fluid by means of the device according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the method comprises, in a second embodiment, advantageously implemented by computer, the 2nd calibration method for the optical detector as defined in claim 9.

13. A method of analyzing an analyte present in a fluid by means of the device according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the method comprises, in a third embodiment, advantageously implemented by computer, the 3rd calibration method for the optical detector as defined in claim 10.

14. A method of replacing a sensor (10) of an electronic analysis device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein - the sensor is removed from the housing of the sensor support, - a new sensor is positioned in the housing of the sensor support.