BUILDING BLOCK, WALL COMPOSED FROM IT AND METHOD FOR HANDLING IT

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a building block, specifically to a building block made of brick material, wood, plastic, concrete and / or aerated concrete, intended for robotic assembly of buildings comprising two abutment horizontally walls, two vertical side walls and two front view walls, the walls assembled from it and, to a method of manipulating this building block.State of the Art

[0002] A whole range of designs of building elements are known from current technology, from which buildings are assembled. These can include brick building elements, such as brick blocks and brick building elements, which may be, for example, lintels. The building elements have their walls made to be smooth or are provided with a great number of types of shaped elements. These shaped elements are in particular arranged in the form of grooves and locks which interlock in them arranged on the walls of two adjacent building components.

[0003] From patent document CZ304563 is further known a precision fired wall element for applying thin plaster or glue or sealant, which comprises the above-mentioned grooves and locks arranged on the walls to connect adjacent building components. This masonry element further comprises post-firing ground, load surfaces and one single, pot-firing ground facing surface, which comprises regularly arranged grooves, their depth being in the range of 0.5 to 4 mm. These grooves form a regular roughening of the facing of the ground surfaces and serve to optimise the attachment of the minimum layer of plaster on the ground, precisely manufactured facing surface of the building component. The disadvantage of grooved surface roughening is that it can only serve to improve the adhesion of the surface as described above in order to improve its connection with the plaster.

[0004] A building system using the connection of adjacent building blocks with dovetail shaped elements is known from patent document ITBZ20110043A1. All sides of the building blocks are shaped either as tongues or as dovetail-shaped grooves for connecting the blocks to each other. However, this connection requires a highly precise execution of the connection.

[0005] The disadvantage of this design solution is that it is only theoretically industrially applicable, because it is not technically feasible to repeatedly produce such a highly precise building block. And even if such building blocks were produced, their price would be prohibitively expensive, and most importantly, it would not be realistic to quickly and easily assemble a building, or more precisely a wall, from these building blocks.

[0006] Furthermore, a number of brick elements are known which contain different forms of grooves which serve, with the help of another connecting means, to interconnect the two brick components and thus also to strengthen the walls. Such a technical solution, replacing the above-mentioned groove-lock system, is known, for example, from patent documents US 2392551 and EP4597236. The building blocks are here fixed to the adjacent block by means of dovetail grooves formed in the adjacent blocks, in which a rod is placed, which has the opposite shape to the dovetail grooves and therefore fits tightly into them. Such a connection again requires highly precise execution of the individual parts, which is a major disadvantage. The main reason for this design is to create a building system for dry construction, which is, however, only theoretically industrially usable, because it is not realistic to repeatedly produce such precise parts that would allow for simple assembly.

[0007] The disadvantage is that the grooves which receive the connecting means must be relatively large so as to ensure strength and stability of the connection, and also so as to make it possible to insert the connecting element into the connection of the two brick components. In other words, the disadvantage is in particular the more complex assembly of the walls.

[0008] From the patent document US 5 284 000 A is also known a device for handling bricks, which includes a frame, means and mechanisms for gripping the brick and a mechanism for dosing mortar. It is clear from the figures that the bricks are standard small solid bricks with smooth walls without any shaped elements formed on their surface. However, this significantly limits the possibilities of variability of spatial manipulation. The brick must always be laid by moving from top to bottom in a vertical plane.

[0009] Another patent document GB 617058 A discloses a building block which has a volume of 4 standard bricks, which is lightened by perforation and at the same time contains a handling groove for easier manual handling using a bricklayer's trowel, which contains a shaped means for gripping the building block. The groove is arranged in the upper or lower surface of the building block, which only allows the carrying of these building blocks, while spatial manual or robotic manipulation is not possible with the building block thus gripped.

[0010] This technical solution is also known from patent document CZ 303550, in which is described a modular system, which consists of a set consisting of a breeze block in the shape of a block of the same height, namely the first base breeze block having a square base, the second base breeze block having a rectangular base, from the derived breeze blocks, and from the outer connecting strips and the inner connecting strips. Each base breeze block being provided with at least three outer grooves in its side walls along its entire height. The length of the derived blocks is determined to be at least twice the width. The derived breeze blocks are, at their centres, provided with one inner groove along their entire height and at least two and at most six outer grooves in their side walls, with a maximum of one outer groove in each shorter side wall and a maximum of two outer grooves in the longer side walls. The outer connecting strips and the inner connecting strips are designed for self-locking connection with outer grooves and inner grooves. The big disadvantage of this modular system is the complex and time-demanding assembly of buildings.

[0011] From current technology building systems for robotic building assembly are also known, in which the individual building components are gripped by the robotic arm by their upper part in such a way that the gripping elements of the robotic arm grip the building component using the side facings of the building component. The disadvantage of these building systems is that the construction is usually performed by a robotic device from a single location, and so the size of the construction is limited by the length of the robotic arm. In the case of deployment in a certain part of the building, it is a disadvantage that due to the fact that the building component is gripped by its upper part, it is necessary to have longer and therefore less agile robotic arms for the construction. There isn't known technical solution from the prior art that would allow a building block to be grasped by only one of its walls, for example by a dovetail groove formed in its wall, known from the prior art and used for completely different purposes according to the prior art.

[0012] The aim of the invention is the design of a building block that will allow a simple, firm and accurate grip with a robotic arm, as well as the easy variable use of robotic building systems even in smaller confined spaces.Principle of the Invention

[0013] The mentioned disadvantages are largely eliminated and the goal of the invention fulfilled by a method of manipulating the above-mentioned building block according to the invention which is defined by claim 1 and is characterised by that the building block is first held by at least one shaped gripping element arranged on one of its front view walls by a robotic manipulating device, then the building block is moved by the robotic manipulator into a position before its placement in the wall of the building, and finally the building block is pushed into place in the wall of the building by a robotic manipulator in a substantially horizontal plane. The main advantage of this method is the minimisation of the path of movement from the place of its storage to the place of its location in the wall of the building. Another advantage is a more reliable gripping due to the simple locating of a regularly arranged shaped gripping element by means of suitable sensors on the gripping mechanism.

[0014] The main advantage of the building block, the walls assembled from it and the method of handling it, according to the invention, is that it allows the use of significantly shorter robotic arms, thanks to which even entire robotic devices can have compact dimensions. Thanks to the possibility of gripping by moving "from the front" and not "from above", the reach of the robotic arm is significantly increased, because it does not have to "tilt" over the building block and thus further from its base. All that must be done is to move the robotic arm in front of the building block. All this speeds up the gripping and the whole manipulation process. The possibility of releasing the building block by moving "from the front" and not "upwards" again increases the reach of the robotic arm. Another advantage of arranging the shaped gripping element on the front view wall is the possibility of "sliding" the building blocks into the last row at the top when making a wall, for example under a ceiling or other structure, which limits the possibility of moving the robotic arm over the building block. Another advantage is the possibility of dividing the building blocks into parts while maintaining the possibility of manipulating these parts with a robotic arm, or even gripping the building blocks only by one of the grooves and cutting off the rest, then manipulating the still gripped cut section.

[0015] The another advantage is that due to the fact that the shaped gripping element is located on the front view wall, the arm of the robotic device can have a significantly shorter arm. At the same time, the groove, preferably dovetail, allows for easier, more reliable manipulation and the possibility of unifying the ways in which the building blocks are manipulated by the robotic arm. The advantage is that there is an easy and firm grip by the arm of the robotic device.

[0016] To advantage, the shaped gripping element is arranged over the entire width of the front view wall. The advantage is that, with regard to the location of the building block in the building, the robotic device can select on the entire width of the front view wall the part of the shaped gripping element which is optimal from its point of view.

[0017] To greatest advantage, the groove has an outer width "x" of 8 to 30 mm, an inner width "y" of 10 to 40 mm, a depth "z" of 4 to 15 mm, the groove widening inwards at an angle "α" of 30° to 60° and the radius of curvature of the outer and inner edges a radius "r" of 0.5 to 5 mm. The advantage is that, given the usual size of the building blocks, the dimensions of the groove are very small, which means a minimal increase in plaster consumption, while the groove also significantly improves the bond strength of the building wall and plaster.

[0018] The advantage is that the construction can be realised from the interior of individual rooms, with the fact that the dimensions of the robotic arm and thus the entire robotic device can be minimised, which allows its efficient and flexible deployment.Overview of the Figures

[0019] The invention will be further elucidated using drawings, in which fig.1 shows a detail of an design of a shaped gripping element in the form of a groove, fig. 2 shows a perspective view of a wooden wall block in which one shaped gripping element is arranged on one of the front view walls, fig. 3 shows a perspective view of a plastic masonry block, on both front view walls of which always two shaped gripping elements are arranged, fig. 4 shows a perspective view of a building wall which is composed of plastic masonry blocks, on both front view walls of which always two shaped gripping elements are arranged, fig. 5 shows a perspective view of a brick masonry block, on both front view walls of which always two shaped gripping elements are arranged, fig. 6 shows a perspective view of a lintel in which a number of shaped gripping elements are arranged on one of the front view walls, which are oriented perpendicular to the longer side of the lintel, fig. 7 shows a perspective view of a lintel, in which two shaped gripping elements are arranged on one of the front view walls, which are oriented longitudinally with the longer side of the lintel, and fig. 8 shows a perspective view of a building wall which is composed of brick masonry blocks, on the two front view walls of which always two shaped gripping elements are arranged.Examples of the Performance of the Invention

[0020] The building block 1 (fig.1, fig.2) for gripping by a gripping mechanism of a robotic handling device for robotic building assembly according to the first variant has the shape of a wooden masonry block 6 for building walls 5 of a building which comprises two horizontally abutment walls 8, two vertical side walls 9 and two vertical, perpendicular to the side walls 9, front view walls 2 directed to the interior and / or exterior of the building. One of its front view walls 2 comprise one shaped gripping element 3 for attachment by a robotic manipulation device. The shaped gripping element 3 is arranged over the entire width of the front view wall 2, from one edge to the other edge of the front view wall 2.

[0021] The building block 1 (fig.1, fig. 3) for robotic building assembly according to the second variant has the shape of a plastic masonry block 6 for building walls 5 of a building, which comprises two horizontally abutment walls 8, two vertical side walls 9 and two front view walls 2. Both front view walls 2 comprise two shaped gripping elements 3 for attachment by a robotic manipulation device. The shaped gripping elements 3 are arranged over the entire width of the front view wall 2, from one edge to the other edge of the front view wall 2. The shaped gripping elements 3 are grooves 4. The grooves 4 have an outer width "x" of 12.5 mm, an inner width "y" of 15 mm, a depth "z" of 6 mm, the grooves 4 widening inwards at an angle "α" of 45° and the radius of curvature of the outer and inner edges is a radius "r" of 2 mm. The wall 5 of the building (fig. 4) is composed of plastic masonry blocks 6 in such a way that the shaped gripping elements 3 which the building blocks 1 comprise are arranged on their front view walls 2 facing towards the inner parts of the building. The shaped gripping elements 3 of the adjacent building components 6 are connected vertically to one another.

[0022] The building block 1 (fig.1, fig. 5) for robotic building assembly according to the third variant has the shape of a brick masonry block 6 for building walls 5 of a building, which comprises two horizontally abutment walls 8, two vertical side walls 9 and two front view walls 2. Both front view walls 2 comprise two shaped gripping elements 3 for attachment by a robotic manipulation device. The shaped gripping elements 3 are arranged on the front view wall 2 facing towards the inner parts of the building, over the entire width of the front view wall 2, from one edge to the other edge of the front view wall 2. The shaped gripping elements 3 are arranged in the direction of the stretching of the production mixture of the building block 1 by the shaping template. The shaped gripping elements 3 are grooves 4. The grooves 4 have an outer width "x" of 16 mm, an inner width "y" of 21 mm, a depth "z" of 10 mm, the grooves 4 widening inwards at an angle "α" of 48° and the radius of curvature of the outer and inner edges is a radius" r "of 2 mm. The wall 5 of the building (fig. 8) is composed of brick masonry blocks 6 in such a way that the shaped gripping elements 3, which the building blocks 1 comprise, are arranged on their front view walls 2 facing towards the inner parts of the building. The shaped gripping elements 3 of the adjacent building components 6 are connected vertically to one another.

[0023] The building block 1 (fig.1, fig. 6) for robotic assembly of buildings according to the fourth variant has a wooden lintel shape 7 for bridging the free parts of the building wall 5, which comprises two horizontally abutment walls 8, two vertical side walls 9 and two front view walls 2. One of the front view walls 2 comprise a number of shaped gripping elements 3 for attachment by a robotic manipulation device. The shaped gripping elements 3 are arranged vertically over the entire width of the front view wall 2, from one edge to the other edge of the front view wall 2. The shaped gripping elements 3 are grooves 4.

[0024] The building block 1 (fig.1, fig. 7) for robotic assembly of buildings according to the fifth variant has the shape of a brick lintel 7 for bridging the free parts of the walls 5 of the building which comprises two horizontally abutment walls 8, two vertical side walls 9 and two front view walls 2. One of the front view walls 2 comprise a number of shaped gripping elements 3 for attachment by a robotic manipulation device. The shaped gripping elements 3 are arranged, on the front view wall 2 facing towards the inner parts of the building, horizontally across the entire width of the front view wall 2, from one edge to the other edge of the front view wall 2. The shaped gripping elements 3 are arranged in the direction of the stretching the production mixture of the building block 1 by the shaping template. The shaped gripping elements 3 are grooves 4. The grooves 4 have an outer width "x" of 16 mm, a depth "z" of 10 mm, the grooves 4 widening inwards at an angle "α" of 48° and a radius of curvature of the outer and the inner edges is a radius "r" of 2 mm.

[0025] The shaped gripping elements 3 of all the above-mentioned building block variants can be provided with a cover (not shown) after being placed in position.

[0026] According to the method of manipulation, the building block 1 is first held by a shaped gripping element 3 arranged on its front view wall 2 by inserting a gripping mechanism of a robotic manipulation device (not shown), then the building block 1 is moved by a robotic handling device into its position before being pushed into its place in the wall 5 of the building and finally, the building block 1 is pushed by the robotic manipulation device in a substantially horizontal plane into place in the wall 5 of the building and the grip of the robotic manipulation device is released.Industrial Application

[0027] The method for manipulating a building block according to the invention can be used for robotic assembly of buildings.List of Reference Marks

[0028] 1building block 2front view wall 3shaped gripping element 4groove 5walls of the building 6masonry block 7lintel 8horizontally abutment wall 9vertical side wall

Claims

1. A method for manipulating a building block, which comprises two abutment walls (8), two side walls (9) and two front view walls (2), characterised by that the building block (1) is first held by at least one shaped gripping element (3) arranged on one of its front view walls (2) by a robotic manipulator, then the building block (1) is moved by the robotic manipulator into position before its placement into the wall (5) of the building, and finally the building block (1) is, by the robotic manipulator, substantially in the horizontal plane, inserted into place in the wall (5) of the building, whereas the shaped gripping element (3) is a groove (4), which has a smaller outer width "x" than the inner width "y".