Detachable connecting device, especially for an aircraft and / or spacecraft

Description

Domaine technique

[0001] The present invention relates to a device and a method for separable joining of two parts, in particular for a flying and / or space craft such as an aircraft, a drone, a rocket or a missile for example. Etat de la technique

[0002] In various fields, particularly in the aeronautics, aerospace, and defense sectors, the ability to link several sub-assemblies together and separate them at a desired time is especially valuable. For example, aircraft, rockets, or satellites may consist of a main structure to which sub-assemblies such as boosters, stages, or weapon systems (missiles, bombs, etc.) are attached. Depending on their use, these sub-assemblies must be able to detach and potentially eject from the main structure at specific times.

[0003] Common devices exist for creating separable connections between two parts, such as pins, separable or explosive nuts, jacks, and retractors. Pin and nut devices lock an assembly and, under the action of an actuator, release the parts of that assembly by breaking the connection that locked them together. This connection can be broken by moving specific elements or by a pyrotechnic action such as the explosion of a nut or pin. Jack and retractor devices generally perform a simple locking / unlocking function, preventing or allowing two parts to separate using a retractable rod.

[0004] We also know of devices that allow elements to be pre-stressed together in order to prevent their separation under known environments, for example elements subjected to vibrations or mechanical stresses.

[0005] Furthermore, from document GB-971537, fast-separation bonding elements are known.

[0006] None of the known solutions mentioned above can simultaneously provide a locking / unlocking function for two parts and a separation function that moves them apart when unlocked. Furthermore, these solutions also fail to lock two parts together while maintaining them under preload.

[0007] The known solutions are therefore not completely satisfactory. Exposé de l'invention

[0008] The present invention aims to provide a device for overcoming the aforementioned drawbacks of existing devices. It relates to a separable connecting device for two parts, according to claim 1. Said connecting device comprises a connecting pin configured to be able to be arranged, at least partially, in a first cavity of a first of said parts and in a second cavity of the second of said parts, said connecting pin being capable of holding said parts securely together and of separating them.

[0009] According to the invention, the connecting device comprises a movable plunger arranged in the connecting pin and a pressure generator capable of being controlled and configured to generate pressure, said connecting device being configured to be able to successively assume the following configurations: a so-called locked configuration, in which the plunger, held by an elastic element, acts on locking elements which lock the connecting pin between the two parts, said connecting pin being configured to exert a predetermined force on said parts by pressing them against each other when it is locked by the locking elements; a so-called unlocked configuration, in which the plunger, moved by a pressure generated by the pressure generator in a first chamber, releases the locking elements so as to unlock the connecting pin and free the two parts from the predetermined force exerted by said connecting pin;and a so-called separation configuration, in which the plunger, displaced by the pressure generated by the pressure generator in the first chamber, opens at least one fluid passage between said first chamber and a second chamber so as to allow the fluid in the first chamber to pass into the second chamber and transfer there the pressure generated by the pressure generator, the connecting pin being displaced by said pressure in the second chamber until it generates a shock on a stop arranged on one of said parts so as to initiate the separation of the two parts.

[0010] Thus, thanks to the invention, a simple, compact, and lightweight device is available for locking two parts together under preload and, upon command from the pressure generator, unlocking and separating them. Both unlocking and separation are achieved using the same fluid pressurized by a single pressure generator. Pressure is generated in the first chamber to unlock the connecting pin, and then transferred to the second chamber to propel the connecting pin against the stop. From this single connecting device, it is therefore possible to ensure a rigid connection between the two parts and, when desired, to uncouple and separate them.

[0011] Advantageously, the linking device includes: in the first cavity, a groove suitable for receiving the locking elements, said locking elements being held in said groove by a head of the plunger, in the locked configuration, so as to lock the connecting pin longitudinally in a first direction; and in the second cavity, a shoulder suitable for receiving at least a part of the connecting pin in support, said connecting pin being held against said shoulder, in the locked configuration, so as to lock the connecting pin longitudinally in a second direction, opposite to the first direction.

[0012] Furthermore, advantageously, the second cavity of the second part includes the second chamber, said second chamber corresponding to a free space provided between an external wall of the connecting pin and an internal wall of the cavity.

[0013] Thus, thanks to the arrangement described above, a simple interface can be achieved between the two parts with a connecting device that occupies a small space. The connecting device is therefore easy to install and compact.

[0014] Furthermore, advantageously, the connecting device includes at least one clamping screw suitable for being screwed into the connecting spindle and bearing against the second part, in the locked configuration, so as to obtain the predetermined force pressing the first part and the second part against each other, tightening the clamping screw allowing adjustment of said predetermined force.

[0015] Thus, thanks to this particular method of implementation, it is possible to adjust in a simple and quick way the predetermined force (or prestressing force) with which we want to press the two parts together.

[0016] In a particular embodiment, the connecting device includes a nut configured to be screwed onto a thread of an extension of the connecting spindle while bearing against the workpiece, in the locked configuration, so as to obtain the predetermined force pressing the first workpiece and the second workpiece against each other, tightening the nut allowing adjustment of said predetermined force.

[0017] In a particular embodiment, the groove has a slope and the plunger has an inclined surface, said slope and said inclined surface being configured such that, in the locked configuration, the plunger acts on the locking elements, under the action of an elastic force exerted by the elastic element, so as to maintain said locking elements in the groove while transmitting said elastic force to one of the two parts, via said inclined surface and said slope, so as to press said parts against each other with the predetermined force, the characteristics of the elastic element allowing said predetermined force to be defined.

[0018] Thus, thanks to this particular embodiment, it is possible to obtain a connecting device whose elastic element ensures, in the locked configuration, both the locking of the connecting pin and the clamping of the two parts against each other.

[0019] Furthermore, in a first particular embodiment, the fluidic passage(s) between the first chamber and the second chamber are arranged so that, when the diver moves under the effect of the pressure generated by the pressure generator, said diver opens said fluidic passages substantially at the same time as it releases the locking elements.

[0020] In a second embodiment, the fluidic passage(s) between the first chamber and the second chamber are arranged so that, when the diver moves under the effect of the pressure generated by the pressure generator, said diver opens said fluidic passages after it has released the locking elements.

[0021] Thus, pressure is distributed in the second chamber after the connecting pin has been unlocked. This results in a moderately powerful retraction of the connecting pin, generating a moderate shock on the stop. This allows a relatively gentle impulse to be given to one of the two parts to separate them without risking damage to any components of either part.

[0022] Furthermore, in a third particular embodiment, the fluidic passage(s) between the first chamber and the second chamber are arranged so that, when the diver moves under the effect of the pressure generated by the pressure generator, said diver opens said fluidic passages before it has released the locking elements.

[0023] Thus, pressure is distributed in the second chamber while the connecting pin is still locked. This pressure can therefore increase until the connecting pin is unlocked. Upon unlocking, a powerful and rapid retraction of the connecting pin occurs, generating a sharp impact on the stop. This provides a stronger impulse to one of the two parts, allowing them to separate cleanly.

[0024] Thanks to the three embodiments described above, variations are available to achieve varying degrees of separation between parts, from subtle to powerful. It is therefore possible to choose a suitable type of separation depending on the application.

[0025] Within the framework of the present invention, the locking elements can be made in different ways.

[0026] In a first embodiment, the locking elements correspond to balls and, in the locked configuration, the linking device is configured to obtain a point contact between said balls and one of the first and second parts capable of locking the linking pin.

[0027] In a second embodiment, the locking elements correspond to one of the following elements, rollers or barrels; and, in the locked configuration, the linking device is configured to obtain linear contact between said locking elements and one of the first and second parts suitable for locking the linking pin.

[0028] Furthermore, in a third embodiment, the locking elements correspond to one of the following elements, wedges or keys; and, in the locked configuration, the linking device is configured to obtain surface contact between said locking elements and one of the first and second parts suitable for locking the linking pin.

[0029] Thus, thanks to the three embodiments described above, variations are available for locking the connecting pin with different contact surfaces. Depending on the contact surface, a higher or lower maximum locking force can be achieved. It is therefore possible to select a suitable locking type based on the application.

[0030] Furthermore, advantageously, the pressure generator corresponds to one of the following fluid generating systems: a pyrotechnic gas generating cartridge, a fluid generating cartridge, a pneumatic system, a hydraulic system.

[0031] In addition, advantageously, at least one of the first and second parts includes a movable plug configured to close, in the separation configuration, an opening of the first cavity or of the second cavity, said plug comprising a face provided with an aerodynamic shape suitable for conforming to an external surface of the first part or of the second part.

[0032] Thus, the connecting device prevents either of the two parts from having an open cavity after separation. This helps, in particular, to avoid drag effects in the case of a flying machine.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the connecting pin is fully retracted inside either of the first cavity and the second cavity in the separation configuration.

[0034] Thus, the connecting device prevents the connecting pin from protruding outside either part after separation. This way, it is not likely to come into contact with external elements. It also prevents drag effects in the case of a flying machine.

[0035] The present invention also relates to a flying and / or spacecraft or a dropperable object comprising at least two parts. According to the invention, said flying and / or spacecraft or dropperable object includes at least one connecting device as described above for joining said parts. In a particular embodiment, it includes a plurality of such connecting devices.

[0036] The present invention also relates to a method for separating two parts joined together by means of at least one connecting device (as described above). According to the invention, starting from a locked configuration in which the two parts are rigidly connected together by the connecting device, said method comprises, for separating the two parts, at least the following sequence of steps carried out successively: an unlocking step consisting of commanding the pressure generator to generate pressure in the first chamber so as to move the plunger in order to release the locking elements to unlock the connecting pin and release the two parts from the predetermined force; and a separation step, implemented after the unlocking step, in which the plunger, moved by the pressure generated by the pressure generator, opens the fluid passage(s) between the first chamber and the second chamber, so as to allow the fluid in the first chamber to pass into the second chamber and transfer the pressure generated by the pressure generator to move the connecting pin until it generates a shock on a stop arranged on one of the two parts to initiate the separation of said two parts. Brève description des figures

[0037] The accompanying figures will clearly illustrate how the invention can be implemented. In these figures, identical reference numerals designate similar elements. There figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a linking device in a locked configuration. The figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the linking device of the figure 1 in an unlocked configuration. The figure 3 is a view of the linking device of the figure 1 in an intermediate configuration between the unlocked configuration and a separation configuration. The figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the linking device of the figure 1 , in the separation configuration. The figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a first particular embodiment of the linking device in the locked configuration. figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a second particular embodiment of the linking device in the locked configuration. figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a third particular embodiment of the linking device in the locked configuration. Description détaillée

[0038] The separable connecting device 1 (hereinafter referred to as device 1) used to illustrate the invention is shown in particular embodiments of the figure 1 to the figure 5 This device 1 is intended to securely join at least two parts together. In the context of the present invention, the term "part" may refer to single elements or to subassemblies comprising several elements. For example, the device 1 may be adapted to attach a simple element to a support or to secure a more complex subassembly to a main structure.

[0039] Furthermore, device 1 is designed to allow, when desired, the disengagement and separation of the two parts. It therefore allows not only the two parts to be freed from the interactions that hold them together, but also to be moved away from each other after disengagement.

[0040] Although not exclusively, Device 1 is particularly well-suited for applications in the aeronautics, aerospace, and defense sectors. Examples illustrating the possible applications of Device 1 will be presented later in this description.

[0041] A first embodiment of device 1, represented by the figure 1 to the figure 4 This is described in detail below. It is a preferred embodiment. However, the present invention is not limited to this first embodiment and can be implemented in various ways. Examples of other specific embodiments will be detailed later.

[0042] In the embodiment shown of the figure 1 to the figure 4 Device 1 is configured to be able to link part 2 and part 3 together securely and to be able to separate them at a desired time.

[0043] In one particular example, piece 2 is part of a primary set, meaning a set that we want to keep after pieces 2 and 3 are separated. Piece 3, on the other hand, is part of a secondary set, meaning a set that we want to separate from at a specific point in time. Alternatively, the roles of pieces 2 and 3 can be reversed.

[0044] As represented by the figure 1 to the figure 4 , device 1 includes a connecting pin 4 configured to be able to be arranged, at least partially, in parts 2 and 3.

[0045] More specifically, the connecting pin 4 includes an end 5 configured to be able to be arranged in a cavity 6 of part 2 and an end 7 configured to be able to be arranged in a cavity 8 of part 3. When the connecting pin 4 is thus arranged in parts 2 and 3, it is able to hold them together and then, when desired, separate said parts 2 and 3.

[0046] To do this, device 1 is configured to be able to take several configurations in which the connecting pin 4 ensures the holding or separation of parts 2 and 3.

[0047] In a so-called locked configuration, represented on the figure 1 The connecting pin 4 holds parts 2 and 3 together with a predetermined force, pressing them against each other.

[0048] Furthermore, in a so-called unlocked configuration, represented on the figure 2 , the connecting pin 4 releases parts 2 and 3 from the predetermined force and no longer holds them together.

[0049] Furthermore, in a so-called separation configuration, represented on the figure 3 and the figure 4 The connecting pin 4 is moved in such a way as to initiate (or generate) a separation of parts 2 and 3, moving them away from each other. These configurations will be described in more detail below.

[0050] Cavities 6 and 8 can be made directly in parts 2 and 3. However, they can also be made in added parts, such as housings, which are attached to said parts 2 and 3. Cavities 6 and 8 have openings 9 and 10, respectively (visible on the figure 4 ) intended to be opposite each other when parts 2 and 3 are held against each other. The opening 10 of part 3 has a bore 11 suitable for guiding the connecting pin 4 in translation as explained below.

[0051] The connecting pin 4 has a longitudinally roughly cylindrical shape. It is configured to be able to slide relative to parts 2 and 3 along its longitudinal direction. To achieve this, the connecting pin 4 has a main section 12 extending longitudinally to its end 5. It also has a collar 13 at its end 7. The main section 12 is configured to cooperate with the bore 11 formed at the opening 10. The collar 13, for its part, is configured to cooperate with a bore 14 arranged in the cavity 8 of the part 3. By "cooperate," it is meant that the connecting pin 4 can slide in a precise manner within the bores 11 and 14. More specifically, the bore 11 has an internal surface 15 suitable for serving as a guide surface for the main section 12. Similarly, the bore 14 has an internal surface 16 suitable for serving as a guide surface for the collar 13.

[0052] In other embodiments, the connecting pin 4 may have various shapes suitable for allowing translational movement of said connecting pin 4 relative to parts 2 and 3. For example, the connecting pin 4 may have a cross-section other than a circular cross-section, such as a square or rectangular cross-section.

[0053] Furthermore, the device 1 includes a movable plunger 17 arranged in a cavity 18 formed inside the connecting spindle 4. The plunger 17 is a rod having, at one end, a head 19 and, at its other end, a piston 20. The head 19 is arranged in a bore 21 of the cavity 18, on the end 5 side of the connecting spindle 4. The piston 20 is arranged in a bore 22 of the cavity 18, on the end 7 side of the connecting spindle 4. The head 19 and the piston 20 are adapted to cooperate, respectively, with the bores 21 and 22 so that the plunger 17 can slide longitudinally relative to the connecting spindle 4.

[0054] Furthermore, the device 1 includes an elastic element 23 arranged in the connecting pin 4. The elastic element 23 is capable of exerting an elastic force on the plunger 17. In particular, the elastic element 23 is capable of holding the plunger 17 against the end 7 of the connecting pin 4 in the locked position. In the first embodiment, the elastic element 23 is a compression spring 23A (hereinafter referred to as spring 23A). In other embodiments, it may be another conventional element (for example, a wedge) capable of exerting a force on the plunger 17.

[0055] The spring 23A is arranged in the cavity 18 of the connecting pin 4 between a shoulder 24 of said cavity 18 and the piston 20 of the plunger 17. The spring 23A is configured to bear against the shoulder 24 at one of its ends and against the piston 20 at its other end so as to exert an elastic force on the plunger 17. This elastic force is capable of holding the plunger 17 towards the end 7 of the connecting pin 4 when the device 1 is in the locked configuration described below.

[0056] The device 1 also includes movable locking elements 25 that can be moved to protrude from the connecting pin 4 so as to prevent its translation as described below. In the first embodiment, the locking elements 25 are balls 25A. In other embodiments, they may be other conventional elements that can be moved to prevent the translation of the connecting pin 4.

[0057] The balls 25A are housed in openings 26 in the connecting pin 4. These openings 26 correspond to through holes extending radially with respect to the longitudinal direction of the connecting pin 4. The openings 26 lead into the cavity 18 on one side, and to the outside of the connecting pin 4 on the other. More specifically, the openings 26 are arranged so as to be opposite the head 19 of the plunger 17, allowing the balls 25A to be in contact with said head 19.

[0058] The connecting pin 4 may include common elements for holding the 25A balls, for example a grid or a crimped elastic ring.

[0059] The position of the balls 25A depends, among other things, on the portion of the head 19 facing the openings 26. Indeed, depending on the position of the plunger 17 (longitudinally relative to the connecting pin 4), a different portion of the head 19 faces the openings 26. One of these portions of the head 19 has a cylindrical surface 27 with a diameter substantially the same as the bore 21 (in which the head 19 can slide). When the surface 27 faces the openings 26, the balls 25A are in contact with said surface 27 so as to be held protruding out of the connecting pin 4 ( figure 1 ). Another portion of the head 19 has a conically shaped inclined surface 28 whose diameter decreases relative to that of the surface 27 to form a slope. When the inclined surface 28 is opposite the openings 26, the balls 25A can move towards the interior of the connecting pin 4 ( figure 3 And figure 4 ). The inclined surface 28 is configured so that the balls 25A can be housed in the openings 26 without protruding out of the connecting pin 4.

[0060] Furthermore, the cavity 6 of part 2 has a groove 29 adapted to receive the balls 25A when they protrude from the connecting pin 4. When the balls 25A are held in the groove 29 by the head 19 of the plunger 17, they are able to block translation of part 2 relative to the connecting pin 4. Indeed, in this position, the balls 25A are able to prevent part 2 from moving longitudinally in a direction S1, illustrated by an arrow S1 in the figure 1 to the figure 4 .

[0061] Furthermore, the connecting pin 4 is configured to bear against part 3 at its end 7, so as to prevent translation of said part 3. More specifically, the collar 13 is configured to bear against a shoulder 31. In this configuration, shown on the figure 1 The connecting pin 4 is suitable for preventing part 3 from moving longitudinally in a direction S2, opposite to the direction S1 and illustrated by an arrow S2 of the figure 1 to the figure 5 .

[0062] In the embodiment shown of the figure 1 to the figure 4 The support between the collar 13 and the shoulder 31 is achieved by indirect contact, in particular via adjustable elements as specified below. However, in other embodiments, this support between the collar 13 and the shoulder 31 can be achieved by direct contact.

[0063] Parts 2 and 3, assembled with connecting pin 4 as described above, are fixed against each other in translation. However, due to assembly constraints, there is some play in the connection between parts 2 and 3 and connecting pin 4. This play is compensated for by pre-loading the assembly as described below.

[0064] In the embodiment shown of the figure 1 to the figure 4 The device 1 comprises a plurality of clamping screws 32 enabling indirect contact between the collar 13 and the shoulder 31. The clamping screws 32 are screwed through the collar 13. Each screw has a bearing end 33 adapted to bear against the shoulder 31. Tightening the clamping screws 32 allows the assembly to be pre-stressed.

[0065] Device 1 may include a single clamping screw 32. However, preferably, it includes at least two clamping screws 32. Furthermore, the clamping screws 32 are arranged regularly around the collar 13. In this way, a homogeneous and balanced overall bearing force of the connecting pin 4 on the workpiece 3 is obtained. This, in particular, increases the reliability of device 1.

[0066] However, in other embodiments, the clamping screws 32 can be distributed heterogeneously around the collar 13. This allows the predetermined force to be concentrated to pre-stress parts 2 and 3 at a particular location depending on the stresses to which parts 2 and 3 are likely to be subjected.

[0067] Furthermore, the device 1 includes a pressure generator 34 capable of being controlled to generate pressure. The device 1 includes, in particular, a chamber 35 configured to receive the pressure generated by the pressure generator 34. The chamber 35 is arranged in the cavity 18 of the connecting spindle 4. It is delimited longitudinally by the piston 20 and by a wall 30 at the end 7 of the connecting spindle 4.

[0068] The plunger 17 is positioned opposite the chamber 35 so that the piston 20 can form a hermetic (movable) barrier between said chamber 35 and the rest of the cavity 18. The piston 20 is configured to be subjected to the pressure generated in the chamber 35 in such a way as to move the plunger 17 by compressing the spring 23A. The chamber 35 therefore has a variable volume that changes when the plunger 17 is moved. The displacement and specific positions taken by the plunger 17 will be detailed below in the description of the device configurations 1.

[0069] The pressure generator 34 corresponds to a fluid (gas or liquid) distribution system capable of generating pressure using said fluid. It can be an internal system, i.e., directly mounted on the connecting spindle 4, or an external, remote system. For example, as shown in the diagram. figure 1 to the figure 7 The pressure generator 34 may correspond to a pyrotechnic cartridge generating gas. It may also be a hydraulic or pneumatic system equipped with a pump or a pressurized gas cylinder controlled by a pilot valve.

[0070] In addition, the pressure generator 34 is configured to be controlled by a conventional control or triggering system (not shown) on board device 1. Thus, the control of the gas generator is independent of external conditions, which makes device 1 particularly reliable.

[0071] In the embodiment shown of the figure 1 to the figure 4 The pressure generator 34 is mounted on an insert 38 fixed to the end 7 of the connecting pin 4. The insert 38 is an interface piece used to secure the pressure generator 34. It also acts as a stop for the piston 20 when the plunger 17 is held in the locked position by the spring 23A. However, other common elements can be used as stops for the piston 20, for example, a retaining ring or a specific shape of the plunger 17 and / or the connecting pin 4.

[0072] The chamber 35 is formed partly within the cavity 18 and partly within the added part 38. The chamber 35 is capable of withstanding the pressure generated by the pressure generator 34 without being damaged and / or deformed by it. The pressure generator 34 has an orifice 39 opening into the chamber 35 so as to allow the fluid from the pressure generator 34 to enter the chamber 35 and generate pressure therein.

[0073] Device 1 is configured to be able to successively assume the locked configuration ( figure 1 ), the unlocked configuration ( figure 2 ) and the separation configuration ( figure 3 And figure 4 ) which are described below.

[0074] In the locked configuration, shown on the figure 1 Device 1 holds parts 2 and 3 together by pressing them firmly against each other. To achieve this, connecting pin 4 is locked between parts 2 and 3. More precisely, it is positioned between parts 2 and 3 to prevent them from moving linearly. The translation of part 2 is blocked in direction S1, and the translation of part 3 is blocked in direction S2, as detailed below. Furthermore, parts 2 and 3 are pressed against each other to also prevent rotation of one relative to the other.

[0075] In this locked configuration, the plunger 17 is held by spring 23A in a position P1 shown on the figure 1 In this position P1, the piston 20 is abutted against the attached part 38. Furthermore, the surface 27 of the head 19 is aligned with the openings 26 of the connecting pin 4. The balls 25A are therefore held in the groove 29 of the part 2 by the head 19 of the plunger 17, as illustrated by arrows E1 on the figure 1 . Part 2 is therefore blocked in translation by the connecting pin 4 in the S1 direction and by part 3 in the S2 direction.

[0076] Furthermore, in this locked configuration, the clamping screws 32 bear against the shoulder 31 of part 3. Part 3 is therefore blocked in translation by the connecting pin 4 in the S2 direction and by part 2 in the S1 direction. In addition, tightening the clamping screws 32 pre-stresses parts 2 and 3 against each other so as to resist external translational and rotational forces.

[0077] Thus, in the locked configuration, parts 2 and 3 are both blocked in translation (in both directions) and in rotation. They are therefore linked together by device 1.

[0078] Furthermore, in this locked configuration, an external face 40 of part 2 is pressed against an external face 41 of part 3 with a predetermined force, represented by a double arrow F on the figure 1 This predetermined force is obtained by tightening the clamping screws 32. Indeed, tightening the clamping screws 32 generates a relative displacement of the connecting pin 4 with respect to the part 3. This relative displacement of the connecting pin 4 with respect to the part 3 causes parts 2 and 3 to move closer together until their external faces 40 and 41 are in contact. When the external faces 40 and 41 are in contact with each other, tightening the clamping screws 32 allows the force with which parts 2 and 3 are to be pressed against each other to be defined.

[0079] Thus, in the locked configuration, device 1 is not only capable of joining parts 2 and 3 together, but also of pre-stressing them against each other. This pre-stress is adjustable using the clamping screws 32, which allows the desired predetermined force to be obtained between parts 2 and 3. The pre-stress can, in particular, be adjusted to absorb specific forces and / or moments between parts 2 and 3. By "absorbing" forces and / or moments, we mean that any external force and / or moment exerted on one of parts 2 and 3 is transmitted to the other part without any relative movement between said parts 2 and 3. For example, the pre-stress can be adjusted (i.e., parts 2 and 3 can be pressed against each other with sufficient force) to absorb: axial forces (longitudinally with respect to the connecting pin 4); transverse forces (radially with respect to the connecting pin 4); normal moments (torsional); and bending moments (transverse at the support between parts 2 and 3).

[0080] In the unlocked configuration, shown on the figure 2 Device 1 releases parts 2 and 3 from the predetermined force holding them against each other. To do this, the connecting pin 4 is unlocked so as not to block the translation of part 2 in direction S1, as specified below.

[0081] In this unlocked configuration, diver 17 is moved to a position P2 shown on the figure 2 To reach this position P2, it is moved by pressure generated by the pressure generator 34 in the chamber 35, thereby compressing the spring 23A. This brings the inclined surface 28 of the head 19 of the plunger 17 into alignment with the openings 26, allowing the balls 25A to enter them. Position P2 corresponds to the position of the plunger 17 in which the balls 25A can enter sufficiently into the openings 26 to no longer obstruct the translation of part 2 in direction S1.

[0082] Thus, in the unlocked configuration, parts 2 and 3 are no longer subject to the preload holding them against each other. Furthermore, they are no longer rigidly connected since the connecting pin 4 no longer restricts the translation of one relative to the other.

[0083] The unlocked configuration can be obtained at a specific desired time. Indeed, device 1 is configured so that the pressure generator 34 can be controlled by a command generated at a precise time. Preferably, this is a command generated automatically, for example, at a predetermined time or when certain conditions are met. It can also be a command generated by an operator.

[0084] Furthermore, in the separation configuration, represented on the figure 3 and the figure 4 Device 1 separates parts 2 and 3 by moving them apart. To do this, the connecting pin 4 is moved so as to come into contact with a stop 42 on part 3. The shock generated by the contact of the connecting pin 4 with the stop 42 gives an impulse to part 3. This impulse is configured to initiate the separation of parts 2 and 3.

[0085] In this separation configuration, the plunger 17 is moved to a position P3 by the pressure generated by the pressure generator 34 in the chamber 35. The position P3 corresponds to a position of the plunger 17 in which it opens fluidic passages 43. The fluidic passages 43 correspond to radially through holes in the connecting spindle 4. They are arranged so as to open, at one end, into the cavity 8 of the part 2 and, at the other end, into the cavity 18 of the connecting spindle 4. More precisely, they open into the cavity 8 at the level of a second chamber 44.

[0086] Room 44, depicted on the figures 3 And 4, corresponds to a free space between the outer wall of the connecting pin 4 and the inner wall of the cavity 8. The chamber 44 is therefore arranged around the connecting pin 4. It is delimited longitudinally by a lateral face 45 of the collar 13 and an edge 46 of the bore 11. The connecting pin 4 is configured to hermetically seal the chamber 44. To do this, the device 1 includes seals (not shown) arranged in grooves 47 and 48 ( figure 3 And figure 4 ), respectively, on the connecting pin 4 and in the cavity 8.

[0087] When the plunger 17 is in position P3, the piston 20 opens the fluid passages 43 so as to allow the fluid generating the pressure in chamber 35 to pass into chamber 44, as illustrated by arrows G on the figure 3 . When the diver 17 is in position P3, the pressure generator 34 is therefore able to generate pressure in chamber 44.

[0088] In the separation configuration, the pressure generator 34 is configured to generate pressure in chamber 44 sufficient to move the connecting pin 4 in the direction S2. Specifically, the pressure in chamber 44 is capable of producing a force on the lateral face 45 of the collar 13, oriented longitudinally in the direction S2. The connecting pin 4 is configured to transmit this force to the balls 25A, forcing them inward along said connecting pin 4, as illustrated by arrows E2 on the diagram. figure 3 To achieve this, the groove 29 has a shape which tends to direct the balls 25A towards the inside of the connecting pin 4 when the latter exerts a force on the balls 25A in the direction S2.

[0089] Depending on the geometry of the connecting pin 4 and the groove 29, the 25A balls can enter themselves towards the connecting pin 4 in the unlocked configuration.

[0090] Furthermore, device 1 is configured so that, when the pressure in chamber 44 reaches a threshold pressure generating a so-called separation force on collar 13, the balls 25A are displaced inside the connecting pin 4, as shown in the figure 4 The separation effort, illustrated by arrows H on the figure 4 This corresponds to an effort that imparts a desired dynamic to the connecting spindle 4. On the one hand, the separation force overcomes friction between the balls 25A and the groove 29, allowing them to enter the openings 26 if necessary. On the other hand, it moves the connecting spindle 4, with varying degrees of energy (in particular, varying speed), until it generates an impact against the stop 42.

[0091] In the embodiment shown of the figure 3 to the figure 4 The stop 42 corresponds to a spring ring 42A. This spring ring 42A is arranged in a groove provided for this purpose in the cavity 8 of part 2. In other embodiments, the stop 42 can be made by other conventional elements allowing to create an obstacle for the connecting pin 4. For example, it can be a particular shape provided on part 3 or an added part such as a ring fixed to part 3.

[0092] Thus, in the separation configuration, parts 2 and 3 are no longer connected and are physically separated from each other. The contact of the connecting pin 4 with the elastic ring 42A creates a shock (of varying intensity) that imparts a longitudinal impulse to part 3 in the direction S2. Under the effect of this shock, part 3 is displaced away from part 2. This shock is specifically designed to move part 3 sufficiently far from part 2 so that the connecting pin 4 is completely removed from the cavity 6. Depending on the application, other forces may contribute to the separation of parts 2 and 3, such as aerodynamic forces or the inertia of parts 2 and 3.

[0093] In the embodiment shown of the figure 1 to the figure 4 The connecting pin 4 is retracted into part 3 after parts 2 and 3 are separated. Therefore, it is the secondary assembly (part 3) that retains the connecting pin 4, not the primary assembly (part 2). This minimizes the mass of the portion of device 1 that remains on part 2 after parts 2 and 3 are separated.

[0094] Furthermore, as depicted on the figure 4 Device 1 is configured so that the connecting pin 4 is fully retracted inside cavity 8 after parts 2 and 3 are separated. In this way, the connecting pin 4 has no part located outside part 3 that could come into contact with external elements or disrupt aerodynamic flow. This feature can be particularly important when separating objects in an airborne or weightless (or pseudo-weightless) environment.

[0095] Device 1, as described above, is therefore a unique device that, by itself, performs at least three functions: It allows parts 2 and 3 to be joined together with a prestress configured to prevent any relative movement between parts 2 and 3; it allows, when an order to control the pressure generator 34 is generated, to separate parts 2 and 3 by releasing them from said prestress; and it allows parts 2 and 3 to be separated by moving them away from each other.

[0096] Furthermore, as schematically represented on the figure 3 and the figure 4 Device 1 includes a movable plug 49 arranged in cavity 6 of part 2. It also includes a compression spring represented schematically by a dotted line 50 on the figure 4 The spring is arranged between a base 51 and the stopper 49 so as to exert an elastic force on said stopper 49, pushing it towards the opening 9 of the cavity 6. For the sake of simplicity in the drawings, the stopper 49 is shown only on the figure 3 and the figure 4 .

[0097] In the locked and unlocked configurations, the device 1 is configured so that the connecting pin 4 is pressed against a face 52 of the plug 49 in order to hold it towards the bottom 51 by compressing the spring.

[0098] In the separation configuration, the device 1 is configured so that the connecting pin 4, moved in the direction S2, releases the plug 49. Under the action of the spring, the plug 49 is then able to be moved towards the mouth 9 so as to close it.

[0099] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the face 52 of the stopper 49 has an aerodynamic shape adapted to the external face 40 of the part 2. This face 52 is configured to fit the shape of the external face 40 when the stopper closes the mouth 9.

[0100] Thus, after the separation of parts 2 and 3, the cavity 6 of part 2 is closed by the plug 49. This prevents external elements from interfering with the cavity 6. Depending on the application considered, this can limit drag effects that may be generated at the cavity 6, or prevent a heat flow from entering the cavity 6 (for example for an atmospheric outlet or inlet).

[0101] In other embodiments, the plug 49 can be configured and / or arranged differently to close the cavity 6. In addition, it can be arranged on either of the parts 2 and 3. The device 1 can also include a plug on each of the parts 2 and 3.

[0102] Specific embodiments of device 1 are described below. The first three embodiments below concern variant embodiments for obtaining the predetermined force required to prestress parts 2 and 3.

[0103] In a first embodiment, represented on the figure 5 The preload to keep parts 2 and 3 pressed against each other is obtained using spring 23A rather than clamping screws 32. Alternatively, this preload can be obtained by other common elements such as spring washers.

[0104] In this first embodiment, the groove 29 of the cavity 6 includes a particular slope 53. Indeed, this slope 53 and the inclined surface 28 of the head 19 of the plunger 17 are configured to allow the spring 23A to hold the balls 25A in the groove 29 while exerting a force on the part 2, as detailed below.

[0105] Device 1 according to this first embodiment is represented in the locked configuration on the figure 5 . In this locked configuration, the lateral face 45 of the collar 13 of the connecting pin 4 is in direct contact with the shoulder 31 of the part 3. In addition, the plunger 17 is held, under the action of an elastic force exerted by the spring 23A in the position P1 in which it holds the balls 25A in the groove 29.

[0106] However, in this first embodiment, position P1 corresponds to a position of the plunger 17 in which the inclined surface 28 of the head 19 is aligned with the openings 26. Indeed, the spring 23A exerts an elastic force on the plunger 17, which is transmitted to the balls 25A via the inclined surface 28. This elastic force moves the balls 25A in the groove 29 until they contact the slope 53. The slope 53 is configured to prevent the balls 25A from exiting. The slope 53 and the inclined surface 28 do not necessarily have the same angle of inclination.

[0107] In this position, the balls 25 are sufficiently displaced in the groove 29 to lock the connecting pin 4 against translation. However, the balls 25A cannot move further because they are blocked by the slope 53. Therefore, in this position, the balls 25A are able to transmit the elastic force of the spring 23A (itself transmitted by the plunger 17) to the part 2, as illustrated by arrows E3 on the figure 5 .

[0108] Furthermore, in this first embodiment, the unlocked configuration and the separation configuration are analogous to those described in the first embodiment presented above.

[0109] In this first embodiment, the characteristics of spring 23A, namely its stiffness and length, allow us to define the predetermined force with which parts 2 and 3 are pressed against each other.

[0110] Thus, in this particular embodiment, the locking of the connecting pin 4 ensuring the function of holding parts 2 and 3 together and the clamping of parts 2 and 3 against each other ensuring the pre-stressing function are obtained by the action of one and the same element, namely the spring 23A.

[0111] In a second embodiment, represented on the figure 6 The preload that allows parts 2 and 3 to be pressed together is achieved by a different arrangement of the clamping screws 32. In this second embodiment, the device 1 includes a rear flange 54 fixed to part 3 on the end side 7 of the connecting pin 4 in the S2 direction. The rear flange 54 has through holes for the clamping screws 32. The clamping screws 32 are arranged through the rear flange 54 so that their threaded ends are screwed into the collar 13 of the connecting pin 4.

[0112] In this way, the clamping screws 32 bear against the rear flange 54 at their screw heads and are screwed into the connecting pin 4. Tightening the clamping screws 32 allows the connecting pin 4 to be pulled in the S2 direction. In the locked configuration shown in the figure 6 The 25A balls have been removed. Therefore, tightening the clamping screws 32 allows parts 2 and 3 to be pressed against each other with a predetermined desired force.

[0113] In a third embodiment, represented on the figure 7 The preload that holds parts 2 and 3 together is obtained using a nut 57 screwed onto the connecting pin 4. In this third embodiment, the connecting pin 4 has an extension 55 at its end 7. This extension 55 has a thread 56 for screwing the nut 57. Furthermore, the nut 57 is configured to bear against a bearing surface 58 of part 3 when screwed onto the thread 56. The device 1 may include an intermediate piece or a washer between the nut 57 and part 3.

[0114] Device 1 is configured so that, by screwing nut 57 into thread 56, it is possible to pull connecting pin 4 in direction S2 against part 3. In the locked configuration shown in the figure 7The 25A balls are out. Therefore, nut 57 allows, by pulling the connecting pin 4, parts 2 and 3 to be pressed against each other with a desired predetermined force.

[0115] In another particular embodiment (not shown), the device 1 is configured to obtain a greater shock when the connecting pin 4 comes into contact with the elastic ring 42A. This powerful shock is achieved by generating a significant separation force to propel the connecting pin 4 against the elastic ring 42A. To accomplish this, the device 1 is configured so that the plunger 17, when displaced by the pressure generated by the pressure generator 34 in the chamber 35, reaches position P3 before reaching position P2. In other words, the fluid passages 43 are opened by the plunger 17 while the connecting pin 4 is still locked by the balls 25A. This allows the pressure in the chamber 44 to increase without the connecting pin 4 being displaced. A greater separation force can therefore be obtained.

[0116] Device 1 is configured so that the plunger 17 is moved to position P2 when the pressure in chamber 44 is sufficient to generate a separation force of the desired intensity. When the plunger 17 is in position P2, the connecting pin 4 is unlocked and can be moved against the elastic ring 42A, producing a sharp impact.

[0117] Thus, it is possible to obtain a device 1 with a movement of the connecting pin 4, and therefore a separation of parts 2 and 3, which is suitable for the application under consideration. Indeed, depending on the embodiment envisaged, the positions P2 and P3 of the plunger 17 can be configured to obtain a more or less rapid and abrupt retraction of the connecting pin 4, generating a more or less powerful shock.

[0118] For example, one of parts 2 and 3 may contain equipment sensitive to shocks and / or strong vibrations, such as electronic equipment. Device 1 allows for a separable connection with a reduced shock level, so that this equipment is not damaged or disrupted during the separation of parts 2 and 3. Conversely, if parts 2 and 3 are insensitive to shocks and / or vibrations, it is possible to provide a device 1 configured to separate parts 2 and 3 by moving them more abruptly and rapidly away from each other. The separation achieved by such a device 1 would, however, remain less abrupt than separations achieved by detonation (for example, by an explosive nut).

[0119] Furthermore, in alternative embodiments (not shown), the locking elements 25 correspond to other common elements than the balls 25A. Depending on the alternative embodiment envisaged, it is possible to obtain bearing surfaces between the locking elements 25 and the groove 29 capable of withstanding greater or lesser maximum locking forces.

[0120] In a first variant, the locking elements 25 correspond to rollers or barrels. Furthermore, the groove 29 has a shape adapted so that, in the locked configuration, the rollers or barrels have a linear bearing in said groove 29.

[0121] In a second variant, the locking elements 25 correspond to wedges or keys. Furthermore, the groove 29 has a shape adapted so that, in the locked configuration, the wedges or keys have a surface bearing surface in said groove 29.

[0122] Within the framework of the present invention, the device 1 as described above is capable of implementing a method for joining and separating (hereinafter referred to as the method) parts 2 and 3. In a particular embodiment, described below, the method is implemented by a single device 1. In other embodiments, the method can be implemented by a plurality of devices 1.

[0123] The method is designed to allow the separation of parts 2 and 3, which are joined together by device 1 in the locked configuration. To achieve this, the method comprises a unlocking step and a separation step, implemented successively.

[0124] Prior to the unlocking and separation steps, the process may include a joining step. This joining step consists of joining parts 2 and 3 together using a device 1.

[0125] First, parts 2 and 3 are brought together so that cavities 6 and 8 are aligned. The connecting pin 4 is then inserted into cavity 8 of part 3 and slid in direction S1 so that its end 5 fits into cavity 6 of part 2. To allow the connecting pin 4 to slide into part 2, the plunger 17 is manually moved so that the balls 25A can be inserted into the openings 26. The connecting pin 4 can then be slid in direction S1 until the openings 26 are aligned with the groove 29. When this is the case, the plunger 17 is released and, under the action of spring 23A, it moves and holds the balls 25A in the groove 29.

[0126] Once the balls 25A are in the groove 29, the clamping screws 32 are tightened to bear against the shoulder 31 of part 3. The connecting pin 4 is then pulled in direction S2, driving part 2, via the balls 25A, against part 3. The clamping screws 32 are then tightened to achieve the desired predetermined force, pressing parts 2 and 3 together. Thus, parts 2 and 3 are rigidly joined together with a preload.

[0127] At a predetermined time, for example when certain conditions are met, parts 2 and 3 are separated from each other. To do this, the unlocking step is first implemented. This step consists of commanding the pressure generator 34 to generate pressure in the chamber 35. Preferably, the pressure generator 34 is controlled by an automatically generated command. The pressure generated in the chamber 35 then moves the plunger 17 to position P2, which releases the balls 25A. The release of the balls 25A allows them to enter the openings 26 to unlock the connecting pin 4. Once the unlocking step is complete, parts 2 and 3 are released from the preload and are no longer held together.

[0128] The separation step is implemented after the unlocking step. In this separation step, the plunger 17 is moved to position P3 by the pressure generated in chamber 35. The plunger 17 then opens the fluid passages 43 between chamber 35 and chamber 44. The fluid generating the pressure in chamber 35 is thus able to pass into chamber 44 and generate pressure there. The pressure in chamber 44 moves the connecting pin 4 in the S2 direction since it is now unlocked. The connecting pin 4, under the action of the pressure in chamber 44, is moved until it comes into contact with the elastic ring 42A. The impact produced by this contact causes the separation of parts 2 and 3 by moving part 3 away from part 2.

[0129] In one particular embodiment, the process is designed to achieve a more pronounced separation of parts 2 and 3. To this end, the unlocking step and the separation step vary as detailed below.

[0130] The unlocking step consists of generating pressure in chamber 44 before unlocking the connecting pin 4. To do this, from the locked configuration, the pressure generator 34 is activated to generate pressure in chamber 35. Initially, the pressure in chamber 35 moves the plunger 17 to position P3, where it opens the fluid passages 43. The fluid in chamber 35 then flows into chamber 44, generating pressure. Since the connecting pin 4 is still locked, it is not moved by the pressure in chamber 44. Consequently, the pressure in chamber 44 increases.

[0131] Subsequently, the pressure in chamber 35 increases, moving the plunger 17 to position P2. In this position P2, the plunger 17 releases the balls 25A, which unlock the connecting pin 4. The connecting pin 4 is then propelled rapidly and forcefully against the elastic ring 42A. Because the pressure in chamber 44 has increased, the separation force propelling the connecting pin 4 is greater. Consequently, the impact against the elastic ring 42A is also greater.

[0132] Device 1, as described above, is a compact device suitable for a wide variety of applications. Indeed, it features a simple architecture and kinematics that can be adapted to numerous systems, including flying and / or spacecraft such as rockets, or weapon systems such as missiles. In particular, it can be integrated into a vehicle independently; that is, it requires only a command to operate.

[0133] Furthermore, device 1 is a single-use ("one-shot" in English) device that can be quickly commanded and is fully embedded. In addition, it can be easily reset by an external action, particularly manually.

[0134] In a rocket application, device 1 can be used to connect and disconnect rocket components in flight. Rockets typically include elements such as stages, boosters, and / or fairings that are only useful during liftoff and / or the initial phases of flight. Once they are no longer needed, these elements must be detached in flight to reduce the rocket's weight.

[0135] In a missile application, device 1 can be used to link and separate elements such as a booster in flight. It can also be used to link and separate a missile and a container, or a missile and a ground or flight firing interface.

[0136] Device 1, as described above, offers numerous advantages. In particular: It allows, with a unique device, to ensure: the holding of parts 2 and 3 against each other with a pre-stress, the separation of said parts 2 and 3.and their separation; it allows for a pre-stress to link parts 2 and 3 which is easily adjustable; depending on the embodiment envisaged, it includes locking elements 25 adapted to a greater or lesser holding force of parts 2 and 3; depending on the embodiment envisaged, it allows for a separation of parts 2 and 3 which is more or less clear and abrupt; it allows for limiting the undesirable effects related to the connecting pin 4 and the cavities 6 and 8 after the separation of parts 2 and 3 (contact between the connecting pin 4 and external elements, drag effects for a flying machine); it allows for minimizing the mass carried on the main assembly (part 2) after the separation of parts 2 and 3; it has a robust, single-use design allowing for a reliable device; and it has a simple and compact design which makes it easy to integrate into various systems.

Claims

1. A separable connection device for the separable connection of two parts, said connection device (1) comprising a connecting pin (4) configured so as to be able to be arranged, at least partially, in a first cavity (6) of a first of said parts (2) and in a second cavity (8) of the second of said parts (3), said connecting pin (4) being able to hold said parts (2, 3) securely together and to separate them, wherein the connection device (1) comprises a movable plunger (17) arranged in the connecting pin (4) and a pressure generator (34) able to be controlled and configured to generate a pressure, said connection device (1) being configured to be able to assume the following configurations in succession: - a so-called locked configuration, wherein the plunger (17), held by an elastic element (23), acts on locking elements (25) which lock the connecting pin (4) between the two parts (2, 3), said connecting pin (4) being configured to exert a predetermined force on said parts (2, 3) by pressing them against each other when it is locked by the locking elements (25); - a so-called unlocked configuration, wherein the plunger (17), moved by a pressure generated by the pressure generator (34) in a first chamber (35), releases the locking elements (25) so as to unlock the connecting pin (4) and release the two parts (2, 3) from the predetermined force exerted by said connecting pin (4); and - a so-called separation configuration, wherein the plunger (17), moved by the pressure generated by the pressure generator (34) in the first chamber (35), opens at least one fluid passage (43) between said first chamber (35) and a second chamber (44) so as to allow the fluid in the first chamber (35) to pass into the second chamber (44) and transfer there the pressure generated by the pressure generator (34), the connecting pin (4) being able to be moved by said pressure in the second chamber (44) until generating an impact on an abutment (42) arranged on one of said parts (2, 3) so as to initiate the separation of the two parts (2, 3).

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises: - in the first cavity (6), a groove (29) able to receive the locking elements (25), said locking elements (25) being held in said groove (29) by a head (19) of the plunger (17), in the locked configuration, so as to lock the connecting pin (4) longitudinally in a first direction (S1); and - in the second cavity (8), a shoulder (31) able to receive at least a portion of the connecting pin (4) in abutment, said connecting pin (4) being held against said shoulder (31), in the locked configuration, so as to lock the connecting pin (4) longitudinally in a second direction (S2), opposite to the first direction (S1).

3. The device according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the second cavity (8) of the second part (3) comprises the second chamber (44), said second chamber (44) corresponding to a free space formed between an outer wall of the connecting pin (4) and an inner wall of the cavity (8).

4. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises at least one tightening screw (42) able to be screwed into the connecting pin (4) and to bear on the second part (3), in the locked configuration, so as to obtain the predetermined force pressing the first part (2) and the second part (3) against each other, the tightening of the tightening screw (42) allowing to adjust said predetermined force.

5. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises a nut (57) configured to be screwed onto a thread (56) of an extension (55) of the connecting pin (4) while bearing against the part (3), in the locked configuration, so as to obtain the predetermined force pressing the first part (2) and the second part (3) against each other, the tightening of the nut (57) allowing to adjust said predetermined force.

6. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the groove (29) comprises a slope (53) and the plunger (17) comprises an inclined surface (28), said slope (53) and said inclined surface (28) being configured so that, in the locked configuration, the plunger (17) acts on the locking elements (25), under the action of an elastic force exerted by the elastic element (23), so as to hold said locking elements (25) in the groove (29) while transmitting said elastic force to one of the two parts (2, 3), via the inclined surface (28) and said slope (53), so as to press said parts (2, 3) against each other with the predetermined force, the characteristics of the elastic element (23) allowing to define said predetermined force.

7. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fluid passage or passages (43) between the first chamber (35) and the second chamber (44) are arranged so that, when the plunger (17) is moved under the effect of the pressure generated by the pressure generator (34), said plunger (17) opens said fluid passages (43) after it has released the locking elements (25).

8. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fluid passage or passages (43) between the first chamber (35) and the second chamber (44) are arranged so that, when the plunger (17) is moved under the effect of the pressure generated by the pressure generator (34), said plunger (17) opens said fluid passages (43) before it has released the locking elements (25).

9. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fluid passage or passages (43) between the first chamber (35) and the second chamber (44) are arranged so that, when the plunger (17) is moved under the effect of the pressure generated by the pressure generator (34), said plunger (17) opens said fluid passages (43) substantially at the same time as it releases the locking elements (25).

10. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the locking elements (25) correspond to balls (25A) and in that, in the locked configuration, the connection device (1) is configured to obtain a point contact between said balls (25A) and one of the first and second parts (2, 3) able to lock the connecting pin (4).

11. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the locking elements (25) correspond to one of the following elements, rollers or barrels, and in that, in the locked configuration, the connection device (1) is configured to obtain a linear contact between said locking elements (25) and one of the first and second parts (2, 3) able to lock the connecting pin (4).

12. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the locking elements (25) correspond to one of the following elements, wedges or keys, and in that, in the locked configuration, the connection device (1) is configured to obtain a surface contact between said locking elements (25) and one of the first and second parts (2, 3) able to lock the connecting pin (4).

13. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the pressure generator (34) corresponds to one of the following fluid-generating systems: a pyrotechnic gas-generating cartridge, a fluid-generating cartridge, a pneumatic system, a hydraulic system.

14. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that at least one of the first and second parts (2, 3) comprises a movable cap (49) configured to close, in the separation configuration, a mouth (9, 10) of the first cavity (6) or of the second cavity (8), said cap (49) comprising a face (52) provided with an aerodynamic shape able to match an external surface (40, 41) of the first part (2) or of the second part (3).

15. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, in the separation configuration, the connecting pin (4) is fully retracted within either the first or second cavities (6,8).

16. A flying craft and / or spacecraft comprising at least two parts, characterized in that it comprises at least one connection device according to any one of claims 1 to 15 for connecting said parts together.

17. A method for separating two parts connected together by means of at least one connection device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein, starting from a locked configuration wherein the two parts (2, 3) are securely connected together by the connection device (1), said method (P) comprises, in order to separate the two parts (2, 3), at least the following sequence of steps implemented successively: - an unlocking step consisting of controlling the pressure generator (34) to generate a pressure in the first chamber (35) so as to move the plunger (17) in order to release the locking elements (25) to unlock the connecting pin (4) and release the two parts (2, 3) from the predetermined force; and - a separation step, implemented after the unlocking step, wherein the plunger (17), moved by the pressure generated by the pressure generator (34), opens the fluid passage or passages (43) between the first chamber (35) and the second chamber (44), so as to allow the fluid in the first chamber (35) to pass into the second chamber (44) and transfer there the pressure generated by the pressure generator (34), the connecting pin (4) being able to be moved by said pressure inside the second chamber (44) until it generates an impact on an abutment (42) arranged on one of the two parts (2, 3) to initiate the separation of said two parts (2, 3).