Draw and buffer device for rail vehicles with central buffer coupling

Description

[0001] Draw and buffer device for rail vehicles with central buffer coupling The invention relates to draw and buffer devices for Rail vehicles with central buffer coupling and particularly concerns rubber-sprung draw and buffer devices.

[0002] The invention relates to an improved, self-compensating pulling and pushing device which automatically compensates for irregularities The clutch housing length is adjusted in the egg-shaped housing and the yoke surrounding this housing. This device automatically separates the The entire free play between the yoke, device, and housing is made up of [unclear text].

[0003] A further aim of the invention is a compensating tension and impact device consisting of a novel arrangement of groups of It is constructed with rubber pressure pads and corresponding end caps.

[0004] According to the invention, a pulling and pushing device is provided which is connected to a coupling yoke and positioned between the stops is installed in a housing and is normally in contact with these stops and held under pressure by them. main padding and at least one arranged between the main padding and the yoke and protected from contact by the yoke secondary or compensatory pad held against the impacts and under less pressure than the main pad. exhibits parts of this secondary padding extending laterally from the yoke and overlapping, but not touching, the associated stops. are arranged.

[0005] According to the invention, a pulling and pushing device for assembly with a yoke and between the stops of a The housing is provided with separate end caps for engagement with the mounting points of a housing, with elastic clamps acting between the caps. With!t#--ls. where. each of these lids has a transverse stop, the outer surface of which is cylindrical around the transverse, The horizontal center line of the coupling is formed, a member with a cylindrical surface for engaging the surface of the covers, wherein the The member is displaceable along the cylinder surfaces with respect to the cover, and has elastic means at each end of the device which oppose the limb and one end of an associated yoke are effective.

[0006] The invention is further directed to a coupling and impact device which is to be assembled with a yoke and between the front and is suitable for rear stops of a housing and- a middle pad with end caps that -'the pad under a certain Maintain initial pressure when the device is between the front and rear stops, and has other pads that are connected to the covers are engaged and arranged in such a way that they are under a certain initial pressure between the front and rear are held in place by stops in the yoke, whereby they are under a lower initial pressure than the middle pad and the end caps. have surrounding edge parts.

[0007] Finally, the invention relates to a device with a rear cushion, with lids for compressing the rear cushion, wherein these covers engage with the front and rear stops of a housing and, the covers to The engagement with the front stops has a base part that engages with the front end of the padding, and with right-angled are provided with edge parts that extend in front of this base part; the ends of these edge parts are suitable for engagement with the front Stops of the housing. The device according to the invention further comprises secondary cushions, which are supported by these edge parts, and a The movable cover, supported by the outer parts, engages with the front stop of the yoke, with the secondary pad against the The base and the movable lid are effective.

[0008] f. For a better understanding of the invention, it is described with reference to the drawings. Fig. i shows a horizontal longitudinal section through a device according to the invention, Fig. i a side view, partially in section, of the device according to Fig. i, Fig. 3 is a view according to Fig. 1, however, the device is subjected to tensile forces; Fig. 4 is a partial side view of the device, as in Fig. 1. 3 is subjected to a tensile force, Fig. 5 a diagram of the load characteristic curve of the device according to the invention, Fig. 6 a top view, partially in Section of a modified embodiment according to the invention, Fig. 7 a side view, partially in section, of the device according to Fig. 6, Fig. 8 a section along line 8-8 of Fig. 7 seen in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 9 a section along line 9-9 of Fig. 7 seen in the direction of the arrow, Fig. Fig. 1 shows a partial section along line 10-10 of Fig. 6 seen in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 2 shows a partial section along line i ii i of Fig. 9 in the direction of the arrow. Fig. i2 shows a top view, partly in section, of another embodiment according to the invention, Fig. 13 shows a perspective view. The embodiment according to Fig. 12, Fig. 14 shows a top view, partly in section, of a pulling and pushing device according to the invention, wherein the Device for use on a standard American freight car (with AAR standard vertical plane horizontal key yoke), Fig. r5 Side view of the device according to Fig. 14, Fig. 16 a top view showing the first stage of compression of the tension and compression device as a result of a slight compressive force, Fig. 17 a top view showing the second stage of compression as a result of a stronger compressive force, Fig. 18 a diagram showing the tensile and compressive characteristics of the device according to Figs. 14 to 17, Fig. 19 a perspective view of one of the End cap of the device, with part of the yoke shown in dashed lines, Fig. 20 a perspective view of one of the Side cover of the device, Fig. 21 an end view of the end cover, showing the way the end cover is installed in the yoke. Fig. 22 is a top view, partially in section, of a further modified embodiment according to the invention, Fig. 23 is a side view, partially In section, the modified embodiment according to Fig. 22, Fig. 24 a top view, partly in section, of another modified embodiment. According to the invention, Fig. 25 is a side view of the embodiment according to Fig. 24, Fig. 26 is a diagram showing the tensile and compressive characteristics. Device according to Figs. 24 and 25 shows, Fig. 27 shows a top view, partly in section, of another pulling and pushing device according to the invention in its application on a freight wagon. of usual American design, Fig. 28 a side view, partly in section, of the pulling and pushing device according to the invention according to Fig. 27, Fig. 29 a section through the pulling and pushing device according to the invention in a partially compressed state, Fig. 30 a perspective view View of the adjustment cover of the train coupling, Fig. 31 a diagram showing the tensile and compressive characteristics of the device according to Figs. 27 to 30, Fig. 32 shows a perspective view of the end cap in its position in the yoke, with part of the yoke indicated by dashed lines. Fig. 33 shows a cross-section through the end cap, illustrating the manner of assembly of the end cap with the yoke. Fig. 34 shows a side view, partially in section, illustrating a preferred method for inserting the pulling and pushing device according to the invention and The yoke arrangement is shown in the housing of the device, Fig. 35 shows a cross-section along line 35-35 of Fig. 34, and Fig. 36 shows a section through the The inventive pulling and pushing device, which shows means that lead to another method for inserting the device and the yoke arrangement to be used in the housing.

[0009] With reference to the drawings and in particular to Figs. i and 2, the usual carriage underframe is indicated in i; a the Housing 3 receiving the pulling and pushing device has rear stops 2 and front stops 4 and a pulling and pushing device a surrounding yoke 6, which may be of conventional design. The shaft 7 is preferably connected to the yoke via an intermediate link 9, which It allows both a vertical and a horizontal angle adjustment of the carriage coupling located at the free end of the shaft 7.

[0010] The middle or main cushion 8 preferably consists of a series of pressure cushions io, each consisting of a metal plate, on which a rubber pad is applied: - The surface of these rubber pads is grooved (Fig. 2), as it has been found that this type of Rubber pads combine highly desirable printing properties with a high degree of durability and robustness. Between these Pressure pads io contain spacer plates 12, but their use is optional. They serve to reinforce the rubber pads underneath. high pressure loads and to prevent stress between the rubber pads and the plates attached to them. Between each At the end of the main pressure cushion 8 and the tension or compression stops 2 and 4 there is a cover 14, which is generally box-shaped. is formed and its open ends face the drawbar and buffer stops 2 and 4, respectively. The covers have side walls 16, a ceiling wall 18, a floor 20 and a terminal end wall 22. The side walls are provided with reinforcements 24, which are normally in contact with stops 2 and 4. The end wall 22 of each cover has a surface 23 at the cushions and extends across the entire width of the draw and buffer device between the longitudinal beams of the carriage underframe, while the The side walls 16 are offset inwards from the outer edges of the wall 22, forming a shoulder or flange 26. which extends from top to bottom on each side of the lid. The shoulders 26 serve to temporarily shorten the pulling and pushing device. for easy installation of the same in the yoke and the clutch housing.

[0011] In the box-shaped end cover 14 there is a series of secondary or compensating rubber pads 28, which in their Awfbau. The main cushions are similar, but smaller in size and capacity. The cushions 28 lie on one side against the inner surface. 30 of the end wall 22 of the cover 14 and with the other end against a movable cover 32 at each end of the pull or Impact device. The movable cover 32 serves as a closure for the open end of the cover 14 and is mounted such that it moves with respect to the The lid 14 can move along the device so that it compresses the secondary rubber pads 28. In the normal or neutral position of the In this device, the cover 32 lies directly against the rear stop wall 34 of the yoke 6, while the cover 32 at the other end the device rests directly against the front wall of the yoke 6 or against the rear end of the coupling shaft 7, depending on the yoke used. In the arrangement shown in Figs. i and 2, the cover rests against an end surface 36 of a block 38, which is in The front end of the yoke 6 is located. The front surface 39 of the cover 32, which engages with the block 38, can be accessed over a portion of its surface. as in 40, to reduce the weight of the casting, because their total surface area is in contact with the yoke or the A coupling shaft is not necessary.

[0012] It can be seen that in Fig. i, which shows a pull and push device housing for a modern, American The passenger car design shows that the front and rear stops 4 and 2 respectively are offset from the vertical longitudinal center plane of the car by this much extend inwards so that they sufficiently overlap the covers 32. In the neutral position of the device as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, have Lid. 32 from the stops 4 or 2, for example at 42, a distance to allow for expansion of the secondary cushions 2$ during operation of the To permit the device.

[0013] Figures 6 and 7 show a modified embodiment of the device according to the invention, as it is particularly suitable for Suitable for wagon couplings with a tension lock or locking mechanism, where the coupling sits on springs to keep it vertical in its angular position. to be adjustable. In such an arrangement, the coupling shaft 44 is directly mounted by means of a vertical pivot pin 46. which allows a horizontal angular adjustment of the coupling. In this embodiment, the inner surface 48 of the end wall 50 of the The end cap 52 is cylindrically curved, and the center line of this cylindrical curvature coincides with the transverse center line of the coupling. together. Between surface 48 and the secondary rubber pads 54 there is a filler piece 56, which corresponds to surface 48. and has a cylindrical surface 5$ in contact with it and an outer surface 60 for engagement with the secondary rubber cushions. The side walls 62 of the lids are recessed on their inner sides at 64 for a cylindrical bearing surface 66, which is concentric to the surface 48 are.,A movable cover 68 between the rubber pads 54 and the yoke stops 70 and 72 is equipped with lateral extensions 74, which are received by the recesses 64 and are provided with cylindrical surfaces 76 corresponding to the surfaces 66. Surfaces 76 are, as with 78, separated from surfaces 66 in the neutral position of the device, but can engage with them in order to to limit the compression of the cushions 54. As in the previously described embodiment, the movable covers are separated from the Stops 2 and 4 are separated by a distance as in 80, so that the pads 54 can expand during operation of the device. This arrangement allows for a vertical angular adjustment of the yoke 82 with the covers 68, the pads 54 and the filler pieces 56 around the The central part of the device contains the main cushions 84 and the covers 52. It can be seen that the main cushions 84 and the covers 52 are attached. Oscillating movement is prevented due to the tight engagement of these covers with the front and rear projections, whereby the cushions are under considerable initial pressure after being installed in the coupling housing.

[0014] In this embodiment, the yoke 82 sits on a yoke support 90, which is arranged such that it is adjusted vertically at an angle of the yoke pivots with it. As can be seen from Figs. 9 and ii, the support 90 terminates at each end in a semicircular tenon x 92-,- which is mounted in a bearing 94 for the execution of a limited pivoting movement, and which is attached to the sleeper flange 96. Between the The bearings - 94 and the sleeper flanges 96 are, -as can be seen from Fig. 9, the support strips .98 are accommodated, which extend over the length of the The housing extends and serves to mount the tension and impact device independently of the yoke. The central part of the support is concave. provided with a curved bearing surface ioo, which engages with a correspondingly curved surface io2 on the underside of the yoke to form a To allow pivoting movement of the yoke around its central longitudinal axis.

[0015] According to Figures i and 2, bores 104 and 106 are provided in the end caps and the movable caps, which are connected to each other. They are in alignment when the movable covers compress the secondary rubber pads to such an extent that they are approximately at their original height. Insert into the carriage; have. Pins can be temporarily inserted into these openings to secure the auxiliary units during the insertion of the Pre-extension to hold the yoke together.

[0016] The aforementioned mounting devices for the auxiliary units and the clamping flanges 26 on both sides of the cushions allow the Use of assembly clamps by which the device is held at a certain length and easily inserted into the yoke and then with this, it can be installed in the housing: A suitable clamp, such as the one shown in Fig. 2, indicated by the dashed line 108 As indicated, it can be used to hold the main cushion 8 in its compressed state during installation.

[0017] In the embodiment according to the invention as shown in Figs. 12 and 13, the lid iio is fitted with lateral extensions at its corners. ii2 provided, which engage the extensions 114 of the end cover 116-. -oversp@eizen. The The outer surfaces 118 of the extensions 112 are against the plane of the yoke or the surface i2o of the cover that engages with the shaft. iio is reset so that in the neutral or loose position of the device these extensions are in front of the front and rear stops. A small piece, preferably approximately 1 cm, protrudes forward, as indicated at i22 in Fig. 12. The extensions 112 serve, in addition to engagement, with the stops of the housing to limit the expansion of the secondary pads also for guiding and supporting the cover iio with regard to the Lid 1 16. This embodiment is preferable if the front or rear stops extend less to the side than is the case in as indicated in Figs. i to 4. For example, in Fig. 12, the front stops 124 do not project sufficiently laterally; to the main part Q26 to overlap the lid iio. Fig.@i2 shows a distinct freight car or galley design, where the coupling shaft with the yoke wedged, is and whose end surface 128 is in engagement with the surface 126 of the lid iio. When compressed to the normal installation length, each secondary cushion unit in the various illustrated embodiments is positioned according to The invention is subjected to a pressure load of approximately 400 kg. The main or middle cushion rests on its normal position when compressed. Installation length under a load of approximately 230 kg. This load acts partially directly against the front and rear stops. of the clutch housing and partially up to 3400 kg via the auxiliary cushion units to both ends of the yoke. It can be seen that the The coupling is held tightly in the housing and also in the yoke, regardless of any changes in length to which these parts are subject. The yoke assumes a position in which the pressure on the anterior side pad balances the pressure on the posterior side pad, and even a very slight tensile or compressive force on the yoke causes it to move, with one secondary pad expanding while the other is compressed.

[0018] According to Figures 3 and 4, the coupling is shown partially compressed under tensile load. The coupling stop wall 34 of the The yoke transfers this tensile load to the rear cover 32, causing it to compress the secondary rubber pads 28. If the Moving the yoke and the clutch forward, the front auxiliary pad expands until its cover 32 passes through the clearance (Fig. i) at 42. has and comes into contact with the front stops 4, which prevent further expansion of this pad. When the tensile load As the pressure increases and the rear cushion is compressed, its resistance increases accordingly, and when it exceeds the original pressure Once the pressure on the main cushion 8 is equal, it is compressed in series with the secondary cushion. As soon as the main cushion 8 is compressed, The extensions 2#q of the rear end cap 16 lose contact with the rear stops a, as shown in i29 in Fig. 3. This is indicated. With a further increase in tensile load, the secondary and main cushions are compressed further together in a row. until the rear cover 32 comes into direct contact with the end cover. The cover 32 is provided with stops 130 which are connected with the end surfaces 132. on the ceilings4 and bottom walls 18 and 20 of the end cover 16 can come into contact, thereby causing a further Compression of the secondary rubber pads is prevented. A further increase in the load on the clutch leads to further... Sole compression of the main cushion B. In the case of an impact load, the sequence of effects occurring is the same as in a Tensile load only in the reverse direction.

[0019] Fig. 5 shows a diagram of the load characteristic curve of the tensile and impact device according to the invention. The curve section A shows the impact or Tension range, in which the secondary cushions act alone. At the end of this range, their resistance to initial compression is equal to the The main cushion is installed. When the device is compressed over the area of ​​the curved section B, the secondary and main cushions are compressed. pressed together in a row. At the end of this area, the cover 32 came into contact with the end cover 14, and The further effect of the secondary cushion ceases, which finally leads to the compression of the clutch according to zone C of the diagram. the main cushion alone is effective. The pulling and pushing device according to the invention therefore exhibits the following three-stage effect when pushed or pulled: Level A = only a secondary cushion is used; Level B = a secondary cushion and the main cushion work together; Level C = only the main cushion is used Main cushion. Normally, in a typical American passenger car, the tensile load on the drawbar and buffer gear is less as 22.7 t at the front of the train. Under these circumstances, the load occurs in stages A and B. In the diagram, this is represented by the letter D. The entire range of this stage is indicated. When starting a heavy train, and especially when shocks occur as a result of rough handling, The device is compressed either by impact or by pulling beyond area B into area C.

[0020] It is self-evident that the mode of operation shown in Figs. 6 and 7 and in Figs. 12 and 13 is the same under both tension and compression. The modified embodiments shown, according to the invention, are similar in mode of operation to the embodiment according to the invention. Fig. i to 4 is.

[0021] Although certain numbers may be specified as desirable for the initial pressure of the secondary and main cushions are; it is self-evident that these particular values ​​are not essential for the functioning of the device. The various parts of the The pulling and pushing device, the yoke and the housing are subject to manufacturing inaccuracies, and such deviations affect the space available for the rubber pads, which leads to deviations from the values ​​mentioned above. The essential requirement is that that in the loosest state permitted by the tolerances and deviations in the rubber cushions, the secondary cushions are under pressure standing, which maintains at least a tight fit of the device in the yoke, while at the same time the main padding is under a stronger The compression should be greater than that of the secondary cushions. On the other hand, the initial compression of the main cushion should be less. than the load required to compress both side pads to the point where the stops 130 on the side covers with come into contact with the surfaces 132 on the end cover 14. Diesel locomotives equipped with the American standard AAR train coupler are specified. The drawings show the separate The center rails 20 of a wagon and a housing 2i2 formed from these rails are shown, as well as the front train stops 2z4 and the The rear pressure stops 2z6 are indicated. The usual buffer casting 218 is attached to the rails 20, with the inner ends of the The casting forms the front stops 214 of the coupling housing. A yoke known per se is designated 220 (it corresponds to an American standard AAR vertical plane horizontal key yoke (known as the Y-40). The shaft 222 of the non The drawn wagon coupling is connected to the yoke by a horizontal wedge 224 of conventional design, which extends transversely through the slots 226 in the center rails 20 and upper side walls 228 of the buffer casting. The slots 226 are so long that their ends never reach the wedge. 224 are engaged during the pulling and pushing movements of the device and the yoke. The slot 230 in the coupling shaft is preferably slightly longer than the wedge is 224 wide, resulting in a clearance at 232 between the wedge and the front end of the slot when the device is in its neutral position according to Fig. 14.

[0022] The end caps 234 of the device engage with the front and rear stops 2i4_ and 2i6. Between the transverse The extending stop walls 236 of the end cover are pressed together by a group 237 of rubber pads 238, which form the main or The device forms a central cushion, each rubber cushion consisting of a metal plate onto which a rubber cover cushion is applied. The surface of the rubber is grooved, as it has been found that this type of rubber padding has very good pressure properties with a high degree of durability. Combining durability and ruggedness.

[0023] Each end cover 234 carries a secondary cover 124o, and between each secondary cover and the stop 236 of the end cover There is another group 242, of rubber cushions 238.

[0024] As can be seen most clearly from Fig. rg, each end cap 234 has the wall 236 and a pair of right-angled bracket parts 244. on the rails Zio. The brackets 244 are formed by separate, horizontally extending, load-bearing arms 246, which are attached to extend to the lateral ends of the base part 236, and through the vertical connecting parts 248 with attack surfaces 249 for the pull stops added.

[0025] In the bracket 244 of each end cover, the cover 24o is arranged, which according to Fig. 2o consists of a grating part 125o and a yoke engagement part 252. consists of a base part 250, which is held at a distance by webs 254. The dimensions of the cover 240 are such that it extends transversely through the bracket of the end cap 234 can be inserted during the assembly of the device. If the outer parts 25oa of the The lid 24o engages with the inner surfaces 256 of the parts 248 of the end cover 234, as can be seen on the right side of Fig. 17. The distance between surface 258 on the base part 250 and surface 260 of the wall 236 is slightly greater than the thickness of group 242. Secondary cushions in their unloaded position. This allows the secondary cushions between the covers 240 and the end covers 234 to be easily removed. insert.

[0026] It should be noted that the horizontal arms 246 of each bracket 244 have a sufficient vertical distance to accommodate rubber pads. to use the same dimensions in the secondary cushions of the device as in the main cushion, so that a greater suspension capacity 'This is achieved as if smaller pads were used in the auxiliary units. This arrangement is achieved without increasing the thickness of the The end cap 1234 is made possible by overlapping the sides of the yoke bands 262 with the arms 246 of the end cap. The yoke bands 262 are thus recessed into the end caps.

[0027] The tension and push device is arranged in the yoke as follows: The rear end cap 234 is placed between the yoke straps 262 is inserted in the manner shown in Fig. 2i and then rotated into the correct position. The corresponding cover 240 is then placed transversely through the The bracket 244 of the end cap 234 is inserted and moved backwards until its part 25oa engages with the surfaces 256 of the end cap 234. This is followed by the insertion of group 242 of the secondary rubber pads between the cover 240 and the end cover 1234, and this arrangement moved to the rear end of the yoke. The other end cap 234 is inserted into the yoke in a similar manner, its corresponding Lid 24o was placed in its position and both lids were moved to the front end of the yoke without an intermediate rubber pad. When Next, the main cushion 237 is inserted between the two end caps 234 and the arrangement of yoke and pull and push device is assembled. Without the second group of secondary rubber pads, the yoke is placed upright in a press with the rear end facing upwards. Pressure is then applied to the Surfaces 249 of the front end cover 234 are applied so that the main cushion and the rear secondary cushion are pressed together, until the total length of the device, measured across the surfaces 249 of the front and rear end caps, is slightly less than the length of the housing, which in the case of a profile common in America (the American standard AAR train coupling housing) is approximately 62 cm. The front group of side cushions can then be freely inserted between the front ceiling124o and the front end cover234. While the assembly is in the press, metal blocks or Other suitable filler pieces can be inserted between the yoke and one of the 240 lids to keep the device compressed. The pulling and pushing device and the yoke can then be removed from the press and the assembly easily lifted into the housing in the carriage. whereupon the usual yoke mounting plate 264 is attached to the carriage frame 20.

[0028] The placement of the blocks depends on the type of yoke used. In the case of the Y-4o yoke shown in Figures 14 to 17 The blocks can be positioned between the rear edges 266 of the yoke cap and the shoulders 267 on the central rib 254 of the front side cover 24o to be attached as shown in the dashed lines at 268 in Fig. 17. This allows the coupling shaft and its fastening wedge to be attached. They can be freely positioned. If the device receives an impact during operation, the blocks are released and fall out of the arrangement.

[0029] In the pulling and pushing device according to the invention, it is important that the number of rubber pads in each group is selected in such a way that the The distances between the various covers are maintained such that each secondary rubber pad, in its installed position according to Fig. 14, is under a less preload than the main pad. Although three pads are shown in each subgroup and eight pads in the main group, It goes without saying that this is only for illustrative purposes and that the number may depend on the properties of the materials used. The padding can be changed. The preload for each group of secondary rubber pads can, for example, be approximately 3150 kg, and the preload for the The mean or main:ptpdls.ter should be approximately 1250 kg. These particular values ​​can vary over a considerable range, whereby the The essential requirement is that, regardless of any manufacturing tolerances, the main cushions must have more preload than the secondary cushions. Some settling or flowing of the rubber must be expected, and corresponding deductions must of course be made so that The desired preload values ​​for the individual upholstery groups are achieved.

[0030] When the pulling and pushing device according to the invention is installed in a carriage, the main cushion 237 is squeezed out of the rubber cushions. 238 the front and rear end caps 234 firmly against the front stop 214 or the rear stop 216, whereby the The device is held firmly in the housing. At the same time, the subassemblies 242 and the cushions 238 press the covers 24o tightly against the rear. stop 27o of the yoke and against the front stop, which in the embodiment according to Figs. 14 to 17 is formed by the end surface 272 of the coupler 222 is formed. It is self-evident that with other yoke constructions used, the front stop is formed by a part of the yoke or a separate impact block 288 can be formed, as can be seen in Figures 22 and 23. The device is thus firmly fixed in the The yoke is held in place even if there are considerable differences between the yoke length and the housing length. In the case of the yoke according to Figures 14 to 17, the shaft 222 is pressed firmly against the wedge 224, thus preventing any loosening between the device and the yoke and automatically ensuring a secure hold. Wear and tear of the wedge, the wedge slot and the shaft is prevented.

[0031] The mode of operation of the device is as follows: When an impact acts upon it, first the front secondary cushion 242 is compressed, while the rear secondary cushion expands, as shown in Fig. 16. The main cushion 237 remains at rest. During this process, the yoke essentially floats between the two secondary pads and reacts easily to all forces transmitted to it. As the pressure load increases, the anterior subcuspation is compressed further, and the posterior subcuspation expands further. out. As this process continues, the resistance of the front secondary pad increases until it reaches the preload under which the main pad... was used. With increasing pressure, the main cushion is lined up in series with the front secondary cushion, as shown in Fig. 17. is compressed. This figure shows that the front end cover 234 has lost contact with the stops 214. This process continues until the impact is absorbed. It can be seen in Fig. 17 that the rear side cushion rests on its normal compressed state expanded shortly after the start of the series action. It should be noted that only the rubber pads withstand pressure regardless of its intensity, without any stops to limit the compression of the pads. are available.

[0032] The mode of operation of the drawbar coupling under tensile loads is the same, but of course in the opposite direction.

[0033] The pressure curve of Fig. 18 illustrates the effect described above. From the zero point or the neutral position to point A in Only the secondary pads are affected by the direction of tension or compression; one group is compressed and the other is pulled apart. From the point In every direction up to the end of the clutch's travel path, the main pads and a secondary pad are compressed together in series. Secondary cushions and main cushions are preferably identical in the device according to the invention, since each cushion is subjected to the same load. This occurs when the main and secondary cushions are compressed together in a row.

[0034] The end pads of each group are provided with a rubber layer only on one side of the metal plate, while in the other pads the Rubber is fitted to each side of the plate. This design prevents contact between metal and rubber. The end pads are attached to their Place i on the lids through small metal dowels 274 on held in place by metal plates that sit in recesses in the lids. The cushions are connected to each other by rubber protrusions 2.76 on a cushion. aligned to penetrate corresponding recesses in the adjacent cushion.

[0035] The embodiment according to FIGS. 22 and 23 is primarily intended for passenger cars, where a coupling with softer spring characteristics and lower capacity are required. In this arrangement, the shaft 222a is connected to the yoke 28o in such a way that it can perform a universal movement with respect to the yoke. The connection is made via an intermediate link 282. The shaft is connected to the link 282. connected by means of a countersunk right pivot pin 284, while the link 282 is connected to the yoke by a horizontal pivot pin 286. A shock block 288, which engages with the cylindrically curved end surface 289 of the link 282, forms the front stop for the clutch. in the yoke. It should be noted that the end caps 290 are less high than the distance between the yoke arms, so that they fit directly into the The yoke can be inserted laterally. The two rectangular sides 292 on the base part 294 of the end caps are connected to each other by ceiling- and floor walls296 connected, which transfer part of the tensile and compressive loads to the front and rear stops 214a and 216a respectively. transferred. The walls 296 are reinforced by the transverse, inwardly directed flanges 298. In this embodiment, the inner edges of the vertical elements 3o2 of the edge parts 292 at 304 are chamfered to allow clearance on the inclined reinforcement parts 3o6 of the To provide spacers 308 on the covers 310. This clearance allows unimpeded movement of the covers 310 outwards into the end cap. 29o during the expansion of the secondary rubber pads. This outward movement of the covers 310 is only ' by the engagement of the The side parts 312 are bounded by the surfaces 340 on the vertical elements 302 of the end caps. The rubber pads are less wide than in the preceding embodiments, so that they can be inserted into the edge parts 292 of the cover 310. The cushions in the main pole Group 316 is also identical to those in subgroup 318. The mode of operation of this embodiment is the same as before. Figures 24 and 25 show another embodiment in which the front end cap 320 is longer than the rear end cap. 322 is designed. This allows the use of a larger number of rubber pads in the front group of secondary pads than in the rear group. It is now also necessary to extend the front cover 324 to allow for greater clearance between this cover and to achieve the same result with the front end cap 320 as with 326, which facilitates the installation of the pads in the end cap. If the clearance 326 is eliminated by a movement of the lid 324 in the end cover 320 during assembly in the direction of the front, the distance between base part 328 and base part 330 of the cover 324 or the end cover 320, slightly larger than the thickness of the front upholstery group. that the cushions can be freely placed in their position.

[0036] According to Figs. 24 and 25, six cushions are used in the front secondary cushion group and two cushions in the rear group. The central group has six pads. In this way, a pulling and pushing device is provided, functioning in the same way as the previous one. The described embodiment works, with the exception that a larger number of rubber pads absorb the pressure forces that generally occur. Some are stronger, while a smaller number are designed to resist tensile forces. Thus, the cushioning capacity of the device is Greater under pressure than under tension.

[0037] Fig. 26 shows a pressure diagram for this device, wherein a travel distance of approximately 4 cm under tension and one of approximately 6.3 cm under tension. cm under pressure. Preferably, when installed in the housing, the main cushion is compressed to a load of 11,250 kg. while the front and rear groups of the secondary cushions are compressed to a load of 4500 kg.

[0038] In the event of impact, the front secondary cushion and the main cushion serve to absorb the load. In the event of tension, the rear secondary cushion serves to absorb the load. and the main cushion for absorbing the load. As in the earlier embodiments according to the invention, all loads are absorbed without Taking into account their intensity, the impacts are absorbed by the rubber pads, without any metallic stops to catch and prevent further impacts. Compression of the cushions is present.

[0039] In, the Fsg. 27 and 28 are the usual carriage underframe at 40 i, the housing 403 with rear stops 402 and front Stops 4o4' and a yoke 4o6 are indicated, which may be of the usual design, but is shown here as a Y-4o yoke.

[0040] The shaft 407 of the wagon coupling (not shown) is connected to the yoke by a horizontal wedge 409, which extends laterally through Slots 418-1 extend along the rails 401 and the side walls 419 of the buffer casting 405. The slots 418 are so long that their ends never with the wedge 409 during the -traction and. impact movements of the pulling and impact device and the yoke, nm: engagement.

[0041] The slot 420 in the shaft is preferably slightly longer than the wedge 409 is wide, so that there is a clearance at 421 between the wedge and the The front end of the slot is formed when the device is in its neutral position as shown in Fig. 27.

[0042] The main cushion 408 and the front secondary cushion 40 each have a group of pressure cushions 411. Each pressure cushion consists of made of a metal plate with a rubber pad applied to each side. The surface of the rubber is grooved, as it has been found that a cushioning pad of this type combines highly desirable pressure properties with a high degree of durability and robustness. Each group of pads terminates in end pads 413, which bear a rubber coating on only one side, thereby a contact between rubber and metal on the working surfaces of the end pads is protected.

[0043] Between the front end of the main cushion 408 and the front stops 404 is the main end cover 414, which has a transverse base part 414" and a pair of forward-projecting, right-angled edge parts 414b. Each edge part consists of a pair of horizontal, load-bearing arms 414u, extending forward from the transverse base part 414a, and indicates vertical connecting arms 414d, which have engagement surfaces 414e for the stops 404. The vertical distance of the horizontal ones. The load-transmitting arms 414e of each edge part are essentially the same as the spacing of the yoke arms 426, thereby enabling the use This is made possible by rubber pads with identical dimensions in the secondary pad 410 and the main pad 408. It can be seen from Fig. 32 that The surfaces of the boundary parts 414b lie in vertical planes and are essentially parallel to each other. The horizontal distance of the The edge parts are such that a passage is provided for the upper and lower yoke arms 426. It should be noted that the yoke arms 426 pass through the Arms 414e of the edge waist are overlapped and are therefore recessed in the lid 414.

[0044] Furthermore, the inner sides of the arms 414e at .114f are chamfered at their front ends, so that there is clearance for the adjacent The head of the yoke during its backward movement results. Although this clearance is not necessary with the yoke design shown, since The yoke does not move backwards during a push; it is necessary when other types of yokes, which move backwards during a push, are in the The device according to the invention is used. The front surfaces of the vertical connecting arms 414d are also attached to the vertical Ends are beveled as with 414g; the reason for this will be explained later.

[0045] Between the front end of the secondary pad 410 and the end surface 427 of the coupling shaft 407 and in the edge part 414b of the The main end cover 414 contains the cover 422, which, as can best be seen from Fig. 30, has a base part 423 and a front part. The stop 424 is separated from the base by the webs 425 and 425a. In the illustrated arrangement, the front stop The yoke 406 is formed by the end surface 427 of the coupling shaft. In this design, the stop 424 of the cover 422 engages the surface 427. However, it goes without saying that other types of yokes used have a front stop for engaging the lid 422 The central web 425' is provided with a pair of shoulders 425v, which are opposite the end faces 417 of the yoke head, to be used in the assembly of the device. The base part 423 extends laterally beyond the webs 425 and 425d, so that Stop surfaces 428 are created in the side edge parts 414b of the end cover 414. It should be noted that the surface of the base part 423 is essentially the same as that of the base part 414d of the main cover. The cover 422 is designed such that its front part 424 at In the normal installation position according to Figs. 27 and 28, the protrusion lies in front of the engagement surfaces 414e of the main cover 414. This protrusion is indicated in Fig. 27 by "a". indicated. The stop surfaces 428 of the cover 422 are also located at the rear of the rear surfaces 414h of the vertical connecting parts 414d. separated, thereby providing for a forward movement of the cover 422 relative to the main cover 414.

[0046] It can be seen from Figs. 27 and 28 that the outer sides of the horizontal load-bearing arms 414e of the The main cover 414 is formed with recesses 41411 at the front ends, so that washer seats 4141 are created. Also the The inside of the base part 423 of the lid 422 is formed with vertical notches on the lateral extensions to accommodate washer seats. 441 opposite and separate from the washer seats 414t. Their purpose will be explained later. The lateral depth of the notch - is at least equal to and preferably greater than the depth of the recesses 414h in the main cover 414.

[0047] Between the rear end of the main cushion 408 and the rear stop 430 of the yoke 406 is the rear End cap 431, which consists of a transverse part 432, which has a pair of backward-projecting right-angled projections 433 features, which are arranged laterally and can engage with the rear stops 402. The cover 431 also features a A pair of beveled projections 438 are located at its head and base. The purpose of these projections is explained in connection with the Assembly of the device explained. The rear surface 434 of part 432 engages with the surface 430 of yoke 406. The distance The distance “a” in Fig. 27 between the yoke engagement surface 434 and the rear surface 435 is preferably equal to the distance “a” at the front. End of the arrangement. Thus, the yoke and therefore the coupling shaft 407 is offset forward in the housing, specifically with respect to the position which they would normally occupy if this design of the device according to the invention were not provided. This reduces the distance between the coupling horn 415 and the front surface 446 of the buffer casting 405 are enlarged accordingly, so that an additional impact distance for the The device according to the invention is created. The tension and push device according to the invention is preferably installed in the yoke and in the housing in the following manner: The main ceiling1414 It is inserted between the Jo{'hbands 426, as can be seen in Fig. 33, and then rotated into its correct position according to Fig. 32. Then the The corresponding lids 422 are inserted transversely through the edge parts of the main lid 414.

[0048] Thereupon, the rear end cap 431 is inserted between the yoke arms and moved backwards into contact with the surface 430 of the Yokes were brought. Finally, the main cushion 408 is inserted between the main cover and the rear end cover. That these parts The yoke, which is included, is then inserted into a press with the rear end facing downwards. Sufficient force is then applied to the surfaces. 414e of the main cover is applied to compress the main cushion 498 so that the cover 422 is lifted a sufficient amount. This can be done to allow the insertion of the auxiliary pad 410. It should be noted that the dimensions of the coupling shaft in The engagement of the standing part 424 of the cover 422 is such that it can be moved forward behind the yoke head until its surfaces 428 mifi the rear surfaces 414k of the vertical arms 414d of the main cover come into engagement, thereby providing sufficient clearance between the Basic parts 423 and 414a of the cover 422 or of the main cover serve to insert a required number of cushions 411 for the manufacture Side cushion 410 is provided.

[0049] After the insertion of the secondary cushions 410, the pressure on the surfaces 414e of the main cover 414 is relieved and transferred to the area with the The coupling shaft engages the part 424 of the cover 422. This pressure force should be sufficient to prevent the insertion of The shims 437 are allowed to be inserted into the recesses 414b at the front end of the main cover, as shown in Figures 34 and 35. The pressure against part 424, it can be lifted, whereupon the main polisher 408 expands and the sockets 425b of the lid 422 engage. with the rear surfaces q:17 of the yoke head.

[0050] The shims 437 have wedge surfaces 44o. While the surfaces 44o are used for assembling the device and the yoke in the While housings are not necessary, they serve a specific purpose when disassembling the device, as will be explained below. The thickness of the disc 437 is such that the disc spacing according to Fig. 34 is slightly smaller than the spacing of the carriage center rails 401. The length of the disc 437 is sufficient to ensure a good fit against the seats 414i and 441 on the main cover 414 or cover 422, after The device and yoke were removed from the press. The width of each disc is also such that, after removing the device and yoke, the press of the cover 422 is mounted in such a way with respect to the main cover 414 that: the distance “b” according to Fig. 35, between the front part 424 of the The distance between the cover 422 and the engagement surfaces 414e of the main cover is slightly larger than the distance at "a" in Fig. 27.

[0051] As can be seen from Fig. 34, after removing the device clamped in the yoke from the press, the distance between the front and rear engagement surfaces 414e and 43$ - of the main cover or rear cover greater than the distance between the front The stops 402 and the rear stops 404 of the housing. This is the case because, after removal from the press, the The main cushion 408, held under pressure, can expand freely until the shoulders 425b on the cover 422 engage with the surfaces 417 on the yoke head. In this position of the parts, the main cushion 408 remains under considerable pressure.

[0052] The device clamped in the yoke can now be inserted into its place in the housing. The arrangement is moved into its position as shown in Fig. 34. It can be seen that the inclined surfaces 4149 and 435 of the main cover 414 and the rear cover 431, respectively, are in are in a position in which they engage with the lower housing stops during an upward movement of the device. 'Furthermore, allows It can be seen that the front surface 443 of the yoke is free from the rear surface 445 of the buffer casting 405. When applying a Sufficient upward force on the arrangement is exerted by the wedge action of surfaces 414g and 435 of the main cover and the The rear covers move towards each other, and the assembly lifts into the housing. As the covers move towards each other during this process... The yoke can be moved to a limited extent longitudinally and backwards, so that there is sufficient clearance between the nose 443 of the yoke and part 445 of the buffer casting is created.

[0053] After the device clamped in the yoke is inserted into the housing, the usual bearing plate 439 can be attached to the wagon rails. 40I are attached. The coupling shaft 407 is then inserted into the yoke, the coupling wedge 409 is inserted, and; the discs 437 are- the removed, whereupon the cover 422 comes into forward engagement with the rear stop surface 427 of the coupling shaft 407, so that the The device is in close connection with the yoke.

[0054] It should be noted that the pulling and pushing device is now in fixed engagement with the front and rear stops 402 and 404. of the housing and is also firmly engaged with the yoke. While at the rear end the yoke is directly engaged with the device. When the coupling shaft 407 and the yoke connecting wedge 409 are engaged at the front end, it is clear that the end surface 427 of the The coupling shaft acts in the same way as if it were a front stop surface on the yoke, with the effect of the coupling in both directions. The same applies in all cases. Another method for assembling the device is shown in Fig. 36, in which blocks 448 are placed in the positions shown during the The coupling parts are inserted into the yoke during assembly. These blocks have such dimensions that they can easily be assembled from existing materials. They can release play and do not shift within the clutch. Furthermore, these blocks are made of a suitable, destructible material. manufactured. Before inserting the main cushion 408, the rear block 448 is placed between the rear surface 434 of the rear cover. and the surface 430 of the yoke is inserted in the middle of the rear surface 434.

[0055] It is necessary that the length of the block 448 is approximately greater than the distance “a” according to Fig. 27. Thus, the yoke stands a sufficient distance backwards, and the nose 443 (Fig. 34) remains free from part 445 of the buffer casting when the assembly is inserted into the housing.

[0056] The arrangement consisting of the pulling and pushing device and the yoke is then inserted into a press, and the main cushion 408 and the secondary pad 410 are then inserted in the manner described by Berdit. Pressure is then applied to the engagement surfaces 414e. the force of the main cover is released and applied to the part 424 of the cover 422 that engages with the coupling. This force must be so great be that the insertion of the front adjusting blocks 448 between the rear surfaces 417 of the yoke head and the shoulders 425b of the cover 422 This is possible. The blocks 448 should be long enough that, after the pressure force on the cover 422 is released, the distance between the engagement surfaces 435 and 414e of the rear or main cover are smaller than the distance between the front stops 404 and the rear stops. 4o2 of the case.

[0057] The device and the yoke can be removed from the press and inserted into the housing, whereupon the cover plate 439 is attached to the The wagon rails 401 can be attached. The coupling shaft 407 is then inserted into the yoke and the wedge 409 is attached. The front and the rear blocks can then be easily removed by subjecting the device to several considerable shocks, so that the blocks can fall out of the device.

[0058] The device is disassembled as follows: The washers 437 are used for this purpose, the Wedge parts 44o are inserted from the underside of the device into the recesses 41411 in the main cover 414, whereupon the discs are then... driven upwards so that the cover 422 detaches backwards from the end face 427 of the shaft 407. This facilitates the removal of the Coupling part 409 and allows the coupling shaft to be pulled out of the yoke. Then the yoke retaining plate 439 is removed, whereupon the The yoke-mounted device can be removed from the clutch housing using a pressure lever or other suitable tools. It is necessary to Note that the composition and thickness of the rubber pads, the number of pads, and the distance between the main cover 414 and the The rear cover 431 is chosen so that the main cushion 408, when the device is at its normal installation length in the car body, It is compressed and subjected to a considerable pressure load of, for example, approximately 100 kg. The aforementioned are similar. Factors and the distance between the cover 42.2 and the main cover 414 such that the secondary cushion 410 is under a pressure load of It is held at approximately 4500 kg. The load of about 1000 kg acts partially directly against the front and rear attachments of the The housing and, in some cases, up to 4500 kg, are subjected to the force of the pull and push mechanism against both ends of the yoke via the secondary padding. Thus, the pull and push mechanism is firmly embedded in the housing. Housing and likewise in the yoke, without regard to the ordinary changes in length to which these parts are subject.

[0059] In Fig. 29, the coupling according to the invention is shown under partial compression and under shock load. The rear The stop surface 427 of the coupling shaft 407 transfers this shock load to the cover 422, which compresses the secondary cushion 410, which, as already mentioned, is subjected to a preload of approximately 4500 kg during assembly. With increasing impact load and rising Compression of the secondary cushion increases its resistance accordingly, and if it exceeds the initial compression of approximately... When the main cushion reaches its maximum pressure of 408 kg, it is compressed in series with the secondary cushion. If the main cushion is 408 When compressed, the engagement surfaces 414e of the main cover 414 are released from the front stop projections 404, as shown in Fig. 29 at 442. This is indicated. As the impact load increases further, the secondary and main cushions are compressed in series until the impact is completely absorbed. has been absorbed.

[0060] One feature of the pulling and pushing device according to the invention is the absence of all metal-to-metal limit stops, as are found in The friction clutches are used. This reduces normal driving shocks in the form of compression or tension, and shocks during anaerobical driving. events or collisions are absorbed by rubber.

[0061] Under tensile load, the coupling shaft transmits the load via the yoke wedge 409 and the rear surface 43 of the yoke to the rear cover 431, causing it to move forward and compress the main cushion 408. Simultaneously, during the Forward movement of the coupling shaft of the cover 422 as a result of the forward expansion of the secondary cushion 410, until a further expansion by contact of the lid ei 422 with the surface 414k on the end cap. Thus, the compression of the The required tensile force for the main pad 408 is equal to the difference between the preloads of the main pad 408 and the secondary pad. 410. For the pressure values ​​specified above, a tensile force of approximately 4500 kg is required to compress the cushion 408. With increasing Under tensile load, the compression of the main pad 4o8 continues until the entire tensile load is absorbed.

[0062] In the embodiment chosen as an example according to the invention, the device has a travel distance of approximately 4.75 cm when pulled. and at a pressure of approximately 8.6 cm under a load of approximately 27,000 kg, as can be seen in Fig. 31. In the usual application of the device, which allows a maximum travel distance of 7 cm under tension and compression, the coupling horn 415 is approximately 7.7 cm from the front surface 446. of the buffer casting 405 removed, so that the device can fully compress over 7 cm without the coupling horn coming into contact with the comes into contact with the buffer casting.

[0063] In the pulling and pushing device according to the invention, which is intended for use with couplings, yokes and wagons according to the American The travel distance specified in AAR standards is considerably greater than the usual travel distance in the event of an impact. According to the invention, this is achieved in a very simple and effectively accomplished. As mentioned earlier, the rear cover 431 has a considerable distance between its The engagement parts 435 and its yoke grip surface 434 are formed. It has also already been mentioned that the yoke grip surface 224 of the cover 422 in the same way is offset by the same distance in front of the engagement surfaces 414e of the main cover 414. This offset construction at both ends of the The coupling according to the invention provides sufficient clearance between the coupling horn 415 and the front surface 446 of the buffer casting so that the The clutch can move an additional 2.5 cm backwards over the horn playing area provided in the usual devices when subjected to a shock. is. .

[0064] Fig. 31 shows a typical pressure curve of the tensile and impact device according to the invention. It can be seen that in the area relatively lower loads, which occur during normal stopping, starting or driving, the travel distance under pressure for the The device according to the invention measures approximately 5 cm. It can also be seen that under pressure, the device according to the invention extends an additional 3.5 cm. The running route is designed to absorb the relatively high intensity impact loads over this area.

[0065] The application of the pulling and pushing device according to the invention is demonstrated using the well-known American AAR vertical-plane horizontal- Key yokes Y-4o explained. However, it is self-evident that any ordinary yoke of normal length can be used without the novel type. The mode of operation of the device according to the invention is not impaired by shock and tension.

[0066] Although certain numbers are specified as desirable for the initial compression, the secondary cushions and the main cushions, It goes without saying that these particular values ​​are not essential for the proper functioning of the device. The various parts 'This device, the yoke and the housing, are subject to manufacturing inaccuracies, and certain changes affect the intended use.' Rubber pads require space and inevitably lead to deviations from the specific values ​​mentioned above. The only essential point is that... In the loosest state, permitted by tolerances and deviations of the rubber pads, the main pad is under compression. The dimension should be larger than that of the secondary cushions, so that the device sits firmly against the stops of the housing.

Claims

[0067] .¢ ATENTANSLAW: '.

1. Draw and buffer device for rail vehicles with central buffer coupling - for installation in a yoke and between the stops of a housing with a main pressure cushion, preferably made of rubber, which is normally in contact with the stops and is held under pressure by them, and with at least one secondary pressure pad between the main pressure pad and the yoke, which is kept out of contact with the associated stops by the yoke, characterized in that each secondary pad (28) is under less compression than the main pad (8) and that parts of the secondary pad project laterally from the yoke (6) and overlapping; but arranged without contact with the corresponding stops (2, 4).

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized by two secondary cushions (28) in front of and behind the main cushion (8), which are designed and arranged in such a way that when the yoke (6) is moved With regard to the stops (2, 4) one secondary pad extends until it touches the associated stops, while the other secondary pad is compressed.

3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a lid that engages with the stops. (14) with separate side walls with reinforcements (24) for engagement with the stops (2, 4) and by means of a movable cover (32) between the separate walls with lateral stops overlapping the walls, through which the cover (32) engages. End of the yoke.

4. Device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the main and secondary cushions are made from a series consisting of rubber pressure pads, wherein the rubber pressure pads of the secondary pad (28) have a lower pressure resistance than the pressure pads of the main cushion (8), and that a movable cover (32) holds the rubber pressure pads of the secondary cushion under a pressure that is substantially less than the pressure on the main cushion.

5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the main cushion (8) is located between a pair of separate, The lid (14) is arranged with the stops (2, 4) engaging and the secondary cushions (28) are pivotable perpendicular to the lids are to allow a vertical angular adjustment of the yoke and the side pads with respect to these covers (14). 6.. Device according to Claim i, characterized in that a cover (52) engages with the main cushion and is attached to stops (2, 4) on the railway carriage abuts and a secondary pad (54) is arranged in engagement with the cover (52), wherein the cover (52) and secondary pad (54) are arc-shaped Engagement surfaces (58) which allow a rotational movement of the secondary cushion (54) relative to the cover (52).

7. Device according to Claim 3, characterized in that the movable cover (32) and the side walls (i6) of the cover (14) have bores (1o4, io6) for have a receptacle for a retaining pin to hold the secondary pad together during installation of the device in the yoke, wherein the end walls (22) with lateral shoulders (26) for attaching mounting clips (108) for compressing the main cushion (8) onto a specific length is provided during the installation of the device in the yoke and the housing. B. Device according to one of the claims i to 4, characterized in that each secondary cushion perpendicular is pivotable about the transverse horizontal center line of the device. g. Device according to claim i, characterized by separate covers (52) for engagement with the stops (2, 4) of the housing, wherein each cover is provided with a transversely extending filler piece or stop (56), the outer surface (66) of which is cylindrical around the transversely extending, horizontal The device's centerline is curved, and it is further characterized by a member with a cylindrical surface for engagement with the surface on the Covers (52), which is displaceable with respect to the cover along the cylindrical surfaces.

10. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that, that a pair of longitudinally separated lids (234) is provided and the main cushion (237) sits between these lids (234) and in a Movement of one lid against the other is compressed, and at least one of the lids has a pair of brackets (24q.) which are connected by the stops (214, 216) engage and receive a secondary cushion (242), so that the device is held firmly in the yoke. ii. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that each lid (234) has a transverse base (236) and a pair of rectangular brackets (24,a.) exhibits, which run longitudinally along the side of the base part, and that another lid (2q.0) interacts with each first lid and has a base (25o) that engages in these stirrups (24q.) and is longitudinally displaceable therein and is equipped with a base part separate from its base part Part. reit is engaged with the yoke, wherein elastic pads (242) received by the stirrups (244) are positioned between the base parts (236, 250) of a Counteract the movement of the other lid (240) on the base part of the first lid (234).

12. Device according to claim 3, wherein characterized in that the covers have brackets (244) surrounding the secondary cushions.

13. Device according to claim 12, characterized in that the brackets (244) are arranged at a distance from each other and in a longitudinal direction and that movable side covers (24o) extend into the brackets and are movable in the longitudinal direction.

14. Device according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the brackets of the front cover (32o) longer than the brackets of the rear cover (322) and cushions are arranged between the brackets of the cover so that the device is firmly in the it is held by the comprehensive yoke, with the padding supported by the brackets of the front cover (32o) having a greater capacity than that of The padding carried on the brackets of the rear cover (322) is:

15. Device according to one of claims 5 to 14, characterized in that that each of the longitudinally separated lids (234) has a base part (236), vertically separated arms (246) extending longitudinally on each side of the base part and a vertically extending part (248) that connects the ends of the vertical, separate arms and engages with the stops (2i4, 216).

16. Device according to claim 12, characterized in that each cover has a base part (236), wherein the brackets (2q.4) are arranged laterally thereto and are perpendicular to it and can engage with the stops of the housing, and that each The stirrup has vertically separated, longitudinally extending arms (246) that overlap the straps (262) of an associated yoke, wherein the inner surfaces of the arms of each bracket have a distance which corresponds to the height of the base part, and further characterized by a movable cover (24o) at each end of the device for engagement with Gien front and rear stops in an associated, which Device comprising yoke, wherein these movable covers are positioned laterally between the arms of each bracket and are movable in the longitudinal direction.

17. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the brackets (244) of the movable lid (234) support the secondary cushions.

18. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that one of the lids (23q., 24o) has a rectangular base part (236) that is in Arms extending longitudinally from the edges of the base part and perpendicular; parts connecting the ends of the arms (248), wherein -the vertical parts serve to engage with the stops on the housing, wherein a yoke is engaged with the device encompassing the device Lid (24o) - extending between the arms and movable along them, and a rectangular base part. (25o) of essentially the has the same length and width as the base part of the first lid. i9. Device according to claim 1$, characterized in that the movable lids (240) extend through rectangular, transverse openings between the vertical parts (248) and the base part.

20. Device according to claim i, characterized in that a rear cushion forming the main cushion (411) as well as a front cushion (414) and a rear (431) cover is provided for compressing this cushion, which is connected to the front and rear stops (404, 402) can be engaged to hold the pads under an initial pressure after the device has been inserted into the housing, so that the front cover has a pair of forward-extending brackets, a front one; the pad forming the secondary pad of these brackets (414b) is received and presses against the front cover and a front stop (g.21) in the yoke, and that the front and rear cushions are arranged such that both pads are compressed upon impact, and only the rear pad is compressed upon tension.

21. Device according to claim 20, characterized in that the front cover (4i4) has a base part (4i4:0) which engages with the front end of the secondary cushion stands and has edge parts (414b) extending perpendicularly thereto.

22. Device according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that at the front a movable cover (422) is carried by the brackets (414b) and engages with the front stop (427) of the device comprising: Joches stands.

23. Device according to claims 21 and 22, characterized in that the movable cover (422) rests on the base part of the other lid is movable towards and away from it and that cushions (41o) are inserted between the base part and the movable lid and the outer side of each rim section is set back vertically, so that shims can be placed between the movable lid and the other lid. can be used to compress the padding during the installation of the device into its housing.

24. Device according to claim i, characterized by a number of transverse pads (4i1), by a rear cover (431) for engagement with the rearmost of these Cushion with laterally separated parts for engagement with the rear stops (4o2) of the housing and with a front of the separated parts offset middle section for engagement with the rear stops (43°) as well as by a front cover engaging with the foremost pad and with a sideways extending base section and a section extending forward from a base section to a point in front of the front stops. (404) of the housing is opened and can be brought into engagement with the front stop (421) in the yoke.

25. Device according to claim 24, characterized by a cover (414) for engagement with the front stops (404) of a housing, which provides a space between the cushions inserted base part (4i40) to form a front and rear cushion group and bracket (414b) for engagement with the front stops has, comprising the front cover and the front cushion assembly (41i).

26. Device according to claim i for installation between the front and rear stop lugs of a 'tow coupling housing' and between the front and rear stops of a 'tow coupling yoke', in which the longitudinal distance of the stops essentially corresponds to the distance between the front and rear stop attachments, characterized by a cover (431) with parts for engaging the rear stop projections (402), by means of a knob with this cover in attack Lr padding (41i), by a front cover (q.14) with forward-projecting extensions for engagement with the front cushions. stop attachments (404), wherein the pads can be compressed by the yoke during a forward movement of the rear stop, by a front group of cushions (411) encompassing the front cover, which is in a row with the first group of cushions, and separated by an intermediate lid (422), which engages the front stops (q.21) in the yoke and compresses the padding groups during backward movement, whereby the second The upholstery group and the intermediate cover sit between the forward-protruding extensions (414b) and the intermediate cover is installed during the installation of the The device engages tightly with the front yoke stops in the yoke.