Drain body

Description

Drainage body DescriptionThe invention relates to a drainage body according to the preamble of patent claim 1.It should already be mentioned at this point that the invention also relates to a drainage unit which comprises a large number of such drainage bodies and in addition other associated devices.The groundwater level is significantly impaired by the sealing of surfaces. Furthermore, the surface water or rainwater which flows away has to be discharged and supplied to sewage treatment plants. In order to overcome this problem, there are constructed percolation devices which comprise such drainage éléments. Such drainage éléments are, for example, known from the following documents: DE 20 2005 010 090 Ul; DE 202 21 567 Ul; DE 10 2005 056 131 Al; EP 1 260 640 Bl; DE 43 04 609 Al, EP 0 787 865 Bl; EP 09 43 737 Bl; EP 1 416 099 Bl; DE 697 00 174 T2; DE 299 24 050 Ul; EP 1 469 133 A2; EP 1 887 145 Al; EP 1 452 653 B1. These known drainage éléments or percolation Systems are stable only to a limited degree. Furthermore, there exists a considérable problem with regard to transport and storage since the drainage units, on the one hand, are intended to hâve the largest possible capacity but, on the other hand, precisely this increases the storage and stacking volume.DE 201 05 694 Ul discloses a water storage and rétention System which is constructed from perforated bowls with side walls which expand in the manner of a pyramid frustum. Good stackability is thereby ensured. However, the known System is suitable for receiving higher loads when and only when the individual éléments are relatively small. Furthermore, it is not possible to construct water-conducting units from a plurality of such water storage boxes.From EP 0 612 888 Al, it is known in order to construct water drainage Systems to use spécifie moulds or casting devices. However, the method described therein is costly and complex.An object of the invention is to develop a drainage body according to EP 1 416 099 A2 which constitutes the closest prior art in such a manner that a high level of stability is ensured, whilst the transportability is improved.This object is achieved with a drainage body according to claim 1.As a resuit of the spécifie shaping of the spacer éléments, it is ensured that the surface units stand in a considerably more stable manner on each other. It is thereby possible not only for higher loads from the surface to be absorbed, but also for higher percolation Systems which (temporarily) store a larger volume of water and which are still stable to be constructed.According to the invention, the spacer éléments hâve a truncated-cone-shaped or pyramid-frustum-shaped configuration with a circumscribed cross-sectional surface, which becomes smaller with an increasing distance from the surface units.It is particularly advantageous for a large number of surface units to be able to be stacked so as to engage one inside the other. Furthermore, as a resuit of the construction of the surface units in such a manner that the bottom and cover comprise identical components, again the storage and the transport are improved and the complexity during production is reduced.The spacer éléments are preferably constructed as hollow bodies with an internai cross-section which is congruent with the extemal cross-section in such a manner that the spacer éléments when stacked can be inserted one inside the other. The spacer éléments are thus when stacked not beside each other, but instead one inside the other so that larger groups of surface units form structures which are stable per se. Preferably, the spacer éléments are configured as hollow bodies and are formed integrally together with the surface units.The spacer éléments preferably hâve plug / socket fixing sections which are distributed such that they are engaged in each other in the mounting State. A further increase of the stability of surface éléments which are stacked one on the other is thereby brought about. The surface units can in this instance be stacked so as to engage inside each other in such a manner that the mounting distance of the surface units is substantially greater than the spacing thereof in the stacked State. Alternatively, one type of fixing section, for example, the socket fixing sections, may also be provided in the surface units, whilst the other fixing sections rest on the spacer éléments.The spacer éléments preferably hâve locking devices for mutually locking the spacer éléments to each other or for locking the spacer éléments to the surface units in the mounted State. A base and a cover which is associated therewith thereby already form stable units which can consequently be constructed to form larger "dual bases".The surface éléments further preferably hâve break-out sections in order to form inspection openings, wherein preferably load distribution éléments are provided for placing and supporting an inspection cover on the inspection opening. In this manner, larger percolation Systems can also be cleaned from time to time in such a manner that the slurry and fine materials which prevent percolation can be flushed out and drawn away.The spacer éléments already hâve as a resuit of their conical shape a very high level of stability with regard to bulging and buckling. Preferably, however, on the spacer éléments on the covering faces thereof there are fitted stiffening éléments which further increase the stability. In particular, the outer faces are provided with beads which ex tend parallel with the longitudinal axes of the spacer éléments. On the whole, wave-like surface units are then produced in a manner resembling a "pudding basin". In a simple manner, a considérable increase in stability of the spacer éléments in particular with respect to transverse forces is thereby achieved.Preferably, there are provided side walls which are configured in such a manner that they can be secured to the bottom units and the cover units so as to connect them together. Consequently, ail around, with the exception of water passage openings, completely closed structures which can be installed as hollow members in the base can be provided.It is particularly advantageous for the side walls to hâve side wall supports which, after connecting the side walls to the bottom units and the cover units for supporting the side walls, move into engagement with the spacer éléments. Forces acting on the side walls are thereby directed into the spacer éléments so that a considérable reinforcement of the side walls via the spacer éléments which are in any case présent can be achieved.The surface units preferably hâve connecting devices in particular at the edge side for horizontally and / or vertically connecting to other surface units and / or for installing side walls. These connection devices are preferably constructed in such a manner that, for example, two surface units can be placed one on the other and connected to each other so that Systems can be constructed at any height. Furthermore, the surface units can be connected horizontally to each other so that surfaces substantially of any size and shape can be constructed. Finally, edge-side walls can be used so that on the whole large-volume hollow bodies are produced. The wall éléments can also be used for stabilisation in a vertical direction.The connection devices are in this instance preferably constructed in such a manner that the surface units hâve projection-free edges. It is thereby ensured that the Systems mentioned are constructed without gaps, which improves the stability of the Systems.The spacer éléments may be provided as separate éléments. However, the spacer éléments are preferably constructed as hollow bodies and formed integrally together with the surface units. As a resuit of this measure, a particularly cost-effective possibility is afforded of producing the drainage bodies from plastics material in production methods which are known per se.Preferably, there are provided a large number of additional éléments, by means of which the drainage bodies can be constructed to form drainage Systems. These include in particular cover éléments which are provided for covering openings in the surface units. For example, these are openings in the région of the support éléments which are constructed as hollow bodies. Therefore, if the spacer éléments which are constructed as hollow bodes hâve openings for the passage of water which is intended to be percolated, the cover éléments which are provided for them are also provided with openings so that the water which is intended to be percolated can also penetrate through these covers into the surrounding base.It is now possible to construct individual box-like drainage bodies and to assemble them via the edge-side connection devices thereof to form larger units. An increased stability is produced in that the bottom and cover units are mounted in the assembly in the manner of brickwork. To this end, the spacer éléments and / or the plug fixing sections and the socket fixing sections are arranged in such a manner on the surface units that the bottom units and the cover units can be laid so as to overlap each other. It is possible to lay the individual units at an angle of 90°. The advantages of such a type of laying correspond to those which are known from the construction of brickwork. Such an arrangement is produced particularly when the following rules are observed:a) the arrangement of in each case identically configured fixing sections on one half of the surface unit is mirror-inverted with respect to a diagonal of said half of the surface unit;b) the arrangement of the fixing sections is mirrored with respect to a first surface bisecting line of the surface unit;c) with respect to a second surface bisecting line of the surface unit, the arrangement of the fixing sections is inverted so that in each case the other fixing section is located at a mirrored position.From the above, it can be seen that a drainage System which comprises a large number of drainage bodies of the type described is also claimed. This drainage System comprises bottom units by means of which cover units are connected so as to overlap each other in the manner of brickwork.Preferred embodiments of the invention are explained in greater detail below with reference to the drawings, in which:Figure 1 is a plan view of a surface unit as a view corresponding to line I-I from Figure 2,Figure 2 is a section through the surface unit according to Figure 1 along the line II-II from Figure 1,Figure 3 is a bottom view of a surface unit according to Figure 1 as a view along the line III-III from Figure 2,Figure 4 is a plan view of a cover for covering an opening, as shown in Figures 1 to 3, Figure 5 is a part-view of a wall element,Figure 6 is a view of the surface unit according to Figures 1 to 3 as a view along the line VI-VI from Figure 1,Figures 7 to 9 are sectioned views according to Figure 2 of two surface units in different States, that is to say, one stacked (Figure 7) in a State shortly before assembly (Figure 8) and in the assembled State (Figure 9),Figure 10 is an enlarged illustration of the région X from Figure 9,Figure 11 is a schematic illustration relating to the assembly of cover units on bottom units in the assembly,Figure 12 is a plan view according to Figure 1, but of another embodiment of the surface unit,Figure 13 is a side view of a load distribution element,Figure 14 is a bottom view of the load distribution element according to Figure 13 along the line XIV-XIV from Figure 13,Figure 15 is a plan view of a group of surface units according to Figure 12, which hâve been assembled to form a bottom unit and a group of such surface units, which hâve been assembled to form a cover unit and which can be folded onto the bottom unit, Figures 16 to 19 are schematic illustrations of arrangements of plug and socket fixing sections,Figures 20 and 21 are two perspective views of another embodiment of surface units, Figure 22 shows a non-claimed completed drainage body with two open side walls, andFigure 23 shows a partially sectioned drainage body similar to the one according to Figure 22.In the following description, the same reference numerals are used for components which are identical and which hâve the same effect.The surface unit shown in Figures 1 to 6 is so to speak a "minimal element" which has as a surface unit 10 a grid structure from which protruding pyramid-frustum-shaped spacer éléments 20, 20' are provided. These spacer éléments 20, 20' hâve differently shaped end portions. The spacer element 20 has a plug end section 21 and the spacer element 20' has a socket end section 22. These end sections are in this instance sized in such a manner that a plug end section 21 can be inserted so as to fit in a socket end section 22.Furthermore, the spacer éléments 20, 20' hâve inner and outer cross-sections which are congruent in such a manner that they can be inserted one inside the other.Furthermore, the surface units 10 hâve edges 17 which are formed continuously in such a manner that, when surface units 10 are placed one on the other, they lie on each other substantially without any gaps.In order to be able to connect the surface units 10 to each other so as to lie beside each other, there are provided in the edge régions of the surface units rétention grooves 41 in which connection pins 42 (see Figure 3) can be inserted. A connection pin 42 thus rests in the assembled State of two surface units 10 which rest on each other in two adjacent rétention grooves 41. In order to also be able to place two surface units 10 on each other (wherein the spacer éléments 20 then protrude in mutually opposing directions), additional connection pins 42 (not shown in the Figures) are shown and only hâve half the cross-section of a connection pin 42 shown here so that the connection pin then does not protrude over the edge 17 of the surface portions 10 which lie one on the other. If two such groups of surface units 10 which lie on each other are intended to be connected to each other at ail sides, there are provided for this purpose connection pins which hâve twice the height of connection pins which are used only for "horizontal connection" of surface units 10.In order to be able to fit the side walls 15 (see Figure 5), the surface units 10 hâve, on the one hand, edge grooves 16 and, on the other hand, insertion pins 44 which can be inserted into insertion openings 43 of the side walls 15. The edges of the side walls 15 are in this instance formed in such a manner that, when a side wall 15 is connected to a surface unit 10, the side wall 15 does not protrude over the edge 17 of the surface unit 10.In order to be able to close openings 23, 23' (see Figures 2 and 3), covers 35 (see Figure 4) are provided.The surface units shown in Figures 1 to 3, 5 and 6 are again illustrated schematically in section in Figures 7 to 10 (in a similar manner to Figure 2). In this instance in Figure 7, two surface units 10 are inserted one in the other. The height Ds which is produced, that is to say, the stacking height, is only relatively slightly larger than the height of a single surface unit plus the height of the spacer éléments 20, 20'.In order to secure two surface units 10 to each other in order to form a drainage body, one surface unit 10 is tumed with respect to the other surface unit 10 so that the arrangement shown in Figure 8 is produced. In this instance, therefore, there is a spacer element 20 which has at the upper edge thereof a plug end section 21, a spacer element 20' opposite which has a socket end section 22. These end sections may - as shown in Figure 9 - be inserted one inside the other so that the surface units 10, on the one hand, then form a bottom unit 11 and, on the other hand, a cover unit 12. In this instance, there are provided in the plug end sections 21 and the socket end sections 22, on the one hand, teeth 24 and, on the other hand, notches 25 which - as shown in Figure 10 -engage one inside the other so that the bottom unit 11 and the cover unit 12 via the spacer éléments 20, 20' are connected to each other. Two surface units 10' thus already form, when they are connected to each other via the spacer éléments 20 and the locking devices 24, 25, solid bodies whose stability in ail directions is ensured. In this instance, the mounting distance DE is considerably greater than the stacking distance Ds.Figure 11 shows how the different surface units in the assembly can be assembled. It is clear from this illustration that the cover units 12 are mounted offset relative to the bottom units 11 thereon so that the arrangement of three surface units 10, 10', 10" shown on the right in Figure 11 is connected to form a single body, which (extending to the left in Figure 11) can be continued as desired. This contributes to a considérable increase of the stability of such an overall arrangement.The surface unit shown in a plan view in Figure 12 similar to the one according to Figure 1 differs from the surface unit described above firstly in that it is not a "minimal surface unit", but instead is constructed from a total of four such surface units (integrally).Furthermore, in the surface unit 10 according to Figures 12 to 14, there is provided a row of break-out sections 13 which are covered by means of grids in the same manner as the remaining surface unit 10, but which can be broken out of the surrounding material. Such openings act as inspection access points to the inner side of the drainage bodies. After such drainage bodies hâve been buried in the ground, that is to say, covered with a layer of earth, there are provided load distribution éléments 30 which can be placed on such broken-out break-out sections 13. These load distribution éléments 30 hâve a cuttable pipe portion 31 which can be closed at the upper end thereof by means of a conventional (casting) cover (not illustrated) so that an inspection opening 34 is formed after the cover has been removed. There are provided at the lower end of the load distribution element 20 support arms 32 which serve to transmit forces acting on the upper end (or the positioned cover) to the surface unit 10 over the largest possible surface-area.At this point, it should be mentioned that the details described above, such as, for example, the connection devices 41 and 43, are also intended to be provided in the embodiment according to Figures 12 to 14, but are not shown for reasons of simplicity of the illustration.From the above, it can be seen that the surface units 10 set out here and the spacer éléments 20 thereof can provide any desired spaces and channels which are closed only on the outer contours thereof by means of side walls 15 (see Figure 5). If it is désirable to increase the stability of the bodies provided in this manner, side walls may also be fitted at the inner side thereof.A composition of a plurality of surface units according to Figure 12 is shown in Figure 15. On the left in Figure 15, a bottom unit 11 is shown, on the right a cover unit 12 is shown. If the cover unit 12 is folded onto the bottom unit 11 so that the plug fixing sections 21 are inserted into the socket fixing sections 22, there is produced a drainage body which as a resuit of the mounting in the assembly is also extremely stable per se without additional connection of the surface units 10 which form the bottom unit 11 and the cover unit 12.In Figures 16 to 19, different examples are now shown of how the "opposing" fixing devices, that is to say, the plug fixing devices 21 and the socket fixing devices 22, are intended to be arranged so that, on the one hand, the surface units can form both bottom units and cover units, on the other hand, mounting in the assembly can take place.Another embodiment of the drainage body will be explained in greater detail below with reference to Figures 20 to 23. In this instance, these illustrations show individual surface units or drainage bodies which are constructed from individual surface units. However, from the above embodiments, it can be seen that such individual éléments can be assembled to form larger drainage bodies in conjunction with additional individual éléments.The surface units or drainage bodies according to Figures 20 to 23 differ from the above embodiments firstly in that the spacer éléments are not smooth but instead are provided with beads 26 or wave-like cover faces. There is thereby produced a considerably increased stability in particular with respect to transverse loads and with respect to buckling or bulging.The side walls hâve side wall supports 18 which in the assembled State (see Figures 22 and 23) produce a support of the side walls 15 on the spacer éléments. Reference may also be made in this regard to Figures 8 and 9 which in principle show how such a support functions. As a resuit of this construction, a considérable increase of stability of the drainage bodies and increase of the capacity for résistance against latéral loads is ensured.It can further be seen in Figures 20 to 23 that the surface units 10 and side walls 15 are constructed as honeycombs and thereby provide, on the one hand, good water permeability and, on the other hand, a high level of stability. The surface units 10 and the side walls 15 finally hâve the break-out sections 13 which are already described above and via which connections of pipelines can be carried ont or inspection openings can be provided.List of reference numerals10    Surface unit11     Bottom unit12    Cover unit13     Break-out section15     Side wall16    Edge groove17    Edge18     Side wall support20, 20' Spacer element21     Plug-type fixing section22     Socket fixing section23, 23' Opening24    Tooth arrangement25    Notch26    Reinforcement bead30    Load distribution element31     Pipe portion32    Support arm34    Inspection opening35    Cover41    Rétention groove42    Connection pin43     Insertion opening44     Insertion pinDe    Mounting distanceDs    Stacking distance

Claims

PATENTKRAV1. Et drænlegeme omfattende en flerhed af identisk formede overfladeenheder (10), nemlig en flerhed af bundenheder (11) og en flerhed af afdækningsenheder (12), der er identisk dannet i forhold til bundenhederne (11) og kan indbyrdes forbindes via af-standselementer (20) i en monteringsafstand (DE),kendetegnet ved, atafstandselementerne (20, 20') har en afkortet kegleformet eller frustrumfomiet ud-formning med en omskrevet tværsnitsoverflade, der bliver mindre med en stigende afstand fra overfladeenhedeme (10), og som er anbragt pâ overfladeenhederne (10) sâledes, at bundenhederne (11) og afdækningsenhederne (12) kan lægges overlappen-de hinanden pâ en mâde som et murværk, og bundenhederne (11) er forskudt i forhold til afdækningsenhederne (12) og er forbundet til afdækningsenhederne (12) ved hjælp af afstandselementerne (20, 20') til dannelse af drænlegemet, sa en samling af tre overfladeenheder (10, 10', 10") forbundet pâ en sâdan mâde kan være vilkârligt fortsatte.

2. Drænlegemet ifplge krav 1,kendetegnet ved, atafstandselementerne (20) er konfigureret som hule legemer og er dannet integreret sammen med overfladeenhedeme (10).

3. Drænlegemet ifplge et hvilket som helst af de foregâende krav,kendetegnet ved, atoverfladeenhedeme (10) er stabelbare med identisk orientering og indgribende i hinanden, fortrinsvis stabelbare uden nogen forskydning, sâledes at monteringsafstanden (DE) af overfladeenhedeme (10) er væsentligt stprre end deres afstand (DS) fra hinanden i stablet tilstand.

4. Drænlegemet ifplge et hvilket som helst af de foregâende krav,kendetegnet ved, atafstandselementerne (20) og / eller overfladeenhedeme (10) har plug / socket fastgprel-sessektioner (21, 22), der er fordelt sâledes, at fastgprelsesdelene (21, 22), som i hvert tilfælde er komplementære til hinanden, er i indgreb med hinanden i monteringstil-standen.

5. Drænlegemet if01ge krav 4,kendetegnet ved, atfastg0relsessektioneme (21, 22), som i hvert tilfælde er komplementære til hinanden, er anbragt pâ en overfladeenhed (10), sâledes at fplgende regler finder anvendelse:a) arrangementet af i hvert tilfælde identisk konfigurerede fastgprelses sektio-ner (21, 22) pâ en halvdel af overfladeenheden (10) er spejlvendt i forhold til diagonalen af nævnte halvdel af overfladeenheden (10);b) indretningen af fastgprelsessektioneme (21, 22) er spejlet i forhold til en fprste overflade-halveringslinie af overfladeenheden (10);c) med hensyn til den anden overflade-halveringslinie af overfladeenheden (10) er arrangementet af fastgprelsessektioneme (21, 22) omvendt, sâledes at den anden fastgprelsesdel (21, 22) i hvert tilfælde er placeret ved en spejlet position.

6. Drænlegemet ifplge et af kravene 4 eller 5,kendetegnet ved, atfastgprelsesdelene (21, 22) har lâseindretninger (24, 25) til gensidigt at lâse afstands-elementerne (20) og / eller til at lâse afstandselementerne (20) med overfladeenhedeme (10) i monteret tilstand.

7. Drænlegemet ifplge et hvilket som helst af de foregâende krav,kendetegnet ved, atoverfladeenhedeme (10) har break-out sektioner (13) til dannelse af inspektionsâbnin-ger (34), og at belastningsfordelingselementer (30) er tilvejebragt til at blive placeret pâ toppen af inspektionsâbningen (34) og til at understptte afdækningsenhederne (12).

8. Drænlegemet ifplge et hvilket som helst af de foregâende krav,kendetegnet ved, atafstandselementerne (20, 20') har afstivningselementer pâ deres skaloverflader, især afstivningskanter (26) til afstivning mod udbuling og foldning.

9. Drænlegemet ifplge et hvilket som helst af de foregâende krav, kendetegnet ved, atsidevægge (15) er tilvejebragt og konfigureret, sa de kan fastg0res til bundenhederne (11) og afdækningsenheder (12) under sammenkobling af dem.

10. Drænlegemet if01ge krav 9,kendetegnet ved, atsidevæggene (15) har sîdevægest0tter (18), der efter kobling af sidevæggene (15) til bundenhederne (11) og afdækningsenhedeme (12) til underst0ttelse af sidevæggene (15) er i indgreb med afstandselementeme (20, 20') fortrinsvis i enderne deraf.

11. Drænlegemet if01ge et hvilket som helst af de foregâende krav,kendetegnet ved, atoverfladeenhederne (10) har forbindelsesindretninger (41, 43), især ved kantsiden til vandret og / eller lodret forbindelse til andre overfladeenheder (10) og / eller til monte-ring af sidevægge (15).

12. Drænlegemet if01ge et hvilket som helst af de foregâende krav,kendetegnet ved,dækelementer (35) til dækning af âbninger i overfladeenhederne (10) i omrâdet med afstandselementeme (20).