Drilling apparatus for making a borehole with pipe and method for operating a drilling apparatus

Abstract

The invention relates to a drilling rig for creating a cased borehole, comprising a first drill drive for rotating a drill string, at the lower end of which a drill bit for removing soil material is arranged, a mast along which the first drill drive can be moved by means of a carriage, and a second drive with which a casing pipe for the borehole can be driven into the ground. According to the invention, a computer unit is provided in which the instantaneous drilling depth of the drill bit and the penetration depth of the casing pipe are displayed. Furthermore, a monitor is provided on which the instantaneous drilling depth in relation to the insertion depth of the casing pipe can be displayed by the computer unit. The invention further relates to a method for operating such a drilling rig.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a drilling device for creating a cased borehole, comprising a first drilling drive for rotating a drill rod, at the lower end of which a drilling tool for removing soil material is arranged, a mast along which the first drilling drive can be moved with a carriage, and a second drive with which a support tube for the borehole can be introduced into the ground, according to the preamble of claim 1.

[0002] The invention further relates to a method for operating a drilling device with which a borehole is created with a support tube, according to claim 6.

[0003] A drilling rig for creating a cased borehole is known, for example, from EP 1 548 226 A1. Cased boreholes are required, for example, when installing foundation piles in loose soil. The borehole is equipped with a support tube, which stabilizes the borehole wall and ensures that no soil material falls into the borehole and prevents it from collapsing.

[0004] EP 2 662 523 A1 discloses a drilling rig for creating a cased borehole. It is provided that a drill rod is inserted into the ground on a mast by means of a first drill drive, and a support tube is inserted into the ground by means of a second drill drive. The guide devices for the two drives are spaced apart on the mast and can be adjusted manually or automatically.

[0005] "Hydraulic CFA Rotary Rig; SF-65"; Soilmec describes the provision of a screen on a drilling rig for drilling into soil, which is intended to enable the operator to perform various functions more efficiently. In particular, monitoring and querying the drilling depth is intended to be possible.

[0006] EP 2 468 960 A1 teaches a drilling device for creating a cased borehole, which includes a data processing unit that also determines the depth using sensors. The parameter control system can display the parameters or present them as graphs.

[0007] There are fundamentally different methods for installing a support pipe in a borehole. For example, it is common practice to insert a support pipe using a vibrator or ram before excavating soil. The soil within the support pipe can then be removed and excavated. This method for creating a cased borehole is only possible under certain soil conditions.

[0008] Another common practice is to first drill a borehole and then insert the support pipe into it. This method, too, is only suitable for certain soil conditions, as the borehole wall must be sufficiently stable until the support pipe is inserted.

[0009] A common method involves inserting a support tube into the ground essentially simultaneously with the drilling of the borehole. For this purpose, a drilling rig of this type is used, which has a first drive for rotating a drilling tool, which removes soil material and removes it from the borehole. The drilling rig also has a second drive, which is used to screw the support tube into the ground.

[0010] These known methods have two basic variants. In one variant, the support pipe precedes the drilling tool. This variant is useful, for example, when cutting through soil layers containing groundwater. The support pipe ensures that groundwater cannot penetrate the borehole or penetrate other soil layers. Preceding the insertion of the support pipe serves as a safeguard against ground failure. Depending on the desired casing depth, the support pipe is assembled from several pipe elements.

[0011] According to one variant of the process, the drilling tool can advance the support tube. This is particularly useful when penetrating harder soil layers, as the advance of the drilling tool facilitates the subsequent insertion of the support tube.

[0012] During the drilling of a borehole, the two process variants can also be combined, depending on the soil layers to be penetrated. However, creating a cased borehole requires considerable experience from the drilling rig operator.

[0013] The invention is based on the Aufgabe The aim of the invention is to provide a drilling rig for creating a cased borehole and a method for operating such a drilling rig, with which a cased borehole can be created efficiently and particularly reliably.

[0014] According to the invention, the object is achieved, on the one hand, by a drilling device having the features of claim 1 and, on the other hand, by a method having the features of claim 6. Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the respective dependent claims.

[0015] The drilling device according to the invention is characterized in that a current drilling depth of the drilling tool and an insertion depth of the support tube are specified in the computer unit and that a monitor is provided on which the current drilling depth in relation to the insertion depth of the support tube can be displayed as a bar graph by the computer unit.

[0016] A basic idea of ​​the invention is to show the operator the current drilling depth in relation to the insertion depth of the support pipe on a monitor via a computer unit. The operator can therefore easily see the position of the support pipe and drilling tool. In particular, it can be easily determined whether the support pipe is ahead of the drilling tool or vice versa. This makes it much easier for the operator to create a cased borehole. In particular, the operator can switch between the process variants depending on the depth, with a support pipe leading the borehole in one case and the drilling tool leading the borehole in another. When creating a borehole through different soil layers, the most suitable process variant can therefore always be selected. This enables a particularly efficient and therefore cost-effective creation of a cased borehole.

[0017] The computer unit can be fully or partially integrated into the control system of the drilling rig or form an independent unit, which can also be retrofitted.

[0018] A preferred embodiment of the invention is that the second drive is an output element driven by a motor of the first drill drive. The first drill drive preferably consists of one or more hydraulic motors. These preferably drive the drill rod, in particular a telescopic Kelly drill rod, via a corresponding reduction gear. To insert the support tube, the torque of the drill drive motor is transmitted to the support tube via the annular output element. In this case, the second drive essentially consists of the gearbox, without having a separate motor itself.

[0019] The drilling rig mast has only one motor unit with two output options. One drives the Kelly bar and thus the drilling tool via the hollow shaft. The other drives a rotary table via an output flanged to the lower end of the hollow shaft, preferably via a cardan joint, which is connected between the two. The rotary gear is designed with drive cups for the Kelly bar mounted at the top and a flange screwed on at the bottom for the rotary table drive.

[0020] According to a further development of the invention, it is particularly preferred that the first drill drive and the second drive are arranged together on the carriage. The carriage, also referred to as the drill drive carriage, is moved along the mast via a feed winch. The drill rod preferably extends through the annular first drill drive, with the drill rod and the drilling tool being vertically adjustable via a main winch on the drilling rig. The drill drive preferably forms a lower stop for the drill rod.

[0021] An alternative development of the invention consists in the second drive being a casing oscillator mounted on a substructure of the drilling rig. The casing oscillator represents a drive unit independent of the first drilling drive. The casing oscillator can have a suitable motor or drive capable of exerting the necessary torque and, if necessary, the necessary axial force on the support pipe for insertion into the ground.

[0022] According to the invention, a preferred embodiment is provided in that the casing oscillator has a pivoting collet for rotating the support pipe into the ground. The collet can grip the support pipe using hydraulic cylinders, thus establishing a rotationally fixed connection to the support pipe. Additional pivoting cylinders can apply a rotational movement and torque to the support pipe, for example, screwing it into the ground.

[0023] According to the method according to the invention for operating a drilling device in which a borehole is created with a support tube, it is provided that an insertion depth of the support tube into the ground is specified in a computer unit, a current drilling depth of the drilling tool is recorded when creating the borehole and is specified in the computer unit and the current drilling depth is displayed as a bar graph on a monitor by means of the computer unit in relation to the insertion depth of the support tube.

[0024] The method is particularly suitable for operating a drilling rig as described above. This results in the advantages described above.

[0025] According to a further development of the method according to the invention, it is preferred that the current drilling depth of the drilling tool is detected via a first sensor device. The sensor device can, in particular, comprise measuring devices that have an unwound length of the main cable of the main winch for vertically moving the drill rod and / or for determining the unwound length of the feed winch, by which the carriage with the first drill drive is moved along the mast. In principle, however, other sensor devices can also be used to determine the current drilling depth, such as optical sensors or depth measurement using ultrasound or laser.

[0026] A further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention is that the insertion depth of the support tube is entered manually via an operating terminal or automatically via a second sensor device. The length of the support tube can be entered by the operator directly into the computer unit as a measure of the penetration depth, for example via a corresponding input field that can be displayed on the monitor. It is assumed that the support tube is inserted into the ground in its entirety. The input can also be made automatically, for example by a device for reading a corresponding marking on the support tube, such as an RFID tag. All essential information about the support tube, in particular about the length and thus the penetration depth of the support tube, can be stored in this tag. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that a current insertion depth of the support tube is determined by the second sensor device.Depending on the type of drive arrangement, this can also be achieved by determining the position of the carriage with the second drive for inserting the support pipe or by using appropriate optical sensors. Even when using a casing oscillator, the current insertion depth of the support pipe can be reliably determined using an appropriate sensor device. This can be done, for example, by detecting the movement of the collet chuck or by using optical sensors to determine the position of the support pipe.

[0027] A preferred method variant according to the invention consists in detecting the current drilling depth by measuring the position of a carriage of a first drilling drive and / or by measuring the position of a drill rod, to the lower end of which the drilling tool is attached. The previously described sensor devices can be used for this purpose.

[0028] A particularly clear representation is achieved according to the invention in that the computer unit generates a bar graph on the monitor showing the penetration depth of the support tube and the current drilling depth. Particularly when the bars are aligned vertically, the current position of the drilling tool relative to the lower end of the support tube becomes particularly clear and descriptive. In particular, the support tube can be displayed in a cross-sectional view with two lateral lines and a corresponding horizontal transverse line to define a lower and an upper edge. The drilling tool can be displayed pictorially or stylized as a horizontal bar in the support tube.

[0029] The method according to the invention is advantageously further developed in that the support tube is composed of at least two support tube elements, wherein an additive overall representation of the penetration depth is provided. By entering the length of an additional support tube, the maximum insertion depth of the support tube is increased and adjusted accordingly. The display on the monitor changes accordingly. If the support tube with the additional support tube element attached on top is then inserted further into the ground, the insertion depth and the corresponding display on the monitor changes accordingly. In principle, the inserted support tube can be composed of a plurality of support tube elements of different lengths. The length of the individual support tube elements can be entered into the computer unit via a corresponding input field that can be displayed on the monitor.In principle, input can also be performed by selecting predefined standard lengths of support tube elements. Preferably, automatic recognition and input is provided, for example, using a previously described RFID tag on the support tube element.

[0030] A further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention comprises displaying the support tube or support tube element on the monitor before and after insertion into the ground. Thus, the support tube with the additional support tube element attached on top is shown in an initial state. The support tube or the corresponding support tube element is located above a displayed ground surface. After insertion, the inserted support tube is displayed with the maximum insertion depth or the actual, currently reached insertion depth.

[0031] The support or drill pipe can be screwed into the subsoil using either the rotary drive on the drilling rig's mast, which can be moved using a turntable, or the casing oscillator. When the drill pipe is screwed in using the turntable, the current penetration depth of the drill pipe can be determined using the measuring sensors attached to the feed system. For this purpose, the position of the rotary drive along the mast is determined and calculated against the current drilling depth of the drilling tool. The position of the rotary drive can be determined using displacement sensors along the mast or via displacement sensors on the feed system, e.g. on the feed cable. The total length of the drill pipe can be determined either by input from the driver or by automatic recognition of the individual drill pipe sections using, for example, RFID tags. The length of the individual drill pipe sections is added together to form the total drill pipe length.The drilling depth of the drilling tool can be determined, for example, using the depth measurement of the main cable winch, which moves the Kelly bar, and the current locking position of the Kelly bar. However, it is also possible to set a zero position for the drilling depth by input from the operator when the base of the drilling tool reaches the top edge of the drill pipe. This allows the current drilling depth to be offset against the previously calculated total drill pipe length, and the difference between the drilling depth and the drill pipe installation length to be determined.

[0032] If the installation depth of the drill pipe is determined using a measuring system on the drilling rig mast, a switch or trigger must be used to determine whether the drill pipe is being screwed in or drilled out. This trigger can be triggered either by the operator's input or, in the case of automatic turntables, automatically by actuating the pipe fastening devices.

[0033] The invention will be further described below with reference to preferred embodiments, which are schematically illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the drawings: Fig. 1: a schematic side view of a drilling device according to the invention and Figures 2a to 2i: bar representations of a support tube and a bore according to the invention.

[0034] A drilling device 10 according to the invention according to Fig. 1 has an undercarriage 12 designed as a crawler chassis and a superstructure 14 rotatably mounted thereon. The undercarriage 12 and the superstructure 14 form a substructure 15. The drive units and the control station for the drilling rig 10 are arranged on the superstructure 14 in a known manner.

[0035] A vertical mast 18 with an upper mast head 19 is adjustably mounted on a front side of the superstructure 14 via a linkage kinematics 16 with neck cylinders. A carriage 20 is slidably guided along a front side of the mast 18. A first drill drive 22, which has a hydraulic motor 24, is provided on the carriage 20. Furthermore, a second drive 26 with a sleeve-shaped rotary joint 27 for establishing a rotationally fixed connection to a support tube 4 is provided on the carriage 20. The second drive 26 essentially consists of a gear connection to the first drill drive 22 and the hydraulic motor 24 in order to apply a torque to the rotary joint 27 and thus to the support tube 4.

[0036] The approximately sleeve-shaped first drill drive 22 is penetrated by a drill rod 30, which is designed as a Kelly rod with external drive bars. The drill rod 30 has an upper suspension 32, to which the drill rod 30 is connected to a main cable 39. The main cable 39 is guided via deflection pulleys on the mast head 19 to a main winch 38 on the top of the superstructure 14. By operating the main winch 38, the drill rod 30 can be moved vertically.

[0037] The carriage 20 is connected to a feed cable 37, which is guided above and below the carriage 20 along the mast 18 and is actuated by a feed winch 36. The feed winch 36 allows the carriage 20 to be moved up or down along a guide of the mast 18.

[0038] A drilling tool 34 for removing soil material is attached to the underside of the drill rod 30. In the illustrated embodiment, the drilling tool 34 is Fig. 1 designed as a drilling bucket. The diameter of the drilling tool 34 is designed such that it can be inserted into the inner cavity of the support tube 4.

[0039] With the drilling rig 10, a cased borehole can be created in the ground 1. For an efficient creation of a cased borehole, a coordinated insertion of the support pipe 4 with the sinking of the borehole is necessary. Fig. 1 In a first step, the support tube 4 is inserted into the ground 1 to a first penetration depth.

[0040] This condition is schematically shown in Fig. 2a which shows a bar chart provided according to the invention, which can be displayed on a monitor to the operator in the drilling device 10. According to the illustration according to Fig. 2a no soil excavation has yet taken place.

[0041] The length of the support tube 4 can be entered by the operator on the monitor of a computer unit. For the depth measurement, the lower edge of the drilling tool 34 is set to zero at the upper edge of the support tube. This establishes the reference between the drilling tool 34 and the support tube 4 in the computer unit.

[0042] According to Fig. 2b The next step is to drill out the soil 1 from the support tube 4 using the drilling tool 34. By measuring the depth with a first sensor device on the main winch 38, the drilling progress can be monitored on the monitor of the computer unit. Both the length of the support tube 4 and the achieved drilling depth are displayed graphically on the monitor of the computer unit. The horizontal bar shifted downwards within the support tube 4 in Fig. 2b indicates the drilling depth of the drilling tool 34. In addition, the drilling tool 34 can be displayed on the monitor in the control station using an additional horizontal bar within the support tube 4.

[0043] Preferably, the difference between the support tube length and the achieved drilling depth can also be used as a measured value of the position of the drilling tool 34 relative to the support tube 4 on

[0044] The data can be displayed on a monitor. In addition to the graphic display, the operator receives an indication of whether the drilling tool 34 is drilling ahead or behind the support tube 4. In certain soil layers, this measurement is crucial for the subsequent quality of the bored pile.

[0045] In a further step according to Fig. 2c the support tube 4 is again coupled to the second drive 26, which can also be referred to as a power rotary head, and screwed further into the ground 1.

[0046] The new depth measurement reference is recorded by the operator resetting the lower edge of the drilling tool 34 to the upper edge of the support tube 4 or by measuring the achieved penetration depth via the depth measurement on the feed winch 36 using a second sensor device. For measuring the penetration via the depth measurement of the feed winch 36, a special mode can be set up in the computer unit for input by the operator or an automatic detection of the coupling of the second drive 26 to the support tube 4.

[0047] According to Fig. 2d After decoupling the second drive 26 from the support tube 4, further drilling takes place within the support tube 4. This can be done in one or more drilling processes.

[0048] The steps can be carried out according to the Figuren 2b bis 2d be carried out several times in succession.

[0049] Subsequently, according to Fig. 2e the placement of an additional support tube element 5, whereby an extended support tube 4 is formed. The length of the support tube 4 is determined in the computer unit and graphically displayed according to Fig. 2e shown.

[0050] For this purpose, the length of the additionally attached support tube element 5 is added to the previously known length of the support tube 4. The length of the additionally attached support tube element 5 is detected by the device operator's input into the computer unit or by automatic detection of the tube length by an identification system for the support tubes 4 / support tube elements 5, for example, using an RFID tag.

[0051] To relate the depth measurement back to the upper edge of the support tube 4, the operator resets the depth measurement with the lower edge of the drilling tool 34 at the upper edge of the support tube 4, or adjusts the depth by automatically correcting the achieved drilling depth by the specified or recorded length of the support tube 4 supplemented with the support tube element 5. This allows the depth measurement to be corrected automatically.

[0052] By coupling the extended support tube 4 with the second drive 26 again, the support tube 4 is screwed deeper into the ground 1, as can be seen from Fig. 2f Subsequently, according to Fig. 2g a further drilling and removal of the soil material from the support tube 4. The screwing in of the extended support tube 4 and the drilling of the soil material contained therein can also be carried out in several steps, as can be seen from the Figuren 2h und 2i emerges.

[0053] The Figuren 2a bis 2i The process shown shows the support tube 4 advancing relative to the bore 2. The graphical representation allows the operator to easily monitor this. The bore can also be advanced relative to the support tube in a similar manner.

Claims

1. Drilling apparatus for producing a cased bore (2), with - a first drill drive (22) for driving a drill rod (30) in a rotating manner, at the lower end of which a drilling tool (34) for removing ground material is arranged, - a mast (18), along which the first drill drive (22) is movable with a sledge (20), - a second drive (26), with which a support tube (4) for the bore (2) can be introduced into the ground (1), and - a computer unit, characterized in that - in the computer unit a current drilling depth of the drilling tool (34) and a depth of introduction of the support tube (4) are indicated, and - a monitor is provided, on which the current drilling depth in relation to the depth of introduction of the support tube (4) can be displayed graphically as a bar graph by the computer unit.

2. Drilling apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the second drive is an output element which is driven by a motor (24) of the first drill drive (22).

3. Drilling apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first drill drive (22) and the second drive (26) are jointly arranged on the sledge (20).

4. Drilling apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the second drive is a casing machine which is mounted on a base structure (15) of the drilling apparatus.

5. Drilling apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the casing machine has a pivotable collet for introducing the support tube (4) in a rotating manner into the ground (1).

6. Method for operating a drilling apparatus (10) according to anyone of the claims 1 to 5, in which a bore (2) is produced with a support tube (4), characterized in that - a depth of introduction of the support tube (4) into the ground(1) is indicated in a computer unit, - a current drilling depth of a drilling tool (34) is detected during the production of the bore (2) and indicated in the computer unit and - by means of the computer unit the current drilling depth in relation to the depth of introduction of the support tube (4) is displayed graphically as a bar graph on a monitor.

7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the detection of the current drilling depth of the drilling tool (34) takes place via a first sensor means.

8. Method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the input of the depth of introduction of the support tube (4) takes place manually via an operation terminal or automatically via a second sensor means.

9. Method according to anyone of the claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the detection of the current drilling depth takes place by means of a position measurement of a sledge (20) of a first drill drive (22) and / or a location measurement of a drill rod (30), at the lower end of which the drilling tool (34) is mounted.

10. Method according to anyone if the claims 6 to 9, characterized in that by way of the computer unit a bar display of the depth of introduction of the support tube (4)and of the current drilling depth is generated on the monitor.

11. Method according to anyone if the claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the support tube (4) is composed of at least two support tube elements (5), wherein an additive overall display of the depth of introduction is provided.

12. Method according to anyone of the claims 6 to 11, characterized in that on the monitor the support tube (4) or the support tube element (5) is displayed on the monitor before and after introduction into the ground (1).

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