Device for homogenizing and separating mixtures of particles

Abstract

Device (1) for homogenizing and separating mixtures of particles with two or more material discharges, wherein a rotating drum (5) is provided which on the one hand commins and homogenizes the mixture and on the other hand accelerates the particles in a predetermined direction.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a device for homogenizing and separating mixtures of substances from particles with two or more material discharges.

[0002] Slag, fly ash, shredder, shredder residues, household and commercial waste from both shredders and landfills must be separated into their components as thoroughly as possible for recycling.

[0003] Only when these initial mixtures of substances have been separated into their components can they be recycled.

[0004] For this purpose, a variety of sieving and separation processes are known, which can be carried out using appropriate devices.

[0005] However, these separation processes are very complex. Especially with sieving processes, a large number of sieves must be used. Baths are often employed for separation according to density.

[0006] All of this is complex, therefore expensive and prone to failure.

[0007] Furthermore, sticky mixtures of substances are very difficult or even impossible to separate. The cleaning effort required for such systems is considerable.

[0008] A device of this type is known from WO 2015 / 128753 A1.

[0009] The object of the invention is to propose a simple and safely operable device that makes it possible to separate mixtures of substances from particles according to density and, if necessary, to also comminute and / or homogenize the incoming mixture.

[0010] This problem is solved according to the invention by providing a rotating drum which, on the one hand, crushes and homogenizes the mixture and accelerates the particles in a predetermined direction, and, on the other hand, provides one, two or more material collection devices, each of which is adjustable with regard to incline, vertical and / or horizontal position, and in the other hand, the material collection devices are designed as a conveying element, a conveyor belt or a vibrating trough, each of which is adjustable with regard to incline, vertical and / or horizontal position.

[0011] The particles striking the drum are crushed and homogenized by the impact and then accelerated in the direction of the drum's rotation, depending on the point of impact, and ejected in a predetermined direction. As the particles are approximately the same size, they each acquire a corresponding kinetic energy based on their density, which determines their flight distance. The particles thus strike a material discharge at varying distances from the drum. The corresponding fractions are collected in the collection devices. By adjusting the collection devices, optimal adaptation to the substances contained in the mixture can be achieved, ensuring clean separation of the fractions. This allows the fractions to be reliably collected and immediately transported away.

[0012] According to the invention, it has proven to be very advantageous if the rotating drum is equipped with impact tools, whereby these impact tools can be fixedly or movably connected to the drum.

[0013] These impact tools accelerate and homogenize the particles particularly effectively. Depending on the material mixture being processed and the drum's rotational speed, these tools can be movable, preferably floating, or rigidly mounted.

[0014] In this context, it is also very advantageous if the striking tools are designed to be interchangeable.

[0015] This allows different impact tools to be used and worn tools to be easily replaced.

[0016] Furthermore, according to the invention, it has proven to be very advantageous if one or more drive motors are provided for the rotating drum, wherein the drive motor can be connected directly or indirectly to the drum.

[0017] An indirect drive provides particularly good protection for the drive motor. If a belt drive is used, it can also absorb shocks. A direct drive is also conceivable, as is a combination of several drive motors with the same or different drive concepts.

[0018] According to the invention, it has also proven to be very advantageous if the rotating drum is designed to be horizontally and / or vertically adjustable.

[0019] This allows the trajectories of the impacting particles to be adjusted. The position of the drum determines the starting point of each trajectory. Adjustment can be achieved not only via a suitable mounting, but also, for example, via an adjustment mechanism or similar device. Adjustment while the device is in operation is also conceivable.

[0020] A very advantageous embodiment of the invention is also present if a conveying device, preferably a conveyor belt or a vibrating trough, is provided which feeds the mixture of substances to be separated into the drum.

[0021] This allows the mixture to be precisely dispensed onto the drum. Different conveying devices can be used depending on the mixture.

[0022] It has also proven to be very advantageous if the conveying element, preferably the conveyor belt, is designed to be adjustable with respect to its slope and / or its end facing the drum in a horizontal and / or vertical direction, at least in relation to the drum.

[0023] This allows the impact position, quantity, and drop height to be adjusted depending on the mixture of materials to be separated. It also makes it possible to separate highly sticky mixtures without the undivided material becoming unintentionally stuck anywhere. The mixture impacting the drum is flung off due to centrifugal forces. All conveying elements can be adjustable, and it is conceivable that the adjustment could even be made during operation through appropriate design. Specifically, the conveying element that receives the so-called light discharge can also be adjustable.

[0024] In this context, it is also very advantageous if at least two conveying devices, preferably conveyor belts or vibrating troughs, are provided, whereby their conveying directions can be oriented in opposite directions.

[0025] Such an arrangement has proven to be particularly effective.

[0026] According to the invention, it is also extremely advantageous if one or more discharge devices for separated particles are provided, wherein conveying elements, preferably conveyor belts or screw conveyors, collection boxes or the like, can be provided, each of which can be designed to be adjustable with regard to incline, vertical and / or horizontal position.

[0027] This ensures at least near-continuous operation of the device. Optimal adaptation and resulting purity to the respective fractions can also be guaranteed by positioning the collection devices accordingly.

[0028] According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is also very advantageous if further separation devices are connected downstream of the separation device with drum.

[0029] This allows the initially created factions to be further separated.

[0030] In this context, it is very advantageous to have a high-speed conveyor belt that accelerates the particles to be separated.

[0031] By accelerating the particles in this way, they are separated, since each particle is given a corresponding momentum.

[0032] Another, extremely advantageous embodiment of the invention exists when a separation device is provided between two separations.

[0033] This further improves the separation between the separations.

[0034] According to the invention, it is also very advantageous if a material feed is provided which can be designed to be controllable.

[0035] This supplies the device with material that is to be separated.

[0036] Another very advantageous embodiment of the invention is provided when a dust extraction system with air supply and air extraction is provided, which can be designed to be controllable.

[0037] This allows very light particles that do not fit into any of the fractions to be extracted. The dust load is also reduced.

[0038] It is extremely advantageous if a filter system is provided that separates out particles carried along when the air is extracted.

[0039] This additional faction can also be separated and sorted out.

[0040] The invention is illustrated below using an exemplary embodiment.

[0041] This shows: Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a device according to the invention with a rotating drum and conveyor belts, and Fig. 2 is a detailed representation of the rotating drum.

[0042] With 1 is in Fig. 1 A device for comminuting, homogenizing, and separating mixtures of substances from particles is defined. This device 1 has a feed area 2 and a discharge area 3.

[0043] In the feed area 2, a conveyor belt 4 is arranged which rises at an angle in the transport direction and feeds a mixture of substances to be separated to a rotating drum 5.

[0044] For this purpose, the conveyor belt 4 ends above the rotating drum 5, so that the mixture of materials hits the drum 5 when it falls at the end of the conveyor belt 4.

[0045] The conveyor belt 4 can be designed to be adjustable in terms of its horizontal and / or vertical position and inclination, thus enabling adaptation to different material mixtures.

[0046] Likewise, the drum 5 is designed to be adjustable with regard to its horizontal and / or vertical position, whereby an adjustment mechanism or the like may be provided, which also allows adjustment to be made during the operation of the device 1.

[0047] Mixtures of materials consisting of particles, for example slag, fly ash, shredder material, shredder residues, and household and commercial waste from both shredders and landfills, must be separated into their constituent materials. For this purpose, they are conveyed via the conveyor belt 4 described above onto the rotating drum 5. Upon impact, the particles are further crushed and thus homogenized. These crushed and homogenized particles are then accelerated by the rotating drum 5 in a predetermined direction, into the discharge area 3.

[0048] Each particle receives a corresponding impulse from drum 5.

[0049] To ensure good momentum transfer and also to keep the scattering angle of the accelerated particles small, impact tools 6 are provided on the surface of the drum 5.

[0050] These striking tools 6 can, for example, be designed as transverse ribs. However, large and massive striking tools are also conceivable, which are either rigidly connected to the drum 5 or movably mounted. Movably mounted striking tools are then erected by centrifugal force due to the rotation of the drum.

[0051] It is advantageous that the striking tools 6 are designed to be replaceable, so that they can be exchanged when worn. However, it is also conceivable that the striking tools 6 are replaced together with the drum 5.

[0052] The size and shape of the impact tools are determined by the particles to be processed, especially by their mass and size.

[0053] If particles of approximately the same size but different masses now hit the rotating drum 5, they are flung to different distances in the direction of discharge 3 and thus separated from each other.

[0054] For this reason, it is particularly important that the particles are crushed and homogenized by the impact of the particles on the rotating drum 5 or the impact tools 6. The greater the homogeneity of the particle sizes, the better the separation between the fractions.

[0055] The drum 5 rotates forwards, so that the impacting particles are immediately accelerated in the direction of the discharge 3.

[0056] This design achieves a very narrow dispersion of the particles between 10° and 15° opening angle.

[0057] The drum 5 can be driven indirectly, for example by an electric motor 51, which is arranged outside the sorting area in the device 1 and is thus protected from contamination.

[0058] A direct drive is also conceivable.

[0059] By omitting guiding devices, the material mixture to be sorted can be sticky, as is common with many types of waste. This prevents it from adhering to and piling up on the guiding devices.

[0060] Sticking to the drum 5 and the percussion tools 6 is also prevented by the centrifugal forces that occur.

[0061] In this embodiment, two conveyor belts 7 and 8 are provided in the discharge area 3, which can be designed to be adjustable with regard to their inclination and horizontal and / or vertical position.

[0062] However, drip trays or other suitable devices are also conceivable, which can also be designed to be adjustable.

[0063] The separated fractions then meet the two conveyor belts 7 and 8 and are transported away by them, either to further treatment or to collection containers.

[0064] In this embodiment, the first conveyor belt 7 transports the particles downwards against the direction of throw of the drum 5, whereas the second conveyor belt 8 transports the fraction further in the direction of throw and transfers it to a high-speed conveyor belt 9.

[0065] On this high-speed conveyor belt 9, the particles of the fraction are accelerated and separated again.

[0066] In this separation process, a collection container 10 and a further conveyor belt 11 are available as collection devices. Here too, adjustment with regard to position and, if it is a conveyor belt, with regard to inclination is conceivable.

[0067] In this embodiment, conveyor belt 11 picks up the particles with lower density. This is known as the light discharge.

[0068] Several separation stages are conceivable.

[0069] By eliminating the need for conventional guide devices and baffles, even sticky material can be separated. This represents a significant advantage over known systems.

[0070] Additionally, a dust extraction system capable of removing very light particles can be provided. For this purpose, an air supply is located in the lower area of ​​discharge area 3 and an air extraction point is located in the upper area of ​​discharge area 3.

[0071] The dust extraction system ensures that the separated particles are not contaminated by lighter particles. These lighter particles are extracted and can be separated out, for example, by a separator or filter, thus representing a further separation step.

[0072] Conveyors not shown, or larger silos and larger collection containers, may be provided to ensure at least an approximately continuous operation of the device 1.

[0073] Overall, the separation sharpness and therefore the sorting quality of device 1 is very good.

Claims

1. Device (1) for homogenizing and separating particulary sticky mixtures of particles, having two or more material discharge outlets, wherein a rotating drum (5) is provided which, on the one hand, comminutes and homogenizes the mixture of particles and accelerates the particles in a predetermined direction, and wherein one, two, or more material collecting devices are provided, each being adjustable in terms of inclination and vertical and / or horizontal position, characterized in that the material collecting devices are configured as conveying elements, as conveyor belts (7, 8) or vibrating troughs, each being adjustable in terms of inclination and vertical and / or horizontal position.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotating drum (5) is equipped with impact tools (6), wherein said impact tools (6) may be connected to the drum (5) either fixedly or movably.

3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the impact tools (6) are designed to be replaceable.

4. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more drive motors (51) are provided for the rotating drum (5), wherein the drive motor (51) may be connected to the drum (5) either directly or indirectly.

5. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotating drum (5) is designed to be adjustable horizontally and / or vertically.

6. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a conveying element, a conveyor belt (4) or a vibrating trough, is provided to feed the material mixture to be separated to the drum (5), wherein the conveying element, preferably a conveyor belt (4), may be designed to be adjustable with regard to its inclination and / or the position of its end facing the drum (5), at least in the horizontal and / or vertical direction relative to the drum (5).

7. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two conveying elements, conveyor belts (7, 8) or vibrating troughs, are provided, wherein their conveying directions may be oriented in opposite directions.

8. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more discharge devices for separated particles are provided, utilizing conveying elements, preferably conveyor belts (7, 8) or screw conveyors, collection boxes, or the like, which may each be designed to be adjustable in terms of vertical and / or horizontal position.

9. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that further separation devices are arranged downstream of the separation device comprising the drum (5).

10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that a high-speed conveyor belt (9) is provided to accelerate particles to be separated.

11. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a separating device is provided between two separations.

12. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a material feed in is provided, which may be designed to be adjustable and is capable of depositing the material onto the first conveyor belt (4).

13. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a dedusting system with air supply and air extraction is provided, which may be designed to be controllable, and / or wherein a filter system may be provided which separates out particles entrained during the extraction of the air.

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