Fire protection closure

Abstract

The invention relates to a fire protection closure consisting of many layers of a flexible fire-resistant material for closing openings in building walls and for protecting rooms from the spread of fire.Fire protection closure made of several layers of an elastic refractory material, with at least one base layer of refractory material to which strip-shaped tabs of refractory material are attached, each of which is attached with one of its longitudinal edges, wherein at least one surface of the tab has a swelling coating made of a material which becomes thicker when heated, characterized in that it has two base layers (1) between which an intermediate layer (8) is located and which abut the two upper layers (7) and wherein each tab (2) in the swollen state of its swelling coating (5) is inclined from the surface of the base layer (1) and rests with its free edge (6) on the surface of the abutting upper layers (7) and intermediate layer (8).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a fire barrier consisting of many layers of a flexible fireproof material for closing openings in building walls and for protecting the rooms from the spread of fire.

[0002] A fire-resistant door cover, actually a roller blind, is known and was presented in the description of Polish patent application P - 402658. This already known roller blind consists of two essentially vertical and mutually parallel flexible layers, between which cross-connections, one above the other, are attached in the form of panels made of flexible material. Both the layers and the connections are made of non-combustible fabric. One of the horizontal edges of each connection is attached to one layer, while the other horizontal edge of the connection below is attached to the opposite layer. The continuous chambers between two adjacent connections are filled with panels of flexible insulating mat made of non-combustible mineral fiber. At least one of the side surfaces of each panel of insulating mat has a covering of aluminum foil that reflects thermal radiation. From Polish patent specification No.206404 is a fire-resistant rolling door with a single curtain and two multi-layered panels. Each panel has two outer shells made of rigid, hinged profile strips, between which ceramic fiber mats are inserted in layers.

[0003] Furthermore, Polish patent application P-380783 discloses a rollable fire barrier consisting of two flexible fire-resistant curtains. Each curtain has a two-layer casing consisting of a supporting layer of fire-resistant fabric and a thermal insulation layer in the form of a mineral wool mat. The two curtains are separated by an air space, while the two casing layers of each curtain are horizontally connected to each other at the top and bottom. Patent specification EP 2384792, in turn, describes a known fire barrier in the form of two multi-layered roll-up curtains. Between these curtains is an insulation space into which cooling air is blown. The inner curtain consists of chain-like, connected multi-layer segments, each consisting of two outer layers of fire-resistant fabric and an intermediate layer of thermally insulating material.Similarly, the outer curtain consists of two layers of fire-resistant fabric and an intermediate layer of heat-insulating material, with these layers riveted together at different heights. The common multi-layer curtain with a thickness of 10 to 30 mm does not achieve the minimum fire resistance of 30 minutes. Therefore, doors consisting of two curtains must be used, with the curtains fixed at a specific distance from each other depending on the required fire resistance. To ensure 120 minutes of fire resistance, a door consisting of two curtains is used, as described in the above-mentioned patent application P.380783, in which the two curtains are separated by an air space with a span of approximately 800 mm. This type of fire barrier takes up a lot of space, and its use entails considerable inspection and maintenance costs.Patent application BE 1018618 A4 discloses a fire barrier with two supporting layers in the form of flexible jackets made of a flexible fire-resistant material, separated from each other by an intermediate layer. Each jacket has one fold of the material distributed on the outside, with both jackets and the intermediate layer connected to each other at the junctions between the adjacent folds. The inner surfaces of the jackets and the folds, as well as the outer surfaces of the intermediate layer, are coated with swelling coatings made of a material that thickens when heated. After the inner coatings swell, the jackets and their folds form closed chambers separated at the junctions, with constrictions forming at the junctions between the adjacent chambers.As a result, the swollen closure has an uneven thickness at different heights, and the smallest thicknesses at the constrictions determine its fire resistance. Furthermore, the published application DE102010005455A1 describes a fire closure consisting of two fire protection curtains connected to separate winding shafts. Each curtain has a single-layer structure consisting of a supporting layer with strip-shaped tabs made of a fire-resistant material, one above the other. The strips are covered in pockets of a heat-resistant swelling coating made of a material that thickens when heated. Both curtains are positioned so closely together that the strips can remain between the vertical supporting layers of both curtains in the event of a fire. Given the need to use two separate curtains, the known closure has a complicated structure and is cost-intensive, as well as requiring a relatively large amount of space at the installation site.The fire protection barrier consisting of several layers of an elastic refractory material, with at least one supporting layer of refractory material to which strip-shaped tabs of refractory material are attached, each of which is attached by one of its longitudinal edges, wherein at least one surface of the tab has a swelling coating of a material which becomes thicker when heated, is characterized according to the invention in that it has two supporting layers, between which there is an intermediate layer, and two outer layers, wherein the tabs are attached opposite one another on both sides of the layer.

[0004] This creates insulating air channels between the spaced-apart layers and the tilted tabs.

[0005] It is advantageous if the supporting layers of the fire barrier are made of ceramic fiber fabric, glass fiber fabric, or ceramic fiber wool. The top layers of the fire barrier are ideally made of ceramic fiber fabric or glass fiber fabric. The insulating properties of the top layer are significantly improved if it is covered with a layer of aluminum foil. It is advantageous if the intermediate layer is made of ceramic fiber fabric, glass fiber fabric, or ceramic fiber wool. Depending on the required fire resistance of the fire barrier, the tabs are attached to both sides of the supporting layer. In this solution, the tabs are arranged opposite each other on both sides of the supporting layer.In the case of a stationary application of the fire barrier, when it is fixed in a support frame and forms a partition, the tabs of the supporting layer are aligned vertically, although they can also be aligned horizontally if necessary: ​​To maintain the elasticity of the fire barrier, the tabs can be attached to the supporting layer using metal clamps.

[0006] Thanks to this solution, the fire barrier is characterized by low material consumption and low production costs, as well as high fire resistance of up to 120 minutes. Depending on the width of the strip-shaped tabs, the thickness of the fire barrier in a cold state ranges from 12 to 30 mm. When heated during a fire to a temperature of around 1100°C, the fire barrier thickens to up to approximately 80 mm.

[0007] The drawing shows an embodiment of the invention, wherein the individual figures represent the following: Fig.1 - Cross-section of a section of a fire barrier with two supporting layers and a tight intermediate layer; Fig.2 - Cross-section of a section of a fire barrier with two supporting layers and a foamed intermediate layer Fig.3 - Cross-section of a section of a fire barrier with two supporting layers and a foamed intermediate layer coated on both sides with aluminium foil; Fig.4 - Cross-section of a section of a fire barrier with a flap with expansion coating in cold state; Fig.5 - Section through a section of a fire barrier according to Fig.19 with inclined flap; Fig.6 - Section through a section of a fire barrier in which both the base layer and the flaps have an expansion coating, in a cold state; Fig.7- Section through a section of a fire barrier according to Fig.21 with inclined flap; Fig.8 - Section through a section of a fire barrier with a flap with swelling coating on both sides in a cold state; Fig.9 - Section through a section of a fire barrier according to Fig.23 with inclined flap; Fig.10 - horizontal section through a door leaf with an internally inserted fire protection closure; Fig.11 - Front view of the fire protection closure in the form of a roller blind in the unrolled state; Fig.12 - vertical cross-section of the roller blind according to Fig. 26; Fig.13 - enlarged vertical cross-section of the roller blind with a supporting layer with a set of strip-shaped tabs on one side in cold condition.

[0008] The fire protection closure consists of two supporting layers 1, two upper classes 7 and an intermediate layer 8made of a fire-resistant material. On the base layer 1 are flexible, strip-shaped tabs 2 made of fireproof material with one of its longitudinal edges 3 fixed and arranged parallel to each other. At least one of the surfaces 4 the tab 2 has a swelling coating 5 made of a material that thickens when heated. During a fire, each tab 2 in the swollen state of their swelling coating 5 from the surface of the base layer 1 is inclined and with the free edge 6 on the surface of the adjacent upper layers 7 and intermediate layer 8 Each base layer 1 consists of ceramic fiber fabric 1A, Glass fiber fabric 1B or ceramic fiber wool. Each top layer 7 consists of ceramic fiber fabric 7A or made of glass fiber fabric 7B.To improve the insulating properties of the top layer 7 This is covered with a layer 9 Covered with aluminum foil. The intermediate layer 8 consists of ceramic fiber fabric 8A, Glass fiber fabric 8B or ceramic fiber wool 8C. Depending on the type of material used, the surface of the base layer 1 on the tab side either smooth or with a swelling coating 5 Depending on requirements, the tabs 2 horizontally or vertically aligned and using riveted seams or metal staples 10A on the base layer 1 The base layer 1 The fire protection closure can also be made with diagonally aligned tabs, as is not shown in the drawing. 2 On the base layer 1 There are tabs on both sides 2 with simple swelling coatings 5Each of the top layers 7 has a layer 9 Aluminum foil with swelling coating 5. Fig. 4 to Fig. 9 show a section of a fire protection closure with a flap 2 with a swelling coating 5, then a section of a fire protection closure with a base layer 1 and a tab 2, each of which has a swelling coating 5 as well as a section of a fire barrier, the supporting layer of which 1 with a layer 9 aluminum foil, and where the tab 2 swelling coatings on both sides 5 has. Figs. 4, 6 and 8 show the fire protection cutouts in a cold state, while Figs. 5, 7 and 9 the fire protection cutouts with the tabs inclined after heating 5 show. Fig. 10 also shows a fire protection closure that is integrated into a door leaf 11is used and has a base layer 1 with overlapping tabs on both sides 5 has.

[0009] The fire protection closure in the form of a roller blind is used to close a window opening 12 in a building wall 13. The upper edge 14 of the roller blind is attached to a horizontal, rotating winding shaft 15 attached to the window lintel 17 the window opening 12 attached housing 16 The side edges 18 of the roller blind sit slidably in immovable vertical guide rails 19, which are located on the sides of the window opening 12 At the bottom edge of the roller blind there is a weight 20 attached so that the unwinding of the roller blind from the winding shaft 15 supported. If the window opening 12 in the wall 13should remain open, the winding shaft 15 with a wound roller blind secured by a drive not shown in the drawing or electromagnetic holders controlled by smoke sensors not shown. When the drive or sensors are triggered, the roller blind unrolls and closes the window opening. 12.

[0010] The possible implementations of the invention are not limited to the example presented. If necessary, the fire barrier can be constructed over a larger number of supporting layers. 1 with tabs 2 and the individual layers of the fire barrier can be configured differently, alternately, and made of different fire-resistant materials. Designations

[0011] 1 - Base layer 1A - Ceramic fiber fabric 1B - Glass fiber fabric 2 - Flap 4 - Flap surface 5 - Swelling coating 6 - Edge 7 - Top layer 7A - Ceramic fiber fabric 7B - Glass fiber fabric 8 - Intermediate layer 8A - Ceramic fiber fabric 8B - Glass fiber fabric 8C - Ceramic fiber wool 9 - Aluminum foil layer 10A - Clamp 11 - Door leaf 12 - Window opening 13 - Building wall 14 - Top edge of the roller blind 15 - Winding shaft 16 - Housing 17 - Window lintel 18 - Side edge of the roller blind 19 - Guide rail 20 - Weight

Claims

1. Fire protection closure comprising a plurality of layers of elastic fire-resistant material, wherein the fire protection closure has two supporting layers, between which there is an intermediate layer and to which two upper layers adhere from the outside, wherein the supporting layer of fire-resistant material, to which strip-shaped slats of fire-resistant material are attached, each of the slats being attached with one of its longitudinal edges, wherein at least one surface of the slat has a swelling coating of material that becomes thicker after heating, and wherein each slat in the swollen state of its swelling coating inclines transversely away from the supporting layer and rests with its free edge on the surface of the adjacent upper layers (7) or intermediate layer (8), wherein the slats (2) are arranged opposite one another on both sides of the supporting layers (1).

2. Fire protection closure according to claim 1, characterized in that its supporting layer (1) is made of ceramic fiber fabric (1A).

3. Fire protection closure according to claim 1, characterized in that its supporting layer (1) is made of glass fiber fabric (1B).

4. Fire protection closure according to claim 1, characterized in that its supporting layer (1) is made of ceramic fiber wool (1C).

5. Fire protection closure according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper layer (7) is made of ceramic fiber fabric (7A).

6. Fire protection closure according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper layer (7) is made of glass fiber fabric (7B).

7. Fire protection closure according to claim 1 or 5 or 6, characterized in that the upper layer (7) is covered with a layer (9) of aluminum foil.

8. Fire protection closure according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate layer (8) is made of ceramic fiber fabric (8A).

9. Fire protection closure according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate layer (8) is made of ceramic fiber wool (8C).

10. Fire protection closure according to claim 1, characterized in that the slats (2) are attached to both sides of the supporting layer (1).

11. Fire protection closure according to claim 10, characterized in that the slats (2) are arranged opposite one another on both sides of the supporting layer (1).

12. Fire protection closure according to claim 1 or 10 or 11, characterized in that the slats (2) are fastened to the supporting layer (1) by means of metal staples (10A).

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