Assembly and method for post-reinforcing a component with at least one discontinuity area

Abstract

An arrangement comprises a component (1) having at least one discontinuity region (5) and at least one reinforcing element (9) which is arranged at least sectionally within a borehole (6) in the at least one discontinuity region (5) and is anchored at each end.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an arrangement for subsequently reinforcing a component with at least one discontinuity area.

[0002] DE 10 2019 217 313 A1 discloses a reinforcement device for an existing structure, wherein a reinforcement layer can be attached to an outer surface of the existing structure and anchored to the existing structure by means of an anchoring element.

[0003] EP 2 715 013 B1 discloses a punching shear protection device or a subsequent shear force reinforcement.

[0004] DE 299 24 305 U1 discloses an anchoring system for a flat reinforcement element made of plastic.

[0005] For the static design, and in particular the dimensioning and construction, of continuous structural components, design rules apply, especially the required bending force and / or shear force verifications, which are based on the assumption that the cross-sections within a component remain planar. These design rules are not applicable to components with discontinuities. Discontinuity zones include, for example, frame corners, brackets, and / or notched supports. A discontinuity zone is formed by abrupt changes in cross-section. The static design of such a discontinuity zone is essential, particularly with regard to the service life assessment or calculation of the component.

[0006] The invention is based on the objective of simplifying the static design of components with a discontinuity area, in particular improving the determination of the service life of the component and, in particular, being able to reliably produce the component with an increased service life.

[0007] This problem is solved according to the invention by an arrangement with the features specified in claim 1.

[0008] According to the invention, it has been found that a discontinuity zone in a structural component can be advantageously represented by a so-called truss model, which can form the basis for the design, in particular for structural analysis. This makes it possible to model the load-bearing behavior of the discontinuity zone in the form of a truss. The truss comprises tension members and compression members. It has been found that a real structural component, in particular a composite component and especially an existing reinforced concrete structure, can be advantageously modeled using such a truss model. Compression members can be represented by a base material of the component, in particular concrete. Tension members can be represented by separate reinforcing elements. Such a reinforcing element is in particular a reinforcement element and in particular a reinforcing bar, which is also referred to as reinforcing steel, reinforcing steel, or rebar.The at least one reinforcing element is a tension / compression element. The truss model makes it possible to identify tension members that, particularly in an existing structure, lack sufficient strength and / or are damaged. Such identified tension members can be selectively replaced or supplemented with new ones to restore and / or increase the load-bearing capacity and serviceability of the discontinuity area. A further advantage of the invention is that excessive stresses in the compression members, especially the concrete members, can be detected and eliminated. Reinforcing elements can be introduced, particularly retroactively, to selectively strengthen the compression members.

[0009] The reinforcing element may originally be present in the component as a reinforcement element, in particular cast into the base material, especially concrete. The reinforcing element may also or alternatively have been subsequently inserted into the base material, i.e., into the concrete, particularly into a borehole that is at least partially located within the discontinuity zone. The discontinuity zone is formed, in particular, on both sides of a sudden change in cross-section. The reinforcing element is anchored at each end. If the reinforcing element was initially embedded in the base material, it is inherently anchored at its end.

[0010] According to the invention, the subsequent reinforcement of a component with a discontinuity is particularly advantageous if the component is an existing structure made of concrete, and especially reinforced concrete. However, the component can also be made of other materials, in particular stone, masonry, wood, and / or plastic.

[0011] It was found that by retrofitting a reinforcement element, the discontinuity area, and thus the component as a whole, can be stabilized, i.e., strengthened. The service life of such a component is increased. Replacement and / or remanufacturing of such a component can be delayed and, in particular, prevented. This method is cost-efficient and sustainable, thus making it both economically and ecologically sound.

[0012] The reinforcing element is preferably rod-shaped or bar-shaped and has a linear longitudinal axis. Anchoring in the component is advantageously possible at both opposite end faces. Attaching and anchoring the reinforcing element in the component is straightforward and efficient. Reinforcing the component is therefore simple.

[0013] The design of the reinforcement element as a reinforcing bar with an external coarse thread is particularly advantageous for use in concrete components. The reinforcement element is available as a standardized, mass-produced item, making it cost-effective, with a defined geometry and standardized strength. Such a reinforcement element is robust and highly reliable. It enables reliable and verifiable reinforcement of the component. A component reinforced in this way exhibits predictable strength and stability.

[0014] The arrangement, in which at least one reinforcing element has a first anchoring element at a first end and a second anchoring element at a second end opposite the first end, simplifies anchoring in the borehole.

[0015] The design of the reinforcement element, in which the first anchoring element is formed as a self-tapping external thread in one piece on the at least one reinforcement element and in which the second anchoring element is either also formed as a self-tapping external thread in one piece on the at least one reinforcement element or is formed in multiple parts and includes a coupling element that can be mechanically coupled to the at least one reinforcement element, enables direct anchoring in the borehole and / or flexible anchoring of the reinforcement element by means of a coupling element.

[0016] The arrangement of the first anchoring element completely within the borehole enables an internally arranged and protected anchoring of the reinforcement element in the component.

[0017] The arrangement, in which the second anchoring element is either located entirely within the borehole or supported on a surface of the component adjacent to the borehole, allows for flexible reinforcement of the component. Positioning the second anchoring element entirely within the borehole provides a protected and, in particular, visually appealing, because concealed, arrangement.

[0018] An external anchoring of the second anchoring element, particularly by supporting it on a surface of the component adjacent to the borehole, simplifies access and installation. In particular, subsequent removal of the reinforcement element is simplified with an external anchoring. The second anchoring element can be supported on the surface, in particular, by means of a coupling element that can be mechanically coupled to the reinforcement element. The coupling element is, for example, a screw nut that can be screwed onto the reinforcement element. In this case, the second anchoring element has, in particular, a coupling thread, especially a metric external thread or a coarse external thread.

[0019] An arrangement according to claim 2 enables an improved, in particular increased, load-bearing capacity of the reinforced arrangement. Surface reinforcement is arranged, in particular, across the surface of the component and attached to it, especially embedded. Surface reinforcement in the form of textile-reinforced concrete has proven particularly advantageous. It is especially advantageous if the surface reinforcement is mechanically coupled to the reinforcing element. This further increases the strength. The surface reinforcement is attached to the component as a whole by means of the reinforcing element. Additionally or alternatively, textile-reinforced concrete can be integrated into the component as part of a composite layer. Separate attachment by means of the reinforcing element may then be unnecessary. A plate-like element, in particular a metal plate, especially a steel plate, can also serve as surface reinforcement.In particular, several planar elements can be connected to one another, for example to form an angle profile element and / or an element enclosing the original cross-section. The surface reinforcement can be dimensionally stable or flexible.

[0020] An arrangement according to claim 3 exhibits additionally increased strength, particularly in a corner region of the component. Specifically, in a concave region of the component, a deflection element ensures the targeted deflection of the surface reinforcement on the component's surface. Furthermore, reliable, and in particular, full-surface contact of the surface reinforcement with the component's surface is guaranteed. Undesired gaps between the surface reinforcement and the component's surface can be reduced and, in particular, prevented.

[0021] An arrangement according to claim 4 enables a stable, i.e., mechanically robust, and easily manufactured external reinforcement. The at least one reinforcement element is attached to a mounting plate and, in particular, welded to it. The mounting plate is attached to the surface of the component.

[0022] An arrangement according to claim 5 enables improved absorption of torsional stresses, which act in particular with respect to a component longitudinal axis of the at least one discontinuity region.

[0023] An arrangement according to claim 6 ensures uncomplicated absorption of torsional stresses, in particular without additional components and in particular exclusively by suitable arrangement of several additional reinforcement elements, in particular in the form of concrete screws and / or continuously arranged threaded rods.

[0024] An arrangement according to claim 7 enables large-area reinforcement, which is particularly advantageous for especially large components.

[0025] A method for subsequently reinforcing a component having a discontinuity region, comprising the steps of providing the component with a discontinuity region, attaching at least one reinforcing element at least sectionally within a borehole in the discontinuity region, and anchoring the at least one reinforcing element to the component at its end, essentially has the advantages of the arrangement according to claim 1. It is particularly advantageous that a reinforcing element can be attached to an existing component, thereby mechanically reinforcing the discontinuity region of the component and, consequently, the component as a whole.

[0026] Both the features specified in the patent claims and the features specified in the following description of exemplary embodiments of the arrangement according to the invention are each suitable, individually or in combination with one another, for further developing the subject matter of the invention, provided that these features or combinations fall within the scope of protection of the patent claims. The respective combinations of features do not constitute a limitation with regard to further developments of the subject matter of the invention, but are essentially merely exemplary.

[0027] Additional features, advantageous embodiments, and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. The drawings show: Fig. 1 a schematic representation of a component with discontinuity areas, Fig. 2 an enlarged, sectioned view of detail II in Fig. 1 , Fig. 3 an enlarged, cutaway view of detail III in Fig. 1 , Fig. 4 an enlarged, cutaway view of detail IV in Fig. 1 , Fig. 5 Fig. 2 corresponding representation of a solvent strengthening, Fig. 6 Fig. 2 corresponding representation of a further consolidation strengthening, Fig. 7 Fig. 2 corresponding illustration of a reinforcement at a notched support, Fig. 8 Fig. 7 corresponding representation with an alternative arrangement of the reinforcement elements, Fig. 9 a side view of a component with a discontinuity area in the form of an opening, Fig. 10 a sectional view according to section line XX in Fig. 9 , Fig. 11 Fig. 2 corresponding representation of an arrangement for alternating stresses, Fig. 12 Fig. 3 Corresponding representation of a node reinforcement with a support of a slab and a beam, Fig. 13 an enlarged detail view of detail XIII in Fig. 12 , Fig. 14 Fig. 2 corresponding representation with surface reinforcement and a deflection element, Fig. 15 Fig. 3 Corresponding representation with surface reinforcements and deflection elements, Fig. 16 Fig. 15 corresponding representation with surface reinforcement in the form of metal sheets, Fig. 17 Fig. 16 corresponding representation with diagonally arranged reinforcing elements, Fig. 18 Fig. 3 corresponding sectional view with several additional reinforcement elements arranged perpendicular to a component longitudinal axis of the at least one discontinuity area, Fig. 19 a sectional view according to section line XIX-XIX in Fig. 18 , Fig. 20 Fig. 18 corresponding side view of a component with an external reinforcement layer, Fig. 21 a sectional view according to section line XXI-XXI in Fig. 20 .

[0028] A in Fig. 1 bis 4 The component 1 shown comprises a base material, in particular concrete, which is designed, in particular, as a skeleton structure. The component 1 is, in particular, an existing structure. The component 1 has a beam 2, which is also referred to as beam 2 and which, in particular, extends horizontally. The beam 2 is supported on a substrate by means of several columns 3. The columns 3 are inclined relative to a horizontal direction and, in particular, are arranged vertically. The columns 3 are also referred to as vertical beams or girders 3. The component 1 is, in particular, designed as a single unit. The columns 3 are connected to each other via the crossbeam 2. At their ends facing away from the beam 2, the columns 3 have a plate-like support element 4. The support elements 4 are also referred to as column bases, foundation elements, or footings. The component 1 rests on the substrate by means of the support elements 4.The intersections between beam 2 and the respective supports 3 are referred to as frame corners. These frame corners each form a discontinuity zone 5 of component 1. The discontinuity zones can be L-shaped, T-shaped, or cross-shaped.

[0029] In Fig. 2 An L-shaped discontinuity area 5 is shown in more detail. In the intersection area of ​​beam 2 and column 3, two boreholes 6 are drilled into component 1. Each borehole 6 has a longitudinal axis 7 oriented parallel to the longitudinal extent of beam 2 and column 3, respectively. With respect to a transverse extent perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 7, the boreholes 6 are located off-center on beam 2 and column 3, and in particular in an outer area. A respective transverse distance A in the plane oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 7 to the adjacent, outer surface 8 of the beam 2 or the support 3 is in particular less than half the respective thickness D, in particular A ≤ 0.4 x D, in particular A ≤ 0.3 x D, in particular A ≤ 0.2 x D, in particular A ≤ 0.1 x D and in particular A ≤ 0.05 x D.

[0030] Each of the boreholes 6 contains a reinforcing element 9, which is anchored at two points in the discontinuity area 5. The reinforcing element 9 is particularly suitable for transmitting tensile loads. The reinforcing element 9 is a tensile element. In principle, the reinforcing element 9 is also suitable for transmitting compressive loads. Generally, the reinforcing element 9 is a tension / compression element.

[0031] The respective reinforcement element 9 is designed as a reinforcing element in the form of a reinforcing bar, specifically as reinforcing steel with an external coarse thread. The reinforcement element 9 has a first end 10 and an opposing second end 11. At each first end 10, the reinforcement element 9 has a first anchorage element 12, which is designed as an external cutting thread. Accordingly, the first anchorage element 12 is integrally formed and molded in one piece on both reinforcement elements 9.

[0032] Instead of the anchoring element 12 being integrally formed with the reinforcing element 9 in the form of a self-tapping external thread, it is also possible to provide a separate anchoring element 12 that can be permanently or detachably coupled to the reinforcing element 9. A detachable coupling of the anchoring element 12 to the reinforcing element 9 is particularly advantageous with a coupling thread connection, especially if the reinforcing element 9 has a coarse external thread onto which the anchoring element 12 can be screwed with a corresponding internal thread or slipped onto a corresponding through-hole and secured by means of a retaining nut.

[0033] A detachable coupling of an internal reinforcement element would be possible, for example, by means of an element that is at least partially sleeve-like. Such a sleeve element can be designed with a self-tapping external thread on its outer circumference and with an internal contour such that it can be coupled to the reinforcement element. For example, such a reinforcement element can be pre-screwed into the borehole 6 and anchored directly by means of the self-tapping external thread, with the reinforcement element then being coupled to the anchoring element 12, 13 anchored in the borehole 6. Alternatively, it is possible to pre-couple the anchoring element 12, 13 to the reinforcement element 9, i.e., outside the borehole 6, either detachably or permanently, and then screw it into the borehole 6 in the coupled arrangement and anchor it there.

[0034] The external cutting thread 12 is designed such that, when the reinforcing element 9 is screwed into the borehole 6, it automatically cuts an internal thread in the borehole wall. The reinforcing element 9 is automatically and immediately anchored when screwed into the borehole 6. The first anchoring element 12 is arranged internally.

[0035] The reinforcing element 9 protrudes from the respective borehole 6 at its second end 11 on the surface 8. This second end 11 is located externally with respect to the component 1. A second anchoring element 13, which has a coupling section, is arranged at the second end 11. The coupling section is designed, in particular, as a coupling thread, especially a metric thread. It is advantageous if the reinforcing element 9 is designed as a threaded rod and already has a metric thread. In this case, the formation of a separate coupling section, in particular by rolling on a coupling thread, is unnecessary. However, the external coarse thread already present on the reinforcing element 9 can also serve as the coupling thread. The coupling section is, in particular, integrally formed in one piece on the reinforcing element 9.The coupling section interacts with a coupling element 14, which, in particular, is designed separately and, according to the illustrated embodiment, is configured as a fastening nut 14. The fastening nut 14 is screwed onto and fastened to the second anchoring element 13, in particular the coupling section. The coupling element 14 allows the reinforcing element 9 to be supported and anchored to the component 1, in particular to the surface 8, on the second anchoring element 13. According to the illustrated embodiment, a support washer 15 is arranged between the coupling element 14 and the surface 8.

[0036] For presentation purposes only, the two reinforcement elements 9 are shown together in Fig. 2 As shown. It is understood that borehole 6, unlike what is shown. Fig. 2 suggests that they are not arranged in one and the same plane and, in particular, in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. Fig. 2 are spaced apart from each other.

[0037] More than two reinforcement elements 9 can be placed in the discontinuity area 5 according to Fig. 2 be arranged, in particular in different planes that are in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing according to Fig. 2 are arranged one after the other.

[0038] It is understood that the anchoring elements 12, 13 can be arranged either internally and / or externally on the component 1. It is advantageous if at least one anchoring element is arranged internally.

[0039] It is essential that the beam 2 and the support 3 intersect. This intersection area 16 is marked with dotted lines. It is advantageous if the various reinforcing elements 9 extend through the intersection area 16 and, in particular, project beyond it on both sides. If the intersection area 16 ends at a surface 8 of the component 1, an external anchorage is provided in this area. Otherwise, an internal anchorage may be advantageous.

[0040] The discontinuity area 5 according to Fig. 3 is essentially cross-shaped or plus-shaped. In the discontinuity area 5 shown, four reinforcing elements 9 are arranged, with two reinforcing elements 9 being assigned to the support 3 and the other two reinforcing elements 9 being assigned to the beam 2.

[0041] The boreholes 6 are arranged with their longitudinal axes 7 at an angle of inclination n relative to the longitudinal extensions of the beam 2 and the support 3, respectively, which, according to the illustrated embodiment, is 20°. The inclined arrangement of the reinforcing elements 9 relative to the respective longitudinal extensions of beam 2 and support 3 makes it possible to insert the reinforcing elements 9 into the discontinuity area 5 and, in particular, at the beams 2 and supports 3, which are designed as continuous components. A continuous component is understood to mean that the respective length of beam 2 and support 3 along their longitudinal extensions is large and, in particular, significantly greater than the length of the reinforcing elements 9.In particular, the longitudinal extent of beam 2 and / or support 3 is each at least twice the length of the reinforcing element 9 arranged therein, in particular five times as long, in particular ten times as long, in particular at least twenty times as long, in particular at least fifty times as long, in particular at least one hundred times as long. Due to the inclined orientation of the boreholes 6, lateral access for the reinforcing elements 9 into the component 1 is possible. The reinforcing elements are arranged symmetrically to each other with respect to the respective longitudinal extent of beam 2 and support 3. The arrangement can also be asymmetrical.

[0042] The arrangement of the boreholes 6 is in particular such that their vertical projection in the plane of the drawing is in accordance with Fig. 3 The two lines intersect at a central point S. The point of intersection S marks a line perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. Fig. 3 The oriented section line intersects the reinforcement elements 9 arranged in the different planes. The reinforcement elements 9 are arranged in a star or radial pattern within the discontinuity area 5.

[0043] All reinforcement elements 9 used in the discontinuity area 5 are each designed with two internal anchoring elements 12, 13. The reinforcement elements 9 can also be designed with one internal and one external anchoring element or with two external anchoring elements.

[0044] The discontinuity area 5 according to Fig. 4 is T-shaped and essentially represents a combination of the arrangement and design of the reinforcing elements 9 according to Fig. 2 and 3 dar.

[0045] The reinforcing elements 9 assigned to the bar 2 are as shown in Fig. 3 arranged at an angle. The two reinforcing elements 9 assigned to support 3 are each designed with an internal and an external anchorage.

[0046] The following refers to Fig. 5 Another embodiment of a component is described. Components that are structurally identical use the same reference numerals as in the previous embodiment, to which reference is hereby made. Structurally different, but functionally similar, parts receive the same reference numerals with a trailing "a".

[0047] Component 1a has a beam 2a with a bracket 17 integrally formed on it. The beam 2a is also referred to as support 2a. The bracket 17 is integrally formed with the support 2a. The bracket 17 defines the intersection area 16 and, in particular, also the discontinuity area 5a, which extends beyond the bracket 17 and the intersection area 16 into the support 2a, at least partially. The discontinuity area 5a is, in particular, larger than the intersection area 16. The bracket 17 serves, in particular, to absorb an external force F. The external force F causes a Fig. 5 The dashed line indicates the internal tensile force FZ acting on the console, which is oriented in a direction transverse and, in particular, perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of support 2a.

[0048] To reinforce the bracket 17, the borehole 6 in the component 1a is positioned such that the longitudinal axis 7 is oriented parallel to the line of action of the tensile force FZ. The reinforcing element 9 anchored in the borehole 6 has an internal anchor and an external anchor. According to the illustrated embodiment, the external anchor is arranged on the exposed surface 8 of the bracket 17, in particular the surface 8 that is oriented perpendicular to the line of action of the tensile force FZ.

[0049] Alternatively, the external anchorage can also be arranged on the opposite surface 8 of the support 2a. It is also conceivable that the reinforcing element 9 is designed with two internal anchorages.

[0050] According to the design of discontinuity area 5 in Fig. 2 The reinforcing element 9 is arranged externally at the console 17 in such a way that it is adjacent to the surface on which the external force FZ acts.

[0051] The following refers to Fig. 6 Another embodiment of a component is described. Structurally identical parts bear the same reference numerals as in the previous embodiments, to whose description reference is hereby made. Structurally different, but functionally similar, parts receive the same reference numerals with a trailing "b".

[0052] Unlike the console according to Fig. 5 Is component 1b in Fig. 6 The support 2b is essentially L-shaped. Its upper surface is flush with the console 17. The support element 2b projects from the console 17 only on one side along its longitudinal extent, namely downwards. Accordingly, a second reinforcing element, oriented along the longitudinal direction of the support element 2b, is additionally attached to the support element 2b, in particular with an internal and an external anchorage.

[0053] The following refers to Fig. 7 Another embodiment of a component is described. Structurally identical parts receive the same reference numerals as in the previous embodiments, to whose description reference is hereby made. Structurally different, but functionally similar, parts receive the same reference numerals with a trailing "c".

[0054] Component 1c is a beam 2c with a notch 18, i.e., a recess. The crossbeam 2c is also referred to as a beam. Component 1c is, in particular, a support element. Due to the notch 18, component 1c has a discontinuity zone 5c. The discontinuity zone 5c is reinforced by two reinforcing elements 9 oriented along the surfaces of the notch 18. The reinforcing elements are arranged externally with respect to the notch 18 at a distance A. Each reinforcing element 9 is designed with an internal and an external anchorage. The reinforcing elements 9 can also be designed with exclusively internal anchorages.

[0055] In embodiment 1d, which also shows a notched support, the two reinforcing elements are each arranged on the upper surface 8 of component 1d and, in particular, inserted into component 1d from the upper surface 8. This embodiment is particularly advantageous when access to component 1d from the side and / or from below is not possible. To enable advantageous absorption of the operating loads, especially transverse stresses, one of the reinforcing elements 9 is arranged at an inclination relative to the transverse extent of the bracket.

[0056] The following refers to Fig. 9 und 10 Another embodiment of a component is described. Structurally identical parts receive the same reference numerals as in the previous embodiments, to whose description reference is hereby made. Structurally different, but functionally similar, parts receive the same reference numerals with a trailing 'e'.

[0057] Component 1e is designed as a beam or wall element and has a large opening 19 in the form of a penetration. The opening 19 creates a discontinuity zone 5e in component 1e, particularly laterally and / or above and below the opening 19. Several reinforcing elements 9 are provided on component 1e to reinforce this discontinuity zone 5e.

[0058] A first group of reinforcing elements 9 extends in the thickness direction 36 of the component, i.e. perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in Fig. 9 According to the illustrated embodiment, four rows of eight reinforcing elements 9 each are provided on the front 20 and rear 21 of component 1e. Two rows are arranged above the opening 19 and two rows below the opening 19. Each row of reinforcing elements 9 is grouped together by an outer sheet metal strip 22 and mechanically coupled to one another. In this area, the reinforcing elements 9 are provided with an external anchor. The opposite end of each reinforcing element 9 is provided with an internal anchor, as is particularly evident in Fig. 10 is shown.

[0059] The reinforcement elements of the first group are tension / compression elements and can have continuous anchorage in the supporting structure. With continuous anchorages, the tension / compression elements can be inserted independently of one another, particularly on opposite sides 20, 21 into the component 1e. It is advantageous if two tension / compression elements overlap each other, i.e., are arranged overlapping in the thickness direction 36. This ensures force transmission from one side, for example the front 20, to the opposite side, for example the back 21.

[0060] Alternatively, the tension / compression elements can be designed with two end anchorages. The tension / compression elements are anchored at both ends 20, 21 of the cross-section, thus enabling force transmission from one side to the other without overlapping. This reduces, in particular halves, the number of required reinforcement elements.

[0061] A second group of reinforcing elements 9 comprises tensile elements, each oriented transversely and, in particular, perpendicularly to the planes defined by the sheet metal strips 22 that group together the reinforcing elements 9 of the first group. This second group of reinforcing elements 9 is thus oriented in the vertical direction H of component 1e and is arranged on a rib 23 surrounding the opening 19 on component 1e. The reinforcing elements 9 of the second group therefore extend in a direction oriented from a bottom surface 24 to a top surface 25 of component 1e. According to the illustrated embodiment, the reinforcing elements 9 extend from the bottom surface 24 towards the opening 19 or from an inner surface of the opening 19 towards the top surface 25.These reinforcement elements are each designed with an internal and an external anchor and could accordingly also be arranged in the opposite direction, i.e. oriented from the opening 19 to the underside 24 or from the top 25 to the opening 19.

[0062] The reinforcing elements 9 attached to the front 20 and back 21 have a length such that a free residual cross-section remains between the internal anchorages of these reinforcing elements, in which the reinforcing element of the second group is arranged.

[0063] On each side of the opening 19, a further reinforcing element 9 is arranged, having a length that extends substantially along the entire height H of the component 1e. The length of these further reinforcing elements 9 is, in particular, greater than the height of the opening 19. These reinforcing elements 9 overlap the opening 19 and form a lateral frame in the height direction H for the opening 19.

[0064] The reinforcement elements 9 of the second group are tension elements and serve in particular to absorb shear forces.

[0065] The following refers to Fig. 11 Another embodiment of a component is described. Structurally identical parts receive the same reference numerals as in the previous embodiments, to whose description reference is hereby made. Structurally different, but functionally similar, parts receive the same reference numerals with a trailing "f".

[0066] Component 1f essentially corresponds to the one in Fig. 2 , wherein additional internal reinforcing elements 9 are arranged, which are positioned adjacent to the inner side surfaces 26 at an edge distance B. In particular, B = A.

[0067] Another difference is that all reinforcement elements have exclusively internal anchoring elements.

[0068] Due to the double reinforcement in both beam 2 and column 3, component 1f is specifically designed to absorb alternating loads, particularly dynamically alternating loads, which may act on component 1f as a result of an earthquake, for example. Alternating loads are understood to be primarily tensile / compressive loads.

[0069] The following refers to Fig. 12 and 13 Another embodiment of a component is described. Structurally identical parts receive the same reference numerals as in the previous embodiments, to whose description reference is hereby made. Structurally different, but functionally similar, parts receive the same reference numerals with a trailing "g".

[0070] In contrast to the node element in Fig. 3 In component 1g, a beam 27 is attached in one piece to support 3g, and a ceiling element 28 is arranged on it. The ceiling element 28 has a transverse extension in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. Fig. 12 The cross-section of the beam and the column 3g is greater than the cross-section of the beam and the column 3g. A further column 3g is arranged on the upper surface of the ceiling element 28 opposite the beam 27 and is rigidly connected to the ceiling element 28. The node element of the component 1g has a stepwise varying cross-section, at least in some areas, due to the ceiling element 28.

[0071] A further difference is that at least one reinforcing element 9 is designed with an external anchorage. This external anchorage is achieved by means of a mounting unit 29. The mounting unit 29 has a mounting plate 30, in particular made of steel, which is placed against an outer surface 8 of the support 3g and can be attached to the support and, in particular, anchored by means of at least one fastening element 31. The fastening element is, in particular, a fastening screw that is guided through corresponding openings in the mounting plate and held by means of a retaining nut 32. The reinforcing element 9 is fixedly and, in particular, permanently attached to the mounting plate 30, especially by welding.

[0072] In particular, during assembly, the reinforcement element 9 and the mounting plate 30 are mounted independently of each other on the support 3g and connected to each other in the arrangement mounted on the support 3, in particular by frictional connection and / or by material connection, in particular by welding together.

[0073] The following refers to Fig. 14 Another embodiment of a component is described. Structurally identical parts receive the same reference numerals as in the previous embodiments, to whose description reference is hereby made. Structurally different, but functionally similar, parts receive the same reference numerals with a trailing 'h'.

[0074] Component 1h essentially corresponds to a frame corner according to Fig. 2 , wherein, in addition, surface reinforcement 33 is arranged on both the outer surface 8 and the inner side surface 26. According to the illustrated embodiment, the surface reinforcement is designed as textile-reinforced concrete, which is embedded, in particular, in the component 1h. The surface reinforcement 33 is designed to cover the entire surface and allows the component 1h to be clad. The cladding of the component 1h can be on one side, two sides, or all sides.

[0075] In component 1h, the reinforcing elements are attached starting from the inner side surface 26 and are anchored externally to the inner side surface 26. The reinforcing elements 9 of component 1h are located outside the intersection area 16 in the discontinuity area 5h.

[0076] To ensure that the surface reinforcement 33 rests against the component 1h on the inner side surface 26 in the corner area 34, a deflection element 35 is provided, which is held in place by the reinforcing elements 9 in the area of ​​the external anchorage. The deflection element is designed in particular as an angle plate, specifically conforming to the concave contour of the component 1h in the corner area 34.

[0077] The deflection element 35 is optional. In particular, the reinforcement elements can also be designed with external anchoring on the outer surface 8.

[0078] The following refers to Fig. 15 Another embodiment of a component is described. Structurally identical parts receive the same reference numerals as in the previous embodiments, to whose description reference is hereby made. Structurally different, but functionally similar, parts receive the same reference numerals with a trailing "i".

[0079] As in the previous embodiment, several surface reinforcement elements 33 are arranged on component 1i. The surface reinforcement consists of either textile-reinforced concrete or metal sheeting. Various arrangements of the reinforcement elements are possible for attaching the surface reinforcement 33 to component 1i, particularly with an orientation perpendicular to the respective surface of component 1i. The reinforcement elements are attached to the component 1i by means of an external anchorage, to which the surface reinforcement 33 and, in the respective corner area, a deflection element 35 are attached. At an opposite end, each reinforcement element has an internal anchorage.

[0080] Alternatively, a reinforcement element with external anchorage on both sides is also conceivable. In a further embodiment, a reinforcement element is provided that is arranged in the base of the corner region 34, transversely to the intersecting surfaces, in particular oriented at a 45° angle. This reduces the number of reinforcement elements required to fasten the deflection element 35. The transversely oriented reinforcement element is designed with internal anchorage, but can alternatively also be designed with two external anchorage elements extending continuously through the node region.

[0081] The following refers to Fig. 16 Another embodiment of a component is described. Structurally identical parts receive the same reference numerals as in the previous embodiments, to whose description reference is hereby made. Structurally different, but functionally similar, parts receive the same reference numerals with a trailing "j".

[0082] For component 1j, metal sheets are provided for surface reinforcement, which are held to component 1j exclusively by reinforcement elements oriented transversely to the surfaces 8. The reinforcement elements are either designed as continuous reinforcement elements with two external anchors. Alternatively, on the respective opposing surfaces 8, the reinforcement elements are arranged such that the respective inner anchor elements overlap in the thickness direction of component 1j.

[0083] The overarching anchoring elements 9 and the continuous anchoring elements 9 enable reliable force transmission between the opposing surfaces of component 1j. The advantage of the reinforcement elements 9 with internal anchoring is that they can be installed more easily. The advantage of the continuous reinforcement elements 9 is that a reduced number is required.

[0084] The following refers to Fig. 17 Another embodiment of a component is described. Structurally identical parts receive the same reference numerals as in the previous embodiments, to whose description reference is hereby made. Structurally different, but functionally similar, parts receive the same reference numerals with a trailing "k".

[0085] At the node of component 1k, the surface reinforcements 33 in the webs are held in place by opposing reinforcement elements that overlap with respect to their anchorage elements. Diagonally oriented reinforcement elements are provided in the intersection area 16. One reinforcement element is continuous with two outer anchorages. In the perpendicular orientation to this, two reinforcement elements are provided that overlap the inner anchorage elements in the diagonal direction.

[0086] The following refers to Fig. 18 und 19 Another embodiment of a component is described. Structurally identical parts receive the same reference numerals as in the previous embodiments, to whose description reference is hereby made. Structurally different, but functionally similar, parts receive the same reference numerals with a trailing 1.

[0087] Component 11 has a reinforcement designed to absorb torsional stresses in the form of a torsional moment MT.

[0088] The discontinuity area 51 of component 11 has a component longitudinal axis 37.

[0089] The improved absorption of torsional stresses is ensured, in particular, by the fact that a first group of reinforcing elements 9 are arranged parallel to each other and parallel to the longitudinal axis 37 of the component. According to the illustrated embodiment, these are reinforcing bars with external coarse threads, wherein the first anchoring element 12 is designed as a self-tapping external thread at its end and the opposing second anchoring element 13 is designed as a fastening nut. The fastening nut is screwed onto a fastening thread, in particular a metric thread, of the reinforcing element 9 and is supported on the outer surface 13 of the component 51.

[0090] In a plane perpendicular to the component's longitudinal axis 37, the reinforcing elements 9 are arranged with their longitudinal axes 7 at the vertices of an imaginary rectangle. The imaginary rectangle is geometrically similar to the outer contour of the component 11.

[0091] The improved absorption of torsional stresses is further enhanced by a group of additional reinforcement elements 38. These additional reinforcement elements 38 are arranged in pairs opposite each other in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 37 of the component. Viewed along the longitudinal axis 37 of the component, the additional reinforcement elements 38 form a reinforcement frame, which is preferably closed and rectangular, and encloses the first group of reinforcement elements 9. The contour of the reinforcement frame is geometrically similar to the outer contour of the component 11.

[0092] The reinforcement frame 39 is arranged particularly close to the surface of the component 11. This means, in particular, that the surface distance a is small relative to the respective edge length s of the component 11. The surface distance a defines, in particular, the perpendicular distance of a longitudinal axis 40 of the additional reinforcement element 38 from the facing outer surface 8 of the component 11. In particular, the following apply: a ≤ 0.3 · s, in particular a ≤ 0.25 · s, in particular a ≤ 0.2 · s, in particular a ≤ 0.15 · s, in particular a ≤ 0.1 · s, in particular a ≤ 0.05 · s, and in particular a ≥ 0.01 · s. According to the illustrated embodiment, the additional reinforcement elements 38 are each designed as concrete screws which are anchored at their ends in the component 11 with a cutting thread. The additional reinforcement elements 38 are attached to the respective surface 8 by means of a fastening nut as a second anchoring element 13.

[0093] The following refers to Fig. 20 und 21 Another embodiment of a component is described. Structurally identical parts receive the same reference numerals as in the previous embodiments, to whose description reference is hereby made. Structurally different, but functionally similar, parts receive the same reference numerals with a trailing "m".

[0094] Component 1m is reinforced to withstand torsional stresses. In this embodiment, the additional reinforcement element 38m is designed as a reinforcement layer attached to the surface 8 of component 1m from the outside. The reinforcement layer 38m is specifically designed as textile-reinforced concrete with at least one binder layer and a textile, particularly mesh-like, flexible reinforcement layer embedded and / or bound therein. The reinforcement layer 38m is arranged in a U-shape along the outer surface 8 of component 1m, as shown in Fig. 21 The reinforcement layer 38m is shown. At both ends of the U-contour, the reinforcement layer 38m is attached to the component 1m by means of several reinforcement elements 9 arranged along the component's longitudinal axis 37. The reinforcement elements 9 are arranged, in particular, transversely to the component's longitudinal axis 37 and, in particular, parallel to each other on opposite side faces of the component 1m.

[0095] According to the illustrated embodiment, the reinforcing elements 9 are designed as concrete screws which are anchored internally in the component 1m by means of a cutting thread. At the opposite, outer end, the reinforcing elements 9 are held by means of a fastening screw.

[0096] An advantageous load distribution from the reinforcing elements 9 to the reinforcement layer 38m is achieved according to the illustrated embodiment by a retaining strip 41, which is in particular designed as a flat steel and has through holes for the reinforcing elements 9.

[0097] Optionally, component 1m contains two reinforcing elements 9a, which extend parallel to each other and parallel to the component's longitudinal axis 37 within component 1m along their respective longitudinal axes 7. The reinforcing elements 9a are optional and can therefore be omitted. The reinforcing elements 9a are located relative to the cross-section of component 1m according to... Fig. 20The reinforcement elements 9a are arranged below, in particular opposite the open ends of the U-shape of the reinforcement layer 38m and in particular opposite the reinforcement elements 9, which serve to fasten the reinforcement layer 38m. In particular, the reinforcement elements 9a are arranged adjacent to the corner regions of the cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 37 of the component.

Claims

1. Assembly having a. a component (1; 1a; 1b; 1c; 1d; 1e; 1f; 1g; 1h; 1i; 1j; 1k), b. at least one reinforcement element (9), which is arranged at least in sections within a borehole (6) and is respectively anchored at the ends, wherein the at least one reinforcement element (9) i. is a tension / compression element, ii. has a first anchoring element (12) at a first end (10), which is formed integrally with the at least one reinforcement element (9) as a self-tapping external thread and is arranged completely within the borehole (6), iii. has a second anchoring element (13) at a second end (11) opposite the first end (10), - the second anchoring element (13) being formed integrally with the at least one reinforcement element (9) as a self-tapping external thread and is arranged completely within the borehole (6) or - the second anchoring element (13) being formed of a plurality of parts, is supported on a surface (8, 20, 21, 24, 25, 26) of the component (1; 1a; 1b; 1c; 1d; 1f) adjacent to the borehole (6) and comprises a coupling element (14), which can be mechanically coupled to the at least one reinforcement element (9), characterised in that - the at least one reinforcement element (9) is designed as a reinforcing bar in the form of a rebar with a coarse external thread, - the component (1; 1a; 1b; 1c; 1d; 1e; 1f; 1g; 1h; 1i; 1j; 1k) has at least one discontinuity region (5; 5a; 5b; 5c; 5d; 5e; 5f; 5g; 5h; 5i; 5j; 5k), - the borehole (6) is arranged in the at least one discontinuity region (5; 5a; 5b; 5c; 5d; 5e; 5f; 5g; 5h; 5i; 5j; 5k).

2. Assembly according to Claim 1, characterised by a surface reinforcement (33) mechanically coupled to the at least one reinforcement element (9) and attached to the surface (8, 20, 21, 24, 25, 26) of the component (1h; 1i; 1j; 1k).

3. Assembly according to Claim 2, characterised in that the surface reinforcement (33) is held in a corner region (34) of the component (1h; 1i; 1j; 1k) by means of a deflection element (35).

4. Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterised by a mounting plate (30) arranged on the surface (8, 20, 21, 24, 25, 26) of the component (1g) and to which the at least one reinforcement element (9) is attached, in particular welded.

5. Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one discontinuity region (51) has a component longitudinal axis (37), wherein at least one additional reinforcement element (38) is oriented transversely, in particular perpendicular, to the component longitudinal axis (37).

6. Assembly according to Claim 5, characterised in that a plurality of additional reinforcement elements (38) are present, which are arranged in a plane oriented perpendicular to the component longitudinal axis (37) in accordance with the outer contour of the component (11, 1m) in the discontinuity region (51).

7. Assembly according to Claim 5 or 6, characterised by a reinforcement layer (38m) as additional reinforcement element, in particular textile-reinforced concrete, which is arranged on the outside of the component (1m) and is held on the component (1m) by means of the at least one reinforcement element (9).

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