Controllable vacuum interrupter, and arrangement and method for controlling vacuum interrupters

Abstract

The invention relates to a vacuum interrupter (1) for switching voltages, said vacuum interrupter comprising at least one casing (2) and at least two contact pieces (3, 4), the at least one casing (2) comprising at least one insulator segment (6). The at least one insulator segment (6) is designed as a control element. The invention also relates to: an arrangement (10) comprising at least two of the vacuum interrupters (1) which are described above and are electrically connected in series; and a method for controlling vacuum interrupters (1), wherein electrical control is performed by means of insulator segments (6) as control elements.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a vacuum switching tube for switching voltages, comprising at least one shell and at least two contact pieces, wherein the at least one shell includes at least one insulator segment. The invention further comprises an arrangement with at least two of the vacuum switching tubes described above and a method for controlling vacuum switching tubes.

[0002] Vacuum switching tubes, or vacuum switches comprising arrangements of vacuum switching tubes, are, for example, circuit breakers in which switching contacts movable relative to each other are arranged in at least one vacuum switching chamber. In high-voltage engineering, such vacuum switching tubes are used for switching voltages in the high-voltage range, particularly greater than or equal to 52 kV, and / or for switching large currents in the range of up to several tens of kiloamperes. Vacuum switching tubes, such as... B. from WO 2020 / 025407 A1, US 2009 / 134125 A1, DE 10 2010 043984 A1, JP S54 163773 U, DE 10 2017 222941 A1 and DE 10 2013 208419 A1, in particular comprising switching arrangements, are low-maintenance, durable and are driven simply and reliably, especially via spring-loaded actuators. For high voltage requirements, e.g.Arrangements with multiple vacuum switching tubes are used, the switching sections of which are electrically connected in series, as is known, for example, from DE 10 2013 208 419 A1. Alternatively, vacuum switching tubes with multiple switching sections are used, in particular, within a single vacuum switching tube.

[0003] In the case of multiple vacuum switching tubes, when the switching paths of the vacuum switching tubes are open, a voltage distribution adapted to the vacuum switching tubes is sought, i.e., control, to prevent overloading of individual vacuum switching tubes. In the case of vacuum switching tubes with multiple switching paths, particularly within a single vacuum switching tube, a voltage distribution adapted to the switching paths is sought when the switching paths of the vacuum switching tube are open, in order to prevent overloading. For example, with several identically designed vacuum switching tubes or switching paths connected in series, the aim is to achieve the most uniform possible voltage distribution across the vacuum switching tubes or switching paths.

[0004] To achieve a desired voltage distribution across the vacuum switching tubes or switching sections, passive electrical components, such as a control resistor, are connected in parallel to a vacuum switching tube at a distance from each other. However, these components increase the installation space required for a vacuum switch with a single vacuum switching tube or for an arrangement with multiple vacuum switching tubes. Particularly in a vacuum switch using purified and dehumidified compressed air (i.e., clean air as the insulating gas surrounding the vacuum switching tube), relatively large insulation distances are necessary between a vacuum switching tube and a passive electrical component, as well as between a passive electrical component and a switch housing (especially a metallic one) in the arrangement of one or more vacuum switching tubes. This is because compressed air has a relatively low dielectric strength compared to other insulating gases, such as sulfur hexafluoride.To achieve sufficient isolation between vacuum tubes and circuits with passive components, one option is to arrange the vacuum tubes and interconnected passive components in separate housings. However, these arrangements are space-consuming and expensive. Specific voltage distribution across individual elements of a vacuum tube is not possible with such a design.

[0005] The invention is based on the objective of enabling voltage control at a vacuum switching tube and / or an arrangement with several vacuum switching tubes, with a small space requirement and / or low cost, and / or of providing a method for controlling vacuum switching tubes with a small space requirement and / or cost, in particular with a specific, predetermined voltage distribution across individual elements of one or more vacuum switching tubes.

[0006] The object of the invention is achieved by a vacuum switching tube for switching voltages with the features of claim 1, an arrangement with previously described vacuum switching tubes according to claim 10, and / or a method for controlling vacuum switching tubes, in particular previously described vacuum switching tubes, according to claim 12. Advantageous embodiments of the vacuum switching tube for switching voltages according to the invention and / or the arrangement according to the invention with previously described vacuum switching tubes are specified in the dependent claims. The features of the main claim and the features of the dependent claims can be combined with each other.

[0007] A vacuum switching tube according to the invention for switching voltages comprises at least one shell and at least two contact pieces, wherein the at least one shell comprises at least one insulator segment. The at least one insulator segment is designed as a control element, wherein the at least one shell comprises two or more insulator segments which are made of materials and / or comprise materials having a dielectric constant εr in the range of 15 to 10000.

[0008] Control elements enable a defined, predetermined voltage distribution across the vacuum interrupter when the electrical contact is open, i.e., when the contacts of the vacuum interrupter are spaced apart. In particular, a uniform voltage distribution across the vacuum interrupter is possible, thus preventing damage from overvoltages and ensuring long-term stable, reliable operation of the vacuum interrupter. Using at least one insulator segment of the vacuum interrupter as a control element allows for a compact, space-saving, and cost-effective vacuum interrupter, especially in a spatially optimized housing, which is, for example, filled with clean air, with a reduced risk of electrical flashovers.The compact design of the vacuum interrupter, achieved through insulator segments which also serve as control elements, allows for material savings, particularly in housing size and the elimination of additional control elements. This reduces costs and enables the use of alternative switching gases such as clean air in compact configurations, thus facilitating simple and environmentally friendly operation of the vacuum interrupter. The precise control of a compact vacuum interrupter ensures safe switching at high voltage levels, especially in the range of several thousand volts, without electrical arcing, particularly in compact external housings.

[0009] The at least one casing can comprise two or more insulator segments, in particular each connected via at least one metal shield. Effective control is possible, especially over the entire length of the vacuum switching tube, with more than one insulator segment acting as the control element; this is simple, reliable, and cost-effective.

[0010] The insulator segments are made of and / or comprise materials with dielectric constants εr ranging from 15 to 2000, and which exhibit different dielectric constants εr. These varying values ​​enable targeted and defined switching or voltage distribution along the longitudinal axis and / or along the circumference of the vacuum interrupter, with a total value particularly suitable for switching at high voltages greater than or equal to 52 kV. The vacuum interrupter can be configured to switch voltages in the high-voltage range, particularly in the range greater than or equal to 52 kV. For this purpose, the insulator segments can have a total capacitance in the range of 10 to 4000 pF, particularly in the range of 500 to 4000 pF.

[0011] At least one insulator segment can consist of, or comprise, glass, ceramic, and / or glass-ceramic. These materials are well-suited as control elements, e.g., as capacitors and / or resistors, with insulating properties to prevent electrical arcing across the vacuum switching tube. In particular, doping allows for the targeted introduction of foreign substances of defined concentrations into the insulator materials to create required electrical properties, especially for targeted control.

[0012] At least one insulator segment can be designed to create a vacuum-tight seal within the casing. This enables reliable, long-term stable operation of the vacuum interrupter, maintaining a stable vacuum within the switching chamber or casing. No additional control elements, such as external resistors and / or capacitors, are required for switching, saving effort, costs, installation space, and material. A compact design for the switchable vacuum interrupter is possible, particularly suitable for compact external housings, requiring minimal shielding or insulating gas, such as clean air and / or SF6. The dual function of the insulator segments—as components of the vacuum interrupter casing and as switching elements—eliminates the need for control elements mounted on the casing and / or in external housings, especially at high voltages, offering the advantages described above.

[0013] At least one insulator segment can be hollow and cylindrical, particularly with a circular cylindrical cross-section. This allows the insulator segment to form part of the outer casing of hollow cylindrical vacuum interrupters and / or to enclose other insulator segments in a space-saving manner, especially in a form-fitting manner, e.g., like a multi-layer composite element. Cylindrical elements exhibit high mechanical stability with minimal or optimized wall thicknesses.

[0014] The at least one casing can comprise insulator segments of different lengths along the longitudinal axis of the vacuum switching tube and / or insulator segments of different widths, particularly in cross-section and / or wall thickness. This allows insulator segments to be used as control elements, especially those made of a single material, with different electrical properties, e.g., with different electrical resistance and / or capacitance values. Vacuum switching tubes can thus be manufactured in predetermined, defined shapes, with the necessary electrical intrinsic switching properties of the casing for control, particularly depending on the maximum voltages and / or currents to be switched. One insulator segment length is, for example, in the range of 10 to 100 millimeters, a second length is, for example, in the range of 20 to 200 millimeters, and / or a third length is, for example, in the range of 30 to 300 millimeters. The diameter of the insulator segments is, for example,The diameter ranges from 10 to 40 centimeters, and the wall thickness of the insulator segments ranges, for example, from 10 to 80 millimeters. This allows for different control element configurations with varying values ​​such as capacitance and / or ohmic resistance, enabling predefined, desired voltage distributions across sections of the vacuum switching tube.

[0015] The at least one insulator segment can each have an electrical conductivity in the resistive voltage control range, particularly in the kilo-ohm and / or mega-ohm range, and / or the at least one insulator segment can each have an electrical capacitance in the capacitive voltage control range, particularly in the range of 10 to 10,000 pF. Insulator segments with corresponding values ​​are well suited to enabling the control of vacuum switching tubes, especially for switching voltages in the range of several thousand volts, e.g., greater than or equal to 52 kV, with insulating properties, i.e., without electrical arcing across the length of the vacuum switching tube.

[0016] The at least two contact elements can comprise at least one spatially fixed contact element and one spatially movable contact element, wherein the movable contact element is guided into the at least one casing in a vacuum-tight manner, in particular via at least one bellows, and / or at least two cover parts close the vacuum switching tube at the ends, and / or the insulator segments together with the cover parts seal the vacuum switching tube with the at least one bellows in a vacuum-tight manner to the outside, wherein the insulator segments are connected to each other, in particular via metal screens. The metal screens can act as vapor screens inside the vacuum switching tube or be designed as vapor screens.

[0017] A defined interconnection of the ceramic segments as control elements can be achieved via the metal shields and their electrical contact, particularly with each other. This allows for cost-effective and simple control or voltage distribution along the length of the vacuum interrupter tube, even when the electrical contact or contact pieces are open and spaced apart. This enables the control elements to have different, defined values ​​and allows for arbitrary, i.e., defined, interconnection via the metal shields. Overvoltages on individual insulator segments can be prevented, thus increasing the service life of the vacuum interrupter tube and ensuring long-term stable operation, especially without malfunctions or damage caused by overvoltages on the ceramic segments. A vacuum-tight enclosure ensures long-term stable and reliable operation of the vacuum interrupter tube.

[0018] The vacuum interrupter can be designed to switch voltages in the high-voltage range, particularly in the range of 52 kV or greater. Due to the control via the insulator segments, switching high voltages with vacuum interrupters is possible without electrical arcing, especially across the outer casing of the vacuum interrupter, and without malfunctions or irreversible damage to the vacuum interrupter.

[0019] An arrangement according to the invention with the vacuum switching tubes described above comprises at least two, and in particular more than two, vacuum switching tubes which are electrically connected in series, in particular with insulator segments connected in series, electrically connected via at least one metal screen, and / or via several metal screens, and / or in that the vacuum switching tubes are electrically connected in series via contact elements of the vacuum switching tubes. Switching high voltage levels, in particular high voltages in the range greater than or equal to 52 kV, can thus be accomplished with cost-effective, simply constructed vacuum switching tubes. A control system as described above, with insulator segments as control elements, in particular arranged along the longitudinal axis of the vacuum switching tubes, enables voltage distribution among the vacuum switching tubes and targeted control of the individual vacuum switching tubes, which are connected in series.This makes the previously described advantages achievable, especially with a cost-effective, simple, space-saving, compact design or arrangement.

[0020] A metal tank and / or an insulator housing can be included in the arrangement according to the invention, in which the vacuum switching tubes are arranged, in particular filled with clean air as insulating gas.

[0021] The use of the insulator segments of the vacuum interrupter(s) as control elements, resulting in a compact arrangement, enables a compact metal tank and / or insulator housing with low material and cost expenditure, reduces the risk of electrical flashovers, reduces the switching gas volume and / or enables the use of climate-friendly or climate-neutral insulating gases such as Clean Air in compact, e.g., cost-effectively available standard housings.

[0022] An inventive method for controlling vacuum switching tubes, in particular vacuum switching tubes described above and / or arrangements with vacuum switching tubes described above, comprises electrical control by means of insulator segments as control elements, in particular as capacitors and / or resistors, which are part of the casings of the vacuum switching tubes and / or are arranged around the respective casing, in particular as a ring enclosing the casing, in particular in a housing with the vacuum switching tubes, and / or with insulator segments of different vacuum switching tubes which are connected in series.

[0023] The advantages of the inventive method for controlling vacuum switching tubes, in particular vacuum switching tubes and / or arrangements with vacuum switching tubes described above, according to claim 13, and the advantages of the arrangement with vacuum switching tubes described above according to claim 11, are analogous to the advantages of the vacuum switching tube according to the invention for switching voltages according to claim 1 and vice versa.

[0024] In the following, exemplary embodiments of the invention are schematically illustrated in the figures and subsequently described in more detail.

[0025] The following show Figure 1 schematically shows a vacuum switching tube 1 according to the invention for switching voltages in an oblique side view, with insulator segments 6 of the casing 2 as control elements, and Figure 2 shows an arrangement 10 according to the invention of two vacuum switching tubes 1 connected in series. Figure 1, which are enclosed by a housing 11, which is filled, for example, with clean air as insulating gas 12.

[0026] In Figure 1 Figure 1 schematically illustrates a vacuum switching tube 1 according to the invention for switching voltages, in particular high voltages in the range greater than or equal to 52 kV, in an oblique view from one side. The vacuum switching tube 1 has a casing 2 which includes, among other things, a central main screen 5 and insulator segments 6 to the right and left of the main screen 5. The main screen 5 and the insulator segments 6 are hollow cylindrical and tubular, respectively. Adjacent insulator segments 6, in the example of the Figure 1Three shields on each side of the main shield 5 are connected to each other by metal shields 5. These metal shields 5 are, for example, configured as vapor shields inside the casing 2 and / or simply as rings that connect cylindrical insulator segments 6 and enable electrical interconnection.

[0027] At the ends of the vacuum switching tube 1, the hollow cylindrical insulator segments 6 are sealed fluid-tight by cover parts 8 and 9. The vacuum switching tube 1 is evacuated, i.e., a vacuum prevails inside. Contact pieces 3 and 4 project from the ends of the vacuum switching tube 1 into the cylindrical shell 2 of the vacuum switching tube 1, e.g., a fixed contact piece 3 projects into the vacuum switching tube 1 from one side, e.g., a base surface of the cylindrical shell 2, and a movable contact piece 4 projects into the vacuum switching tube 1 from the other side, e.g., a top surface of the cylindrical shell 2.

[0028] The main shield 5 is, for example, made of a metal, in particular copper and / or steel, and includes, for example, vapor-deposited shields or vapor shields on the inside, which are not shown in the figures for the sake of simplicity. The hollow cylindrical insulator segments 6 are, for example, made of sintered ceramic and, in particular, surface-treated. Alternatively, the insulator segments 6 can be made of, for example, glass and / or a glass-ceramic or comprise them. The insulator segments 6 are designed as control elements, in particular as capacitors and / or resistors. For this purpose, dopants are, for example, incorporated into the material of the insulator segments 6. The insulator segments 6 thus exhibit, for example, dielectric constants εr in the range of 15 to 10,000, in particular in the range of 15 to 2,000, which indicates good electrical insulating properties.For defined control cuts across the length of the vacuum switching tube 1, insulator segments 6 with different dielectric constants ε r can be used.

[0029] When configured as resistors, the insulator segments 6 exhibit electrical conductivities in the resistive voltage control range, particularly in the kilo-ohm and / or mega-ohm range, indicating good insulating properties. When configured as capacitors, the insulator segments 6 exhibit electrical capacitances in the capacitive voltage control range, particularly in the range of 10 to 10,000 pF. The insulator segments 6 can be doped throughout or, for example, only on an outer surface. In the latter case, the insulator segments 6 are purely insulators in the interior and capacitors and / or resistors in the outer region. Doping can also occur at a specific depth within the insulator segment and with a defined layer thickness. Different resistances or capacitances can be achieved, for example, by...The different doping of the insulator segments 6 can be achieved, and / or by different lengths, widths, and / or wall thicknesses of the insulator segments 6. The insulator segments 6 can be structured like a laminate, with insulator segment elements of different resistance and / or capacitance values. In particular, several rings or hollow cylinders can be stacked on top of or inside one another.

[0030] The insulator segments 6 have, for example, a length in the range of 10 to 100 millimeters, a second length in the range of 20 to 200 millimeters, and / or a third length in the range of 30 to 300 millimeters. Other lengths are possible, and / or various combinations of insulator segments 6 of different lengths are possible. It is also possible for all insulator segments or individual insulator segments to have the same length. The diameter of the insulator segments 6 is, for example, in the range of 10 to 40 centimeters, and the wall thickness of the insulator segments 6 is, for example, in the range of 10 to 80 millimeters. Different diameters and / or wall thicknesses of the insulator segments 6, as well as combinations of different diameters and / or wall thicknesses, are also possible, or it is possible to use all insulator segments with the same dimensions.

[0031] As previously described, the insulator segments 6 are mechanically and electrically connected to one another via metal shields 5. This connection is made, for example, during a soldering process in an oven at several hundred degrees Celsius during the manufacture of the vacuum switching tube 1. Dopants can also be introduced into the insulator segments 6, and / or a defined diffusion of the dopants is possible at high temperatures. The dopants may have been introduced previously, for example, during a sintering process or another manufacturing process of the insulator segments 6. The metal shields 5, in particular made of copper and / or steel, are, for example, annular and / or hollow cylindrical. Inside the vacuum switching tube 1, the metal shields 5 comprise, for example, vapor deposition shields or vapor shields, which are not shown in the figures for the sake of simplicity. Extending outwards, the metal shields 5 project, for example,in the form of flat rings extending from the vacuum switching tube 1 or beyond the circumference of the insulator segment, with a hollow cylindrical metal body arranged between two rings in the main screen 5, for example. Electrical contact or circuitry for controlling the vacuum switching tube 1 is achieved, for example, via the outer areas of the metal screens 5.

[0032] The contact pieces 3 and 4 are, for example, made of copper and / or steel, and are in particular bolt-shaped, with, for example, slotted, disc-shaped ends inside the vacuum switching tube 1. The fixed contact piece 3 is fluid-tightly connected to a first cover part 8 on one end of the vacuum switching tube 1, the cover part 8 being made, for example, of a metal, in particular copper and / or steel, as a vacuum-tight seal for the vacuum switching tube 1. The movable contact piece 4 is fluid-tightly connected to a second cover part 9 on the other end of the vacuum switching tube 1, for example, by being movably mounted via a bellows, which for the sake of simplicity is shown in the Figure 1 The cover part 9 is not shown. It is made of a metal, in particular copper or steel, and serves as a vacuum-tight seal for the vacuum switching tube 1.

[0033] The vacuum switching tube can be electrically contacted via the outwardly projecting bolts of the fixed contact piece 3 and the movable contact piece 4. The movable contact piece 4 enables electrical switching by moving towards the fixed contact piece 3, i.e., closing a gap between the disc-shaped contact ends of contacts 3 and 4 when switching on, and by moving away from the fixed contact piece 3, i.e., creating a gap between the disc-shaped contact ends of contacts 3 and 4 when switching off. The gap created between the contact ends of contacts 3 and 4, as well as the contact ends themselves, are located in the evacuated interior of the vacuum switching tube 1, so that a gap in the range of millimeters to centimeters is sufficient for switching off, in particular, high voltages. The vacuum switching tube 1 has, for example, a length in the range of, in particular, 30 to 100 centimeters, and a circumference in the range of, for example, 10 cm.B. a few centimeters to meters, especially 10 to 150 centimeters.

[0034] The insulator segments 6 are, for example, electrically connected in series along the longitudinal axis of the vacuum tube 1, in particular by electrical contact via successive metal shields 5. The insulator segments 6 are also defined and can be arbitrarily connected via the metal shields 5, e.g., via wiring and / or an external circuit, in particular insulator segments of different lengths, widths, and / or wall thicknesses and / or differently doped. This allows for precise control of the vacuum switching tubes 1 according to the application, in particular depending on current and / or voltage values ​​and / or the operating environment.

[0035] In Figure 2 are two vacuum switching tubes 1 according to the invention Figure 1The vacuum switching tubes 1 are shown arranged in a series, one behind the other, according to an arrangement 10 of vacuum switching tubes 1 according to the invention. The interconnection of the insulator segments 6, i.e., the electrical contacting and connection of the insulator segments 6, is carried out for each vacuum switching tube 1 between the contacts 3, 4 via the metal shields 5. This is a series connection, as shown in Figure 2 As shown, other external connections are possible via electrical contacting and interconnection of the metal screens 5, in particular according to a desired, predefined voltage distribution or control via the vacuum switching tubes 1. For this purpose, for example, the metal screens can be constructed in two parts, with insulating material between the at least two parts. This allows adjacent insulating segments to be electrically connected separately from one another, each electrically connected to a part of a specific metal screen.

[0036] The vacuum switching tubes 1 in the exemplary embodiment of the Figure 2 The vacuum switching tubes 1 are electrically and mechanically connected to one another via fixed contact pieces 3, in particular via a jointly formed fixed contact piece 3 or via contact pieces 3 joined together, for example, by screw, adhesive, solder, welding, and / or press connections. The vacuum switching tubes 1 can also be connected to one another via movable contact pieces 3, 4, or via a movable and a fixed contact piece 3, 4, which is not shown in the figures for the sake of simplicity. A drive, e.g., a motor and / or spring-loaded drive, is provided, for example, to drive the movable contact pieces 4 during electrical switching, which is not shown in the figures for the sake of simplicity.

[0037] The vacuum interrupters 1 are, for example, arranged in or enclosed by a housing 11. The housing 11 is, for example, a gas-tight sealed metal tank and / or a gas-tight sealed insulator housing. Metal tank housings are, for example, made of steel and / or aluminum, particularly at earth potential in the manner of a dead tank. Insulator housings are, for example, made of ceramic, silicone, and / or composite materials, particularly with a ribbed outer surface to extend leakage paths. The housing 11 is, for example, filled with clean air as insulating gas 12, which is climate-neutral. Alternatively or additionally, insulating gases 12 such as SF6 and / or CO2 can be used.

[0038] The embodiments described above can be combined with one another and / or with the prior art. For example, more than two vacuum switching tubes 1 can be connected together, in particular in series and / or parallel. The insulator segments 6 can have different shapes, in particular circular cylindrical shapes, cylindrical shapes with elliptical base and top surfaces, rectangular shapes, square shapes, and / or shapes with convex and / or concave surfaces. The surface of the insulator segments 6 can, for example, be structured, in particular ribbed and / or with a wave structure.

[0039] With the vacuum switching tube 1 described above and the arrangement 10 of vacuum switching tubes 1 according to the invention connected in series, in particular in series, it is possible to control voltages via the vacuum switching tubes 1 using the insulator segments 6, which are designed as resistors and / or capacitors. Voltages can be distributed evenly or differently, predetermined, to the vacuum switching tubes 1 or their elements by selecting the insulator segments 6 and connecting them. The use of the insulator segments 6 as resistors and / or capacitors, wherein the insulator segments 6 have electrically insulating properties, in particular with very high resistance values, which means they are insulators, enables a compact, space-saving design, which allows for a cost-effective, spatially minimized housing 11, and in particular the use of insulating gases 12, such as clean air, with low or high volatility.minimized and / or standard dimensions of housings 11 are made possible. The control of the voltage, especially high voltage, via the vacuum switching tube 1 or vacuum switching tubes 1, prevents overvoltages and damage, up to and including destruction, of the vacuum switching tube 1 and / or the arrangement 10 with vacuum switching tubes 1 when the contact is open or the contact pieces 3, 4 are spaced apart. Any desired voltage distribution is possible through different circuits or interconnections, especially when using insulator segments as capacitors and / or resistors of different sizes, in particular insulator segments 6 of different lengths, widths and / or wall thicknesses, and / or doping. Reference symbol list

[0040] 1 Vacuum switching tube 2 Casing 3 Fixed contact 4 Movable contact 5 Metal shield, e.g., main shield 6 Insulator segment 7 Bellows 8 First cover part 9 Second cover part 10 Arrangement with vacuum switching tubes 11 Metal tank or insulator housing 12 Insulating gas, e.g., clean air

Claims

1. A vacuum interrupter (1) for switching voltages with at least one sleeve (2) and with at least two contact pieces (3, 4), wherein the at least one sleeve (2) comprises at least one insulator segment (6), characterised in that the at least one insulator segment (6) is formed as a control element, wherein the at least one sleeve (2) comprises two or more insulator segments (6), characterised in that the insulator segments are formed from materials and / or comprise materials which have a dielectric constant εr in the range of 15 to 2000 and which have different dielectric constants εr.

2. The vacuum interrupter (1) in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the at least one sleeve (2) comprises two or more insulator segments (6), respectively connected via a metal screen (5).

3. The vacuum interrupter (1) in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one insulator segment (6) consists of glass, ceramic and / or glass-ceramic and / or comprises glass, ceramic and / or glass-ceramic.

4. The vacuum interrupter (1) in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one insulator segment (6) is formed so as to seal the sleeve (2) outwardly vacuum-tight.

5. The vacuum interrupter (1) in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one insulator segment (6) is formed as a hollow cylinder, in particular with a circular-cylindrical cross-section.

6. The vacuum interrupter (1) in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one sleeve (2) comprises insulator segments (6) of different lengths along the longitudinal axis of the vacuum interrupter (1) and / or insulator segments (6) of different widths, in particular in the cross-section and / or a wall thickness.

7. The vacuum interrupter (1) in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one insulator segment (6) respectively has an electric conductivity which is in a range of the resistive voltage control, in particular in the range of kilo-ohms and / or mega-ohms, and / or in that the at least one insulator segment (6) respectively has an electric conductivity which is in a range of the capacitive voltage control, in particular in a range of 10 to 10,000 pF.

8. The vacuum interrupter (1) in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least two contact pieces (3, 4) comprise at least one spatially-fixed contact piece (3) and at least one spatially-movable contact piece (4), wherein the at least one movable contact piece (4) is inserted vacuum-tightly into the at least one sleeve (2), in particular via at least one bellows (7), and / or at least two lid parts (8, 9) seal the vacuum interrupter at the ends, and / or the insulator segments (6) outwardly seal, with the lid parts (8, 9), the vacuum interrupter (1) with the at least one bellows (7), wherein the insulator segments (6) are interconnected, in particular via metal screens (5).

9. The vacuum interrupter (1) in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the vacuum interrupter (1) is formed so as to switch voltages in the high-voltage range, in particular in the range greater than or equal to 52 kV.

10. An arrangement (10) with vacuum interrupters (1) in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least two, in particular more than two, vacuum interrupters (1) are electrically connected in series, in particular connected in series to insulator segments (6), electrically connected via at least one metal screen (5) and / or via multiple metal screens (5), and / or in that the vacuum interrupters (1) are electrically connected in series via contact pieces (3, 4) of the vacuum interrupters (1).

11. The arrangement (10) in accordance with claim 10, characterised in that a metal tank and / or insulator housing (11) is comprised, in which the vacuum interrupters (1) are arranged, in particular filled with clean air as an insulating gas (12).

12. A method for controlling vacuum interrupters (1) in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 9 and / or arrangements (10) with vacuum interrupters (1) in accordance with any one of claims 10 to 11, characterised in that electrical controlling is performed by means of insulator segments (6) as control elements, in particular as capacitors and / or resistors which are part of the sleeves (2) of the vacuum interrupters (1) and / or arranged round the respective sleeve (2), in particular surrounding the sleeve (2) as a ring, in particular in a housing (11) with the vacuum interrupters (1), and / or with insulator segments (6) of different vacuum interrupters (1) which are connected in series.

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