System for attaching facade elements

Abstract

The invention relates to a fastening system (1) for the suspended fastening of facade elements (10) to a building (50), its facade element designed for such fastening, a facade (100) made of such fastened facade elements and a method (200) for the suspended fastening of such facade elements to a building.The fastening system (1) comprises a mounting element (2) for fastening to a building with a planar support element (21) having a support surface (21a) suitable for suspending the facade element on this support surface with the center of gravity (SP) of the facade element below the support element, a guide (3) arranged on the mounting element for receiving a fixing element (4), wherein the guide is designed such that the fixing element is displaceable in the guide in the vertical direction (VR) relative to the support surface and is fixed by the guide in the horizontal direction (HR) parallel to the support surface, wherein the fixing element is designed such that fixing of the facade element opposite the support surface of the mounting element is made possible.

Description

Field of invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a fastening system for the suspended attachment of facade elements to a building, a facade element designed for such attachment, a facade made of such attached facade elements, and a method for the suspended attachment of such facade elements to a building. Background of the invention

[0002] In construction, a ventilated curtain wall (VHF), also known as a ventilated facade or curtain wall, refers to a multi-layered exterior wall construction with non-load-bearing cladding attached to the load-bearing wall plane at a distance. The outer layer protects the building structure from rain, snow, sun, condensation, and strong winds, but is not airtight. To allow moisture diffusing from the building interior into the exterior wall, as well as any unplanned moisture, to escape, the cladding is usually designed as a secondary layer with ventilation openings. If increased moisture in the exterior wall is not expected or is considered safe, an airtight design is also possible. Like walls with a traditional (with a cavity) masonry secondary layer, VHF constructions are classified as double-leaf exterior walls.The latter can rest on their own foundation up to a height of one or two stories. However, for taller facades, masonry cladding panels are often additionally suspended from the load-bearing wall on a floor-by-floor basis.

[0003] The curtain wall facade is mounted on a substructure that covers the entire exterior wall of a building and wraps around the entire structure. This substructure is often made of aluminum profiles, which are easy to work with, load-bearing, and non-combustible. However, since aluminum is a good conductor of heat, each fixing point creates a thermal bridge, significantly reducing the insulation value of the structure. Unless there are fire safety concerns, the substructure should be made of wood, which conducts heat much less effectively than metal. The thermal bridge effect can also be reduced by using pressure-resistant insulation as a base beneath the substructure and screwing the support profiles to the wall through the insulation. The screw heads can be insulated from the cold ambient air with thermal insulation.Such a substructure results in high material costs, assembly time, and installation expenses. Furthermore, the vertical and horizontal loads of the facade elements are treated separately and not managed by a unified system.

[0004] CN112031313A discloses an invention relating to a decorative, alkali-resistant exterior wall. This exterior wall comprises a wall structure and removable decorative panels attached to the wall. The wall is equipped with connecting elements to which the decorative panels are attached by means of hooks. These hooks are, in turn, connected to a base that can slide along a guide rail. The design allows the decorative panels to be easily installed and removed by pushing the hooks toward the wall, which breaks a shear bolt and allows the base to slide freely. This method prevents the ingress of moisture and thus the formation of alkali residues on the surface of the decorative panels.

[0005] CN 112127574 discloses a device for improving the structural integrity and aesthetic properties of buildings. In particular, it describes a method for reinforcing walls and ceilings that includes a special layer arrangement. This layer arrangement consists of several layers, each with specific materials and properties, to increase the overall strength and durability of the structure.

[0006] WO 2015 / 144559 A1 discloses an insulating brick with two outer longitudinal webs and two outer transverse ribs, as well as at least one filling channel filled with insulating material. The insulating brick is designed as an elongated brick, with the filling channel extending parallel to the horizontal joint surface of the brick. A receptacle for a holding device is also attached to the brick. The invention further relates to a multi-layered wall comprising a load-bearing wall element and at least one additional brick wall layer for insulation, which is arranged and attached to the inside and / or outside of the load-bearing wall element. The brick wall layer consists of a plurality of insulating bricks according to the invention. The insulating bricks are individually suspended in rows side by side on the load-bearing wall element by means of holding devices, such that the filling channels of the insulating bricks are substantially aligned with each other. Several rows of insulating bricks are stacked on top of each other, thus forming the brick wall layer.In this way, the fire protection of a multi-layered wall can be significantly improved.

[0007] FR 2573110 A1 discloses a method for constructing a building with a lightweight frame structure and an external brick cladding. The method involves creating a rigid building structure to support structural elements and maintain a vertical facade. The bricks are elongated and prismatic, with a back facing the building structure and a front facing outwards. Each brick has a groove on the underside and a tongue on the top that interlock to ensure a stable connection. A profile on the back of the bricks allows them to be attached to horizontal beams of the building structure. This method aims to reduce construction costs while ensuring a durable and aesthetically pleasing facade.

[0008] All solutions for attaching a curtain wall facade are not intended for heavy facade elements, but rather for lightweight facades, which are mostly used in new construction.

[0009] It would therefore be desirable to be able to mount all types of facade elements to building walls in such a way that all loads of a facade element (even heavy ones) can be balanced while minimizing disruption to the existing building structure, for all types of solidly constructed existing buildings. Solidly constructed existing buildings include, for example, concrete walls and concrete floor slabs. Summary of the invention

[0010] The invention is a fastening system according to claim 1, a facade element according to claim 7 and a method for suspending at least one facade element on a building according to claim 12.

[0011] The object of the invention is therefore to provide a fastening system for the assembly of facade elements with a short assembly time, whereby all loads of a facade element (even in the case of heavy facade elements) can be balanced by the existing building while simultaneously minimizing interventions on the existing building.

[0012] The task is solved by a fastening system for the suspended attachment of a facade element to a building, comprising: A mounting element for attachment to the building with a flat support element having a support surface suitable for suspending the facade element on this support surface with the center of gravity of the facade element below the support element; a fixing element; a guide arranged on the mounting element for receiving the fixing element, wherein the guide is designed such that the fixing element is displaceable in the guide in a vertical direction relative to the support surface, wherein the fixing element inserted into the guide on the mounting element of the fastening system can be fixed to an upper end element of a facade element. so that horizontal positioning of the facade element suspended on the fastening system is made possible.

[0013] The term "fastening system" generally refers to a fastening device with which facade elements of any weight can be attached to a building. The facade elements can, for example, weigh less than a few kilograms or 400 kg or more. The fastening system according to the invention is specified in detail by the preceding features. The fastening system can be connected to the building at any suitable location. The building should have sufficient load-bearing capacity in the fastening area to support the weight of the respective facade element. The facade elements can be installed in front of the building as a curtain wall, suspended from the existing facade. Alternatively, the facade elements can also constitute the actual facade of the building, without requiring an existing facade behind them.In the case of particularly heavy facade elements, concrete sections of the building can represent especially load-bearing areas. For example, such concrete sections can be formed by floor slabs or by concrete columns on or within the building wall. The material of the fastening system must be sufficiently strong to support the respective weight of the facade element, which can vary from several kilograms to several hundred kilograms depending on the application and building requirements. Suitable materials for the fastening system include metals such as aluminum or steel; however, for lighter facade elements, plastics can also be used.

[0014] The term "facade element" refers to a flat, planar body that is mounted in front of a building's existing exterior boundary, such as the exterior wall, for aesthetic reasons and / or to insulate it against cold, heat, moisture, rain, etc., or for other protective purposes. Once installed, these planar bodies form the building's exterior boundary and thus its facade. Facade elements are planar bodies because they have a significantly greater height and width in front of a building than their thickness perpendicular to the building wall. Depending on the building type, the resulting facade comprises one or more facade elements, which together form a new, continuous facade for the building.The facade element comprises a facade body designed to achieve the aforementioned protective effects and a frame suitable for connection to the fastening system as claimed herein. The facade element is designed to be mounted using the fastening system according to the invention, creating a closed building envelope to achieve the aforementioned goals for the energy-efficient renovation of the building. The thickness of the facade elements is determined by their intended function, for example, by the thickness of any insulation material incorporated, depending on the desired insulation effect.

[0015] The installation of facade elements on a building refers to the attachment of these facade elements to an existing building envelope from the outside. The facade elements do not need to be an original part of the building, but can be subsequently attached to the building, for example, to existing floor slabs or wall piers from the outside. However, the facade elements can also serve as the original facade of the building if they are suspended from a building constructed of wall piers. In the latter case, the facade element can even constitute the actual exterior wall of the building. The insulating effect of the facade element remains unaffected.

[0016] The term "suspended fastening" refers to a method of mounting the facade element in such a way that, after installation, the center of gravity of the facade element is located below the fastening system, specifically below the bearing surface of the fastening system. The term "below" refers to any point that is closer to the ground than the bearing surface of the fastening system. Because the center of gravity of the facade element is located below the bearing surface of the fastening system, the fastening is a suspended fastening, which means the facade element is suspended from the fastening system in a stable position. As a result, no tilting moments act on the facade element that could force it out of its suspended position.As a precaution, the facade element can be further secured against tipping by adding additional fixing points at other locations on the facade element. These added fixing points do not need to bear the weight of the facade element, but only need to prevent tipping. A flat support element is an element that provides a horizontal bearing surface for the facade element, which is essentially perpendicular to the vertical loads resulting from the facade element's own weight. For vertically suspended facade elements, the support element is oriented essentially perpendicular to the weight force. For facade elements suspended in front of non-vertical areas of the building (inclined building sections), i.e., in a correspondingly inclined orientation in front of the building section, the support element is oriented essentially perpendicular to the force of gravity acting on the facade element.For vertically suspended facade elements, the force acting parallel to the slope is equal to the weight. For facade elements suspended at an angle, the force acting parallel to the slope is the component of the weight that acts on the facade element along the angled section of the building. Such angled sections can be, for example, roofs. In one embodiment, the bearing surface is completely flat. The vertical support of the facade element on this surface allows for simplified installation and alignment of the facade element to the desired position, as well as variation of the distance between the existing facade and the new facade element. A bearing surface is also advantageous compared to other suspension mechanisms such as hooks, since hooks do not allow for any variation in the distance of the suspended facade element from the building wall.Unevenness in the building wall can be easily compensated for by using a support surface, allowing the facade element to rest on the surface to varying degrees depending on the condition of the wall. This would not be possible when using suspension hooks.

[0017] The terms "vertical" and "horizontal" refer here to the directions relative to the mounting surface. For facade elements suspended vertically in front of a building, the vertical direction corresponds to the direction perpendicular to the ground and thus parallel to the acting weight force, while horizontal refers to the direction parallel to the ground and thus perpendicular to the acting weight force. For facade elements that are not suspended vertically, but, for example, cover inclined surfaces of a building, the vertical direction refers to the direction along the suspension direction of the facade element, while the horizontal direction corresponds to the direction perpendicular to the suspension direction.

[0018] The term "guide" refers to all means suitable for receiving and guiding a fixing element along one direction, while the guide prevents the movement of the fixing element beyond its usual play in the guide in the other two spatial directions. The fixing element can be fixed by the guide in the horizontal direction, parallel to the support surface. Such a guide can be, for example, a linear guide, a dovetail guide, a profile rail guide, a vertical mounting rail, a support rail, an anchor rail, a C- or G-rail, or other guides with a suitably appropriate geometric shape. The fixing element can have any suitable geometric shape corresponding to the guide used, in order to fit into the guide for guidance in the vertical direction and to be appropriately shaped to separate itself from the guide.The guide rail extends away from the wall on which the mounting element is installed, allowing the facade element to be additionally secured in the desired position by the fixing element, which is held horizontally by the guide rail. The fixing element can be made of any robust, tensile- and temperature-resistant material, such as metal like steel or aluminum. However, the temperature resistance here refers only to the temperature ranges typically encountered in the vicinity of inhabited buildings on this planet.

[0019] In one embodiment, the fixing element is designed such that horizontal positioning is achieved by fixing the facade element opposite the bearing surface of the mounting element. The term "opposite" here refers to fixing the facade element in such a way that the bearing surface is horizontally parallel below the supported component of the facade element, and the fixing element is parallel above this component.

[0020] The fastening system according to the invention allows all loads of a facade element to be balanced with a single steel element, both horizontally relative to the bearing surface (tensile and compressive forces) and vertically relative to the bearing surface (dead weight), with minimal intervention in the existing building. This minimal intervention is ensured because the number of fastening systems can be reduced to the absolute minimum required due to the low dead weight of the facade elements. For example, only two fastening systems are needed, located at the two upper corners of the facade element in the building wall. This could be achieved with just two screw connections per fastening system, meaning that, for example, a minimum of only four holes would need to be drilled into the building wall for the entire facade element.The fastening system according to the invention does not require a supporting substructure on the building that would serve as a foundation for a curtain wall. The upper corners here refer to the corners of the facade element that are further away from the ground in the vertical direction than, for example, lower corners.

[0021] This is a unique selling point compared to other conventional substructures for curtain wall elements, where the entire house wall is covered with a load-bearing substructure in the form of a cross pattern of continuous vertical and horizontal battens or rails. Such prior art substructures require at least twice the material, time, and installation costs, since the vertical and horizontal loads of the facade elements are treated separately and, unlike the present invention, are not integrated into a single system. Furthermore, all other conventional solutions in the prior art are not suitable for fastening heavy facade elements (approx.400kg) are not intended, but are designed only for lightweight facades, as are mostly used in new buildings, nor do they allow the fastening of entire facade modules via a few individual anchoring points, which are provided by the fastening systems according to the invention, in existing buildings.

[0022] The fastening system according to the invention is designed so that the incoming loads from the facade elements can be mounted to the building, for example to the floor slab, using as few mounting elements as possible, thus anchoring it minimally invasively in the existing building to shorten the installation time and thereby minimize disruption to the occupants of these buildings during the renovation phase. The fastening system according to the invention can also be used in new buildings to attach the facade elements to a building.

[0023] The fastening system according to the invention also enables precise, weather-independent pre-production of the complete facade elements in a single factory. The fastening systems can be pre-assembled on site, allowing for subsequent rapid assembly of the facade elements with just a few steps / connectors.

[0024] To enable the facade elements to be manufactured as uniformly as possible and with minimal weight, the fastening system according to the invention was developed. This system allows, for example, the facade elements from two superimposed floors to be suspended from the ceiling between them. The loads of the facade elements above do not have to be borne by the lowest facade element, but can instead be transferred floor by floor into the floor slab. This allows for the repetitive installation of the facade across any number of floors.

[0025] The fastening system according to the invention thus represents a fastening system for the assembly of facade elements with the shortest possible assembly time, with which all loads of a facade element (even in the case of heavy facade elements) can be balanced with the least possible intervention on the existing building for all types of solidly constructed existing buildings.

[0026] In another embodiment, the guide is closed on the side facing the building, allowing the fixing element to slide vertically along the closed side of the guide. This prevents the geometry of the guide from being affected by the building's surface, such as the building's wall, and any unevenness. Thus, the fixing element can be inserted into and moved within a guide with a defined back surface. In this embodiment, the guide is not a slotted hole.

[0027] In another embodiment, the guide is permanently connected to the mounting element, preferably in a position centrally located above the mounting surface when viewed horizontally. The connection can be made, for example, by welding. This ensures that the guide provides optimal support for the fixing element on the mounting element, resulting in reliable fixation of the facade element by the fixing element. Preferably, the guide is arranged in a position centrally located above the mounting surface when viewed horizontally, and thus symmetrically to the mounting surface.

[0028] In another embodiment, the guide is arranged above the bearing surface on an area of ​​the mounting element not intended for supporting the facade element. Preferably, this area of ​​the mounting element rests against the building, at least partially. This allows the entire bearing surface to be used to hold the facade element if required. Preferably, this area of ​​the mounting element rests against the wall, at least partially, leaving the entire bearing surface free for hanging the facade element.

[0029] In another embodiment, the guide is designed and positioned on the mounting element such that the fixing element cannot leave the guide in the direction of the bearing surface. This prevents the fixing element from falling through the guide. This prevents the fixing element from becoming unintentionally jammed between the facade element and the mounting element during installation. "In the direction of the bearing surface" also means, in the installed position of the fastening system, that the fixing element cannot leave the guide downwards, i.e., towards the ground, or be removed from it. If necessary, the fixing element can only be removed vertically upwards (i.e., away from the bearing surface) from the guide when installed.

[0030] In a further embodiment, the guide includes locking elements which, after the fixing element has been positioned in the guide and on the suspended facade element, prevent the fixing element from being lifted vertically. This allows the facade element suspended on the support surface to be clamped between the support surface and the fixing element with a simple movement, which can already ensure a secure hold of the facade element on the support surface without further measures, thus simplifying the application of the fixing devices.

[0031] In another embodiment, the mounting element comprises a hole system for inserting fasteners for attachment to the building. Preferably, the hole system includes at least two holes, and particularly preferably, the holes are arranged symmetrically relative to the bearing surface. A hole system allows for multiple fastening points (at least two) for attaching the wall element to the wall. This enables the fastening system to be attached to the wall more securely than with just a single fastening point and also prevents the bearing surface from twisting. Depending on the wall and concrete section, the fasteners used can be selected appropriately by a person skilled in the art, for example, steel screws with a suitable diameter that are screwed into corresponding anchors that have been previously placed in pre-drilled holes in the wall, or concrete anchors, or other means.The term "symmetrical to the bearing surface" refers to an imaginary vertical line passing through the geometric center of the bearing surface. This allows the mounting element to hold the facade element suspended without the weight of the facade element exerting any torque on the mounting element. This ensures the robustness of the fastening system to the wall.

[0032] In a further embodiment, the support element comprises a sealing element, at least on the bearing surface and preferably also on the opposite side of the bearing surface, which extends over the entire width of the bearing surface. This sealing element, for example, seals against the ingress of moisture into the facade element. The width of the bearing surface is defined as its extent parallel to the facade element subsequently suspended upon it. In contrast to the width, the thickness of the two-dimensional bearing surface refers to its extent perpendicular to the wall to which the mounting element is attached. In the case of a suspended facade element, the sealing element prevents moisture from penetrating the bearing surface and entering the suspended facade element.Preferably, the support element comprises a sealing element on both sides, i.e., both on the contact surface of the support element and on its opposite side. Such a sealing element is, for example, a rubber lip or compression strip; preferably, the sealing element comprises a plurality of parallel rubber lips or compression strips.

[0033] In another embodiment, the sealing element is designed to provide a slip-resistant mechanism for the suspended facade element, preventing it from sliding off the support surface during installation. The sealant can, for example, comprise several sealing lips made of a material with a high coefficient of adhesion. The surface of the sealant could also be roughened.

[0034] In another embodiment, the mounting element is designed as an angle bracket, preferably a rectangular one, with a mounting leg for attachment to the building and a support leg serving as the bearing element. A mounting bracket always has two legs, here with a 90° angle between them. Such a mounting bracket can, for example, be easily attached to a building wall, which is usually perpendicular to the ground. The bearing element, which now projects horizontally from the building wall at a right angle, provides the necessary bearing surface for the facade element to be suspended.

[0035] In another embodiment, the fixing element is designed as a rectangular angle with a guide leg for insertion into the guide and a fixing leg for support and fixation on the facade element. Preferably, the fixing leg includes a hole system for guiding fixing elements to create a firm connection with the facade element that acts at least parallel to the support surface. Suitable fixing elements can be, for example, screws or pins. While screws create a firm connection with the facade element that acts in all directions, pins, which are inserted into the suspended facade element from above, reliably prevent the facade element from slipping along the support surface. Since the support surface holds the facade element vertically, such pins are sufficient to adequately secure the facade element in position.

[0036] In another embodiment, the mounting element is attached to a concrete section of a building's floor slab. Floor slabs typically consist of a sufficiently thick layer of concrete that is very load-bearing. Therefore, heavy facade elements can be reliably supported by such a floor slab. Concrete, as a building material, has high strength values, which ensure reliable anchoring of the fastening systems and thus of the facade elements suspended from them.

[0037] In a further embodiment, the fastening system includes a fixing unit designed to additionally secure the facade element. This fixing unit is connected to both the building structure, for example, a concrete section of a basement ceiling, and a lower end element of the facade element. The fixing unit is designed not to bear the weight of the facade element. It does not need to support a significant load, as the facade element is suspended from the fastening system. The fixing unit merely prevents the facade element from lifting slightly from the lower wall sections. To achieve this, the fixing unit only needs to resist horizontal tensile forces, allowing it to be manufactured with a smaller material thickness and size than the mounting element used for the suspended fastening of the facade elements.The basement ceiling is a suitable location for attaching the fixing unit to the building, as it is also usually made of concrete and therefore also suitable for robust attachment of external elements to it.

[0038] In a further embodiment, the fixing unit comprises a mounting plate with a downwardly open rail arranged thereon for attachment to the building and a fixing bracket. The fixing unit is designed so that the fixing bracket can be pushed vertically from below into the rail against the lower end element of the facade element for connection by means of suitable fixing means. The rail is shaped such that it fixes the fixing bracket in a direction perpendicular to the rail. The combination of mounting plate, rail, and fixing bracket allows for the use of an easy-to-handle, robust, and simple-to-install fixing system for the lower fixing of the facade element.

[0039] The invention further relates to a facade element for hanging attachment in front of a building, comprising: an upper termination element which, in the suspended position of the facade element, closes the facade element on a first side above a center of gravity; a lower termination element for closing the facade element on the second side of the facade element opposite the upper termination element, wherein the lower termination element faces the ground in the suspended position of the facade element; a facade body arranged between the upper and lower termination elements for covering the building from its surroundings; and a recess between the upper termination element and the facade body on a side of the facade element facing the building for receiving a bearing surface of a mounting element of a fastening system according to the invention. wherein the facade element is designed to rest with the upper termination element in the area of ​​the recess on the bearing surface of the mounting element, and the facade element on the first side as the outside of the upper termination element comprises a tongue and groove structure which is intended to engage in a corresponding tongue and groove structure of another facade element to be arranged on it, wherein the upper termination element comprises a flat area which is intended to be supported by a fixing element of the fastening system.

[0040] This allows the prefabricated facade elements to be attached to the building's wall quickly, easily, and reliably, thus enhancing the building's thermal insulation, weather protection, and aesthetic appearance. All loads of a facade element, both horizontal (tensile and compressive forces) and vertical (dead weight), are balanced with a single steel element, requiring minimal intervention in the existing building. The minimal intervention, achieved through just a few fastening systems, for example, two at each of the two upper corners of the facade element in the building wall, enables rapid installation, reducing assembly time and costs.

[0041] In one embodiment, the facade element comprises a first insulating material for thermal insulation of the building from its surroundings. This first insulating material ensures the insulating effect of the entire facade element. Known insulating materials can be used for this purpose.

[0042] In a further embodiment, the recess is surrounded, at least on the side facing away from the building, by a second insulating material that has a stronger insulating effect than the first insulating material. Preferably, the entire area of ​​the recess facing the facade element is surrounded by the second insulating material. Since the recess reduces the insulated thickness of the facade element in the area of ​​the recess, the reduced thickness of the insulating material in the recess must be compensated for by its higher insulating effect to ensure a homogeneous insulating effect across the entire surface. Materials with the highest possible insulating effect are known to those skilled in the art.Since the dimensions of the recess are small compared to the dimensions of the rest of the facade element, a high-quality and expensive second insulation material can also be used here, as the volume fraction of the second insulation material is negligible compared to the volume of the first insulation material.

[0043] In another embodiment, the facade element incorporates this tongue-and-groove structure on both the upper and lower end elements. A connection created between two bodies to be joined by means of a tongue-and-groove structure is a plug-in joint primarily used for panels and board-like components, in this case between the upper end element of one facade element and the lower end element of the other facade element, which is to be placed upon it. The tongue-and-groove structure of the connection prevents the two facade elements from shifting relative to each other. At least one side of one end element has an elongated, usually right-angled, milled recess (the groove) into which the tongue (a kind of positive form of the groove) of the other end element fits snugly.The tongue and groove joint is either part of the end element, in which case the connection is also called a tongue and groove joint, or it is inserted as a third, loose, elongated piece. This type of joint is used in a wide variety of components and elements, such as wood and wood-based materials and facade elements. The tongue and groove structure allows for the quick and easy connection of separate facade elements, both on top of and next to each other. In one embodiment, this resulting connection can be additionally bonded to ensure a particularly strong and durable bond. In another embodiment, the facade elements can have a suitable tongue and groove structure around their entire outer surface, with preferably half of the outer surface (for example, the bottom and left) having a complementary tongue and groove structure to the other half of the outer surface (for example, the top and right).

[0044] The upper end element includes a flat area designed to accommodate a fixing element of the fastening system. The fixing element can be easily attached to this flat area. Furthermore, the clamping effect is improved when the fixing element rests fully on this flat area.

[0045] In another embodiment, the tongue-and-groove structure is interrupted in the flat area for the upper and lower end elements. This allows the fixing element to cover the entire width of the upper end element and eliminates the need for a smaller contact surface to accommodate the tongue-and-groove structure.

[0046] In another embodiment, the facade element comprises one or more recesses extending through it, which serve as window openings. On the side of the facade element facing the building, a fire-retardant, preferably fire-resistant, material is arranged in the area around the recesses. The recesses allow the original windows in the building to be retained or replaced with more modern windows in the facade element. The external appearance and position of the windows in the building remain unchanged; only the window depth is modified. Fire protection can be ensured by the facade element itself by lining the recesses with appropriately applied fire-retardant / fire-resistant material on the side of the facade element facing the wall. Thus, the prefabricated facade elements can also meet fire protection requirements.

[0047] The invention further relates to a facade mounted on a building, consisting of one or more facade elements, wherein the respective facade elements are mounted on the building with two or more fastening systems according to the invention.The facade element comprises an upper termination element which, in the suspended position of the facade element, closes off the facade element on a first side above a center of gravity; a lower termination element for closing off the facade element on the second side of the facade element opposite the upper termination element, wherein the lower termination element faces the ground in the suspended position of the facade element; a facade body arranged between the upper and lower termination elements for covering the building from its surroundings; and a recess between the upper termination element and the facade body on a side of the facade element facing the building for receiving a bearing surface of a mounting element of a fastening system according to the invention, wherein the facade element is designed to rest with the upper termination element on the bearing surface of the mounting element in the area of ​​the recess.Depending on the building's size, such a facade can comprise one or more facade elements per wall. Here, a wall refers to the wall surface of the building on one side. Simple buildings with a rectangular floor plan thus have four walls adjoining each other at their respective corners, upon which the roof rests. Buildings can, of course, have more than four walls. When multiple facade elements are used per wall, they are mounted on top of and / or next to each other, so that the entire assembly of facade elements forms the completed facade. Facade elements that meet at the corners of different walls of the building can be joined together at the corners. This connection can be made directly or by means of an additional corner piece.

[0048] In one embodiment, the facade comprises a multitude of these facade elements, which are connected to each other via a tongue-and-groove structure. This allows for the creation of larger facades from many facade elements, which are particularly reliable and robust due to the connections between them via the respective tongue-and-groove structures of the individual facade elements.

[0049] In a further embodiment, the facade comprises a first row of one or more facade elements and at least one second row of correspondingly one or more facade elements, wherein the facade elements of the first row are each mounted to the building with two or more fastening systems, wherein the facade elements of the at least second row are placed on top of the facade elements of the first row and connected to them via the tongue-and-groove structure, wherein the second row of facade elements is fixed to the building only by a second fixing unit on the upper end element of the facade element for positional security. Thus, the assembly and material costs for the subsequent rows are significantly lower than for the first row, which minimizes the overall assembly effort for the entire facade. In this embodiment, all facade elements of the second row are placed on top of facade elements of the first row.The number of facade elements in the second row can be less than or equal to the number of facade elements in the first (lower) row. A facade element without a facade element below it is referred to as a facade element of the first row. The term "below" refers to a position that, viewed vertically, is closer to the ground or the building's foundation slab. The facade elements of the first row are located "below" the second row of facade elements.

[0050] In a further embodiment, the number of fastening systems used per facade element of the first row increases with the number of additional rows of facade elements placed on top of the second row. This allows multiple rows of facade elements to be placed on top of the first row without the loads on the fastening systems according to the invention becoming excessive, since the loads can now be distributed across a larger number of fastening systems. This enables the facades to be mounted in the same manner regardless of the number of stories in the building. If necessary, for a large number of stories, another suspended row of facade elements can be installed analogously to the first row, starting from a certain number of rows, which depends, among other things, on the weight of the facade elements.

[0051] The invention further relates to a method for the suspended fastening of at least one facade element in front of a building by means of a fastening system according to the invention, comprising the following steps: Attaching the fastening systems for the facade element to be suspended to the building with respective support surfaces for the facade element to be suspended using a suitable number of fastening elements, preferably at least two fastening elements; suspending the respective facade element with its upper end element in respective recesses on the support surface of the fastening system; and fixing the suspended facade element by means of fixing elements of the fastening system, which are inserted into a guide on the mounting element of the fastening system and fixed on the upper end element.

[0052] The facade element comprises an upper termination element which, in the suspended position of the facade element, closes off the facade element on a first side above a center of gravity; a lower termination element for closing off the facade element on the second side of the facade element opposite the upper termination element, wherein the lower termination element faces the ground in the suspended position of the facade element; a facade body arranged between the upper and lower termination elements for covering the building from its surroundings; and a recess between the upper termination element and the facade body on a side of the facade element facing the building for receiving a bearing surface of a mounting element of a fastening system according to the invention, wherein the facade element is designed to rest with the upper termination element on the bearing surface of the mounting element in the area of ​​the recess.

[0053] The inventive method, using the inventive fastening system and the inventive facade element, allows all loads of a facade element, both horizontal (tensile and compressive forces) and vertical (dead weight), to be balanced with a single steel element through minimal intervention in the existing building. This minimal intervention is ensured by requiring only a few, for example, two fastening systems, to be attached to the building wall, for instance, at each of the two upper corners of the facade element. This could be accomplished with just two screw connections per fastening system, so that, for example, in the minimum case, only four holes would need to be drilled into the building wall for the entire facade element.

[0054] In one embodiment of the method, at least two fastening systems are used symmetrically for fastening, one each in the respective area of ​​both upper corners of the facade element.

[0055] In another embodiment of the method, when the facade element is hung, its recess does not completely cover the bearing surface, so that at least around the fastening system a gap remains between the facade element and the building to compensate for unevenness in the building.

[0056] In another embodiment of the method, when the next facade element is hung, it is also inserted into a tongue-and-groove structure of the facade element below, which further improves the bond between the two facade elements.

[0057] In a further embodiment of the method, this includes the additional step of further fixing the facade element via a further fixing unit, with which the lower end element of the facade element is connected to the building, wherein the further fixing unit is designed such that it is not suitable for supporting the facade element. This is only possible for facade elements that are not mounted on top of other facade elements, and for which the lower end element of the facade element must be freely accessible for attaching the further fixing unit.

[0058] In a further embodiment of the method, this includes the additional steps of determining the location of a floor slab of the building and attaching the fastening systems to the floor slab of the building.

[0059] In a further embodiment of the method, this includes the additional step of forming a facade according to the invention, which comprises a plurality of stacked rows of facade elements, with a first row as the bottom row and at least one second row placed on top of the facade elements of the first row. The bottom row of facade elements is thus the row that is attached to the building closest to the ground in the vertical direction. The bottom row of facade elements bears the load of all further facade elements placed on top of the bottom row.

[0060] In a further embodiment of the method, when the facade element of the at least second row is suspended, it is inserted into a tongue-and-groove structure of the underlying facade element of the first row. This secures the attached facade element in its position relative to the facade element of the first row and prevents it from slipping off.

[0061] In a further embodiment of the method, this includes the additional step of fixing the facade element of the at least second row to the building using only a second fixing unit on the upper end element of the facade element of the at least second row. This prevents the attached facade element from tipping over the facade element below it.

[0062] In a further embodiment of the method, this includes the additional step of increasing the number of fasteners used per facade element of the first row by the number of further rows of facade elements placed on top of the second row. In this way, multiple rows of facade elements can be placed on top of the first row, and yet the entire load is reliably distributed across the increased number of fasteners, ensuring that the facade elements are securely supported by the fasteners.

[0063] In the present invention, the term "one," "a," or "an" does not refer to a specific number of the components thereby designated, but explicitly includes the possibility that the claimed subject matter may comprise one or more additional components besides the single component. Thus, the term is also to be understood as "one or more." If, on the other hand, the number of specified components is meant to be one, this is indicated by "exactly one."

[0064] The embodiments described above can be combined by a person skilled in the art in any way possible within the framework of the teaching of the invention, even deviating from the references to the claims. Brief description of the drawings

[0065] Fig. 1: an embodiment of a fastening system according to the invention; Fig. 2: schematic representation of how (b) a facade element according to the invention is suspended on (a) the fastening system according to the invention, wherein (c) shows an enlarged section of part (a) with a sealing element; Fig. 3: schematic representation of how the suspended facade element of a facade can be fixed with a fixing unit; Fig. 4: an embodiment (a) of a facade according to the invention consisting of several facade elements according to the invention, which are suspended on the building in two rows one above the other with their shapes adapted to the original building, and (b) the securing of a facade element of the second row at the upper end of the facade element; and Fig. 5: an embodiment of a method according to the invention for the suspended fastening of at least one facade element according to the invention in front of a wall of a building. Detailed description of the drawings

[0066] The embodiments shown here are merely examples of the present invention and should therefore not be interpreted as limiting. Alternative embodiments considered by a person skilled in the art are likewise covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0067] Fig. 1Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a fastening system 1 according to the invention for the suspended fastening of a facade element 10 to a building 50, specifically to a wall 60 of the building 50. The fastening system 1 comprises a mounting element 2, which is attached here to a concrete section 70 of the wall 60, with a flat support element 21 having a bearing surface 21a onto which the facade element is placed for suspended support. In this case, the center of gravity SP of the facade element 10 is located below the support element 21 when suspended. "Below" here refers to the vertical direction, and a position below the bearing surface 21a means a position that is closer to the ground along the vertical direction VR than the bearing surface 21a.A guide 3 for receiving a fixing element 4 is arranged on the mounting element 2. The guide 3 is designed such that the fixing element 4 is displaceable in the guide 3 in the vertical direction VR relative to the support surface 21a, and that the fixing element 4 is fixed by the guide 3 in the horizontal direction HR parallel to the support surface 21a. The fixing element 4 is designed such that it allows the facade element 10 to be fixed to the support surface 21a opposite the mounting element 2 when the facade element is suspended. The support surface has, for example, an area of ​​200 x 200 mm (L / W). The support element 4 can have a thickness of 12 mm. The mounting element 2 is designed here as a rectangular angle with a mounting leg 22 for attachment to a concrete section 70 of the building 50 and a retaining leg 21 as the support element 21.The mounting leg can, for example, have a surface area of ​​250 x 200 mm (L / W) with a thickness of 12 mm, while the retaining leg can have a surface area of ​​200 x 200 mm (L / W) with a thickness of 12 mm. The mounting element can be made of, for example, structural steel S355. The bearing surface 21a, which is in contact with the facade element 10 when mounted, is a completely flat bearing surface 21a that, as shown, extends horizontally away from the wall 60 when mounted. To fasten the mounting element 2 to a building wall 60, the mounting leg 22 includes a hole system 23 consisting of two holes 231 for the insertion of fasteners 24, which are arranged symmetrically relative to the bearing surface 21a. This prevents the mounting element 2 from tilting under the load of the facade element 10.In other embodiments, the hole system 23 can also include more holes 231 for attaching the fastening system 1 to the building 50. The fastening elements 24 are, for example, screws, such as stainless steel bolt anchors HST 3 / R M12. A person skilled in the art can select suitable fastening elements 24 depending on the weight of the facade element. Preferably, the fastening system 1 is attached to a concrete section 70 of the building 50, since the concrete section 70 has the best strength values ​​and highest load-bearing capacity of the building wall 60. For example, the concrete section 70 is a floor slab of the building 50. While floor slabs are typically made of reinforced concrete with a thickness of approximately 200 mm, a typical wall assembly comprises a hollow block or lightweight concrete block approximately 245 mm thick, on which a plaster coating is applied to both sides. Therefore, floor slabs are preferred for attaching the fastening systems.The guide 3 is closed on side 3a facing the wall 60 (i.e., there is no elongated hole), allowing the fixing element 4 to slide vertically on the closed side 3a of the guide 3. The guide 3 is permanently connected to the mounting element 2 in a position centrally located horizontally HR along the bearing surface 21a, above the bearing surface 21a. The guide 3 could, for example, be a Hilti mounting rail with a C-profile (e.g., HMC 40 / 20), which is a high-performance rail for steel-to-steel welding applications. Such a guide 3 can be permanently connected to the mounting element 2, here the mounting leg 22, by means of a weld. Furthermore, the guide 3 is positioned above the bearing surface 21a on an area of ​​the mounting element 2 not intended for supporting the facade element 10, which rests against the wall 60 or the concrete section 70.The guide 3 is designed and positioned on the mounting element 2 such that the fixing element 4 cannot leave the guide 3 in the direction of the support surface 21a. The guide 3 can also include locking elements (not explicitly shown here) which, after the fixing element 4 has been positioned in the guide 3 and on the suspended facade element 10, prevent it from being lifted vertically. The fixing element 4 is also designed as a rectangular angle with a guide leg 41 for insertion into the guide 3 and a fixing leg 42 for support and fixation on the facade element 10. The fixing leg 42 includes a system of holes, here consisting of nine holes, for passing fixing elements 44 to create a secure connection with the facade element 10 that acts at least parallel to the support surface 21a.The fixing leg can, for example, have a surface area of ​​200 x 100 mm (L / W) with a thickness of 10 mm or a surface area of ​​135 x 40 mm (L / W) with a thickness of 10 mm. The guide leg can have a surface area of ​​85 x 40 mm (L / W) with a thickness of 10 mm. The fixing element 4 can be made of structural steel S355 and attached to the facade element 10 with nine 60 x 6 mm screws as fixing means 44.

[0068] Fig. 2 Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of how (b) a facade element 10 according to the invention is suspended on (a) the fastening system 1 according to the invention, wherein (c) shows an enlarged section of part (a) with a sealing element 5. Fig.2(c)A sealing element 5, which is at least moisture-tight and is arranged on the support surface 21a of the support element (2), extends over the entire width BM of the support surface 21a. In one embodiment (not shown here), the sealing element can additionally be arranged on the opposite side 21b to the support surface 21a with a thickness that fills the recess, in order to prevent moisture from penetrating the facade element via the underside of the support element. The sealing element 5 can be designed to act as a slip-prevention device for the suspended facade element 10, preventing it from sliding off the support surface 21a during installation.The facade element 10 comprises, for suspended attachment to the building 50, an upper termination element 20a, which, in the suspended position of the facade element 10, closes the facade element 10 on a first side 10a above a centroid SP (usually the geometric center of the facade element or at least in its vicinity), a lower termination element 20b for closing the facade element 10 on the second side 10b of the facade element 10 opposite the upper termination element 20a, wherein the lower termination element 20b faces the ground 80 in the suspended position of the facade element 10, and a facade body 30 arranged between the upper and lower termination elements 20a, 20b, here for covering the wall 60 of the building opposite an environment 90 of the building 60, with the side 10c of the facade element 10 facing the wall and the side 10d facing away from the wall. Facade element 10, and with upper corners 10e of facade element 10.The facade element comprises a recess 31 for suspension between the upper end element 20a and the facade body 30 on the side 10c of the facade element 10 facing the wall 60 for receiving a bearing surface 21a of a mounting element 2 of the fastening system 1 according to the invention, wherein the facade element 10 is designed to rest with the upper end element 20 in the area of ​​the recess 31 on the bearing surface 21a of the mounting element 2, see . Fig.2(a)The facade element 30 comprises a first insulating material 32 for thermal insulation of the wall 60 of the building 50 from the surroundings 90 of the building 50, for example Rockwool Klemmrock 035. The recess 31 is surrounded on the side 10d of the recess 31 facing away from the wall 60 by a second insulating material 33, which has a stronger insulating effect than the first insulating material 32. In embodiments not shown here, the entire area of ​​the recess 31 facing the facade element 30 can also be surrounded by the second insulating material 33. The second insulating material is, for example, EPS insulation.Facade element 10 comprises an outward-facing facade cladding (e.g., made of wood with a thickness of 21 mm), a cross-battening (e.g., made of wood with a thickness of 30 mm) behind it with a ventilated cavity containing insect screen (e.g., Majvest 200 - windproof membrane with a thickness of 30 mm), the first insulation material (e.g., with a thickness of 300 mm), and an air gap (e.g., with a thickness of 60 mm) to the original wall 60 of building 50. Such a facade element, as in . Fig. 2 and Fig. 4As shown, the facade element 10 can, for example, have a weight of approximately 400 kg. Here, the facade element 10 comprises a tongue-and-groove structure 34 on its first side 10a, as the outer surface of the upper end element 20a. This tongue-and-groove structure is designed to engage with a corresponding tongue-and-groove structure 34 of another facade element 10 to be arranged on top of it. Preferably, the facade element 10 comprises this tongue-and-groove structure 34 on both the upper end element 20a and the lower end element 20b, so that it can serve as a lower facade element 10 as well as a facade element 10 arranged on top of a lower facade element 10, as required. The upper end element 20a includes a flat area 20p, which is designed to be supported by a fixing element 4 of the fastening system 1. The tongue-and-groove structure 34 is interrupted in the flat area 20p for the upper and lower end elements 20a and 20b.Depending on requirements, the facade element 30 can include one or more openings 40 extending through it, which can serve as window or door openings. A fire-retardant, preferably fireproof, material is arranged on the wall-facing side 10c of the facade element in the area around the openings 40. Since the facade element 10 can extend on the support surface 21a up to the guide 3, a gap S exists between the wall 60 of the building 50 and the rear side 10c of the facade element. With a depth of, for example, 32 mm for the guide 3, this gap is at least 32 mm. Depending on the actual unevenness of the wall 60, this gap can be up to, for example, 60 mm. This gap is filled with air and serves as rear ventilation for the suspended facade element.

[0069] Fig. 3Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of how the suspended facade element 10 of a facade 100 is fixed in one embodiment using a fixing unit 6. The fastening system 1 further comprises a separately arranged fixing unit 6, which is provided for additionally fixing 250 the lowest facade element 10 by connecting the fixing unit 6 both to the building 50, for example to a concrete section of a basement ceiling 75, and to a lower end element 20b of the facade element 10, wherein the fixing unit 6 is designed such that it is not suitable for supporting the facade element 10.The fixing unit 6 comprises a mounting plate 61 with a downwardly open rail 62 arranged on it for attachment to the concrete section of the basement ceiling 75 and a fixing bracket 63. The fixing unit 6 is designed such that the fixing bracket 63 can be pushed vertically (VR) from below into the rail 62 against the lower end element 20b of the lowest facade element 10 for connection by means of suitable fixing means 64. The rail 62 is shaped such that it fixes the fixing bracket 63 horizontally (HR). The mounting plate 61 can be a plate made of structural steel S355 with dimensions 250 x 130 x 12 mm (W / L / D). The rail 62 can be a C-profile HMC 40 / 20, which can be permanently connected to the mounting plate 61 by means of a welded connection.The fixing bracket can comprise one leg in the rail, 80 mm long, and a horizontal leg for attachment to the facade element, 140 mm long and 10 mm thick, and can be made of structural steel S355. The fixing bracket can be attached to the facade element, for example, with nine 60x6 mm screws.

[0070] Fig. 4Figure (a) shows an embodiment of a facade 100 according to the invention, comprising several facade elements 10 according to the invention (four facade elements are shown here), which, with their shapes adapted to the original building 50, are suspended one above the other and side by side on the building 50, and (b) shows the securing of a facade element 10 of the second row R2 at the upper end 10a, 20a of the facade element 10. The respective facade elements 10 are mounted to a suitable area of ​​the building 50, for example, to a respective concrete section 70 (not shown here), using the fastening system 1 with mounting element 2 according to the invention. The fastening system 1 is shown here with dashed lines because, in the mounted state, it is located behind the facade 100 and is therefore no longer visible to the viewer.The facade 100, through its overlapping and adjoining facade elements 10, presents a unified appearance to the viewer, so that it is no longer the individual facade elements 10, but rather their overall appearance as facade 100, that is perceived. For this purpose, the overlapping and adjoining facade elements 10 each incorporate tongue-and-groove structures 34, specially shaped for overlapping and adjoining. The individual facade elements 10 include various recesses 40, which serve as window openings for the original window openings of the unclad building 50 located behind them. For example, the original windows of the unclad building 50 may have been removed and replaced by new windows in the recesses 40. On the side 10c of the facade element facing the building 50, a fire-retardant, preferably fire-resistant, material is arranged in the area around the recesses 40.This material can be arranged around the recess 40 with a width of 300 mm. The facade 100 comprises a first row R1 of several facade elements 10 and a second row of correspondingly several facade elements 10, wherein the facade elements 10 of the first row are each mounted to the building 50 via the mounting element 2 using the two fastening systems 1, wherein the facade elements 10 of the second row are placed on top of the facade elements 10 of the first row and connected to them via the tongue-and-groove structure 34, wherein the second row of facade elements 10 is fixed to the building 50 only by a second fixing unit 7 on the upper end element 20a of the facade element 10 for positional security.The number of fastening systems 1 used per facade element 10 of the first row R1 can increase with the number of further rows of facade elements 10 placed on the second row R2, for example 100 for facades and 50 for buildings with more than two stories.

[0071] Fig. 5Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a method 200 according to the invention for the suspended fastening of at least one facade element 10 according to the invention in front of a wall 60 of a building 50, comprising the steps of determining 210 a position of a floor slab 70 of the building 50; fastening 220 wall fixings 1 for each facade element 1 to be suspended in the concrete section 70 of the respective floor slab 70 with respective bearing surfaces for the facade element 10 to be suspended with a suitable number of fastening elements 24, preferably at least two fastening elements 24; suspending 230 the respective facade element 10 with its upper end element 20a in respective recesses 31 on the bearing surface 21a of the fastening system 1;of fixing 240 the suspended facade element 10 by means of fixing elements 4 of the fastening system 1, which are inserted into a guide 3 on the mounting element 2 of the fastening system 21 and fixed on the upper end element 20a. Optionally, the method comprises the further step of additionally fixing 250 the lowest facade element 10 via a further fixing unit 6, with which the lower end element 20b of the lowest facade element 10 is connected to the wall 60, wherein the further fixing unit 6 is designed such that it is not suitable for supporting the facade element 10.

[0072] When fastening 220, at least two fastening systems 1 can be used symmetrically, one each in the respective area of ​​the two upper corners 10e of the facade element 10. When hanging 230 the facade element 10, its recess 31 may not completely cover the bearing surface 21a, so that at least around the fastening system 1 a gap S remains between the facade element 10 and the wall 60 of the building 50 to compensate for unevenness in the wall 60. Furthermore, when hanging 230 the next facade element 10, it can also be inserted into a tongue-and-groove structure 34 of the facade element 10 below. When hanging 230, vertical differences between adjacent fastening systems 1 can also be compensated for by placing an additional support pad on the bearing surface 21a of a fastening system 1 that is positioned too low and then placing the facade element on this support pad.Thanks to the rail 3, sufficient vertical play is provided for the opposite fixing of the facade element 10 by means of fixing element 4, allowing for horizontal adjustment of the suspension of the facade element 10, for example, with the support pads. The procedure 200 can include the further steps of determining 210 the position of a floor slab 70 of the building 50; and fastening 220 the fastening systems 1 in the floor slab 70 of the building 50.

[0073] Furthermore, the method 200 can include the further step of forming 260 a facade 100 according to the invention, which comprises a plurality of superimposed rows R1, R2 of facade elements 10, with a first row R1 as the bottom row and at least one second row R2 placed on top of the facade elements 10 of the first row R1. During the installation 230 of the facade element 10 of the at least second row, it can be inserted into a tongue-and-groove structure 34 of the underlying facade element 10 of the first row.The procedure may include the further step of fixing 270 of the facade element 10 of the at least second row R2 only with a second fixing unit 7 on the upper end element 20a of the facade element 10 of the at least second row R2 on the building 50 and, if necessary, the further step of increasing the number of fastening elements 1 used per facade element 10 of the first row R1 by the number of further rows of facade elements 10 placed on the second row R2.

[0074] The position of the concrete sections within the building wall, particularly the location of the floor slabs, is not readily apparent due to plaster or insulation applied to the original wall. In some cases, it may be necessary to partially open the wall. A 3D scan of the building can then be used to determine the position of the floor slabs. List of reference symbols

[0075] 1. Fastening system according to the invention 2. Mounting element 21. Support element (or retaining leg) of the mounting element 21a. Bearing surface of the mounting element 21b. Side of the support element opposite the bearing surface 22. Mounting leg of the mounting element 23. Hole system of the mounting element 231. Holes of the hole system 24. Fastening element(s) 3. Guide 3. Side of the guide facing the wall 4. Fixing element 41. Guide leg of the fixing element 42. Fixing leg of the fixing element 44. Fixing means 5. Sealing element 6. First fixing unit 61. Mounting plate of the fixing unit 62. Rail 63. Fixing bracket 64. Fixing means 7. Second fixing unit 10 facade element according to the invention 10a first side of the facade element 10b second side of the facade element 10c the side of the facade element facing the building 10d the side of the facade element facing away from the building 10e upper corner of the facade element 20a upper termination element 20b lower termination element 20p flat area of ​​the upper termination element 30 facade body 31 recess 32 first insulation material for thermal insulation of the building 33 second insulation material 34 tongue and groove structure 40 recess through the facade element 50 Building 60 Wall of the building 70 Concrete section, preferably floor slab of the building 75 Basement ceiling 80 Ground 90 Surroundings of the building 100Facade made of one or more facade elements according to the invention 200 Method for suspending a facade element in front of a building 210 Determining the position of a floor slab of the building 220 Attaching fastening systems to the building for each facade element to be suspended 230 Suspending the respective facade element on the bearing surface of the fastening system 240 Fixing the suspended facade element using fixing elements 250 Additional fixing of the lowest facade element using another fixing unit 260 Forming a facade from a multitude of stacked rows of facade elements 270 Fixing the facade element (10) of at least the second row (R2) to the building 280 Increasing the number of fixing elements used per facade element of the first row BM Width of the bearing surface HR Horizontal direction R1 First row of at least one facade element R2 Second row of at least one facade element S Gap between building and facade element SP Center of gravity of the facade element VR Vertical direction

Claims

1. A fastening system (1) for the suspended fastening of a facade element (10) in front of a building (50), comprising: - a mounting element (2) for fastening to the building (50) with a flat bearing element (21) with a bearing surface (21a) suitable for suspended bearing of the facade element (10) on this bearing surface (21a) with center of gravity (SP) of the facade element (10) below the bearing element (21); - a fixing element (4); - a guide (3) arranged on the mounting element (2) for receiving the fixing element (4), wherein the guide (3) is designed so that the fixing element (4) is displaceable in the guide (3) in the vertical direction (VR) relative to the bearing surface (21a), wherein the fixing element (4) is designed so that the fixing element (4) inserted into the guide (3) on the mounting element (2) of the fastening system (1) can be fixed to an upper closing element (20a) of the facade element, so that a horizontal positional securing of the facade element (10) suspended on the fastening system (1) is made possible.

2. The fastening system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that - the guide (3) is closed on the side (3a) facing the building (50), so that the fixing element (4) can be vertically displaced on the closed side (3a) of the guide (3), or - the guide (3) comprises engagement elements, which prevent a vertical lifting of the fixing element (4) after a positioning of the fixing element (4) in the guide (3) and on the suspended facade element (10).

3. The fastening system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that - the guide (3) is non-releasably connected to the mounting element (2) or - the guide (3) is arranged above the bearing surface (21a) on a region of the mounting element (2), which is not provided for bearing the facade element (10), or - the guide (3) is designed and arranged on the mounting element (2) so that the fixing element (4) cannot leave the guide (3) in the direction of the bearing surface (21a).

4. The fastening system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bearing element (2) comprises, at least on the bearing surface (21a), a sealing element (5), which extends over the entire width (BM) of the bearing surface (21a).

5. The fastening system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the mounting element (2) comprises a hole system (23) for the pass-through of fastening elements (24) for fastening to the building (50), or - the mounting element (2) is designed as bracket with a mounting leg (22) for fastening to the building (50) and a holding leg (21) as the bearing element (21), or - the fixing element (4) is designed as suitable bracket with a guide leg (41) for inserting into the guide (3) and a fixing leg (42) for bearing and fixing on the facade element (10).

6. The fastening system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fastening system (1) furthermore comprises a first fixing unit (6), which is provided for additionally fixing (250) the facade element (10), in that the first fixing unit (6) is connected to the building (50) as well as to a lower closing element (20b) of the facade element (10), wherein the first fixing unit (6) is designed so that it is not suitable for carrying the facade element (10), wherein the fixing unit (6) comprises a mounting plate (61) with a rail (62), which is open to the bottom, arranged thereon for fastening to the building (50) and a fixing bracket (63), wherein the fixing unit (6) is designed such that the fixing bracket (63) can be pushed into the rail (62) from the bottom in the vertical direction (VR) against the lower closing element (20b) of the facade element (10) for the connection thereof by means of suitable fixing means (64), wherein the rail (62) is formed so that it fixes the fixing bracket (63) in the direction (HR) perpendicular to the rail (62).

7. A facade element (10) for the suspended fastening in front of a building (50), comprising: - an upper closing element (20a), which, in suspended position of the facade element (10), closes the facade element (10) on a first side (10a) above a center of gravity (SP); - a lower closing element (20b) for closing the facade element (10) on the second side (10b) of the facade element (10) lying opposite the upper closing element (20a), wherein the lower closing element (20b) faces the ground (80) in suspended position of the facade element (10); - a facade body (30) arranged between upper and lower closing element (20a, 20b) for covering the building (50) with respect to a surrounding area (90) of the building (50); and - a recess (31) between upper closing element (20a) and the facade body (30) on a side (10c) of the facade element (10) facing the building (50) for receiving a bearing surface (21a) of a mounting element (2) of a fastening system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the facade element (10) is designed to bear with the upper closing element (20) in the region of the recess (31) on the bearing surface (21a) of the mounting element (2), and the facade element (10) comprises, on the first side (10a) as outer side of the upper closing element (20a), a tongue and groove structure (34), which is provided for engaging with a corresponding tongue and groove structure (34) of a further facade element (10) to be arranged thereon, wherein the upper closing element (20a) thereby comprises a flat region (20p), which is provided for bearing with a fixing element (4) of the fastening system (1).

8. The facade element (10) according to claim 7, characterized in that the facade body (30) comprises a first insulating material (32) for the thermal insulation of the building (50) from its surrounding area, wherein the recess (31) is surrounded at least on the side (10d) of the recess (31) facing away from the building (50) by a second insulating material (33), which has a stronger insulating effect than the first insulating material (32).

9. The facade element (10) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the facade element (10) comprises said tongue and groove structure (34) on the upper closing element (20a) as well as on the lower closing element (20b), wherein the tongue and groove structure (34) is thereby interrupted in the flat region (20p) for upper and lower closing elements (20a, 20b).

10. A facade (100) mounted to a building comprising one or several facade elements (10), which are in each case mounted to the building (50) with two or more fastening systems (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the facade element (10) comprises - an upper closing element (20a), which, in suspended position of the facade element (10), closes the facade element (10) on a first side (10a) above a center of gravity (SP); - a lower closing element (20b) for closing the facade element (10) on the second side (10b) of the facade element (10) lying opposite the upper closing element (20a), wherein the lower closing element (20b) faces the ground (80) in suspended position of the facade element (10); - a facade body (30) arranged between upper and lower closing element (20a, 20b) for covering the building (50) with respect to a surrounding area (90) of the building (50); and - a recess (31) between upper closing element (20a) and the facade body (30) on a side (10c) of the facade element (10) facing the building (50) for receiving a bearing surface (21a) of a mounting element (2) of a fastening system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the facade element (10) is designed to bear with the upper closing element (20) in the region of the recess (31) on the bearing surface (21a) of the mounting element (2).

11. The facade (100) according to claim 10, characterized in that the facade (100) comprises a plurality of said facade elements (10), which are connected to one another via a tongue and groove structure (34).

12. A method (200) for the suspended fastening of at least one facade element (10) to a building (50) by means of a fastening system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the facade element (10) comprises an upper closing element (20a), which, in suspended position of the facade element (10), closes the facade element (10) on a first side (10a) above a center of gravity (SP); a lower closing element (20b) for closing the facade element (10) on the second side (10b) of the facade element (10) lying opposite the upper closing element (20a), wherein the lower closing element (20b) faces the ground (80) in suspended position of the facade element (10); a facade body (30) arranged between upper and lower closing element (20a, 20b) for covering the building (50) with respect to a surrounding area (90) of the building (50); and a recess (31) between upper closing element (20a) and the facade body (30) on a side (10c) of the facade element (10) facing the building (50) for receiving a bearing surface (21a) of a mounting element (2) of a fastening system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the facade element (10) is designed to bear with the upper closing element (20) in the region of the recess (31) on the bearing surface (21a) of the mounting element (2), wherein the method (200) comprises the following steps: - fastening (220) the fastening systems (1) for the facade element (1) to be suspended to the building (50) with respective bearing surfaces (21a) for the facade element (10) to be suspended with a suitable number of fastening elements (24); - suspending (230) the respective facade element (10) with the upper closing element (20a) thereof in respective recesses (31) on the bearing surface (21a) of the fastening system (1); and - fixing (240) the suspended facade element (10) by means of fixing elements (4) of the fastening system (1), which are inserted into a guide (3) on the mounting element (2) of the fastening system (21) and which are fixed to the upper closing element (20a).

13. The method (200) according to claim 12, wherein - while fastening (220) at least two fastening systems (1) a respective one in each both upper corners (10e) of the facade element (10) are in each case used symmetrically in the respective region, and - while suspending (230) the facade element (10), the recess (31) thereof does not completely cover the bearing surface (21a), so that a gap (S) between facade element (10) and building (50) remains at least around the fastening system (1) in order to compensate for unevennesses of the building (50).

14. The method (200) according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the method - comprises the further step of additionally fixing (250) the facade element (10) via a further fixing unit (6), by means of which the lower closing element (20b) of the facade element (10) is connected to the building (50), wherein the further fixing unit (6) is embodied so that it is not suitable for carrying the facade element (10), and comprises the further steps of: - determining (210) a position of a floor ceiling (70) of the building (50); and - fastening (220) the fastening systems (1) in the floor ceiling (70) of the building (50).

15. The method (200) according to any one of claims 12 to 14, comprising the further step of forming (260) a facade (100) according to any one of claims 10 or 11, which comprises a plurality or rows (R1, R2) of facade elements (10) placed on top of each other with a first row (R1) as lowermost row and at least one second row (R2) placed onto the facade elements (10) of the first row (R1), wherein, while suspending (230) the facade element (10) of the at least second row, said facade element is inserted into a tongue and groove structure (34) of the facade element (10) of the first row lying therebelow, wherein the method additionally - comprises the further step of fixing (270) the facade element (10) of the at least second row (R2) only by means of a second fixing unit (7) to the upper closing element (20a) of the facade element (10) of the at least second row (R2) to the building (50), and - comprises the further step of increasing (280) a number of used fastening elements (1) for each facade element (10) of the first row (R1) with the number of further rows of facade elements (10) placed onto the second row (R2).

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