Retaining wall construction, in particular for fastening a slope or the like, and method for the production thereof

Abstract

A retaining wall structure (10) for securing a slope (18) comprises at least one inner gabion wall section (12) and at least one outer facing wall section (20). It is proposed that at least in some areas there is a gap (22) between the gabion wall section (12) and the facing wall section (20), that the facing wall section (20) is anchored in a subsoil (16) (24) by means of at least one anchor section penetrating the gabion wall section (12), that the gap (22) is filled at least in some areas with a first material (26), and that the anchor section (24) in the gap (22) between the gabion wall section (12) and the facing wall section (20) is surrounded at least in some areas by a hardening second material (40) that differs from the first material.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a retaining wall structure according to claim 1 and a method for its manufacture.

[0002] A gabion is typically a wire basket filled with stones, used, for example, in landscape architecture, hydraulic engineering, and road and path construction for building large embankments, as retaining walls, etc. As retaining elements on slopes, gabions serve to absorb horizontal earth pressure. Gabion walls are frequently used as sections of retaining wall structures for stabilizing road embankments. EP 1 775 388 A2 discloses a retaining wall structure with a gabion wall section filled with concrete and a facing wall section on one visible side, which can be filled with gravel, crushed stone, or soil. DE 198 08 020 A1 describes a retaining wall structure with precast panels.

[0003] The object of the present invention is to improve the stability of existing gabion walls both during renovations and to ensure the long-term stability of new retaining wall structures that include gabion wall sections.

[0004] This problem is solved by a retaining wall structure and a method for its manufacture with the features of the respective dependent claim. Advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.

[0005] The retaining wall construction according to the invention has the advantage of being very stable and durable, while at the same time having only a slightly lesser thickness compared to retaining wall constructions that essentially consist only of the actual gabion wall. Furthermore, it can be manufactured using materials typically used in civil engineering.

[0006] Specifically, a retaining wall construction is proposed that can be used, for example—but by no means exclusively—for stabilizing a slope. The retaining wall construction according to the invention comprises at least one internal gabion wall section. "Internal" here means that the gabion wall section is arranged in a region of the retaining wall construction that faces or borders the ground to be supported. It is conceivable that the gabion wall section comprises a plurality of gabion elements, for example, a plurality of gabion elements arranged one above the other in a stair-like fashion.

[0007] Furthermore, the retaining wall structure includes at least one external facing wall section. "External" here means that the facing wall section is located in an area of ​​the retaining wall structure that faces an open area, such as a road or an open space, etc. A typical thickness of the facing wall section is approximately 15-30 cm.

[0008] Between the gabion wall section and the facing wall section of the retaining wall structure, there is at least a gap in some areas. Depending on the relative orientation of the facing wall section and the gabion wall section, this gap may, for example, have a tapered cross-section when viewed laterally. The facing wall section is anchored in the ground by means of at least one anchor section that penetrates the gabion wall section. The anchor section may, for example, be attached to the facing wall section by means of a dowel plate.

[0009] Typically, the anchor section is driven or inserted through the gabion wall section and into the ground behind it before the facing wall section is erected. For this purpose, a hole can be pre-drilled both into the gabion wall section and into the ground behind it. After inserting the anchor section into this hole, it can be grouted with a cement grout that expands as it hardens. In this way, the anchor section can be reliably anchored in the ground.

[0010] According to the invention, the gap is at least partially filled with a first material, and the anchor section in the gap between the gabion wall section and the facing wall section is at least partially surrounded by a hardening second material that differs from the first material. It is understood that the first material and / or the second material can each be a mixture of different materials. The first material allows the gap to be filled very individually according to the specific construction situation with the most suitable material. Furthermore, this further increases the stability and strength of the retaining wall structure according to the invention, and the second, preferably fluid-tight, material, for example, cast-in-place concrete, further enhances the stability and strength. o.ä., The anchor section is reliably protected against corrosion.

[0011] In a further training course, it is stipulated that the first material consists of permeable lean concrete, permeable mineral concrete, or permeable fill, such as gravel or crushed stone. These are all frost-resistant materials with relatively high water permeability, which is beneficial for the durability of the retaining wall structure. If a hardening material is used for the first material, such as the aforementioned lean concrete or mineral concrete, this will additionally bond the gabion wall section firmly to the facing wall section.In this way, a solid retaining wall structure is ultimately obtained, consisting of sections firmly connected to each other and to the ground. The side of the retaining wall structure facing the ground is essentially formed by the gabion wall section, while the side facing away from the ground is essentially formed by the facing wall section. The anchor sections and the fill material ensure that the entire retaining wall structure is reliably anchored in the ground.

[0012] In a further development, it is provided that the facing wall section comprises a prefabricated concrete wall. This significantly reduces the effort required on the construction site for the construction of the retaining wall structure. This also reduces the costs for the production of the retaining wall structure according to the invention.

[0013] In a further development, it is provided that the facing wall section has cladding on one visible side. This allows the retaining wall construction according to the invention to be used in a wide variety of application scenarios. For example, the cladding can visually resemble a natural stone wall, a classic stone-filled gabion, a wooden structure, etc.

[0014] During the training course, it is stipulated that the anchor section includes a micropile. Such a micropile, typically also referred to as a "ground nail," is a standard component used in civil engineering and is therefore inexpensive.

[0015] In a further development, it is provided that a base area of ​​the facing wall section is arranged directly adjacent to a base area of ​​the gabion wall section. Consequently, the thickness of the retaining wall structure is increased as little as possible by the facing wall section in addition to the gabion wall section, thereby expanding the range of applications of the retaining wall structure according to the invention.

[0016] In a further development, it is stipulated that the mean angle between the gabion wall section and a vertical is greater than the mean angle between the facing wall section and the vertical. This creates an approximately triangular cross-section (i.e., viewed from the side), resulting in a retaining wall structure that requires minimal space at the base while exhibiting high stability at the top.

[0017] In a further development, it is planned that the base of the facing wall section will be supported on a cast-in-place concrete foundation and secured to it by connecting reinforcement extending downwards from the facing wall section. This further increases the stability of the retaining wall structure.

[0018] The invention also includes a retaining wall structure, in particular for securing a slope or the like, comprising at least one inner gabion wall section and at least one outer facing wall section, wherein a gap is present at least partially between the gabion wall section and the facing wall section, wherein the facing wall section is anchored in the ground by means of at least one anchor section penetrating the gabion wall section, and wherein the gap is filled at least partially with a hardening fill material. The anchor section in the gap between the gabion wall section and the facing wall section can be surrounded at least partially by cast-in-place concrete. Furthermore, the hardening fill material can comprise a mineral concrete.

[0019] The inventive method for producing a retaining wall structure, in particular for securing a slope or the like, comprises the following steps: a. Arranging a facing wall section relative to a gabion wall section such that at least in some areas there is a gap between the gabion wall section and the facing wall section, b. Securing the facing wall section and the gabion wall section by means of an anchor section attached to the facing wall section and penetrating the gabion wall section, wherein the anchor section is anchored in the ground at the end projecting from the facing wall section, c. Filling the gap at least in some areas with a hardening filler material.

[0020] The invention also includes a method for producing a retaining wall structure, in particular for securing an embankment or the like, comprising the following steps: a. Arranging a facing wall section (20) relative to a gabion wall section such that at least in some areas there is a gap between the gabion wall section and the facing wall section, b. Securing the facing wall section and the gabion wall section by means of an anchor section attached to the facing wall section and penetrating the gabion wall section, wherein the anchor section is anchored in the ground at the end projecting from the facing wall section, c. Filling the gap at least in some areas with a hardening filling material.

[0021] An embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the only Figure 1 explained.

[0022] A retaining wall structure supports in Figure 1The overall reference numeral is 10. In this case, it comprises a gabion wall section 12, which is formed, by way of example, by four gabion elements 14a-d arranged in a stepped fashion, one above the other in the vertical direction and slightly offset from each other in the horizontal direction. The retaining wall structure 10 serves, by way of example, to secure a building site 16 or a slope 18. With respect to the retaining wall structure 10, the gabion wall section 12 with the gabion elements 14a-d is located on the inside, i.e., towards the building site 16.

[0023] The retaining wall structure 10 also includes a facing wall section 20. This section is located on the outside of the retaining wall structure 10, i.e., on the side of the retaining wall structure 10 facing away from the ground 16. A gap 22 exists in some areas between the gabion wall section 12 and the facing wall section 20. It is understood that the retaining wall structure 10 extends in one direction approximately perpendicular to the plane of the Figure 1 (“depth direction”) can have an almost arbitrary extent. For example, in the depth direction, a plurality of facing wall sections 20 and a plurality of gabion wall sections 12 can be arranged abutting each other and / or firmly connected to one another.

[0024] The facing wall section 20 is anchored in the subsoil 16 by means of an anchor section 24, wherein in an embodiment not shown both in the Figure 1 shown plane as well as in a direction perpendicular to the plane of Figure 1 Several such anchor sections can also be used. For this purpose, the anchor section 24 penetrates the uppermost gabion element 14d in the figure. To anchor it in the subsoil 16, the anchor section 24 is typically inserted a few meters, for example 2-3 m, into a pre-drilled hole in the subsoil 16, into which a hardening and expanding cement grout is then injected. Furthermore, the space 22 is partially filled with a first material 26, in this example a hardening fill material, such as a permeable mineral concrete. Alternatively, a permeable lean concrete and / or a permeable fill could also be used, for example with gravel or excavated material. It is understood that the first material 26 can also be a mixture of different materials. In any case, it is particularly advantageous if the first material has good permeability.

[0025] The facing wall section 20 is shown here as an example of a prefabricated wall, for example made of concrete. On a visible side 28 facing away from the building ground 16, the facing wall section 20 has, for example, a cladding 30, which creates a desired visual aspect of the facing wall section 20.

[0026] The aforementioned anchor section 24 is designed in this case as a so-called micropile or ground anchor. This is typically made of structural steel. It is connected to the facing wall section 20 in its Figure 1 The upper section is firmly connected. For this purpose, a plate 34 is attached to the facing wall section 20 on a rear side 32 of the facing wall section 20, which faces the gabion wall section 12 or the building site 16, using dowels 36. The plate 34 is typically also made of structural steel.

[0027] A fastening section 37, projecting towards the anchor section 24, is attached to the plate 34, for example by welding. The fastening section 37 is in turn connected to the anchor section 24 by a connecting device 38, which can be a typical connecting device used in building construction and / or civil engineering for connecting steel reinforcements or similar components. It can be seen that the area of ​​the anchor section 24 located in the space 22, in which the connecting device 38 is also located, is surrounded by a second, hardening, and in particular fluid-tight material 40, in this example, cast-in-place concrete. The first material 26 and the second material 40 are different from each other.

[0028] A foot area 42 of the facing wall section 20 is, by way of example, directly adjacent to a foot area 44 of the in Figure 1The lowest gabion element 14a is arranged. A mean angle 46 between the gabion wall section 12 and a vertical 48 is greater than a mean angle 50 between the facing wall section 20 and the vertical 48. A typical inclination of the facing wall section 20 is in the range of 8:1.

[0029] Thus, the distance between the gabion wall section 12 and the facing wall section 20 increases starting from the two base areas 42 and 44 in Figure 1 upwards to the upper ends 52 and 54 of the facing wall 20 and the gabion wall 12. This gives the space 22 between the gabion wall section 12 and the facing wall section 20 an approximately triangular cross-section when viewed from the side. The space between the lowest gabion element 14a and the base 42 of the facing wall section 20 is filled with concrete 56.

[0030] The base 42 of the facing wall section 20 is supported on a cast-in-place concrete foundation 58 and secured therein by a connecting reinforcement 60 projecting downwards from the facing wall section 20. For the purpose of liquid drainage, a drainage pipe 62 can, by way of example, be arranged in the space 22 within the mineral concrete fill material 26. Furthermore, a channel 64 can also be present in the area of ​​the foundation 58 for liquid drainage. The foundation 58 can also be anchored in the subsoil 16 by a micropile or ground anchor 66.

[0031] Typically, the retaining wall structure 10 is constructed as part of a remediation project on the slope 18, which includes one or more gabion wall sections 12. However, this is not mandatory. In such an exemplary remediation project, only the slope 18 with at least one gabion wall section 12 and the gabion elements 14a-d (example shown here) are initially present. To stabilize these, the anchor section 24 is first driven through the gabion wall section 12 into the subsoil 16 and secured therein.

[0032] Then the foundation 58 is constructed, at least in part, and the facing wall section 20 is prefabricated and positioned as desired, connected to the anchor section 24, and thereby secured. Finally, the foundation 58 is completed, the concrete 56 is poured, the drainage pipe 62 is inserted, and the first material 26, i.e., the fill material or the mineral concrete, is added. o.ä.The space 22 was filled, the second material 40 or the cast-in-place concrete was added, and finally the top was filled with earth 68 or similar.

Claims

1. Retaining wall construction (10), in particular for attaching to a slope (18) or the like, comprising at least one internal gabion wall portion (12) and at least one external facing wall portion (20), there being a space (22) between the gabion wall portion (12) and the facing wall portion (20) at least in some regions, characterized in that the facing wall portion (20) is anchored in the subsoil (16) by means of at least one anchor portion (24) that penetrates the gabion wall portion (12), in that the space (22) is filled with a first material (26) at least in some regions, and in that the anchor portion (24) in the space (22) between the gabion wall portion (12) and the facing wall portion (20) is surrounded, at least in some regions, by a hardening second material (40) that differs from the first material.

2. Retaining wall construction (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first material (26) comprises a permeable lean concrete, a permeable mineral concrete, or a permeable fill.

3. Retaining wall construction (10) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the facing wall portion (20) comprises a concrete prefabricated wall.

4. Retaining wall construction (10) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the facing wall portion (20) has a covering (30) on a visible side (28).

5. Retaining wall construction (10) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchor portion (24) comprises a pin pile.

6. Retaining wall construction (10) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a base region (42) of the facing wall portion (20) is arranged directly adjacent to a base region (44) of the gabion wall portion (12).

7. Retaining wall construction (10) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an average angle (46) between the gabion wall portion (12) and a vertical (48) is greater than an average angle (50) between the facing wall portion (20) and the vertical (48).

8. Retaining wall construction (10) according to at least one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that a base region (42) of the facing wall portion (20) is supported on a foundation (58) made of cast-in-place concrete and is secured in this by a connecting reinforcement (60) that projects downward from the facing wall portion (20).

9. Method for producing a retaining wall construction (10), in particular for attaching to a slope (18) or the like, comprising the following steps: a. arranging a facing wall portion (20) relative to a gabion wall portion (12) in such a way that there is a space (22) between the gabion wall portion (12) and the facing wall portion (20) at least in some regions, b. securing the facing wall portion (20) and the gabion wall portion (12) by means of an anchor portion (24) that is attached to the facing wall portion (20) and penetrates the gabion wall portion (12), wherein the anchor portion (24) is anchored in the subsoil (16) at the end which projects away from the facing wall portion (20), c. filling the space (22) with a first material (26) at least in some regions, d. surrounding, at least in some regions, the anchor portion (24) in the space (22) between the gabion wall portion (12) and the facing wall portion (20) with a hardening second material (40) that differs from the first material (40).

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