Pressure equalization vessel and arrangement

Abstract

The invention relates to a pressure equalization vessel (1) for closed fluid systems that are subject to changing temperatures and pressures, wherein the pressure equalization vessel (1) delimits an internal volume in a pressure-tight manner, the internal volume being able to be filled with fluid in a lower region (41) and with a gas cushion in an upper region (40) that remains and is directly adjacent to the lower region (41), wherein the pressure equalization vessel (1) is designed with openings leading into the lower region (41) and allowing the fluid to enter and leave, and with a closable opening which leads into the upper region (40) and allows the gas cushion to be introduced, and with a pressure-measuring device for measuring the pressure in the internal volume of the pressure equalization vessel (1), wherein measuring devices assigned to two different level lines (5, 7) of the fluid are arranged in the internal volume of the pressure equalization vessel (1), wherein the measuring device assigned to the lower level line (7) is connected to a controllable ventilation device of the upper region (40) in such a way that, when the fluid drops below the lower level line (7), the ventilation device of the upper region (40) is opened, and the upper region (40) is able to be switched to a pressureless state in relation to the environment of the pressure equalization vessel (1). An arrangement using pressure equalization vessels of this kind is also proposed.

Description

[0001] Pressure equalization tank and arrangement

[0002] Description:

[0003] This invention relates to a pressure equalization vessel for closed fluid systems subject to changing temperatures and pressures, wherein the pressure equalization vessel defines an internal volume in a pressure-tight manner, which can be filled with fluid in a lower region and with a gas cushion in a remaining and immediately adjacent upper region, wherein the pressure equalization vessel is designed with openings opening into the lower region for the entry and exit of the fluid and with a closable opening opening into the upper region for filling the gas cushion and with a pressure measuring device for measuring the pressure in the internal volume of the pressure equalization vessel.

[0004] In particular, the invention relates to a vessel and device by means of which all volume changes resulting from thermal expansion and contraction in fluid systems can be absorbed and returned by a compressible, internal gas cushion, unaffected by an intermediate separating membrane which disturbs the pressure gradient and the gas transport.

[0005] State of the art - function and disadvantages

[0006] Diaphragm expansion vessels (MAGs) manufactured and used according to the current state of the art are often unable to fulfill their intended tasks. Such MAGs usually consist of a pressure-resistant hollow vessel with a flexible diaphragm mounted inside, which divides the vessel into two chambers for a gas and a fluid, e.g., water. The pressure in the gas-filled chamber, at rest, corresponds to the hydrostatic water column plus an arbitrary "safety" pressure surcharge. The sum of these two partial pressures is called the pre-pressure. When heated, water (and any gas contained therein) expands into the MAG and presses on the diaphragm. The operating pressure increases. When cooled, the previously expanded system contents shrink. The operating pressure drops, and the expanded volume flows back into the system.The constant gas pressure on the membrane causes diffusion through the membrane into the water, shrinking the gas cushion in the air chamber and thus the MAG's capacity to absorb the expansion volume. Consequently, the operating pressure rises over time with each heating up, reaching the system pressure limit, after which water evaporates through a safety valve. Since the expansion volume and retraction volume are equal, but the storage space in the MAG decreases, the system's internal pressure drops below normal pressure upon cooling, forcing air from outside into the system. This "forced ventilation" occurs with every hot / cold cycle. The consequences are the ingress of oxygen, which promotes corrosion and bioactivity, and nitrogen, which impedes circulation through bubbling.

[0007] The MAG is usually connected to the return line of the circulation system via a pipe with an intermediate cap valve.

[0008] The task of the MAG is to maintain the essential and sensitive pressure balance in the circuit. This requires that the size of the air cushion, i.e., the air chamber, and the mass of the water in the water chamber, must be constantly known and correctable.

[0009] The disadvantage of this known form of pressure compensation is that neither gas nor water loss can be detected by a change in the pressure gauge reading, because the pressure acting on the diaphragm is always the same regardless of the fill level of the air chamber and the water chamber. To detect a gas loss, the MAG must be disconnected from the system and the water drained. The pre-pressure can then be readjusted using a nitrogen cylinder or an air pump.

[0010] This is due to gas passing through the membrane into the water chamber and from there spreading through the system. The air (or gas) initially physically dissolved in the water rises due to buoyancy and circulation to the upper area of ​​the system where it can outgas. When the accumulation becomes too large, it is usually vented. This causes the system pressure shown on the system pressure gauge to drop. To compensate for the pressure loss, water is usually added to the system via a manual water top-up valve up to the old pressure level. As a result, the volume of the water chamber increases and the air chamber decreases by the amount of air lost due to the venting. The existing pressure equilibrium is destroyed. This process is repeated with each air release until the water chamber of the MAG is full and the air chamber is empty.

[0011] As a result, the system draws in air during cooling and, when the pressure peak occurs during the next warm-up, pushes water out through the safety valve. The need for make-up water increases, while during the cooling phase, outside air penetrates the system due to the negative pressure created in the upper part of the system (which then has to be released again).

[0012] Under such conditions, water treatment is impossible. Due to the constant water exchange, any water protection chemicals either enter the drain and / or accumulate in the system due to evaporation, alter the pH and ion concentration, are excreted, and react to form undesirable precipitates. The minerals introduced with the make-up water promote scaling and biofouling, in addition to corrosion.

[0013] Furthermore, uncontrolled oxygen and carbon dioxide entering through air intake, diffusion, wet bridges, pump seals, pressure-reversed vents, diffusion-active plastics and other polymers as well as through the make-up water promote corrosion.

[0014] State-of-the-art devices also include devices that determine the changing water volumes due to temperature changes by weighing, thus establishing the required pressure equilibrium in relation to the gas pressure. Since the gas pressure is equal to the system pressure, the correct filling of either the water or the air chamber during flow operation is difficult to control due to the intervening membrane and its inherent stress.

[0015] Therefore, it is generally not possible in the current state of the art to determine the time for correcting the pressure equilibrium by readjusting the pre-pressure. The time can, inevitably, only be determined arbitrarily, after the fill level of the MAG has been estimated by tapping. For this purpose, however, the MAG must be separated from the system using the cap valve. The water chamber must then be emptied, and the air chamber must then be pressurized to the specified pre-pressure via the valve.

[0016] In summary, the current type of expansion tanks in isolated systems forces them to suck in air and expel water. The system is deteriorating.

[0017] The object of the invention is to propose a pressure equalization tank of the type mentioned at the outset which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art and is also suitable, within the framework of an arrangement according to the invention, as a terminal exchange storage tank as a functional part in complex pipe networks for oscillating water movement for water treatment for the purpose of system cleaning.

[0018] To achieve the stated object, the invention proposes a pressure compensation vessel according to the features of patent claim 1. An arrangement using the inventive

[0019] Pressure compensation tank is the subject of patent claim 10.

[0020] Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0021] The invention proposes to form the pressure equalization vessel without a membrane between the upper area filled with the gas cushion and the lower area filled with the fluid, in particular water, ie the upper and lower areas are directly adjacent to one another.

[0022] According to the invention, it is provided that two measuring devices assigned to different level lines of the fluid are arranged in the internal volume of the pressure equalization tank, wherein the measuring device assigned to the lower level line is connected to a controllable ventilation device of the upper region in such a way that when the fluid drops below the lower level line, the ventilation device of the upper region is opened and the upper region can be depressurized relative to the environment of the pressure equalization tank.

[0023] The measuring device for the upper level line provided according to the invention enables the pressure equalization tank to be filled with fluid up to the upper level line during commissioning in order to achieve a defined filling level. The gas cushion in the adjacent upper area can then be filled to the upper level line of this fluid, which defines the lower area, and the pressure of the gas cushion can be precisely measured.

[0024] Even during continued operation of the pressure equalization tank, the pressure of the gas cushion can always be measured precisely.

[0025] Should a fluid loss occur during operation of the pressure equalization vessel according to the invention, causing the fluid to drop below the lower level line, this can be reliably detected by the measuring device associated with the lower level line and forced ventilation of the upper area containing the gas cushion against ambient pressure can be initiated. This pressure drop then causes the system to be shut down by appropriate safety devices.

[0026] The measuring devices for the upper and lower level lines used according to the invention can be a wide variety of measuring devices, e.g. submersible electrodes, float switches or the like.

[0027] According to a preferred proposal of the invention, however, it is provided that the measuring device associated with the lower level line is formed by an immersion tube extending through the upper region with a tube opening ending at the lower level line, wherein the immersion tube is connected at the end facing away from the tube opening to a vent arranged outside the pressure equalization tank.

[0028] According to a further proposal of the invention, the measuring device associated with the upper level line is also formed by an immersion tube extending through the upper region with a tube opening ending at the upper level line, wherein the immersion tube is formed at the end facing away from the tube opening with a closable filling opening arranged outside the pressure equalization tank.

[0029] To facilitate the addition of chemicals to the fluid, according to a further proposal of the invention, the filling opening can be designed as a filling funnel. Furthermore, for precise measurement of the fluid level in the pressure equalization tank, a corresponding dipstick can be inserted through the filling opening into the interior volume of the pressure equalization tank.

[0030] According to a further proposal of the invention, in order to determine and display the current fluid level in the internal volume of the pressure equalization tank, the upper and lower sections can be connected to each other via a transparent line extending outside the pressure equalization tank. This transparent line can be formed by a rigid pipe or a flexible hose section and can also be provided with a scale.

[0031] According to a further proposal of the invention, the measuring devices, the closable opening for filling the gas cushion and the pressure measuring device open into the upper area via press fittings in an upper flange plate and the openings for the inlet and outlet of the fluid open into the lower area in a lower flange plate.

[0032] The measuring devices can also be arranged in a height-adjustable manner in the internal volume of the pressure equalization tank in order to be able to adjust the position of the upper and / or lower level line.

[0033] The pressure measuring device of the gas cushion in the upper area can be formed, for example, by a manometer, a digital pressure sensor, and / or a min. / max. switch, whereby combinations of the aforementioned pressure measuring devices are also possible.

[0034] In addition, a filter can be provided in the lower area of ​​the opening for the inlet and / or outlet of the fluid in order to prevent the transfer of solids from the pressure equalization tank into a connected pipe network or in the opposite direction.

[0035] An arrangement using several of the pressure equalization vessels according to the invention is characterized in that, in a consumer pipe system or circulation system with a pipe network containing the fluid, a first pressure accumulator according to the invention is arranged at a first point in the pipe network and second pressure accumulators according to the invention are arranged at at least one second point in the pipe network, preferably at the end of pipe sections of the pipe network. In this way, an automatic forward and backward movement of the fluid and the concomitant flushing of the pipe network can be brought about to prevent deposits within the pipe network. According to a further proposal of the invention, a functional module for controlled oscillating fluid movement can additionally be provided in the pipe network.

[0036] Further embodiments and details of the invention are explained below using exemplary embodiments in the drawings. They show:

[0037] Fig. 1 shows a MAG commonly used in the state of the art;

[0038] Fig. 2 the system pressure column in a schematic representation;

[0039] Fig. 3 shows a pressure equalization vessel according to the invention;

[0040] Fig. 4 a pipe network in a building, extending over three floors; and

[0041] Fig. 5 a fluid movement module.

[0042] Figure 1 shows a conventional MAG (Magnetoid Expansion Chamber). It typically consists of a pressure-resistant hollow vessel 38 with an internally mounted, flexible membrane 39 that divides the vessel into two chambers for a gas 43 and a fluid 42, e.g., water. The pressure in the gas-filled chamber 43, at rest, corresponds to the hydrostatic water column plus an arbitrary "safety" pressure. The sum of these two partial pressures is called the pre-pressure.

[0043] When heated, the fluid, usually water (and any gas contained within it), expands in the MAG and presses on the diaphragm. The operating pressure increases. When cooled, the previously expanded system contents shrink. The operating pressure drops, and the expanded volume flows back into the system.

[0044] The constant gas pressure on the diaphragm 39 causes diffusion through the diaphragm into the water, shrinking the gas cushion in the air chamber 43 and thus the MAG's capacity to absorb the expansion volume. Consequently, over time, with each heating cycle, the operating pressure rises up to the system pressure limit 48, after which water evaporates through the safety valve 22.

[0045] Since the expansion and retraction volumes are equal, but the storage space in the MAG decreases, the system's internal pressure drops below normal pressure during cooling, forcing air from outside into the system. This "forced ventilation" occurs with every hot / cold cycle. The consequences are the ingress of oxygen, which promotes corrosion and bioactivity, and nitrogen, which impedes circulation through bubbling.

[0046] The MAG is typically connected to the return line of the circulation system or pipe network via a pipe with an interposed cap valve 45. The MAG's task is to maintain the essential and sensitive pressure equilibrium in the circuit. This requires that the size of the gas cushion, i.e., the air chamber 43 and the mass of the water in the water chamber 42, must be constantly known and correctable.

[0047] The disadvantage of this form of pressure compensation is that neither gas nor water loss can be detected by a change in the pressure gauge reading, because the pressure acting on the diaphragm 39 is always the same regardless of the fill level of the air chamber 43 and the water chamber 42. To detect a gas loss, the MAG must be disconnected from the system and the water drained. The pre-pressure can then be readjusted using a nitrogen cylinder or an air pump.

[0048] Gas passes through membrane 39 into water chamber 42 and from there spreads throughout the system. The air (or gas), initially physically dissolved in the water, rises to the upper part of the system due to buoyancy and circulation, where it can outgas.

[0049] When the accumulation becomes too large, it is usually drained. This causes a drop in the system pressure indicated on the system pressure gauge. To compensate for the pressure loss, water is usually added to the system via the manual water top-up valve 33 up to the previous pressure level. As a result, the volume of the water chamber increases and the air chamber decreases by the amount of air lost due to venting. The existing pressure equilibrium is destroyed. This procedure is repeated with each air release until the water chamber of the MAG is full and the air chamber is empty.

[0050] As a result, the system draws in air during cooling and, upon the next pressure peak following warming, pushes water out through safety valve 22. The demand for make-up water increases, while during the cooling phase, outside air penetrates the system due to the negative pressure created in the upper part of the system (which then has to be released again). Under these conditions, water treatment is not possible.

[0051] It is generally not possible to determine the time for a pressure equilibrium correction by readjusting the pre-pressure. The time can, inevitably, only be determined arbitrarily, after the fill level of the MAG has been estimated by tapping. For this purpose, however, the MAG must be separated from the system using the cap valve 45 (see Fig. 1). Then, the water chamber 42 must be emptied, and then the air chamber 43 must be pressurized to the specified pre-pressure via valve 44.

[0052] Fig. 2 explains the system pressure column 47:

[0053] The lowest pressure p m in the hydrostatic pressure column is located at the top of the system (49) in the position vent 30

[0054] The highest pressure p max is located at the system bottom edge 48 in the position of the safety valve 22

[0055] The adjacent scale 52 abstractly describes the operative pressure window 53 within which the normal operational pressure process takes place, as a sub-range of the system pressure column 47. The manometer pressure displays are: lowest pressure 54, the selectable alarm pressure 53, highest pressure 55. Fig. 3, on the other hand, shows a pressure equalization vessel according to the invention with improved functionality as an innovative alternative to the vessels currently customary in the field of heating, hot water and others.

[0056] A pressure equalization tank 1 defines an internal volume in a pressure-tight manner and contains flanged covers 2, 3 at the top and bottom. On the upper flanged cover 2 are two sleeves with screwed-in press fittings 17, 18, through which two immersion pipes 4, 6, open at the bottom, extend to the respective level lines 5, 7. The immersion depths of the immersion pipes 4, 6 can be adjusted using the press fittings 17, 18 to change the level lines 5, 7.

[0057] The immersion tubes 4, 6 serve as measuring devices for the level of the fluid filled in the lower region 41. The upper region 40 located above them is arranged directly adjacent to the lower region 41 without any separation and is filled with a gas cushion.

[0058] A drain pipe 31 is connected to the tank connection 19 via the manual valve 24. At the other end, the pipe is provided with a hose coupling to which a transparent, multifunctional hose 9 is connected for manual control of the fill level using a scale 8. This hose 9, in turn, is connected to the flange cover 3 via the hose coupling 37 and pipe 32 and manual valve 14. The remaining manual valves 20, 21, 23, 26, and 28 serve to open or shut off the associated pipes.

[0059] An immersion pipe 6 with a bottom opening 12 is guided into the tank with a funnel 34, manual valve 23 and press fitting 18 up to the selected upper level line 7.

[0060] The funnel 34 is used for manual filling with liquid or chemicals, whereby the immersion depth of the immersion tube 6 determines the level of the level line 7. Another immersion tube 4 with opening 11 is guided via the manual valve 26 and the press fitting 17 to the selected lower level line 5.

[0061] A system inlet pipe 10 contains a manual shut-off valve 16 and supplies the lower section 41.

[0062] A float vent 30 is positioned on the immersion tube 4, which locks the vent when the immersion point 11 is flooded and, conversely, opens the vent when the fluid level falls below immersion point 11 and thus sets the pressure equalization tank to normal pressure (depressurized).

[0063] Options: Pressure gauge 29 is for visual pressure monitoring. 28 is a digital pressure sensor, 25 is a min. / max. pressure switch; filling valve 35 is for pressure monitoring for air or nitrogen.

[0064] The filter 56 cleans the fluid, which then exits the pressure equalization tank 1 via pipe 13 and manual valve 15. Manual valve 50 serves to regulate the water flow in combination with valves 15 and 16. The existing system safety valve 22 opens at maximum system pressure.

[0065] For the initial filling, the pressure equalization tank is filled with fluid via the dip tube 6 until the opening 12 is closed and the fluid has reached the upper level line 7.

[0066] Alternatively, fluid can flow in via the supply line 10 and the valve 16 until the level line 7 is reached. This causes an internal pressure to build up in the upper area 40.

[0067] In both alternatives, the gas cushion is then filled via valve 35 up to the desired internal pressure, which can be read, for example, via pressure gauge 29.

[0068] The measured pressure of the gas cushion is now the actual and precise working pressure consisting of the hydrostatic water column plus the surcharge, plus the expansion pressure. It can be read either via pressure gauge 29 and / or queried via pressure sensor 28, and reported if "critical" is indicated. If necessary, the gas cushion is refilled using a hand pump via the filling valve 35.

[0069] If a water shortage occurs, the pressure in the upper area 40 drops, and the pressure sensor 28 provides a warning. If further water loss occurs, the fluid in area 41 reaches the lower level line 5. The opening 11 of the immersion tube 4 is exposed, and the vent 30 vents the internal volume of the pressure equalization tank to ambient pressure, i.e., the displayed and measured pressure drops to zero. At this moment, the pressure sensor 28 triggers a shutdown with an alarm.

[0070] If the pressure drops due to gas loss, the pressure sensor 28 also gives a pre-warning; if the pressure drops further, the device is switched off.

[0071] The previously described pressure equalization vessel 1 automatically regulates the interplay of physical and chemical forces according to the laws of thermodynamics and reports limit violations. The usual problems (scale, corrosion, biofouling) do not even arise. No regular external maintenance is required.

[0072] Fig. 4 shows a typical pipe system on three floors of a building with various taps (57 - "closed" position) and (58 - "open" position) on the floors, and a water inlet 10, for example, in the basement. The previously described pressure equalization tanks 1 are installed at the end of each pipe section or at the taps. The water entering via the system connection 10 fills the entire pipe system and the tanks 1 until pressure equilibrium is reached. A hydraulic system separator 58 and an automatic relief valve 60 prevent any backflow into the supply line 10.

[0073] Water withdrawals cause a flow to the respective point of lowest pressure. In this way, the water is in constant motion between all withdrawal points throughout the system at uniform pressures, creating homogeneous conditions at all points exposed to water, including the closed taps.

[0074] For higher pressures and flow velocities for more intensive, turbulent, hydromechanical system treatment, a mobile, optional, ambulatory functional module 65 as shown in Figure 5 can be connected for controlled, oscillating water movement for system maintenance. The closure caps 66 indicate the connection points.

[0075] Pipe fittings connect module 65 to the system. Fig. 4. The water movement module 65 draws water from tank 71 and presses it into the diaphragmless pressure equalization tanks 1. A first pressure switch 69 determines the compression pressure, which increases in the pressure equalization tanks 1 and decreases in vessel 71. With the pressure gradient thus created, any laminar flow can be briefly overlaid with a highly turbulent flow (Re > 2300) with a sinusoidal flow velocity. For this purpose, valve 70 opens, and the pressure regulator 74 controls the discharge pressure generated by the backflow. The filter bed consists of natural minerals to stabilize the natural lime-carbonic acid balance throughout the system. The shut-off valve 75 is used to drain tank 71.

[0076] List of reference symbols:

[0077] 1 pressure equalization tank

[0078] 2 upper flange cover

[0079] 3 lower flange cover dip tube

[0080] 5 lower level line dip tube upper level line

[0081] 8 scale water level connecting pipe

[0082] 10 Connection system entry

[0083] 11 open pipe end

[0084] 12 open pipe end

[0085] 13 Connection system outlet 4 Shut-off valve

[0086] 15 Shut-off valve 6 Shut-off valve 7 Press fitting 8 Press fitting 9 Connection 0 Shut-off valve 1 Shut-off valve 2 System safety valve 3 Shut-off valve 4 Shut-off valve 5 Pressure control 6 Shut-off valve 7 Shut-off valve 8 Pressure sensor 9 Pressure gauge 0 Vent drain pipe

[0087] Drain pipe manual water top-up valve

[0088] Filling funnel

[0089] Air filling valve

[0090] hose coupling

[0091] hose coupling

[0092] MAG

[0093] Membrane upper area lower area

[0094] Water chamber MAG

[0095] Air chamber MAG

[0096] Air filling valve

[0097] Cap valve

[0098] System RL functional system pressure range

[0099] P max. System maximum pressure

[0100] P min. System low pressure

[0101] safety valve

[0102] dipstick

[0103] scale

[0104] Operational pressure window

[0105] P max. maximum operative pressure

[0106] P min. operative lowest pressure

[0107] filter

[0108] Tap to

[0109] Tap on

[0110] System separator

[0111] valve, relief

[0112] Water movement module

[0113] Connection points of the system pressure booster for controlled water movement RS flap

[0114] Pump, pressure increase

[0115] pressure switch

[0116] Valve, backflow

[0117] tank

[0118] filter medium

[0119] Drain nozzle

[0120] Exhaust air pressure regulator

[0121] shut-off valve

Claims

Patent claims:

1. Pressure compensation vessel (1) for closed fluid systems subject to changing temperatures and pressures, wherein the pressure compensation vessel (1) pressure-tightly encloses an internal volume which can be filled with fluid in a lower region (41) and with a gas cushion in a remaining and immediately adjacent upper region (40), wherein the pressure compensation vessel (1) is designed with openings leading into the lower region (41) for the inlet and outlet of the fluid and with a closable opening leading into the upper region (40) for filling the gas cushion and with a pressure measuring device for measuring the pressure in the internal volume of the pressure compensation vessel (1), characterized in that measuring devices assigned to two different level lines (5, 7) of the fluid are arranged in the internal volume of the pressure compensation vessel (1),wherein the measuring device associated with the lower level line (7) is connected to a controllable venting device of the upper region (40) such that, when the fluid drops below the lower level line (7), the venting device of the upper region (40) opens and the upper region (40) can be depressurized relative to the environment of the pressure equalization vessel (1). Pressure equalization vessel (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring device associated with the lower level line (7) is formed by a dip tube (4) extending through the upper region (40) with a pipe opening (11) terminating at the lower level line (7), wherein the dip tube (4) is connected at the end opposite the pipe opening (11) to a vent (30) arranged outside the pressure equalization vessel (1). A pressure equalization tank (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the measuring device associated with the upper level line (5) is formed by a dip tube (6) extending through the upper region (40) with a pipe opening (12) terminating on the upper level line (5), wherein the dip tube (6) is provided at the end opposite the pipe opening (12) with a closable filling opening arranged outside the pressure equalization tank (1). A pressure equalization tank (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the filling opening is designed as a filling funnel (34). A pressure equalization tank (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the upper region (40) and the lower region (41) are connected to each other via a transparent line (9) extending outside the pressure equalization tank (1).A pressure equalization vessel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the measuring devices, the closable opening for filling the gas cushion, and the pressure measuring device open into the upper region (40) of an upper flange plate (2) via press fittings (17, 18), and the openings for the inlet and outlet of the fluid open into the lower region (41) of a lower flange plate (3). A pressure equalization vessel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the measuring devices are arranged in a height-adjustable manner within the internal volume of the pressure equalization vessel (1). A pressure equalization vessel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pressure measuring device comprises a manometer, a digital pressure sensor, and / or a min. / max. switch.

9. Pressure equalization vessel (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a filter (56) is provided in the lower area (41) of the opening for the inlet and / or outlet of the fluid.

10. Arrangement using multiple pressure equalization tanks according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in a consumer pipe system or circulating system with a pipe network containing the fluid, a first pressure accumulator according to the invention is arranged at a first location in the pipe network and at least a second pressure accumulator according to the invention is arranged at the end of pipe sections of the pipe network.

11. Arrangement according to claim 10, characterized in that a functional module for controlled oscillating fluid movement is additionally provided in the pipe network.

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