Grate track separation element

Abstract

The invention relates to a grate track separation element (100) for separating a multi-track feed grate (50) of a grate furnace, comprising at least two cast parts (110, 140) which can be moved into one another in a transverse extent (100Q), wherein in at least one of the cast parts (110, 140), preferably in each cast part (110, 140), a cooling circuit (121, 151) made of pipelines (122, 152) is provided, wherein the cast parts (110, 140) each have a bottom side (111, 141) which, when fitted in the intended position in the feed grate (50), is directed towards a grate frame (54) of the feed grate (50), each have a top side (112, 142) lying opposite the bottom side (111, 141) which, in a first top portion (115, 145), runs along a longitudinal extent (100L) obliquely away from the bottom side (111, 141) up to a fold line (113, 143) and from the fold line (113, 143), in a second top portion (116, 146), in turn tapers obliquely further along the longitudinal extent (100L) toward the bottom side (111, 141), and have a front end face (117, 147) and a rear end face (118, 148), which connect the bottom side (111, 141) and the top side (112, 142), respectively. The invention further relates to a method for producing a grate track separation element (100) of this kind for a multi-track feed grate (50) of a grate furnace, to a feed grate (50) of this kind, and to an incinerator (70) having at least one feed grate (50) of this kind.

Description

[0001] Grate track separation element

[0002] The invention relates to a grate separation element for separating a multi-track moving grate of a moving grate combustion system. Furthermore, the invention relates to a moving grate, a combustion furnace with such a moving grate, and a method for producing such a grate separation element.

[0003] Moving grates (also called stepped grates or bulk grates) of a moving grate combustion system (for firing solid fuel) are usually – and preferably also according to the present invention – mounted or installed on a horizontal or, alternatively, inclined or sloping grate frame. They usually comprise two or more parallel so-called "grate tracks." These, in turn, each comprise several grate steps arranged one above the other in a step-like manner in the longitudinal direction of the grate. Grate steps are understood to be "levels" of the moving grate, designed or arranged like a flat staircase, on which the aforementioned solid fuel is continuously transported or conveyed in a "feed direction" from a feed shaft (above the uppermost grate step) through a combustion chamber to a slag or ash discharge (below the grate steps and behind the lowest grate step) for improved stoking.The feed direction of the solid fuel to be burned on the grate tracks of the moving grate corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the grate tracks. At the latest at the slag discharge behind the lowest grate level, the unburned slag or ash remaining on the grate levels is collected and transported away, for example, by a conveyor belt. The conveyor belt typically also collects the slag or ash below the grate levels that has already been collected in funnel-shaped collecting containers on its way through the combustion chamber and has fallen through the air slots for the air or oxygen supply to the grate levels, among other things. The grate levels, in turn, usually comprise several grate bars or grate stones arranged next to one another in a row. The moving grate usually has a central bar between two grate tracks to separate the grate tracks.

[0004] An example of a two-lane moving grate with a central beam between the grate tracks is described in WO 2018 / 149516 A1. There, the central beam comprises several one-piece grate track separation elements that overlap each other in the longitudinal direction of the grate, like roof tiles. These elements are exactly as high as two grate steps and, in terms of their shape, essentially correspond to the adjacent grate bars of the grate tracks. The grate track separation elements have a bottom side with a downwardly open U-shaped grate bar support holder for attachment to cylindrical grate bar supports, which also serve to support the stationary grate bars of the grate tracks.Furthermore, they have a cover side opposite the bottom side, which in a first cover section runs flat parallel to the bottom side along a longitudinal extension parallel to the feed direction up to a bend line and from the bend line in a second cover section runs diagonally further along the longitudinal extension towards the bottom side.

[0005] The large temperature changes to which the grate bar elements are subject between the conditions without firing (i.e., before commissioning or during maintenance, etc.) and when the incinerator is firing, result in the grate tracks expanding relatively significantly in their transverse extent. To compensate for this, an incinerator of the type mentioned above has groove-like, so-called "grate expansions" (essentially "edge pockets" or "edge drawers") in the cheeks of the grate frame, adjacent to the side walls of the combustion chamber, along the sides of the grate tracks, into which the grate tracks can extend laterally. In two-track grates, the grate tracks can then be fixed to the center beam or in the area of ​​the center beam on the grate frame and expand outwards into the grate expansions when the temperature rises. However, a problem arises with three or more track reciprocating grates.Here, at least one grate strip must be located between two center beams, i.e. it is prevented from expanding on both sides by the usually fixed, rigid center beams.

[0006] It is an object of the present invention to provide a grate track separation element and a moving grate with a central beam having such grate track separation elements, which eliminate the aforementioned problem and also allow the construction of a moving grate with more than two grate tracks.

[0007] This object is achieved by a grate track separation element according to patent claim 1, a moving grate according to patent claim 11, a combustion furnace according to patent claim 14 and a method for producing a grate track separation element according to patent claim 15. The grate track separation element according to the invention comprises at least two cast parts which can be displaced into one another in a transverse extension, ie perpendicular to the feed direction or grate longitudinal direction.

[0008] A cooling circuit consisting of pipes is formed in at least one of the castings, preferably in each casting. Each cooling circuit can be connected to a supply line separately or connected to one another, e.g., in parallel or in series.

[0009] According to the invention, the cast parts of the grate track separation element each have a bottom side or underside which, when the grate track separation element is installed in the moving grate as intended, each faces a grate frame of the moving grate.

[0010] At this point it should be mentioned that relative directional references such as “above”, “below”, “top”, “bottom”, “front”, “side”, “horizontal”, “vertical”, “front”, “back”, “lengthwise”, “crosswise” etc. here, as well as in the entire document, refer to the usual arrangement in a solid fuel incineration plant with the grate frame standing on the ground.

[0011] Furthermore, according to the invention, the cast parts each have a top side or top side opposite the bottom side, which, in a first top section, extends transversely, preferably perpendicularly, to the transverse extension, diagonally away from the bottom side up to a bend line or ridge line. The first top section forms a storage area of ​​the top side for the solid fuel. As already mentioned at the beginning, the longitudinal extension essentially corresponds to a feed direction of the moving grate.

[0012] From the bend line, the top side slopes further along its longitudinal extension to the bottom side in a second section. The second section forms a sliding surface on the top side, along which the solid fuel—as explained further below—can slide to the next first section of a subsequent grate separation element, which serves as a storage area. Overall, the cast parts are roof-like in their longitudinal extension, particularly similar to a "tailcoat roof."

[0013] According to the invention, the castings further comprise a front end face and a rear end face, which respectively connect the bottom face and the top face. This means that the front end faces the front side of the castings in the feed direction, between the bottom face and the top face, and the rear end faces the rear side of the castings in the feed direction. Preferably, the end faces are largely not exposed to fire when installed as intended.

[0014] As is usual for metal castings exposed to high temperatures, the castings can otherwise have thin walls relative to their dimensions in order to more easily dissipate absorbed heat radiation. This means that the two castings of a grate separation element can each be largely hollow on the inside and, in their basic form, essentially C-shaped half-shells in longitudinal section with open sides facing each other. Due to their essentially hollow structure, the castings have a considerably larger inner surface than the relatively small outer surface, which is directly exposed to the fire, through which the heat absorbed by the fire can be dissipated.

[0015] A moving grate according to the invention, which is mounted or installed on a horizontal or, as preferred here, on an inclined or sloping grate frame, comprises, as mentioned above, at least two grate tracks, preferably more than two, i.e., at least three grate tracks. As usual, the grate tracks can be arranged parallel to one another.

[0016] As already explained in detail at the beginning, the grate tracks each comprise several grate steps arranged one above the other in a stair-like manner in the longitudinal direction of the grate.

[0017] As mentioned above, the grate stages each comprise several grate bars or grate stones arranged in a row next to each other, usually water-cooled. Alternatively or additionally, the grate bars can also be air-cooled, e.g., by means of combustion air supplied from below through the air slots in the grate bars.

[0018] As mentioned, the moving grate has a central beam between each two grate tracks to separate the grate tracks. In contrast to the prior art, however, the central beam according to the invention comprises several grate track separation elements arranged one above the other in the longitudinal direction of the grate. "One above the other" here refers to the grate structure, as this is typically inclined at an angle of 8° to 15° to the horizontal or to the ground. For example, in a commercially available combustion plant, there is a slight slope from the feed chute for the solid fuel to be burned to the combustion chamber, so that the grate track separation elements are arranged (obliquely) one above the other due to the inclined direction of the inclined or sloping grate structure. Along the grate structure inclined to the horizontal, the grate track separation elements are therefore better described as being arranged one behind the other.

[0019] In addition, at least some of these grate track separation elements of the moving grate - as already mentioned above in the context of the grate track separation elements according to the invention - each have a bottom side which, when installed in the moving grate as intended, each faces a grate frame of the moving grate.

[0020] In contrast to the prior art mentioned at the outset, at least some of the grate track separation elements each have a cover side opposite the floor side, which in a first cover section runs diagonally away from the floor side along a longitudinal extent up to a bend line and from the bend line in a second cover section further along the longitudinal extent runs diagonally towards the floor side.

[0021] Preferably, the respective first cover sections of the grate track separation elements can be arranged with a backward inclined gradient that rises slightly in the feed direction of the feed grate, ie inclined backwards.

[0022] This ensures that the surfaces of the grate bars adjacent to the grate separation elements are parallel to the surface of the first deck sections of the grate separation elements. The solid fuel that collects on the surfaces of the inclined grate bars and the first deck sections of the grate separation elements, which serve as storage areas, is circulated particularly effectively by the slight gradient backward relative to the direction of advance of the moving grate. This gradient allows the solid fuel remaining on the storage areas to slide back slightly, and new solid fuel fed in from above is pushed over it, creating a slight circulating "circular movement" that allows the solid fuel to be burned more evenly.This is fundamentally comparable to the water movement of a river cascade cascaded over a waterfall, which also results in a circular vortex flow or circulation of the water. Furthermore, as already mentioned, at least some of the grate separation elements each have a front end and a rear end, which connect the bottom side and the top side, respectively.

[0023] According to the invention, the grate track separation elements are arranged with their end faces butt-to-butt in the longitudinal direction of the grate, i.e., one behind the other, so that the rear end face of a lower grate track separation element is arranged butt-to-butt with a front end face of an upper grate track separation element located above it, etc., adjacent in the longitudinal direction of the grate. This means that the end faces lie flush against one another.

[0024] Alternatively or (preferably) additionally, according to the invention at least some of the grate track separation elements are designed like the grate track separation elements according to the invention already mentioned above.

[0025] A combustion furnace according to the invention, in particular for solid fuel combustion or for a solid fuel combustion layer, comprises at least one such moving grate.

[0026] Furthermore, such a combustion furnace can typically have a combustion chamber which at least partially surrounds the moving grate.

[0027] The combustion chamber, in turn, can usually be formed from so-called fin walls, which usually essentially delimit the combustion chamber except for a feed opening for the solid fuel to be burned into the combustion chamber, flue gas ducts for removing the resulting flue gases, and a collection and removal system for collecting and transporting the ash or slag remaining during the combustion process. Furthermore, the incinerator can include a system for supplying air and / or coolant or water. As already mentioned above with regard to the prior art, the combustion chamber preferably contains edge pockets next to the two outer grate tracks of the moving grate, into which the outer grate tracks can extend laterally when they expand transversely.

[0028] In a method according to the invention for producing a grate track separation element for such a multi-track moving grate of a moving grate furnace, at least two cast parts that can be displaced into one another in a transverse direction are provided. "Provided" means that the cast parts can be delivered, for example, in a state ready for assembly or can be manufactured, i.e., preferably cast.

[0029] In this process, a cooling circuit consisting of pipes is formed in at least one of the castings, preferably in each casting, preferably cast in during a casting process for producing the castings. Advantageously, the pipes that will later be formed can be cast into the castings during the casting process or encased therein. This means that the pipes are not damaged during the casting process, but are merely slightly "melted" or surface-melted on the outside, so that they are held in place even without their form-fitting integration into the castings.

[0030] According to the invention, the castings are further designed, i.e. dimensioned and shaped, preferably cast, such that they have the shape described above, i.e. have such a bottom side, top side, end faces, side wall, etc. This has the advantage that their shape or surface shape essentially (i.e. in large parts, in particular the parts facing the combustion chamber) follow the surface shape or geometry of the grate bars if grate bars with an external shape are used in the moving grate, as are currently very frequently installed and as are described, for example, in DE 10 2015 101 356 A1.

[0031] The two cast parts are then arranged or positioned relative to each other in such a way that they together form a grate track separation element and can be moved relative to each other.

[0032] With the construction according to the invention, an expansion-compensating center beam is created by expansion-compensating grate track separation elements. Furthermore, due to the shape and arrangement of the grate track separation elements, it has a comparatively small surface area directly exposed to fire, since, as described above, it can largely follow the shape or surface form of the adjacent grate bars. As a result, each grate track separation element absorbs only slightly more heat than one of the grate bars. Furthermore, the cast parts of the grate track separation elements are designed and arranged in such a way that they absorb heat predominantly on the top side, which, however, they can dissipate evenly downwards in the area of ​​the surfaces shielded from the fire thanks to their particularly advantageous design (as explained further below).Furthermore, the cast parts of a grate separation element do not differ so significantly in size that they absorb roughly comparable amounts of heat, thus minimizing significant temperature gradients between the cast parts. This also largely prevents undesirable temperature-related stresses between them.

[0033] The inventive design also ensures that, when the grate track separation element is installed as intended in a moving grate, solid fuel can collect on the first cover section serving as a storage area. This advantageously covers the cover section and protects it from heat radiation. If, for example, a portion of the solid fuel is pushed onto the second cover section by the following solid fuel and slides off there, it lands on the next first cover section serving as a storage area and is automatically mixed and circulated with the solid fuel already lying there due to the slight incline.

[0034] In addition, the weight of a grate separation element is distributed, which, for example, facilitates assembly. Furthermore, the inventive design also simplifies and accelerates the production of such a grate separation element, since the cast parts of the grate separation element can be manufactured or cast individually and in parallel work steps.

[0035] Further, particularly advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention emerge from the dependent claims and the following description, wherein the independent claims of one claim category can also be developed analogously to the dependent claims and embodiments of another claim category and, in particular, individual features of different embodiments or variants can be combined to form new embodiments or variants.

[0036] There are various options for the design of the cast parts of the grate track separation element.

[0037] Preferably, the two castings can be designed—i.e., their outer and inner dimensions can be dimensioned and shaped for each other—in such a way that an inner casting can be displaced transversely to the longitudinal extent relative to an outer casting of the castings. Preferably, the outer casting can have a covering projection that covers or frames the inner casting at least on the cover side. Theoretically, however, it would also be possible for the outer casting to cover the inner casting on other sides, such as the end faces.

[0038] Particularly preferably, the covering projection of the outer casting can in any case enclose or cover the inner casting over the entire length or total length in longitudinal extension.

[0039] Accordingly, during assembly, the castings can finally be arranged in such a way that preferably an inner casting can be displaced transversely to the longitudinal extent relative to an outer casting of the castings, and the outer casting has a covering projection which covers, frames or encloses the inner casting, particularly preferably over the entire length in the longitudinal extent, at least on the cover side.

[0040] Preferably, an overall cover side of the grate track separation element can be stepped in the transverse extent at a transition from the cover side of the first cast part to the cover side of the second cast part. The overall cover side refers to the entire upper side of a grate track separation element, on which the solid fuel rests and which is exposed to the fire. It is composed of the individual partial cover sides of the cast parts. The actual "partial cover sides" of the cast parts are therefore referred to as cover sides for short throughout the invention. In the case of two cast parts that can be moved one inside the other, the overall cover side is, as mentioned or intended, variable in width and thus capable of compensating for expansion.

[0041] Particularly preferably, the transition can be stepped at right angles, i.e. formed with a right-angled step. A flat profile of the cover side of the outer casting up to the step and a flat profile of the cover side of the inner casting after the step in the transverse extension of the castings simplifies the casting mold and enables a uniform distance between the pipes of the respective cooling circuit and the cover side, thereby achieving more uniform cooling of the cover sides of the castings, which are exposed to heat radiation from the combustion process during operation. This ensures more uniform heating of the castings in the transverse extension and avoids stress cracks caused by temperature gradients along the surfaces or cover sides of the castings. Preferably, at least one of the castings can have a third cover section - e.g. in the longitudinal extension after the second, particularly preferably the shorter, cover section.The third cover section can, for example, be a front section or a front surface of the respective casting, which, viewed along the cover side in the direction of advance of the moving grate, is located at the front, i.e., in an area adjacent to the front face. When installed, the front section is directly exposed to the fire, unlike the front face, against which the rear face of the next casting of the next grate track separation element rests flush, so that these are not exposed to the fire and therefore do not absorb heat.

[0042] Preferably, the third deck section can connect to the second deck section from a further, i.e., a second, bend line on the deck side and from there run diagonally toward the front end. For example, the third deck section can run at a more slanted angle to the bottom side than the second deck section, i.e., at an angle to the second deck section. The additional gradient in this additional deck section further improves the circulation of the solid fuel lying on it.

[0043] The third deck section can particularly preferably be shorter in length than the second deck section mentioned above, which, as mentioned, serves as a sliding surface.

[0044] Particularly preferably, at least in the case of the inner casting, the cover side can also have a third cover section.

[0045] The advantage of such a design with a third deck section becomes particularly apparent when the moving grate has a corresponding design.

[0046] There are various options for the design of the moving grate.

[0047] As mentioned, it is customary and also frequently the case to mount at least some of the grate steps in such a way that they can slide along to an adjacent grate step, i.e. one located below or above it.

[0048] Preferably, every second grate step can be mounted so that it can slide along an adjacent grate step, i.e., one located below or above it, in order to move the solid fuel as evenly as possible across the moving grate. Each second step or grate step oscillates back and forth (relative to the stationary grate step in between) to circulate and push the solid fuel forward. This ensures even stoking with the best possible combustion.

[0049] In this case, the front section described above can then preferably be shaped in an inner casting such that it lies at a front edge or at a front bend on the second bend line parallel to a front side of a stationary grate bar of the moving grate and at a rear edge on the first bend line parallel to a front side of an at least straight advanced, advancing grate bar of the moving grate, i.e. it ends flush at the front with the front side of a stationary grate bar and at the rear flush with the front side of an advanced grate bar. This ensures that at least the inner casting - as mentioned above, e.g. when using grate bars with an outer shape as described in DE 10 2015 101 356 A1 - corresponds almost exactly to the shape orsurface of these grate bars and thus does not have any exposed protruding sections exposed to fire, which otherwise typically heat up particularly strongly in relation to the rest of the surface and are thus responsible for temperature gradients along the surface, which in turn can cause stress cracks.

[0050] Towards the top, i.e., perpendicular to a direction of extension of the first cover section and a direction of extension of the second cover section—thus essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the castings—the outer casting can protrude as little as possible over or beyond the inner casting of the grate track separation elements. This means that the covering projection of the outer casting relative to the inner casting is preferably at most 30%, particularly preferably at most 25%, further preferably at most 20%, and most preferably at most 15% of the height of a grate bar, in particular of a feedable grate bar.

[0051] Preferably, the covering projection of the outer casting may be formed such that it covers the third covering portion of the inner casting on a front surface of the outer casting.

[0052] Particularly preferably, the front surface can be flush with or flush with the front face of the outer casting, thus transitioning seamlessly or seamlessly into it. There are preferred options for the more precise geometry or surface shape of the cover side of the castings.

[0053] Preferably, the bend angle or ridge angle at the ("first") bend line of the castings between the first deck section and the second deck section can be obtuse. The bend angle is defined as the angle extending from the first deck section through the casting to the second deck section.

[0054] Specifically, this bending angle may preferably be at least 110°, particularly preferably at least 120°, further preferably at least 130°.

[0055] Preferably, however, this bending angle can be no more than 150°. Particularly preferably, this bending angle can be approximately 140°.

[0056] Alternatively or additionally, the (second) further bend angle or ridge angle at the ("second") bend line of the inner casting between the second deck section and the third deck section can preferably also be obtuse. This bend angle is also defined as the angle through the casting.

[0057] Particularly preferably, the second bending angle can be at least 110°, particularly preferably at least 120°, further preferably at least 130°.

[0058] Preferably, however, the second bending angle can be no more than 140°. Particularly preferably, the second bending angle can be approximately 135°.

[0059] There are also preferred values ​​for the area and length ratio of the deck sections of the deck side to each other.

[0060] Preferably, the first cover section can comprise at least 51%, preferably at least 60%, particularly preferably at least 70% of the cover side in the longitudinal extension of the grate track separation element.

[0061] The grate track separation elements can preferably be arranged or installed in the moving grate in such a way that the first cover section of each grate track separation element is inclined upwards by 10° to the horizontal. By horizontal, for example, we mean a floor on which the grate frame of the moving grate is supported or positioned. Inclined upwards to the horizontal is to be understood as meaning that the cover side in the area of ​​the first cover section has a positive gradient which is tilted by 10° to the floor and, on top of that, is also tilted backwards to the falling gradient of the grate frame. This means that the cover side in the area of ​​the first cover section, which serves as a storage area orServing as a slightly sloping "plateau" at the rear, it is oriented so that the first deck section, despite the sloping grate frame (here with a negative gradient), still has a positive gradient when the grate track separation element is installed as intended. As mentioned, the grate bars of the moving grate can then be oriented accordingly so that their upper sides are also inclined backwards by 10°.

[0062] There are various options for attaching the castings to the other components of the moving grate.

[0063] Preferably, only one of the castings can have grate frame fastening means on its bottom side for fastening, e.g. for screwing as a one-sided anchoring or fixing point, the casting to the grate frame.

[0064] Particularly preferably, the outer cast part can have grate frame fastening means on the bottom side for fastening, in particular screwing, e.g. by means of screws and nuts or the like, to the grate frame below.

[0065] Preferably, at least one of the castings can have grate bar fastening means on a side wall or side wall facing away from the other casting for fastening the casting to an adjacent grate bar. The grate bar is mounted in a fixed position on the grate frame, i.e., when constructing the moving grate with movable grate steps, it is attached to a stationary grate step.

[0066] For example, the grate frame fastening means and / or the grate bar fastening means can comprise at least two spaced-apart bolts, screws, threaded rods, threaded pins, threaded bolts, hammer-head screws, etc. and / or holes for fastening, e.g., for screwing the respective cast part to the underlying grate frame. Particularly preferably, the grate bar fastening means can each comprise a recess, most preferably polygonal, extending through the respective side wall. A polygonal, particularly rectangular, recess is particularly advantageous for assembly, since the cast parts—especially the outer cast parts that are screwed to the grate frame—are often only accessible from one side wall. Using hammer-head screws or similar screws that do not rotate when tightened, the cast parts can be screwed tight from one side.

[0067] More preferably, the recesses can be arranged opposite one another. Most preferably, they can be arranged at the same height as the stationary grate bars.

[0068] Advantageously, at least the inner casting can have such grate bar fastening means.

[0069] Particularly preferably, however, both castings can each comprise grate bar fastening means for lateral fastening to the respective adjacent, stationary grate bar, whereby the castings are coupled at the respective end to the respective (laterally) adjacent grate track.

[0070] For uniform heat absorption, i.e. so that the castings do not heat up unevenly across their surface, the castings can preferably each have an otherwise flat or smooth, closed side wall on the outer sides facing away from one another, on the grate track side, between the cover side, the bottom side and the two end faces, except for the said recess for attachment to the stationary grate bar.

[0071] Preferably, the above-described moving grate can comprise two central beams consisting of several grate path separation elements. As mentioned above, each of the central beams is composed of several grate path separation elements, the number of which is determined by the length of the moving grate in the longitudinal direction of the grate. Here, for example, the grate path separation elements are designed such that one grate path separation element is required per stationary grate stage.

[0072] In a three-lane moving grate, the central beams formed by the grate track separation elements can preferably be arranged between an outer grate track and a common inner grate track. The central beams can preferably be mirrored and arranged in relation to one another in such a way that they each allow outward thermal expansion of the inner grate track, to which an outer cast part of a grate track separation element of the respective central beam is fastened. This is made possible by the inner cast part of a grate track separation element being displaceably mounted in the outer cast part of the grate track separation element, so that, for example, additional widening in the transverse direction due to thermal expansion during operation (relative to the significantly colder assembly state) is not a problem. In general, the degree of transverse expansion of a grate track depends on several factors, such as:The grate bar material used, the combustion temperature, and the grate width. For example, the transverse expansion of a conventional grate can advantageously be made from a heat-resistant cast iron, such as material No. 1.4828 (with a linear thermal expansion coefficient of 17.5 - 18.0 x10'). 6 K' 1 between 20° C and 400 - 600°C; scale-resistant up to 1000° C in air) with a grate width of approx. 4 m at a typical combustion chamber temperature of approx. 400° approx. 2.66 cm.

[0073] Furthermore, there are various options for the internal design of the grate separation elements. As mentioned above, the cast parts of the grate separation elements can be open on at least one side or side wall, i.e., cast as a kind of "half shell." In longitudinal section, the cast parts can therefore be described as essentially C-shaped.

[0074] The interior of the castings can also be largely hollow to save material during casting and also keep the weight of the castings as low as possible. Furthermore, heat, for example, from incident thermal radiation, can be dissipated more easily in hollow, generally thin-walled components than in solid components. This means that the castings are easier to cool, which significantly increases their service life and durability.

[0075] To dissipate the heat or heat radiation absorbed during intended use more evenly and prevent the cast parts from overheating during operation, the cast parts can have a number of ribs, preferably on the inside, particularly preferably on the inside of the respective side wall. Ribs here refer to elongated wall sections that protrude in a web-like manner from a surface, for example, projecting perpendicularly to the wall surface or surface. The ribs can be straight, curved, wavy, or similar along their length.

[0076] The ribs on the inside of the castings allow for, among other things, geometrically determined temperature gradients within the individual castings to be very effectively compensated or dissipated. This is due to the fact that the castings are exposed to heat radiation very unevenly overall, namely predominantly on the top sides and in the upper areas of the front end and the side walls. This ensures that so-called "stress peaks" (which, if ignored, lead to stress cracks in the castings, at least in the long term) are evenly distributed across the entire half-shell at particularly hot spots on the castings. The cooling circuits mentioned above, with their pipes running through the half-shell-shaped castings to further cool the castings, are particularly helpful in dissipating heat from the top sides.

[0077] The ribs not only serve to distribute or dissipate heat, but also serve as physical reinforcement of the castings, in particular the two side walls to which the castings are screwed to the adjacent stationary grate bars.

[0078] During assembly, the castings are arranged with the above-mentioned open sides facing each other and are partially overlapped and firmly mounted to the adjacent components - but not to the other casting.

[0079] In addition to the open side, the cast parts can also be designed to be open at the bottom on their base. The cast parts can therefore be described as hollow blocks that slide inside one another and are open at the bottom and on one side.

[0080] In other words, the cast parts of a grate track separation element can be designed in such a half-shell shape that, when installed as intended, they together form a grate track separation element with variable width and which can be moved into one another.

[0081] The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying figures using exemplary embodiments. In the various figures, identical components are provided with identical reference numerals. The figures are generally not to scale. They show: Figure 1 shows a simplified sectional view through a solid fuel combustion plant with an exemplary embodiment of a moving grate according to the invention.

[0082] Figure 2 is a perspective, isolated view of the inventive moving grate according to Figure 1 and an enlarged section of several grate track separation elements including adjacent grate steps in a retracted state of the movable grate steps or grate bars,

[0083] Figure 3 shows the same enlarged section from Figure 2, but now in a fully advanced state of the movable grate steps or grate bars,

[0084] Figure 4 shows part of a longitudinal section through the moving grate of Figure 2 along the section line AA,

[0085] Figure 5 shows the same part of the longitudinal section through the moving grate from Figure 4 (slightly offset) along section line AA, but this time viewed from the other side,

[0086] Figure 6 shows a cross-section along the section line BB through the moving grate from Figure 2 and an enlarged section of a grate track separation element in cross-section with a view of the interior,

[0087] Figure 7 is a perspective bottom view of an isolated embodiment of a grate track separation element according to the invention (with cast-in cooling circuit including pipes),

[0088] Figure 8 is a perspective, isolated view of the cooling circuit piping (without the cast parts of the grate separation element) of the embodiment shown in Figure 7,

[0089] Figure 9 is a side view of an open side of an outer casting of the embodiment of Figure 7,

[0090] Figure 10 is a side view of an open side of an inner casting of the embodiment from Figure 7, Figure 11 is a perspective bottom view of a further embodiment of a grate track separation element according to the invention (with cast-in cooling circuit) shown in isolation.

[0091] Based on the roughly schematic sectional view of Figure 1, the structure of a solid fuel combustion plant 60 with an exemplary embodiment of a moving grate 50 or firing grate 50 according to the invention is first described. Figure 2 shows the moving grate 50 again in a larger and isolated form. When installed in the solid fuel combustion plant, this can be used, as shown in Figure 1, in the solid fuel combustion plant 60 for moving grate firing in a combustion chamber 62.

[0092] The moving grate 50, described in more detail below with reference to Figure 2, is located at the bottom of the combustion chamber 62 of the solid fuel combustion system 60. The solid fuel to be combusted is continuously fed into this combustion chamber 62 via a feed shaft 61. During combustion, the fuel bed in the combustion chamber 62 is continuously transported diagonally downwards above the moving grate 50 by the feed movements of every second grate stage (as already mentioned above). The upper area of ​​the moving grate 50 facing the feed shaft 61 is a drying and degassing zone; the main combustion takes place in the middle area, and the afterburning takes place in the lower area.

[0093] Below the moving grate 50, funnel-shaped ash collectors 66 are arranged. These collect the ash produced during combustion, which falls through the air slots 59s (see particularly the enlarged section of Figure 2) between the grate bars, and then feed it to conveying devices 67. At the lower end of the moving grate 50 is a slag conveying device 69. The ash and slag are further disposed of using suitable devices that are not shown in detail here. Above the combustion chamber 62 are boiler flues through which the flue gas is passed so that it transfers its energy to the heating surfaces, e.g., the fin walls of the boiler flues. The cooled flue gas is then passed through a filter system 64, shown only roughly schematically, and the filtered flue gases then exit the solid fuel combustion system 60 via an outlet 65.It is expressly pointed out that the solid fuel combustion plant in Figure 1 is only shown very roughly schematically, since the structure of such solid fuel combustion plants is known in principle to the person skilled in the art and the other components, in particular the devices for collecting and disposing of the ash and slag, for filtering the flue gases and for feeding the solid fuel into the combustion plant, are not essential to the invention.

[0094] As can be seen in an overall view in Figure 2, the moving grate 50 comprises several, namely exactly three, grate tracks 51, 52, 53 running parallel in the feed direction 50V or the longitudinal direction 50V of the grate. Each pair of grate tracks 51, 52, 53 is separated from one another by a central beam 200, which also runs in the longitudinal direction 50V of the grate. This central beam 200 is composed of a plurality of grate track separation elements 100 according to the invention, which will be explained in more detail later. These are arranged in a row on a grate frame 54 of the moving grate 50 in the longitudinal direction 50V of the grate or in its longitudinal extension 100L.

[0095] As usual, each of the grate tracks 51, 52, 53 is constructed from a plurality of stepped grate steps 55, 57 with individual grate bars 56, 58 with a height of 59. Here, the grate bars or grate blocks 56 of every second grate step 55 are mounted in a stationary manner. Relative to the stationary grate steps 55, the intermediate grate bars 58 of the intermediate grate steps 57, however, are mounted so that they can be moved forward. Theoretically, however, it would also be conceivable for, for example, two grate steps to be stationary and only every third grate step to be movable forward, or for other similar constructions.

[0096] The aforementioned stationary grate steps 55 comprise, in addition to the individual grate bars 56 arranged side by side in a transverse grate direction (perpendicular to the longitudinal grate direction 50V), elongated, wave-shaped or cylindrical grate bar supports or cross beams (not shown or hidden) below the grate steps 55.

[0097] The elongated grate bar supports, in turn, rest at the lateral end of the grate tracks 51, 52, 53 on two longitudinal beams of the grate frame 54, which is inclined at an angle of 50g to the horizontal B (see Figures 4 and 5). The longitudinal beams, together with additional transverse cross beams at the beginning and end of the grate tracks 51, 52, 53, form an outer, stable, rectangular frame or substructure of the grate frame 54.

[0098] Between these fixed grate bar supports, mounted on the two outer longitudinal beams of the respective grate track 51, 52, 53, there are further movable cross beams as part of the movable grate stages 57. The movable grate bars 58 are mounted and firmly anchored on these cross beams in the same way as the previously mentioned stationary grate bars 56.

[0099] The advancing grate bar supports or cross beams under the advancing grate steps 57 are in turn supported at their ends on longitudinal beams of an inner, rectangular frame or substructure of the grate frame 54.

[0100] This inner rectangular frame or substructure of the grate frame 54 rests as a whole with guide carriages on guide supports of the outer frame or substructure and can be moved forwards and backwards relative to the outer frame or substructure in the feed direction 50V by means of a hydraulic drive.

[0101] Specifically, the grate bars 56, 58 are mounted on the respective grate bar supports of the grate stages 55, 57 by means of a respective grate bar support receptacle (not shown here) formed in the underside of the grate bars 56, 58 at a rear end section in the feed direction 50V in the form of a downwardly open, U-shaped recess and are firmly anchored to these. For this purpose, the grate bars 56 are each placed with their U-shaped recess "at the rear" on the wave-shaped grate bar supports and at the front on the upper side of a next lower, feed-movable grate bar 58 of the next lower, feed-movable grate stage 57.

[0102] It should be noted at this point that the design of grate bars is generally known to those skilled in the art. For example, the grate bars 56, 58 could be designed or shaped as described in WO 2018 / 149516 A1.

[0103] As can be seen in Figures 2 and 6, among others, the individual grate steps 55, 57 of the grate tracks 51, 52, 53 and the individual grate track separation elements 100 of the central beam 200 are each partially connected to one another and partially connected or anchored to the underlying grate frame 54. In particular, the enlarged section of Figure 6 shows that the respective stationary grate bars 56 adjacent to the grate track separation elements 100 of the central beam 200 are each connected to the respective cast part 110, 140 of the respective grate track separation element 100 by means of corresponding grate bar fastening means 132, 133, 162, 163, as will be explained in more detail below. In addition, the central fixed grate bars 56 of the grate steps 55 of the central grate track 52 are anchored or screwed centrally to the underlying grate frame 54, forming a fixed anchor point 210 or fixed point 210 (see schematically in Figure 6, more detailed explanation follows later).

[0104] This means that as temperatures rise, the individual grate bars 56 of the grate stages 55 as well as the grate bars 58 of the grate stages 56, which are each mounted on top of them so as to be movable in advance, expand from the center in an expansion direction 211 or expansion compensation direction 211 to the sides outwards, i.e. in the direction of the two outer grate tracks 51, 53. In order to enable this temperature-related increase in width of the middle grate track 52 to the side or outwards in the direction of the adjacent center beams 200 (made up of the individual grate track separation elements 100) or in the direction of the two outer grate tracks 51, 53, the inner castings 140 (which are each firmly screwed to the inner grate track 52) can be moved sufficiently far outwards under the outer castings 110 or can expand freely under them.

[0105] The outer cast parts 110, in turn (decoupled from the inner cast parts 140), are fixedly mounted on the underlying grate frame 54 by means of grate frame fastening means 125, 127, forming a further "inner" anchor point 210 or fixed point 210, respectively, and anchored thereto, as will be explained in more detail below. The two outer grate tracks 51, 53, each of which is anchored or firmly screwed to one of the two outer cast parts 110 at the inner end, expand outward in the same expansion direction 211 at high temperatures. In order to allow them to spread or expand freely outwards, the respective outermost grate bars 56, 58 of the grate steps 55, 57 of the grate tracks 51, 53 are slidably mounted under lateral edge pockets 54R or edge drawers 54R of the grate frame 54 (as mentioned at the beginning).

[0106] The shape and design of the grate track separation elements 100 will now be described in more detail with reference to Figures 2 to 10, which, as mentioned, are arranged or mounted on a grate frame 54 in such a way that together they form a central beam 200 for separating two grate tracks 51, 52 or 52, 53.

[0107] As can be seen from the two side views of the grate track separation elements 100 of the moving grate 50 along the section line AA in Figures 4 and 5, the castings 110, 140 are arranged with a predominantly flat bottom side 111, 141 on the underlying grate frame 54 of the moving grate 50, which is inclined at an angle of inclination 50g to the horizontal B. They rest on two raised points or supports 111e, 141e of the bottom sides 111, 141 on one of the above-mentioned, diagonally sloping longitudinal beams of the grate frame 54. This means:the castings 110, 140 do not, as a whole, lie flat over their entire length 119, 149, but are arranged everywhere else (in the longitudinal extension 100L before, between and after the raised supports 111e, 141e) with some play spaced from the longitudinal member, which in particular reduces unwanted heat transfer to the grate frame 54 and, in the case of the inner castings 140 which can be moved outwards into the outer castings 110, also reduces friction.

[0108] In the illustrated embodiment, only the outer cast parts 110 in the area of ​​the raised supports 111e also have grate frame fastening means 127 in the form of holes 127 extending through the bottom side 111, in order to firmly anchor the outer cast parts 110 to the grate frame 54 by means of matching grate frame fastening means 125, as already mentioned above. Corresponding to the holes 127, the grate frame fastening means 125 are thus designed here, for example, in the form of elongated bolts 125, which fit or engage in the holes 127 and thus hold the outer cast parts 110 stationary on the grate frame 54.

[0109] As can be seen particularly in Figures 7, 9, and 10, a rectangular recess 135, 165 is additionally provided in the bottom sides 111, 141 of the castings 110, 140 between the two raised supports 111e, 141e. At the edge of the recess, a cooling circuit 121, 151 with pipes 122, 152 for water cooling the castings 110, 140 runs along the side wall and further into the top walls of the castings. When connected to a cooling circuit system (not shown), each individual casting 110, 140 can thus be cooled individually or separately, for example. More precise details of the cooling circuit 121, 151 with the pipes 122, 152 follow after the description of the geometric shape of the castings 110, 140.

[0110] Opposite the bottom side 111, 141, the cast parts 110, 140, which are essentially hollow overall and are therefore cast in principle like hollow building blocks, have on the top side a roof-like, in particular tailcoat-like, cover side 112, 142, which comprises a kink line 113, 143 or ridge line 113, 143 between a first cover section 115, 145 (see Figures 9 and 10) and a second cover section 116, 146. Viewed from the side (see Figures 4 and 5), the ridge line 113, 143, when installed as intended, corresponds to the highest point of the respective deck side 112, 142. The grate track separation elements 100 are arranged and designed on the grate frame 54 of the moving grate 50 such that the first deck section 115, 145 is aligned with a slight backward gradient a to the horizontal B or to the floor B, so that solid fuel to be burned located on the moving grate 50 is circulated better, as already explained above.

[0111] At the front end between the cover side 112, 142 and the bottom side 111, 141, a rear end side 118, 148 adjoins the first cover section 115, 145, which connects the cover side 112, 142 and the bottom side 111, 141 at the rear or “above” in relation to the sloping grate frame 54 when installed as intended.

[0112] At the front end - opposite the rear end 118, 148 - a front end 117, 147 adjoins the second cover section 115, 145 between the cover side 112, 142 and the base side 111, 141 of the outer cast part 110. When installed as intended, this front end is located at the front in the grate longitudinal direction 50V or the feed direction 50V, as mentioned.

[0113] In the inner casting 140, the cover side 142 has a further, second bend line 168 or rear edge 168, from which the cover side 142 is aligned with a front edge 167 of the third cover section 166 in the front end face 147 in a third cover section 166, which is only slightly angled thereto, at a slight angle (approx. 160°-170°), i.e. with an almost smooth transition. The third cover section 166 adjoining the second cover section 146 can also be referred to as the front section 166 of the cover side 142, since the front end face 147 then adjoins it in the inner casting 140.

[0114] In the construction explained above, when the grate track separation element 100 is installed as intended in the moving grate 50 on the grate frame 54 with the directly adjacent, stationary grate bar 56, the front section 166 of the inner cast part 140 is flush with the front side 56a of the grate bar 56, since the grate track separation element 100 is adapted in its shape, at least in places, to the shape of the grate bars 56. This means that in the transverse extent 100Q (or grate transverse direction) perpendicular to the grate longitudinal direction 50V, the transition from the central grate track 52 to the respective inner cast part 100 is stepless or seamless, as can be seen particularly well in Figure 3. The inner castings 140 are precisely shaped so that the second crease line 168 or rear edge 168 between the second deck section 146 and the third deck section 166 or.Front section 166 is aligned with an upper edge of a front side 58a of a movable, fully advanced grate bar 58 in the transverse extension 100Q. Furthermore, they are shaped such that a front edge 167 of the front section 166, as already mentioned, terminates or is aligned with a front edge 56a of a stationary grate bar 56 in the transverse extension 100Q.

[0115] As can be seen particularly in Figure 7, the cast parts 110, 140 are also essentially matched to one another in shape and size. A total length 119 of the outer cast part 110 corresponds exactly to a total length 149 of the inner cast part 140.

[0116] In contrast to the inner casting 140, however, the outer casting 110 has a covering projection 136 in the area of ​​the cover side 112, by which the outer casting 110 projects beyond or covers the inner casting 140 by a wall thickness toward the cover sides 112, 142, as viewed from the side (see in particular Figure 4). As a result, the inner casting 140 can be pushed into the outer casting 110 to a certain extent in a transverse extension 100Q, in alignment with the outer casting 110. This covering projection 136 is also specifically designed in the area of ​​the front section 167. It provides a sufficient overhang or overlap in the transverse extension 100Q, so that the cast parts 110, 140, when installed as intended, can always together form a closed, stepped overall cover side 112, 142, the lower step of which is always at least partially covered in the transverse extension 100Q by the covering overhang 136.This ensures that, as a rule, no solid fuel gets between the cast parts 110, 140 or into the hollow or interior space of the cast parts 110, 140 formed by the cast parts 110, 140. Furthermore, the cover projection 136 is designed to be sufficiently deep in the transverse extent 100Q so that the inner cast part 140 never strikes the outer cast part 110, even if, due to particularly high temperatures, the grate bars 56, 58 of the grate steps 55, 57 and the respective inner cast part 140 (relative to a "cold" assembly width) experience a total increase in width or expansion of several centimeters to one decimetre across the entire width in the transverse extent 100Q.

[0117] As already mentioned above, the castings 110, 140 have a cooling circuit 121, 151 with pipes 122, 152 that can be connected to a controllable cooling circuit system. These pipes 122, 152 are cast into the walls of the castings 110, 140. An inlet pipe section runs laterally along the inner sides 131i, 161i of the side walls 131, 161. After a bend (near the already mentioned bend line 113, 143 of the cover sides 112, 142), in which the pipes 122, 152 in both castings 110, 140 each follow the wall of the cover side 112, 142, the pipes 122, 152 then run "circularly" in an almost closed circle parallel to the cover side 112, 142 through the respective casting 110, 140.In this circular pipe section parallel along the tail-roof-like cover side 112, 142, the pipes 122, 152 (slightly offset inwards) essentially follow the outer edges of the castings 110, 140, so that the cover sides 112, 142 and the uppermost edge areas on the end faces 117, 118 and the side walls 131, 161 are cooled as evenly as possible from the inside.

[0118] After another bend (again near the bend line 113, 143, shortly before the pipes 122, 152 meet the bend at the inlet pipe section again), a drain pipe section finally runs parallel to the inlet pipe section in the direction of the bottom side 111, 141 laterally along the inner sides 131i, 161i of the side walls 131, 161 or side walls 131, 161 and vertically out of the bottom side 111, 141 out of the castings 110, 140. During operation in the connected state, "cool" water can thus continuously flow through the pipes 122, 152 of the two separate cooling circuits 121, 151, which in particular cools the exposed cover sides 112, 142 of the castings 110, 140, especially the slightly protruding cover side 112 of the outer casting 110 (with the cover projection 136).The heat absorbed by the cooling water in the grate track separation element 100 can then be tapped again at another location in an energy-saving manner by directly using the energy or generating electricity, and thus the water can be cooled again accordingly and then pumped through the pipes for cooling.

[0119] In order to fasten the cast parts 110, 140 of the grate track separation elements 100 to the adjacent grate bars 56, the cast parts 110, 140, as mentioned above, each comprise grate bar fastening means 132, 162 in the form of recesses 132, 162 in their side walls 131, 161 or side walls 131, 161. The recesses 132, 162 in the side walls 131, 161 extend for this purpose continuously from a respective inner side 131i, 161i to a respective outer side 131a, 161a of the side walls 131, 161. In order to fasten the grate bars 56 adjacent to the cast parts 110, 140 blindly, ie without counter-measures, e.g. In order to be able to screw the parts 110, 140 from the inside 131i, 161i of the cast parts 110, 140 (which is difficult to reach during assembly) to the outside 131a, 161a, for example by screwing a jam nut in the opposite direction, the recesses 132, 162 each have a rectangular cross-section.

[0120] For this purpose, corresponding grate bar fastening means 133, 163 in the form of hammer-head bolts 133, 163 are used, which allow the said grate bars 56 to be screwed to the cast parts 110, 140 from the outer side 131a, 161a of the side walls 131, 161 using simple nuts (without the need to access the difficult-to-reach inner side 131i, 161i). As is generally known, for this purpose, the head of the hammer-head bolts 133, 163, which can be inserted through the recess 132, 162 in one orientation, is guided through the recess 132, 162 in precisely this orientation and then rotated or locked by essentially 90°, whereby the hammer-head bolts 132, 162 are secured against further rotation in this direction.Then, by means of a suitable nut, a grate bar 56 guided over the thread of the respective hammer head screw 133, 163 can be firmly screwed from the outside 131a, 161a to the respective cast part 110, 140.

[0121] Alternatively, the hammer head screws could also be inserted beforehand or, if easier to reach, subsequently guided through the recess 132, 162 and screwed in.

[0122] The properly bolted state of two grate bars 56—each with one of the cast parts 110, 140—is particularly clearly visible in the enlarged circular section in Figure 6. This section shows a cross-sectional view through a grate track separation element 100 coupled to the grate bars 56 and resting on an H-beam or longitudinal beam of the grate frame 54, which is anchored on the side of the outer cast part 110 at the bottom to the grate frame 54 by means of the aforementioned grate frame fastening means 125.

[0123] When the grate track separation elements 100 are mounted on a grate frame 54 to form a center beam 200 for separating two grate tracks 51, 52, 53 of a moving grate 50 of an incinerator 70, the front end face 117, 147 of a casting 110, 140 is arranged flush with the front face 56a of an adjacent stationary grate bar 56 of the moving grate 50, and the respective casting 110, 140 is screwed to the stationary grate bar 56 of the relevant grate track 51, 52, 53. The structure described above creates an improved, expansion-compensating, three-track moving grate 50 which has a significantly longer service life and which, for example, makes it possible to For example, compared to a two-lane moving grate from the state of the art, it enables significantly larger quantities of solid fuel to be burned evenly in the same time.

[0124] With reference to Figure 11, a further embodiment of an alternative grate track separation element 100' will now be described, which can be used for another embodiment of a moving grate according to the invention, namely a two-track, moving grate, which could, for example, comprise only the two grate tracks 51, 52. This grate track separation element 100' is formed as a single piece from a single casting—unlike the previously described grate track separation element 100, which, as mentioned, consists of two individually cast parts 110, 140.

[0125] Otherwise, it should first be mentioned that the external shape is very similar. The grate track separation element 100' also has a flat bottom side 10T with two raised, strip-shaped supports 101e', with which the grate track separation element 100' rests directly on a grate frame. Within each of the two strip-shaped supports 101e' are two holes 127' as part of the grate frame fastening means 127' for attaching the grate track separation elements 100' to the grate frame. Using suitable screws or bolts as corresponding grate frame fastening means, the grate track separation element 100' can thus be firmly fastened to the underlying grate frame.

[0126] Opposite the bottom side 10T, the grate track separation element 100' also has a roof-like, in particular a swan-roof-like top or cover side 102', which also comprises a first cover section 105' and a second cover section 106' extending obliquely thereto, the transition of which forms a straight ridge line 103' or bend line 103'. As in the previously described embodiment, the cover sections 105', 106' are again arranged at an obtuse bend angle 104' to one another.

[0127] Between the bottom side 10T and the cover side 102', the grate track separation element 100' has a front end face 107' at the front and a rear end face 108' at the rear, which in the simplest case are simply designed to be completely flat and whose distance from one another defines a total length 109' of the grate track separation element 100'. The total length 109' is normally exactly the same length as the respective total lengths 119, 149 of the previously described two-part grate track separation element 100 for multi-lane moving grates 54 with at least three grate tracks 51, 52, 53. For a simple two-lane moving grate, the one-part grate track separation elements 100' with exactly the same grate steps 55, 57 and grate bars 56, 58 can therefore be used.When installed as intended, the one-piece grate track separation elements 100', like the two-piece grate track separation elements 100 described above, are arranged one behind the other with their end faces 107', 108' butt-to-butt, forming a center beam on the grate frame, i.e., they do not overlap. This has the advantage that the grate track separation elements 100' can be installed independently of one another during installation and, for example, can be easily replaced individually in the event of a defect, without the other grate track separation elements 100' of the center beam having to be removed one after the other.

[0128] The one-piece grate track separation elements can also be mounted on the grate frame in such a way that the first deck section of the deck side is tilted backwards, allowing solid fuel to collect there. This fuel can then be automatically stirred or circulated by sliding on the second deck section to the next first deck section, which serves as a storage area. The orientation of the grate bars is also tilted backwards, like the center beams of the multi-track, in this case three-track, moving grate.

[0129] Laterally, ie in the transverse extension 100Q of the grate track separation element 100' perpendicular to the longitudinal extension 100L, the grate track separation element 100' has a side wall 131' between the bottom side 101', the cover side 102' and the two end faces 107', 108'. The outer sides 131a' of the side walls 131 1are flat, whereas on the inner sides 131 i' of the side walls 131 ', among other things, a plurality of web-shaped, projecting ribs 134' are formed, which serve to dissipate or remove the heat absorbed on the outer sides 131a' during operation. In addition, pipes 122' of a cooling circuit 121 ' are cast into the inner sides 131 i' of the side walls 131 ', which pipes protrude slightly on the inner sides 131 i' of the side walls 131 ' compared to the remaining wall surface. This ensures that the side walls 131 ' can be made thinner overall and are therefore easier to cool. In addition, material can be saved when casting the grate track separation element 100 '.Throughout the side walls 131' from the inner side 131i' to the outer side 131a', the grate track separation element 100' also has rectangular recesses 132', each of which serves to fasten an adjacent, stationary grate bar of a grate stage in order to thus connect a grate track separation element 100' to a grate stage of a grate track.

[0130] Finally, it should be noted once again that the grate track separation elements described in detail above are merely exemplary embodiments which can be modified in a variety of ways by a person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the ribs shown in the respective exemplary embodiments, in particular their position, number, dimensions and shape, are only shown as examples, i.e. they could, for example, also be shorter, have smaller or larger spacings, be in larger or smaller numbers, or be distributed and designed differently. Alternatively or additionally, the grate track separation elements can be interspersed with further suitable cooling circuits not described in the exemplary embodiments shown above, with pipes running differently, e.g. in further loops, etc. Furthermore, the use of the indefinite articles “a” and “a” includes the following:“one” does not exclude the possibility that the features in question may also be present more than once.

[0131] List of reference symbols

[0132] 50 combustion grate / moving grate

[0133] 50V Grate longitudinal direction / feed direction of the feed grate

[0134] 50g Inclination angle of the moving grate / grate frame

[0135] 51 , 52, 53 Grate tracks

[0136] 54 Grate frame / grate support

[0137] 54R edge pocket / edge drawer

[0138] 55 Grate level, stationary

[0139] 56 Grate bar, stationary

[0140] 56a front side of the fixed grate bar

[0141] 57 Grate level, movable

[0142] 58 Grate bar, feed-movable

[0143] 58a front side of the advanced, movable grate bar

[0144] 59 Height of the grate bars

[0145] 59s air vents

[0146] 60 solid fuel incineration plants

[0147] 61 Feed chute

[0148] 62 combustion chamber

[0149] 64 filter system

[0150] 65 Outlet

[0151] 66 funnel-shaped ash collectors

[0152] 67 funding institutions

[0153] 69 Slag conveyor

[0154] 70 incinerator

[0155] 100, 100' grate track separation element

[0156] 100Q transverse extension

[0157] 100L longitudinal extension

[0158] 101 ' bottom side

[0159] 101e' raised support of the bottom side

[0160] 102' deck side

[0161] 103' crease line / ridge line

[0162] 104' articulation angle

[0163] 105' first deck section of the deck side

[0164] 106' second deck section of the deck side

[0165] 107' front end 108' rear end

[0166] 109' total length of the grate track separation element

[0167] 121 ' Cooling circuit

[0168] 122' pipelines

[0169] 127' Grating Scaffold Fasteners / Holes

[0170] 131 ' side walls

[0171] 131a' Outside of the side walls

[0172] 131 i' Inside of the side walls

[0173] 132' Grate Bar Fastener / Recess

[0174] 134' ribs

[0175] 135' rectangular recess on the floor side

[0176] 110 outer casting of the grate track separation element

[0177] 111 Bottom side

[0178] 111 e raised support of the bottom side

[0179] 112 Cover page

[0180] 113 first crease line / ridge line

[0181] 114 articulation angle

[0182] 115 first deck section of the deck side

[0183] 116 second deck section of the deck side

[0184] 117 front end

[0185] 118 rear front side

[0186] 119 Total length of the outer casting

[0187] 121 Cooling circuit of the outer casting

[0188] 122 Piping of the outer casting

[0189] 125 Grating scaffold fasteners / bolts

[0190] 127 Grate frame fasteners / holes of the outer casting

[0191] 131 side wall

[0192] 131a Outside of the side wall of the outer casting

[0193] 131 i Inside of the side wall of the inner casting

[0194] 132 Grate bar fasteners / outer casting recess

[0195] 133 Grate bar fasteners / hammer head screws

[0196] 134 ribs

[0197] 135 Recess of the outer casting on the bottom side

[0198] 136 Cover overhang

[0199] 137 Front surface 140 inner casting of the grate track separation element

[0200] 141 bottom side

[0201] 141e raised support of the bottom side

[0202] 142 Cover page

[0203] 143 first crease line / ridge line

[0204] 144 bend angle

[0205] 145 first deck section of the deck side

[0206] 146 second deck section of the deck side

[0207] 147 front end

[0208] 148 rear front side

[0209] 149 Total length of the inner casting

[0210] 151 Cooling circuit of the inner casting

[0211] 152 Pipelines of the inner casting

[0212] 161 side wall

[0213] 161a Outside of the side wall of the inner casting

[0214] 161 i Inside of the side wall of the inner casting

[0215] 162 Grate bar fasteners / inner casting recess

[0216] 163 Grate bar fasteners / hammer head screws

[0217] 165 Recess of the inner casting on the bottom side

[0218] 166 third deck section / front section

[0219] 167 front edge of the front section

[0220] 168 rear edge of the front section / second crease line of the cover side

[0221] 200 center beams

[0222] 210 Fixed point / anchor point

[0223] 211 Expansion direction / expansion compensation direction a Slope / angle of inclination of the first deck section to the horizontal

[0224] B Horizontal / Floor

Claims

Patent claims 1. Grate track separation element (100) for separating a multi-track moving grate (50) of a moving grate furnace, comprising at least two castings (110, 140) which are slidable one behind the other in a transverse dimension (100Q), wherein a cooling circuit (121, 151) consisting of pipes (122, 152) is formed in at least one of the castings (110, 140), preferably in each casting (110, 140), wherein the castings (110, 140) each have a bottom side (111, 141) which, in the intended state installed in the moving grate (50), each faces a grate frame (54) of the moving grate (50), and each has a top side (112, 142) opposite the bottom side (111, 141), which in a first top section (115, 145) runs diagonally along a longitudinal extension (100L) to a fold line (113, 143) away from the bottom side (111, 141) and from the fold line (113, 143) in a second deck section (116,146) further along the longitudinal extension (100L) again slopes towards the bottom side (111 , 141), and has a front end face (117, 147) and a rear end face (118, 148), which each connect the bottom side (111 , 141) and the top side (112, 142).

2. Grate separation element according to claim 1, wherein the two castings (110, 140) of the grate separation element (100) are designed such that an inner casting (140) can be displaced transversely to the longitudinal extent (100L) relative to an outer casting (110) of the castings (110, 140), and the outer casting (110) has a cover overhang (136) which covers the inner casting (140), preferably over the entire length (149) in longitudinal extent (100L), on the cover side (142).

3. Grate sheet separation element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a total cover side (112, 142) of the grate sheet separation element (100) is stepped in the transverse extent (100Q) at a transition of the cover side (112) of the first casting (110) to the cover side (142) of the second casting (140).

4. Grate separation element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the castings (110, 140), preferably at least the inner casting (140), has a third deck section (166) which extends from the second deck section (146). a further fold line (168) of the cover side (140) and from there runs diagonally towards the front end face (147).

5. Grate separation element according to one of the preceding claims 2 to 4, wherein the cover overhang (136) of the outer casting (110) is designed such that it covers the third cover section (166) of the inner casting (140) on a front surface (137) of the outer casting (110), wherein preferably the front surface (137) is flush with the front end face (117) of the outer casting (110).

6. Grate separation element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein one of the castings (110, 140), preferably the outer casting (110), has on the bottom side (112) grate frame fastening means (125, 127) for fastening the casting (110) to the grate frame (54).

7. Grate separation element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the castings (110, 140), preferably at least the inner casting (140), has on a side wall (131, 161) pointing away from the other casting (110, 140) grate bar fastening means (133, 132, 162, 163) for fastening the casting to an adjacent grate bar (56), wherein the grate bar fastening means (133, 132, 162, 163) preferably comprises a recess (132, 162) extending through the respective side wall (131, 161), which is particularly preferably polygonal.

8. Grate separation element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a bend angle (114, 144) at the bend line (113, 143) between the first deck section (115, 145) and the second deck section (116, 146) of the castings (110, 140) is obtuse, preferably at least 110°, particularly preferably at least 120°, further preferably at least 130° and preferably at most 150°, particularly preferably approximately 140°, and / or wherein a bend angle (144) between the second deck section (145) and the third deck section (146) of the inner casting (140) is obtuse, preferably at least 110°, particularly preferably at least 120°, further preferably at least 130° and preferably at most 140°, particularly preferably approximately 135°.

9. Grate sheet separation element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first deck section (115, 145) comprises at least 51%, preferably at least 60%, particularly preferably at least 70% of the deck side (110, 140) of the grate sheet separation element (100).

10. Grate separation element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the castings (110, 140) have a number of ribs (134) on the inside, preferably on a side wall (131, 161) pointing away from the other casting (110, 140).

11. Feeding grate (50) comprising at least two, preferably at least three, grate tracks (51, 52, 53) supported on an inclined grate frame (54), wherein the grate tracks (51, 52, 53) each comprise several grate steps (55, 57) arranged one above the other in a step-like fashion in a longitudinal direction (50V) of the grate, which in turn each comprise several grate bars (56, 58) arranged side by side in a row, wherein the feeding grate (50) has a central beam (200) between each pair of grate tracks (51, 52, 53), which comprises several grate track separation elements (100, 100') arranged one above the other in the longitudinal direction (50V) of the grate, wherein at least a part of the grate track separation elements (100, 100') - each has a bottom side (10T, 111, 141) which each faces the grate frame (54) of the moving grate (50), - each has a deck side (102', 112, 142) opposite the bottom side (10T, 111, 141), which in a first deck section (105', 115, 145) runs obliquely away from the bottom side (10T, 111, 141) along a longitudinal extension (100L) to a fold line (103', 113, 143) and from the fold line (103', 113, 143) in a second deck section (106', 116, 146) continues obliquely towards the bottom side (10T, 111, 141) again along the longitudinal extension (100L), and - each has a front end face (107', 117, 147) and a rear end face (108', 118, 148), each connecting the bottom side (10T, 111, 141) and the top side (102', 112, 142), wherein the grate separation elements (100, 100') are arranged butt-to-butt in the grate longitudinal direction (50V) with their end faces (107', 108', 117, 118, 147, 148), and / or wherein at least a part of the grate separation elements (100) is designed according to one of claims 1 to 10.

12. Feed grate according to 11, wherein the grate track separation elements (100, 100') are arranged in the feed grate (50) such that the first deck section (105', 115, 145) of each grate track separation element (100, 100') is inclined by an angle of inclination (a), which is preferably between 5° and 10°, to the horizontal (B).

13. Feed grate according to claim 11 or 12, comprising two central beams (200) with several grate strip separation elements (100), according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 10, which are arranged between each outer grate strip (51, 53) and a common inner grate strip (52), wherein the central beams (200) are designed and arranged in such a way as to be mirror images of each other, such that they each allow thermal expansion of the inner grate strip (52), to which each outer casting part (110) of a grate strip separation element (100) of the respective central beam (200) is attached, outwards by allowing the outer casting part (110) of a grate strip separation element (100) to be pushed over the inner casting part (140) of the grate strip separation element (100).

14. Combustion furnace (70), in particular for solid fuel combustion, with a feed grate (50) according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 13.

15. Method for manufacturing a grate separation element (100) for a multi-level feed grate (50) of a feed grate furnace, wherein at least two castings (110, 140) that are slidable into one another in a transverse dimension (100Q) are provided, wherein a cooling circuit (121, 151) consisting of pipes (122, 152) is formed in at least one of the castings (110, 140), preferably in each casting (110, 140), and is preferably cast in during a casting process for manufacturing the castings (110, 140), and wherein the castings (110, 140) are designed such that they - each have a bottom side (111 , 141) which, when installed as intended in the feed grate (50), each point towards a grate frame (54) of the feed grate (50), - each have a deck side (112, 142) opposite the bottom side (11, 141), which in a first deck section (115, 145) runs diagonally away from the bottom side (111, 141) along a longitudinal extension (100L) up to a fold line (113, 143). and from the bend line (113, 143) in a second deck section (116, 146) further along the longitudinal extension (100L) again diagonally towards the bottom side (111, 141), and - have a front end face (117, 147) and a rear end face (118, 148), which each connect the bottom side (111, 141) and the top side (112, 142), - Arranging the castings (110, 140) such that preferably an inner casting (140) can be displaced transversely to the longitudinal extent (100L) relative to an outer casting (110) of the castings (110, 140), and the outer casting (110) has a cover overhang (136) which covers the inner casting (140), preferably over the entire length (149) in longitudinal extent (100L), on the cover side (142).

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