Receiving device for solar radiation having a container for heating a heat transfer medium in a solar thermal power plant

Abstract

The invention relates to a receiving device (110) for solar radiation (112), having a container (200) for heating a heat transfer medium (210) in a solar thermal power plant, having an at least double-walled housing (220) which extends in a longitudinal direction (215), surrounds an interior space (208) and has an outer wall (206) and an inner wall (218) surrounded by said outer wall, wherein the inner wall (218) is formed from a multiplicity of surface segments (10) which are joined together gaplessly as viewed in a radial direction (238) that is transverse with respect to the longitudinal direction (215), wherein front faces (12, 14, 16, 18) of respectively adjacent surface segments (10) form an overlap (50) at least in a peripheral direction (242).

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] title

[0003] Receiver device for solar radiation with a container for heating a heat transfer medium in a solar thermal power plant

[0004] State of the art

[0005] The invention relates to a receiver device for solar radiation with a container for heating a heat transfer medium in a solar thermal power plant.

[0006] State-of-the-art solar radiation receiver devices are known as solar particle receivers for solar tower power plants. Such receiver devices utilize a rotating, hollow-cylindrical container in which a continuous film of ceramic particles, typically 1 mm in diameter or smaller, forms on the inner wall of the rotating cylinder as a heat transfer medium. This particle film is heated to over 1000°C by concentrated solar radiation and then removed from the cylinder. The energy stored in the particles can be temporarily stored in an insulated container and used for power generation and / or in process heat applications. DE 102014106320 A1 discloses a device with a solar radiation receiver, which comprises a container having an outer wall and an interior space surrounded by the outer wall.

[0007] The device comprises a supply device for supplying a heat transfer medium to the interior of the container. The container is driven by a rotary drive device of the

[0008] A solar radiation receiver device is rotatable about a rotational axis such that the heat transfer medium is guided along an inner wall of the container, forming a heat transfer medium film. The device comprises at least one overflow element for forming a rotationally symmetrical inner surface of the heat transfer medium film.

[0009] WO 2021 233 526 A1 discloses a heat exchanger device, in particular a solar radiation receiver, which comprises a heating chamber having a wall and an interior space surrounded by the wall. Furthermore, the heat exchanger device comprises a rotary drive device and a supply device for supplying a heat transfer medium to the interior of the heating chamber. The heating chamber is rotatable about a rotational axis by means of the rotary drive device such that the heat transfer medium can be guided along an inner side of the wall of the heating chamber, forming a heat transfer medium film. JP H02-302 582 A discloses refractory materials, in particular bricks, which are used for the interior lining of rotary kilns.The interface between a refractory layer and an insulating layer of the materials has a wave shape, with the wave crests connected in the circumferential direction of a shell of the rotary kiln, and the rising and falling portions of the waves running perpendicular to the shell. Here, the adhesive force between the refractory layer and the insulating layer resists the frictional stress caused by the movement of the fired object during use.

[0010] DE 12 70 728 A1 discloses a rotary drum kiln for waste incineration. The rotary drum kiln comprises an outer shell made of blast furnace rock and an inner shell formed by a plurality of surface elements in the form of firebricks. The end faces of the firebricks overlap via grooves and tongues.

[0011] Disclosure of the invention

[0012] The object of the invention is to provide a cost-effective and maintenance-friendly receiver device for solar radiation with a container for heating a heat transfer medium in a solar thermal power plant.

[0013] The object is achieved by the features of the independent claim. Favorable embodiments and advantages of the invention emerge from the further claims, the description and the drawing. According to one aspect of the invention, a receiver device for solar radiation with a container for heating a heat transfer medium in a solar thermal power plant is proposed, with an at least double-walled housing extending in a longitudinal direction, surrounding an interior and having an outer wall and an inner wall surrounded by the latter. Thermal insulation is arranged between the inner wall and the outer wall. The inner wall is formed from a plurality of surface segments joined together seamlessly in the radial direction transverse to the longitudinal direction, wherein end faces of adjacent surface segments form an overlap at least in one circumferential direction.The inner wall is at least partially supported against the outer wall in the radial direction by means of first spring elements. The thermal insulation forms the first spring elements.

[0014] The thermal insulation is designed to be at least partially resilient, at least in the radial direction. In the following, the terms insulation and / or thermal insulation and / or resilient insulation and / or elastic insulation are used for the insulation between the inner wall and the outer wall, since, according to the invention, the insulation between the inner wall and the outer wall has at least thermally insulating properties and resilient or elastic properties.

[0015] The container of the receiver device can, for example, be designed as a rotating drum in which a continuous film of ceramic particles with a diameter typically of no more than 1 mm forms on the inner wall of the rotating cylinder. This particle film is heated to over 1000°C using concentrated solar radiation and then removed. Temperatures of, for example, 1100°C and more can occur. The energy stored in the particles can be temporarily stored in an insulated container and used to generate electricity and / or in process heat applications. The receiver device has an inlet for supplying the heat transfer medium to the container and an outlet for removing the heat transfer medium from the container.

[0016] The special requirements regarding the design and mounting of the components of the rotating drum can be advantageously met by the receiver device according to the invention. On the inner wall, along which the particles are guided, the running surface, usually made of a high-temperature alloy, has a temperature of at least 900°C for the particles during operation.

[0017] This results in the inner wall, usually made of metal, experiencing significant thermal expansion in both axial and radial directions. Thermal insulation is located between the hot running surface of the inner wall and the outer wall of the container to advantageously reduce energy flow to the outer wall, and the outer wall typically reaches a maximum temperature of 100°C. Thus, the outer wall experiences lower thermal expansion.

[0018] A further advantage of thermal insulation is that when the inner wall is installed or removed, the inner wall can slide on the thermal insulation or be elastically guided by the thermal insulation. Furthermore, when the outer wall is installed or removed, the outer wall can slide on the thermal insulation or be elastically guided by the thermal insulation. The differences in expansion are usually compensated for by a bearing structure between the inner and outer walls. It must be ensured that the inner wall still has approximately the same axis of rotation as the outer wall and is not shifted against the outer wall. This is usually achieved with fixed and loose bearings. Loose bearings block relative movement in the direction of rotation. Fixed bearings block relative movement in the direction of rotation and longitudinal direction.

[0019] In the proposed receiver device, however, the entire surface of the inner wall is composed of many individual, separate surface segments, for example, ceramic elements, which are arranged to at least partially overlap. For this purpose, the tongue-and-groove principle can be used in the circumferential direction to connect curved or flat surface segments, so that adjacent surface segments abut one another at their end faces with at least some overlap. In addition to the tongue-and-groove principle, other options for connecting the surface segments and other options, such as a roof tile-like overlap, for creating the overlap are also possible. This prevents the surface segments from moving radially inward.

[0020] In addition, the inner wall is at least partially supported against the outer wall in the radial direction by means of the first spring elements. A force applied over a surface can act permanently from the outside on the inner wall. In this way, a radial outward movement of the surface segments can be limited. Advantageously, the elastic insulation between the inner wall and the outer wall forms at least part of the spring elements and can be prestressed, so that the elastic insulation permanently exerts the force applied over a surface from the outside on the inner wall or has a surface on which the inner wall is supported, whereby the radial outward movement of the surface segments can be limited.

[0021] During radial thermal expansion, the insulation or the initial spring elements are compressed. During the cooling process, the insulation or the spring elements can relax again.

[0022] In addition to insulation, other suitable elements can form the first spring elements. For example, additional spring elements made of metal or ceramic are conceivable.

[0023] This eliminates the need for an expansion gap to accommodate radial expansion. Furthermore, thermal bridges through the insulation are no longer required to support the inner wall in the radial direction.

[0024] Thermal insulation with a resilient effect can be achieved, for example, using polycrystalline wool, such as that used in exhaust gas catalytic converters. This material achieves sufficient elasticity even at temperatures above 1000°C to exhibit a predetermined spring force on the surface segments. Commercially available products are available, for example, with wool compositions of 72% Al2O3 and 28% SiO2 or 80% Al2O3 and 20% SiO2 (determined by chemical analysis according to DIN EN 955-2; 4). A force of a few Newtons is sufficient as a prestressing force. However, other materials with comparable properties can also be used for thermal insulation.

[0025] The thermal insulation can advantageously fulfill several tasks. For example, the thermal insulation can reduce energy flows to the outer wall, so that there is less thermal expansion on the outer wall. Furthermore, the thermal insulation can act as a sliding surface and / or as a guide, in particular as a resilient guide, during installation or removal of the inner wall or the outer wall. Furthermore, the thermal insulation can act as a sliding surface and / or as a guide, in particular as a resilient guide, of the surface segments during expansion of the surface segments in the longitudinal direction. Furthermore, the thermal insulation can have an elastic effect or a supporting effect, which limits the radial outward movement of the inner wall during operation.

[0026] A further advantage of using individual surface segments is the versatility of the design. Furthermore, the production of a large number of surface segments as identical parts can be realized cost-effectively.

[0027] According to a favorable embodiment of the receiver device, at least some of the surface segments can have a tongue-and-groove contour on their end faces, which interacts with a tongue-and-groove counter-contour of an adjacent surface segment. In this way, the surface segments can at least partially interlock, so that they can no longer move inward in the radial direction of the inner wall, both perpendicular to the surface of the surface segments. When the end faces of adjacent surface segments are pressed against each other, the surface segments form a stable, hollow-cylindrical inner wall. However, movement of the surface segments in the radially outward direction due to thermal expansion is possible.

[0028] In alternative embodiments, some of the surface segments can be formed with grooves on two opposite end faces, and another portion can be formed with tongues on two opposite end faces. To create a closed inner wall, the two embodiments can then be joined together alternately.

[0029] According to a favorable design of the receiver device, some of the surface segments can be arranged overlapping at their end faces, like roof tiles. In an alternative embodiment, the surface segments can form an overlap so that they can at least partially slide over one another upon thermal expansion. In this case, the geometric dimensions of the inner wall can advantageously remain largely constant.

[0030] According to a favorable embodiment of the receiver device, the surface segments can comprise a ceramic material, in particular the surface segments can be formed from a ceramic material. The inner wall can advantageously be constructed from ceramic materials instead of a corresponding metal alloy. Due to the higher melting point of ceramics, higher operating temperatures above 1000°C can be achieved, enabling further process heat applications in this temperature range. Furthermore, the use of ceramic materials is also expected to significantly improve the service life of the inner wall at temperatures up to 1000°C. Furthermore, ceramics have a lower thermal expansion coefficient than metals, which means that the bearing of the hot inner wall in the cold outer wall has to absorb less deformation and can be spatially smaller.

[0031] According to a favorable embodiment of the receiver device, the inner wall can be prestressed against the outer wall in the radial direction by means of the first spring elements, in particular by means of the elastic insulation that at least partially forms the first spring elements. In this way, a force applied over a large area can act permanently from the outside on the inner wall. Upon radial thermal expansion, the first spring elements or the elastic insulation are then compressed. During the cooling process, the first spring elements or the elastic insulation can relax again.

[0032] According to a favorable embodiment of the receiver device, the surface segments can be flat or curved in the circumferential direction, in particular as part of a hollow cylindrical shell. With flat surface segments, the inner wall can be designed as a hollow body with a polygonal cross-section. With curved surface segments that correspond to a circular arc section, a hollow cylindrical shape of the inner wall can be realized. According to a favorable embodiment of the receiver device, the inner wall can be supported in the circumferential direction against the outer wall by means of a fixed bearing. The fixed bearing can advantageously block the relative movement of the inner wall in the rotational direction and, at the location of the fixed bearing, in the longitudinal direction. In the radial direction, however, movement is possible due to thermal expansion.

[0033] According to a favorable embodiment of the receiver device, the fixed bearing can be designed as a stop against the outer wall on the end face of the surface segments and / or as a fixation of the respective surface segments in the circumferential and longitudinal directions. The movement of the surface segments on which the fixed bearing is arranged is locked in the circumferential and longitudinal directions. In this way, the relative movement of the inner wall in the direction of rotation and, at the location of the fixed surface segments, in the longitudinal direction can be advantageously locked. For example, the fixed bearing can be arranged on a lower end face of the lowest ring of surface segments, as seen in the direction of gravity.

[0034] According to a favorable embodiment of the receiver device, the surface segments can have a tongue and groove contour on their end faces in the longitudinal direction, which interacts with a tongue and groove counter contour of an adjacent surface segment. The tongue and groove principle can also be applied between the connection of the surface segments in the longitudinal direction. In this way, a stable connection between adjacent surface segments in the radial direction can be achieved. When heated, the surface segments are pushed away from the fixed bearing of the inner wall by sliding on the elastic insulation. According to a favorable embodiment of the receiver device, the inner wall can be elastically supported in the longitudinal direction against the outer casing by means of second spring elements. In particular, the second spring elements can be arranged on the end face of the lowest surface segments in the direction of gravity.When heated, the surface segments are pushed longitudinally away from the fixed bearing of the inner wall by sliding on the elastic insulation. This tensions second spring elements, which are arranged opposite the fixed bearing. During cooling, the second spring elements push the surface segments back again. The second spring elements can be made of elastic insulation or metallic spring elements.

[0035] According to a favorable embodiment of the receiver device, elastic retraction elements can be arranged between at least some of the surface segments and the outer wall, by means of which the surface segments are pretensioned or can be pretensioned longitudinally against the outer wall by spring force. Upon heating, the surface segments are pushed longitudinally away from the fixed bearing of the inner wall by sliding on the elastic insulation. The retraction elements, which are arranged opposite the fixed bearing, are thereby tensioned. During cooling, the retraction elements retract the surface segments. The retraction elements can be formed from elastic insulation or from ceramic or metallic spring elements.According to a favorable embodiment of the receiver device, the first and / or second spring elements and / or the retraction elements can be designed as a spring element made of metal or ceramic or as a thermal insulation element that is at least partially resilient. This advantageously allows a defined spring effect to be achieved.

[0036] In this case, at least a part of the first spring elements is designed as thermal insulation; further first spring elements can be made of metal or ceramic or a further thermal insulation.

[0037] According to a favorable design of the receiver device, the fixed bearing can be arranged longitudinally at an upper end of the inner shell, as seen in the direction of gravity, or along a length of the inner wall. Advantageously, the fixed bearing can be positioned longitudinally at any location along the entire length of the inner wall. For example, the fixed bearing can also be arranged on a lower end face of the lowest ring on surface segments, as seen in the direction of gravity.

[0038] According to a favorable design of the receiver device, the surface segments can be arranged to overlap in the longitudinal direction, like roof tiles. In the longitudinal direction, the circumferentially formed rings of surface segments, which are connected circumferentially according to the tongue and groove principle, can be constructed such that they overlap. This means that the thermal expansion of the individual surface segments does not add up, since the surface segments partially slide over one another during thermal expansion in the longitudinal direction. The thermal expansion has only small values. According to a favorable design of the receiver device, the surface segments can be positively connected to the thermal insulation in the radial direction. In order to maintain their position in the longitudinal direction of the inner wall, the surface segments can have a positive connection to the insulation between the inner wall and the outer wall.

[0039] According to a favorable embodiment of the receiver device, the surface segments can be connected to the outer wall by means of retaining elements, in particular by means of metallic or ceramic retaining elements. In an alternative embodiment, each individual surface segment can also be mounted on the outer shell by metallic or ceramic retaining elements in order to maintain its position in the longitudinal direction of the inner wall.

[0040] According to a favorable design of the receiver device, the end faces of the surface segments can have a triangular, semicircular, or rectangular tongue-and-groove contour in the direction of the thickness extension of the surface segments. This allows a defined positive connection for the intermeshing of adjacent surface segments to be achieved.

[0041] According to a favorable embodiment of the receiver device, the surface segments can have a surface structure for a predetermined setting of a frictional resistance and / or rolling resistance of the heat transfer medium. This allows the transfer of heat from the solar radiation to the heat transfer medium to be varied and advantageously optimized. According to a favorable embodiment, the receiver device can comprise an aperture opening for the entry of solar radiation at one of the ends of the container, wherein the container has a longitudinal axis oriented parallel to or at an acute angle of less than or equal to 90° to the direction of gravity. The container can be rotated about a rotational axis in a designated direction of rotation by means of a rotary drive device such that the heat transfer medium can be guided along an inner wall of the container, forming a heat transfer medium film.

[0042] By means of such an arrangement, a heat transfer medium film can form particularly favorably on the inner wall of the rotating container, so that the most uniform heat transfer possible from the solar radiation entering through the aperture opening to the heat transfer medium can be achieved.

[0043] This advantageously allows for a homogeneous distribution of the heat transfer medium, which can be embodied in particular as a particle stream, at the beginning of the heat transfer medium's flow surface on the inner wall of the container. The more homogeneous the particle film is across the entire height of the inner wall, the more efficiently and evenly the particles are heated by solar radiation.

[0044] drawing

[0045] Further advantages will become apparent from the following description of the drawings. The figures illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention. The figures, the description, and the claims contain numerous features in combination. Those skilled in the art will conveniently consider the features individually and combine them into useful further combinations. The figures show, by way of example:

[0046] Fig. 1 shows a receiver device for solar radiation with a container for heating a heat transfer medium in a solar thermal power plant in a transparent representation;

[0047] Fig. 2 shows a housing of a container of the receiver device according to an embodiment of the invention in an isometric view;

[0048] Fig. 3 shows a cross section through the housing according to Fig. 2 with an inner wall and first spring elements;

[0049] Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section through an inner wall according to a first embodiment of the invention;

[0050] Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section through a container with inner wall and outer wall according to a further embodiment of the invention;

[0051] Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section through an inner wall according to a further embodiment of the invention; and

[0052] Fig. 7 shows a longitudinal section through an inner wall according to a further embodiment of the invention.

[0053] Embodiments of the invention

[0054] In the figures, components of the same type or with the same function are designated by the same reference numerals. The figures merely show examples and are not to be understood as limiting. Directional terminology used below, including terms such as "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "before," "behind," "after," and the like, serves only to improve understanding of the figures and is in no way intended to limit the scope of the invention. The components and elements illustrated, as well as their design and use, may vary according to the considerations of a person skilled in the art and may be adapted to the respective applications.

[0055] Figure 1 shows a receiver device 110 for solar radiation with a container 200 for heating a heat transfer medium 210 in a solar thermal power plant in a transparent representation.

[0056] The known receiver device 110 shown in Figure 1 comprises a container 200 which is rotatable about a rotation axis 216 by means of a rotary drive device (not shown), as well as an inlet 300 for supplying the heat transfer medium 210 to an interior space 208 of the container 200 and an outlet 400 for discharging the heat transfer medium 210 from the container 200, both of which are connected to this container 200.

[0057] The container 200 has a longitudinal axis 214 which is oriented parallel or at an acute angle of typically less than or equal to 90° to the direction of gravity g, which is symbolized in the figure by a vertical arrow.

[0058] The container 200 comprises, in particular, a hollow cylindrical base body, which encloses the circular-cylindrical interior 208 surrounded by an outer wall 206. An inner wall 218 is arranged at a distance from the outer wall 206 and surrounds the interior 208. The container 200 has thermal insulation (not shown) between the outer wall 206 and the inner wall 218 so that temperatures of approximately 100°C can be maintained on the outer side 240 of the container 200, although the temperature of the inner wall 218 may be at least 900°C or higher, for example, 1100°C, due to the heated heat transfer medium 210.

[0059] The receiver device 110 has an aperture opening 416 for the entry of solar radiation 112 at the lower end 204 of the container 200.

[0060] The container 200 is rotatable in a designated direction of rotation 236 by means of a rotary drive device about a rotation axis 216 such that the heat transfer medium 210 is guided along the inner wall 218 of the container 200, forming a heat transfer medium film 212. The heat transfer medium 210 and the heat transfer medium film 212 are only indicated in Figure 1 on the side of the inner wall 218 facing the interior space 208.

[0061] The axis of rotation 216 forms an angle 222 with the direction of gravity g, which angle can be between 0° and 90° and can typically be approximately 45°, wherein the longitudinal axis 214 is expediently aligned coaxially with the axis of rotation 216.

[0062] The lower end 204 of the container 200, relative to the direction of gravity g, is open, forming the aperture opening 416 of the container 200, through which solar radiation 112 can enter the interior space 208 of the container 200. To absorb the heat transferred by the solar radiation 112, the inner wall 218 of the container 200 is provided with a heat transfer medium 210, which is supplied via the inlet 300 through the supply opening 304 at the upper end 202 of the container 200.

[0063] Due to the rotation of the container 200 about the rotation axis 216, the heat transfer medium 210 spreads on the inner wall 218 and thereby forms a heat transfer medium film 212.

[0064] The heat transfer medium 210 is fed into the interior 208 of the container 200 via the inlet 300, which is arranged at the upper end 202 of the container 200.

[0065] The heat transfer medium 210 can be transported, in particular conveyed, along the inner wall 218 from the end 202 at which it is supplied to an end 204 of the container 200 opposite this end 202, at which the aperture opening 416 is arranged, in order to apply solar radiation 112 to a continuous flow of heat transfer medium 210 and thus to heat it.

[0066] The inlet 300 is formed from a conical front wall 302 and a conical rear wall 308 directed toward the interior 208 of the container 200, which are arranged coaxially and one above the other in the axial direction. A cone angle can be, for example, between 30° and 90°, preferably between 45° and 80°. Guide elements 310 are arranged between the front wall 302 and the rear wall 308, aligned in the radial direction 238, and connected to the rear wall 308. In other embodiments, the guide elements 310 can also be connected to the inner wall 206 or alternately overlapping the rear wall 308 and the inner wall 206. In the prior art, these guide elements 310 are straight.

[0067] The heat transfer medium 210 is introduced into the inlet 300 via a supply opening 304 arranged in a tip of the conical front wall 302 and is guided between guide elements 310 in the radial direction 238 outwards to the inner wall 218 of the container 200.

[0068] The heat transfer medium 210 is distributed on the inner wall 218 during the rotation of the container 200 in the direction of rotation 236 and is guided downwards towards the outlet 400 by the force of gravity g.

[0069] The inner wall 218 of the container 200 typically has a friction-promoting device 234 so that the heat transfer medium 210 adheres as well as possible to the inner wall 218 and thus has a sufficiently long residence time in the interior space 208 to absorb sufficient heat from the solar radiation 112.

[0070] The heated heat transfer medium 210 is then available for further use, for example for electricity generation in the solar thermal power plant.

[0071] The heat transfer medium 210 can advantageously be flowable or pourable. In particular, the heat transfer medium 210 can be formed by particles. In particular, it can be provided that the heat transfer medium 210 comprises particles or bits of sintered bauxite or is formed from particles or bits of sintered bauxite. The particles or bits can preferably have an average particle diameter of approximately 250 μm to approximately 1.8 mm. However, powdered media with much smaller grain sizes, such as cement flour, can also be used. Preferably, no agglomeration of particles or bits occurs in the heat transfer medium up to at least approximately 800°C, in particular up to at least approximately 1,000°C. The particles preferably have a high degree of sphericity.The sphericity, i.e., the ratio of the surface area of ​​a sphere of the same volume to the surface area of ​​the particle, can in particular be greater than approximately 0.8, in particular greater than approximately 0.9. The particles can preferably be thermal shock resistant.

[0072] Advantageously, the axis of rotation can be parallel to or at an acute angle of less than or equal to 90°, preferably less than or equal to 80°, to the direction of gravity g. In particular, the axis of rotation can be coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the container.

[0073] In this case, a heat transfer medium film 212 can form particularly favorably on the inner wall of the rotating container, so that the most uniform heat transfer to the heat transfer medium can be achieved.

[0074] The container 200 can advantageously be made of steel. Due to the high temperatures of the heat transfer medium 210, the inner wall 218 is expediently formed from a high-temperature-resistant stainless steel or another high-temperature alloy such as Inconel. Dimensions of the container 200 can be, for example, up to 8 m long and 5 m in diameter. The wall thickness of the inner wall 218 can be, for example, 6 mm, while the outer wall 206 can have a wall thickness of 12 mm, for example. With such values, a weight of approximately 6 t to 20 t can result for the container 200 with associated thermal insulation between the inner wall 218 and outer wall 206.

[0075] Ceramic fiber mats can advantageously be used as thermal insulation between the inner wall 218 and the outer wall 206. The outer wall 206 can additionally have thermal insulation made of microporous fibers, which can be pressed into panels, on an outer side 240.

[0076] With the specified dimensions, expansion values ​​of up to 70 mm in the radial direction 238 and up to 150 mm in the longitudinal direction 215 can occur between the inner wall 218 heated to approximately 900° C by the heat transfer medium 210 and the outer wall 206 at a temperature of approximately 100° C.

[0077] Figure 2 shows a housing 220 of a container 200 of the receiver device 110 according to an embodiment of the invention in an isometric view.

[0078] The housing 220 extends in the longitudinal direction 215 and surrounds an interior space 208. The housing 220 is double-walled and has an outer wall 206 and an inner wall 218 surrounded by it. The outer wall 206 and the inner wall 218 are hollow-cylindrical. The inner wall 218 is formed from a plurality of surface segments 10 joined together seamlessly in the radial direction 238, transverse to the longitudinal direction 215. With an inner diameter of the housing 220 of approximately 5 m, the surface segments 10 can, for example, have dimensions of 0.25 m x 0.25 m.

[0079] The surface segments 10 can expediently be formed as ceramic elements in the form of tiles. The dimensions can be, for example, 0.25 m x 0.25 m, with an inner diameter of the inner wall 218 of approximately 5 m.

[0080] A thermal insulation 20 is arranged between the inner wall 218 and the outer wall 206, which is at least partially resilient in the radial direction. For this purpose, polycrystalline wool, such as that used in exhaust gas catalysts, can be used.

[0081] The radial outward movement can be limited by an elastic insulation 20 between the inner wall 218 and the outer wall 206. This insulation 20 can generate a preload in the form of first spring elements 40, so that a force applied over a large area acts permanently from the outside on the inner wall 218. In the event of radial thermal expansion, the elastic insulation 20 is then compressed. During the cooling process, the insulation 20 can relax again. Thus, an expansion gap no longer needs to be provided to absorb the radial expansion. Furthermore, thermal bridges no longer need to be passed through the insulation 20 to support the inner wall 218 in the radial direction.

[0082] In an alternative embodiment not shown, additional first spring elements 40 can be arranged between the inner wall and the outer wall in addition to the elastic insulation 20. Figure 3 shows a cross-section through the housing 220 according to Figure 2 with the inner wall 218 and the first spring elements 40. Insulation 20 and first spring elements 40 are schematically shown as spiral springs.

[0083] For the sake of clarity, reference symbols, as in the following figures, are only attached to individual components.

[0084] As can be seen in Figure 3, the surface segments 10 are arranged on the circumference of the inner wall 218 such that end faces 12, 14 of adjacent surface segments 10 form an overlap 50 in the circumferential direction 242 and interlock. The surface segments 10 each have a tongue and groove contour 24, 26 on their end faces 12, 14, which interacts with a tongue and groove counter contour 25, 27 of an adjacent surface segment 10.

[0085] In the exemplary embodiment, the surface segments 10 are curved in the circumferential direction 242 in the form of a circular arc section, and thus form part of a hollow cylinder shell.

[0086] In this exemplary embodiment, the end faces 12, 14, 16, 18 of the surface segments 10 have a triangular tongue-and-groove contour 24, 26 in the direction of a thickness extension 22 of the surface segments 10. Alternatively, the tongue-and-groove contour 24, 26 can be semicircular, rectangular, or in another suitable shape. In this way, a defined positive connection for intermeshing teeth of adjacent surface segments 10 can be achieved.

[0087] The inner wall 218 is supported against the outer wall 206 in the radial direction 238 by means of the first spring elements 40. In particular, the thermal insulation 20 can form the first spring elements 40, which support the inner wall 218 against the outer wall 206.

[0088] The inner wall 218 can expediently be prestressed against the outer wall 206 in the radial direction 238 by means of the first spring elements 40. In this way, a force applied over a large area can permanently act from the outside on the inner wall 218. Upon radial thermal expansion, the first spring elements 40 are then compressed. During the cooling process, the first spring elements 40 can relax again.

[0089] The movement of the inner wall 218 due to thermal expansion is shown in Figure 3 with an arrow 46.

[0090] Figure 4 shows a longitudinal section through an inner wall 218 according to a first embodiment of the invention.

[0091] The inner wall 218 is supported in the circumferential direction 242 by means of a fixed bearing 30 against the outer wall 206 (not shown). The fixed bearing 30 can be designed to fix the respective surface segments 10 in the circumferential direction 242. The outer wall 206 is not shown. The fixed bearing 30 blocks movement of the inner wall 218 against the outer wall 206 in the circumferential direction 242 and, at the location of the respective surface segments 10 at which the fixed bearing 30 is arranged, in the longitudinal direction 215. However, movement of the inner wall 218 in the radial direction 238 due to thermal expansion is possible and can be made more difficult by the elastic insulation 20 (not shown) or by the first spring elements 40 (not shown).In this embodiment, the surface segments 10 also have a tongue and groove contour 26 on their end faces 16, 18 in the longitudinal direction 215, which interacts with a tongue and groove counter contour 27 of an adjacent surface segment 10.

[0092] The tongue-and-groove principle can also be applied between the connection of the surface segments 10 in the longitudinal direction 215. In this way, a stable connection of adjacent surface segments 10 in the radial direction 238 can be achieved.

[0093] The inner wall 218 is elastically supported in the longitudinal direction 215 against the outer shell 206 by means of second spring elements 42. In the embodiment shown in Figure 4, the second spring elements 42 are arranged on the end face 26 of the lowest surface segments 10 in the direction of gravity g.

[0094] When heated, the surface segments 10 are pushed away from the fixed bearing 30 of the inner wall 218 by sliding on the elastic insulation 20 (not shown). This tensions the second spring elements 42, which are arranged opposite the fixed bearing 30. During cooling, the second spring elements 42 push the surface segments 10 back again. The second spring elements 42 can be formed from an elastic insulation 20 or from metallic spring elements.

[0095] The movement of the surface segments 10 in the longitudinal direction 215 due to thermal expansion is shown in Figure 4 with an arrow 48.

[0096] Figure 5 shows a longitudinal section through a container 200 with an inner wall 218 and an outer wall 206 according to a further embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the inner wall 218 also has surface segments 10 joined together according to the tongue and groove principle. However, elastic retraction elements 44 are arranged between at least some of the surface segments 10 and the outer wall 206, by means of which the surface segments 10 are prestressed or can be prestressed in the longitudinal direction 215 against the outer wall 206.

[0097] When heated, the surface segments 10 are pushed longitudinally away from the fixed bearing 30 of the inner wall 218 by sliding on the elastic insulation 20. This tensions the retraction elements 44, which are arranged opposite the fixed bearing 30. During cooling, the retraction elements 44 retract the surface segments 10. The retraction elements 44 can be formed from an elastic insulation 20 or from ceramic or metallic spring elements.

[0098] The retraction elements 44 as well as the first and second spring elements 40, 42 of the previous embodiments can advantageously be designed as a spring element made of metal or ceramic or as a thermal insulation 20 which is at least partially resilient.

[0099] In this case, retraction elements 44 can be formed from the elastic, thermal insulation 20 (not shown).

[0100] Alternatively, in addition to the thermal insulation 20, the retraction elements 44 can be arranged between the inner wall and the outer wall. Alternatively, the retraction elements 44 can be partially formed from the elastic thermal insulation 20, and additional retraction elements 44 can be arranged between the inner wall and the outer wall.

[0101] The movement of the surface segments 10 in the longitudinal direction 215 due to thermal expansion is shown in Figure 5 with an arrow 48.

[0102] The inner wall 218 is mounted against the outer wall 206 by a fixed bearing 30 (not shown in Figure 5). The fixed bearing 30 can be arranged in the longitudinal direction 215 at an upper end 32 of the inner shell 218 in the direction of gravity g or along a length 28 of the inner wall 218. Conveniently, the position of the fixed bearing 30 can be arranged in the longitudinal direction 215 at any location along the entire length 28 of the inner wall 218.

[0103] Figure 6 shows a longitudinal section through an inner wall 218 according to a further embodiment of the invention.

[0104] The surface segments 10 are arranged in the longitudinal direction 215 in an overlapping manner like roof tiles, wherein at least some of the surface segments 10 are arranged in an overlapping manner like roof tiles on their end faces 16, 18.

[0105] In the longitudinal direction 215, rings formed in the circumferential direction 242 from surface segments 10, which are connected in the circumferential direction 242 according to the tongue and groove principle, can be constructed such that they overlap. Thus, the thermal expansion of the individual surface segments 10 does not add up, since the surface segments 10 partially slide over one another upon thermal expansion in the longitudinal direction 215. The thermal expansion has only small values. The movement of the surface segments 10 in the longitudinal direction 215 due to thermal expansion is shown in Figure 6 with an arrow 48. The overlap 50 is shown as an example for a surface segment 10 and can change due to the movement of the surface segments 10 in the longitudinal direction 215.

[0106] The surface segments 10 can expediently be positively connected to the thermal insulation 20 (not shown) in the radial direction 238. To maintain their position in the longitudinal direction 215 of the inner wall 218, the surface segments 10 can have a positive connection to the insulation 20 between the inner wall 218 and the outer wall 206.

[0107] In an alternative embodiment, the surface segments 10 can also be connected to the outer wall 206 by means of retaining elements, in particular by means of metallic or ceramic retaining elements. Thus, each individual surface segment 10 can also be mounted on the outer shell 206 by metallic or ceramic retaining elements in order to maintain its position in the longitudinal direction of the inner wall 218.

[0108] Figure 7 shows a longitudinal section through an inner wall 218 according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention. The inner wall 218 is supported in the circumferential direction 242 and in the longitudinal direction 215 by means of a fixed bearing 30 against the outer wall 206 (not shown). The fixed bearing 30 is designed as a stop against the outer wall 206 on the lower end face 26 of the lowest ring of surface segments 10. The outer wall 206 as a counterbearing is not shown. The fixed bearing 30 blocks movement of the inner wall 218 against the outer wall 206 in the circumferential direction 242 and, at the location of the lowest surface segments 10 where the fixed bearing 30 is arranged, in the longitudinal direction 215. However, movement of the inner wall 218 in the radial direction 238 due to thermal expansion is possible.

[0109] In this embodiment, as in the embodiments shown in Figures 4 and 5, the surface segments 10 have a tongue and groove contour 26 on their end faces 16, 18 in the longitudinal direction 215, which interacts with a tongue and groove counter contour 27 of an adjacent surface segment 10.

[0110] The inner wall 218 is elastically supported in the longitudinal direction 215 against the outer shell 206 by means of second spring elements 42. In the embodiment shown in Figure 7, the second spring elements 42 are arranged on the end face 16 of the uppermost surface segments 10 in the direction of gravity g.

[0111] When heated, the surface segments 10 are pushed away from the fixed bearing 30 of the inner wall 218 by sliding on the elastic insulation 20. This tensions the second spring elements 42, which are arranged opposite the fixed bearing 30. During cooling, the second spring elements 42 push the surface segments 10 back again. The second spring elements 42 can be formed from an elastic insulation 20 or from metallic spring elements.

[0112] The movement of the surface segments 10 in the longitudinal direction 215 due to thermal expansion is illustrated in Figure 7 by an arrow 48. In all exemplary embodiments, the surface segments 10 can advantageously have a surface structure for a predetermined setting of a frictional resistance and / or rolling resistance of the heat transfer medium 210. In this way, the speed at which the heat transfer medium film 212 (see Figure 1) slides downward on an inner side of the inner wall 218 in the direction of gravity g can be influenced. As a result, the transfer of heat from the solar radiation 112 to the heat transfer medium 210 can be varied and advantageously optimized.

[0113] Reference symbol

[0114] 10 surface segment

[0115] 12 Front side

[0116] 14 Front side

[0117] 16 Front side

[0118] 18 Front side

[0119] 20 thermal insulation

[0120] 22 Thickness expansion

[0121] 24 Contour

[0122] 25 Counter contour

[0123] 26 Contour

[0124] 27 Counter contour

[0125] 28 length

[0126] 30 fixed bearings

[0127] 32 End

[0128] 34 front side

[0129] 40 first spring element

[0130] 42 second spring element

[0131] 44 Retraction element

[0132] 46 thermal expansion

[0133] 48 thermal expansion

[0134] 50 Overlap

[0135] 110 Receiver device

[0136] 112 Solar radiation

[0137] 200 containers

[0138] 202 first end

[0139] 204 second end

[0140] 206 exterior wall

[0141] 208 Interior

[0142] 210 Heat transfer medium

[0143] 212 Heat transfer medium film 214 Longitudinal axis

[0144] 215 Longitudinal direction

[0145] 216 axis of rotation

[0146] 218 interior wall

[0147] 220 housings

[0148] 222 angles

[0149] 236 Direction of rotation

[0150] 238 radial direction

[0151] 240 Outside

[0152] 242 circumferential direction

[0153] 300 entrance

[0154] 302 front wall

[0155] 304 Feed opening

[0156] 308 rear wall

[0157] 310 Guide element

[0158] 400 Exit

[0159] 416 aperture

Claims

Claims 1. Receiver device (110) for solar radiation (112) with a container (200) for heating a heat transfer medium (210) in a solar thermal power plant, with a longitudinally extending, at least double-walled housing (220) (215) which surrounds an interior space (208) and which has an outer wall (206) and an inner wall (218) surrounded thereby, wherein thermal insulation (20) is arranged between the inner wall (218) and the outer wall (206), wherein the inner wall (218) is formed from a plurality of surface segments (10) joined together without gaps in the radial direction (238) transverse to the longitudinal direction (215), wherein end faces (12, 14, 16, 18) of adjacent surface segments (10) form an overlap (50) at least in a circumferential direction (242), wherein the inner wall (218) is against the The outer wall (206) is at least partially supported in the radial direction (238) by means of first spring elements (40),and wherein the thermal insulation (20) forms the first spring elements (40).

2. Receiver device according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the surface segments (10) have a tongue and groove contour (24, 26) on their end faces (12, 14, 16, 18) which interacts with a tongue and groove counter contour (25, 27) of an adjacent surface segment (10).

3. Receiver device according to claim 1 or 2, at least a part of the surface segments (10) are arranged overlapping like roof tiles on their end faces (12, 14, 16, 18). Receiver device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface segments (10) comprise a ceramic material, in particular are formed from a ceramic material. Receiver device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the inner wall (218) is arranged to be pre-tensioned against the outer wall (206) in the radial direction (238) by means of the first spring elements (40). Receiver device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface segments (10) are planar or curved in the circumferential direction (242), in particular as part of a hollow cylindrical shell. Receiver device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the inner wall (218) is supported in the circumferential direction (242) against the outer wall (206) by means of a fixed bearing (30).Receiver device according to claim 7, wherein the fixed bearing (30) is designed as a stop against the outer wall (206) on the end face (18) of the surface segments (10) and / or as a fixing of the respective surface segments (10) in the circumferential direction (242) and in the longitudinal direction (215). Receiver device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the surface segments (10) have a tongue-and-groove contour (26) on their end faces (16, 18) in the longitudinal direction (215), which interacts with a tongue-and-groove counter contour (27) of an adjacent surface segment (10). Receiver device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the inner wall (218) is elastically supported in the longitudinal direction (215) against the outer shell (206) by means of second spring elements (42), in particular wherein the second spring elements (42) are arranged on the end faces (16, 18) of the uppermost or lowermost surface segments (10) in the direction of gravity (g). Receiver device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein elastic retraction elements (44) are arranged between at least a portion of the surface segments (10) and the outer wall (206), by means of which the surface segments (10) are pre-tensioned or can be pre-tensioned with spring force in the longitudinal direction (215) against the outer wall (206). Receiver device according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the first and / or the second spring elements (40, 42) and / or the retraction elements (44) are designed as spring elements made of metal or ceramic or as thermal insulation (20), which is at least partially resilient.Receiver device according to any one of claims 7 to 12, wherein the fixed bearing (30) is arranged longitudinally (215) at an upper end (32) of the inner shell (218) in the direction of gravity (g) or along a length (28) of the inner wall (218). Receiver device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the surface segments (10) are arranged longitudinally (215) in a roof-tile-like overlapping manner. Receiver device according to claim 14, wherein the surface segments (10) are positively connected to the thermal insulation (20) radially (238). Receiver device according to claim 14, wherein the surface segments (10) are connected to the outer wall (206) by means of retaining elements, in particular by means of metallic or ceramic retaining elements. Receiver device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the end faces (12, 14, 16, 18) of the surface segments (10) have a triangular, semicircular, or rectangular tongue-and-groove contour (24, 26) in the direction of a thickness extension (22) of the surface segments (10). Receiver device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface segments (10) have a surface structure for a predetermined setting of a frictional resistance and / or rolling resistance of the heat transfer medium (210).Receiver device according to one of the preceding claims, comprising an aperture opening (416) for the entry of solar radiation (112) at one of the ends (202, 204) of the container (200); wherein the container (200) has a longitudinal axis (214) which is oriented parallel or at an acute angle of less than or equal to 90° to the direction of gravity (g), wherein the container (200) is rotatable about an axis of rotation (216) in a desired direction of rotation (236) by means of a rotary drive device such that the heat transfer medium (210) can be guided along an inner wall (218) of the container (200) forming a heat transfer medium film (212).

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