Steam generating system comprising a heat exchanger

Abstract

The invention relates to a steam generation system (100) for generating gaseous working medium (403) from a liquid working medium (400, 401, 402) comprising a heat exchanger (200) and a separation chamber (280), wherein the heat exchanger (200) has an outer shell with an inlet (500) and outlet (501) for a heat transfer medium and the outer shell defines an interior space of the heat exchanger (200), wherein transfer tubes (210) are arranged in the interior space of the heat exchanger for guiding the working medium (401) from an inlet area (205) to an outlet area (215), wherein the heat exchanger (200) is configured to transfer heat from the heat transfer medium to the working medium, and wherein the separation chamber (280) is configured to separate gaseous (403) and liquid (402) working medium from each other and discharge them separately.wherein the interior of the heat exchanger (200) is separated from the outlet region (215) and from the inlet region (205) by a tube plate (220, 230) connected to the outer shell, the transfer tubes (210) arranged within the outer shell of the heat exchanger (200) are essentially straight and are oriented at an angle of 0 to 45° to the vertical, and the separation chamber (280) is arranged above the heat exchanger (200), and the heat exchanger (200) is configured to guide the working medium in the transfer tubes (210) from bottom to top towards the separation chamber (280). The invention further relates to a method for generating a gaseous working medium using the steam generation system according to the invention.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a steam generation system for generating gaseous working medium from a liquid working medium, comprising a heat exchanger and a separation chamber, wherein the heat exchanger has an outer shell with an inlet and outlet for a heat transfer medium, and the outer shell defines an interior of the heat exchanger, wherein transfer tubes are arranged in the interior of the heat exchanger for conducting the working medium from an inlet region to an outlet region, wherein the heat exchanger is configured to transfer heat from the heat transfer medium to the working medium, and wherein the separation chamber is configured to separate gaseous and liquid working medium from one another and to discharge them separately.

[0002] Industrial heat is often required in the form of saturated steam or slightly superheated steam at pressures between 10 and 40 bar. Today, steam is typically generated using fossil-fired steam generators. In the future, renewable electricity will increasingly become the primary energy source. To decouple electricity generation from heat demand, a heat storage system can be used. This allows heat to be generated from the electricity and stored. The stored heat can be used to generate steam when needed. State of the art

[0003] Document EP 2 910 781 A1 describes a solar thermal power plant with a solar receiver and a thermal energy storage arrangement with thermal energy storage fluid circulating through the solar receiver to store thermal energy. The system includes a multi-stage steam turbine operated by variable-pressure steam generated by a steam generation system utilizing the thermal energy storage fluid. The steam generation system includes an economizer section, an evaporator section, and a superheater section communicatively configured to utilize the heat of the hot thermal energy storage fluid to generate and supply the variable-pressure steam to the turbine.

[0004] Molten salts are often used as a heat storage medium. During steam generation, it is important to prevent the molten salt from solidifying in the steam generation system. At the same time, however, the aim is to cool the molten salt in the steam generation system as much as possible to achieve the greatest possible temperature difference between the two storage tanks, thus reducing the required storage mass and thus lowering investment costs.

[0005] Document EP 2 910 781 A1 describes this problem and possible technical solutions for applications in solar thermal power plants. Among other things, it proposes adding boiling water from the steam drum to the feedwater at the economizer inlet in order to achieve a desired mixing temperature at the economizer inlet. A pump is proposed to convey the boiling water, which is arranged between the steam drum and the mixing point. The document does not disclose the specific design of the economizer and the steam generator, although the figures indicate a horizontal orientation.

[0006] Various concepts for steam generation are known. Horizontally arranged devices are typically used. In a steam generator, the boiling water is located in the shell and the molten salt is on the tube side (WO2010 / 149387 A1). In an economizer, the molten salt is on the shell side and the water is on the tube side. Common heat exchangers are designed, among other things, as U-tube bundles or header types (WO2020 / 069704 A1).

[0007] The design types and configurations described in the state of the art have several disadvantages: In U-tube bundle heat exchangers, the tubesheet is exposed to two different temperatures, at least on the shell side, which leads to thermal stresses. Thermal stresses can lead to component failure, especially during frequent and rapid load changes. However, many thermal storage systems will be required to meet precisely this requirement in the future in order to be a technically adequate replacement for fossil fuel combustion or direct electrical steam generation.

[0008] With a horizontal arrangement of the evaporator tubes, a sufficiently high flow velocity is required to prevent phase separation due to gravity. This requires sufficiently small tube cross-sections and thus a relatively high number of evaporator tubes, which makes possible connection methods between tube and tubesheet difficult or practically impossible, such as through-hole welding. Furthermore, the need for sufficient flow limits the partial load capacity of the heat exchanger component.

[0009] The horizontal arrangement and orientation of the heat exchanger also has the disadvantage of requiring a relatively large amount of space.

[0010] If the economizer and evaporator are designed as separate devices, there is a risk that partial evaporation may occur unintentionally in the economizer, which can lead to increased pressure losses and, in the long term, damage the component.

[0011] In the known solutions, a pump is provided for the recirculation of the boiling water.

[0012] Furthermore, a substantially horizontal arrangement of the transfer tubes, deflections in the transfer tubes and high flow velocities lead to relatively high pressure losses and thus to a relatively high power requirement for the pump.

[0013] To preheat the devices before filling them with heat exchange medium, it is known to heat water in a separate external electric heater and then supply the heated water or steam to the devices to be heated, possibly using pumps. Therefore, several additional components are required for preheating. Technical problem of the invention

[0014] The technical object of the present invention was therefore to reduce or avoid thermal stresses in tube plates of shell-and-tube heat exchangers. Furthermore, the object was to prevent damage caused by partial evaporation in the heat exchanger tubes, reduce pressure losses in the heat exchanger tubes, and increase the heat exchanger's partial load capacity. Furthermore, the object was to reduce the space required for a heat exchanger, especially for retrofitting, and to save components and thus costs. Solution to the problem / description of the invention

[0015] The technical problem is solved by a steam generation system for generating gaseous or vaporous working medium from a liquid working medium, comprising a heat exchanger and a separation chamber, wherein the heat exchanger has an outer shell with an inlet and outlet for a heat transfer medium and the outer shell defines an interior of the heat exchanger, wherein transfer tubes are arranged in the interior of the heat exchanger for conducting the working medium from an inlet region to an outlet region, wherein the heat exchanger is configured to transfer heat from the heat transfer medium to the working medium, wherein the separation chamber is configured to separate gaseous and liquid working medium from one another and to discharge them separately.

[0016] According to the present invention the interior of the heat exchanger is separated from the outlet area and from the inlet area by a tube plate connected to the outer shell, the transfer tubes arranged within the outer shell of the heat exchanger are essentially straight and aligned at an angle of 0 to 45° to the vertical, and the separation chamber is arranged above the heat exchanger and the heat exchanger is designed to guide the working medium in the transfer tubes from bottom to top in the direction of the separation chamber.

[0017] The steam generation system according to the invention can be part of a thermal storage system. With the steam generation system according to the invention, saturated steam, which has a pressure of 10 to 40 bar (corresponding to a temperature of approximately 180 to 250 °C), can be generated from feed water, which preferably has a temperature of 50 to 150 °C. A heat transfer medium, preferably a molten salt, is used for heating.

[0018] The steam generation system of the present invention comprises a device (heat exchanger) for preheating and evaporating a working medium, e.g. feed water, in which the working medium is fed in at the bottom and rises upwards via essentially vertically running transfer tubes, which serve as preheating and evaporator tubes, and partially evaporates in the process. In the upper part of the steam generation system there is a separation chamber or steam drum, in which the gaseous phase (e.g. steam) is separated from the liquid phase (e.g. water). The lower part of the heat exchange surfaces serves as an economizer, the upper part as an evaporator. The transition is smooth and variable, depending on the operating point. The transfer tubes are each connected at the ends to an upper and lower tube plate, which spatially separates the heat transfer medium and the working medium (e.g. water / steam).

[0019] Furthermore, due to the vertical alignment of the exchanger tubes, evaporation in them is no longer a problem, and pressure losses and damage in the heat exchanger's exchanger tubes are reduced or avoided.

[0020] The vertical arrangement of the heat exchanger's transfer tubes, as proposed by the invention, prevents unwanted gravity-induced phase separation in the tube cross-section. Therefore, low flow velocities and thus a smaller number of tubes are permissible. Furthermore, the partial load range is larger than with a horizontally aligned variant. The vertical arrangement results in a significant buoyancy force, which significantly reduces the power required to return the boiling water or the working fluid to the inlet area and, ideally, eliminates the need for a pump.

[0021] The design with essentially straight exchanger tubes also minimizes pressure losses on the working fluid side of the heat exchanger. This significantly reduces the power required to return the boiling water or the working fluid to the inlet area, potentially eliminating the need for a pump.

[0022] With the steam generation system according to the invention, which uses an upper and a lower tube plate, there is no longer a tube plate exposed to two different temperatures and thus to temperature difference-related stresses. This avoids thermal stresses similar to those found in tube plates of U-tube bundle heat exchangers.

[0023] The vertical orientation of the heat exchanger requires less space, which is particularly advantageous when retrofitting a steam generation system with a limited amount of space.

[0024] The steam generation system is preferably part of a thermal storage system. Since the temperature spread in the heat transfer medium should be as large as possible in order to require as little storage mass / volume as possible and to keep the heat transfer medium mass flow as low as possible, it is advantageous to cool the heat transfer medium to a temperature below its boiling point, which can be achieved with the steam generation system according to the invention.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the steam generation system, the separation chamber (280) is directly connected to the heat exchanger. The interior of the separation chamber is separated only by the tube plate from the interior of the heat exchanger, through which the heat transfer medium flows.

[0026] In an alternative embodiment of the steam generation system, the separation chamber is designed as a separate container, wherein the steam generation system is configured to supply the separate container with working medium via a supply line from the outlet region of the heat exchanger.

[0027] In a further preferred embodiment of the steam generation system, a tube bundle for a heat transfer medium for superheating the gaseous working medium is arranged within the separation chamber.

[0028] In a further advantageous preferred embodiment of the steam generation system, the heat exchanger is configured to conduct the heat transfer medium in countercurrent or cross-countercurrent to the flow direction of the working medium flowing in the exchanger tubes. The heat transfer bundle can be equipped with guide plates designed so that the heat transfer medium flows around the exchanger tubes in sections in crosscurrent (cross-countercurrent). Alternatively, the heat transfer bundle can be alternately equipped with annular and disc-shaped guide plates designed so that the heat transfer medium flows around the exchanger tubes in sections in crosscurrent (cross-countercurrent).

[0029] In a further preferred embodiment of the steam generation system, a circulation system is arranged which is designed to conduct liquid working medium from the separation chamber, to mix it with fresh working medium at a mixing point and to conduct it back into the separation chamber via the inlet region and the transfer tubes of the heat exchanger.

[0030] To control the feedwater inlet temperature, boiling water is taken from the drum and mixed with the feedwater before it enters the heat exchanger.

[0031] The boiling water flow is regulated so that the feedwater temperature is within the desired range. To achieve this, the water temperature is measured before entering the heat exchanger, and the circulation flow is regulated to achieve the desired temperature. By regulating the inlet temperature of the feedwater and the circulation water, a defined circulation ratio of water flow to steam flow in the steam generator is achieved, depending on the temperature conditions. This measure or procedure can also be implemented for an organic medium as the working medium.

[0032] In a further preferred embodiment of the steam generation system, a flow rate control device is arranged on the circuit to regulate the flow of liquid working medium from the separation chamber. It is particularly preferred that the flow rate control device contains a control valve. The vertical arrangement of the heat exchanger's transfer tubes makes it possible for a control valve to be sufficient to regulate the circulation flow, and no pump is necessary. Due to the vertical arrangement of the transfer tubes, the difference between the density of the working medium in the circuit and the density of the working medium in the heat exchanger's transfer tubes is sufficient to generate a flow (natural circulation). Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, a control valve is arranged on the circuit as a flow rate control device, but no pump.

[0033] In an alternative embodiment, the flow control device of the circulation comprises at least one pump, which is preferably speed-controlled.

[0034] The flow control unit can be arranged upstream of the mixing point or downstream of the mixing point in the direction of flow.

[0035] In a further particularly preferred embodiment, the steam generation system is designed such that a first section of the transfer tubes serves as an economizer (preheating section) for the working medium and a downstream section thereof serves as an evaporator for the working medium. The steam generation system is advantageously designed such that evaporation of the working medium occurs within the path of the transfer tubes of the heat exchanger. As already explained above, the working medium is fed in at the bottom and rises upwards via vertical transfer tubes (preheating and evaporator tubes). The working medium partially evaporates already within the path of the transfer tubes. In the separation chamber, the gaseous phase (e.g. steam) is separated from the liquid phase (e.g. water). The lower part of the transfer tubes serves as heat exchange surfaces and thus as an economizer, while the upper part serves as an evaporator.The transition is smooth and variable, depending on the operating point.

[0036] In a further preferred embodiment, a device for heating the working medium, preferably an electric heater or electric heating elements, is provided in the inlet area. This heating device can be used to preheat the working medium (e.g., water) in the steam generation system. An external heater with a separate jacket, connecting lines, pumps, or the like are no longer required.

[0037] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the steam generation system is configured for heat transfer media with a melting point above 60°C. It is further preferred that the steam generation system is configured for a heat transfer medium selected from the group consisting of molten salt, molten metal, and molten sulfur, preferably for a molten salt. In the temperature range from 180 to 550°C, molten salts can be used as liquid heat transfer media. Preference is given to using heat transfer media with a melting point of approximately 130 to 240°C, preferably mixtures of alkali nitrite and / or nitrate. The use of molten salts is advantageous because they have excellent heat transfer properties, the systems operate without pressure, and the heat transfer medium is non-flammable compared to thermal oils.

[0038] In a further preferred embodiment, the steam generation system is configured so that the working medium is water or an organic medium including the respective gaseous phase. Particularly preferably, water including its gaseous phase is used as the working medium.

[0039] In a further preferred embodiment of the steam generation system, the transfer tubes arranged within the outer shell of the heat exchanger are aligned at an angle of 0 to 20° to the vertical, preferably at an angle of 0 to 10° to the vertical and particularly preferably substantially vertically.

[0040] In a further preferred embodiment, the mixing point is located outside the inlet area of ​​the heat exchanger. This makes it possible to monitor the temperature of the working medium before it enters the steam generation system.

[0041] In an alternative embodiment of the steam generation system, the mixing point is arranged within the inlet area of ​​the heat exchanger.

[0042] In a further preferred embodiment of the steam generation system, a temperature measurement is arranged which detects the temperature of the working medium downstream of the mixing point.

[0043] In further preferred embodiments, this is designed for a transmitted power of 1 and 30 MW th, preferably of 0.1 and 100 MW th.

[0044] The steam generation system according to the invention can be operated such that the minimum operating temperature of the working medium at the inlet to the heat exchanger is above the melting point of the heat transfer medium (e.g. 135°C for molten salts). Therefore, regulation takes place to a minimum inlet temperature of the working medium. Thus, the steam generation system is preferably configured such that the temperature of the working medium entering the inlet region of the heat exchanger is kept above the melting point of the heat transfer medium. The heat transfer medium leaves the heat exchanger at the lowest possible level to ensure safe operation above the solidification point / melting point. For this purpose, the steam generation system preferably comprises a circuit (i.e. a recirculation line). The circuit is arranged around the heat exchanger to return heated working medium to the inlet region of the heat exchanger.

[0045] The inlet temperature to the heat exchanger is maintained at the desired level to avoid the risk of solidification of the heat transfer medium by adjusting the amount of circulated working medium accordingly.

[0046] The steam generation system according to the invention can be part of a system in which the heat transfer medium has been electrically heated. Alternatively, the heat transfer medium can be partially or entirely heated with heat from waste heat recovery. Preferably, the steam generation system is part of a heat storage system. Alternatively, the heat transfer medium can be directly heated, e.g., partially or entirely with heat from waste heat recovery. In a preferred application, the steam generation system according to the invention is used for industrial applications requiring heat. Alternatively, it is used for steam generation for power generation or combined heat and power generation.

[0047] Furthermore, the invention provides a method for generating a gaseous working medium using the steam generation system according to the invention. Description of the characters

[0048] Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a steam generation system 100 according to the present invention. Figure 2 shows schematically how the steam generation system according to the invention 100 can be integrated into larger systems.

[0049] The Figure 1 shows an example of a steam generation system 100 according to the present invention. It serves to generate gaseous working medium 403 from a liquid working medium 400, 401, 402 and has a heat exchanger 200 and a separation chamber 280 The heat exchanger 200 has an outer shell with an inlet 500 and an outlet 501 for a heat transfer medium. The outer shell of the heat exchanger200 defines the interior of the heat exchanger 200 . Inside the heat exchanger 200 are transfer tubes 210 arranged to serve the working medium 401 from an entrance area 205 to an exit area 215 of the working medium towards the separation chamber 280 to lead.

[0050] The heat exchanger 200 serves to transfer heat from the heat transfer medium to the working medium. The separation chamber 280 serves to gaseous 403 and liquid 402 The working medium must be separated and discharged separately. The gaseous working medium 403 can be passed on to a turbine to generate electricity, while the liquid working medium 402 over one orbit 404 to the entrance area 205 of the heat exchanger.

[0051] The interior of the heat exchanger 200is from the entrance area 205 and from the exit area 215 for the working medium with a tube plate connected to the outer shell 230, 220 separated.

[0052] Furthermore, the heat exchanger’s outer shell 200 arranged transfer tubes 210 essentially straight and, in the example shown, vertically aligned.

[0053] The separation chamber 280 is above the heat exchanger 200 arranged and the working medium flows in the transfer tubes 210 of the heat exchanger 200 from bottom to top towards the separation chamber 280 In the example shown, the interior of the separation chamber 280 only through the tube plate 220 from the interior of the heat exchanger 200 separated.

[0054] Inside the separation chamber 280a tube bundle for a heat transfer medium for superheating the gaseous working medium 403 arranged (not shown).

[0055] In the embodiment shown, the heat transfer medium is conveyed in cross-countercurrent to the flow direction of the heat transfer medium in the exchanger tubes. 210 flowing working medium. For this purpose, the transfer tubes 210 equipped with baffles (shown schematically here).

[0056] As explained above, a circulation 404 arranged, the liquid working medium from the separation chamber 280 to the entrance area 205 of the heat exchanger 200 Furthermore, the water from the separation chamber 280 returned working medium at the mixing point 130 with fresh working medium 400 mixed. On the circulation 404 is a flow control device 120arranged to regulate the flow of liquid working medium from the separation chamber 280 Preferably, the flow control device contains 120 a control valve. The vertical arrangement of the transfer tubes 210 of the heat exchanger usually allows the circulation volume of the working medium to be controlled by means of a control valve 120 to regulate, so that a pump is usually not necessary. The flow control unit 120 In the example shown, in the flow direction upstream of the mixing point 130 and outside the entry area 205 of the heat exchanger 200 arranged.

[0057] Furthermore, the circulation 404 a temperature measurement 140 arranged to control the temperature of the working medium downstream of the mixing point 130 The measured values ​​can be used to determine the mixing ratio of the freshly supplied working medium 400lower temperature to that from the separation chamber 280 The temperature of the working medium that flows into the heat exchanger can be adjusted by using a higher temperature liquid working medium that is returned 200 occurs.

[0058] The steam generation system 100 is advantageously operated in such a way that a first section of the transfer tubes 210 as a preheating section for the working medium and a downstream section of it serves as an evaporator for the working medium. Thus, part of the working medium evaporates within the path of the transfer tubes 210 . In the separation chamber 280 The gaseous phase (e.g. steam) is separated from the liquid phase (e.g. water). Thus, the lower part of the transfer tubes serves 210 as an economizer and the upper part of the transfer tubes 210 as an evaporator. Depending on the operating point, the transition is fluid and variable.

[0059] Figure 2 shows an example of the possible integration of the steam generation system according to the invention 100 into larger systems. The steam generation system according to the invention can 100 Be part of a system in which a heat transfer medium of lower temperature 2' with electrical energy, heat from waste heat recovery or solar thermal energy 5 in a heating device 6 is heated to create a heat transfer medium of higher temperature 2 The heat transfer medium at higher temperatures 2 is used to generate steam in the steam generation system according to the invention 100 for example saturated steam 4 , which has a pressure of 10 to 40 bar (corresponding to a temperature of approximately 180 to 250 °C), from feed water 3, which has a temperature of preferably 50 to 150 °C. The heat transfer medium of higher temperature 2 in the steam generation system 100part of the heat and is used as a heat transfer medium with a lower temperature 2' recirculated. The steam generation system according to the invention 100 can be part of a thermal storage system that stores 1, 1' for the heat transfer medium with higher temperature or for the heat transfer medium with lower temperature. List of reference symbols

[0060] 1Storage tank for higher temperature heat transfer medium 1Storage tank for lower temperature heat transfer medium 2Heat transfer medium at higher temperature 2Heat transfer medium at lower temperature 3Liquid working medium / feed water 4Gaseous working medium / steam 5Heat source 6Heater for heating the heat transfer medium 100Steam generation system 120Flow control unit 130Mixing point 140Temperature measurement 200Heat exchanger 205Inlet area (for working medium) 210Exchanger tubes (of the heat exchanger) 215Outlet area (for working medium) 220(Upper) tube plate 230(Lower) tube plate 280Separation chamber 400Fresh working medium 401Liquid working medium (in the inlet area before the heat exchanger) 402Liquid working medium (in the separation chamber) 403Gaseous working medium 404Circulation 500Inlet (for heat transfer medium) 501Outlet (for heat transfer medium) 502Interior of the heat exchanger (filled with heat transfer medium)

Claims

1. A steam generation system (100) for generating gaseous or vaporous working medium (403) from a liquid working medium (400, 401, 402), comprising a heat exchanger (200) and a separation chamber (280), wherein the heat exchanger (200) has an outer shell with an inlet (500) and an outlet (501) for a heat transfer medium, and the outer shell defines an interior of the heat exchanger (200), wherein transfer tubes (210) are arranged in the interior of the heat exchanger for conducting the working medium (401) from an inlet region (205) to an outlet region (215), wherein the heat exchanger (200) is configured to transfer heat from the heat transfer medium to the working medium, wherein the separation chamber (280) is configured to separate the gaseous (403) and liquid (402) working medium from one another and to discharge them separately, characterized in thatthe interior of the heat exchanger (200) is separated from the outlet region (215) and from the inlet region (205) by a tube plate (220, 230) connected to the outer shell, the transfer tubes (210) arranged within the outer shell of the heat exchanger (200) are essentially straight and are aligned at an angle of 0 to 45° to the vertical, and the separation chamber (280) is arranged above the heat exchanger (200) and the heat exchanger (200) is designed to guide the working medium in the transfer tubes (210) from bottom to top in the direction of the separation chamber (280).

2. The steam generation system (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation chamber (280) is designed as a separate container, wherein the steam generation system (100) is arranged to supply the separate container with working medium via a supply line from the outlet region (215) of the heat exchanger (200).

3. The steam generation system (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a tube bundle for a heat transfer medium for superheating the gaseous working medium (403) is arranged within the separation chamber (280).

4. The steam generation system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heat exchanger (200) is arranged to guide the heat transfer medium in countercurrent or cross-countercurrent to the flow direction of the working medium flowing in the transfer tubes (210).

5. The steam generation system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a circulation (404) is arranged which is designed to conduct liquid working medium from the separation chamber (280), to mix it with fresh working medium (400) at a mixing point (130) and to conduct it back into the separation chamber (280) via the inlet region (205) and the transfer tubes (210) of the heat exchanger.

6. The steam generation system (100) according to claim 5, characterized in that a flow rate control device (120) is arranged on the circuit (404) for controlling the flow of liquid working medium from the separation chamber (280).

7. The steam generation system (100) according to claim 6, characterized in that the flow control device (120) contains a control valve.

8. The steam generation system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the steam generation system (100) is arranged such that a first section of the transfer tubes (210) serves as an economizer or preheating section for the working medium and a downstream section thereof serves as an evaporator for the working medium.

9. The steam generation system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the steam generation system (100) is designed so that evaporation of the working medium takes place within the path of the transfer tubes (210) of the heat exchanger.

10. The steam generation system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a device for heating the working medium, preferably electric heating elements, is provided in the inlet area (205).

11. The steam generation system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it is designed for a molten salt or molten metal as a heat transfer medium, preferably for a molten salt.

12. The steam generation system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the working medium is water or an organic medium including the respective gaseous phase, preferably water including the gaseous phase of water.

13. The steam generation system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in thatthe transfer tubes (210) arranged within the outer shell of the heat exchanger (200) are aligned at an angle of 0 to 20° to the vertical, preferably at an angle of 0 to 10° to the vertical and preferably substantially vertically.

14. The steam generation system (100) according to claim 5 and any of claims 6 to 13 when dependent on claim 5, characterized in that the mixing point (130) is arranged within the inlet area (205) of the heat exchanger (200).

15. The steam generation system (100) according to claim 5 and any one of claims 6 to 13 when dependent on claim 5, characterized in that the mixing point (130) is arranged outside the inlet area (205) of the heat exchanger (200).

16. The steam generation system (100) according to claim 5 and any of claims 6 to 15 when dependent on claim 5, characterized in thata temperature measurement (140) is arranged which detects the temperature of the working medium downstream of the mixing point (130).

17. A method for generating a gaseous working medium using the steam generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

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