Method for preventing falling of stone or the like and network arrangement therefor

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for preventing rockfall, in particular for subsequent additional slope and rock stabilization with protective nets, in which a slope is covered and / or has been covered with a net arrangement or the like, wherein at least one connecting element running between anchors is connected or connectable to at least one net, in particular a protective net, a reinforcing steel mesh and / or a gabion grid, as is known, for example, from EP 2 260 150 B1.

[0002] Further examples of state of the art are CN 114319378 A and CN 210888995 U.

[0003] From KR 10 2009 0073817, a method and a device for securing a slope against rockfall are known. In this method, a rope is stretched between anchors with anchor plates and is connected to a net.

[0004] There is still a need for slope stabilization systems and procedures that are more flexible, can be retrofitted more easily and / or can be installed with lower assembly risks.

[0005] The problem is solved by a method according to claim 1, comprising its characterizing features, and a network arrangement according to claim 6.

[0006] Advantageous embodiments are the subject of dependent claims, which are incorporated into the description by reference, as well as can be seen in the following figure description and the accompanying figures.

[0007] The method to be improved for preventing rockfall, in particular for subsequent additional slope and rock stabilization with protective nets, also applies to gabion wall constructions. The net used according to the invention can therefore also consist of gabion mesh panels. A slope is covered with a net arrangement or the like, or was already covered some time ago. At least one connecting element running between anchors is connected to, or connectable to, at least the net. If such features are present, it is a net arrangement of the generic type. Methods further developed according to the invention include at least the following process steps: identifying at least potentially falling or sliding rock masses, in particular by means of image recognition software, for example, taken from an opposite hand or from a drone; selecting and placing anchors to be replaced and / or placing anchors to be installed.Spanning securing areas with the identified rock masses to be secured with at least the net, attaching an anchor plate to the respective anchor for each anchor, connecting the at least one connecting element to each of two associated anchor plates, wherein according to the invention the anchor plates are each designed with a through hole as a central fastening hole for securing to the anchors (3) by means of a central anchor nut and with radially arranged at least further fastening holes for hanging the connecting elements designed as rods and, extending forward from the slope outwards from the anchor plate, the hanging ends to be secured by means of rod nuts.

[0008] Advantages of such slope stabilization methods include their retrofit capability, easier assembly, and the cost-effective production of less frequently needed components. According to one advantageous embodiment, the connecting element consists of at least two collinear connecting element parts and is lockable, in particular by clamping the connecting element parts together. According to another advantageous embodiment, the anchor plate is designed such that it can be placed on the anchor as an axis in two directions, so that the connection with the development away from the slope is only available for connecting elements in one of the two cases, according to most of the embodiments described below. In the other case, the anchor plate would almost completely disappear into the slope, a wall to be stabilized, or a gabion wall.This would be particularly advantageous in streets or sidewalks, where the barrier structure must not be too wide.

[0009] In a further advantageous embodiment, several anchor plates can be fixed at a distance from each other on a single anchor rod, in particular with locknuts, in order to form, for example, net securing devices according to the invention in front of and behind a decorative gabion wall, wherein in this case, too, the connection of anchor plates to gabion grid elements is to be understood as such a net securing device.

[0010] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the anchor plate has at least one mounting edge with mounting holes, projecting radially outwards at a first angle of curvature away from the slope and into the open air. Connecting elements designed according to a first use each have a hanging end bent with a second curvature and, facing away from this bent hanging end, a straight extension end. The sum of the first and second angles of curvature preferably yields 160° to 200°.

[0011] The connecting elements are laid with their extension ends roughly parallel to the slope. Additional connecting elements for adjacent anchor plates are also provided.

[0012] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the respective connecting element is first connected to the protective net mesh by mesh, or skipping some meshes, but in any case by threading it through the net multiple times, before the connecting element is connected to the anchor plate and another connecting element of an adjacent anchor plate to complete the connection to the protective net. This is particularly advantageously achieved by means of a tensioning element and extension ends of two connecting elements running parallel to each other and to be fixed therein. According to a further advantageous embodiment, anchor-free anchor plates are positioned in the net arrangement as additional net receiving centers.

[0013] A net arrangement of this type serves to prepare and / or additionally secure a protective measure, for example, using a net that covers a slope or section of a slope to prevent rockfall, stabilize slopes and cliffs, or the like. At least one connecting element, designed as a rod with a curved end, running between anchors, is connected to or connectable to at least the net. Each anchor is rigidly connected to an anchor plate. Several connecting elements, designed as rods with curved ends, can be inserted into each anchor plate. On the opposite side from the anchor plate, each connecting element is connected to another anchor plate or another rod with a curved end.

[0014] Connectable connecting element. During securing, a technician can first thread the connecting element in a connection direction between the anchors to be connected into at least one net, then hook a curved attachment into the anchor plate and, completing the connection with the net, connect it to another connecting element, connecting element part or the next anchor plate.

[0015] According to an advantageous embodiment, each anchor is rigidly connected to a single anchor plate.

[0016] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the curved, externally threaded hanging end, which is inserted into the anchor plate through a mounting hole formed in a mounting rim angled to the plane of the plate base, is secured with a rod nut. According to a further advantageous embodiment, additional mounting holes are formed in the mounting rim between the mounting holes as connection holes into which mounting hooks can be inserted, particularly for connection to gabion baskets. After slope stabilization, gabion baskets can be attached for decorative purposes, for example, by means of additional attachable mounting elements.

[0017] According to a further advantageous embodiment, connecting elements of the same design can be hooked into the anchor plate from the front by means of fastening holes formed in the fastening edge and / or between the fastening holes provided for laterally extending connecting elements, such that the connecting elements hooked in from the front protrude at least roughly perpendicularly forward from the slope and can be screwed to the anchor plate on the side facing the slope.

[0018] According to a further advantageous embodiment, an electronic measuring tool is integrated. Settlements or deformations can thus be detected or recorded.

[0019] Repairing or restoring damaged gabion walls is made easier, or even possible, in this way. The arrangement of the bracing prevents further deformation of the walls. After the stabilization, a new gabion wall can then be built in front of it to improve the appearance. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The proposed method and the proposed mesh arrangement are explained below, also with the aid of the referenced drawings. The illustrated and described embodiment serves to explain the basic principle of the present invention. It shows Figure 1.1 a top view of a net arrangement according to the invention without a net, looking towards a slope to be secured (not shown as background), Figure 1.2 a side view of the network arrangement Figure 1.1 , Figure 2.1a side view of an anchor plate in a separate representation with hidden edges shown as dashed lines, Figure 2.2 a perspective top view of the anchor plate from Figure 2.1 in the axial direction, where the material thickness is also emphasized here by the fact that the non-visible edges are drawn with dashed lines, and Figure 3 A perspective side view of an anchor penetrating an anchor plate, into which gabion hooks are suspended radially outside the anchor plate.

[0021] The Figures 1.1 and 1.2 to illustrate by which means according to the invention a problematic slope, in particular a slope already secured with a net structure, can be subsequently reinforced. It is not absolutely necessary that a new net be laid for further securing, but the laying of an additional protective net should be part of the scope of protection, even if a net is not shown. Figure 1.1Imagine it lying flat and spread out on the plane of the drawing sheet. It would unnecessarily impair the clarity of the figure.

[0022] The application area can be described using the terms slope and rock stabilization, construction and securing of artificially created embankments, gabion construction, retaining structures (e.g., retaining wall construction, vineyard construction), vegetated cladding, erosion control of a riverbank, alternative to soil-concrete stabilization, excavation support, and shoulder stabilization in road areas. Instead of protective netting, gabion grids or reinforcing steel mesh are often used. The connecting elements 2.1 used according to the invention can be advantageously used for fastening in all these cases, namely as a closure means that directly or indirectly connects two anchor plates to each other, preferably by forming several rigid connections, in particular screw connections.

[0023] The in the Figures 1.1 and 1.2The illustrated parts of a net arrangement according to the invention, based on an advantageous embodiment, allow the following advantageous method design to be understood: To prevent rockfall from a rock face located below the illustrated net arrangement 1 (the rock face is only mentioned by way of example and is not shown. The drawing sheet is intended to lie on the slope surface.), in particular for subsequent additional slope and rock protection with protective nets (also not shown), in which method a slope is and / or has been covered with the net arrangement 1 or the like, at least one connecting element 2 running between anchors 3 is connected with at least one protective net, a reinforcing steel mesh and / or a gabion grid.Following the identification of potentially falling or sliding rock masses, particularly using image recognition software, for example after a drone overflight, anchors 3 to be replaced and / or additional anchors to be installed are selected and placed. The identified areas with rock masses to be secured are covered with at least one new protective net, a new reinforcing steel mesh, and / or a new gabion mesh. An anchor plate 10 is screwed onto each anchor 3. A climber / installer can then secure themselves at a position on the slope and thread a fastening element 2.1 along an imaginary connecting line between two anchors 3 into the protective net (not shown). This is followed by attaching the at least one fastening element 2.1 to the anchor plates 10, thus closing the integrated protective net by means of the at least one fastening element 2.1 and the anchor plates 10.

[0024] In the advantageous embodiment in the Figures 1.1 and 1.2 In the illustrated case, the anchor plate 10 has at least one fastening edge 14 with fastening holes 11, 12, 13, projecting radially outwards at a first angle of curvature α away from the slope. Connecting elements 2.1 designed according to a first application type each have a hanging end 5 bent with a second curvature β and a straight extension end 6 facing away from the hanging end 5. The sum of the first and second angles of curvature is approximately 160° to 200°, depending on the terrain and the selected degree of curvature 9, so that the connecting elements 2.1 with the extension ends 6 are laid at least roughly parallel to the slope and are ready to be connected to further connecting elements 2.1 of adjacent anchor plates 10.

[0025] The anchor plates 10 each have a through hole as a central fastening hole 13 for securing them to the anchors 3 by means of a central anchor nut 4.2. Radially on the outside, further fastening holes 11 are provided for attaching the connecting elements 2.1, which are designed as rods, and for attaching the connecting elements 5, which are to be secured by means of rod nuts 4.1, projecting forwards from the slope outwards from the anchor plate 10.

[0026] The respective connecting element 2.1 is first connected to the protective net stitch by stitch, or skipping some stitches, in any case by threading it several times, before the connecting element 2.1 is connected to the anchor plate 10 and another connecting element 2.1 of an adjacent anchor plate 10 to complete the connection to the protective net, namely according to the advantageous embodiment shown, by means of a clamping element 8 and extension ends 6 of the two connecting elements 2.1 which run parallel to each other and are to be fixed therein without direct contact.

[0027] Anchor-free anchor plates 10, in the Figures 2.1 and 2.2 Shown in a separate, standalone representation, they can be positioned as further net reception centers in net arrangement 1 to densify the multiple spiderweb-like structure.

[0028] As a net arrangement 1 according to the invention for additionally securing a protective measure, for example using a protective net, a gabion grid and / or a reinforcing steel mesh, which covers a slope or a section of a slope to prevent rockfall, slope and rock stabilization or the like, at least one connecting element 2 running between the anchors 3 (in contrast, two connecting elements between two anchors are shown) is connected or connectable to at least one protective net. Each anchor 3 is rigidly connected to an anchor plate 10. This has the advantage that the anchor plate does not unintentionally rotate away at the wrong moment or tilt sideways, for example, if a connecting rod is to be attached only by hooking it in, which can offer sufficient safety even without additional securing by means of a rod nut if the curvature 9 is greater than 100°.

[0029] Several connecting elements 2 can be hooked into each anchor plate 10. The connecting element 2 facing away from the anchor plate 10 can be connected to another anchor plate 10 or another connecting element 2. During the securing process, an installer can first thread the connecting element 2 into the safety net between the anchors 3 to be connected, then hook a curved connecting end 5 into the anchor plate 10, and finally connect the connection to the safety net with another connecting element 2 or another anchor plate 10.

[0030] The curved β, which is inserted into the anchor plate 10 through a fastening hole 11 formed in an α fastening edge 14 angled to the plane of the plate base, and the hanging end 5, which terminates with an external thread, is secured with the aforementioned rod nut 4.1.

[0031] In the mounting edge 14, between the mounting holes 11, further mounting holes are formed as connection holes 12. Mounting hooks 2.3 can be inserted into the connection holes 12, in particular for connection to gabion baskets.

[0032] By means of fastening holes 11 formed in the fastening edge 14 and / or by means of further fastening holes 11 arranged in the same form between the fastening holes 11 provided for laterally extending connecting elements 2.1, identically formed connecting elements 2.2 can be hooked into the anchor plate 10 from the front. The connecting elements 2.2 hooked in from the front project forward from the slope at least roughly perpendicularly. They can be screwed to the side of the anchor plate 10 facing the slope.

[0033] Following the inventive concept, the primary focus is on securing the slope after construction. This can also apply to slopes supported by gabion baskets, in which case the gabions would be considered a reinforcing mesh structure. In the case of retaining walls, a benefit of the invention is that the thickness of a newly constructed retaining wall can be reduced compared to a retaining wall that relies solely on the mesh arrangement according to the invention for support. If the retaining wall is not a new construction but, for example, an existing but critical natural stone wall worth preserving, it can be preserved thanks to the invention. This is because not only does a protective mesh provide support, but the mesh arrangement, which spans the protective mesh like a spiderweb and is divided into smaller segments, significantly improves the static stability of the wall or slope.The preferred rod structure holds back the slope much more reliably, to any strength depending on the number of anchor plates (10).

[0034] An expansion of the anchor / nail grid is possible for nailing, support structures, etc. Connecting rods 2.1 can be individually extended using connecting piece 8.

[0035] Faster installation of mats / meshes / nets / grids leads to cost savings, even if the proposed components used are not standard building elements and are therefore more expensive to purchase.

[0036] Support structures can be built with a reduced thickness; resulting in cost savings due to less removal / disposal of soil and rock material.

[0037] Savings on facing bricks, as these are only installed for aesthetic purposes and do not have to bear any static loads.

[0038] For artificially created embankments or retaining walls, existing soil or stones can be used for backfilling. The porous spaces within stones can be used as shelter for reptiles.

[0039] Gabion support structures can be built at shallower depths because the anchors / nails in combination with the connecting rods absorb the loads that occur; in the case of the net arrangement according to the invention, the installation of the gabion stones only serves as a facing.

[0040] When used as rock and hand protection with mats / meshes / nets / grids, mats / meshes / nets / grids with lower tensile strengths can be used, since the net arrangement according to the invention absorbs the main load.

[0041] The execution of excavation shoring with mats / meshes / nets / grids in combination with the net arrangement according to the invention leads to reduced bulging of originally used net structures by prestressing the connecting rods. Reference symbol list

[0042] 1. Mesh arrangement 2. Connecting element 2.1 Connecting element part 2.2 Connecting element part 3. Anchor 4. Mesh 4.1 Rod nut 4.2 Central anchor nut 5. Hanging end 6. Extension end 8. Clamping element 10 Anchor plate 11 Mounting holes 12 Mounting holes 13 Mounting holes 14 Mounting edge α Curvature angle β Curvature

Claims

1. A method for preventing rockfall, in particular for retrofitting additional slope and rock stabilization using protective nets, in which a slope is covered and / or has been covered by a net arrangement (1) or the like, wherein at least one connecting element (2) extending between anchors (3) is connected or connectable to at least one net (4), comprising at least the following method steps: 1.1 Identifying at least potentially falling or sliding rock masses, in particular by means of image recognition software, 1.2 Selecting and setting anchors (3) to be replaced and / or to be set, 1.3 Overspanning of safety zones containing the identified rock masses to be secured with at least the net (4), 1.4 for each anchor (3), fastening an anchor plate (10) with the respective anchor (3), and 1.5 Connecting the at least one connecting element (2) with two respective associated anchor plates (10), wherein the anchor plates (10) each 1.6 have a through-hole as a central fastening hole (13) for securing on the anchors (3) by means of a central anchor nut (4.2) and 1.7 are provided with at least further fastening holes (11) arranged radially outward for engaging the connecting elements (2.1) formed as rods and engagement ends (5) projecting forward from the anchor plate (10) away from the slope, to be secured by means of rod nuts (4.1).

2. Then method according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting element (2) consists of at least two collinear connecting element parts (2.1) and is lockable, in particular by clamping the connecting element parts (2.1) together.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that 3.1 the anchor plate (10) has at least one fastening edge (14) with fastening holes (11, 12, 13) that extends radially outward at a first angle of curvature (α) away from the slope into the open, 3.2 connection elements (2.1) designed for a first type of use each have a hook end (5) bent at a second curvature angle (β) and a straight extension end (6) facing away from the hook end (5), and that 3.3 and that the sum of the first and second angles of curvature is 160° to 200°, so that the connecting elements (2.1) are laid with the extension ends (6) oriented at least roughly parallel to the slope and are provided for connection with further connecting elements (2.1) of adjacent anchor plates (10).

4. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the respective connecting element (2.1) is first connected to the protective net, either stitch by stitch or by skipping some stitches, in any case by threading it through multiple times, before the connecting element (2.1) is connected to the anchor plate (10) and to a further connecting element (2.1) of an adjacent anchor plate (10) to complete the connection with the protective net, in particular by means of a tensioning element (8) and extension ends (6) of two connecting elements (2.1) running in parallel to one another therein and to be fixed.

5. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that anchor-free anchor plates (10) are positioned as additional mesh support points in the mesh assembly (1).

6. A net arrangement (1) for preparing and / or providing additional protection for a safety measure, for example using a net (4) that covers a slope or a section of a slope to prevent rockfall, to stabilize slopes and rocks, or the like, wherein 6.1 at least one connecting element (2), extending between anchors (3) and designed as a rod with a curved attachment end, is connected or connectable to at least one net (4), 6.2 each anchor (3) is rigidly connected to an anchor plate (10), and wherein 6.3 multiple connecting elements (2), each formed as a rod with a curved attachment end, can be attached to the respective anchor plate (10), and the respective connecting element (2) can be connected to another anchor plate (10) or another connecting element (2) designed as a rod with a curved hook end, 6.4 so that during securing, an installer first threads the connecting element (2) into the at least one net (4) in a connecting direction between anchors (3) to be connected, then hooks a curved hook end (5) into the anchor plate (10), and, completing the connection with the net (4), can connect it to a further connecting element (2), connecting element part (2.1), or the additional anchor plate (10).

7. The net arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that each anchor (3) is rigidly connected to a single anchor plate (10).

8. The net arrangement according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the curved (β) mounting end (5), which is terminated by an external thread, is inserted through a mounting hole (11) formed in the anchor plate (10) by a mounting flange (14) angled relative to the plane of the plate bottom (α) fastening edge (14) angled relative to the plane of the plate bottom, is secured by a rod nut (4.1).

9. The net arrangement according to claim 8, characterized in that further fastening holes are formed in the fastening edge (14) between the fastening holes (11) as connection holes (12), into which fastening hooks (2.3) can be hooked, in particular for connection to gabion baskets.

10. The net arrangement according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, by means of fastening holes (11) formed in the fastening edge (14) and / or further fastening holes (11) of the same design arranged between the fastening holes (11) provided for laterally extending connecting elements (2.1), connecting elements of the same design (2.2) can be hooked into the anchor plate (10) from the front, so that the connecting elements (2.2) hooked in from the front protrude at least roughly perpendicular to the front from the slope and can be screwed to the anchor plate (10) on the side facing the slope.

11. The net arrangement according to any one of claims 7 through 10, characterized in that an electronic measurement tool is incorporated.

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