Oat composite article, corresponding uses, method and kit

Abstract

An oat composite article comprising - polymer material and - oat fibers, the oat composite article being compostable.

Description

[0001] Oat composite articles, corresponding uses, processes and kit

[0002] The present invention relates to an oat composite article comprising polymer material and oat fibers. Further details of the oat composite article according to the invention can be found in the appended claims and the following description. The present invention also relates to the use of an oat composite article for producing an article. The present invention also relates to the use of oat fibers for producing an oat composite article. The present invention also relates to the use of a polymer material for producing an oat composite article. The present invention further relates to a method for producing an oat composite article. The present invention also relates to a kit for producing an oat composite article. The details in each case can be found in the appended claims and the following description.

[0003] The present invention lies in the technical field of biocomposites. Biocomposites are already known in the prior art. Document EP 3 176 1 10 A1 discloses a biomaterial or biocomposite based on sunflower seed shells / hulls, wherein sunflower seed shell / hull material is compounded with plastic material.

[0004] Document EP 0 976 790 A1 discloses a process for producing a composite material in which a material comprising vegetable fibers is subjected to at least one pretreatment step and is then used in at least one thermoplastic process step.

[0005] Document US 5,663,221 discloses a process for producing medium-density sheets from sunflower seed shells.

[0006] Document EP 3 720 911 B1 discloses a wood-plastic composite composition comprising: at least one wood component, at least one thermoplastic polymer, wax hydrocarbons, oxidized hydrocarbons consisting of (modified) hydrocarbons having at least one of hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxylate and lactone group, wherein the mixture consisting of the wax hydrocarbons and the oxidized hydrocarbons is a wax composition with a defined dynamic viscosity, a defined content of molecules in which the hydrocarbon chain is linear, a defined freezing point according to ASTM D 938, a defined content of oxidized hydrocarbons, a defined acid number according to ASTM D 1386 and wherein wax hydrocarbons are a Fischer-Tropsch wax and the oxidized hydrocarbons originate from an oxidation of a Fischer-Tropsch wax.

[0007] Document EP 2 621 979 B1 discloses a biocomposite board comprising at least one natural fiber and at least one thermosetting biopolymer including a furan resin.

[0008] The biocomposites known from the prior art have numerous disadvantages and deficiencies, which are regularly perceived as problematic in the field of the present invention.

[0009] In the field of the present invention, there is a great need for biocomposites with properties and combinations of properties that are perceived as advantageous in the field of the present invention, which are produced in the most resource-efficient manner and with the least possible use of energy. There is a need for such biocomposites whose ingredients are produced entirely from renewable raw materials and which possess properties and / or combinations of properties that are perceived as advantageous in the field of the present invention.

[0010] In many cases, there is a particularly high demand for biocomposites that are biodegradable and compostable according to the criteria of DIN EN 13432:2000-12. In many cases, there is a particular need for biocomposites that are industrially compostable, i.e., that meet all TÜV AUSTRIA testing criteria for certification with the "OK compost INDUSTRIAL (EN 13432)" label. In many cases, there is also a demand in the field of the present invention for biocomposites that are home compostable, i.e., that meet all TÜV AUSTRIA testing criteria for certification with the "OK compost HOME" label. In many cases, biocomposites that are biodegradable in aquatic ecosystems are also desired in the field of the present invention.In particular, there is a need in the field of the present invention for compostable biocomposites in which compostability, especially home compostability, occurs neither on too short nor too long a timescale. In many cases, excessively short degradation times during composting are responsible for articles made from biocomposites losing their desired material properties during their intended use; this is generally undesirable in the field of the present invention. Excessively long degradation times during composting are often perceived as disadvantageous in the field of the present invention. In particular, excessively long degradation times under the conditions of industrial composting are generally extremely undesirable in the field of the present invention.

[0011] Environmental pollution with microplastics—solid, insoluble, particulate, and non-biodegradable synthetic polymers ranging in size from less than 5 millimeters to 1,000 nanometers—is highly undesirable. There is a need for biocomposites that, when released into the environment, do not contribute to environmental pollution with microplastics.

[0012] The biocomposites known from the prior art each have colors that are often perceived as aesthetically problematic in the field of the present invention. Therefore, there is a particular need for biocomposites with colors that are perceived as aesthetically advantageous, especially for biocomposites with advantageously bright colors and good printability. It is desirable in the field of the present invention that these properties be achieved without the need for complex processing steps and / or without the biocomposites being treated and / or admixed with chemicals that are perceived as ecologically or climatically harmful.In particular, there is a need for biocomposites with advantageously bright colors and good printability, which also have one, several or all of the above-mentioned advantages and properties with regard to compostability.

[0013] In the field of the present invention, there is also a need for biocomposites that can be colored with positive results, particularly in light colors such as yellow. Coloring biocomposites with light colors such as yellow is generally not possible with satisfactory results in the field of the present invention.

[0014] The prior art also indicates a need for biocomposites that can be stored in granulated form for extended periods, at least for periods and under conditions common in the field of plastics processing. The biocomposite granules known from the prior art often tend to form mold during storage under the storage conditions common in the field of plastics processing; such mold formation is highly undesirable in the field of the present invention.

[0015] In the field of the present invention, there is a need for biocomposites that do not have an inherent odor that is perceived as unpleasant. Biocomposites known from the prior art generally have an inherent odor that is perceived as unpleasant in the field of the present invention. In particular, there is a need for biocomposites that have an inherent odor that is perceived as pleasant by humans or that do not have an inherent odor that is perceptible by humans.

[0016] The biocomposites known from the state of the art regularly have unfavorable properties with regard to the following parameters:

[0017] Melt mass flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2,

[0018] Melt volume flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2,

[0019] Density, determined according to DIN EN ISO 1 183-1, flexural modulus of elasticity, determined according to method A DIN EN ISO 178:2019 with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm / min,

[0020] Tensile strength, determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2,

[0021] Tensile elongation, determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2,

[0022] Bending stress under conventional deflection, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178,

[0023] Flexural elongation at flexural strength, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178, and

[0024] Charpy impact strength, determined on the unnotched test specimen, determined according to DIN EN ISO 179-1.

[0025] In the biocomposites known from the state of the art, the combination of some or all of the aforementioned parameters is often not sufficiently positive. Therefore, there is a need for particularly positive expressions of individual, several, or all of the aforementioned parameters in a single biocomposite.

[0026] There is also a need for biocomposites that are suitable for packaging and / or processing food products and are approved for such use in the European Union. In particular, there is a need for biocomposites that are suitable for packaging and / or processing food products and are approved for such use in the European Union, while simultaneously meeting some, preferably all, of the aforementioned requirements, particularly with regard to compostability.

[0027] In the case of the biocomposites known from the prior art, the manufacturing process for the biogenic fibers used in production is regularly so time-consuming and / or requires little equipment that this is perceived as a disadvantage in the field of the present invention. There is therefore a need for biocomposites whose fiber content can be provided with little equipment and time expenditure. In particular, there is also a need for biocomposites whose fiber content can be provided in an energy-efficient and resource-saving manner. In particular, there is a need for biocomposites whose extraction from natural resources has no adverse effects on food production. In the field of the present invention, the use of biogenic fibers in the production of which land is then used which is not simultaneously available for food production is increasingly perceived as problematic.

[0028] The biocomposites known from the prior art are often not usable in conventional plastics processing systems because, for example, they are not sufficiently temperature-resistant and / or their flowability is not within an acceptable range at the temperatures typically found in plastics processing systems. Therefore, there is a need in the field of the present invention for biocomposites that can be used in conventional plastics processing systems. In particular, there is a need in the field of the present invention for biocomposites that can be processed using injection molding and / or compression molding. There is a particular need for biocomposites that are suitable for processing in conventional injection molding systems without the need for equipment modifications.There is also a particular need for biocomposites that are suitable for processing in conventional plastics compression molding machines without requiring equipment modifications. There is also a particular need for biocomposites that are suitable for processing in conventional plastics thermoforming processes. There is also a particular need for biocomposites that are suitable for processing into films, particularly films suitable for use as food packaging.

[0029] In the field of the present invention, there is a need for biocomposites that exhibit particularly positive properties with regard to oxygen permeability and / or water vapor permeability. In particular, there is a need for biocomposites that exhibit particularly positive properties with regard to both oxygen permeability and water vapor permeability. There is a very particular need for biocomposites that exhibit particularly positive properties with regard to oxygen permeability and water vapor permeability and simultaneously meet as many of the aforementioned requirements as possible, particularly with regard to compostability.

[0030] The prior art also indicates a need for manufacturing processes for biocomposites that meet as many of the aforementioned requirements as possible without requiring the addition of additional substances in addition to the fiber component and the polymer component in order to meet the aforementioned requirements. In the field of the present technology, the addition of additives is often associated with an undesirably high level of effort and regularly leads to an undesirably high environmental impact, namely due to the manufacturing process itself, the packaging required, and the transport of the additives. Furthermore, additives that reduce the compostability and / or food compatibility of the resulting biocomposites are regularly used in the prior art. This is extremely undesirable in the field of the present invention.

[0031] Further objects underlying the invention and advantages associated with the invention will become apparent from the following description and the appended claims.

[0032] The invention is defined in the claims and further explained by the description, which also defines preferred embodiments.

[0033] The present invention relates, in its categories, to a cereal composite article, in particular an oat composite article, a use of an oat composite article, a use of oat fibers for producing an oat composite article, a use of a polymer material for producing an oat composite article, a method for producing an oat composite article and a kit for producing an oat composite article.

[0034] Embodiments, aspects or properties that are described or described as preferred in connection with one of these categories also apply accordingly or mutatis mutandis to the other categories, and vice versa.

[0035] Unless otherwise stated, preferred aspects or embodiments of the invention and its various categories can be combined with other aspects or embodiments of the invention and its various categories, in particular with other preferred aspects or embodiments. The combination of preferred aspects or embodiments with each other results in preferred aspects or embodiments of the invention.

[0036] According to a primary aspect of the present invention, the above-mentioned objects and problems are solved in whole or in part by an oat composite article comprising

[0037] Polymer material, preferably biopolymer material and oat fiber.

[0038] For the purposes of this text, the term "biocomposite" refers to composite materials that contain natural fibers as a first material and polymers, bonded to them by a material or form fit, or a combination of both, as a second material. A biocomposite may also comprise other materials or substances.

[0039] In the context of this text, the term "composite material" is understood, in accordance with the usual understanding of the person skilled in the art, to mean a material made of two or more bonded materials, wherein the two or more bonded materials are joined together by means of a material connection or a form fit or a combination of both.

[0040] For the purposes of this text, the term "grain composite" refers to composite materials that contain grain fibers, particularly oat fibers, as a first material and, bonded to them by a material or form fit, or a combination of both, polymers as a second material. Grain composites can also include other materials or substances. For the purposes of this text, the term "grain composite" is encompassed by the term "biocomposite."

[0041] In this text, the term "oat composite" refers to composite materials that contain at least oat fibers as a first material and, bonded to them by a material or form fit, or a combination of both, polymers as a second material. Oat composites can also include other materials or substances. In this text, the term "oat composite" is encompassed by the term "biocomposite." In this text, the term "oat composite" is encompassed by the term "grain composite."

[0042] The term "grain composite granules" in this text refers to a multitude of grain composite particles, with the individual grain composite granules having an average diameter ranging from a few millimeters to a few centimeters. Grain composite granules are free-flowing. If the "grain composite granules" are subjected to a drying process after production, the result is "dried grain composite granules." Dried grain composite granules are also free-flowing. The term "oat composite granules" in this text refers to a multitude of oat composite particles, with the individual oat composite granules having an average diameter ranging from a few millimeters to a few centimeters. Oat composite granules are free-flowing.If the "oat composite granules" are subjected to a drying process after production, the result is "dried oat composite granules." Dried oat composite granules are also pourable.

[0043] The term "cereal composite article" in the context of the present invention includes the terms "cereal composite", "cereal composite granules", "dried cereal composite granules" and "cereal composite molded part" and in particular also the term "oat composite article" and thus the terms "oat composite", "oat composite granules", "dried oat composite granules" and "oat composite molded part".

[0044] In the context of the present invention, the “cereal composite article” is particularly preferably an oat composite article.

[0045] The term “oat composite article” in the context of the present invention includes the terms “oat composite”, “oat composite granules”, “dried oat composite granules” and “oat composite molded part”.

[0046] In the context of the present invention, it is particularly preferred in very many cases that no fibers from other cereals are present in an oat composite article in addition to oat fibers.

[0047] In the context of the present invention, the term "polymer" is understood, in accordance with the common understanding of the skilled person, to mean a molecule with a high relative molecular mass whose structure essentially comprises the multiple repetition of molecular units that are conceptually or actually derived from molecules of lower relative molecular mass. In the context of the present invention, molecules with a high relative molecular mass are understood to mean molecules in which the addition or removal of one of the aforementioned units has no relevant effect on the molecular behavior.

[0048] In the context of the present invention, the term "biopolymer" refers to polymers made from renewable raw materials. In the context of the present invention, the term "polymer material" refers to a material that consists essentially of polymer and / or biopolymer.

[0049] In the context of the present invention, the term “biopolymer material” refers to a material which essentially consists of biopolymer.

[0050] In this text, the term "compounding" refers to the joining, by means of a material or form fit, or a combination of both, of a polymer material on the one hand and natural fibers on the other. Compounding may also include other substances as additives (e.g., fillers and / or additives).

[0051] The term “cereals” refers to the mostly annual plants of the grass family (“Poaceae”) and their grains, which are cultivated for their grains, in particular plants and grains of the hulled cereals einkorn, emmer, kamut, barley, millet, spelt and oats are referred to as cereals in the context of the present invention.

[0052] In the context of the present invention, the term “oats” refers to plants of the genus “Avena” from the family of “grasses” (“Poaceae”).

[0053] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "cereal fibers" refers to fibers obtained through a comminution process from parts of cereals, in particular the hulled cereals einkorn, emmer, kamut, barley, millet, spelt, and / or oats. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "cereal fibers" encompasses the terms "cereal hull fibers" and "cereal hull fibers," as well as, in particular, the terms "oat hull fibers" and "oat hull fibers."

[0054] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "oat fibers" refers to fibers obtained from parts of the oat through a comminution process. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "oat fibers" encompasses the terms "oat hull fibers" and "oat hull fibers."

[0055] In the context of this text, the term “cereal husk fibres” is understood to mean a product that consists predominantly of parts of the lemma (“palea inferior”) of cereals, in particular oats, and parts of the palea (“palea superior 3 ') of cereals, in particular oats. The term "oat hull fibre" in the context of this text refers to a product that consists predominantly of parts of the lemma ("palea inferior") of oats and parts of the palea ("palea superior 3 ') of oats.

[0056] In the context of this text, the term “cereal hull fibres” refers to a product that consists predominantly of parts of the epidermis, fruit hull, seed hull and aleurone layer of cereals, in particular oats.

[0057] In the context of this text, the term “oat hull fiber” refers to a product that consists predominantly of parts of the epidermis, fruit husk, seed coat and aleurone layer of oats.

[0058] In many cases, it is preferred if the cereal composite article according to the invention, in particular the oat composite article, consists exclusively of polymer material and cereal fibers, in particular oat fibers. In other cases, it is equally preferred if the cereal composite article, in particular the oat composite article, contains other substances in addition to the components of polymer material and cereal fibers, in particular oat fibers.

[0059] In many cases, oat fibers are used as cereal fibers, preferably oat hull fibers and / or oat hull fibers, particularly preferably oat hull fibers and oat hull fibers.

[0060] The cereal composite article according to the invention, in particular oat composite article, is characterized in particular by the advantageous combination of properties with regard to melt mass flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2, flexural elastic modulus, determined according to method A DIN EN ISO 178:2019 with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm / min, tensile elongation, determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2 and Charpy impact strength, determined on the unnotched test specimen, determined according to DIN EN ISO 179-1.

[0061] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the oat composite article is compostable, preferably industrially compostable and / or home compostable.

[0062] In the field of the present invention, it is generally particularly preferred that the oat composite article is home compostable. Compostable oat composite article means that it is biodegradable and compostable according to the criteria of DIN EN 13432: 2000-12.

[0063] The fact that the oat composite article is industrially compostable means that a test specimen made of the material of the oat composite article with a maximum wall thickness of 0.5 mm meets all of the test criteria of TÜV Austria for certification with the label “OK compost INDUSTRIAL EN 13432”.

[0064] In some cases, it is preferred that oat composite articles that are industrially compostable contain polylactide (PLA) as the polymer material.

[0065] In some cases, it is particularly preferred for industrially compostable oat composite products to contain polylactide (PLA) as the sole polymer material. Home compostability of the oat composite product means that a test specimen made of the oat composite product material with a maximum wall thickness of 0.5 mm meets all TÜV Austria testing criteria for certification with the "OK compost HOME" label.

[0066] In some cases, it is preferred if oat composite articles that are home compostable comprise polybutylene succinate and / or polybutylene succinate co-adipate and / or polyhydroxyalkanoate as polymer material.

[0067] In some cases, it is preferred for oat composite articles that are home compostable to comprise polybutylene succinate as the sole polymer material.

[0068] In some cases, it is preferred for oat composite articles that are home compostable to comprise polybutylene succinate co-adipate as the sole polymer material.

[0069] In some cases, it is preferred for oat composite articles that are home compostable to comprise polyhydroxyalkanoate as the sole polymer material.

[0070] In many cases, it is also particularly preferred if a test specimen made from the material of the oat composite article with a maximum wall thickness of 0.5 mm is marine compostable, meaning it meets all TÜV Austria testing criteria for certification with the "OK biodegradable MARINE" label. In many cases, it is also particularly preferred if a test specimen made from the material of the oat composite article with a maximum wall thickness of 0.5 mm meets all TÜV Austria testing criteria for certification with the "OK biodegradable SOIL" label.

[0071] In many cases, it is also particularly preferred if a test specimen made of the material of the oat composite article with a maximum wall thickness of 0.5 mm meets all of the TÜV Austria test criteria for certification with the “OK biodegradable WATER” label.

[0072] The compostability of the oat composite article according to the invention requires that the oat composite article contains, in addition to the oat fibers, a compostable polymer material as the polymer material. The skilled person is familiar with suitable compostable polymer materials and independently selects them from the compostable polymer materials known to him or her according to the requirements of the individual case.

[0073] Oat composite products that are compostable, especially oat composite products that are home compostable, in many cases do not contribute to microplastic pollution when released into the environment intentionally and / or accidentally.

[0074] If a test specimen made of the material of the oat composite article with a maximum wall thickness of 0.5 mm is marine compostable, the corresponding oat composite articles do not contribute to the environmental pollution with microplastics when released intentionally and / or accidentally into the environment.

[0075] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the oat composite article is recyclable, preferably 100% recyclable.

[0076] An oat composite article is recyclable if, through recycling, a recyclate can be produced from it that can be used as an equivalent replacement for a brand-new product, a brand-new material or a brand-new substance in a production process. In particular, an oat composite article is also recyclable if it can be used equivalently with brand-new material in a production process; in these cases, the oat composite article replaces a portion of the brand-new material. An oat composite article is 100% recyclable if, from 100% by weight of its components, a recyclate can be produced that can be used as an equivalent replacement for a brand-new product, a brand-new material and / or a brand-new substance in a production process. In particular, an oat composite article is also 100% recyclable if, through recycling, it is possible to-% can be used together with virgin material in a production process on an equivalent basis; in these cases, the oat composite article replaces a proportion of virgin material.

[0077] In many cases, when recycling oat composite articles, it is preferable if approximately 20 to 30 wt.% of oat composite articles are recycled together with pure plastics in such a way that a combined recycled product results.

[0078] In many cases, an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred) is preferred, wherein the oat composite article is compostable, preferably industrially compostable and / or home compostable, and wherein the oat composite article is recyclable, preferably 100% recyclable.

[0079] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of:

[0080] polyhydroxyalkanoate,

[0081] Polybutylene succinate,

[0082] Polybutylene succinate co-adipate, natural resins,

[0083] Strength,

[0084] Cellulose with a lignin content of less than 5% by weight,

[0085] polybutylene adipate terephthalate,

[0086] Polycaprolactone, polylactide,

[0087] Cellulose acetate,

[0088] Grow and

[0089] Mixtures thereof; preferably the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of:

[0090] polyhydroxyalkanoate,

[0091] Polybutylene succinate,

[0092] Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and

[0093] Mixtures thereof; particularly preferably the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of:

[0094] polyhydroxyalkanoate,

[0095] Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and

[0096] Mixtures thereof; most preferably the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of:

[0097] Polyhydroxyalkanoate and

[0098] Polybutylene succinate co-adipate.

[0099] Most preferably, a polyhydroxyalkanoate is selected as the polymer material. In many cases, it is particularly preferred if a biopolymer material is selected as the polymer material.

[0100] With the above-mentioned polymer materials, the oat composite articles have particularly positive properties depending on the needs of the individual case and represent particularly advantageous solutions for the above-mentioned tasks and problems. For individual polymer materials defined above, it is known to the person skilled in the art that they can be used as a mixture with one or more other polymer materials defined above in order to achieve particularly positive properties.

[0101] In many cases, it is preferred for the oat composite article according to the invention to contain polyhydroxyalkanoate, polybutylene succinate, or polybutylene succinate co-adipate as the polymer material. In many cases, it is preferred for the oat composite article according to the invention to contain a mixture of polyhydroxyalkanoate and polybutylene succinate, or a mixture of polyhydroxyalkanoate and polybutylene succinate co-adipate, or a mixture of polybutylene succinate and polybutylene succinate co-adipate. In each case, the skilled person chooses, based on the requirements of the individual case, whether the aforementioned polymer materials are used individually or in one of the aforementioned combinations. If the skilled person decides to use one of the aforementioned combinations as the polymer material in the oat composite article, they independently determine the mixing ratio according to the respective requirements of the individual case.To select the mixing ratios, the person skilled in the art may carry out simple optimization tests as are customary in the field of the present invention.

[0102] In many cases, the oat composite article has particularly positive properties, in particular a particularly advantageous surface structure, if a mixture comprising, preferably consisting of, polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and polylactic acid (PLA) is selected as the polymer material.

[0103] In many cases, an oat composite article is preferred whose wall thickness is in the range of 0.5 mm to 3 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.7 mm to 2.7 mm, most preferably in the range of 0.8 mm to 2.5 mm.

[0104] With the wall thicknesses defined above, the effects and advantages explained in connection with the oat composite article according to the invention are realized in many cases to a particularly positive extent, in particular in combination with good compostability, preferably home compostability.

[0105] Oat composite articles made with the aforementioned polymer materials possess particularly positive properties and property combinations with regard to compostability, good printability, and a perceived advantageous Charpy impact strength determined on the unnotched specimen according to DIN EN ISO 179-1. In addition, corresponding oat composite articles exhibit a coloring that is perceived as particularly aesthetically pleasing. In particular, corresponding oat composite articles exhibit temperature resistance and flow properties, which make them suitable for processing in conventional plastics processing equipment, especially injection molding and compression molding.

[0106] The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a lignocellulose content in the range from 60 wt.% to 90 wt.%, preferably in the range from 70 wt.% to 88 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 75 wt.% to 87 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 81 wt.% to 86 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a lignin content in the range from 10 wt.% to 30 wt.%, preferably in the range from 11 wt.% to 27.5 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 12 wt.% to 26 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 22 wt.% to 25 wt.-%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a hemicellulose content in the range from 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%, preferably in the range from 22 wt.% to 38 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 23.5 wt.% to 37.0 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 31.5 wt.% to 36.0 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a xylose content in the range from 15 wt.% to 31 wt.%, preferably in the range from 17 wt.% to 30 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 22 wt.% to 29.9 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 27.3 wt% to 28.9 wt%-%, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a proportion of arabinose in the range of 2.6 wt.% to 4.0 wt.%, preferably in the range of 3.1 wt.% to 3.9 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range of 3.2 wt.% to 3.8 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a ratio of arabinose to xylose in the range of 0.05 to 0.5, preferably in the range of 0.09 to 0.3, particularly preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.2, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a proportion of mannose of less than 0.03 wt.% preferably less than 0.02% by weight, particularly preferably less than 0.01% by weight.-%, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and / or, preferably “and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a proportion of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde in the range of 50 pg g. -1 up to 250 pg g -1 preferably in the range of 60 pg g -1 up to 220 pg g -1 particularly preferably in the range of 65 pg g -1 up to 216 pg g -1 most preferably in the range of 190 pg g -1 up to 215 pg g -1 , in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a ferulic acid content in the range of 1000 pg g -1 up to 3000 pg g -1 preferably in the range of 1100 pg g -1 up to 2800 pg g -1 particularly preferably in the range of 1300 pg g -1 up to 2700 pg g -1most preferably in the range of 2300 pg g -1 up to 2600 pg g -1 , in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibres present in the oat composite article, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibres present in the oat composite article have a protein content of less than 3 wt.%, preferably less than 2 wt.%, particularly preferably a protein content in the range from 1.2 wt.% to 1.6 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibres present in the oat composite article, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibres present in the oat composite article have a lipid content of less than 2 wt.%, preferably less than 1.5 wt.%, particularly preferably a lipid content in the range from 0.8 wt.% to 1.0 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibres present in the oat composite article.

[0107] The text "and / or, preferably "and"" in this text means either an "and" connection or an "or" connection, with an "and" connection being preferred in each case. The dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article refers to the total dry mass of all oat fibers present in the respective oat composite article.

[0108] In many cases, it is preferred that the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article does not contain any mannose at all.

[0109] A proportion of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde of 1 pg g -1 means that one microgram of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde is present per gram of dry matter of the oat fiber used.

[0110] In many cases, a proportion of ligocellulose in the range of 81 wt% to 86 wt% is particularly preferred, since the properties, in particular the combinations of properties, of the resulting oat composite article are then perceived as particularly positive in many cases.

[0111] The use of fibers with a lipid content of more than 2 wt.% in the production of biocomposites regularly leads to properties of the biocomposite that are perceived as disadvantageous in the field of the present invention.

[0112] An oat composite article is particularly preferred, wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a lignocellulose content in the range from 81 wt.% to 86 wt.%, based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a lignin content in the range from 22 wt.% to 25 wt.%, based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a hemicellulose content in the range from 31.5 wt.% to 36.0 wt.%, based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a xylose content in the range from 27.3 wt.% to 29.9 wt.%, based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and wherein the oat composite article The hemicellulose present contains an arabinose content in the range of 3.2 wt.-% to 3.8 wt.%, based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a ratio of arabinose to xylose in the range of 0.1 to 0.2, and wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a proportion of mannose in the range of less than 0.01 wt.%, based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a proportion of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde in the range of 190 pg g. -1 up to 215 pg g -1 based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a ferulic acid content in the range of 2300 pg g -1 up to 2600 pg g -1have, based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a protein content in the range of 1.2 wt.% to 1.6 wt.%, based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a lipid content in the range of 0.8 wt.% to 1.0 wt.%, based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used.

[0113] Oat composite articles containing the substances defined above in the amounts defined above have combinations of properties that are perceived as particularly advantageous in many cases in the field of the present invention.

[0114] In many cases, oat composite articles are preferred, wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a hemicellulose content in the range from 31.5% by weight to 36.0% by weight, based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a xylose content in the range from 27.3% by weight to 29.9% by weight, based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has an arabinose content in the range from 3.2% by weight to 3.8% by weight, based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a ratio of arabinose to xylose in the range from 0.1 to 0.2.In particular, our own tests on such oat composite articles have shown that they have particularly positive properties with regard to melt mass flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2 using method B and using the parameters 190 °C and 5 kg, and melt volume flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133- 2 using method B and using the parameters 190 °C and 5 kg in conjunction with a particularly advantageous flexural elongation at flexural strength, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178 with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm / min.

[0115] Oat composite articles containing lignocellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, p-hydrobenzaldehyde, ferulic acid, proteins and lipids in the ranges indicated above as preferred have particularly good properties when compounded with polymer materials and result in a combination of oat fibers and polymers that is perceived as particularly positive in the field of the present invention.

[0116] Oat composite articles containing the above-mentioned substances in the above-mentioned amounts are particularly preferred in many cases, since their presence in the oat composite article achieves many of the above-described effects and advantages of the present invention to a particular degree.

[0117] The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average length in the range from 100 pm to 300 pm, preferably in the range from 120 pm to 250 pm, particularly preferably in the range from 150 pm to 220 pm, preferably in the range from 190 pm to 200 pm, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average thickness in the range from 30 pm to 200 pm, preferably in the range from 50 pm to 150 pm, particularly preferably in the range from 90 pm to 130 pm, preferably in the range from 105 pm to 120 pm, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average thickness in the range from 30 pm to 200 pm, preferably in the range from 50 pm to 150 pm, particularly preferably in the range from 90 pm to 130 pm, preferably in the range from 105 pm to 120 pm, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted have an average convexity in the range of 0.6 to 0.95,preferably in the range from 0.65 to 0.90, particularly preferably in the range from 0.7 to 0.85, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average shape factor in the range from 1.0 to 1.5, preferably in the range from 1.03 to 1.4, particularly preferably in the range from 1.05 to 1.35, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average feretaxial ratio in the range from 0.3 to 0.7, preferably in the range from 0.4 to 0.6, particularly preferably in the range from 0.45 to 0.58.

[0118] The term “pm” means micrometer, i.e. one millionth of a meter.

[0119] In many cases, oat composite articles are particularly preferred, wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average length in the range from 100 pm to 300 pm, preferably in the range from 120 pm to 250 pm, particularly preferably in the range from 150 pm to 220 pm, preferably in the range from 190 pm to 200 pm, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average thickness in the range from 30 pm to 200 pm, preferably in the range from 50 pm to 150 pm, particularly preferably in the range from 90 pm to 130 pm, preferably in the range from 105 pm to 120 pm, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average convexity in the range from 0.6 to 0.95, preferably in the range from 0.65 to 0.90, particularly preferably in the range of 0.7 to 0.85,and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average shape factor in the range of 1.0 to 1.5, preferably in the range of 1.03 to 1.4, particularly preferably in the range of 1.05 to 1.35, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average feretaxial ratio in the range of 0.3 to 0.7, preferably in the range of 0.4 to 0.6, particularly preferably in the range of 0.45 to 0.58.

[0120] Our own investigations on oat composite articles, as examples for other cereal composite articles, have shown that oat composite articles in which the oat fibers have a number-weighted average length as defined above and at the same time a number-weighted average thickness as defined above, have particularly positive properties and property combinations with regard to the following parameters: tensile strength, determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2, bending stress under conventional deflection, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178:2019 with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm / min, and bending strain under bending strength, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178:2019 with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm / min.

[0121] In many cases, such oat composite articles are particularly preferred, wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average length in the range of 190 pm to 200 pm, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average thickness in the range of 105 pm to 120 pm, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average convexity in the range of 0.7 to 0.85, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average shape factor in the range of 1.05 to 1.35, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average feretaxial ratio in the range of 0.45 to 0.58.

[0122] Oat composite articles in which the oat fibers contained have the above-defined combinations of properties lead to particularly preferred properties and combinations of properties, which are perceived as particularly positive, especially for compostable oat composite articles, in the field of the present invention.

[0123] The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein in the oat composite article the proportion of oat fibers is in the range from 5 wt.% to 45 wt.%, preferably in the range from 10 wt.% to 42 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 30 wt.% to 35 wt.%, in each case based on the total mass of the oat composite article.

[0124] Our own investigations into oat composite products, using other cereal composite products as examples, have shown that oat composite products containing oat fibers as defined above often exhibit particularly advantageous combinations of properties. Depending on the requirements of the individual case, however, the expert may also be able to identify oat fiber proportions in the oat composite product outside the ranges defined here that lead to positive combinations of properties in the individual case under consideration.

[0125] The above-described effects and advantages of the oat composite articles according to the invention are achieved to a particularly high degree with the proportions of oat fibers specified here. The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), additionally comprising one, two, three or more substances, preferably in a combined total proportion of 2 to 5 wt.% based on the total mass of the oat composite article, which are preferably independently selected from the group consisting of:

[0126] Sugar, preferably glucose, sucrose and / or starch, particularly preferably glucose, sucrose and / or starch in a proportion of 3 wt.% to 5 wt.%, based on the total mass of the resulting oat composite article

[0127] Fertilizers, preferably fertilizers in a proportion of 2 wt.% to 5 wt.% based on the total mass of the resulting oat composite article, particularly preferably guano in a proportion of 2 wt.% to 5 wt.% based on the total mass of the resulting oat composite article,

[0128] Auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material, preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material, particularly preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material in a proportion of 1 wt.% to 3 wt.%, based on the total mass of the resulting cereal composite article,

[0129] Colorants, preferably food colorants, particularly preferably natural food colorants, most particularly preferably natural food colorants selected from the group consisting of: carotenoids, berry colorants, beetroot colorants, carmine, paprika extract and curcumin.

[0130] In many cases, a proportion of dyes in the oat composite article is preferred that is in the range of 2 wt.% to 7 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range of 3 wt.% to 6 wt.%, and most preferably in the range of 4 wt.% to 5 wt.%, in each case based on the total mass of the oat composite article. Streaks that sometimes occur on the surface of the oat composite article (this is often undesirable in the field of the present invention for optical reasons) can be concealed by the addition of dyes.

[0131] In many cases, it is also preferable to use the blue dye with the product name "MB UN BLUE" and the product code "UN5002", which is commercially available from the manufacturer "Color Service GmbH & Co. KG"; it is preferably used in the quantities specified above.

[0132] In many cases, it is also preferred to use the pink dye with the product name "MB UN PINK" and the product code "UN33656", which is commercially available from the manufacturer "Color Service GmbH & Co. KG"; the dye is preferably used in the quantities specified above.

[0133] In many cases, it is also preferred to use the yellow dye with the product name "MB UN YELLOW" and the product code "UN1057", which is commercially available from the manufacturer "Color Service GmbH & Co. KG"; it is preferably used in the quantities specified above.

[0134] In many cases, it is also preferable to use the green dye with the product name "MB UN GREEN" and the product code "UN67054", which is commercially available from the manufacturer "Color Service GmbH & Co. KG"; it is preferably used in the quantities specified above.

[0135] Using the dyes listed above in the amounts indicated above as preferred, particularly positive color impressions of the dyed oat composite article are achieved. The result is a positively homogeneous color impression. The result is a positively brilliant color impression. In particular, an extremely positive color impression is also achieved with the light yellow dye. Our own comparative tests have shown that other biocomposites (especially, for example, biocomposites comprising sunflower shells or parts of sunflower shells) cannot be dyed with the yellow dye with satisfactory results.

[0136] In many cases, the color impression is even more positive when talc is used as the dye and / or when talc is used in addition to other dyes (preferably as described above as preferred). In many cases, it is preferred if the oat composite article according to the invention contains one, two, three or more additional substances in addition to the polymer material on the one hand and the oat fibers on the other. In many cases, it is preferred if the oat composite article contains the aforementioned substances as additives.

[0137] If the oat composite product contains additional sugars in addition to those contained in the oat fiber, the compostability of the oat composite product is often improved. In particular, such an oat composite product often exhibits faster compostability than an oat composite product that, with otherwise identical composition, does not contain any sugar molecules other than those present in the oat fiber.

[0138] If “starch” is not selected as the polymer material in the oat composite article, it is preferred in many cases if the total content of starch in the oat composite article is 8 wt% or less, preferably 5 wt% or less, particularly preferably 3 wt% or less, in each case based on the total mass of the oat composite article.

[0139] A distinction between starch present in oat fibers on the one hand and starch present outside oat fibers on the other hand is known in the field of the present invention; corresponding analytical methods are known to the person skilled in the art.

[0140] In many cases, it is preferable for the oat composite article to contain fertilizer; this is particularly the case, for example, if the oat composite article is compostable and designed as a plant container, since plant shock can be avoided with appropriate plant containers.

[0141] Auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material are known to the person skilled in the art; for example, he uses erucaramide, as is commercially available under the trade name “LOXIOL® E SPEZIAL” from Emrey Oleochemicals GmbH of Düsseldorf; he additionally or alternatively uses polyol partial esters, as are commercially available under the trade name “LOXIOL® P 728 BEADS” from Emrey Oleochemicals GmbH of Düsseldorf; he additionally or alternatively replaces compositions as are commercially available under the trade name “CITROFOL AI” from Jungbunzlauer Ladenburg GmbH of Ladenburg; in some cases, the person skilled in the art also uses inert polymers, as are commercially available under the trade name “BIOSTRENGTH® 150” from ARKEMA GmbH of Düsseldorf.At least the latter are not biodegradable and are therefore only used when the biodegradability requirements of the oat composite product are correspondingly low. In many cases, it is preferable if the additives used to improve the flow properties of the molten polymer material are selected so that they are not classified as hazardous according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272 / 2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67 / 548 / EEC and 1999 / 45 / EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No. 1907 / 2006.

[0142] In many cases, it is preferred within the scope of the present invention if the oat composite article does not contain any additives to improve the flow properties.

[0143] In this text, the term dye refers to chemical compounds that have the property of coloring other materials.

[0144] In the context of the present invention, the term food colorings refers in particular to food additives which have the property of coloring other materials and which are authorized according to the provisions of “Regulation (EC) No. 1333 / 2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on food additives”.

[0145] Particularly preferred in the context of the present invention are natural food colorings, i.e., food colorings that can be obtained from plants or animals. Examples of natural food colorings used in the oat composite article according to the invention are: carotenoids (E 160a), berry colorings (anthocyanins, E 163), beetroot colorings (betanin, E 162), carmine (E 120), paprika extract (E 160c), and curcumin (E 100).

[0146] Coloring plant or fruit extracts, such as beetroot, spinach, elderberry, saffron, and goldenseal, are also natural food colorings. Cuttlefish ink, or sepia, is also a natural food coloring.

[0147] The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), preferably an oat composite molding, wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a melt mass flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2 using method B and using the parameters 190°C and 5 kg, in the range from 15 g / 10 min to 25 g / 10 min, preferably in the range from 16 g / 10 min to 24 g / 10 min, particularly preferably in the range from 16.5 g / 10 min to 23.8 g / 10 min and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a melt volume flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2 using method B and using the parameters 190°C and 5 kg, in the range of 10 cm 3 / 10 min up to 105 cm 3 / 10 min, preferably in the range of 12 cm 3 / 10 min to 104 cm 3 / 10 min, particularly preferably in the range of 13 cm 3 / 10 min to 102 cm 3 / 10 min and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a density determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 1183-1:2019, in the range of 1.2 g -3 up to 1.5 g -3 preferably in the range of 1.26 g -3 up to 1.4 g 3 , particularly preferably in the range of 1.28 g -3 up to 1.39 g -3and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a flexural elastic modulus determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178:2019 with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm / min, in the range from 1500 MPa to 5000 MPa, preferably in the range from 1600 MPa to 4500 MPa, particularly preferably in the range from 1640 MPa to 4300 MPa and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a tensile strength determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2:2012, in the range from 15 MPa to 30 MPa, preferably in the range from 18 MPa to 27 MPa, particularly preferably in the range from 19 MPa to 26 MPa and / or, preferably “and wherein the Oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a tensile elongation determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2, in the range of 0.7% to 3.0%, preferably in the range of 0.8% to 2.8%, particularly preferably in the range of 0.81% to 2.79% and / or,preferably “and” wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a bending stress at conventional deflection, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178, , with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm / min, in the range from 30 MPa to 40 MPa, preferably in the range from 34 MPa to 39 MPa, particularly preferably in the range from 36 MPa to 38 MPa and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a bending strain at bending strength, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178, , with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm / min, in the range from 0.5% to 6%, preferably in the range from 1.0% to 5.0%, particularly preferably in the range from 1.4% to 4.5% and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a Charpy impact strength of the unnotched test specimen,determined according to DIN EN ISO 179-1:2010 using the method ISO 179-1 / 1 eU, in the range of 4 kJ nr, 2 up to 20 kJ nr 2 preferably in the range of 4.1 kJ nr 2 up to 12 kJ nr 2 , particularly preferably in the range of 4.2 kJ nr 2 up to 11.5 kJ nr 2 .

[0148] The pressure specification MPa means, here and in the following, “megapascal”, i.e. one million Pascal.

[0149] The indication “kJ nr 2 "" means kilojoules per square meter. Depending on the requirements of the individual case, the expert selects oat composite articles that exhibit one, several, or all of the above properties. In some cases, it is also preferable to select properties that lie outside the ranges defined above. The expert recognizes these cases based on the requirements of the specific case.

[0150] Oat composite articles, in particular oat composite moldings with the above-defined properties within the above-defined ranges, are particularly preferred in many cases, depending on their use or intended use, since their properties are perceived as particularly positive in the field of the present invention. In particular, the above-defined properties within the above-defined ranges are preferred when the oat composite article, in particular the oat composite molding, contains a biopolymer material as the polymer material.

[0151] The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), preferably an oat composite molded part (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has an inherent smell of roasted aromas.

[0152] Biocomposites as they are known from the state of the art often have an inherent odor that is perceived as unpleasant, which prevents their commercial use or makes it less advantageous.

[0153] The addition of fragrances to mask an inherent odor that is perceived as unpleasant or to create an inherent odor that is perceived as pleasant is generally undesirable in the field of the present invention.

[0154] In many cases, it is therefore highly preferred if the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has an inherent roasted odor. An inherent roasted odor is perceived as particularly advantageous for commercial use in the field of the present invention. The skilled person will identify these cases based on the requirements of the specific individual case. The other effects and advantages described above are also achieved to a particularly high degree here.

[0155] It is also particularly preferred if the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a light color that is perceived as advantageous and is also printable using the methods customary in the field of the present invention.

[0156] The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), preferably an oat composite molded part (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, complies with the requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No. 10 / 2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food.

[0157] Biocomposites as known from the prior art often exhibit an inherent odor that is perceived as unpleasant, which particularly prevents or makes less advantageous commercial use involving contact with food. In many cases, it is therefore highly preferred if the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, exhibits an inherent roasted odor while simultaneously meeting the requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No. 10 / 2011 of January 14, 2011, on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food. This combination is regularly perceived as extremely positive in the field of the present invention.

[0158] In many cases, it is preferred if the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, is suitable for use in the packaging and / or processing of foodstuffs; in particular, it is preferred in many cases if the oat composite article is also approved for this purpose in the European Union. Against this background, the person skilled in the art will identify suitable polymer materials from their specialist knowledge that may be present in a food-grade oat composite article. In many cases, it is particularly preferred if the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, is heat-treated and / or free of harmful substances. The oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, is preferably food-grade, free of harmful substances, and heat-treated.

[0159] In many cases, it is also preferred if the food-grade oat composite article, preferably the food-grade oat composite molded part, is compostable, preferably industrially compostable, particularly preferably home compostable.

[0160] The other effects and advantages described above are also achieved here to a special extent.

[0161] The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the oat composite article can be stored at temperatures in the range between 0°C and 25°C, preferably between 1°C and 23°C, particularly preferably between 4°C and 20°C and at a further defined air humidity in the range from 0% to 10% relative humidity, preferably in the range from 1% to 9% relative humidity, particularly preferably in the range from 1% to 8% relative humidity over a period of at least 12 months, preferably at least 18 months, particularly preferably at least 24 months, very particularly preferably at least 36 months without the formation of mold.

[0162] Oat composite articles with a moisture content in the range of 0 wt.% to 10 wt.%, preferably in the range of 3 wt.% to 9 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range of 6 wt.% to 8 wt.%, exhibit particularly advantageous storage properties. The skilled person dries the oat composite articles before storage, if necessary; he or she independently selects the appropriate drying method from the drying methods known to him or her, based on the requirements of the individual case.

[0163] In the field of the present invention, oat composite articles are frequently stored at temperatures and humidities within the specified ranges. Particularly when the oat composite article is an oat composite granulate or a dried oat composite granulate, intermediate storage is regularly required prior to further processing steps such as injection molding or compression molding. Mold formation during storage is generally undesirable in the field of the present invention. Oat composite articles that are storable at the temperatures and humidities specified above, at least for a period as defined above, are highly preferred in many cases in the field of the present invention.

[0164] Our own investigations have shown that, in the field of the present invention, extremely undesirable mold formation regularly occurs during the storage of biocomposite materials as known from the prior art. Such mold formation does not occur when the oat composite articles according to the invention are properly stored under the above-mentioned conditions.

[0165] The present invention also relates to a use of an oat composite article, preferably a compostable oat composite article, particularly preferably an industrially compostable oat composite article, most particularly preferably a home-compostable oat composite article, selected from the group consisting of:

[0166] Oat kom posit,

[0167] Oat composite granules, dried oat composite granules and

[0168] Oat composite molding, for producing an article, preferably for producing an article selected from the group consisting of:

[0169] Garden articles, agricultural articles and / or forestry articles, preferably in particular plant pots, silage films, plant fastening clips and growth covers, in particular browsing protection, weed barriers and covers for protection against frost,

[0170] Signs, in particular signage for use not designed for a period of more than 2 months, disposable tableware and disposable cutlery, preferably in particular disposable bowls, disposable plates, lids for disposable coffee cups, disposable containers, preferably disposable cups, for cold drinks, disposable containers, preferably disposable cups, for hot drinks, disposable knives, disposable forks, disposable tablespoons, disposable coffee spoons, disposable stirrers, disposable chopsticks,

[0171] Disposable straws,

[0172] Reusable tableware and reusable cutlery, preferably in particular reusable bowls, reusable plates, lids for reusable coffee cups, reusable containers, preferably reusable cups for cold drinks, reusable containers, preferably reusable cups, for hot drinks, reusable knives, reusable forks, reusable tablespoons, reusable coffee spoons, reusable stirrers, reusable chopsticks,

[0173] Reusable straws,

[0174] Beach toys

[0175] Carrier bags, especially shopping bags and garbage bags,

[0176] Flocculants, wet wipes, bristles for sweepers, mowing threads, mulching films, binding twine, films for dishwasher tablets, floral foam, chewing gum, dirt erasers, micro-composite particles for cosmetics, fishery products, granules for transport purposes, in particular for the transport of stone slabs and / or concrete slabs, bird ringing, parts of fireworks, scouring threads, seed coating and

[0177] Disposable packaging, preferably disposable packaging for food, in particular coffee capsules, tea bags and films for wrapping fruit.

[0178] In particular, the articles specified above are produced using an oat composite article according to the invention in a particularly positive configuration and with properties or combinations of properties that are perceived as particularly positive in the field of the present invention. In many cases, the respective manufacturing process is carried out particularly efficiently and / or resource-conservingly by using an oat composite article according to the invention.

[0179] In the field of the present invention, abrasive threads are also referred to as “dolly ropes”.

[0180] The present invention also relates to a use of oat fibers for producing an oat composite article, preferably as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred.

[0181] In many cases, oat hull fibers and / or oat hull fibers are preferably used to produce an oat composite article, particularly preferably oat hull fibers and oat hull fibers.

[0182] The effects and advantages described above in connection with oat composite articles according to the invention are realized when using oat fibers to produce an oat composite article, preferably as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred.

[0183] The present invention also relates to a use of a polymer material selected from the group consisting of:

[0184] polyhydroxyalkanoate,

[0185] Polybutylene succinate,

[0186] Polybutylene succinate co-adipate, natural resins,

[0187] Strength,

[0188] Cellulose with a lignin content of less than 5% by weight,

[0189] polybutylene adipate terephthalate,

[0190] Polycaprolactone,

[0191] Polylactide, cellulose acetate,

[0192] Grow and

[0193] Mixtures thereof; preferably selected from the group consisting of:

[0194] polyhydroxyalkanoate,

[0195] Polybutylene succinate,

[0196] Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and

[0197] Mixtures thereof; particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of:

[0198] polyhydroxyalkanoate,

[0199] Polybutylene succinate co-adipate, and

[0200] Mixtures thereof; most preferably selected from the group consisting of:

[0201] Polyhydroxyalkanoate and

[0202] Polybutylene succinate co-adipate for producing an oat composite article, preferably as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred.

[0203] The effects and advantages described above in connection with oat composite articles according to the invention are realized in a particularly positive manner in many cases when using the polymer materials specified above, preferably the biopolymer materials specified above, for producing an oat composite article, preferably as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred.

[0204] The present invention also relates to a process for producing an oat composite article, preferably as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred, selected from the group consisting of:

[0205] Oat composite

[0206] Oat composite granules dried oat composite granules and

[0207] Oat composite molding with the following steps to produce the article:

[0208] Producing or providing a polymer material, wherein the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of:

[0209] polyhydroxyalkanoate,

[0210] Polybutylene succinate,

[0211] Polybutylene succinate co-adipate, natural resins,

[0212] Starch, cellulose with a lignin content of less than 5% by weight,

[0213] polybutylene adipate terephthalate,

[0214] Polycaprolactone,

[0215] Polylactides,

[0216] Cellulose acetate,

[0217] Grow and

[0218] Mixtures thereof; preferably selected from the group consisting of:

[0219] polyhydroxyalkanoate,

[0220] Polybutylene succinate,

[0221] Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and

[0222] Mixtures thereof; particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of:

[0223] polyhydroxyalkanoate,

[0224] Polybutylene succinate co-adipate, and

[0225] Mixtures thereof; most preferably selected from the group consisting of: polyhydroxyalkanoate and

[0226] Polybutylene succinate co-adipate; and spatially separated from it

[0227] Oat fibers, preferably oat hull fibers and / or oat hull fibers, particularly preferably oat hull fibers and oat hull fibers.

[0228] Melting the produced or provided polymer material so that a molten polymer material results,

[0229] Compounding the molten polymer material with at least the produced or provided oat fibers in a predetermined proportion to result in the oat composite.

[0230] With the process according to the invention, the properties described above in connection with the oat composite articles according to the invention are achieved to a particularly positive extent. The effects and advantages described above in connection with the oat composite articles according to the invention and the uses according to the invention are realized to a particularly high degree in the process according to the invention.

[0231] Methods of melting polymer material and methods of compounding molten polymer material are known to those skilled in the art. They will independently identify the required parameters based on the specific needs of the individual case.

[0232] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred) selected from the group consisting of:

[0233] Oat composite granules dried oat composite granules and

[0234] Oat composite molding with the following steps to produce the article:

[0235] Producing an oat composite according to a process as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred

[0236] Granulation of the oat composite to produce oat composite granules.

[0237] Granulation methods are known to those skilled in the art. They can independently identify the required parameters based on the specific needs of the individual case.

[0238] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred) selected from the group consisting of: dried oat composite granules and

[0239] Oat composite molding with the following steps to produce the article:

[0240] Producing an oat composite granulate according to a process as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred

[0241] Drying the oat composite granules to produce dried oat composite granules, preferably dried oat composite granules with a moisture content of less than 12%, particularly preferably dried oat composite granules with a moisture content of less than 10%, and most particularly preferably dried oat composite granules with a moisture content of less than 9%. Methods of drying granules are known to those skilled in the art. They will independently identify the required parameters based on the specific needs of the individual case. Before drying, the oat composite granules typically have a moisture content of approximately 35% if they were produced using a water bath with subsequent strand granulation.

[0242] By drying the oat composite granules to produce dried oat composite granules, the shelf life of the granules can be advantageously increased without mold formation; the dried oat composite granules have an advantageously longer shelf life without mold formation compared to the non-dried oat composite granules.

[0243] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), comprising the following steps for producing the article:

[0244] Producing an oat composite granulate according to a process as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred and / or Producing a dried oat composite granulate according to a process as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred, preferably Producing a dried oat composite granulate according to a process as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred;

[0245] Melting the oat composite granules and / or the dried oat composite granules, preferably melting the dried oat composite granules, so that molten oat composite results;

[0246] Injection molding of the molten oat composite to produce an oat composite molded part.

[0247] Methods for injection molding granulated biocomposites are known to those skilled in the art. They will independently identify the required parameters based on the specific needs of the individual case. In many cases, especially if "starch" is not selected as the polymer material, the skilled person will reduce the total starch content in the oat composite article to improve the properties of the oat composite article.

[0248] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), comprising the following steps for producing the article:

[0249] Producing an oat composite granulate according to a method as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred and / or Producing a dried oat composite granulate according to a method as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred, preferably Producing a dried oat composite granulate according to a method as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred

[0250] Compression molding of the oat composite to produce an oat composite molded part.

[0251] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), comprising the following step for producing the article:

[0252] Deep drawing of the oat composite to produce an oat composite molded part.

[0253] The process details of deep drawing of polymers and composite materials are known to the person skilled in the art.

[0254] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the resulting oat composite article is in the form of a film, with the following step for producing the article: extrusion, casting, calendering or blow molding, preferably blow molding and / or extrusion, particularly preferably blow molding of the oat composite, so that an oat composite article in the form of a film results.

[0255] The process details of extrusion, casting, calendering and blow molding are known to the person skilled in the art.

[0256] Methods for compression molding granulated biocomposite are known to those skilled in the art. They can independently identify the required parameters based on the specific needs of the individual case.

[0257] The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), preferably for producing an oat composite molded part (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the compounding takes place in a temperature range from 180 °C to 230 °C, preferably in a temperature range from 185 °C to 220 °C, particularly preferably in a temperature range from 188 °C to 215 °C, very particularly preferably in a temperature range from 190 °C to 210 °C and / or, preferably “and wherein the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of:

[0258] polyhydroxyalkanoate,

[0259] Polybutylene succinate,

[0260] Polybutylene succinate co-adipate, natural resins,

[0261] Strength,

[0262] Cellulose with a lignin content of less than 5% by weight,

[0263] Polybutylene adipate terephthalate, polycaprolactone,

[0264] Polylactides,

[0265] Cellulose acetate,

[0266] Grow and

[0267] Mixtures thereof; preferably selected from the group consisting of:

[0268] polyhydroxyalkanoate,

[0269] Polybutylene succinate,

[0270] Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and

[0271] Mixtures thereof; particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of:

[0272] polyhydroxyalkanoate,

[0273] Polybutylene succinate co-adipate, and

[0274] Mixtures thereof; most preferably selected from the group consisting of:

[0275] Polyhydroxyalkanoate and

[0276] Polybutylene succinate co-adipate. Particularly when industrially compostable oat composite articles are produced using the process according to the invention, it is sometimes preferable to select polylactide as the polymer material. In many cases, polylactides can be obtained particularly easily and inexpensively, both ecologically and economically.

[0277] Particularly when home-compostable oat composite articles are produced using the process according to the invention, it is often preferable to select polybutylene succinate and / or polybutylene succinate co-adipate as the polymer material. Both polybutylene succinate and polybutylene succinate co-adipate polylactides are particularly preferred in the process according to the invention in many cases, particularly due to their advantageous ecological aspects.

[0278] In other cases, particularly when home-compostable oat composite articles are produced using the process according to the invention, polyhydroxyalkanoate is preferably selected as the polymer material. In many cases, polyhydroxyalkanoate is also preferably selected as the polymer material when marine-compostable oat composite articles are produced using the process according to the invention. When using polyhydroxyalkanoate, a particularly high proportion of oat fiber can also be used in many cases in the process according to the invention.

[0279] The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a method for producing an oat composite molded part (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the melting and processing during injection molding takes place up to immediately before contact with a casting mold and / or a water bath in a temperature range from 80°C to 230°C, preferably in a temperature range from 100°C to 220°C, particularly preferably in a temperature range from 110°C to 210°C, very particularly preferably in a temperature range from 120°C to 200°C, preferably in a temperature range from 150°C to 180°C and / or Preferably “and” during injection molding, the casting mold immediately before contact with the molten oat composite has a temperature in the range from 15°C to 50°C, preferably a temperature in the range from 20°C to 40°C, particularly preferably a temperature in the range from 25°C to 38 °C,most preferably a temperature in the range of 30 °C to 35 °C.,

[0280] With the parameters defined above, oat composite molded parts with particularly positive properties and / or combinations of properties are obtained in a particularly efficient manner in many cases in the process according to the invention.

[0281] In many cases it is particularly preferred that the mold used in injection molding is a cold runner mold.

[0282] In many cases, it is preferable for injection molding, particularly in cases where the mold used in injection molding is a cold runner mold, that the oat composite granules are dried prior to injection molding to a moisture content of 0.6 wt.% or less, more preferably 0.5 wt.% or less, and most preferably 0.4 wt.% or less. In this way, better results are achieved in many cases, particularly in cases where the mold used in injection molding is a cold runner mold. This reduces the likelihood of defects occurring in the resulting molded part during injection molding.

[0283] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), comprising the following steps:

[0284] Providing oat hulls and / or oat husks;

[0285] Cleaning the oat shells and / or oat husks to produce cleaned oat shells and / or cleaned oat husks;

[0286] Drying the cleaned oat hulls and / or the cleaned oat husks to produce dried cleaned oat hulls and / or dried cleaned oat husks;

[0287] Grinding the dried cleaned oat hulls and / or the dried cleaned oat husks to produce ground oat hulls and / or ground oat husks; sieving the ground oat hulls and / or ground oat husks to produce oat fibers and a residue in the sieve.

[0288] In many cases, a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred) comprising the following steps is preferred:

[0289] Providing oat hulls and oat husks;

[0290] Cleaning the oat hulls and oat husks to produce cleaned oat hulls and cleaned oat husks;

[0291] Drying the cleaned oat hulls and the cleaned oat husks to produce dried cleaned oat hulls and dried cleaned oat husks;

[0292] Grinding the dried cleaned oat hulls and the dried cleaned oat husks to produce ground oat hulls and ground oat husks;

[0293] Sieving the ground oat hulls and ground oat husks to leave oat fibers and a residue in the sieve.

[0294] When carrying out a process according to the invention for producing an oat composite article with the steps defined above, oat composite articles with particularly positive properties are obtained. Particularly when the oat composite articles resulting from the process are intended for contact with food, it is generally preferable to carry out the process steps defined above when carrying out the process according to the invention.

[0295] The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the cleaning of the oat hulls and / or oat husks is carried out at least partly by boiling in water at 100°C and subsequent pressing, preferably by pressing with a Pondorf screw press, and / or, preferably “and

[0296] Wherein the drying is carried out as indirect drying, preferably as indirect drying on a belt dryer or in a drying cabinet, preferably on a belt dryer, and / or, preferably “and”

[0297] Wherein the drying is carried out in such a way that the resulting dried purified oat hulls and / or dried purified oat husks have a water content of less than 7 wt.%, preferably less than 6 wt.%, particularly preferably less than 5 wt.%, most preferably less than 4 wt.%, and / or, preferably “and”

[0298] Wherein the dried cleaned oat hulls and / or dried cleaned oat husks used in the grinding process have a water content of less than 7% by weight, preferably less than 6% by weight, particularly preferably less than 5% by weight, most particularly preferably less than 4% by weight at the start of the grinding process.-%, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the grinding is carried out using an impact disk mill, preferably the grinding is carried out using an impact disk mill at a temperature of 75°C, particularly preferably at a temperature of 75°C and with a residence time of 1 minute, and / or, preferably “and” wherein when sieving the ground oat hulls and / or the ground oat husks, so that oat fibers and a residue in the sieve result, a sieve with a mesh size of 300 micrometers or less, preferably of 200 micrometers or less, particularly preferably of 160 micrometers or less, very particularly preferably of 120 micrometers is used. When carrying out the process steps defined above, preferably when carrying out all of the process steps defined above, oat composite articles are obtained which can be stored for a particularly long time without mold formation.Both cleaning the oat hulls, as described above, and drying them at the specified drying times and temperatures will increase their shelf life without mold formation. In many cases, it is preferable if the oat fiber resulting from sieving the ground oat hulls is an organic product, as defined by Regulation (EU) 2018 / 848 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 on organic production and labeling of organic products and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No. 834 / 2007.

[0299] In many cases, it is preferred if the oat fibers resulting from sieving the ground oat hulls are vegan.

[0300] In many cases, it is preferred if the cleaning of the oat hulls to result in cleaned oat hulls is carried out according to the method described in document WO 2020 / 192981, preferably according to the method described in Example IV of document WO 2020 / 192981.

[0301] The conditions described above for cleaning the oat hulls result in oat hulls that are particularly suitable for use in oat composite articles, preferably in oat composite molded parts that meet the requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No. 10 / 2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food.

[0302] In many cases, it is preferred if the drying of the cleaned oat hulls to produce dried, cleaned oat hulls comprises a drying step in which the cleaned oat hulls are exposed to a temperature of 90°C to 100°C for 20 minutes. In many cases, it is preferred to select the duration of the drying of the cleaned oat hulls to produce dried, cleaned oat hulls such that the resulting dried, cleaned oat hulls have a moisture content of 6%. When the drying is carried out in this way, the resulting dried, cleaned oat hulls have particularly low levels of bacteria and fungi, especially molds.The above-described drying conditions for the cleaned oat hulls result in dried cleaned oat hulls that are particularly suitable for use in oat composite articles, preferably in oat composite molded parts, which meet the requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No 10 / 2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food.

[0303] In many cases, indirect drying is preferred, as it avoids contact with smoke and the pollutants regularly contained in smoke. This type of indirect drying is particularly preferred when low pollutant levels in the resulting dried, cleaned oat hulls are desired.

[0304] In many cases, it is preferable to use a Pondorf screw press for pressing; this method often achieves particularly positive results.

[0305] In many cases, oat fibers are produced using a particularly economically and ecologically advantageous manufacturing process compared to other natural fibers. In particular, the processing of the respective fiber raw materials in mills results in particularly low abrasion and corrosion properties for oat fibers compared to other raw materials such as wood or sunflower hulls.

[0306] If the sieving of the ground oat hulls, so that oat fibers and a residue in the sieve result, is carried out with mesh sizes larger than 300 micrometers, the result is usually oat fibers which are more difficult to dose and which lead to less advantageous results when used in a process (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred) or when used to produce an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred).

[0307] In many cases, consumers in the field of the present invention desire that processes for producing biocomposites be carried out as sustainably and environmentally friendly as possible. Therefore, a process according to the invention for producing an oat composite article is preferably carried out such that the energy used for heat generation is obtained by burning biomass. A process according to the invention for producing an oat composite article is preferably carried out such that energy used for purposes other than heat generation comes from heat recovery and / or from renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics, the burning of biomass, and / or wind energy.

[0308] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein: the compounding takes place exclusively between the polymer material and the oat fibers, without the addition of further substances, so that the resulting oat composite consists exclusively of the polymer material produced or provided and the oat fibers produced or provided; or the molten polymer material, in addition to the oat fibers produced or provided, contains further substances as additives, preferably in a combined total proportion of 2 to 5 wt.-% based on the total mass of all substances used in compounding, which are also present in the subsequent compounding, are added, preferably these additional substances are selected as additives from the group consisting of:.

[0309] Sugar, preferably glucose, sucrose and / or starch, particularly preferably glucose, sucrose and / or starch in a proportion of 3 wt.% to 5 wt.%, based on the total mass of all substances used in compounding,

[0310] Fertilizers, preferably fertilizers in a proportion of 2 wt.% to 5 wt.% based on the total mass of the resulting oat composite article, particularly preferably guano in a proportion of 2 wt.% to 5 wt.% based on the total mass of all substances used in compounding,

[0311] Auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material, preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material, particularly preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material in a proportion of 1 wt.% to 3 wt.%, based on the total mass of the resulting cereal composite article,

[0312] Colorants, preferably food colorants, particularly preferably natural food colorants, most particularly preferably natural food colorants selected from the group consisting of: carotenoids, berry colorants, beetroot colorants, carmine, paprika extract and curcumin.

[0313] The specialist independently selects suitable fertilizers from the well-known fertilizers for garden and balcony plants based on the individual needs of the case. For example, in cases where guano is not to be used, or not to be used alone, the specialist can resort to the following commercially available fertilizers, but can also select other fertilizers not listed here:

[0314] Nitrogen fertilizers, for example calcium ammonium nitrate, urea, Piagran pro, Alzon neo-N and ammonium nitrate-urea solution

[0315] Nitrogen fertilizers with sulfur, for example ammonium sulfate nitrate Piamon S, Domogran, Piasan-S, Domamon L 26

[0316] Nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers, for example DAP 18 / 46 and NP 10 / 34

[0317] Phosphorus fertilizers, such as triple superphosphate, P40 and Dolophos and

[0318] Potassium fertilizers, for example 60er Kali, Korn-Kali, Polysulfat.

[0319] In many cases, it is preferred if no auxiliary substances are used to improve the flow properties in the process according to the invention for producing an oat composite article.

[0320] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein: the compounding takes place exclusively between the polymer material and the oat fibers, without the addition of further substances, so that the resulting oat composite consists exclusively of the polymer material produced or provided and the oat fibers produced or provided; and when compounding the molten polymer material with the oat fibers produced or provided in a predetermined proportion to result in the oat composite, the predetermined proportion is selected such that it corresponds to a proportion of oat fibers of 5% to 45% by weight, preferably a proportion of oat fibers of 10% to 42% by weight.-%, particularly preferably a proportion of 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%, very particularly preferably a proportion of 30 wt.% to 35 wt.%, in each case based on the combined total mass of the molten polymer material used in the compounding and the oat fibers used in the compounding.

[0321] This means that, at a ratio corresponding to a proportion of oat fibers of 30 wt.% based on the combined total mass of the molten polymer material used in the compounding and the oat fibers used in the compounding: 70 g of polymer material and 30 g of oat fibers are used per 100 g of combined total mass of polymer material and oat fibers.

[0322] The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein: in addition to the produced or provided oat fibers, one, two, three or more further substances are added as additives to the molten polymer material, which are also present during the subsequent compounding, preferably these are one, two, three or more further substances as additives, preferably selected from the group consisting of: sugar, preferably glucose, sucrose and / or starch, particularly preferably glucose, sucrose and / or starch in a proportion of 3 wt.% to 5 wt.%, based on the total mass of the resulting oat composite article

[0323] Fertilizers, preferably fertilizers in a proportion of 2 wt.% to 5 wt.%, based on the total mass of the resulting oat composite article, particularly preferably guano in a proportion of 2 wt.% to 5 wt.%, based on the total mass of the resulting oat composite article

[0324] Auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material, preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material, particularly preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material in a proportion of 1 wt.% to 3 wt.%, based on the total mass of the resulting cereal composite article,

[0325] Dyes, preferably food dyes, particularly preferably natural food dyes, very particularly preferably natural food dyes selected from the group consisting of: carotenoids, berry dyes, beetroot dyes, carmine, paprika extract and curcumin; preferably in an amount of 2 wt.% to 7 wt.%, preferably in an amount of 3 wt.% to 6 wt.%, particularly preferably in an amount of 4 wt.% to 5 wt.%, in each case based on the total mass of the oat composite article, and when compounding the molten polymer material with at least the produced or provided oat fibers in a predetermined quantitative ratio, so that the oat composite results, the predetermined quantitative ratio is selected such that it corresponds to a proportion of oat fibers of 5 wt.% to 45 wt.%, preferably to a proportion of oat fibers of 10 wt.% to 42 wt.%, particularly preferably to a proportion of 20 wt.% to 40 wt.-%, very particularly preferably a proportion of 30 wt.% to 35 wt.%, in each case based on the combined total mass of the molten polymer material used in the compounding and the oat fibers used in the compounding.

[0326] This means that, with a ratio corresponding to a proportion of oat fibers of 30 wt.% and a proportion of an additive of 2 wt.%, each based on the combined total mass of the molten polymer material used in the compounding, the oat fibers used in the compounding and the additive used in the compounding: per 100 g of combined total mass of polymer material and oat fibers and additive, 68 g of polymer material and 30 g of oat fibers and 2 g of additive are used.

[0327] The use of the sugars indicated does not conflict with the requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No. 10 / 2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food.

[0328] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the polymer material used to produce an oat composite article has a density, determined according to method A of ISO 1 183-1, in the range of 1 g 3 up to 2 g 3 preferably has a density in the range of 1 ,0 g ern 3 up to 1.6 g 3 , particularly preferably a density in the range of 1.1 g 3 up to 1.3 g 3 , most preferably a density in the range of 1 .23 g ern 3up to 1.26 g 3 , and / or, preferably “and” has a melt mass flow rate determined according to ISO 1133-2 using method B and using the parameters 190 °C and 5 kg, in the range from 2 g / 10 min to 50 g / 10 min, preferably in the range from 2.5 g / 10 min to 35 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range from 3.0 g / 10 min to 32 g / 10 min, most preferably in the range from 3.8 g / 10 min to 30 g / 10 min, and / or, preferably “and” has a melting point, determined according to ISO 3146, in the range from 70 °C to 140 °C, preferably in the range from 75 °C to 120 °C, more preferably in the range from 78 °C to 88 °C, most preferably in the range from 83 °C to 85 °C.

[0329] The use of polymer materials with the properties specified above in the process according to the invention leads in many cases to particularly positive properties or combinations of properties of the resulting oat composite article.

[0330] The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a lignocellulose content in the range from 60 wt.% to 90 wt.%, preferably in the range from 70 wt.% to 88 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 75 wt.% to 87 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 81 wt.% to 86 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a lignin content in the range from 10 wt.% to 30 wt.%, preferably in the range from 11 wt.% to 27.5 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 12 wt.% to 26 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 22 wt.% to 25 Weight-%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a hemicellulose content in the range from 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%, preferably in the range from 22 wt.% to 38 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 23.5 wt.% to 37.0 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 31.5 wt.% to 36.0 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article has a xylose content in the range from 15 wt.% to 31 wt.%, preferably in the range from 17 wt.% to 30 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 22 wt.% to 29.9 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 27.3 wt.% up to 28.9 wt.-%, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat fibers used, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article has a proportion of arabinose in the range from 2.6 wt.% to 4.0 wt.%, preferably in the range from 3.1 wt.% to 3.9 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 3.2 wt.% to 3.8 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat fibers used, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article has a ratio of arabinose to xylose in the range from 0.05 to 0.5, preferably in the range from 0.09 to 0.3, particularly preferably in the range from 0.1 to 0.2, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the The oat fibers used in the oat composite article have a mannose content of less than 0.03 wt.-%, preferably less than 0.02 wt.%, particularly preferably less than 0.01 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat fibers used, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a proportion of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde in the range of 50 pg g. -1 up to 250 pg g -1 preferably in the range of 60 pg-g 1 up to 220 pg-g 1 particularly preferably in the range of 65 pg-g 1 up to 216 pg-g 1 most preferably in the range of 190 pg-g 1 until 215 |jg g' 1 , in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and / or [Description: preferably “and”] wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a ferulic acid content in the range of 1000 pg g -1 up to 3000 pg g -1 preferably in the range of 1100 pg g -1 up to 2800 pg g-1 particularly preferably in the range of 1300 pg g -1 up to 2700 pg g -1 most preferably in the range of 2300 pg g -1 up to 2600 pg g -1 , in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a protein content of less than 3% by weight, preferably less than 2% by weight, particularly preferably a protein content in the range from 1.2% by weight to 1.6% by weight, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a lipid content of less than 2% by weight, preferably less than 1.5% by weight, particularly preferably a lipid content in the range from 0.8% by weight to 1.0% by weight, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used.

[0331] A proportion of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde of 1 pg-g -1 that one microgram of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde is present per gram of dry matter of the oat fiber used.

[0332] In many cases, it is also preferred that the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article contains no mannose at all. In many cases, a ligocellulose content in the range of 81 to 86 wt.% is particularly preferred, as the properties of the resulting oat composite article are often perceived as particularly positive.

[0333] The use of fibers with a lipid content of more than 2 wt.% in the production of biocomposites regularly leads to properties of the biocomposite that are perceived as disadvantageous in the field of the present invention.

[0334] The use of oat fibers with the properties specified above in the process according to the invention leads in many cases to particularly positive properties or combinations of properties of the resulting oat composite article.

[0335] The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average length in the range from 100 pm to 300 pm, preferably in the range from 120 pm to 250 pm, particularly preferably in the range from 150 pm to 220 pm, preferably in the range from 190 pm to 200 pm, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average thickness in the range from 30 pm to 200 pm, preferably in the range from 50 pm to 150 pm, particularly preferably in the range from 90 pm to 130 pm, preferably in the range from 105 pm to 120 pm, and / or,preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average convexity in the range from 0.6 to 0.95, preferably in the range from 0.65 to 0.90, particularly preferably in the range from 0.7 to 0.85, and / or, preferably “and wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average shape factor in the range from 1.0 to 1.5, preferably in the range from 1.03 to 1.4, particularly preferably in the range from 1.05 to 1.35, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average feretaxial ratio in the range from 0.3 to 0.7, preferably in the range from 0.4 to 0.6, particularly preferably in the range from 0.45 to 0.58.,

[0336] The use of oat fibers with the properties specified above in the process according to the invention often leads to particularly positive properties or combinations of properties of the resulting oat composite article. The present invention also relates to a kit for producing an oat composite article, comprising at least the following spatially separate components: a polymer material, preferably a polymer material selected from the group consisting of:

[0337] Polyhydroxyalkanoate

[0338] Polybutylene succinate

[0339] Polybutylene succinate co-adipate natural resins

[0340] Strength

[0341] Cellulose with a lignin content of less than 5% by weight

[0342] Polybutylene adipate terephthalate

[0343] Polycaprolactone

[0344] Polylactide Cellulose Acetate

[0345] Grow and

[0346] Mixtures thereof, preferably selected from the group consisting of:

[0347] Polyhydroxyalkanoate

[0348] Polybutylene succinate

[0349] Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and

[0350] Mixtures thereof, particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of:

[0351] Polyhydroxyalkanoate

[0352] Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and

[0353] Mixtures thereof, most preferably selected from the group consisting of:

[0354] Polyhydroxyalkanoate and

[0355] Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and spatially separated

[0356] Oat fibers, preferably oat hull fibers and / or oat hull fibers, particularly preferably oat hull fibers and oat hull fibers. The kit according to the invention is particularly suitable for carrying out the methods according to the invention with which oat composite articles are produced.

[0357] The feasibility of the invention is explained in more detail below using oat fiber as an example of other cereal fibers. Cereal fibers from other cereals, in particular from the hulled cereals einkorn, emmer, kamut, barley, millet, and spelt, can also be produced and used in an equivalent manner.

[0358] Example B1 : Production of oat fibers

[0359] The selection of materials in this example is merely exemplary. In particular, according to the procedure described in this example, both oat fibers can be produced from oat hulls, so-called "oat hull fibers," and oat fibers from oat hulls, so-called "oat hull fibers." Furthermore, according to the procedure described in this example, oat fibers can be produced jointly from oat hulls and oat hulls.

[0360] Oat husks were used as an example. The oat husks were blown loose into a silo, then removed from the silo, mixed with water, and cleaned in a washing line as described below. The oat husks, mixed with water, were kept at a temperature of 100°C for 40 minutes. The cooked oat husks were then reduced to a moisture content of 35% using a Pondorf screw press, resulting in contaminated press water and cleaned oat husks. The cleaned oat husks were dried to a moisture content of 6% using a Stela RECU DRY - BTU RecuDry 1-6200-19.5 belt dryer with heat recovery, built in 2020, for 20 minutes at 90°C. The dried, cleaned oat husks were then ground using a Herbold impact disc mill, type PU 1250 GR, built in 2018, to produce ground oat husks.The ground oat hulls were sieved to a mesh size of 120 pm on a Rüter Kreuzjoch Plansichter 1500 plansifter with a rotating disc distributor, resulting in oat fibers and a residue in the sieve. The resulting oat fibers were conveyed by compressed air to a silo for temporary storage. Example B2: Analysis of the oat fibers.

[0361] The length and thickness of oat fibers produced according to Example B1 above were

[0362] - together with other parameters - analysed using the commercially available FibreShape method as described below; in addition to the FiberShape method, the person skilled in the art is also aware of other methods with which he can determine the length and thickness

[0363] - and other parameters - of oat fibers, such as using a microscope and a suitable scale. The measurement parameters used in the FibreShape method are listed in Table 1.

[0364] Table 1 : Measurement parameters of the FibreShape method

[0365] First, a suitable amount of oat fibers prepared according to Example B1 above was placed in a 1 L plastic bag and thoroughly mixed. A suitable amount of sample was then taken from the bag with a brush, applied to a slide (4.9 x 4.9 cm), and spread evenly. To secure the evenly distributed oat fibers, another slide was placed on top as a coverslip, and both slides were secured together with a strip of adhesive tape. The joined slides, with the evenly distributed oat fibers enclosed between them, were then placed in a film guide and scanned using a Dimage Scan Elite 5400 II slide scanner (Konica Minolta). The selected resolution of the slide scanner was 1200 dpi, which corresponds to a lower resolution limit of 5 pm. The image analysis was performed using the "Fibreshape" analysis software from IST AG, St.Gallen, Switzerland, with the parameters given in Table 1.

[0366] A mean fiber length, weighted by number, of 194.38 pm was determined with a standard deviation of 281.88 pm. In addition to fiber length, convexity, shape factor, and feretaxial ratio were also determined with equal weighting using the FibreShape method: the mean convexity was 0.8260 with a standard deviation of 0.1024; the mean shape factor was 1.0740 with a standard deviation of 0.2221; and the mean feretaxial ratio was 0.5737 with a standard deviation of 0.1535.

[0367] The determined percentiles of the fiber lengths are shown in Table 2. A percentile of 0% indicates that no fiber is shorter than the corresponding specified value. A percentile of 10% indicates that 10% of the fibers are shorter than the corresponding specified value. A percentile of 50% indicates that 50% of the fibers are shorter than the corresponding specified value. A percentile of 100% indicates that no fiber is longer than the corresponding specified value, i.e., that 100% of the analyzed fibers are shorter than this value.

[0368] Table 2: Length distribution of oat fibers

[0369] A mean fiber thickness, weighted by length, of 110.01 pm was determined with a standard deviation of 55.55 pm.

[0370] In addition to fiber thickness, convexity, shape factor, and feretaxial ratio were determined with equal weighting using the FibreShape method: the mean value of convexity was 0.7344 with a standard deviation of 0.1446; the mean value of the shape factor was 1.3447 with a standard deviation of 0.4076; the mean value of the feretaxial ratio was 0.4892 with a standard deviation of 0.1822.

[0371] The corresponding percentiles for the fiber thickness measurements are given in Table 3 in a manner analogous to the fiber length percentiles given in Table 2. Table 3: Percentiles for the fiber thickness measurements

[0372] Example B2-1 : Analysis of oat fiber components

[0373] Oat fibers produced according to Example B1 above were analyzed as described below.

[0374] The determination of minerals and trace elements was carried out according to DIN EN 15621: 2017-10. The measurement results are given in simplified form in Table 4 according to DIN EN ISO / IEC 17025:2018, Section 7.8.1.3. Table 4: Results of the determination of minerals and trace elements according to

[0375] DIN EN 15621 : 2017-10

[0376] The results of the vitamin determinations and the respective determination methods used are shown in Table 5. The measurement results are given in simplified form in Table 5 according to DIN EN ISO / IEC 17025:2018, Section 7.8.1.3.

[0377] Table 5: Results of the determination of vitamins Further own investigations on the oat fibers produced according to Example B1 above have shown that oat fibers with a content of minerals, trace elements and vitamins as listed above in Table 4 and Table 5 result in particularly advantageous properties of oat composite articles produced therefrom with regard to industrial compostability and home compostability.

[0378] The dietary fiber content was determined according to AOAC 991.43 and AOAC 2009.1; the high molecular weight fiber (HMWDF) and soluble fiber (SDF) content were determined according to AOAC 991.43; the total fiber content (TDF) was determined according to AOAC 2009.1.

[0379] The high molecular weight fiber (HMWDF) content, determined according to AOAC 991.43, was 84.10 g per 100 g sample. The soluble fiber (SDFS) content, determined according to AOAC 991.43, was below the limit of quantification of 0.50 g per 100 g sample. The total fiber (TDF) content, determined according to AOAC 2009.1, was 84.60 g per 100 g sample.

[0380] In addition, Enterobacteriaceae were determined in oat fibers produced according to Example B1 above according to ISO 21528-2:2017-06; the result was 230 cfu / g.

[0381] The two mycotoxins "deoxynivalenol" and "zearalenone" were determined by HPLC MS / MS in oat fiber produced according to Example B1 above. Both values ​​were below the respective limit of quantification of 100 pg / kg for deoxynivalenol and 5 pg / kg for zearalenone.

[0382] Example B2-2: Analysis of spelt fiber components

[0383] Following the procedure in Example B1 above, spelt fibers were produced and analyzed from spelt husks. The measurement methods and results used are listed in Table 6; the measurement results are presented in simplified form in Table 6, in accordance with DIN EN ISO / IEC 17025:2018, Section 7.8.1.3.

[0384] Table 6: Analysis results for spelt fibers produced according to Example B1.

[0385] Example B3: Compounding

[0386] The selection of oat fibers in this example is merely exemplary; oat fibers made from oat hulls can also be used. In particular, compound materials can be produced in an equivalent manner using cereal fibers other than oat fibers, following the procedure described in this example. Likewise, the selection of polymer materials in this example is merely exemplary. Depending on the requirements of the specific case, the skilled person will also independently select other suitable polymer materials and carry out appropriate compounding.

[0387] B3-1 : Samples

[0388] Table 7: Recipes R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 for oat composite articles according to the invention

[0389] T7-1] Commercially available as 0120 from Westfiber

[0390] T7-2] Commercially available as 0400 from Westfiber

[0391] T7-3] Commercially available as PBS Regiogradable from Biovox.

[0392] T7-4] Commercially available as PHI 002 from NaturePlast

[0393] T7-5] Commercially available as ecovio® from BASF

[0394] T7-6] Commercially available as C120 from Westerkamp

[0395] T7-7] Commercially available as BioPBS™ FD92PM from Mitsubishi Chemical Performance Polymers, Inc.

[0396] [T7-8] Oat fibres containing bran (oat hull bran) were used as oat fibres; the oat fibres used in recipe R9 had a sugar content (calculated as sucrose) of 0.60 wt% and a starch content (polar) of 12.00 wt%, each based on the total mass of the oat fibres used in recipe R9.

[0397] Oat fibres produced according to Example B1 above were processed according to the method shown in Table

[0398] 7 specified compositions each with

[0399] Polybutylene succinate (PBS),

[0400] Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), the polymerization product of succinic acid, 1,4-butanediol and adipic acid (PBSA) or a mixture comprising polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and polylactic acid (PLA).

[0401] The mixture comprising polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and polylactic acid (PLA) is also abbreviated as PBAT-PLA.

[0402] The polybutylene succinate (PBS) used was “PBS Regiogradable”, which is commercially available from the manufacturer “Biovox”.

[0403] The polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) used was “PHI 002”, which is commercially available from the manufacturer “NaturePlast”.

[0404] BioPBS™ FD92PM, commercially available from Mitsubishi Chemical Performance Polymers, Inc., was used as PBSA.

[0405] The PBAT-PLA used was “ecovio®”, which is commercially available from the manufacturer “BASF”.

[0406] In each case, compounding followed by strand granulation was carried out according to the recipes R1 to R9 (R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9) given in Table 7 in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder (type ZE 42 Basic (x 46D) from KraussMaffei Extrusion) at 225 revolutions per minute and with the extruder head of type SK ZW40-MB and a hole die for strand granulation with the dimensions 9 mm x 4.0 mm, so that oat composite granules resulted.

[0407] The processing temperatures in the device zones 1 to 8 were selected as follows: Zone 1 = 25 °C, Zone 2 = 210 °C, Zone 3 = 210 °C, Zone 4 = 190 °C, Zone 5 = 190 °C, Zone 6 = 190 °C, Zone 7 = 205 °C, and Zone 8 = 205 °C. The compounded strands were cooled at 15 °C to 20 °C in a water bath with subsequent strand pelletization. B3-2: Comparative samples

[0408] Table 8: Comparative formulations VR1, VR2, VR3, VR4, VR5 and VR6 for non-inventive comparative granules

[0409] T8-1] Commercially available as PBS Regiogradable from Biovox.

[0410] T8-2] Commercially available as ecovio® from BASF.

[0411] T8-3] Commercially available as B120 from Westfiber GmbH

[0412] T8-4] Commercially available as C120 from Westerkamp GmbH.

[0413] T8-5] Sunflower husk meal, obtained by pre-crushing and subsequent grinding on an impact disc mill and sieving in a plansifter to 120 pm.

[0414] In each case, compounding with subsequent strand granulation was carried out according to the recipes VR1 to VR4 given in Table 8 in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder (type ZE 42 Basic (x 46D) from KraussMaffei Extrusion) at 225 revolutions per minute and with the extruder head of type SK ZW40-MB and a hole die for strand granulation with the dimensions 9 mm x 4.0 mm, so that non-inventive comparative granules resulted.

[0415] The processing temperatures in the device zones 1 to 8 were selected as follows: Zone 1 = 25 °C, Zone 2 = 210 °C, Zone 3 = 210 °C, Zone 4 = 190 °C, Zone 5 = 190 °C, Zone 6 = 190 °C, Zone 7 = 205 °C, and Zone 8 = 205 °C. The compounded strands were cooled at 15 °C to 20 °C in a water bath with subsequent strand granulation. Example B4: Residual material moisture content

[0416] According to the recipes R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 in Table 7 above, oat composite granules were prepared according to the procedure in Example B3, Section 3-1 above.

[0417] With recipe R1, an oat composite granulate was obtained from which a sample P1-B4 was taken; with recipe R2, an oat composite granulate was obtained from which a sample P2-B4 was taken; with recipe R3, an oat composite granulate was obtained from which a sample P3-B4 was taken; with recipe R4, an oat composite granulate was obtained from which a sample P4-B4 was taken; with recipe R5, an oat composite granulate was obtained from which a sample P5-B4 was taken; with recipe R6, an oat composite granulate was obtained from which a sample P6-B4 was taken; with recipe R7, an oat composite granulate was obtained from which a sample P7-B4 was taken. With recipe R8, an oat composite granulate was obtained, from which a sample P8-B4 was taken; with recipe R9, an oat composite granulate was obtained, from which a sample P9-B4 was taken.

[0418] In each case, the samples were taken immediately after granulation and then immediately transferred to a drying cabinet.

[0419] According to the comparison recipes VR1, VR2, VR3, VR4, VR5 and VR6 in Table 8 above, comparison granules were produced according to the procedure in Example B3, Section 3-2 above.

[0420] With the comparison recipe VR1, a comparison granulate was obtained from which a comparison sample VP1-B4 was taken; with the comparison recipe VR2, a comparison granulate was obtained from which a comparison sample VP2-B4 was taken; with the comparison recipe VR3, a comparison granulate was obtained from which a comparison sample VP3-B4 was taken; with the comparison recipe VR4, a comparison granulate was obtained from which a comparison sample VP4-B4 was taken; with the comparison recipe VR5, a comparison granulate was obtained from which a comparison sample VP5-B4 was taken; with the comparison recipe VR6, a comparison granulate was obtained from which a comparison sample VP6-B4 was taken.

[0421] The reference samples were taken immediately after granulation and then immediately transferred to a drying cabinet. Samples P1-B4, P2-B4, P3-B4, P4-B4, P5-B4, P6-B4, P7-B4, P8-B4, and P9-B4, as well as reference samples VP1-B4, VP2-B4, VP3-B4, VP4-B4, VP5-B4, and VP6-B4, were dried in a drying cabinet at 80°C for 16 hours. Immediately afterwards, the residual moisture content of the material was determined according to DIN EN ISO 15512:2019, Method E, using an Aquatrac-V analyzer from Brabender®.

[0422] The residual moisture content of samples P1-B4, P2-B4, P3-B4 and P4-B4 ranged from 0.49% to 0.56%.

[0423] The residual moisture content of samples P5-B4, P6-B4, and P7-B4 ranged from 0.037% to 0.087%. The residual moisture content of sample P8-B4 was 0.081%.

[0424] The residual moisture content of the comparison samples VP1-B4 and VP2-B4 ranged from 0.18% to 0.375%.

[0425] The residual moisture content of the reference sample VP3-B4 was 1.33%.

[0426] The residual moisture content of the reference sample VP4-B4 was 0.141%. The residual moisture content of the reference sample VP5-B4 was 0.123%.

[0427] The residual moisture content of the reference sample VP6-B4 was 0.098%.

[0428] Example B5: Injection molding

[0429] According to the recipes R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 in Table 7 above, oat composite granules were produced according to the procedure in Example B3, Section 3-1 above.

[0430] With recipe R1, an oat composite granulate G1-B5 was obtained; with recipe R2, an oat composite granulate G2-B5 was obtained; with recipe R3, an oat composite granulate G3-B5 was obtained; with recipe R4, an oat composite granulate G4-B5 was obtained; with recipe R5, an oat composite granulate G5-B5 was obtained; with recipe R6, an oat composite granulate G6-B5 was obtained; with recipe R7, an oat composite granulate G7-B5 was obtained; with recipe R8, an oat composite granulate G8-B5 was obtained; with recipe R9, an oat composite granulate G9-B5 was obtained.

[0431] Immediately after granulation, the oat composite granules were transferred to a drying cabinet and dried there for 16 hours at 80°C. They were then removed from the drying cabinet and immediately processed in a KraussMaffei KM 50-180 AX injection molding machine into Type A test specimens standardized according to DIN EN ISO 3167, as well as into stair treads and plates (test plates) with a thickness of 0.4 mm and a length and width of at least 2.5 cm.

[0432] The stair treads were 56 mm wide and 90 mm long, with material thicknesses spanning the entire width, graduating from 3 mm to 2 mm to 1 mm. The individual treads had surface dimensions of 56 mm by 30 mm from the top view.

[0433] The processing target temperatures for injection molding are listed in Table 9. Table 9: Processing target temperatures for injection molding with the injection molding machine

[0434] Type KraussMaffei KM 50-180 AX

[0435] T9-1] Commercially available as PBS Regiogradable from Biovox.

[0436] T9-2] Commercially available as PHI 002 from NaturePlast.

[0437] T9-3] Commercially available as ecovio® from BASF.

[0438] According to the comparison recipes VR1, VR2, VR3, VR4, VR5 and VR6 in Table 8 above, comparison granules were produced according to the procedure in Example B3, Section 3-2 above.

[0439] A comparative granulate VG1-B5 was obtained with the comparative recipe VR1; a comparative granulate VG2-B5 was obtained with the comparative recipe VR2; a comparative granulate VG3-B5 was obtained with the comparative recipe VR3; a comparative granulate VG4-B5 was obtained with the comparative recipe VR4; a comparative granulate VG5-B5 was obtained with the comparative recipe VR5; and a comparative granulate VG6-B5 was obtained with the comparative recipe VR6.

[0440] Immediately after granulation, the granules were transferred to a drying cabinet and dried there for 16 hours at 80°C. They were then removed from the drying cabinet and immediately processed in a KraussMaffei KM 50-180 AX injection molding machine to produce Type A comparative test specimens standardized according to DIN EN ISO 3167, as well as comparative stair tread panels and panels (test panels) with a thickness of 0.4 mm and a length and width of at least 2.5 cm.

[0441] The target processing temperatures during injection molding are listed in Table 9. From the oat composite granulate G1-B5, test specimens of type PK1-B5 and stair tread plates of type TP1-B5 and test plates of type TESTPLATE1-B5 were obtained; from the oat composite granulate G2-B5, test specimens of type PK2-B5 and stair tread plates of type TP2-B5 and test plates of type TESTPLATE2-B5 were obtained; from the oat composite granulate G3-B5, test specimens of type PK3-B5 and stair tread plates of type TP3-B5 and test plates of type TESTPLATE3-B5 were obtained. From the oat composite granulate G4-B5, test specimens of type PK4-B5 and stair tread plates of type TP4-B5 and test plates of type TESTPLATTE4-B5 were obtained; from the oat composite granulate G5-B5, test specimens of type PK5-B5 and stair tread plates of type TP5-B5 and test plates of type TESTPLATTE5-B5 were obtained;From the oat composite granulate G6-B5, test specimens of type PK6-B5 and stair tread plates of type TP6-B5 and test plates of type TESTPLATE6-B5 were obtained; from the oat composite granulate G7-B5, test specimens of type PK7-B5 and stair tread plates of type TP7-B5 and test plates of type TESTPLATE7-B5 were obtained; from the oat composite granulate G8-B5, test specimens of type PK8-B5 and stair tread plates of type TP8-B5 and test plates of type TESTPLATE8-B5 were obtained; from the oat composite granulate G9-B5, test specimens of type PK9-B5 and stair tread plates of type TP9-B5 and test plates of type TESTPLATE9-B5 were obtained.

[0442] From the comparison granulate VG1-B5, comparison test specimens of type VPK1-B5 and comparison stair tread plates of type VTP1-B5 were obtained; from the comparison granulate VG2-B5, comparison test specimens of type VPK2-B5 and comparison stair tread plates of type VTP2-B5 were obtained; from the comparison granulate VG3-B5, comparison test specimens of type VPK3-B5 and comparison stair tread plates of type VTP3-B5 were obtained; from the comparison granulate VG4-B5, comparison test specimens of type VPK4-B5 and comparison stair tread plates of type VTP4-B5 were obtained; from the comparison granulate VG5-B5, comparison test specimens of type VPK5-B5 and comparison stair tread plates of type VTP5-B5 were obtained. From the comparison granulate VG6-B5, comparison test specimens of type VPK6-B5 and comparison stair tread plates of type VTP6-B5 were obtained.

[0443] Example B5A: Injection molding R9

[0444] Oat composite granules were produced according to recipe R9 in Table 7 above, following the procedure in Example B3, Section 3-1 above. Oat composite granules G9-B5 were obtained with recipe R9.

[0445] The resulting oat composite granules G9-B5 were immediately transferred to a drying cabinet after granulation and dried there for 16 hours at 80°C. They were then removed from the drying cabinet and immediately processed in a KraussMaffei KM 50-180 AX injection molding machine into Type A test specimens standardized according to DIN EN ISO 3167, as well as into stair treads and plates (test plates) with a thickness of 0.4 mm and a length and width of at least 2.5 cm.

[0446] The stair treads were 56 mm wide and 90 mm long, with material thicknesses spanning the entire width, graduating from 3 mm to 2 mm to 1 mm. The individual treads had surface dimensions of 56 mm by 30 mm from the top view.

[0447] Test specimens of type PK9-B5, stair step plates of type TP9-B5 and test plates of type TESTPLATTE9-B5 were obtained from the oat composite granulate G9-B5.

[0448] Example B6: Odor assessment

[0449] Following the procedure in Example B5 above, stair treads of type TP1-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP1-B6-01, TP1-B6-02, TP1-B6-03, TP1-B6-04, TP1-B6-05, TP1-B6-06, TP1-B6-07, TP1-B6-08, TP1-B6-09 and TP1-B6-10. Following the procedure in Example B5 above, stair treads of type TP2-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP2-B6-01, TP2-B6-02, TP2-B6-03, TP2-B6-04, TP2-B6-05, TP2-B6-06, TP2-B6-07, TP2-B6-08, TP2-B6-09 and TP2-B6-10. Following the procedure in Example B5 above, stair treads of type TP3-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP3-B6-01, TP3-B6-02, TP3-B6-03, TP3-B6-04, TP3-B6-05, TP3-B6-06, TP3-B6-07, TP3-B6-08, TP3-B6-09 and TP3-B6-10.Following the procedure in Example B5 above, stair treads of type TP4-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP4-B6-01, TP4-B6-02, TP4-B6-03, TP4-B6-04, TP4-B6-05, TP4-B6-06, TP4-B6-07, TP4-B6-08, TP4-B6-09 and TP4-B6-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, stair treads of type TP5-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP5-B6-01, TP5-B6-02, TP5-B6-03, TP5-B6-04, TP5-B6-05, TP5-B6-06, TP5-B6-07, TP5-B6-08, TP5-B6-09 and TP5-B6-10. Following the procedure in Example B5 above, stair treads of type TP6-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP6-B6-01, TP6-B6-02, TP6-B6-03, TP6-B6-04, TP6-B6-05, TP6-B6-06, TP6-B6-07, TP6-B6-08, TP6-B6-09 and TP6-B6-10.Following the procedure in Example B5 above, stair treads of type TP7-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP7-B6-01, TP7-B6-02, TP7-B6-03, TP7-B6-04, TP7-B6-05, TP7-B6-06, TP7-B6-07, TP7-B6-08, TP7-B6-09 and TP7-B6-10. Following the procedure in Example B5 above, stair treads of type TP8-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP8-B6-01, TP8-B6-02, TP8-B6-03, TP8-B6-04, TP8-B6-05, TP8-B6-06, TP8-B6-07, TP8-B6-08, TP8-B6-09 and TP8-B6-10. Following the procedure in Example B5A above, stair treads of type TP9-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP9-B6-01, TP9-B6-02, TP9-B6-03, TP9-B6-04, TP9-B6-05, TP9-B6-06, TP9-B6-07, TP9-B6-08, TP9-B6-09 and TP9-B6-10.

[0450] According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison stair treads of type VTP1-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP1-B6-01, VTP1-B6-02, VTP1-B6-03, VTP1-B6-04, VTP1-B6-05, VTP1-B6-06, VTP1-B6-07, VTP1-B6-08, VTP1-B6-09 and VTP1-B6-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison stair treads of type VTP2-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP2-B6-01, VTP2-B6-02, VTP2-B6-03, VTP2-B6-04, VTP2-B6-05, VTP2-B6-06, VTP2-B6-07, VTP2-B6-08, VTP2-B6-09 and VTP2-B6-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison stair treads of type VTP3-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP3-B6-01, VTP3-B6-02, VTP3-B6-03, VTP3-B6-04, VTP3-B6-05, VTP3-B6-06, VTP3-B6-07, VTP3-B6-08, VTP3-B6-09 and VTP3-B6-10.According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison stair treads of type VTP4-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP4-B6-01, VTP4-B6-02, VTP4-B6-03, VTP4-B6-04, VTP4-B6-05, VTP4-B6-06, VTP4-B6-07, VTP4-B6-08, VTP4-B6-09 and VTP4-B6-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison stair treads of type VTP5-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP5-B6-01, VTP5-B6-02, VTP5-B6-03, VTP5-B6-04, VTP5-B6-05, VTP5-B6-06, VTP5-B6-07, VTP5-B6-08, VTP5-B6-09 and VTP5-B6-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison stair treads of type VTP6-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP6-B6-01, VTP6-B6-02, VTP6-B6-03, VTP6-B6-04, VTP6-B6-05, VTP6-B6-06, VTP6-B6-07, VTP6-B6-08, VTP6-B6-09 and VTP6-B6-10.All of the stair tread plates and comparison stair tread plates produced in Example B6 were dried in a drying cabinet at 80°C for a period of 16 h.

[0451] The stair treads and comparison stair treads were then cooled to room temperature in the ambient air. One stair tread of each type and one comparison stair tread of each type were then presented to a member of an untrained, ten-person sensory panel for evaluation. In a blind test, all members of the sensory panel evaluated their odor.

[0452] The inherent odor of the stair tread tiles of types TP1-B5, TP2-B5, TP3-B5, TP4-B5, TP5-B5, TP6-B5, TP7-B5, TP8-B5, and TP9-B5 was rated significantly more positively than the inherent odor of the stair tread tiles of types VTP1-B5, VTP2-B5, VTP3-B5, VTP4-B5, VTP5-B5, and VTP6-B5. The inherent odor of the stair tread tiles of types VTP4-B5, VTP5-B5, and VTP6-B5 was rated as the least positive.

[0453] Example B7: Color evaluation after injection molding

[0454] Following the procedure in Example B5 above, stair treads of type TP1-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP1-B7-01, TP1-B7-02, TP1-B7-03, TP1-B7-04, TP1-B7-05, TP1-B7-06, TP1-B7-07, TP1-B7-08, TP1-B7-09 and TP1-B7-10. Following the procedure in Example B5 above, stair treads of type TP2-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP2-B7-01, TP2-B7-02, TP2-B7-03, TP2-B7-04, TP2-B7-05, TP2-B7-06, TP2-B7-07, TP2-B7-08, TP2-B7-09 and TP2-B7-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, stair treads of type TP3-B5 were manufactured, namely the stair treads TP3-B7-01, TP3-B7-02, TP3-B7-03, TP3-B7-04, TP3-B7-05, TP3-B7-06, TP3-B7-07, TP3-B7-08, TP3-B7-09 and TP3-B7-10.Following the procedure in Example B5 above, stair treads of type TP4-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP4-B7-01, TP4-B7-02, TP4-B7-03, TP4-B7-04, TP4-B7-05, TP4-B7-06, TP4-B7-07, TP4-B7-08, TP4-B7-09 and TP4-B7-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, stair treads of type TP5-B5 were manufactured, namely the stair treads TP5-B7-01, TP5-B7-02, TP5-B7-03, TP5-B7-04, TP5-B7-05, TP5-B7-06, TP5-B7-07, TP5-B7-08, TP5-B7-09 and TP5-B7-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, stair treads of type TP6-B5 were manufactured, namely the stair treads TP6-B7-01, TP6-B7-02, TP6-B7-03, TP6-B7-04, TP6-B7-05, TP6-B7-06, TP6-B7-07, TP6-B7-08, TP6-B7-09 and TP6-B7-10.Following the procedure in Example B5 above, stair treads of type TP7-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP7-B7-01, TP7-B7-02, TP7-B7-03, TP7-B7-04, TP7-B7-05, TP7-B7-06, TP7-B7-07, TP7-B7-08, TP7-B7-09 and TP7-B7-10. Following the procedure in Example B5 above, stair tread panels of type TP8-B5 were manufactured, namely stair tread panels TP8-B7-01, TP8-B7-02, TP8-B7-03, TP8-B7-04, TP8-B7-05, TP8-B7-06, TP8-B7-07, TP8-B7-08, TP8-B7-09 and TP8-B7-10. Following the procedure in Example B5A above, stair treads of type TP9-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP9-B7-01, TP9-B7-02, TP9-B7-03, TP9-B7-04, TP9-B7-05, TP9-B7-06, TP9-B7-07, TP9-B7-08, TP9-B7-09 and TP9-B7-10.

[0455] According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison stair treads of type VTP1-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP1-B7-01, VTP1-B7-02, VTP1-B7-03, VTP1-B7-04, VTP1-B7-05, VTP1-B7-06, VTP1-B7-07, VTP1-B7-08, VTP1-B7-09 and VTP1-B7-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison stair treads of type VTP2-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP2-B7-01, VTP2-B7-02, VTP2-B7-03, VTP2-B7-04, VTP2-B7-05, VTP2-B7-06, VTP2-B7-07, VTP2-B7-08, VTP2-B7-09 and VTP2-B7-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison stair treads of type VTP3-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP3-B7-01, VTP3-B7-02, VTP3-B7-03, VTP3-B7-04, VTP3-B7-05, VTP3-B7-06, VTP3-B7-07, VTP3-B7-08, VTP3-B7-09 and VTP3-B7-10.According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison stair treads of type VTP4-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP4-B7-01, VTP4-B7-02, VTP4-B7-03, VTP4-B7-04, VTP4-B7-05, VTP4-B7-06, VTP4-B7-07, VTP4-B7-08, VTP4-B7-09 and VTP4-B7-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison stair treads of type VTP5-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP5-B7-01, VTP5-B7-02, VTP5-B7-03, VTP5-B7-04, VTP5-B7-05, VTP5-B7-06, VTP5-B7-07, VTP5-B7-08, VTP5-B7-09 and VTP5-B7-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison stair treads of type VTP6-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP6-B7-01, VTP6-B7-02, VTP6-B7-03, VTP6-B7-04, VTP6-B7-05, VTP6-B7-06, VTP6-B7-07, VTP6-B7-08, VTP6-B7-09 and VTP6-B7-10.All of the stair tread plates and comparison stair tread plates produced in Example B7 were dried in a drying cabinet at 80°C for a period of 16 h.

[0456] The stair treads and comparison stair treads were then cooled to room temperature in the ambient air. One stair tread of each design and one comparison stair tread of each design were then presented to a member of an untrained panel of ten people for evaluation. In a blind test, the brightness of the color impression, which is often desired and perceived as positive in the field of the present invention, was evaluated.

[0457] The brightness of the color impression of the stair treads according to the invention of the types TP1-B5, TP2-B5, TP3-B5, TP4-B5, TP5-B5, TP6-B5, TP7-B5, TP8-B5 and TP9-B5 was on average rated significantly more positively than that of the comparison stair treads of the types VTP1-B5, VTP2-B5, VTP3-B5, VTP5-B5 and VTP6-B5.

[0458] The brightness of the colour impression of the stair tread tiles of types TP1-B5, TP2-B, TP3-B5 and TP4-B5 was rated most positively by all members of the panel.

[0459] Our own tests have also shown that the inventive stair treads of types TP1-B5, TP2-B5, TP3-B5, TP4-B5, TP5-B5, TP6-B5, TP7-B5, TP8-B5, and TP9-B5 could be printed with very good contrast using conventional printing processes with both brown and black ink. The best results were achieved with the stair treads of types TP1-B5, TP2-B5, TP3-B5, and TP4-B5. Printability tests on the comparative stair treads produced less favorable results in all cases.

[0460] Example B8 - Determination of the melt mass flow rate (MFR) and the melt volume flow rate (MVR)

[0461] According to the recipes R1, R2, R3 and R4 in Table 7 above, oat composite granules were produced according to the procedure in Example B3, Section 3-1 above.

[0462] With recipe R1, an oat composite granulate G1-B8 was obtained; with recipe R2, an oat composite granulate G2-B8 was obtained; with recipe R3, an oat composite granulate G3-B8 was obtained; with recipe R4, an oat composite granulate G4-B8 was obtained.

[0463] Immediately after granulation, the oat composite granules were transferred to a drying cabinet and dried at 80°C for 16 hours. They were then removed from the drying cabinet and immediately processed in a KraussMaffei KM 50-180 AX injection molding machine to produce Type A test specimens and stair treads standardized according to DIN EN ISO 3167. The target processing temperatures during injection molding are listed in Table 9.

[0464] According to the comparison recipes VR1, VR2 and VR3 in Table 8 above, comparison granules were produced according to the procedure in Example B3, Section 3-2 above.

[0465] A comparative granulate VG1-B8 was obtained with the comparative recipe VR1; a comparative granulate VG2-B8 was obtained with the comparative recipe VR2; and a comparative granulate VG3-B8 was obtained with the comparative recipe VR3.

[0466] Immediately after granulation, the oat composite granules and the comparison granules were transferred to a drying cabinet and dried at 80°C for a period of 16 h.

[0467] For the oat composite granules produced in Example B8 and for the comparison granules produced in Example B8, the melt mass-flow rate (MFR) and melt volume-flow rate (MVR) were determined according to Method B of DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011. A load of 5 kg and a test temperature of 190°C were selected in each case. A specified piston travel of 2 mm was selected in each case as defined in Section 12 g) for Method B of DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011.

[0468] The results of the respective determinations are listed in Tables 10 to 16. In Tables 10 to 16, the following applies:

[0469] MFR means melt mass flow rate as defined in DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011. MFR is the mean value of the melt mass flow rate values ​​obtained from one cylinder filling as defined in point 12 h) of DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011. MFR means melt volume flow rate as defined in DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011. MVR is the mean value of the melt volume flow rate values ​​obtained from one cylinder filling as defined in point 12 h) of DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011. The term “measurement time” refers to the measurement duration as defined in point 12 g) for method B of DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011. The piston travel within the meaning of point 12 g) for method B of DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011 results from the difference between the respective piston positions at the start and end of the measurement.

[0470]

[0471]

[0472]

[0473]

[0474]

[0475]

[0476]

[0477] Example B9: Density determination

[0478] According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK1-B5 were produced, namely test specimens PK1-B9-01, PK1-B9-02, PK1-B9-03, PK1-B9-04 and PK1-B9-05. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK2-B5 were produced, namely test specimens PK2-B9-01, PK2-B9-02, PK2-B9-03, PK2-B9-04 and PK2-B9-05. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK3-B5 were produced, namely test specimens PK3-B9-01, PK3-B9-02, PK3-B9-03, PK3-B9-04 and PK3-B9-05. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK4-B5 were manufactured, namely the test specimens PK4-B9-01, PK4-B9-02, PK4-B9-03, PK4-B9-04 and PK4-B9-05.

[0479] According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK1-B5 were produced, namely the comparison test specimens VPK1-B9-01, VPK1-B9-02, VPK1-B9-03, VPK1-B9-04, VPK1-B9-05. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK2-B5 were produced, namely the comparison test specimens VPK2-B9-01, VPK2-B9-02, VPK2-B9-03, VPK2-B9-04, VPK2-B9-05. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK3-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK3-B9-01, VPK3-B9-02, VPK3-B9-03, VPK3-B9-04, VPK3-B9-05.

[0480] The density of the test specimens produced in Example B9 and the density of the reference specimens produced in Example B9 were determined according to Method A (immersion method) of DIN EN ISO 1183-1:2019. Freshly deionized water, to which 0.1% ethanol was added as a wetting agent to assist in the separation of air bubbles, was used as the immersion liquid within the meaning of Section 5.1.2 of DIN EN ISO 1183-1:2019. The temperature of the immersion liquid was 27°C ± 2°C. No correction for air buoyancy was made. For each sample, five individual measurements were carried out on different test specimens or reference specimens of the same composition. The results of the density determinations are listed in Tables 17 and 18.

[0481] In Tables 17 and 18, the term "density (mean)" refers to the arithmetic mean of individual density measurements as defined in section 7 f) of DIN EN ISO 1183-1:2019. Table 17: Results of density determinations on test specimens

[0482] Table 18: Results of density determinations on reference test specimens

[0483] Example B10: Determination of tensile properties

[0484] According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK1-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK1-B10-01, PK1-B10-02, PK1-B10-03, PK1-B10-04, PK1-B10-05, PK1-B10-06, PK1-B10-07, PK1-B10-08, PK1-B10-09 and PK1-B10-10. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK2-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK2-B10-01, PK2-B10-02, PK2-B10-03, PK2-B10-04, PK2-B10-05, PK2-B10-06, PK2-B10-07, PK2-B10-08, PK2-B10-09 and PK2-B10-10. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK3-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK3-B10-01, PK3-B10-02, PK3-B10-03, PK3-B10-04, PK3-B10-05, PK3-B10-06, PK3-B10-07, PK3-B10-08, PK3-B10-09 and PK3-B10-10. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK4-B5 were manufactured, namely the test specimens PK4-B10-01, PK4-B10-02, PK4-B10-03, PK4-B10-04, PK4-B10-05, PK4-B10-06, PK4-B10-07, PK4-B10-08, PK4-B10-09 and PK4-B10-10.

[0485] According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK1-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK1-B10-01, VPK1-B10-02, VPK1-B10-03, VPK1-B10-04, VPK1-B10-05, VPK1-B10-06, VPK1-B10-07, VPK1-B10-08, VPK1-B10-09 and VPK1-B10-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK2-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK2-B10-01, VPK2-B10-02, VPK2-B10-03, VPK2-B10-04, VPK2-B10-05, VPK2-B10-06, VPK2-B10-07, VPK2-B10-08, VPK2-B10-09 and VPK2-B10-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK3-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK3-B10-01, VPK3-B10-02, VPK3-B10-03, VPK3-B10-04, VPK3-B10-05, VPK3-B10-06, VPK3-B10-07, VPK3-B10-08, VPK3-B10-09, VPK3-B10-10.

[0486] The tensile properties of the test specimens prepared in Example B10 and the tensile properties of the comparison test specimens prepared in Example B10 were determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2:2012.

[0487] The tensile modulus, tensile strength, tensile elongation, stress at break, elongation at break, and dimensions of the specimens used were determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 527-2:2012. The maximum force applied was also determined. The tensile properties were determined on a Zwick Roell Z020 device using a type 8497 30 kN pneumatic specimen grip. The load cell was 20 kN. The test speed was 1 mm / min for determining the characteristic value in the elastic range and 50 mm / min for determining the characteristic value in the plastic range. The clamping length at the starting position was 115.00 mm, and the gauge length was 75 mm. The specimens were each tested at a room temperature of 23 °C and a specimen temperature of 23 °C, and at a relative humidity of 50%.

[0488] The results of the respective determinations of the tensile properties are shown in Tables 19 to 25.

[0489] Table 19: Determination of tensile properties on test specimens of type PK1-B5

[0490]

[0491]

[0492]

[0493]

[0494]

[0495]

[0496] Example B11 : Determination of bending properties

[0497] According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK1-B5 were produced, namely test specimens PK1-B11-01, PK1-B11-02, PK1-B11-03, PK1-B11-04 and PK1-B11-05. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK2-B5 were produced, namely test specimens PK2-B11-01, PK2-B11-02, PK2-B11-03, PK2-B11-04 and PK2-B11-05. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK3-B5 were produced, namely test specimens PK3-B11-01, PK3-B11-02, PK3-B11-03, PK3-B11-04 and PK3-B11-05. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK4-B5 were manufactured, namely the test specimens PK4-B11-01, PK4-B11-02, PK4-B11-03, PK4-B11-04 and PK4-B11-05.

[0498] According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK1-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK1-B11-01, VPK1-B11-02, VPK1-B11-03, VPK1-B11-04 and VPK1-B11-05. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK2-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK2-B11-01, VPK2-B11-02, VPK2-B11-03, VPK2-B11-04 and VPK2-B11-05. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK3-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK3-B11-01, VPK3-B11-02, VPK3-B11-03, VPK3-B11-04 and VPK3-B11-05.

[0499] The flexural properties of the test specimens prepared in Example B11 and the flexural properties of the reference test specimens prepared in Example B11 were determined according to Method A of DIN EN ISO 178:2019, with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm / min.

[0500] The flexural properties were determined using a Zwick Roell Z2.5kN TN device. The load cell was 2.5 kN. The support spacing was 64 mm. A specimen support with a radius of 5 mm was used. The specimens were tested at 23 °C room temperature and 23 °C specimen temperature, and at a relative humidity of 50%.

[0501] The flexural elastic modulus, flexural stress at conventional deflection, flexural strength, flexural strain at flexural strength, flexural stress at break, and flexural strain at break were determined, each according to Method A of DIN EN ISO 178:2019 with the parameters specified above. In addition, the maximum force applied and the dimensions of the specimens used were determined.

[0502] The results of the respective determinations of the flexural properties are shown in Tables 26 and 27.

[0503]

[0504]

[0505] Example B12: Determination of the Charpy impact strength of unnotched specimens

[0506] According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK1-B5 were produced, namely test specimens PK1-B12-01, PK1-B12-02, PK1-B12-03, PK1-B12-04, PK1-B12-05, PK1-B12-06, PK1-B12-07, PK1-B12-08, PK1-B12-09, PK1-B12-10, PK1-B12-11 and PK1-B12-12. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK2-B5 were produced, namely test specimens PK2-B12-01, PK2-B12-02, PK2-B12-03, PK2-B12-04, PK2-B12-05, PK2-B12-06, PK2-B12-07, PK2-B12-08, PK2-B12-09, PK2-B12-10, PK2-B12-11, and PK2-B12-12. Test specimens of type PK3-B5 were manufactured according to Example B5 above, namely test specimens PK3-B12-01, PK3-B12-02, PK3-B12-03, PK3-B12-04, PK3-B12-05, PK3-B12-06, PK3-B12-07, PK3-B12-08, PK3-B12-09, PK3-B12-10, PK3-B12-11, and PK3-B12-12. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK4-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK4-B12-01, PK4-B12-02, PK4-B12-03, PK4-B12-04, PK4-B12-05, PK4-B12-06, PK4-B12-07, PK4-B12-08, PK4-B12-09, PK4-B12-10, PK4-B12-11 and PK4-B12-12.

[0507] According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK1-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK1-B12-01, VPK1-B12-02, VPK1-B12-03, VPK1-B12-04, VPK1-B12-05, VPK1-B12-06, VPK1-B12-07, VPK1-B12-08, VPK1-B12-09, VPK1-B12-10, VPK1-B12-11 and VPK1-B12-12. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK2-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK2-B12-01, VPK2-B12-02, VPK2-B12-03, VPK2-B12-04, VPK2-B12-05, VPK2-B12-06, VPK2-B12-07, VPK2-B12-08, VPK2-B12-09, VPK2-B12-10, VPK2-B12-11 and VPK2-B12-12. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK3-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK3-B12-01, VPK3-B12-02, VPK3-B12-03, VPK3-B12-04, VPK3-B12-05, VPK3-B12-06, VPK3-B12-07, VPK3-B12-08, VPK3-B12-09, VPK3-B12-10, VPK3-B12-11 and VPK3-B12-12.

[0508] The Charpy impact strength of the test specimens produced in Examples B10 and B12, respectively, and the Charpy impact strength of the comparative test specimens produced in Examples B10 and B12, respectively, were determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 179-1:2010 using the ISO 179-1 / 1 eU method. For this purpose, the Type A test specimens were shortened to 80 mm + / - 2 mm in accordance with DIN EN ISO 3167:2014, Section 3, and then used. The Charpy impact strength of unnotched test specimens and test pieces was determined using a Zwick Roell HIT 25P device. The nominal energy capacity of the pendulum was 5 joules. The test specimens were each used at 23 °C room temperature and 23 °C specimen temperature, and at a relative humidity of 50%. The results of the respective Charpy impact strength determinations are shown in Tables 28 to 34.

[0509] In Tables 28 to 34, "Ec" represents the corrected energy (in joules) absorbed to fracture the specimen. The designation "C" for the failure mode has the meaning according to DIN EN ISO 179-1:2010, namely that a complete fracture, including hinge failure, has occurred.

[0510] Table 28: Determination of the Charpy impact strength of unnotched test specimens of type PK1-B5 Table 29: Determination of the Charpy impact strength of unnotched test specimens of type PK2-B5

[0511] Table 30: Determination of the Charpy impact strength of unnotched test specimens of type PK3-B5 Table 31: Determination of the Charpy impact strength of unnotched test specimens of type PK4-B5

[0512] Table 32: Determination of the Charpy impact strength of unnotched comparative test specimens of type VPK1 -B5 Table 33: Determination of the Charpy impact strength of unnotched reference test specimens of type VPK2-B5

[0513] Table 34: Determination of the Charpy impact strength of unnotched reference test specimens type VPK3-B5 Example B13: Aerobic quantitative disintegration test in compost at room temperature

[0514] The purpose of this test was to evaluate the disintegration of a material at ambient temperature in an 80 / 20 mixture of < 10 mm mature compost and freshly ground vegetable, garden, and fruit waste (VGF). Home composting typically does not reach the high temperatures (> 50°C) achieved in industrial composting processes. Therefore, a material must demonstrate sufficient disintegration at room temperature before it can be approved for home composting.

[0515] Test object

[0516] Test plates of type TESTPLATTE9-B5 (see example B5A above)

[0517] Thickness: 0.40 mm ± 0.02 mm

[0518] Length and width: 2.5 cm each

[0519] Basis weight: 519 g / m 2 ± 14 g / m 2

[0520] Storage conditions: Room temperature in the dark

[0521] Procedure / standards followed

[0522] The test was carried out according to ISO 20200 Plastics - Determination of the degree of degradation of plastics under simulated composting conditions in a laboratory-scale test (2015), with the following deviations from ISO 20200 (2015):

[0523] The test specimen is neither dried nor soaked in distilled water prior to incubation. Incubation takes place at 28°C ± 2°C to simulate home composting conditions.

[0524] Instead of 1 kg of synthetic solid waste per reactor, a mixture of 1 kg of the < 10 mm fraction of mature compost and VGF per reactor was used;

[0525] Once a week, decomposition was visually monitored and humidity conditions were assessed and adjusted if necessary, instead of the monitoring process required by ISO 20200 (2015).

[0526] The compost is not dried before sieving. The dry matter content of the cleaned sample is determined.

[0527] The changes prescribed in the following standard specifications are taken into account:

[0528] AS 5810 Biodegradable plastics - Biodegradable plastics suitable for home composting (2010);

[0529] NF T 51-800 Plastics - Specifications for plastics suitable for home composting (2015).

[0530] Analytical methods:

[0531] Total solids: The total solids content was determined by drying at 105°C for at least 14 hours and weighing. The total solids content is expressed as a percentage of the wet weight.

[0532] Basis weight: After an acclimatization period of 24 hours at 30% relative humidity and 24 hours at 23°C and 50% relative humidity (ISO 187), the basis weight was determined according to ISO 536 Paper and board - Determination of basis weight (2019). Round pieces were cut using an automatic cutting machine and weighed using an analytical balance. pH: The pH was measured using a commercially available pH meter after calibration with standard buffer solutions (pH = 4.00, pH = 7.00, and pH = 10.00). Before inserting the electrode, the sample was diluted with distilled water in a ratio of 5 to 1 (5 parts demineralized water to 1 part sample) and mixed thoroughly.

[0533] Thickness: After an acclimatization period of 24 hours at 23 °C and 50% relative humidity, 10 points on the test specimen were measured. The measurements were performed using a universal table micrometer (accuracy of 0.1 pm) according to ISO 534 Paper and board - Determination of thickness, density, and specific volume (2011).

[0534] Total nitrogen: The determination of total nitrogen after dry combustion was performed using the Dumas method. The sample was weighed in a tin foil. Depending on the matrix, the sample was first dried and / or (cryogenically) ground. The tin foil containing the sample was combusted in a high-temperature furnace at 980 °C with the addition of pure oxygen (O2). The resulting gas mixture, consisting of water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and nitrogen, was passed through a helium carrier gas. The nitrogen oxides were reduced to elemental nitrogen on a copper surface, and the water and carbon dioxide were separated. During the analysis, the carrier gas flowed through the entire system and was continuously measured with a thermal conductivity detector (TOD). At the end of the analysis, however, the TOD measures a mixture of carrier gas and N2.This difference in gas composition creates a measurable voltage difference for the TOD, which was then used to calculate the nitrogen content of the sample.

[0535] Volatile solids / ash: The volatile solids and ash content was determined by heating the dried sample at 550°C for at least 4 hours and weighing. The results are expressed as a percentage of the dry matter.

[0536] Determination of weight: Two types of balances were used during the test. A Sartorius AC 210 S with internal calibration (max. 200 g; d = 0.1 mg) was used for the determination of dry matter and volatiles. A Sartorius CPA 12001 S (max. 12,100 g, d = 0.1 g) was used for weighing the test sample and the various components of the inoculum.

[0537] Experimental setup: Three reactors measuring 30 cm x 20 cm x 13 cm (L, W, H) were used to quantitatively evaluate the disintegration of Otura® Homecompostable oat fiber compound. The reactors contained an 80 / 20 mixture of < 10 mm mature compost and freshly ground vegetable, garden, and fruit waste (VGF), as well as 1.0 wt.% test plates (test item as defined above).

[0538] The mature compost was a mixture of mature VGF (vegetable, garden, and fruit waste) and green compost. The VGF compost was obtained from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste and further stabilized and aerated in a laboratory pilot composting facility under controlled conditions to obtain a fully mature compost. The VGF compost was 18 weeks old. The green compost was obtained from garden waste, tree prunings, tree roots, and tree stumps and stabilized in a large-scale composting facility. The composts were mixed in a ratio of 50% VGF compost and 50% green compost.

[0539] A 1.0% test specimen concentration was used to determine and quantitatively evaluate the decomposition of the test specimen. The exact experimental setup for the quantitative test is shown in Table 35.

[0540] Table 35: Test setup

[0541] Biowaste analyses The characteristics of the inoculum are listed in Table 36. The inoculum was characterized by an optimal C / N ratio and moisture content.

[0542] Table 36: Inoculum characteristics

[0543] Visual perceptions

[0544] During the composting process, the contents of the reactors were mixed weekly, and water was added as needed to ensure optimal humidity conditions. The disintegration of the test panels (test specimens) was carefully monitored throughout the experiment.

[0545] The decomposition of the test plates (test objects) proceeded very rapidly during the test. After just one week of incubation at room temperature, some test plates (test objects) began to disintegrate into pieces of varying sizes, while the majority of the test plates (test objects) remained completely intact. In the following week, the size and presence of the test material in the composting reactors decreased significantly. After two weeks of composting, only a few small pieces of the test plates (test objects) could be removed from the composting reactors. The remaining pieces were found to be fragile. The decomposition progressed, and after just 3.0 weeks of composting (= end of the test), all pieces of the test material had completely disappeared, and no pieces of the test material could be removed from the composting reactors.Since complete disintegration was achieved in the Otura® test panels (test objects), the test was terminated after 3.0 weeks of composting instead of the maximum test duration of 180 days.

[0546] Sieving - Digestion

[0547] At the end of the test (after 3 weeks), the contents of each reactor were sieved with a 2 mm vibrating screen to collect the non-disintegrated test material residues in the > 2 mm fraction. In the three replicates, no test material was present in the > 2 mm fraction. This corresponds to an average disintegration rate of 100.0% for the test panels (test specimens) examined. The comminution rate of the three replicates differed by no more than 20%, thus meeting the validity requirement of ISO 20200 (2015).

[0548] The French standard NF T51-800 Plastics - Specifications for plastics suitable for home composting (2015) and the Australian standard AS 5810 Biodegradable plastics - Biodegradable plastics suitable for home composting (2010) specify that a material has shown sufficient disintegration for home composting if, after 180 days of composting, at least 90% of the test material has been reduced to a size < 2 mm in a quantitative test according to ISO 20200 (2015) at ambient temperature (20°C - 30°C).

[0549] Since complete disintegration was achieved for the test panels (test objects) examined after 3.0 weeks, it can be concluded that the 90% disintegration criterion according to NF T51 -800 (2015) and AS 5810 (2010) was achieved.

[0550] Chemical analyses

[0551] Table 37 shows the results of the chemical analyses at the end of the test. A comparable volatile solids content was measured for the different replicates, and normal pH values ​​were determined. The C / N ratio of the different replicates varied between 7 and 8.

[0552] Table 37: Chemical analysis of the reactor contents after the end of the test

[0553]

[0554] Example 14: Further investigations into composting

[0555] Following the procedure in Example 13 above, the aerobic quantitative disintegration in compost at room temperature of test plates (test objects) of type TESTPLATE1-B5 (cf. Example B5 above) was investigated (thickness: 0.40 mm ± 0.02 mm; length and width: each 2.5 cm; basis weight: 799 g / m 2 ± 14 g / m 2 ). The results showed that the test panels are compostable.

Claims

Patent claims Oat composite article, comprising Polymer material and Oat fibers, wherein the oat composite article is compostable. The oat composite article according to claim 1, wherein the oat composite article is industrially compostable and / or home compostable and / or wherein the oat composite article is recyclable, preferably 100% recyclable. The oat composite article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of: Polyhydroxyalkanoate Polybutylene succinate Polybutylene succinate co-adipate natural resins Strength Cellulose with a lignin content of less than 5% by weight Polybutylene adipate terephthalate Polycaprolactone Polylactide Cellulose acetate Grow and Mixtures thereof, preferably the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of: Polyhydroxyalkanoate Polybutylene succinate Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and Mixtures thereof, particularly preferably the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of: Polyhydroxyalkanoate Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and Mixtures thereof, most preferably the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of: Polyhydroxyalkanoate and Polybutylene succinate co-adipate. Oat composite article according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a lignocellulose content in the range from 60 wt.% to 90 wt.%, preferably in the range from 70 wt.% to 88 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 75 wt.% to 87 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 81 wt.% to 86 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and / or wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a lignin content in the range from 10 wt.% to 30 wt.%, preferably in the range from 11 wt.% to 27.5 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 12 wt.% to 26 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 22 wt.% to 25 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and / or wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a Proportion of hemicellulose in the range of 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%, preferably in the range of 22 wt.-% to 38 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range of 23.5 wt.% to 37.0 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range of 31.5 wt.% to 36.0 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and / or wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a xylose content in the range of 15 wt.% to 31 wt.%, preferably in the range of 17 wt.% to 30 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range of 22 wt.% to 29.9 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range of 27.3 wt.% to 28.9 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and / or wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a arabinose content in the range of 2.6 wt.% to 4.0 wt.%, preferably in the range of 3.1 wt% to 3.9 wt%, particularly preferred. in the range of 3.2 wt.% to 3.8 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and / or wherein in the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article there is a ratio of arabinose to xylose in the range of 0.05 to 0.5, preferably in the range of 0.09 to 0.3, particularly preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.2, and / or wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a mannose content of less than 0.03 wt.%, preferably of less than 0.02 wt.%, particularly preferably of less than 0.01 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and / or wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a p-hydroxybenzaldehyde content in the range of 50 pg g -1 up to 250 pg g -1 preferably in the range of 60 pg g -1 up to 220 pg g -1 particularly preferably in the range of 65 pg g -1 up to 216 pg g-1 most preferably in the range of 190 pg g -1 up to 215 pg g -1 , in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and / or wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a ferulic acid content in the range of 1000 pg g -1 up to 3000 pg g -1 preferably in the range of 1100 pg g -1 up to 2800 pg g -1 particularly preferably in the range of 1300 pg g -1 up to 2700 pg g -1 most preferably in the range of 2300 pg g -1 up to 2600 pg g -1 , in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and / or wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a protein content of less than 3 wt.%, preferably less than 2 wt.%, particularly preferably a proportion of proteins in the range of 1.2 wt.% to 1.6 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and / or wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a proportion of lipids of less than 2 wt.%, preferably less than 1.5 wt.%, particularly preferably a proportion of lipids in the range from 0.8 wt.% to 1.0 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article. Oat composite article according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average length in the range of 100 pm to 300 pm, preferably in the range of 120 pm to 250 pm, particularly preferably in the range of 150 pm to 220 pm, preferably in the range of 190 pm to 200 pm, and / or wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average thickness in the range of 30 pm to 200 pm, preferably in the range of 50 pm to 150 pm, particularly preferably in the range of 90 pm to 130 pm, preferably in the range of 105 pm to 120 pm, and / or wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average convexity in the range of 0.6 to 0.95,preferably in the range of 0.65 to 0.90, particularly preferably in the range of 0.7 to 0.85, and / or wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average shape factor in the range of 1.0 to 1.5, preferably in the range of 1.03 to 1.4, particularly preferably in Range of 1.05 to 1.35, and / or wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average fiber-to-axial ratio in the range of 0.3 to 0.7, preferably in the range of 0.4 to 0.6, particularly preferably in the range of 0.45 to 0.

58.

6. Oat composite article according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the oat composite article the proportion of oat fibers is in the range of 5 wt.% to 45 wt.%, preferably in the range of 10 wt.% to 42 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range of 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%, most preferably in the range of 30 wt.% to 35 wt.%, in each case based on the total mass of the oat composite article.

7. Oat composite article according to one of the preceding claims, additionally comprising one, two, three or more substances, preferably in a combined total proportion of 2 to 5 wt.% based on the total mass of the oat composite article, which are preferably independently selected from the group consisting of: Sugar, Fertilizers, preferably guano, Auxiliaries to improve the flow properties of the molten polymer material, preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries to improve the flow properties of the molten polymer material, Colorants, preferably food colorants, particularly preferably natural food colorants, most particularly preferably natural food colorants selected from the group consisting of: carotenoids, berry colorants, beetroot colorants, carmine, paprika extract and curcumin. Oat composite article according to one of the preceding claims, preferably oat composite molding; wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a melt mass flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2 using method B and using the parameters 190 °C and 5 kg, in the range from 15 g / 10 min to 25 g / 10 min, preferably in the range from 16 g / 10 min to 24 g / 10 min, particularly preferably in the range from 16.5 g / 10 min to 23.8 g / 10 min, and / or wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a melt volume flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2 using method B and using the parameters 190 °C and 5 kg, in the range from 10 cm 3 / 10 min up to 105 cm 3 / 10 min, preferably in the range of 12 cm 3 / 10 min to 104 cm 3 / 10 min, particularly preferably in the range of 13 cm 3 / 10 min to 102 cm 3 / 10 min, and / or wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a density, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 1183-1, in the range of 1.2 g -3 up to 1.5 g -3 preferably in the range of 1.26 g -3 up to 1.4 g -3 , particularly preferably in the range of 1.28 g -3 up to 1.39 g -3 , and / or wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a flexural elastic modulus, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178:2019 with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm / min, in the range from 1500 MPa to 5000 MPa, preferably in the range from 1600 MPa to 4500 MPa, particularly preferably in the range from 1640 MPa to 4300 MPa, and / or wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a tensile strength determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2, in the range of 15 MPa to 30 MPa, preferably in the range of 18 MPa to 27 MPa, particularly preferably in the range of 19 MPa to 26 MPa, and / or wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a tensile elongation determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2, in the range of 0.7% to 3.0%, preferably in the range of 0.8% to 2.8%, particularly preferably in the range of 0.81% to 2.79%, and / or wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a bending stress under conventional deflection, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178, with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm / min, in the range of 30 MPa to 40 MPa, preferably in the range of 34 MPa to 39 MPa, particularly preferably in the Range of 36 MPa to 38 MPa, and / or wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a bending strain at bending strength, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178, with a preload of 0,1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm / min, in the range of 0.5% to 6%, preferably in the range of 1.0% to 5.0%, particularly preferably in the range of 1.4% to 4.5%, and / or wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a Charpy impact strength of the unnotched test specimen, determined according to DIN EN ISO 179-1:2010 using the method ISO 179-1 / 1 eU, in the range of 4 kJ nr, 2 up to 20 kJ nr 2 preferably in the range of 4.1 kJ nr 2 up to 12 kJ nr 2 , particularly preferably in the range of 4.2 kJ rrr 2 up to 11.9 kJ nr 2 . Oat composite article according to one of the preceding claims, preferably oat composite molding, wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a characteristic roasted odor.

10. Oat composite article according to one of the preceding claims, preferably oat composite molded part, wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, complies with the requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No. 10 / 2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food.

11. Oat composite article according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the oat composite article can be stored at temperatures in the range between 0 °C and 25 °C and at a defined air humidity in the range of 0% to 10% relative humidity for a period of at least 12 months, preferably at least 18 months, particularly preferably at least 24 months, most particularly preferably at least 36 months without the formation of mold.

12. Use of an oat composite article selected from the group consisting of: - Oat kom posit, - Oat composite granules, - dried oat composite granules and - Oat composite moulding, for the manufacture of an article selected from the group consisting of: Garden articles, agricultural articles and / or forestry articles, particularly plant pots, browsing protection, weed barriers and silage films, Signage, in particular signage for use not designed for a period of more than 2 months, Disposable tableware and cutlery, in particular disposable bowls, disposable plates, lids for disposable coffee cups, disposable cups for cold drinks, disposable cups for hot drinks, disposable knives, disposable forks, disposable tablespoons, disposable coffee spoons, disposable stirrers, disposable chopsticks, Disposable straws, Reusable tableware and reusable cutlery, in particular reusable bowls, reusable plates, lids for reusable coffee cups, reusable cups for cold drinks, reusable cups for hot drinks, reusable knives, reusable forks, reusable tablespoons, reusable coffee spoons, reusable stirrers, reusable chopsticks, Reusable straws, beach toys, Carrier bags and Disposable packaging, preferably disposable packaging for food, in particular coffee capsules and films for packaging fruit. Use of oat fibers for producing an oat composite article, preferably for producing an oat composite article according to one of claims 1 to 11. Use of a polymer material selected from the group consisting of: polyhydroxyalkanoate, Polybutylene succinate, Polybutylene succinate co-adipate, natural resins, Strength, Cellulose with a lignin content of less than 5% by weight, polybutylene adipate terephthalate, Polycaprolactone, Polylactides, Cellulose acetate, Grow and Mixtures thereof; preferably selected from the group consisting of: polyhydroxyalkanoate, Polybutylene succinate, Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and Mixtures thereof; particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of: polyhydroxyalkanoate, Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and Mixtures thereof; most preferably selected from the group consisting of: Polyhydroxyalkanoate and Polybutylene succinate co-adipate; for producing an oat composite article, preferably for producing an oat composite article according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

15. A method for producing an oat composite article selected from the group consisting of: - Oat composite - Oat composite granules - dried oat composite granules and - Oat composite molding with the following steps to produce the article: Manufacturing or providing a polymer material and spatially separated from it Oat fiber Melting the manufactured or provided polymer material to produce a molten polymer material Compounding the molten polymer material with at least the produced or provided oat fibers in a predetermined proportion to result in the oat composite.

16. A method according to claim 15 for producing an article selected from the group consisting of: Oat composite granules dried oat composite granules and - Oat composite molding with the following steps to produce the article: Producing an oat composite according to a method according to claim 15 Granulating the oat composite to produce oat composite granules. A method according to claim 16 for producing an article selected from the group consisting of: - dried oat composite granules and - Oat composite molding with the following steps to produce the article: Producing an oat composite granulate according to a method according to claim 16 Drying the oat composite granules to produce dried oat composite granules, preferably dried oat composite granules with a moisture content of less than 12%, particularly preferably dried oat composite granules with a moisture content of less than 10%, most particularly preferably dried oat composite granules with a moisture content of less than 9%. A method according to any one of the preceding claims 16 to 17 for producing an oat composite molded article, comprising the following steps for producing the article: Producing an oat composite granulate according to a method according to claim 16 and / or producing a dried oat composite granulate according to a method according to claim 17, preferably producing a dried oat composite granulate according to a method according to claim 17 Melting the oat composite granules and / or the dried oat composite granules, preferably melting the dried oat composite granules, so that molten oat composite results Injection molding of the molten oat composite to produce an oat composite molded part. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 15 to 18, wherein the compounding takes place in a temperature range of 180°C to 230°C, preferably in a temperature range of 185°C to 220°C, particularly preferably in a temperature range of 188°C to 215°C, most particularly preferably in a temperature range of 190°C to 210°C, and / or wherein the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of: polyhydroxyalkanoate, Polybutylene succinate, Polybutylene succinate co-adipate, natural resins, Strength, Cellulose with a lignin content of less than 5% by weight, polybutylene adipate terephthalate, Polycaprolactone, Polylactides, Cellulose acetate, Grow and Mixtures thereof; preferably selected from the group consisting of: polyhydroxyalkanoate, Polybutylene succinate, Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and Mixtures thereof; particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of: polyhydroxyalkanoate, Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and Mixtures thereof; most preferably selected from the group consisting of: Polyhydroxyalkanoate and Polybutylene succinate co-adipate. Process according to one of the preceding claims 18 to 19 for producing an oat composite molding, wherein the melting and processing during injection molding takes place up to immediately before contact with a mold and / or a water bath in a temperature range of 80°C to 230°C, preferably in a temperature range of 100°C to 220°C, particularly preferably in a temperature range of 110°C to 210°C, most preferably in a temperature range of 120°C to 200°C, and / or during injection molding, the mold immediately before contact with the molten oat composite has a temperature in the range of 15°C to 50°C, preferably a temperature in the range of 20°C to 40°C, particularly preferably a temperature in the range of 25°C to 38°C, most preferably a temperature in the range of 30°C to 35°C. Method according to one of the preceding claims 15 to 20 for producing an oat composite article, comprising the following steps: Providing oat hulls and / or oat husks; Cleaning the oat shells and / or oat husks to produce cleaned oat shells and / or cleaned oat husks; Drying the cleaned oat shells and / or the cleaned oat husks to result in dried cleaned oat shells and / or dried cleaned oat husks; Grinding the dried cleaned oat hulls and / or the dried cleaned oat husks to produce ground oat hulls and / or ground oat husks; Sieving the ground oat hulls and / or the ground oat husks to result in oat fibers and a residue in the sieve. A process for producing an oat composite article according to claim 21, wherein the cleaning of the oat hulls and / or oat husks is carried out at least partially by boiling in water at 100°C and subsequent pressing, and / or wherein the drying is carried out as indirect drying, preferably as indirect drying on a belt dryer or in a drying cabinet, preferably on a belt dryer, and / or wherein the drying is carried out such that the resulting dried cleaned oat hulls and / or dried cleaned oat husks have a water content of less than 7 wt.%, preferably less than 6 wt.%, particularly preferably less than 5 wt.%, most preferably less than 4 wt.%, and / or wherein the dried cleaned oat hulls and / or dried cleaned oat husks used in the grinding have a water content of less than 7 wt.%, preferably less than 6 wt.%, particularly preferably less than 5 wt.%, most preferably less than 4 wt.% at the start of the grinding.-%, and / or wherein the grinding is carried out with an impact disk mill, preferably the grinding is carried out with an impact disk mill at a temperature of 75°C, particularly preferably at a temperature of 75°C and with a residence time of 1 minute, and / or wherein a sieve with a mesh size of 300 micrometers or less, preferably of 200 micrometers or less, particularly preferably of 160 micrometers or less, most preferably of 120 micrometers is used when sieving the ground oat hulls and / or the ground oat husks. Process for producing an oat composite article according to one of the preceding claims 15 to 22, wherein:. the compounding takes place exclusively between the polymer material and the oat fibers, without the addition of further substances, so that the resulting oat composite consists exclusively of the polymer material produced or provided and the oat fibers produced or provided; or in addition to the oat fibers produced or provided, further substances are added to the molten polymer material as additives, which are also present during the subsequent compounding, preferably these further substances are selected as additives from the group consisting of: Sugar, Fertilizers, preferably guano, Auxiliaries to improve the flow properties of the molten polymer material, preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries to improve the flow properties of the molten polymer material, Dyes, preferably food dyes, particularly preferably natural food dyes, most particularly preferably natural food dyes selected from the group consisting of: carotenoids, berry dyes, beetroot dyes, carmine, paprika extract, and curcumin. A method for producing an oat composite article according to any one of the preceding claims 15 to 23, wherein: the compounding takes place exclusively between the polymer material and the oat fibers, without the addition of further substances, so that the resulting oat composite consists exclusively of the polymer material produced or provided and the oat fibers produced or provided; and when compounding the molten polymer material with the produced or provided oat fibers in a predetermined quantitative ratio so that the oat composite results, the predetermined quantitative ratio is selected such that it corresponds to a proportion of oat fibers of 5 wt.% to 45 wt.%, preferably to a proportion of oat fibers of 10 wt.% to 42 wt.%, particularly preferably to a proportion of 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%, very particularly preferably to a proportion of 30 wt.% to 35 wt.%, in each case based on the combined total mass of the molten polymer material used in the compounding and the oat fibers used in the compounding.n according to one of the preceding claims 15 to 23, wherein: in addition to the oat fibers produced or provided, one, two, three or more further substances are added as additives to the molten polymer material, which are also present during the subsequent compounding, preferably these one, two, three or more further substances are selected as additives from the group consisting of:. Sugar, Fertilizers, preferably guano, Auxiliaries to improve the flow properties of the molten polymer material, preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries to improve the flow properties of the molten polymer material, Dyes, preferably food dyes, particularly preferably natural food dyes, most preferably natural food dyes selected from the group consisting of: carotenoids, berry dyes, beetroot dyes, carmine, paprika extract and curcumin; and When compounding the molten polymer material with at least the produced or provided oat fibers in a predetermined ratio to result in the oat composite, the predetermined ratio is selected such that it corresponds to a proportion of oat fibers of 5 wt.% to 45 wt.%, preferably a proportion of oat fibers of 10 wt.% to 42 wt.%, particularly preferably a proportion of 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%, very particularly preferably a proportion of 30 wt.% to 35 wt.%, in each case based on the combined total mass of the molten polymer material used in the compounding and the oat fibers used in the compounding. Method according to one of the preceding claims 15 to 25, wherein the polymer material used to produce an oat composite article has a density, determined according to method A of ISO 1183-1, in the range of 1 g 3 up to 2 g 3preferably has a density in the range of 1 ,0 g ern 3 up to 1.6 g 3 , particularly preferably a density in the range of 1.1 g 3 up to 1.3 g 3 , most preferably a density in the range of 1 .23 g ern 3 up to 1.26 g 3 , and / or a melt mass flow rate, determined according to ISO 1 133-2 using method B and using the parameters 190 °C and 5 kg, in the range of 2 g / 10 min to 50 g / 10 min, preferably in the range of 2.5 g / 10 min to 35 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range of 3.0 g / 10 min to 32 g / 10 min, most preferably in the range of 3.8 g / 10 min to 30 g / 10 min, and / or a melting point, determined according to ISO 3146, in the range of 70 °C to 140 °C, preferably in the range of 75 °C to 120 °C, more preferably in the range of 78 °C to 88 °C, most preferably in the range of 83 °C to 85 °C. Method according to one of the preceding claims 15 to 26, wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a lignocellulose content in the range from 60 wt.% to 90 wt.%, preferably in the range from 70 wt.% to 88 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 75 wt.% to 87 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 81 wt.% to 86 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and / or wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a lignin content in the range from 10 wt.% to 30 wt.%, preferably in the range from 11 wt.% to 27.5 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 12 wt.% to 26 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 22 wt.% to 25 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and / or wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a lignin content in the range from Hemicellulose in the range of 20 wt% to 40 wt.-%, preferably in the range of 22 wt.% to 38 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range of 23.5 wt.% to 37.0 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range of 31.5 wt.% to 36.0 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and / or wherein the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article has a xylose content in the range of 15 wt.% to 31 wt.%, preferably in the range of 17 wt.% to 30 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range of 22 wt.% to. 29.9 wt.%, most preferably in the range of 27.3 wt.% to 28.9 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat fibers used, and / or wherein the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article has a proportion of arabinose in the range of 2.6 wt.% to 4.0 wt.%, preferably in the range of 3.1 wt.- % to 3.9 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range of 3.2 wt.% to 3.8 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat fibers used, and / or wherein in the hemicellulose of the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article there is a ratio of arabinose to xylose in the range of 0.05 to 0.5, preferably in the range of 0.09 to 0.3, particularly preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.2, and / or wherein the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article has a mannose content of less than 0.03 wt.%, preferably less than 0.02 wt.%, particularly preferably less than 0.01 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat fibers used, and / or wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a p-hydroxybenzaldehyde content in the range of 50 pg g -1 up to 250 pg g-1 preferably in the range of 60 pg g -1 up to 220 pg g -1 particularly preferably in the range of 65 pg g -1 up to 216 pg g -1 most preferably in the range of 190 pg g -1 up to 215 pg g -1 , in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and / or wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a ferulic acid content in the range of 1000 pg g -1 up to 3000 pg g -1 preferably in the range of 1100 pg g -1 up to 2800 pg g -1 particularly preferably in the range of 1300 pg g -1 up to 2700 pg g -1 most preferably in the range of 2300 pg g -1 up to 2600 pg g -1 , each based on the dry mass of the oat fibres used, and / or wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a protein content of less than 3% by weight, preferably less than 2% by weight, particularly preferably a protein content in the range from 1.2% by weight to 1.6% by weight, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and / or wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a lipid content of less than 2% by weight, preferably less than 1.5% by weight, particularly preferably a lipid content in the range from 0.8% by weight to 1.0% by weight, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used.Method according to one of the preceding claims 15 to 27, wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average length in the range of 100 pm to 300 pm, preferably in the range of 120 pm to 250 pm, particularly preferably in the range of 150 pm to 220 pm, preferably in the range of 190 pm to 200 pm, and / or wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average thickness in the range of. 30 pm to 200 pm, preferably in the range of 50 pm to 150 pm, particularly preferably in the range of 90 pm to 130 pm, preferably in the range of 105 pm to 120 pm, and / or wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average convexity in the range of 0.6 to 0.95, preferably in the range of 0.65 to 0.90, particularly preferably in the range of 0.7 to 0.85, and / or wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average shape factor in the range from 1.0 to 1.5, preferably in the range from 1.03 to 1.4, particularly preferably in the range from 1.05 to 1.35, and / or wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average feretaxial ratio in the range from 0.3 to 0.7, preferably in the range from 0.4 to 0.6, particularly preferably in the range from 0.45 to 0.

58. Kit for producing an oat composite article, at least comprising as spatially separately arranged components: a polymer material, preferably a polymer material selected from the group consisting of: Polyhydroxyalkanoate Polybutylene succinate Polybutylene succinate co-adipate natural resins Strength Cellulose with a lignin content of less than 5% by weight Polybutylene adipate terephthalate Polycaprolactone Polylactide Cellulose acetate Waxes and Mixtures thereof, preferably selected from the group consisting of: Polyhydroxyalkanoate Polybutylene succinate Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and Mixtures thereof, particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of: Polyhydroxyalkanoate Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and Mixtures thereof, most preferably selected from the group consisting of: Polyhydroxyalkanoate and Polybutylene succinate co-adipate and Oat fiber.

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