Cereal composite article, in particular oat composite article, corresponding uses, method and kit

Abstract

A cereal composite article, in particular oat composite article comprising - polymer material and - cereal fibers, in particular oat fibers.

Description

[0001] Cereal composite articles, in particular oat composite articles, corresponding uses, processes and kit

[0002] The present invention relates to a cereal composite article, in particular an oat composite article, comprising polymer material and cereal fibers, preferably oat fibers. Further details of the cereal composite article according to the invention, in particular an oat composite article, can be found in the appended claims and the following description. The present invention also relates to the use of an oat composite article for producing an article. The present invention also relates to the use of oat fibers for producing an oat composite article. The present invention also relates to the use of a polymer material for producing an oat composite article. The present invention further relates to a method for producing an oat composite article. The present invention also relates to a kit for producing an oat composite article.The details can be found in the attached patent claims and the following description.

[0003] The present invention lies in the technical field of biocomposites. Biocomposites are already known in the prior art. Document EP 3 176 110 A1 discloses a biomaterial or biocomposite based on sunflower seed shells / hulls, wherein sunflower seed shell / hull material is compounded with plastic material.

[0004] Document EP 0 976 790 A1 discloses a process for producing a composite material in which a material comprising vegetable fibers is subjected to at least one pretreatment step and is then used in at least one thermoplastic process step.

[0005] Document US 5,663,221 discloses a process for producing medium-density sheets from sunflower seed shells.

[0006] Document EP 3 720 911 B1 discloses a wood-plastic composite composition comprising: at least one wood component, at least one thermoplastic polymer, wax hydrocarbons, oxidized hydrocarbons consisting of (modified) hydrocarbons having at least one of hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxylate and lactone group, wherein the mixture consisting of the wax hydrocarbons and the oxidized hydrocarbons is a wax composition with a defined dynamic viscosity, a defined content of molecules in which the hydrocarbon chain is linear, a defined freezing point according to ASTM D 938, a defined content of oxidized hydrocarbons, a defined acid number according to ASTM D 1386 and wherein wax hydrocarbons are a Fischer-Tropsch wax and the oxidized hydrocarbons originate from an oxidation of a Fischer-Tropsch wax.

[0007] Document EP 2 621 979 B1 discloses a biocomposite board comprising at least one natural fiber and at least one thermosetting biopolymer including a furan resin.

[0008] Glass fiber-reinforced plastics are also known from the prior art. WO2020212186A1 also discloses a method for recycling glass fiber-reinforced plastics.

[0009] The biocomposites known from the prior art have numerous disadvantages and deficiencies, which are regularly perceived as problematic in the field of the present invention. In the field of the present invention, there is a great need for biocomposites with properties and combinations of properties that are perceived as advantageous in the field of the present invention, which are produced in the most resource-efficient manner and with the use of as little energy as possible. There is a need for such biocomposites whose ingredients are produced entirely from renewable raw materials and which have properties and / or combinations of properties that are perceived as advantageous in the field of the present invention.

[0010] There is a need for biocomposites that are weather-resistant over extended periods, especially beyond 10 years. There is also a need for weather-resistant biocomposites that are recyclable.

[0011] In the field of the present invention, there is also a need for biocomposites that can be colored with positive results, particularly in light colors such as yellow. Coloring biocomposites with light colors such as yellow is generally not possible with satisfactory results in the field of the present invention.

[0012] The biocomposites known from the prior art each have colors that are often perceived as aesthetically problematic in the field of the present invention. Therefore, there is a particular need for biocomposites with colors that are perceived as aesthetically advantageous, especially for biocomposites with advantageously bright colors and good printability. It is desirable in the field of the present invention that these properties be achieved without the need for complex processing steps and / or without the biocomposites being treated and / or admixed with chemicals that are perceived as ecologically or climatically harmful.

[0013] The prior art also requires biocomposites that can be stored in granulated form for extended periods, at least for periods and under conditions that are common in the field of plastics processing. The biocomposite granules known from the prior art often tend to form mold during storage under the storage conditions common in the field of plastics processing; such mold formation is highly undesirable in the field of the present invention. The field of the present invention requires biocomposites that do not have an inherent odor that is perceived as unpleasant. The biocomposites known from the prior art frequently have an inherent odor that is perceived as unpleasant in the field of the present invention.In particular, there is a need for biocomposites that have an inherent odor that is perceived as pleasant by humans or that do not have an inherent odor that is perceived by humans.

[0014] The biocomposites known from the state of the art regularly have unfavorable properties with regard to the following parameters:

[0015] Melt mass flow rate, determined according to ISO 1 133-2,

[0016] Melt volume flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2,

[0017] Density, determined according to DIN EN ISO 1 183-1 ,

[0018] Flexural modulus of elasticity, determined according to method A DIN EN ISO 178:2019 with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm / min,

[0019] Tensile strength, determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2,

[0020] Tensile elongation, determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2,

[0021] Bending stress under conventional deflection, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178,

[0022] Flexural elongation at flexural strength, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178, and

[0023] Charpy impact strength, determined on the unnotched test specimen, determined according to DIN EN ISO 179-1.

[0024] In the case of biocomposites known from the state of the art, the combination of some or all of the aforementioned parameters is often not sufficiently positive. Therefore, there is a need for particularly positive expressions of individual, several, or all of the aforementioned parameters in a single biocomposite. There is also a need for biocomposites that are suitable for packaging and / or processing food and are approved for this use in the European Union.

[0025] In the case of the biocomposites known from the prior art, the manufacturing process for the biogenic fibers used in production is regularly so time-consuming and / or requires little equipment that this is perceived as a disadvantage in the field of the present invention. There is therefore a need for biocomposites whose fiber content can be provided with little equipment and time expenditure. In particular, there is also a need for biocomposites whose fiber content can be provided in an energy-efficient and resource-saving manner. In particular, there is a need for biocomposites whose extraction from natural resources has no adverse effects on food production. In the field of the present invention, the use of biogenic fibers in the production of which land is then used which is not simultaneously available for food production is increasingly perceived as problematic.

[0026] The biocomposites known from the prior art are often not usable in conventional plastics processing systems because, for example, they are not sufficiently temperature-resistant and / or their flowability is not within an acceptable range at the temperatures typically found in plastics processing systems. Therefore, there is a need in the field of the present invention for biocomposites that can be used in conventional plastics processing systems. In particular, there is a need in the field of the present invention for biocomposites that can be processed using injection molding and / or compression molding. There is a particular need for biocomposites that are suitable for processing in conventional injection molding systems without the need for equipment modifications.There is also a particular need for biocomposites that are suitable for processing in conventional plastics compression molding machines without requiring equipment modifications. There is also a particular need for biocomposites that are suitable for processing in conventional plastics thermoforming processes. There is also a particular need for biocomposites that are suitable for processing into films, particularly films suitable for use as food packaging.

[0027] In the field of the present invention, there is a need for biocomposites that exhibit particularly positive properties with regard to oxygen permeability and / or water vapor permeability. In particular, there is a need for biocomposites that exhibit particularly positive properties with regard to both oxygen permeability and water vapor permeability.

[0028] The current state of the art also indicates a need for manufacturing processes for biocomposites that meet as many of the aforementioned requirements as possible without requiring the addition of additional substances in addition to the fiber and polymer components to meet the aforementioned requirements. In the field of the present technology, the addition of additives is often associated with an undesirably high level of effort and regularly leads to an undesirably high environmental impact, namely due to the manufacturing process itself, the packaging required, and the transport of the additives.

[0029] Further objects underlying the invention and advantages associated with the invention will become apparent from the following description and the appended claims.

[0030] The invention is defined in the claims and further explained by the description, which also defines preferred embodiments.

[0031] The present invention relates, in its categories, to a cereal composite article, in particular an oat composite article, a use of an oat composite article, a use of oat fibers for producing an oat composite article, a use of a polymer material for producing an oat composite article, a method for producing an oat composite article and a kit for producing an oat composite article.

[0032] Embodiments, aspects or properties that are described or described as preferred in connection with one of these categories also apply accordingly or mutatis mutandis to the other categories, and vice versa.

[0033] Unless otherwise stated, preferred aspects or embodiments of the invention and its various categories can be combined with other aspects or embodiments of the invention and its various categories, in particular with other preferred aspects or embodiments. The combination of respectively preferred aspects or embodiments with each other in turn results in preferred aspects or embodiments of the invention. According to a primary aspect of the present invention, the above-mentioned objects and problems are solved in whole or in part by a cereal composite article, in particular an oat composite article, comprising

[0034] Polymer material, preferably biopolymer material and

[0035] Cereal fiber, preferably oat fiber.

[0036] For the purposes of this text, the term "biocomposite" refers to composite materials that contain natural fibers as a first material and polymers, bonded to them by a material or form fit, or a combination of both, as a second material. A biocomposite may also comprise other materials or substances.

[0037] In the context of this text, the term "composite material" is understood, in accordance with the usual understanding of the person skilled in the art, to mean a material made of two or more bonded materials, wherein the two or more bonded materials are joined together by means of a material connection or a form fit or a combination of both.

[0038] For the purposes of this text, the term "grain composite" refers to composite materials that contain grain fibers, particularly oat fibers, as a first material and, bonded to them by a material or form fit, or a combination of both, polymers as a second material. Grain composites can also include other materials or substances. For the purposes of this text, the term "grain composite" is encompassed by the term "biocomposite."

[0039] In this text, the term "oat composite" refers to composite materials that contain at least oat fibers as a first material and, bonded to them by material or form fit, or a combination of both, polymers as a second material. Oat composite can also comprise other materials or substances. In this text, the term "oat composite" is encompassed by the term "biocomposite." In this text, the term "oat composite" is encompassed by the term "grain composite." In this text, the term "grain composite granules" refers to a large number of particles consisting of grain composite, whereby the individual particles of the grain composite granules have an average diameter in the range of a few millimeters to a few centimeters. Grain composite granules are pourable.If the "grain composite granules" are subjected to a drying process after production, the result is "dried grain composite granules." Dried grain composite granules are also pourable.

[0040] For the purposes of this text, the term "oat composite granules" refers to a multitude of particles consisting of oat composite, with the individual particles of the oat composite granules having an average diameter ranging from a few millimeters to a few centimeters. Oat composite granules are free-flowing. If the "oat composite granules" are subjected to a drying process after production, the result is "dried oat composite granules." Dried oat composite granules are also free-flowing.

[0041] The term “cereal composite article” in the context of the present invention includes the terms “cereal composite”, “cereal composite granules”, “dried cereal composite granules” and “cereal composite molded part” and in particular also the term “oat composite article” and thus the terms “oat composite”, “oat composite granules”, “dried oat composite granules” and “oat composite molded part”.

[0042] In the context of the present invention, the “cereal composite article” is particularly preferably an oat composite article.

[0043] The term “oat composite article” in the context of the present invention includes the terms “oat composite”, “oat composite granules”, “dried oat composite granules” and “oat composite molded part”.

[0044] In the context of the present invention, it is particularly preferred in very many cases that no fibers from other cereals are present in an oat composite article in addition to oat fibers.

[0045] In the context of the present invention, the term "polymer" is understood, in accordance with the common understanding of the skilled person, to mean a molecule with a high relative molecular mass, whose structure essentially comprises the multiple repetition of molecular units that are conceptually or actually derived from molecules of lower relative molecular mass. In the context of the present invention, molecules with a high relative molecular mass are understood to mean molecules in which the addition or removal of one of the aforementioned units has no relevant effect on the molecular behavior.

[0046] In the context of the present invention, the term “biopolymer” refers to polymers that are made from renewable raw materials.

[0047] In the context of the present invention, the term “polymer material” refers to a material which essentially consists of polymer and / or biopolymer.

[0048] In the context of the present invention, the term “biopolymer material” refers to a material which essentially consists of biopolymer.

[0049] In this text, the term "compounding" refers to the joining, by means of a material or form fit, or a combination of both, of a polymer material on the one hand and natural fibers on the other. Compounding may also include other substances as additives (e.g., fillers and / or additives).

[0050] The term “cereals” refers to the mostly annual plants of the grass family (“Poaceae”) and their grains, which are cultivated for their grains, in particular plants and grains of the hulled cereals einkorn, emmer, kamut, barley, millet, spelt and oats are referred to as cereals in the context of the present invention.

[0051] In the context of the present invention, the term “oats” refers to plants of the genus “Avena” from the family of “grasses” (“Poaceae”).

[0052] In the context of the present invention, the term "cereal fibers" refers to fibers obtained from parts of cereals, in particular the hulled cereals einkorn, emmer, kamut, barley, millet, spelt, and / or oats, through a comminution process. In the context of the present invention, the term "cereal fibers" encompasses the terms "cereal hull fibers" and "cereal hull fibers," as well as, in particular, the terms "oat hull fibers" and "oat hull fibers." In the context of the present invention, the term "oat fibers" refers to fibers obtained from parts of oats through a comminution process. In the context of the present invention, the term "oat fibers" encompasses the terms "oat hull fibers" and "oat hull fibers."

[0053] In the context of this text, the term “cereal husk fibres” is understood to mean a product that consists predominantly of parts of the lemma (“palea inferior”) of cereals, in particular oats, and parts of the palea (“palea superior 3 ') of cereals, in particular oats.

[0054] In the context of this text, the term “oat hull fibres” refers to a product that consists predominantly of parts of the lemma (“palea inferior”) of oats and parts of the palea (“palea superior”) of oats. 3 ') of oats.

[0055] In the context of this text, the term “cereal hull fibres” refers to a product that consists predominantly of parts of the epidermis, fruit hull, seed hull and aleurone layer of cereals, in particular oats.

[0056] In the context of this text, the term “oat hull fiber” refers to a product that consists predominantly of parts of the epidermis, fruit husk, seed coat and aleurone layer of oats.

[0057] In many cases, it is preferred if the cereal composite article according to the invention, in particular the oat composite article, consists exclusively of polymer material and cereal fibers, in particular oat fibers. In other cases, it is equally preferred if the cereal composite article, in particular the oat composite article, contains other substances in addition to the components of polymer material and cereal fibers, in particular oat fibers.

[0058] In many cases, oat fibers are used as cereal fibers, preferably oat hull fibers and / or oat hull fibers, particularly preferably oat hull fibers and oat hull fibers.

[0059] The cereal composite article according to the invention, in particular oat composite article, is characterized in particular by the advantageous combination of properties with regard to melt mass flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2, flexural elastic modulus, determined according to method A DIN EN ISO 178:2019 with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm / min, tensile elongation, determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2 and Charpy impact strength, determined on the unnotched test specimen, determined according to DIN EN ISO 179-1.

[0060] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the oat composite article is recyclable, preferably 100% recyclable.

[0061] An oat composite article is recyclable if it can be recycled to produce a recyclate that can replace a virgin product, a virgin material or a virgin substance in a production process.

[0062] An oat composite article is 100% recyclable if 100% by weight of its components can be used to produce recycled material that can be used to replace a brand-new product, a brand-new material and / or a brand-new substance in a production process.

[0063] In many cases, an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred) is preferred, wherein the oat composite article is recyclable, preferably 100% recyclable.

[0064] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of:

[0065] Polyethylene (PE)

[0066] Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

[0067] Polystyrene (PS),

[0068] Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), styrene acrylonitrile (SAN) polyurethane (PU)

[0069] Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

[0070] Polypropylene (PP)

[0071] Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)

[0072] Polyamide (PA)

[0073] Polyoxymethylene (POM)

[0074] Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)

[0075] Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) Perfluoro Alkoxyalkane Copolymer (PFA) Tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene (FEP) Tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro-methyl vinyl ether (MFA) Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Polyetherimide (PEI) Polyethersulfone (PES)

[0076] - Polysulfone (PSU)

[0077] Polyphenyl sulfide (PPS)

[0078] Polyphenyl oxide (PPO) Polycarbonate (PC) and

[0079] Mixtures thereof, preferably the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of: Polyethylene (PE) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Polyurethane (PU) and

[0080] Mixtures of them.

[0081] In many cases, it is particularly preferred if a biopolymer material is selected as the polymer material. Those skilled in the art distinguish between a biopolymer and a petrochemical-based polymer, for example, using carbon dating.

[0082] With the above-mentioned polymer materials, the oat composite articles have particularly positive properties depending on the needs of the individual case and represent particularly advantageous solutions for the above-mentioned tasks and problems. For individual polymer materials defined above, it is known to the person skilled in the art that they can be used as a mixture with one or more other polymer materials defined above in order to achieve particularly positive properties.

[0083] In many cases, it is preferred that the oat composite article according to the invention contains polyethylene (PE) as the polymer material. In many cases, it is preferred that the oat composite article according to the invention contains polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as the polymer material.

[0084] In many cases, it is preferred that the oat composite article according to the invention contains polystyrene (PS) as polymer material.

[0085] In many cases, it is preferred that the oat composite article according to the invention contains acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) as the polymer material.

[0086] In many cases, it is preferred that the oat composite article according to the invention contains styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) as polymer material.

[0087] In many cases, it is preferred that the oat composite article according to the invention contains polyurethane (PU) as the polymer material.

[0088] In many cases, it is preferred that the oat composite article according to the invention contains polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as the polymer material.

[0089] In many cases, it is preferred that the oat composite article according to the invention contains polypropylene (PP) as the polymer material.

[0090] In many cases, it is preferred that the oat composite article according to the invention contains polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as polymer material.

[0091] In many cases, it is preferred that the oat composite article according to the invention contains polyamide (PA) as polymer material.

[0092] In many cases, it is preferred that the oat composite article according to the invention contains polyoxymethylene (POM) as polymer material.

[0093] In many cases, it is preferred that the oat composite article according to the invention contains polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as the polymer material.

[0094] In many cases, it is preferred that the oat composite article according to the invention contains polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as the polymer material.

[0095] In many cases, it is preferred that the oat composite article according to the invention contains ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) as polymer material.

[0096] In many cases, it is preferred that the oat composite article according to the invention contains perfluoroalkoxyalkane copolymer (PFA) as polymer material.

[0097] In many cases, it is preferred that the oat composite article according to the invention contains tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene (FEP) as polymer material.

[0098] In many cases, it is preferred that the oat composite article according to the invention contains tetrafluoroethylene perfluoromethyl vinyl ether (MFA) as polymer material.

[0099] In many cases, it is preferred that the oat composite article according to the invention contains polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as polymer material.

[0100] In many cases, it is preferred that the oat composite article according to the invention contains polyetherimide (PEI) as the polymer material. In many cases, it is preferred that the oat composite article according to the invention contains polyethersulfone (PES) as the polymer material.

[0101] In many cases, it is preferred that the oat composite article according to the invention contains polysulfone (PSU) as polymer material.

[0102] In many cases, it is preferred that the oat composite article according to the invention contains polyphenyl sulfide (PPS) as polymer material.

[0103] In many cases, it is preferred that the oat composite article according to the invention contains polyphenyl oxide (PPO) as polymer material.

[0104] In many cases, it is preferred that the oat composite article according to the invention contains polycarbonate (PC) as the polymer material.

[0105] In each case, the skilled person chooses, based on the requirements of the individual case, whether the aforementioned polymer materials are used individually or in a resulting combination. If the skilled person decides to use one of the resulting combinations as the polymer material in the oat composite article, they independently determine the mixing ratio according to the respective requirements of the individual case. To select the mixing ratios, the skilled person may conduct simple optimization experiments, as is customary in the field of the present invention.

[0106] Oat composite articles made with the aforementioned polymer materials possess particularly positive properties and property combinations regarding recyclability, good printability, and a perceived advantageous Charpy impact strength determined on the unnotched specimen according to DIN EN ISO 179-1. In addition, corresponding oat composite articles exhibit a coloring that is perceived as particularly aesthetically pleasing. In particular, corresponding oat composite articles exhibit temperature resistance and flow properties, which make them suitable for processing in conventional plastics processing equipment, especially injection molding and compression molding.

[0107] In many cases, an oat composite article is preferred whose wall thickness is in the range of 0.5 mm to 3 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.7 mm to 2.7 mm, most preferably in the range of 0.8 mm to 2.5 mm.

[0108] With the wall thicknesses defined above, the effects and advantages explained in connection with the oat composite article according to the invention are realized in many cases, in particular in particularly advantageous combinations and / or to a particularly positive extent. The present invention, with its various aspects, relates in particular and preferably to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a lignocellulose content in the range from 60 wt.% to 90 wt.%, preferably in the range from 70 wt.% to 88 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 75 wt.% to 87 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 81 wt.% to 86 wt.-%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a lignin content in the range from 10 wt.% to 30 wt.%, preferably in the range from 11 wt.% to 27.5 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 12 wt.% to 26 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 22 wt.% to 25 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a hemicellulose content in the range from 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%, preferably in the range from 22 wt.% to 38 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 23.5 wt.% to 37.0 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 31.5 wt.% to 36.0 wt.-%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a xylose content in the range from 15 wt.% to 31 wt.%, preferably in the range from 17 wt.% to 30 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 22 wt.% to 29.9 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 27.3 wt.% to 28.9 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and / or, preferably “and wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a arabinose content in the range from 2.6 wt.% to 4.0 wt.%, preferably in the range from 3.1 wt.% to 3.9 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 3.2 wt.% to 3.8 wt.-%, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a ratio of arabinose to xylose in the range from 0.05 to 0.5, preferably in the range from 0.09 to 0.3, particularly preferably in the range from 0.1 to 0.2, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a mannose content of less than 0.03 wt.%, preferably less than 0.02 wt.%, particularly preferably less than 0.01 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a p-hydroxybenzaldehyde content in the range from 50 pg g. -1 up to 250 pg g -1 preferably in the range of 60 pg g -1 up to 220 pg g -1 particularly preferably in the range of 65 pg g -1up to 216 pg g -1 most preferably in the range of 190 pg g -1 up to 215 pg g -1 , in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a ferulic acid content in the range of 1000 pg g -1 up to 3000 pg g -1 preferably in the range of 1100 pg g -1 up to 2800 pg g -1 particularly preferably in the range of 1300 pg g -1 up to 2700 pg g -1 most preferably in the range of 2300 pg g -1 up to 2600 pg g -1, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibres present in the oat composite article, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibres present in the oat composite article have a protein content of less than 3 wt.%, preferably less than 2 wt.%, particularly preferably a protein content in the range from 1.2 wt.% to 1.6 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibres present in the oat composite article, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibres present in the oat composite article have a lipid content of less than 2 wt.%, preferably less than 1.5 wt.%, particularly preferably a lipid content in the range from 0.8 wt.% to 1.0 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibres present in the oat composite article.

[0109] The text “and / or, preferably “and”” in this text means that either an “and” connection or an “or” connection is present, whereby it is preferred in each case that an “and” connection is present.

[0110] The dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article refers to the total dry mass of all oat fibers present in the respective oat composite article.

[0111] In many cases, it is preferred that the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article does not contain any mannose at all.

[0112] A proportion of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde of 1 pg g -1 means that one microgram of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde is present per gram of dry matter of the oat fiber used.

[0113] In many cases, a lipid content in the range of 81 wt.% to 86 wt.% is particularly preferred, as the properties, especially the combination of properties, of the resulting oat composite article are often perceived as particularly positive. The use of fibers with a lipid content of more than 2 wt.% in the production of biocomposites regularly leads to properties of the biocomposite that are perceived as disadvantageous in the field of the present invention.

[0114] An oat composite article is particularly preferred, wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a lignocellulose content in the range from 81 wt.% to 86 wt.%, based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a lignin content in the range from 22 wt.% to 25 wt.%, based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a hemicellulose content in the range from 31.5 wt.% to 36.0 wt.%, based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a xylose content in the range from 27.3 wt.% to 29.9 wt.%, based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and wherein the oat composite article The hemicellulose present contains an arabinose content in the range of 3.2 wt.-% to 3.8 wt.%, based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and wherein in the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article a ratio of.

[0115] Arabinose to xylose is in the range of 0.1 to 0.2, and wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a mannose content in the range of less than 0.01 wt.%, based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a p-hydroxybenzaldehyde content in the range of 190 pg g -1 up to 215 pg g -1 based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a ferulic acid content in the range of 2300 pg g -1 up to 2600 pg g -1have, based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a protein content in the range of 1.2 wt.% to 1.6 wt.%, based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a lipid content in the range of 0.8 wt.% to 1.0 wt.%, based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used.

[0116] Oat composite articles which contain the substances defined above in the amounts defined above in each case have combinations of properties which are often perceived as particularly advantageous in the field of the present invention. In many cases, oat composite articles are preferred wherein the oat fibres present in the oat composite article have a hemicellulose content in the range from 31.5% by weight to 36.0% by weight, based on the dry mass of the oat fibres used, and wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a xylose content in the range from 27.3% by weight to 29.9% by weight, based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has an arabinose content in the range from 3.2% by weight to 3.8% by weight.-%, based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a ratio of arabinose to xylose in the range of 0.1 to 0.2.

[0117] In particular, our own tests on such oat composite articles have shown that they have particularly positive properties with regard to melt mass flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2 using method B and using the parameters 190 °C and 5 kg, and melt volume flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133- 2 using method B and using the parameters 190 °C and 5 kg in conjunction with a particularly advantageous flexural elongation at flexural strength, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178 with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm / min.

[0118] Oat composite articles containing lignocellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, p-hydrobenzaldehyde, ferulic acid, proteins, and lipids in the ranges specified above as preferred exhibit particularly good properties when compounded with polymer materials and result in a combination of oat fibers and polymers that is perceived as particularly positive in the field of the present invention. Oat composite articles containing the above-mentioned substances in the above-mentioned amounts are particularly preferred in many cases, since their presence in the oat composite article achieves many of the above-described effects and advantages of the present invention to a particularly high degree.

[0119] The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average length in the range from 100 pm to 300 pm, preferably in the range from 120 pm to 250 pm, particularly preferably in the range from 150 pm to 220 pm, preferably in the range from 190 pm to 200 pm, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average thickness in the range from 30 pm to 200 pm, preferably in the range from 50 pm to 150 pm, particularly preferably in the range from 90 pm to 130 pm, preferably in the range from 105 pm to 120 pm, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a have a number-weighted average convexity in the range of 0.6 to 0.95,preferably in the range of 0.65 to 0.90, particularly preferably in the range of 0.7 to 0.85, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average shape factor in the range of 1.0 to 1.5, preferably in the range of 1.03 to 1.4, particularly preferably in the range of 1.05 to 1.35, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average feretaxial ratio in the range of 0.3 to 0.7, preferably in the range of 0.4 to 0.6, particularly preferably in the range of 0.45 to 0.58.

[0120] The term “pm” means micrometer, i.e. one millionth of a meter.

[0121] In many cases, oat composite articles are particularly preferred, wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average length in the range from 100 pm to 300 pm, preferably in the range from 120 pm to 250 pm, particularly preferably in the range from 150 pm to 220 pm, preferably in the range from 190 pm to 200 pm, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average thickness in the range from 30 pm to 200 pm, preferably in the range from 50 pm to 150 pm, particularly preferably in the range from 90 pm to 130 pm, preferably in the range from 105 pm to 120 pm, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average convexity in the range from 0.6 to 0.95, preferably in the range from 0.65 to 0.90, particularly preferably in the range of 0.7 to 0.85,and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average shape factor in the range of 1.0 to 1.5, preferably in the range of 1.03 to 1.4, particularly preferably in the range of 1.05 to 1.35 and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average feretaxial ratio in the range of 0.3 to 0.7, preferably in the range of 0.4 to 0.6, particularly preferably in the range of 0.45 to 0.58. Our own investigations on oat composite articles, as examples for other cereal composite articles, have shown that oat composite articles in which the oat fibres have a number-weighted average length as defined above and at the same time a number-weighted average thickness as defined above, have particularly positive properties and property combinations with regard to the following parameters: Tensile strength, determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2,Bending stress at conventional deflection, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178:2019 with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm / min, and bending strain at bending strength, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178:2019 with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm / min.

[0122] In many cases, such oat composite articles are particularly preferred, wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average length in the range of 190 pm to 200 pm, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average thickness in the range of 105 pm to 120 pm, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average convexity in the range of 0.7 to 0.85, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average shape factor in the range of 1.05 to 1.35, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average feretaxial ratio in the range of 0.45 to 0.58.Oat composite articles in which the oat fibers contained have the above-defined combinations of properties lead to particularly preferred properties and combinations of properties that are perceived as particularly positive, especially for recyclable oat composite articles in the field of the present invention.

[0123] The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein in the oat composite article the proportion of oat fibers is in the range from 5 wt.% to 80 wt.%, preferably in the range from 6 wt.% to 60 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 20 wt.% to 50 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 25 wt.% to 35 wt.%, in each case based on the total mass of the oat composite article.

[0124] In many cases, it is preferred that the oat composite article has a weather resistance that is not unacceptably worse than the weather resistance of a composite material consisting of the same polymer material and artificial fibers, in particular glass fibers.

[0125] Our own investigations into oat composite products, using other cereal composite products as examples, have shown that oat composite products containing oat fibers as defined above often exhibit particularly advantageous combinations of properties. Depending on the requirements of the individual case, however, the expert may also be able to identify oat fiber proportions in the oat composite product outside the ranges defined here that lead to positive combinations of properties in the individual case under consideration.

[0126] The effects and advantages of the oat composite articles according to the invention described above are achieved to a particular extent in many cases with the proportions of oat fibers specified here.

[0127] The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), additionally comprising one, two, three or more substances, preferably in a combined total proportion of 2 to 5 wt.% based on the total mass of the oat composite article, which are preferably independently selected from the group consisting of:

[0128] Auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material, preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material, particularly preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material in a proportion of 1 wt.% to 3 wt.%, based on the total mass of the resulting cereal composite article,

[0129] dyes,

[0130] plasticizers.

[0131] In many cases, a proportion of dyes in the oat composite article is preferred which is in the range of 2 wt.% to 7 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range of 3 wt.% to 6 wt.%, most preferably in the range of 4 wt.% to 5 wt.%, in each case based on the total mass of the oat composite article.

[0132] Streaks that sometimes occur on the surface of the oat composite articles (which are often undesirable in the field of the present invention for optical reasons) can be concealed by the addition of dyes.

[0133] In many cases, it is also preferable to use the blue dye with the product name "MB UN BLUE" and the product code "UN5002", which is commercially available from the manufacturer "Color Service GmbH & Co. KG"; it is preferably used in the quantities specified above.

[0134] In many cases, it is also preferred to use the pink dye with the product name "MB UN PINK" and the product code "UN33656", which is commercially available from the manufacturer "Color Service GmbH & Co. KG"; the dye is preferably used in the quantities specified above.

[0135] In many cases, it is also preferred to use the yellow dye with the product name "MB UN YELLOW" and the product code "UN1057", which is commercially available from the manufacturer "Color Service GmbH & Co. KG"; it is preferably used in the quantities specified above.

[0136] In many cases, it is also preferable to use the green dye with the product name "MB UN GREEN" and the product code "UN67054", which is commercially available from the manufacturer "Color Service GmbH & Co. KG"; it is preferably used in the quantities specified above.

[0137] Using the dyes specified above in the amounts specified above as preferred, particularly positive color impressions of the dyed oat composite article are obtained. The result is a positively homogeneous color impression. The result is a positively brilliant color impression. In particular, the bright yellow dye (product name "MB UN YELLOW"; product code "UN1057") also produces an extremely positive color impression. Our own comparative tests have shown that other biocomposites (especially, for example, biocomposites comprising sunflower shells or parts of sunflower shells) cannot be dyed with the yellow dye with satisfactory results.

[0138] In many cases, the color impression is even more positive when talc is used as the colorant and / or when talc is used in addition to other colorants (preferably as described above as preferred).

[0139] In many cases, it is preferred if the oat composite article according to the invention contains, in addition to the polymer material on the one hand and the oat fibers on the other, one, two, three or more additional substances. In many cases, it is preferred if the oat composite article contains the aforementioned substances as additives.

[0140] Auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material are known to the person skilled in the art; for example, he uses erucaramide, as is commercially available under the trade name “LOXIOL® E SPEZIAL” from Emrey Oleochemicals GmbH of Düsseldorf; he additionally or alternatively uses polyol partial esters, as are commercially available under the trade name “LOXIOL® P 728 BEADS” from Emrey Oleochemicals GmbH of Düsseldorf; he additionally or alternatively replaces compositions as are commercially available under the trade name “CITROFOL AI” from Jungbunzlauer Ladenburg GmbH of Ladenburg; in some cases, the person skilled in the art also uses inert polymers, as are commercially available under the trade name “BIOSTRENGTH® 150” from ARKEMA GmbH of Düsseldorf.In many cases, it is preferable if the auxiliaries used to improve the flow properties of the molten polymer material are selected so that they are not classified as hazardous according to “Regulation (EC) No 1272 / 2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67 / 548 / EEC and 1999 / 45 / EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907 / 2006”.

[0141] In many cases, it is preferred within the scope of the present invention if the oat composite article does not contain any additives to improve the flow properties.

[0142] In many cases, it is preferred that the total proportion of starch in the oat composite article is 8 wt% or less, preferably 5 wt% or less, particularly preferably 3 wt% or less, in each case based on the total mass of the oat composite article.

[0143] A distinction between starch present in oat fibers on the one hand and starch present outside oat fibers on the other hand is known in the field of the present invention; corresponding analytical methods are known to the person skilled in the art.

[0144] In this text, the term dye refers to chemical compounds that have the property of coloring other materials.

[0145] In the context of the present invention, the term food colorings refers in particular to food additives which have the property of coloring other materials and which are authorized according to the provisions of “Regulation (EC) No. 1333 / 2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on food additives”.

[0146] Natural food colorings, i.e., food colorings that can be obtained from plants or animals, are particularly preferred within the scope of the present invention. Examples of natural food colorings used in the oat composite article according to the invention are: carotenoids (E 160a), berry colorings (anthocyanins, E 163), beetroot colorings (betanin, E 162), carmine (E 120), paprika extract (E 160c), and curcumin (E 100). Coloring plant or fruit extracts, such as beetroot, spinach, elderberry, saffron, and turmeric extracts, are also natural food colorings. Cuttlefish ink, or sepia, is also a natural food coloring.

[0147] The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), preferably an oat composite molding, wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a melt mass flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2 using method B and using the parameters 190 °C and 5 kg, in the range from 0.01 g / 10 min to 25 g / 10 min, preferably in the range from 0.02 g / 10 min to 14 g / 10 min, particularly preferably in the range from 0.03 g / 10 min to 3.0 g / 10 min, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a melt volume flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2 using method B and using the parameters 190 °C and 5 kg, in the range of 10 cm 3 / 10 min up to 105 cm 3 / 10 min, preferably in the range of 12 cm3 / 10 min to 104 cm 3 / 10 min, particularly preferably in the range of 13 cm 3 / 10 min to 102 cm 3 / 10 min and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a density determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 1183-1:2019, in the range of 1.2 g -3 up to 1.5 g -3 preferably in the range of 1.26 g -3 up to 1.4 g 3 , particularly preferably in the range of 1.28 g -3 up to 1.39 g -3and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a flexural elastic modulus, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178:2019 with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm / min, in the range from 1000 MPa to 7000 MPa, preferably in the range from 1500 MPa to 5000 MPa, particularly preferably in the range from 1600 MPa to 4500 MPa, very particularly preferably in the range from 1640 MPa to 4300 MPa, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a tensile strength determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2, in the range from 14 MPa to 65 MPa, preferably in the range from 15 MPa to 30 MPa, particularly preferably in the range of 18 MPa to 27 MPa, most preferably in the range of 19 MPa to 26 MPa, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a tensile elongation determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2, in the range of 0.1% to 3,5%, preferably in the range from 0.7% to 3.0%, particularly preferably in the range from 0.8% to 2.8%, most preferably in the range from 0.81% to 2.79%, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a bending stress at conventional deflection, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178, , with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm / min, in the range from 30 MPa to 40 MPa, preferably in the range from 34 MPa to 39 MPa, particularly preferably in the range from 36 MPa to 38 MPa and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a bending strain at bending strength, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178, , with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm / min, in the range of 0.5% to 6%, preferably in the range of 1.0% to 5.0%, particularly preferably in the range of 1.4% to 4.5% and / or,preferably “and wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a Charpy impact strength of the unnotched test specimen, determined according to DIN EN ISO 179-1:2010 using the method ISO 179-1 / 1 eU, in the range of 3 kJ nr, 2 up to 70 kJ nr 2 preferably in the range of 4 kJ nr 2 up to 20 kJ nr 2 , particularly preferably in the range of 4.1 kJ nr 2 up to 12 kJ nr 2 , most preferably in the range of 4.2 kJ nr 2 up to 11.9 kJ nr 2 .

[0148] The pressure specification MPa means, here and in the following, “megapascal”, i.e. one million Pascal.

[0149] The indication “kJ nr 2 “ means kilojoules per square meter.

[0150] Depending on the requirements of the individual case, the skilled person selects oat composite articles that exhibit one, several, or all of the above properties. In some cases, it is also preferable to select properties that lie outside the ranges defined above. The skilled person recognizes these cases based on the requirements of the specific individual case.

[0151] Oat composite articles, in particular oat composite moldings with the above-defined properties within the above-defined ranges, are particularly preferred in many cases, depending on their use or intended use, since their properties are perceived as particularly positive in the field of the present invention. In particular, the above-defined properties within the above-defined ranges are preferred when the oat composite article, in particular the oat composite molding, contains a biopolymer material as the polymer material.

[0152] The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), preferably an oat composite molded part (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has an inherent smell of roasted aromas.

[0153] Biocomposites as known from the prior art often exhibit an inherent odor that is perceived as unpleasant, which prevents their commercial use or makes it less advantageous. The addition of fragrances to mask an inherent odor that is perceived as unpleasant or to create an inherent odor that is perceived as pleasant is generally undesirable in the field of the present invention.

[0154] In many cases, it is therefore highly preferred for the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, to have an inherent roasted odor. An inherent roasted odor is perceived as particularly advantageous for commercial use in the field of the present invention. The person skilled in the art will identify these cases based on the requirements of the specific individual case.

[0155] The other effects and advantages described above are also achieved here to a special extent.

[0156] It is also particularly preferred if the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a light color that is perceived as advantageous and is also printable using the methods customary in the field of the present invention.

[0157] The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), preferably an oat composite molded part (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, complies with the requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No. 10 / 2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food.

[0158] Biocomposites as known from the prior art often exhibit an inherent odor that is perceived as unpleasant, which prevents or makes less advantageous, particularly commercial use involving contact with food. In many cases, it is therefore highly preferred if the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, exhibits an inherent roasted odor while simultaneously meeting the requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No. 10 / 2011 of January 14, 2011, on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food. This combination is regularly perceived as extremely positive in the field of the present invention.In many cases, it is preferable if the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, is suitable for use in the packaging and / or processing of foodstuffs; in particular, it is often preferable if the oat composite article is also approved for this purpose in the European Union. Against this background, the skilled person will identify suitable polymer materials that may be present in a food-grade oat composite article based on their specialist knowledge.

[0159] In many cases, it is particularly preferred if the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, is heat-treated and / or free of harmful substances. Preferably, the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, is food-safe, free of harmful substances, and heat-treated.

[0160] The other effects and advantages described above are also achieved here to a special degree.

[0161] The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the oat composite article can be stored at temperatures in the range between 0°C and 25°C, preferably between 1°C and 23°C, particularly preferably between 4°C and 20°C and at a further defined air humidity in the range from 0% to 10% relative humidity, preferably in the range from 1% to 9% relative humidity, particularly preferably in the range from 1% to 8% relative humidity over a period of at least 12 months, preferably at least 18 months, particularly preferably at least 24 months, very particularly preferably at least 36 months without the formation of mold.

[0162] Oat composite articles with a moisture content in the range of 0 wt.% to 10 wt.%, preferably in the range of 3 wt.% to 9 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range of 6 wt.% to 8 wt.%, exhibit particularly advantageous storage properties. The skilled person dries the oat composite articles before storage, if necessary; he or she independently selects the appropriate drying method from the drying methods known to him or her, based on the requirements of the individual case.

[0163] In the field of the present invention, oat composite articles are frequently stored at temperatures and humidities within the specified ranges. Particularly when the oat composite article is an oat composite granulate or a dried oat composite granulate, intermediate storage is regularly required prior to further processing steps such as injection molding or compression molding. Mold formation during storage is generally undesirable in the field of the present invention. Oat composite articles that are storable at the temperatures and humidities specified above, at least for a period as defined above, are highly preferred in many cases in the field of the present invention.

[0164] Our own investigations have shown that, in the field of the present invention, extremely undesirable mold formation regularly occurs during the storage of biocomposite materials as known from the prior art. Such mold formation does not occur when the oat composite articles according to the invention are properly stored under the above-mentioned conditions.

[0165] The present invention also relates to a use of an oat composite article, preferably a recyclable oat composite article, particularly preferably a 100% recyclable oat composite article, selected from the group consisting of:

[0166] Oat kom posit,

[0167] Oat composite granules, dried oat composite granules and

[0168] Oat composite molding, for producing an article, preferably for producing an article selected from the group consisting of:

[0169] Window parts, in particular frames and window sashes and window profiles,

[0170] Plastic filters, skirting boards,

[0171] Profile strips and profile boards,

[0172] Facade cladding,

[0173] moldings,

[0174] Reusable packaging,

[0175] Toy,

[0176] Office supplies, especially computer mouse, hole punch, glue stick, folder, dispenser, correction tape, highlighter,

[0177] Plastic packaging, especially shampoo bottles,

[0178] Drinks bottles and cups,

[0179] caps,

[0180] Tableware and decorative items,

[0181] Electrical items, especially sockets, cover strips, lamps,

[0182] Tools and tool parts, in particular handles for tools and garden tools,

[0183] Automotive parts, especially parts of the interior of automobiles such as trim strips,

[0184] Hygiene products, especially toothbrushes and hairbrushes,

[0185] Garden articles, agricultural articles and / or forestry articles, preferably in particular plant pots, silage films, plant fastening clips and growth covers, in particular browsing protection, weed barriers and covers for protection against frost,

[0186] Signage, in particular signage for use not designed for a period of more than 2 months, disposable tableware and disposable cutlery, preferably in particular disposable bowls, disposable plates, lids for disposable coffee cups, disposable containers, preferably disposable cups, for cold drinks, disposable containers, preferably disposable cups, for hot drinks, disposable knives, disposable forks, disposable tablespoons, disposable coffee spoons, disposable stirrers, disposable chopsticks,

[0187] Reusable tableware and reusable cutlery, preferably in particular reusable bowls, reusable plates, lids for reusable coffee cups, reusable containers, preferably reusable cups for cold drinks, reusable containers, preferably reusable cups, for hot drinks, reusable knives, reusable forks, reusable tablespoons, reusable coffee spoons, reusable stirrers, reusable chopsticks,

[0188] Reusable straws,

[0189] Beach toys

[0190] Carrier bags, especially shopping bags and garbage bags,

[0191] Flocculants, wet wipes, bristles for sweepers, mowing threads, mulching films, binding twine, films for dishwasher tablets, floral foam, chewing gum, dirt erasers, micro-composite particles for cosmetics, fishery products, granules for transport purposes, in particular for the transport of stone slabs and / or concrete slabs, bird ringing, parts of fireworks, scouring threads, seed coating and

[0192] Disposable packaging, preferably disposable packaging for food, in particular coffee capsules, tea bags and films for wrapping fruit.

[0193] In particular, the articles specified above are produced using an oat composite article according to the invention in a particularly positive configuration and with properties or combinations of properties that are perceived as particularly positive in the field of the present invention. In many cases, the respective manufacturing process is carried out particularly efficiently and / or resource-conservingly by using an oat composite article according to the invention. For all articles that have previously been manufactured from plastics with fossil or artificial fibers, it is preferable, depending on the requirements of the individual case, to design them as oat composite articles instead.

[0194] In the field of the present invention, abrasive threads are also referred to as “dolly ropes”.

[0195] The present invention also relates to a use of oat fibers for producing an oat composite article, preferably as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred.

[0196] In many cases, oat hull fibers and / or oat hull fibers are preferably used to produce an oat composite article, particularly preferably oat hull fibers and oat hull fibers.

[0197] The effects and advantages described above in connection with oat composite articles according to the invention are realized when using oat fibers to produce an oat composite article, preferably as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred.

[0198] The present invention also relates to a use of a polymer material selected from the group consisting of:

[0199] Polyethylene (PE),

[0200] Polyvinyl chloride (PVC),

[0201] Polystyrene (PS),

[0202] Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS),

[0203] Styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN),

[0204] Polyurethane (PU),

[0205] polyethylene terephthalate (PET),

[0206] Polypropylene (PP),

[0207] Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA),

[0208] Polyamide (PA),

[0209] Polyoxymethylene (POM),

[0210] Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE),

[0211] Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF),

[0212] Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), Perfluoro Alkoxyalkane Copolymer (PFA), Tetrafluoroethylene-Hexafluoropropylene (FEP), Tetrafluoroethylene-Perfluoro-Methylvinyl Ether (MFA), Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), Polyetherimide (PEI), Polyethersulfone (PES),

[0213] - Polysulfone (PSU),

[0214] Polyphenyl sulfide (PPS),

[0215] Polyphenyl oxide (PPO), polycarbonate (PC), and

[0216] Mixtures thereof, preferably the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of:

[0217] Polyethylene (PE),

[0218] Polyvinyl chloride (PVC),

[0219] Polyurethane (PU) and

[0220] Mixtures thereof; for producing an oat composite article, preferably as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred.

[0221] The effects and advantages described above in connection with oat composite articles according to the invention are realized in a particularly positive manner in many cases when using the polymer materials specified above, preferably the biopolymer materials specified above, for producing an oat composite article, preferably as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred.

[0222] The present invention also relates to a process for producing an oat composite article, preferably as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred, selected from the group consisting of:

[0223] Oat composite oat composite granules dried oat composite granules and

[0224] Oat composite molding with the following steps to produce the article:

[0225] Producing or providing a polymer material, wherein the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of:

[0226] Polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), styrene acrylonitrile (SAN), polyurethane (PU),

[0227] Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP),

[0228] Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyamide (PA),

[0229] Polyoxymethylene (POM), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF), Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), Perfluoro Alkoxyalkane Copolymer (PFA), Tetrafluoroethylene Hexafluoropropylene (FEP), Tetrafluoroethylene Perfluoro Methyl Vinyl Ether (MFA),

[0230] Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), Polyetherimide (PEI), Polyethersulfone (PES),

[0231] - Polysulfone (PSU), polyphenyl sulfide (PPS), polyphenyl oxide (PPO), polycarbonate (PC), and

[0232] Mixtures thereof, preferably the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of:

[0233] Polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PU) and mixtures thereof'; and spatially separated

[0234] Oat fibers, preferably oat hull fibers and / or oat hull fibers, particularly preferably oat hull fibers and oat hull fibers.

[0235] Melting the produced or provided polymer material so that a molten polymer material results,

[0236] Compounding the molten polymer material with at least the produced or provided oat fibers in a predetermined proportion to result in the oat composite.

[0237] With the process according to the invention, the properties described above in connection with the oat composite articles according to the invention are achieved to a particularly positive extent. The effects and advantages described above in connection with the oat composite articles according to the invention and the uses according to the invention are realized to a particularly high degree in the process according to the invention. Methods of melting polymer material and methods of compounding molten polymer material are known to the person skilled in the art. They will independently identify the required parameters according to the needs of the individual case.

[0238] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred) selected from the group consisting of:

[0239] Oat composite granules dried oat composite granules and

[0240] Oat composite molding with the following steps to produce the article:

[0241] Producing an oat composite according to a process as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred

[0242] Granulation of the oat composite to produce oat composite granules.

[0243] Granulation methods are known to those skilled in the art. They can independently identify the required parameters based on the specific needs of the individual case.

[0244] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred) selected from the group consisting of: dried oat composite granules and oat composite molding, comprising the following steps for producing the article:

[0245] Producing an oat composite granulate according to a process as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred

[0246] Drying the oat composite granules to produce dried oat composite granules, preferably dried oat composite granules with a moisture content of less than 12%, particularly preferably dried oat composite granules with a moisture content of less than 10%, most particularly preferably dried oat composite granules with a moisture content of less than 9%.

[0247] Methods for drying granules are known to those skilled in the art. They can independently identify the required parameters based on the specific needs of the individual case. Before drying, the oat composite granules typically have a moisture content of approximately 35% if they were produced using a water bath with subsequent strand granulation.

[0248] By drying the oat composite granules to produce dried oat composite granules, the shelf life of the granules can be advantageously increased without mold formation; the dried oat composite granules have an advantageously longer shelf life without mold formation compared to the non-dried oat composite granules.

[0249] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), comprising the following steps for producing the article:

[0250] Producing an oat composite granulate according to a process as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred and / or Producing a dried oat composite granulate according to a process as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred, preferably Producing a dried oat composite granulate according to a process as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred;

[0251] Melting the oat composite granules and / or the dried oat composite granules, preferably melting the dried oat composite granules, so that molten oat composite results;

[0252] Injection molding of the molten oat composite to produce an oat composite molded part.

[0253] Methods for injection molding granulated biocomposite are known to those skilled in the art. They can independently identify the required parameters based on the specific needs of the individual case.

[0254] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), comprising the following steps for producing the article:

[0255] Producing an oat composite granulate according to a method as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred and / or Producing a dried oat composite granulate according to a method as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred, preferably Producing a dried oat composite granulate according to a method as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred

[0256] Compression molding of the oat composite to produce an oat composite molded part.

[0257] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), comprising the following step for producing the article:

[0258] Deep-drawing the oat composite to produce an oat composite molded part. The process details of deep-drawing polymers and composite materials are known to those skilled in the art.

[0259] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the resulting oat composite article is in the form of a film, comprising the following step for producing the article:

[0260] Extrusion, casting, calendering or blow molding, preferably blow molding and / or extrusion, particularly preferably blow molding of the oat composite, so that an oat composite article in the form of a film results.

[0261] The process details of extrusion, casting, calendering and blow molding are known to the person skilled in the art.

[0262] Methods for compression molding granulated biocomposite are known to those skilled in the art. They can independently identify the required parameters based on the specific needs of the individual case.

[0263] The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), preferably for producing an oat composite molded part (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the compounding takes place in a temperature range from 180 °C to 230 °C, preferably in a temperature range from 185 °C to 220 °C, particularly preferably in a temperature range from 188 °C to 215 °C, very particularly preferably in a temperature range from 190 °C to 210 °C and / or, preferably “and wherein the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of:

[0264] Polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC),

[0265] Polystyrene (PS),

[0266] Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS),

[0267] Styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN),

[0268] Polyurethane (PU),

[0269] polyethylene terephthalate (PET),

[0270] Polypropylene (PP),

[0271] Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA),

[0272] Polyamide (PA),

[0273] Polyoxymethylene (POM),

[0274] Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE),

[0275] Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF),

[0276] Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE),

[0277] Perfluoroalkoxyalkane copolymer (PFA),

[0278] Tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene (FEP),

[0279] Tetrafluoroethylene perfluoromethyl vinyl ether (MFA),

[0280] Polyetheretherketone (PEEK),

[0281] Polyetherimide (PEI),

[0282] Polyethersulfone (PES),

[0283] - Polysulfone (PSU),

[0284] Polyphenyl sulfide (PPS),

[0285] Polyphenyl oxide (PPO),

[0286] Polycarbonate (PC), and

[0287] Mixtures thereof, preferably the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of:

[0288] Polyethylene (PE),

[0289] Polyvinyl chloride (PVC),

[0290] Polyurethane (PU) and

[0291] Mixtures thereof. Particularly when recyclable oat composite articles are produced using the process according to the invention, it is sometimes preferable to select polylactides as the polymer material. In many cases, polylactides can be obtained particularly easily and inexpensively, both ecologically and economically.

[0292] The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a method for producing an oat composite molded part (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the melting and processing during injection molding takes place up to immediately before contact with a casting mold and / or a water bath in a temperature range from 80°C to 230°C, preferably in a temperature range from 100°C to 220°C, particularly preferably in a temperature range from 110°C to 210°C, very particularly preferably in a temperature range from 120°C to 200°C, preferably in a temperature range from 150°C to 180°C, and / or, Preferably “and” during injection molding, the casting mold immediately before contact with the molten oat composite has a temperature in the range from 15°C to 50°C, preferably a temperature in the range from 20°C to 40°C, particularly preferably a temperature in the range from 25°C to 38 °C,most preferably a temperature in the range of 30 °C to 35 °C.,

[0293] With the parameters defined above, oat composite molded parts with particularly positive properties and / or combinations of properties are obtained in a particularly efficient manner in many cases in the process according to the invention.

[0294] In many cases it is particularly preferred that the mold used in injection molding is a cold runner mold.

[0295] In many cases, it is preferable for injection molding, particularly in cases where the mold used in injection molding is a cold runner mold, that the oat composite granules are dried prior to injection molding to a moisture content of 0.6 wt.% or less, more preferably 0.5 wt.% or less, and most preferably 0.4 wt.% or less. In this way, better results are achieved in many cases, particularly in cases where the mold used in injection molding is a cold runner mold. This reduces the likelihood of defects occurring in the resulting molded part during injection molding.

[0296] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), comprising the following steps:

[0297] Providing oat hulls and / or oat husks;

[0298] Cleaning the oat shells and / or oat husks to produce cleaned oat shells and / or cleaned oat husks;

[0299] Drying the cleaned oat hulls and / or the cleaned oat husks to produce dried cleaned oat hulls and / or dried cleaned oat husks;

[0300] Grinding the dried cleaned oat hulls and / or the dried cleaned oat husks to produce ground oat hulls and / or ground oat husks;

[0301] Sieving the ground oat hulls and / or ground oat husks to leave oat fibers and a residue in the sieve.

[0302] In many cases, a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred) comprising the following steps is preferred:

[0303] Providing oat hulls and oat husks;

[0304] Cleaning the oat hulls and oat husks to produce cleaned oat hulls and cleaned oat husks;

[0305] Drying the cleaned oat hulls and the cleaned oat husks to produce dried cleaned oat hulls and dried cleaned oat husks; - M -

[0306] Grinding the dried cleaned oat hulls and the dried cleaned oat husks to produce ground oat hulls and ground oat husks;

[0307] Sieving the ground oat hulls and ground oat husks to leave oat fibers and a residue in the sieve.

[0308] When a process according to the invention for producing an oat composite article is carried out using the steps defined above, oat composite articles with particularly positive properties are obtained. Particularly when the oat composite articles resulting from the process are intended for contact with food, it is generally preferable to carry out the process steps defined above when carrying out the process according to the invention.

[0309] The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the cleaning of the oat hulls and / or oat husks is carried out at least partially by boiling in water at 100°C and subsequent pressing, preferably by pressing with a Pondorf screw press, and / or, preferably “and”

[0310] Wherein the drying is carried out as indirect drying, preferably as indirect drying on a belt dryer or in a drying cabinet, preferably on a belt dryer, and / or, preferably “and”

[0311] Wherein the drying is carried out in such a way that the resulting dried, cleaned oat hulls and / or dried, cleaned oat husks have a water content of less than 7% by weight, preferably less than 6% by weight, particularly preferably less than 5% by weight, very particularly preferably less than 4% by weight, and / or, preferably “and Wherein the dried, cleaned oat hulls and / or dried, cleaned oat husks used in the grinding have a water content of less than 7% by weight, preferably less than 6% by weight, particularly preferably less than 5% by weight, very particularly preferably less than 4% by weight at the start of the grinding.-%, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the grinding is carried out using an impact disc mill, preferably the grinding is carried out using an impact disc mill at a temperature of 75°C, particularly preferably at a temperature of 75°C and with a residence time of 1 minute, and / or, preferably “and” wherein when sieving the ground oat hulls and / or the ground oat husks, so that oat fibers and a residue in the sieve result, a sieve with a mesh size of 300 micrometers or less, preferably of 200 micrometers or less, particularly preferably of 160 micrometers or less, very particularly preferably of 120 micrometers is used.

[0312] By carrying out the process steps defined above, preferably by carrying out all of the process steps defined above, oat composite products are obtained which have a particularly advantageous long storage life without mold formation. Both by cleaning the oat hulls as described above and by drying them at the specified drying times and temperatures, the storage life without mold formation is increased. In many cases, it is preferred if the oat fibers resulting from sieving the ground oat hulls are an organic product within the meaning of Regulation (EU) 2018 / 848 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 on organic production and labeling of organic products and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No. 834 / 2007.

[0313] In many cases, it is preferred if the oat fibers resulting from sieving the ground oat hulls are vegan. In many cases, it is preferred if the cleaning of the oat hulls to produce cleaned oat hulls is carried out according to the method described in document WO 2020 / 192981, preferably according to the method described in Example IV of document WO 2020 / 192981.

[0314] The conditions described above for cleaning the oat hulls result in oat hulls that are particularly suitable for use in oat composite articles, preferably in oat composite molded parts that meet the requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No. 10 / 2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food.

[0315] In many cases, it is preferred if the drying of the cleaned oat hulls to produce dried, cleaned oat hulls comprises a drying step in which the cleaned oat hulls are exposed to a temperature of 90°C to 100°C for 20 minutes. In many cases, it is preferred to select the duration of the drying of the cleaned oat hulls to produce dried, cleaned oat hulls such that the resulting dried, cleaned oat hulls have a moisture content of 6%. When the drying is carried out in this way, the resulting dried, cleaned oat hulls have particularly low levels of bacteria and fungi, especially molds.The above-described drying conditions for the cleaned oat hulls result in dried cleaned oat hulls that are particularly suitable for use in oat composite articles, preferably in oat composite molded parts, which meet the requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No 10 / 2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food.

[0316] In many cases, indirect drying is preferred, as it avoids contact with smoke and the pollutants regularly contained in smoke. This type of indirect drying is particularly preferred when low pollutant levels in the resulting dried, cleaned oat hulls are desired.

[0317] In many cases, it is preferable to use a Pondorf screw press for pressing; this method often achieves particularly positive results. In many cases, oat fibers are produced using a particularly economically and ecologically advantageous manufacturing process compared to other natural fibers. In particular, the processing of the respective fiber raw materials in mills results in particularly low abrasion and corrosion properties for oat fibers compared to other raw materials such as wood or sunflower hulls.

[0318] If the sieving of the ground oat hulls, so that oat fibers and a residue in the sieve result, is carried out with mesh sizes larger than 300 micrometers, the result is usually oat fibers which are more difficult to dose and which lead to less advantageous results when used in a process (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred) or when used to produce an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred).

[0319] In many cases, consumers in the field of the present invention desire that processes for producing biocomposites be carried out as sustainably and environmentally friendly as possible. Therefore, a process according to the invention for producing an oat composite article is preferably carried out in such a way that the energy used for heat generation is obtained by burning biomass. A process according to the invention for producing an oat composite article is preferably carried out in such a way that energy used for purposes other than heat generation comes from heat recovery and / or from renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics, the combustion of biomass, and / or wind energy.

[0320] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein: the compounding takes place exclusively between the polymer material and the oat fibers, without the addition of further substances, so that the resulting oat composite consists exclusively of the produced or provided polymer material and the produced or provided oat fibers; or the molten polymer material, in addition to the produced or provided oat fibers, further substances are added as additives, preferably in a combined total proportion of 2 to 5 wt.-% based on the total mass of all substances used in compounding, which are also present in the subsequent compounding, are added, preferably these additional substances are selected as additives from the group consisting of:.

[0321] Auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material, preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material, particularly preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material in a proportion of 1 wt.% to 3 wt.%, based on the total mass of the resulting cereal composite article,

[0322] Dyes, preferably in an amount of 2 wt.% to 7 wt.%, preferably in an amount of 3 wt.% to 6 wt.%, particularly preferably in an amount of 4 wt.% to 5 wt.%, in each case based on the total mass of the oat composite article,

[0323] plasticizers.

[0324] In many cases, it is preferred if no auxiliary substances are used to improve the flow properties in the process according to the invention for producing an oat composite article.

[0325] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein: the compounding takes place exclusively between the polymer material and the oat fibers, without the addition of further substances, so that the resulting oat composite consists exclusively of the produced or provided polymer material and the produced or provided oat fibers; and when compounding the molten polymer material with the produced or provided oat fibers in a predetermined proportion to result in the oat composite, the predetermined proportion is selected such that it corresponds to a proportion of oat fibers of 5% to 80% by weight, preferably a proportion of oat fibers of 6% to 42% by weight.-%, particularly preferably a proportion of 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%, very particularly preferably a proportion of 25 wt.% to 35 wt.%, in each case based on the combined total mass of the molten polymer material used in the compounding and the oat fibers used in the compounding.

[0326] This means that, at a ratio corresponding to a proportion of oat fibers of 30 wt.% based on the combined total mass of the molten polymer material used in the compounding and the oat fibers used in the compounding: 70 g of polymer material and 30 g of oat fibers are used per 100 g of combined total mass of polymer material and oat fibers.

[0327] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein: in addition to the oat fibers produced or provided, one, two, three or more further substances are added as additives to the molten polymer material, which are also present during the subsequent compounding, preferably these are one, two, three or more further substances as additives, preferably selected from the group consisting of:

[0328] Auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material, preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material, particularly preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material in a proportion of 1 wt.% to 3 wt.%, based on the total mass of the resulting cereal composite article, dyes, preferably in an amount of 2 wt.% to 7 wt.%, preferably in an amount of 3 wt.% to 6 wt.%, particularly preferably in an amount of 4 wt.% to 5 wt.-%, in each case based on the total mass of the oat composite article, and when compounding the molten polymer material with at least the produced or provided oat fibers in a predetermined quantitative ratio, so that the oat composite results, the predetermined quantitative ratio is selected such that it corresponds to a proportion of oat fibers of 5 wt.% to 45 wt.%, preferably to a proportion of oat fibers of 10 wt.% to 42 wt.%, particularly preferably to a proportion of 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%, very particularly preferably to a proportion of 30 wt.% to 35 wt.%, in each case based on the combined total mass of the molten polymer material used in the compounding and the oat fibers used in the compounding.

[0329] This means that, with a ratio corresponding to a proportion of oat fibers of 30 wt.% and a proportion of an additive of 2 wt.%, each based on the combined total mass of the molten polymer material used in the compounding, the oat fibers used in the compounding and the additive used in the compounding: per 100 g of combined total mass of polymer material and oat fibers and additive, 68 g of polymer material and 30 g of oat fibers and 2 g of additive are used.

[0330] The present invention, in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the polymer material used to produce an oat composite article has a density, determined according to method A of ISO 1 183-1, in the range of 1 g 3up to 2 g 3 preferably has a density in the range of 1 ,0 g ern 3 up to 1.6 g 3 , particularly preferably a density in the range of 1.1 g 3 up to 1.3 g 3 , most preferably a density in the range of 1 .23 g ern 3 up to 1.26 g 3 , and / or, preferably “and has a melt mass flow rate determined according to ISO 1133-2 using method B and using the parameters 190 °C and 5 kg, in the range from 2 g / 10 min to 50 g / 10 min, preferably in the range from 2.5 g / 10 min to 35 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range from 3.0 g / 10 min to 32 g / 10 min, most preferably in the range from 3.8 g / 10 min to 30 g / 10 min, and / or, preferably “and” has a melting point, determined according to ISO 3146, in the range from 70 °C to 140 °C, preferably in the range from 75 °C to 120 °C, more preferably in the range from 78 °C to 88 °C, most preferably in the range from 83 °C to 85 °C.

[0331] The use of polymer materials with the properties specified above in the process according to the invention leads in many cases to particularly positive properties or combinations of properties of the resulting oat composite article.

[0332] The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a lignocellulose content in the range from 60 wt.% to 90 wt.%, preferably in the range from 70 wt.% to 88 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 75 wt.% to 87 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 81 wt.% to 86 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a lignin content in the range from 10 wt.% to 30 wt.%, preferably in the range from 11 wt.% to 27.5 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 12 wt.% to 26 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 22 wt.% to 25 Weight-%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and / or, preferably “and wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a hemicellulose content in the range from 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%, preferably in the range from 22 wt.% to 38 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 23.5 wt.% to 37.0 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 31.5 wt.% to 36.0 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article has a xylose content in the range from 15 wt.% to 31 wt.%, preferably in the range from 17 wt.% to 30 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 22 wt.% to 29.9 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 27.3 wt.% up to 28.9 wt.-%, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat fibers used, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article has a proportion of arabinose in the range from 2.6 wt.% to 4.0 wt.%, preferably in the range from 3.1 wt.% to 3.9 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 3.2 wt.% to 3.8 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat fibers used, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article has a ratio of arabinose to xylose in the range from 0.05 to 0.5, preferably in the range from 0.09 to 0.3, particularly preferably in the range from 0.1 to 0.2, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the The oat fibers used in the oat composite article have a mannose content of less than 0.03 wt.-%, preferably less than 0.02 wt.%, particularly preferably less than 0.01 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat fibers used, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a proportion of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde in the range of 50 pg g. -1 up to 250 pg g -1 preferably in the range of 60 pg g -1 up to 220 pg g -1 particularly preferably in the range of 65 pg g -1 up to 216 pg g -1 most preferably in the range of 190 pg g -1 up to 215 pg g -1 , in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and / or [Description: preferably “and”] wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a ferulic acid content in the range of 1000 pg g -1 up to 3000 pg g -1 preferably in the range of 1100 pg g -1 up to 2800 pg g-1 particularly preferably in the range of 1300 pg g -1 up to 2700 pg g -1 most preferably in the range of 2300 pg g -1 up to 2600 pg g -1, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a protein content of less than 3 wt.%, preferably less than 2 wt.%, particularly preferably a protein content in the range from 1.2 wt.% to 1.6 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a lipid content of less than 2 wt.%, preferably less than 1.5 wt.%, particularly preferably a lipid content in the range from 0.8 wt.% to 1.0 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used. Here, a proportion of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde of 1 pg g -1 that one microgram of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde is present per gram of dry matter of the oat fiber used.

[0333] In many cases, it is also preferred that the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article does not contain any mannose at all.

[0334] In many cases, a proportion of ligocellulose in the range of 81 to 86 wt.% is particularly preferred, since the properties of the resulting oat composite article are then often perceived as particularly positive.

[0335] The use of fibers with a lipid content of more than 2 wt.% in the production of biocomposites regularly leads to properties of the biocomposite that are perceived as disadvantageous in the field of the present invention.

[0336] The use of oat fibers with the properties specified above in the process according to the invention leads in many cases to particularly positive properties or combinations of properties of the resulting oat composite article.

[0337] The present invention, with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average length in the range from 100 pm to 300 pm, preferably in the range from 120 pm to 250 pm, particularly preferably in the range from 150 pm to 220 pm, preferably in the range from 190 pm to 200 pm, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average thickness in the range from 30 pm to 200 pm, preferably in the range from 50 pm to 150 pm, particularly preferably in the range from 90 pm to 130 pm, preferably in the range from 105 pm to 120 pm, and / or,preferably “and wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average convexity in the range from 0.6 to 0.95, preferably in the range from 0.65 to 0.90, particularly preferably in the range from 0.7 to 0.85, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average shape factor in the range from 1.0 to 1.5, preferably in the range from 1.03 to 1.4, particularly preferably in the range from 1.05 to 1.35, and / or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average feretaxial ratio in the range from 0.3 to 0.7, preferably in the range from 0.4 to 0.6, particularly preferably in the range from 0.45 to 0.58.,

[0338] The use of oat fibers with the properties specified above in the process according to the invention often leads to particularly positive properties or combinations of properties of the resulting oat composite article. The present invention also relates to a kit for producing an oat composite article, comprising at least the following spatially separate components: a polymer material, preferably a polymer material selected from the group consisting of:

[0339] Polyethylene,

[0340] Polyvinyl chloride,

[0341] polystyrene,

[0342] Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene,

[0343] Styrene-acrylonitrile,

[0344] polyurethane,

[0345] Polyethylene terephthalate,

[0346] Polypropylene, polymethyl methacrylate,

[0347] Polyamide,

[0348] Polyoxymethylene,

[0349] Polytetrafluoroethylene,

[0350] Polyvinylidene fluoride,

[0351] Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene,

[0352] Perfluoro alkoxyalkane copolymer,

[0353] tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene,

[0354] Tetrafluoroethylene perfluoromethyl vinyl ether, polyetheretherketone, polyetherimide, polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polyphenyl sulfide, polyphenyl oxide, polycarbonate, and

[0355] Mixtures thereof, preferably the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of:

[0356] Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, and

[0357] mixtures thereof; and spatially separated therefrom

[0358] Oat fibers, preferably oat hull fibers and / or oat hull fibers, particularly preferably oat hull fibers and oat hull fibers.

[0359] The kit according to the invention is particularly suitable for carrying out the inventive methods used to produce oat composite articles. The feasibility of the invention is explained in more detail below using oat fibers as an example of other cereal fibers. Cereal fibers from other cereals, in particular from the hulled cereals einkorn, emmer, kamut, barley, millet, and spelt, can also be produced and used in an equivalent manner.

[0360] Example B1 : Production of oat fibers

[0361] The selection of materials in this example is merely exemplary. In particular, according to the procedure described in this example, both oat fibers can be produced from oat hulls, so-called "oat hull fibers," and oat fibers from oat hulls, so-called "oat hull fibers." Furthermore, according to the procedure described in this example, oat fibers can be produced jointly from oat hulls and oat hulls.

[0362] Oat husks were used as an example. The oat husks were blown loose into a silo, then removed from the silo, mixed with water, and cleaned in a washing line as described below. The oat husks, mixed with water, were kept at a temperature of 100°C for 40 minutes. The cooked oat husks were then reduced to a moisture content of 35% using a Pondorf screw press, resulting in contaminated press water and cleaned oat husks. The cleaned oat husks were dried to a moisture content of 6% using a Stela RECU DRY - BTU RecuDry 1-6200-19.5 belt dryer with heat recovery, built in 2020, for 20 minutes at 90°C. The dried, cleaned oat husks were then ground using a Herbold impact disc mill, type PU 1250 GR, built in 2018, to produce ground oat husks.The ground oat hulls were sieved to a mesh size of 120 pm on a Rüter Kreuzjoch Plansichter 1500 plansifter with a rotating disc distributor, resulting in oat fibers and a residue in the sieve. The resulting oat fibers were conveyed by compressed air to a silo for temporary storage. Example B2: Analysis of the oat fibers.

[0363] The length and thickness of oat fibers produced according to Example B1 above were

[0364] - together with other parameters - analysed using the commercially available FibreShape method as described below; in addition to the FiberShape method, the person skilled in the art is also aware of other methods with which he can determine the length and thickness

[0365] - and other parameters - of oat fibers, such as using a microscope and a suitable scale. The measurement parameters used in the FibreShape method are listed in Table 1.

[0366] Table 1 : Measurement parameters of the FibreShape method

[0367] First, a suitable amount of oat fibers prepared according to Example B1 above was placed in a 1 L plastic bag and thoroughly mixed. A suitable amount of sample was then taken from the bag with a brush, applied to a slide (4.9 x 4.9 cm), and spread evenly. To secure the evenly distributed oat fibers, another slide was placed on top as a coverslip, and both slides were secured together with a strip of adhesive tape. The joined slides, with the evenly distributed oat fibers enclosed between them, were then placed in a film guide and scanned using a Dimage Scan Elite 5400 II slide scanner (Konica Minolta). The selected resolution of the slide scanner was 1200 dpi, which corresponds to a lower resolution limit of 5 pm. The image analysis was performed using the "Fibreshape" analysis software from IST AG, St.Gallen, Switzerland, with the parameters given in Table 1.

[0368] A mean fiber length, weighted by number, of 194.38 pm was determined with a standard deviation of 281.88 pm. In addition to fiber length, convexity, shape factor, and feretaxial ratio were also determined with equal weighting using the FibreShape method: the mean convexity was 0.8260 with a standard deviation of 0.1024; the mean shape factor was 1.0740 with a standard deviation of 0.2221; and the mean feretaxial ratio was 0.5737 with a standard deviation of 0.1535.

[0369] The determined percentiles of the fiber lengths are shown in Table 2. A percentile of 0% indicates that no fiber is shorter than the corresponding specified value. A percentile of 10% indicates that 10% of the fibers are shorter than the corresponding specified value. A percentile of 50% indicates that 50% of the fibers are shorter than the corresponding specified value. A percentile of 100% indicates that no fiber is longer than the corresponding specified value, i.e., that 100% of the analyzed fibers are shorter than this value.

[0370] Table 2: Length distribution of oat fibers

[0371] A mean fiber thickness, weighted by length, of 110.01 pm was determined with a standard deviation of 55.55 pm.

[0372] In addition to fiber thickness, convexity, shape factor, and feretaxial ratio were determined with equal weighting using the FibreShape method: the mean value of convexity was 0.7344 with a standard deviation of 0.1446; the mean value of the shape factor was 1.3447 with a standard deviation of 0.4076; the mean value of the feretaxial ratio was 0.4892 with a standard deviation of 0.1822.

[0373] The corresponding percentiles for the fiber thickness measurements are given in Table 3 in a manner analogous to the fiber length percentiles given in Table 2. Table 3: Percentiles for the fiber thickness measurements

[0374] Example B2-1 : Analysis of oat fiber components

[0375] Oat fibers produced according to Example B1 above were analyzed as described below.

[0376] The determination of minerals and trace elements was carried out according to DIN EN 15621: 2017-10. The measurement results are given in simplified form in Table 4 according to DIN EN ISO / IEC 17025:2018, Section 7.8.1.3. Table 4: Results of the determination of minerals and trace elements according to

[0377] DIN EN 15621 : 2017-10

[0378] The results of the vitamin determinations and the respective determination methods used are shown in Table 5. The measurement results are given in simplified form in Table 5 according to DIN EN ISO / IEC 17025:2018, Section 7.8.1.3.

[0379] Table 5: Results of the determination of vitamins Further investigations by us on the oat fibers produced according to Example B1 above have shown that oat fibers containing minerals, trace elements and vitamins as listed above in Table 4 and Table 5 result in particularly advantageous combinations of properties of oat composite articles produced therefrom.

[0380] The dietary fiber content was determined according to AOAC 991.43 and AOAC 2009.1; the high molecular weight fiber (HMWDF) and soluble fiber (SDF) content were determined according to AOAC 991.43; the total fiber content (TDF) was determined according to AOAC 2009.1.

[0381] The high molecular weight fiber (HMWDF) content, determined according to AOAC 991.43, was 84.10 g per 100 g sample. The soluble fiber (SDFS) content, determined according to AOAC 991.43, was below the limit of quantification of 0.50 g per 100 g sample. The total fiber (TDF) content, determined according to AOAC 2009.1, was 84.60 g per 100 g sample.

[0382] In addition, Enterobacteriaceae were determined in oat fibers produced according to Example B1 above according to ISO 21528-2:2017-06; the result was 230 cfu / g.

[0383] The two mycotoxins "deoxynivalenol" and "zearalenone" were determined by HPLC MS / MS in oat fiber produced according to Example B1 above. Both values ​​were below the respective limit of quantification of 100 pg / kg for deoxynivalenol and 5 pg / kg for zearalenone.

[0384] Example B2-2: Analysis of spelt fiber components

[0385] Following the procedure in Example B1 above, spelt fibers were produced and analyzed from spelt husks. The measurement methods and results used are listed in Table 6; the measurement results are presented in simplified form in Table 6, in accordance with DIN EN ISO / IEC 17025:2018, Section 7.8.1.3.

[0386] Table 6: Analysis results for spelt fibers produced according to Example B1.

[0387] Example B3: Compounding

[0388] The selection of oat fibers in this example is merely exemplary; oat fibers made from oat hulls can also be used. In particular, compound materials can be produced in an equivalent manner using cereal fibers other than oat fibers, following the procedure described in this example. Likewise, the selection of polymer materials in this example is merely exemplary. Depending on the requirements of the specific case, the skilled person will also independently select other suitable polymer materials and carry out appropriate compounding.

[0389] First, quantities of polymer material and quantities of oat fibers prepared according to Example B1 above were provided according to a recipe.

[0390] B3-1 : Samples

[0391] Table 7: Recipes R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 for the inventive

[0392] Oat composite articles

[0393] T7-1] Commercially available as 0120 from Westfiber

[0394] Oat fibres produced according to Example B1 above were mixed with

[0395] Polypropylene (PP)

[0396] Polyethylene (PE) or

[0397] Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) compounded.

[0398] For each composition according to the specified recipes, compounding followed by strand granulation is carried out in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder (type ZE 42 Basic (x 46D) from KraussMaffei Extrusion) at 225 revolutions per minute and with the extruder head type SK ZW40-MB and a hole die for strand granulation with the dimensions 9 mm x 4.0 mm, so that oat composite granules result.

[0399] The processing temperatures depend on the plastic used, but should not exceed 210 °C B3-2: Reference samples

[0400] Table 8: Comparative formulations VR1, VR2, VR3, VR4, VR5 and VR6 for non-inventive comparative granules

[0401] T8-1] Commercially available as PBS Regiogradable from Biovox.

[0402] T8-2] Commercially available as ecovio® from BASF.

[0403] T8-3] Commercially available as B120 from Westfiber GmbH

[0404] T8-4] Commercially available as C120 from Westerkamp GmbH.

[0405] T8-5] Sunflower husk meal, obtained by pre-crushing and subsequent grinding on an impact disc mill and sieving in a plansifter to 120 pm.

[0406] In each case, compounding with subsequent strand granulation was carried out according to the recipes VR1 to VR4 given in Table 8 in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder (type ZE 42 Basic (x 46D) from KraussMaffei Extrusion) at 225 revolutions per minute and with the extruder head of type SK ZW40-MB and a hole die for strand granulation with the dimensions 9 mm x 4.0 mm, so that non-inventive comparative granules resulted.

[0407] The processing temperatures in the device zones 1 to 8 were selected as follows: Zone 1 = 25 °C, Zone 2 = 210 °C, Zone 3 = 210 °C, Zone 4 = 190 °C, Zone 5 = 190 °C, Zone 6 = 190 °C, Zone 7 = 205 °C, and Zone 8 = 205 °C. The compounded strands were cooled at 15 °C to 20 °C in a water bath with subsequent strand granulation. Example B4: Residual material moisture content

[0408] According to the recipes R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 in Table 7 above, oat composite granules were prepared according to the procedure in Example B3, Section 3-1 above.

[0409] With recipe R1, an oat composite granulate was obtained from which a sample P1-B4 was taken; with recipe R2, an oat composite granulate was obtained from which a sample P2-B4 was taken; with recipe R3, an oat composite granulate was obtained from which a sample P3-B4 was taken; with recipe R4, an oat composite granulate was obtained from which a sample P4-B4 was taken; with recipe R5, an oat composite granulate was obtained from which a sample P5-B4 was taken; with recipe R6, an oat composite granulate was obtained from which a sample P6-B4 was taken; with recipe R7, an oat composite granulate was obtained from which a sample P7-B4 was taken. With the recipe R8, an oat composite granulate was obtained from which a sample P8-B4 was taken.

[0410] In each case, the samples were taken immediately after granulation and then immediately transferred to a drying cabinet.

[0411] According to the comparison recipes VR1, VR2, VR3, VR4, VR5 and VR6 in Table 8 above, comparison granules were produced according to the procedure in Example B3, Section 3-2 above.

[0412] With the comparison recipe VR1, a comparison granulate was obtained from which a comparison sample VP1-B4 was taken; with the comparison recipe VR2, a comparison granulate was obtained from which a comparison sample VP2-B4 was taken; with the comparison recipe VR3, a comparison granulate was obtained from which a comparison sample VP3-B4 was taken; with the comparison recipe VR4, a comparison granulate was obtained from which a comparison sample VP4-B4 was taken; with the comparison recipe VR5, a comparison granulate was obtained from which a comparison sample VP5-B4 was taken; with the comparison recipe VR6, a comparison granulate was obtained from which a comparison sample VP6-B4 was taken.

[0413] The reference samples were taken immediately after granulation and then immediately transferred to a drying cabinet. Samples P1-B4, P2-B4, P3-B4, P4-B4, P5-B4, P6-B4, P7-B4, and P8-B4, as well as reference samples VP1-B4, VP2-B4, VP3-B4, VP4-B4, VP5-B4, and VP6-B4, were dried in a drying cabinet at 80°C for 16 hours. Immediately afterwards, the residual moisture content of the material was determined according to DIN EN ISO 15512:2019, Method E, using an Aquatrac-V analyzer from Brabender®.

[0414] The residual moisture content of samples P1-B4, P2-B4, P3-B4 and P4-B4, P4-B4, P5-B4, P6-B4, P7-B4, P8-B4 and P9-B4 ranged from 0.037% to 0.86%.

[0415] The residual moisture content of the reference sample VP3-B4 was 1.33%.

[0416] The residual moisture content of the reference sample VP4-B4 was 0.141%. The residual moisture content of the reference sample VP5-B4 was 0.123%.

[0417] The residual moisture content of the reference sample VP6-B4 was 0.098%.

[0418] Example B5: Injection molding

[0419] According to the recipes R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 in Table 7 above, oat composite granules were produced according to the procedure in Example B3, Section 3-1 above.

[0420] With recipe R1, an oat composite granulate G1-B5 was obtained; with recipe R2, an oat composite granulate G2-B5 was obtained; with recipe R3, an oat composite granulate G3-B5 was obtained; with recipe R4, an oat composite granulate G4-B5 was obtained; with recipe R5, an oat composite granulate G5-B5 was obtained; with recipe R6, an oat composite granulate G6-B5 was obtained; with recipe R7, an oat composite granulate G7-B5 was obtained; with recipe R8, an oat composite granulate G8-B5 was obtained; with recipe R9, an oat composite granulate G9-B5 was obtained.

[0421] Immediately after granulation, the oat composite granules were transferred to a drying cabinet and dried there for 16 hours at 80°C. They were then removed from the drying cabinet and immediately processed in a KraussMaffei KM 50-180 AX injection molding machine into Type A test specimens standardized according to DIN EN ISO 3167 and into stair treads.

[0422] The stair treads were 56 mm wide and 90 mm long, with material thicknesses spanning the entire width, graduating from 3 mm to 2 mm to 1 mm. The individual treads had surface dimensions of 56 mm by 30 mm from the top view.

[0423] The target processing temperatures for injection molding depend on the plastic used, but should not exceed 210 °C.

[0424] Table 9: Processing target temperatures for injection molding with the injection molding machine

[0425] Type KraussMaffei KM 50-180 AX

[0426] T9-1] Commercially available as PBS Regiogradable from Biovox.

[0427] T9-2] Commercially available as PHI 002 from NaturePlast.

[0428] T9-3] Commercially available as ecovio® from BASF.

[0429] According to the comparison recipes VR1, VR2, VR3, VR4, VR5 and VR6 in Table 8 above, comparison granules were produced according to the procedure in Example B3, Section 3-2 above.

[0430] A comparative granulate VG1-B5 was obtained with the comparative recipe VR1; a comparative granulate VG2-B5 was obtained with the comparative recipe VR2; a comparative granulate VG3-B5 was obtained with the comparative recipe VR3; a comparative granulate VG4-B5 was obtained with the comparative recipe VR4; a comparative granulate VG5-B5 was obtained with the comparative recipe VR5; and a comparative granulate VG6-B5 was obtained with the comparative recipe VR6.

[0431] Immediately after granulation, the granules were transferred to a drying cabinet and dried there for 16 hours at 80°C. They were then removed from the drying cabinet and immediately processed in a KraussMaffei KM 50-180 AX injection molding machine to produce Type A reference test specimens standardized according to DIN EN ISO 3167 and to produce reference stair tread panels.

[0432] The target processing temperatures during injection molding are listed in Table 9. From the oat composite granulate G1-B5, test specimens of type PK1-B5 and stair treads of type TP1-B5 were obtained; from the oat composite granulate G2-B5, test specimens of type PK2-B5 and stair treads of type TP2-B5 were obtained; from the oat composite granulate G3-B5, test specimens of type PK3-B5 and stair treads of type TP3-B5 were obtained; from the oat composite granulate G4-B5, test specimens of type PK4-B5 and stair treads of type TP4-B5 were obtained; from the oat composite granulate G5-B5, test specimens of type PK5-B5 and stair treads of type TP5-B5 were obtained. From the oat composite granulate G6-B5, test specimens of type PK6-B5 and stair tread plates of type TP6-B5 were obtained; from the oat composite granulate G7-B5, test specimens of type PK7-B5 and stair tread plates of type TP7-B5 were obtained;From the oat composite granulate G8-B5, test specimens of type PK8-B5 and stair treads of type TP8-B5 were obtained; from the oat composite granulate G9-B5, test specimens of type PK9-B5 and stair treads of type TP9-B5 were obtained.

[0433] From the comparison granulate VG1-B5, comparison test specimens of type VPK1-B5 and comparison stair tread plates of type VTP1-B5 were obtained; from the comparison granulate VG2-B5, comparison test specimens of type VPK2-B5 and comparison stair tread plates of type VTP2-B5 were obtained; from the comparison granulate VG3-B5, comparison test specimens of type VPK3-B5 and comparison stair tread plates of type VTP3-B5 were obtained; from the comparison granulate VG4-B5, comparison test specimens of type VPK4-B5 and comparison stair tread plates of type VTP4-B5 were obtained; from the comparison granulate VG5-B5, comparison test specimens of type VPK5-B5 and comparison stair tread plates of type VTP5-B5 were obtained. From the comparison granulate VG6-B5, comparison test specimens of type VPK6-B5 and comparison stair tread plates of type VTP6-B5 were obtained.

[0434] Example B6: Odor assessment

[0435] Following the procedure in Example B5 above, standardised test specimens of type A of design PK1-B5 were manufactured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 3167, namely the test specimens PK1-B6-01, PK1-B6-02, PK1-B6-03, PK1-B6-04, PK1-B6-05, PK1-B6-06, PK1-B6-07, PK1-B6-08, PK1-B6-09 and PK1-B6-10. Following the procedure in Example B5 above, standardised test specimens of type A of design PK2-B5 were manufactured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 3167, namely the test specimens PK2-B6-01, PK2-B6-02, PK2-B6-03, PK2-B6-04, PK2-B6-05, PK2-B6-06, PK2-B6-07, PK2-B6-08, PK2-B6-09 and PK2-B6-10. Following the procedure in Example B5 above, standardised test specimens of type A of design PK3-B5 were manufactured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 3167, namely the test specimens PK3-B6-01, PK3-B6-02, PK3-B6-03, PK3-B6-04, PK3-B6-05, PK3-B6-06, PK3-B6-07, PK3-B6-08, PK3-B6-09 and PK3-B6-10.Following the procedure in Example B5 above, standardised test specimens of type A of design PK4-B5 were manufactured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 3167, namely the test specimens PK4-B6-01, PK4-B6-02, PK4-B6-03, PK4-B6-04, PK4-B6-05, PK4-B6-06, PK4-B6-07, PK4-B6-08, PK4-B6-09 and PK4-B6-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, standardized test specimens of type A of design PK5-B5 were manufactured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 3167, namely the test specimens PK5-B6-01, PK5-B6-02, PK5-B6-03, PK5-B6-04, PK5-B6-05, PK5-B6-06, PK5-B6-07, PK5-B6-08, PK5-B6-09 and PK5-B6-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, standardized test specimens of type A of design PK6-B5 were manufactured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 3167, namely the test specimens PK6-B6-01, PK6-B6-02, PK6-B6-03, PK6-B6-04, PK6-B6-05, PK6-B6-06, PK6-B6-07, PK6-B6-08, PK6-B6-09 and PK6-B6-10.Following the procedure in Example B5 above, standardised test specimens of type A of design PK7-B5 were manufactured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 3167, namely the test specimens PK7-B6-01, PK7-B6-02, PK7-B6-03, PK7-B6-04, PK7-B6-05, PK7-B6-06, PK7-B6-07, PK7-B6-08, PK7-B6-09 and PK7-B6-10. Following the procedure in Example B5 above, standardised test specimens of type A of design PK8-B5 were manufactured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 3167, namely the test specimens PK8-B6-01, PK8-B6-02, PK8-B6-03, PK8-B6-04, PK8-B6-05, PK8-B6-06, PK8-B6-07, PK8-B6-08, PK8-B6-09 and PK8-B6-10.

[0436] According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison stair treads of type VTP1-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP1-B6-01, VTP1-B6-02, VTP1-B6-03, VTP1-B6-04, VTP1-B6-05, VTP1-B6-06, VTP1-B6-07, VTP1-B6-08, VTP1-B6-09 and VTP1-B6-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison stair treads of type VTP2-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP2-B6-01, VTP2-B6-02, VTP2-B6-03, VTP2-B6-04, VTP2-B6-05, VTP2-B6-06, VTP2-B6-07, VTP2-B6-08, VTP2-B6-09 and VTP2-B6-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison stair treads of type VTP3-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP3-B6-01, VTP3-B6-02, VTP3-B6-03, VTP3-B6-04, VTP3-B6-05, VTP3-B6-06, VTP3-B6-07, VTP3-B6-08, VTP3-B6-09 and VTP3-B6-10.According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison stair treads of type VTP4-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP4-B6-01, VTP4-B6-02, VTP4-B6-03, VTP4-B6-04, VTP4-B6-05, VTP4-B6-06, VTP4-B6-07, VTP4-B6-08, VTP4-B6-09 and VTP4-B6-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison stair treads of type VTP5-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP5-B6-01, VTP5-B6-02, VTP5-B6-03, VTP5-B6-04, VTP5-B6-05, VTP5-B6-06, VTP5-B6-07, VTP5-B6-08, VTP5-B6-09 and VTP5-B6-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison stair treads of type VTP6-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP6-B6-01, VTP6-B6-02, VTP6-B6-03, VTP6-B6-04, VTP6-B6-05, VTP6-B6-06, VTP6-B6-07, VTP6-B6-08, VTP6-B6-09 and VTP6-B6-10.

[0437] All of the test specimens and comparison stair tread plates produced in Example B6 were dried in a drying cabinet at 80°C for a period of 16 h.

[0438] The test specimens and reference stair treads were then cooled to room temperature in ambient air. One test specimen of each type and one reference stair tread of each type were then presented to a member of an untrained, ten-person sensory panel for evaluation. In a blind test, all members of the sensory panel evaluated the inherent odor.

[0439] The inherent odor of the test specimens was rated significantly more positively than the inherent odor of the comparison stair tread tiles. The inherent odor of the stair tread tiles of types VTP4-B5, VTP5-B5, and VTP6-B5 was rated as the least positive.

[0440] Example B7: Color evaluation after injection molding

[0441] Following the procedure in Example B5 above, stair treads of type TP1-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP1-B7-01, TP1-B7-02, TP1-B7-03, TP1-B7-04, TP1-B7-05, TP1-B7-06, TP1-B7-07, TP1-B7-08, TP1-B7-09 and TP1-B7-10. Following the procedure in Example B5 above, stair treads of type TP2-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP2-B7-01, TP2-B7-02, TP2-B7-03, TP2-B7-04, TP2-B7-05, TP2-B7-06, TP2-B7-07, TP2-B7-08, TP2-B7-09 and TP2-B7-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, stair treads of type TP3-B5 were manufactured, namely the stair treads TP3-B7-01, TP3-B7-02, TP3-B7-03, TP3-B7-04, TP3-B7-05, TP3-B7-06, TP3-B7-07, TP3-B7-08, TP3-B7-09 and TP3-B7-10.Following the procedure in Example B5 above, stair treads of type TP4-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP4-B7-01, TP4-B7-02, TP4-B7-03, TP4-B7-04, TP4-B7-05, TP4-B7-06, TP4-B7-07, TP4-B7-08, TP4-B7-09 and TP4-B7-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, stair treads of type TP5-B5 were manufactured, namely the stair treads TP5-B7-01, TP5-B7-02, TP5-B7-03, TP5-B7-04, TP5-B7-05, TP5-B7-06, TP5-B7-07, TP5-B7-08, TP5-B7-09 and TP5-B7-10. Following the procedure in Example B5 above, stair treads of type TP6-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP6-B7-01, TP6-B7-02, TP6-B7-03, TP6-B7-04, TP6-B7-05, TP6-B7-06, TP6-B7-07, TP6-B7-08, TP6-B7-09 and TP6-B7-10.Following the procedure in Example B5 above, stair treads of type TP7-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP7-B7-01, TP7-B7-02, TP7-B7-03, TP7-B7-04, TP7-B7-05, TP7-B7-06, TP7-B7-07, TP7-B7-08, TP7-B7-09 and TP7-B7-10. Following the procedure in Example B5 above, stair treads of type TP8-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP8-B7-01, TP8-B7-02, TP8-B7-03, TP8-B7-04, TP8-B7-05, TP8-B7-06, TP8-B7-07, TP8-B7-08, TP8-B7-09 and TP8-B7-10. Following the procedure in Example B5 above, stair tread plates of type TP9-B5 were manufactured, namely the stair tread plates TP9-B7-01, TP9-B7-02, TP9-B7-03, TP9-B7-04, TP9-B7-05, TP9-B7-06, TP9-B7-07, TP9-B7-08, TP9-B7-09 and TP9-B7-10.

[0442] According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison stair treads of type VTP1-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP1-B7-01, VTP1-B7-02, VTP1-B7-03, VTP1-B7-04, VTP1-B7-05, VTP1-B7-06, VTP1-B7-07, VTP1-B7-08, VTP1-B7-09 and VTP1-B7-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison stair treads of type VTP2-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP2-B7-01, VTP2-B7-02, VTP2-B7-03, VTP2-B7-04, VTP2-B7-05, VTP2-B7-06, VTP2-B7-07, VTP2-B7-08, VTP2-B7-09 and VTP2-B7-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison stair treads of type VTP3-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP3-B7-01, VTP3-B7-02, VTP3-B7-03, VTP3-B7-04, VTP3-B7-05, VTP3-B7-06, VTP3-B7-07, VTP3-B7-08, VTP3-B7-09 and VTP3-B7-10.According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison stair treads of type VTP4-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP4-B7-01, VTP4-B7-02, VTP4-B7-03, VTP4-B7-04, VTP4-B7-05, VTP4-B7-06, VTP4-B7-07, VTP4-B7-08, VTP4-B7-09 and VTP4-B7-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison stair treads of type VTP5-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP5-B7-01, VTP5-B7-02, VTP5-B7-03, VTP5-B7-04, VTP5-B7-05, VTP5-B7-06, VTP5-B7-07, VTP5-B7-08, VTP5-B7-09 and VTP5-B7-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison stair treads of type VTP6-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP6-B7-01, VTP6-B7-02, VTP6-B7-03, VTP6-B7-04, VTP6-B7-05, VTP6-B7-06, VTP6-B7-07, VTP6-B7-08, VTP6-B7-09 and VTP6-B7-10.

[0443] All of the stair tread plates and comparison stair tread plates produced in Example B7 were dried in a drying cabinet at 80°C for a period of 16 h.

[0444] The stair treads and comparison stair treads were then cooled to room temperature in the ambient air. One stair tread of each design and one comparison stair tread of each design were then presented to a member of an untrained panel of ten people for evaluation. In a blind test, the brightness of the color impression, which is often desired and perceived as positive in the field of the present invention, was evaluated.

[0445] The brightness of the color impression of the stair treads according to the invention was rated on average significantly more positively than that of the comparison stair treads.

[0446] Our own tests have also shown that the stair treads according to the invention, types TP1-B5, TP2-B5, TP3-B5, TP4-B5, TP5-B5, TP6-B5, TP7-B5, TP8-B5, and TP9-B5, could be printed with very good contrast using conventional printing processes with both brown and black inks. The printability tests of the comparative stair treads produced yielded less favorable results in all cases.

[0447] Example B8 - Determination of the melt mass flow rate (MFR)

[0448] According to the recipes R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 in Table 7 above, oat composite granules were prepared according to the procedure in Example B3, Section 3-1 above.

[0449] With recipe R1, an oat composite granulate G1-B8 was obtained; with recipe R2, an oat composite granulate G2-B8 was obtained; with recipe R3, an oat composite granulate G3-B8 was obtained; with recipe R4, an oat composite granulate G4-B8 was obtained; with recipe R5, an oat composite granulate G5-B8 was obtained; with recipe R6, an oat composite granulate G6-B8 was obtained; with recipe R7, an oat composite granulate G7-B8 was obtained; with recipe R8, an oat composite granulate G8-B8 was obtained; with recipe R9, an oat composite granulate G4-B9 was obtained.

[0450] Immediately after granulation, the oat composite granules were transferred to a drying cabinet and dried there for 16 hours at 80°C. They were then removed from the drying cabinet and immediately processed in a KraussMaffei KM 50-180 AX injection molding machine into Type A test specimens standardized according to DIN EN ISO 3167 and into stair treads.

[0451] According to the comparison recipes VR1, VR2 and VR3 in Table 8 above, comparison granules were each produced according to the procedure in Example B3, Section 3-2 above.

[0452] A comparative granulate VG1-B8 was obtained with the comparative recipe VR1; a comparative granulate VG2-B8 was obtained with the comparative recipe VR2; and a comparative granulate VG3-B8 was obtained with the comparative recipe VR3.

[0453] Immediately after granulation, the oat composite granules and the comparison granules were transferred to a drying cabinet and dried at 80°C for a period of 16 h.

[0454] For the oat composite granules produced in Example B8 and for the comparison granules produced in Example B8, the melt mass-flow rate (MFR) was determined according to Method B of DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011. A load of 5 kg and a test temperature of 190°C were selected in each case. A specified piston travel of 2 mm was selected in each case as defined in Section 12 g) for Method B of DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011.

[0455] For oat composite granules G1-B8, individual measured values ​​for the melt mass flow rate (MFR), determined according to method B of DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011, resulted in the range from 1.0 g / 10min to 14 g / 10min.

[0456] For oat composite granules G2-B8, individual measured values ​​for the melt mass flow rate (MFR), determined according to method B of DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011, ranged from 0.1 g / 10 min to 6.5 g / 10 min. For oat composite granules G3-B8, individual measured values ​​for the melt mass flow rate (MFR), determined according to method B of DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011, ranged from 0.01 g / 10 min to 4.5 g / 10 min.

[0457] For oat composite granules G4-B8, individual measured values ​​for the melt mass flow rate (MFR), determined according to method B of DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011, resulted in the range from 1.0 g / 10min to 12 g / 10min.

[0458] For oat composite granules G5-B8, individual measured values ​​for the melt mass flow rate (MFR), determined according to method B of DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011, resulted in the range from 0.5 g / 10min to 4 g / 10min.

[0459] For oat composite granules G6-B8, individual measured values ​​for the melt mass flow rate (MFR), determined according to method B of DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011, resulted in the range from 0.02 g / 10min to 2.0 g / 10min.

[0460] For oat composite granules G7-B8, individual measured values ​​for the melt mass flow rate (MFR), determined according to method B of DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011, resulted in the range from 1.0 g / 10min to 2.5 g / 10min.

[0461] For oat composite granules G8-B8, individual measured values ​​for the melt mass flow rate (MFR), determined according to method B of DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011, resulted in the range from 0.1 g / 10min to 2.0 g / 10min.

[0462] For oat composite granules G9-B8, individual measured values ​​for the melt mass flow rate (MFR), determined according to method B of DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011, resulted in the range from 0.08 g / 10min to 1.5 g / 10min.

[0463] Such measured values ​​are considered particularly advantageous in many cases in the field of the present invention. Example B9: Density Determination

[0464] According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK1-B5 were produced, namely test specimens PK1-B9-01, PK1-B9-02, PK1-B9-03, PK1-B9-04 and PK1-B9-05. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK2-B5 were produced, namely test specimens PK2-B9-01, PK2-B9-02, PK2-B9-03, PK2-B9-04 and PK2-B9-05. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK3-B5 were produced, namely test specimens PK3-B9-01, PK3-B9-02, PK3-B9-03, PK3-B9-04 and PK3-B9-05. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK4-B5 were manufactured, namely the test specimens PK4-B9-01, PK4-B9-02, PK4-B9-03, PK4-B9-04 and PK4-B9-05.

[0465] According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK5-B5 were manufactured, namely the test specimens PK5-B9-01, PK5-B9-02, PK5-B9-03, PK5-B9-04 and PK5-B9-05.

[0466] According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK6-B5 were manufactured, namely the test specimens PK6-B9-01, PK6-B9-02, PK6-B9-03, PK6-B9-04 and PK6-B9-05.

[0467] According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK7-B5 were manufactured, namely the test specimens PK7-B9-01, PK7-B9-02, PK7-B9-03, PK7-B9-04 and PK7-B9-05.

[0468] According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK8-B5 were manufactured, namely the test specimens PK8-B9-01, PK8-B9-02, PK8-B9-03, PK8-B9-04 and PK8-B9-05.

[0469] According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK9-B5 were manufactured, namely the test specimens PK9-B9-01, PK9-B9-02, PK9-B9-03, PK9-B9-04 and PK9-B9-05.

[0470] According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK1-B5 were produced, namely the comparison test specimens VPK1-B9-01, VPK1-B9-02, VPK1-B9-03, VPK1-B9-04, VPK1-B9-05. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK2-B5 were produced, namely the comparison test specimens VPK2-B9-01, VPK2-B9-02, VPK2-B9-03, VPK2-B9-04, VPK2-B9-05. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK3-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK3-B9-01, VPK3-B9-02, VPK3-B9-03, VPK3-B9-04, VPK3-B9-05.

[0471] The density of the test specimens prepared in Example B9 and the density of the reference specimens prepared in Example B9 were determined according to Method A (immersion method) of DIN EN ISO 1183-1:2019. Freshly deionized water, to which 0.1% ethanol was added as a wetting agent to assist in the separation of air bubbles, was used as the immersion liquid as defined in Section 5.1.2 of DIN EN ISO 1183-1:2019. The temperature of the immersion liquid was 27°C ± 2°C. No correction for air buoyancy was made. For each sample, five individual measurements were performed on different test specimens or reference specimens of the same composition.

[0472] The density of the test specimens of type PK1-B5, PK2-B5 and PK3-B5 was in the range of 1 .0 g / cm 3 up to 1.3 g / cm 3 .

[0473] The density of the test specimens of type PK4-B5, PK5-B5 and PK6-B5 was in the range of 1 .0 g / cm 3 up to 1.3 g / cm 3 .

[0474] The density of the test specimens of type PK7-B5, PK8-B5 and PK9-B5 was in the range of 1.2 g / cm 3 up to 1.4 g / cm 3 .

[0475] The density of the comparative test specimens of the types VPK1-B5, VPK2-B5 and VPK3-B5 was in the range of 1.3 g / cm 3 up to 1.4 g / cm 3 .

[0476] Example B10: Determination of tensile properties

[0477] According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK1-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK1-B10-01, PK1-B10-02, PK1-B10-03, PK1-B10-04, PK1-B10-05, PK1-B10-06, PK1-B10-07, PK1-B10-08, PK1-B10-09 and PK1-B10-10. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK2-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK2-B10-01, PK2-B10-02, PK2-B10-03, PK2-B10-04, PK2-B10-05, PK2-B10-06, PK2-B10-07, PK2-B10-08, PK2-B10-09 and PK2-B10-10. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK3-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK3-B10-01, PK3-B10-02, PK3-B10-03, PK3-B10-04, PK3-B10-05, PK3-B10-06, PK3-B10-07, PK3-B10-08, PK3-B10-09 and PK3-B10-10. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK4-B5 were manufactured, namely the test specimens PK4-B10-01, PK4-B10-02, PK4-B10-03, PK4-B10-04, PK4-B10-05, PK4-B10-06, PK4-B10-07, PK4-B10-08, PK4-B10-09 and PK4-B10-10.According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK5-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK5-B10-01, PK5-B10-02, PK5-B10-03, PK5-B10-04, PK5-B10-05, PK5-B10-06, PK5-B10-07, PK5-B10-08, PK5-B10-09 and PK5-B10-10. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK6-B5 were manufactured, namely the test specimens PK6-B10-01, PK6-B10-02, PK6-B10-03, PK6-B10-04, PK6-B10-05, PK6-B10-06, PK6-B10-07, PK6-B10-08, PK6-B10-09 and PK6-B10-10. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK7-B5 were produced, namely the test specimens PK7-B10-01, PK7-B10-02, PK7-B10-03, PK7-B10-04, PK7-B10-05, PK7-B10-06, PK7-B10-07, PK7-B10-08, PK7-B10-09 and PK7-B10-10. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK8-B5 were produced, namely the test specimens PK8-B10-01, PK8-B10-02, PK8-B10-03, PK8-B10-04, PK8-B10-05, PK8-B10-06, PK8-B10-07, PK8-B10-08, PK8-B10-09 and PK8-B10-10.According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK9-B5 were manufactured, namely the test specimens PK9-B10-01, PK9-B10-02, PK9-B10-03, PK9-B10-04, PK9-B10-05, PK9-B10-06, PK9-B10-07, PK9-B10-08, PK9-B10-09 and PK9-B10-10.

[0478] According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK1-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK1-B10-01, VPK1-B10-02, VPK1-B10-03, VPK1-B10-04, VPK1-B10-05, VPK1-B10-06, VPK1-B10-07, VPK1-B10-08, VPK1-B10-09 and VPK1-B10-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK2-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK2-B10-01, VPK2-B10-02, VPK2-B10-03, VPK2-B10-04, VPK2-B10-05, VPK2-B10-06, VPK2-B10-07, VPK2-B10-08, VPK2-B10-09 and VPK2-B10-10. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK3-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK3-B10-01, VPK3-B10-02, VPK3-B10-03, VPK3-B10-04, VPK3-B10-05, VPK3-B10-06, VPK3-B10-07, VPK3-B10-08, VPK3-B10-09, VPK3-B10-10.

[0479] The tensile properties of the test specimens prepared in Example B10 and the tensile properties of the comparison test specimens prepared in Example B10 were determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2:2012.

[0480] The tensile modulus, tensile strength, tensile elongation and dimensions of the specimens used were determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 527-2:2012.

[0481] The tensile properties were determined using a Zwick Roell Z020 device and a Type 8497 30 kN pneumatic specimen grip. The load cell was 20 kN. The test speed was 1 mm / min for determining the characteristic value in the elastic range and 50 mm / min for determining the characteristic value in the plastic range. The clamping length at the starting position was 115.00 mm, and the gauge length was 75 mm. The specimens were tested at 23 °C room temperature and 23 °C body temperature, and at a relative humidity of 50%.

[0482] The tensile strength values ​​of the PK1-B5 test specimens were in the range of 20 MPa to 55 MPa.

[0483] The tensile strength values ​​of the PK2-B5 test specimens were in the range of 19 MPa to 54 MPa.

[0484] The tensile strength values ​​of the PK3-B5 test specimens were in the range of 17 MPa to 34 MPa.

[0485] The tensile strength values ​​of the PK4-B5 test specimens were in the range of 18 MPa to 31 MPa.

[0486] The tensile strength values ​​of the PK5-B5 test specimens were in the range of 17 MPa to 27 MPa.

[0487] The tensile strength values ​​of the PK6-B5 test specimens were in the range of 11 MPa to 21 MPa.

[0488] The tensile strength values ​​of the PK7-B5 test specimens were in the range of 18 MPa to 43 MPa.

[0489] The tensile strength values ​​of the PK8-B5 test specimens were in the range of 16 MPa to 41 MPa.

[0490] The tensile strength values ​​of the PK9-B5 test specimens were in the range of 13 MPa to 31 MPa.

[0491] The values ​​for the tensile modulus of the PK1-B5 test specimens were in the range of 1700 MPa to 5300 MPa.

[0492] The tensile modulus values ​​of the PK2-B5 test specimens ranged from 1800 MPa to 5900 MPa. The tensile modulus values ​​of the PK3-B5 test specimens ranged from 2500 MPa to 7000 MPa.

[0493] The values ​​for the tensile modulus of the PK4-B5 test specimens were in the range of 1000 MPa to 3000 MPa.

[0494] The values ​​for the tensile modulus of the PK5-B5 test specimens were in the range of 3200 MPa to 4500 MPa.

[0495] The values ​​for the tensile modulus of the PK6-B5 test specimens were in the range of 2600 MPa to 6500 MPa.

[0496] The values ​​for the tensile modulus of the PK7-B5 test specimens were in the range from 900 MPa to 6400 MPa.

[0497] The values ​​for the tensile modulus of the PK8-B5 test specimens were in the range of 1600 MPa to 7000 MPa.

[0498] The values ​​for the tensile modulus of the PK9-B5 test specimens were in the range of 1800 MPa to 7500 MPa.

[0499] The values ​​for the tensile elongation of the test specimens of type PK1 -B5 were in the range of 1.5% to 2.5%.

[0500] The values ​​for the tensile elongation of the test specimens of type PK2-B5 were in the range of 1.0% to 1.8%.

[0501] The values ​​for the tensile elongation of the test specimens of type PK3-B5 were in the range of 0.8% to 1.5%.

[0502] The values ​​for the tensile elongation of the test specimens of type PK4-B5 were in the range of 1.0% to 2.5%.

[0503] The values ​​for the tensile elongation of the test specimens of type PK5-B5 were in the range of 0.9% to 3.0%.

[0504] The tensile elongation values ​​of the PK6-B5 test specimens ranged from 0.7% to 2.8%. The tensile elongation values ​​of the PK7-B5 test specimens ranged from 1.2% to 3.0%.

[0505] The tensile elongation values ​​of the PK8-B5 test specimens ranged from 0.3% to 2.5%. The tensile elongation values ​​of the PK9-B5 test specimens ranged from 0.2% to 1.5%.

[0506] The values ​​for the comparison test specimens are given in Tables 10, 11 and 12. Table 10: Determination of the tensile properties of comparison test specimens of type VPK1-B5

[0507]

[0508]

[0509] Example B11 : Determination of bending properties

[0510] According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK1-B5 were produced, namely test specimens PK1-B11-01, PK1-B11-02, PK1-B11-03, PK1-B11-04 and PK1-B11-05. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK2-B5 were produced, namely test specimens PK2-B11-01, PK2-B11-02, PK2-B11-03, PK2-B11-04 and PK2-B11-05. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK3-B5 were produced, namely test specimens PK3-B11-01, PK3-B11-02, PK3-B11-03, PK3-B11-04 and PK3-B11-05. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK4-B5 were produced, namely test specimens PK4-B11-01, PK4-B11-02, PK4-B11-03, PK4-B11-04 and PK4-B11-05. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK5-B5 were produced, namely test specimens PK5-B11-01, PK5-B11-02, PK5-B11-03, PK5-B11-04 and PK5-B11-05. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK6-B5 were produced, namely test specimens PK6-B11-01, PK6-B11-02, PK6-B11-03, PK6-B11-04 and PK6-B11-05.According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK7-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK7-B11-01, PK7-B11-02, PK7-B11-03, PK7-B11-04, and PK7-B11-05. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK8-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK8-B11-01, PK8-B11-02, PK8-B11-03, PK8-B11-04, and PK8-B11-05. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK9-B5 were manufactured, namely the test specimens PK9-B11-01, PK9-B11-02, PK9-B11-03, PK9-B11-04 and PK9-B11-05.

[0511] According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK1-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK1-B11-01, VPK1-B11-02, VPK1-B11-03, VPK1-B11-04 and VPK1-B11-05. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK2-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK2-B11-01, VPK2-B11-02, VPK2-B11-03, VPK2-B11-04 and VPK2-B11-05. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK3-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK3-B11-01, VPK3-B11-02, VPK3-B11-03, VPK3-B11-04 and VPK3-B11-05.

[0512] The flexural properties of the test specimens prepared in Example B11 and the flexural properties of the reference test specimens prepared in Example B11 were determined according to Method A of DIN EN ISO 178:2019, with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm / min.

[0513] The flexural properties were determined using a Zwick Roell Z2.5kN TN device. The load cell was 2.5 kN. The support spacing was 64 mm. A specimen support with a radius of 5 mm was used. The specimens were tested at 23 °C room temperature and 23 °C specimen temperature, and at a relative humidity of 50%.

[0514] The determination was carried out according to Method A of DIN EN ISO 178:2019 using the parameters specified above. In addition, the maximum force applied and the dimensions of the specimens used were determined.

[0515] The values ​​for the flexural strength of the test specimens of type PK1-B5 were in the range of 36 MPa to 65 MPa.

[0516] The values ​​for the flexural strength of the PK2-B5 test specimens were in the range of 27 MPa to 56 MPa.

[0517] The values ​​for the flexural strength of the PK3-B5 test specimens were in the range of 25 MPa to 46 MPa.

[0518] The values ​​for the flexural strength of the PK4-B5 test specimens were in the range of 18 MPa to 40 MPa.

[0519] The values ​​for the flexural strength of the PK5-B5 test specimens were in the range of 20 MPa to 36 MPa.

[0520] The values ​​for the flexural strength of the PK6-B5 test specimens were in the range of 17 MPa to 44 MPa.

[0521] The values ​​for the flexural strength of the PK7-B5 test specimens were in the range of 42 MPa to 75 MPa.

[0522] The values ​​for the flexural strength of the PK8-B5 test specimens were in the range of 30 MPa to 46 MPa.

[0523] The flexural strength values ​​of the PK9-B5 test specimens ranged from 20 MPa to 35 MPa. The flexural modulus of elasticity values ​​of the PK1-B5 test specimens ranged from 1700 MPa to 4800 MPa.

[0524] The values ​​for the flexural elastic modulus of the PK2-B5 test specimens were in the range of 2100 MPa to 5500 MPa.

[0525] The values ​​for the flexural elastic modulus of the PK3-B5 test specimens were in the range of 3800 MPa to 6100 MPa.

[0526] The values ​​for the flexural elastic modulus of the PK4-B5 test specimens were in the range of 1000 MPa to 3800 MPa.

[0527] The values ​​for the flexural elastic modulus of the PK5-B5 test specimens were in the range of 2000 MPa to 3300 MPa.

[0528] The values ​​for the flexural elastic modulus of the PK6-B5 test specimens were in the range of 1800 MPa to 4800 MPa.

[0529] The values ​​for the flexural elastic modulus of the PK7-B5 test specimens were in the range of 3000 MPa to 5800 MPa.

[0530] The values ​​for the flexural elastic modulus of the PK8-B5 test specimens were in the range of 2400 MPa to 3500 MPa.

[0531] The values ​​for the flexural elastic modulus of the PK9-B5 test specimens were in the range of 1900 MPa to 3500 MPa.

[0532] The values ​​for the bending strain of the test specimens of type PK1-B5 were in the range of 2.0% to 2.5%.

[0533] The values ​​for the bending strain of the PK2-B5 test specimens were in the range of 1.2% to 2.0%. The values ​​for the bending strain of the PK3-B5 test specimens were in the range of 0.7% to 1.8%.

[0534] The values ​​for the bending strain of the PK4-B5 test specimens were in the range of 1.8% to 2.6%. The values ​​for the bending strain of the PK5-B5 test specimens were in the range of 1.0% to 2.0%.

[0535] The values ​​for the bending strain of the test specimens of type PK6-B5 were in the range of 0.8% to 1.9%.

[0536] The values ​​for the bending strain of the test specimens of type PK7-B5 were in the range of 1.5% to 3.0%.

[0537] The values ​​for the bending strain of the test specimens of type PK8-B5 were in the range of 1.0% to 2.5%.

[0538] The bending strain values ​​for the PK9-B5 test specimens ranged from 1.0% to 2.0%. The values ​​for the comparison specimens are given in Table 13.

[0539]

[0540] Example B12: Determination of the Charpy impact strength of unnotched specimens

[0541] According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK1-B5 were produced, namely test specimens PK1-B12-01, PK1-B12-02, PK1-B12-03, PK1-B12-04, PK1-B12-05, PK1-B12-06, PK1-B12-07, PK1-B12-08, PK1-B12-09, PK1-B12-10, PK1-B12-11 and PK1-B12-12. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK2-B5 were produced, namely test specimens PK2-B12-01, PK2-B12-02, PK2-B12-03, PK2-B12-04, PK2-B12-05, PK2-B12-06, PK2-B12-07, PK2-B12-08, PK2-B12-09, PK2-B12-10, PK2-B12-11, and PK2-B12-12. Test specimens of type PK3-B5 were manufactured according to Example B5 above, namely test specimens PK3-B12-01, PK3-B12-02, PK3-B12-03, PK3-B12-04, PK3-B12-05, PK3-B12-06, PK3-B12-07, PK3-B12-08, PK3-B12-09, PK3-B12-10, PK3-B12-11, and PK3-B12-12. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK4-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK4-B12-01, PK4-B12-02, PK4-B12-03, PK4-B12-04, PK4-B12-05, PK4-B12-06, PK4-B12-07, PK4-B12-08, PK4-B12-09, PK4-B12-10, PK4-B12-11 and PK4-B12-12.According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK5-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK5-B12-01, PK5-B12-02, PK5-B12-03, PK5-B12-04, PK5-B12-05, PK5-B12-06, PK5-B12-07, PK5-B12-08, PK5-B12-09, PK5-B12-10, PK5-B12-11 and PK5-B12-12. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK6-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK6-B12-01, PK6-B12-02, PK6-B12-03, PK6-B12-04, PK6-B12-05, PK6-B12-06, PK6-B12-07, PK6-B12-08, PK6-B12-09, PK6-B12-10, PK6-B12-11 and PK6-B12-12. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK7-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK7-B12-01, PK7-B12-02, PK7-B12-03, PK7-B12-04, PK7-B12-05, PK7-B12-06, PK7-B12-07, PK7-B12-08, PK7-B12-09, PK7-B12-10, PK7-B12-11 and PK7-B12-12. According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK8-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK8-B12-01, PK8-B12-02, PK8-B12-03, PK8-B12-04, PK8-B12-05, PK8-B12-06, PK8-B12-07, PK8-B12-08, PK8-B12-09, PK8-B12-10, PK8-B12-11 and PK8-B12-12.According to Example B5 above, test specimens of type PK9-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK9-B12-01, PK9-B12-02, PK9-B12-03, PK9-B12-04, PK9-B12-05, PK9-B12-06, PK9-B12-07, PK9-B12-08, PK9-B12-09, PK9-B12-10, PK9-B12-11 and PK9-B12-12.

[0542] According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK1-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK1-B12-01, VPK1-B12-02, VPK1-B12-03, VPK1-B12-04, VPK1-B12-05, VPK1-B12-06, VPK1-B12-07, VPK1-B12-08, VPK1-B12-09, VPK1-B12-10, VPK1-B12-11 and VPK1-B12-12. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK2-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK2-B12-01, VPK2-B12-02, VPK2-B12-03, VPK2-B12-04, VPK2-B12-05, VPK2-B12-06, VPK2-B12-07, VPK2-B12-08, VPK2-B12-09, VPK2-B12-10, VPK2-B12-11 and VPK2-B12-12. According to the procedure in Example B5 above, comparison test specimens of type VPK3-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK3-B12-01, VPK3-B12-02, VPK3-B12-03, VPK3-B12-04, VPK3-B12-05, VPK3-B12-06, VPK3-B12-07, VPK3-B12-08, VPK3-B12-09, VPK3-B12-10, VPK3-B12-11 and VPK3-B12-12.

[0543] The Charpy impact strength of the test specimens produced in Examples B10 and B12, respectively, and the Charpy impact strength of the comparative test specimens produced in Examples B10 and B12, respectively, were determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 179-1:2010 using the ISO 179-1 / 1 eU method. For this purpose, the Type A test specimens were shortened to 80 mm + / - 2 mm in accordance with DIN EN ISO 3167:2014, Section 3, and then used. The Charpy impact strength of unnotched test specimens and test pieces was determined using a Zwick Roell HIT 25P device. The nominal energy capacity of the pendulum was 5 joules. The test specimens were each used at 23 °C room temperature and 23 °C specimen temperature, and at a relative humidity of 50%.

[0544] "Ec" represents the corrected energy (in joules) absorbed to fracture the specimen. The failure mode designation "C" has the meaning defined in DIN EN ISO 179-1:2010, namely that a complete fracture, including hinge failure, has occurred.

[0545] The values ​​for the Charpy impact strength of the test specimens of type PK1 -B5 were in the range of 10 kJ / m 2 up to 40 kJ / m 2 .

[0546] The Charpy impact strength values ​​of the PK2-B5 test specimens were in the range of 20 kJ / m 2 up to 70 kJ / m 2 .

[0547] The Charpy impact strength values ​​of the PK3-B5 test specimens were in the range of 15 kJ / m 2 up to 56 kJ / m 2 The Charpy impact strength values ​​of the PK4-B5 test specimens were in the range of 10 kJ / m 2 up to 42 kJ / m 2 .

[0548] The Charpy impact strength values ​​of the PK5-B5 test specimens were in the range of 20 kJ / m 2 up to 60 kJ / m 2 .

[0549] The Charpy impact strength values ​​of the PK6-B5 test specimens were in the range of 14 kJ / m 2 up to 50 kJ / m 2 .

[0550] The Charpy impact strength values ​​of the PK7-B5 test specimens were in the range of 10 kJ / m 2 up to 33 kJ / m 2 .

[0551] The Charpy impact strength values ​​of the PK8-B5 test specimens were in the range of 12 kJ / m 2 up to 35 kJ / m 2 .

[0552] The Charpy impact strength values ​​of the PK9-B5 test specimens were in the range of 15 kJ / m 2 up to 30 kJ / m 2 .

[0553] The values ​​for the notched impact strength of the test specimens of type PK1 -B5 were in the range of 7 kJ / m 2up to 23 kJ / m 2 .

[0554] The values ​​for the notched impact strength of the test specimens of type PK2-B5 were in the range of 14 kJ / m 2 up to 27 kJ / m 2 .

[0555] The values ​​for the notched impact strength of the test specimens of type PK3-B5 were in the range of 10 kJ / m 2 up to 24 kJ / m 2 .

[0556] The values ​​for the notched impact strength of the test specimens of type PK4-B5 were in the range of 7 kJ / m 2 up to 26 kJ / m 2 .

[0557] The values ​​for the notched impact strength of the test specimens of type PK5-B5 were in the range of 12 kJ / m 2 up to 30 kJ / m 2 .

[0558] The values ​​for the notched impact strength of the test specimens of type PK6-B5 were in the range of 12 kJ / m 2 up to 25 kJ / m 2 The values ​​for the notched impact strength of the PK7-B5 test specimens were in the range of 4 kJ / m2 up to 22 kJ / m 2 .

[0559] The values ​​for the notched impact strength of the test specimens of type PK8-B5 were in the range of 10 kJ / m 2 up to 25 kJ / m 2 The values ​​for the notched impact strength of the test specimens of type PK9-B5 were in the range of 9 kJ / m 2 up to 22 kJ / m 2 .

Claims

Patent claims Cereal composite articles, in particular oat composite articles, comprising Polymer material and Cereal fibers, preferably oat fibers. The oat composite article according to claim 1, wherein the oat composite article is recyclable, preferably 100% recyclable. The oat composite article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of: Polyethylene, Polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, Styrene-acrylonitrile, polyurethane, Polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, Polymethyl methacrylate, Polyamide, Polyoxymethylene, Polytetrafluoroethylene, Polyvinylidene fluoride, Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene, Perfluoro alkoxyalkane copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene perfluoromethyl vinyl ether, Polyetheretherketone, polyetherimide, polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polyphenyl sulfide, polyphenyl oxide, polycarbonate, and Mixtures thereof, preferably the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of: Polyethylene, Polyvinyl chloride, Polyurethane, and Mixtures thereof; Oat composite article according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a lignocellulose content in the range from 60 wt.% to 90 wt.%, preferably in the range from 70 wt.% to 88 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 75 wt.% to 87 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 81 wt.% to 86 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and / or wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a lignin content in the range from 10 wt.% to 30 wt.%, preferably in the range from 11 wt.% to 27.5 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 12 wt.% to 26 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 22 wt.% to 25 wt.-%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and / or wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a proportion of hemicellulose in the range of 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%, preferably in the range of 22 wt.% to 38 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range of 23.5 wt.% to 37.0 wt.%, very particularly preferably. in the range from 31.5% by weight to 36.0% by weight, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and / or wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a xylose content in the range from 15% by weight to 31% by weight, preferably in the range from 17% by weight to 30% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 22% by weight to 29.9% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 27.3% by weight to 28.9% by weight, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and / or wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a arabinose content in the range from 2.6% by weight to 4.0% by weight, preferably in the range from 3.1% by weight to 3.9% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 3.2% by weight to 3.8% by weight.-%, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and / or wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a ratio of arabinose to xylose in the range from 0.05 to 0.5, preferably in the range from 0.09 to 0.3, particularly preferably in the range from 0.1 to 0.2, and / or wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a mannose content of less than 0.03 wt.%, preferably less than 0.02 wt.%, particularly preferably less than 0.01 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and / or wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a p-hydroxybenzaldehyde content in the range from 50 pg g. -1 up to 250 pg g -1 on- sen, preferably in the range of 60 pg-g 1 up to 220 pg-g 1 particularly preferably in the range of 65 pg-g 1 up to 216 pg-g 1most preferably in the range of 190 |jg g' 1 up to 215 pg g 1 , in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and / or wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a ferulic acid content in the range of 1000 pg g -1 up to 3000 pg g -1 preferably in the range of 1100 pg g -1 up to 2800 pg g -1 particularly preferably in the range of 1300 pg g -1 up to 2700 pg g -1 most preferably in the range of 2300 pg g -1 up to 2600 pg g -1 , in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and / or wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a protein content of less than 3 wt.%, preferably less than 2 wt.%, particularly preferably a proportion of proteins in the range of 1.2 wt.% to 1.6 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and / or wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a proportion of lipids of less than 2 wt.%, preferably less than 1.5 wt.%, particularly preferably a proportion of lipids in the range of 0.8 wt.% to 1.0 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article. Oat composite article according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average length in the range of 100 pm to 300 pm, preferably in the range of 120 pm to 250 pm, particularly preferably in the range of 150 pm to 220 pm, preferably in the range of 190 pm to 200 pm, and / or wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average thickness in the range from 30 pm to 200 pm, preferably in the range from 50 pm to 150 pm, particularly preferably in the range from 90 pm to 130 pm, preferably in the range from 105 pm to 120 pm, and / or wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average convexity in the range from 0.6 to 0.95, preferably in the range from 0.65 to 0.90, particularly preferably in the range from 0.7 to 0.85, and / or wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average shape factor in the range from 1.0 to 1.5, preferably in the range from 1.03 to 1.4, particularly preferably in the range from 1.05 to 1.35, and / or wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average fiber-to-axial ratio in the range of 0.3 to 0.7, preferably in the range of 0.4 to 0.6,particularly preferably in the range of 0.45 to 0.

58. Oat composite article according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the proportion of oat fibers in the oat composite article is in the range of 5 wt.% to 80 wt.%, preferably in the range of 6 wt.% to 60 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range of 20 wt.% to 50 wt.%, most preferably in the range of 25 wt.% to 35 wt.%, in each case based on the total mass of the oat composite article. Oat composite article according to one of the preceding claims additionally comprising one, two, three or more substances, preferably in a combined total proportion of 2 to 5 wt.% based on the total mass of the oat composite article, which are preferably independently selected from the group consisting of: Auxiliaries to improve the flow properties of the molten polymer material, preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries to improve the flow properties of the molten polymer material, dyes, Plasticizer. Oat composite article according to one of the preceding claims, preferably oat composite molding; wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a melt mass flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2 using method B and using the parameters 190°C and 5 kg, in the range from 0.01 g / 10 min to 25 g / 10 min, preferably in the range from 0.02 g / 10 min to 14 g / 10 min, particularly preferably in the range from 0.03 g / 10 min to 3.0 g / 10 min, and / or wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a melt volume flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2 using method B and using the parameters 190°C and 5 kg, in the range from 10 cm 3 / 10 min up to 105 cm 3 / 10 min, preferably in the range of 12 cm 3 / 10 min to 104 cm 3 / 10 min, particularly preferably in the range of 13 cm 3 / 10 min to 102 cm 3 / 10 min, and / or wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a density, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 1 183-1, in the range of 1.2 g -3 up to 1.5 g -3 preferably in the range of 1.26 g -3 up to 1.4 g -3 , particularly preferably in the range of 1.28 g -3 up to 1.39 g -3 , and / or wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a flexural elastic modulus, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178:2019 with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm / min, in the range from 1000 MPa to 7000 MPa, preferably in the range from 1500 MPa to 5000 MPa, particularly preferably in the range from 1600 MPa to 4500 MPa, most preferably in the range from 1640 MPa to 4300 MPa, and / or wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a tensile strength determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2, in the range from 14 MPa to 65 MPa, preferably in the range from 15 MPa to 30 MPa, particularly preferably in the range from 18 MPa to 27 MPa, most preferably in the range from 19 MPa to 26 MPa, and / or wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a tensile elongation determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2, in the range from 0.1% to 3.5%, preferably in the range from 0.7% to 3.0%, particularly preferably in the range of 0.8% to 2.8%, most preferably in the range of 0.81% to 2.79%, and / or wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a bending stress at conventional deflection, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178, with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm / min, in the range of 30 MPa to 40 MPa, preferably in the range of 34 MPa to 39 MPa, particularly preferably in the range of 36 MPa to 38 MPa, and / or wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a bending strain at bending strength, determined according to method A, of DIN EN ISO 178, with a pre-load of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm / min, in the range of 0.5% to 6%, preferably in the range of 1.0% to 5.0%, particularly preferably in the range of 1.4% to 4.5%, and / or wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a Charpy impact strength of the unnotched test specimen, determined according to DIN EN ISO 179-1:2010 using the method ISO 179-1 / 1 eU, in the range of 3 kJ nr 2 up to 70 kJ nr 2 preferably in the range of 4 kJ nr 2 up to 20 kJ nr 2 , particularly preferably in the range of 4.1 kJ nr 2 up to 12 kJ nr 2 , most preferably in the range of 4.2 kJ nr 2 up to 11.9 kJ nr 2. Oat composite article according to one of the preceding claims, preferably an oat composite molded part, wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has a characteristic roasted odor. Oat composite article according to one of the preceding claims, preferably an oat composite molded part, wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, meets the requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No. 10 / 2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food.The oat composite article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the oat composite article is storable at temperatures in the range between 0°C and 25°C and at a defined air humidity in the range of 0% to 10% relative humidity for a period of at least 12 months, preferably at least 18 months, particularly preferably at least 24 months, and most particularly preferably at least 36 months without mold formation. Use of an oat composite article selected from the group consisting of: Oat kom posit, Oat composite granules, - dried oat composite granules and - Oat composite moulding, for the manufacture of an article selected from the group consisting of: Window parts, in particular frames and window sashes and window profiles, plastic filters, skirting boards, Profile strips and profile boards, Facade cladding, moldings, Reusable packaging, Toy, Office supplies, especially computer mouse, hole punch, glue stick, folder, dispenser, correction tape, highlighter, Plastic packaging, especially shampoo bottles, Drinks bottles and cups, caps, Tableware and decorative items, Electrical items, especially sockets, cover strips, lamps, Tools and tool parts, in particular handles for tools and garden tools, Automotive parts, especially parts of the interior of automobiles such as trim strips, Hygiene products, especially toothbrushes and hairbrushes, Garden articles, agricultural articles and / or forestry articles, particularly plant pots, browsing protection, weed barriers and silage films, Signage, in particular signage for use not designed for a period of more than 2 months, Disposable tableware and cutlery, in particular disposable bowls, disposable plates, lids for disposable coffee cups, disposable cups for cold drinks, disposable cups for hot drinks, disposable knives, disposable forks, disposable tablespoons, disposable coffee spoons, disposable stirrers, disposable chopsticks, Reusable tableware and reusable cutlery, in particular reusable bowls, reusable plates, lids for reusable coffee cups, reusable cups for cold drinks, reusable cups for hot drinks, reusable knives, reusable forks, reusable tablespoons, reusable coffee spoons, reusable stirrers, reusable chopsticks, Reusable straws, beach toys, Carrier bags and Disposable packaging, preferably disposable packaging for food, in particular coffee capsules and films for packaging fruit. Use of oat fibers for producing an oat composite article, preferably for producing an oat composite article according to one of claims 1 to 11. Use of a polymer material selected from the group consisting of: Polyethylene, Polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, Styrene-acrylonitrile, polyurethane, Polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, Polymethyl methacrylate, Polyamide, Polyoxymethylene, Polytetrafluoroethylene, Polyvinylidene fluoride, Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene, Perfluoro alkoxyalkane copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene perfluoromethyl vinyl ether, Polyetheretherketone, polyetherimide, polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polyphenyl sulfide, polyphenyl oxide, polycarbonate, and Mixtures thereof, preferably the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of: Polyethylene, Polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, and mixtures thereof; for producing an oat composite article, preferably for producing an oat composite article according to one of claims 1 to 11. Process for producing an oat composite article selected from the group consisting of: - Oat composite - Oat composite granules - dried oat composite granules and - Oat composite molding with the following steps to produce the article: Manufacturing or providing a polymer material and spatially separated from it Oat fiber Melting the manufactured or provided polymer material to produce a molten polymer material Compounding the molten polymer material with at least the produced or provided oat fibers in a predetermined ratio to produce the oat composite. A method according to claim 15 for producing an article selected from the group consisting of: - Oat composite granules dried oat composite granules and Oat composite molding with the following steps to produce the article: Producing an oat composite according to a method according to claim 15 Granulating the oat composite to produce oat composite granules. A method according to claim 16 for producing an article selected from the group consisting of: - dried oat composite granules and - Oat composite molding with the following steps to produce the article: Producing an oat composite granulate according to a method according to claim 16 Drying the oat composite granules to produce dried oat composite granules, preferably dried oat composite granules with a moisture content of less than 12%, particularly preferably dried oat composite granules with a moisture content of less than 10%, most particularly preferably dried oat composite granules with a moisture content of less than 9%. A method according to any one of the preceding claims 16 to 17 for producing an oat composite molded article, comprising the following steps for producing the article: Producing an oat composite granulate according to a method according to claim 16 and / or producing a dried Oat composite granules according to a method according to claim 17, preferably producing a dried oat composite granule according to a method according to claim 17 Melting the oat composite granules and / or the dried oat composite granules, preferably melting the dried oat composite granules, so that molten oat composite results Injection molding of the molten oat composite to produce an oat composite molded part. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 15 to 18, wherein the compounding takes place in a temperature range of 180°C to 230°C, preferably in a temperature range of 185°C to 220°C, particularly preferably in a temperature range of 188°C to 215°C, most particularly preferably in a temperature range of 190°C to 210°C, and / or wherein the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of: Polyethylene, Polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, Styrene-acrylonitrile, polyurethane, Polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, Polymethyl methacrylate, Polyamide, Polyoxymethylene, Polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene, Perfluoro alkoxyalkane copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene perfluoromethyl vinyl ether, Polyetheretherketone, polyetherimide, polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polyphenyl sulfide, polyphenyl oxide, polycarbonate, and Mixtures thereof, preferably the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of: Polyethylene, Polyvinyl chloride, Polyurethane, and Mixtures thereof. Method according to one of the preceding claims 18 to 19 for producing an oat composite molded part, wherein the melting and processing during injection molding takes place up to immediately before contact with a mold and / or a water bath in a temperature range of 80°C to 230°C, preferably in a temperature range of 100°C to 220°C, particularly preferably in a temperature range of 110°C to 210°C, most particularly preferably in a temperature range of 120°C to 200°C, and / or during injection molding, the mold immediately before contact with the molten oat composite has a temperature in the range of 15°C to 50°C, preferably a temperature in the range of 20°C to 40°C, particularly preferably a temperature in the range of 25°C to 38°C. most preferably a temperature in the range of 30 °C to 35 °C. A process according to any one of the preceding claims 15 to 20 for producing an oat composite article, comprising the following steps: Providing oat hulls and / or oat husks; Cleaning the oat shells and / or oat husks to produce cleaned oat shells and / or cleaned oat husks; Drying the cleaned oat hulls and / or the cleaned oat husks to result in dried cleaned oat hulls and / or dried cleaned oat husks; Grinding the dried cleaned oat hulls and / or the dried cleaned oat husks to produce ground oat hulls and / or ground oat husks; Sieving the ground oat hulls and / or the ground oat husks to result in oat fibers and a residue in the sieve. A process for producing an oat composite article according to claim 21, wherein the cleaning of the oat hulls and / or oat husks is carried out at least partially by boiling in water at 100°C and subsequent pressing, and / or wherein the drying is carried out as indirect drying, preferably as indirect drying on a belt dryer or in a drying cabinet, preferably on a belt dryer, and / or wherein the drying is carried out such that the resulting dried cleaned oat hulls and / or dried cleaned oat husks have a water content of less than 7 wt.%, preferably less than 6 wt.%, particularly preferably less than 5 wt.%, most particularly preferably less than 4 wt.%. and / or wherein the dried, cleaned oat hulls and / or dried, cleaned oat husks used in the grinding have a water content of less than 7% by weight, preferably less than 6% by weight, particularly preferably less than 5% by weight, very particularly preferably less than 4% by weight, at the start of the grinding, and / or wherein the grinding is carried out using an impact disc mill, preferably the grinding is carried out using an impact disc mill at a temperature of 75°C, particularly preferably at a temperature of 75°C and with a residence time of 1 minute, and / or wherein a sieve with a mesh size of 300 micrometers or less, preferably of 200 micrometers or less, particularly preferably of 160 micrometers or less, very particularly preferably of 120 micrometers is used when sieving the ground oat hulls and / or the ground oat husks.A method for producing an oat composite article according to any one of the preceding claims 15 to 22, wherein: the compounding takes place exclusively between the polymer material and the oat fibers, without the addition of further substances, so that the resulting oat composite consists exclusively of the polymer material produced or provided and the oat fibers produced or provided; or in addition to the produced or provided oat fibers, further substances are added to the molten polymer material as additives, which are also present during the subsequent compounding, preferably these further substances are selected as additives from the group consisting of:. Auxiliaries to improve the flow properties of the molten polymer material, preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries to improve the flow properties of the molten polymer material, Dyes, preferably in an amount of 2 wt.% to 7 wt.%, preferably in an amount of 3 wt.% to 6 wt.%, particularly preferably in an amount of 4 wt.% to 5 wt.%, in each case based on the total mass of the oat composite article, Plasticizer. A method for producing an oat composite article according to any one of the preceding claims 15 to 23, wherein: the compounding takes place exclusively between the polymer material and the oat fibers, without the addition of further substances, so that the resulting oat composite consists exclusively of the manufactured or provided polymer material and the manufactured or provided oat fibers; and when compounding the molten polymer material with the manufactured or provided oat fibers in a predetermined quantitative ratio to result in the oat composite, the predetermined quantitative ratio is selected such that it corresponds to a proportion of oat fibers of 5 wt.% to 80 wt.%, preferably a proportion of oat fibers of 6 wt.% to 42 wt.%, more preferably a proportion of 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%, most preferably a proportion of 25 wt.% to 35 wt.-%, each based on the combined total mass of the molten polymer material used in compounding and the oat fibers used in compounding.

25. A method according to any one of the preceding claims 15 to 23, wherein: in addition to the oat fibers produced or provided, one, two, three or more further substances are added as additives to the molten polymer material, which are also present during the subsequent compounding, preferably these one, two, three or more further substances are selected as additives from the group consisting of: Auxiliaries to improve the flow properties of the molten polymer material, preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries to improve the flow properties of the molten polymer material, Dyes, preferably in an amount of 2 wt.% to 7 wt.%, preferably in an amount of 3 wt.% to 6 wt.%, particularly preferably in an amount of 4 wt.% to 5 wt.%, in each case based on the total mass of the oat composite article, and when compounding the molten polymer material with at least the produced or provided oat fibers in a predetermined quantitative ratio, so that the oat composite results, the predetermined quantitative ratio is selected such that it corresponds to a proportion of oat fibers of 5 wt.% to 80 wt.%, preferably to a proportion of oat fibers of 6 wt.% to 42 wt.%, particularly preferably to a proportion of 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%, very particularly preferably to a proportion of 25 wt.% to 35 wt.%, in each case based on the combined total mass of the molten polymer material used in the compounding and the oat fibers used in the compounding.

26. A method according to any one of the preceding claims 15 to 25, wherein the polymer material used to produce an oat composite article a density, determined according to method A of ISO 1183-1 , in the range of 1 g 3 up to 2 g 3 preferably has a density in the range of 1 ,0 g ern 3 up to 1.6 g 3 , particularly preferably a density in the range of 1.1 g 3 up to 1.3 g 3 , most preferably a density in the range of 1 .23 g ern 3 up to 1.26 g 3, and / or a melt mass flow rate, determined according to ISO 1 133-2 using method B and using the parameters 190 °C and 5 kg, in the range of 2 g / 10 min to 50 g / 10 min, preferably in the range of 2.5 g / 10 min to 35 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range of 3.0 g / 10 min to 32 g / 10 min, most preferably in the range of 3.8 g / 10 min to 30 g / 10 min, and / or a melting point, determined according to ISO 3146, in the range of 70 °C to 140 °C, preferably in the range of 75 °C to 120 °C, more preferably in the range of 78 °C to 88 °C, most preferably in the range of 83 °C to 85 °C. Process according to one of the preceding claims 15 to 26, wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a proportion of lignocellulose in the range from 60 wt.% to 90 wt.%, preferably in the range from 70 wt.% to 88 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 75 wt.% to 87 wt.-%, very particularly preferably in the range from 81 wt.% to 86 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and / or wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a lignin content in the range from 10 wt.% to 30 wt.%, preferably in the range from 11 wt.% to 27.5 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 12 wt.% to 26 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 22 wt.% to 25 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used. and / or wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a hemicellulose content in the range from 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%, preferably in the range from 22 wt.% to 38 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 23.5 wt.% to 37.0 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 31.5 wt.% to 36.0 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and / or wherein the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article has a xylose content in the range from 15 wt.% to 31 wt.%, preferably in the range from 17 wt.% to 30 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 22 wt.% to 29.9 wt.%, most preferably in the range of 27.3 wt.% to 28.9 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat fibers used, and / or wherein the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article has a proportion of arabinose in the range from 2.6 wt.% to 4.0 wt.%, preferably in the range from 3.1 wt.% to 3.9 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 3.2 wt.% to 3.8 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat fibers used, and / or wherein the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article has a ratio of arabinose to xylose in the range from 0.05 to 0.5, preferably in the range from 0.09 to 0.3, particularly preferably in the range from 0.1 to 0.2, and / or wherein the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article Oat fibers have a mannose content of less than 0.03% by weight, preferably less than 0.02% by weight.-%, particularly. preferably less than 0.01 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat fibers used, and / or wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a proportion of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde in the range of 50 pg g -1 up to 250 pg g -1 preferably in the range of 60 pg g -1 up to 220 pg g -1 particularly preferably in the range of 65 pg g -1 up to 216 pg g -1 most preferably in the range of 190 pg g -1 up to 215 pg g -1 , in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and / or wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article contain a ferulic acid content in the range of 1000 pg g -1 up to 3000 pg g -1 preferably in the range of 1100 pg g -1 up to 2800 pg g -1 particularly preferably in the range of 1300 pg g -1 up to 2700 pg g-1 most preferably in the range of 2300 pg g -1 up to 2600 pg g -1 , in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and / or wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a protein content of less than 3 wt.%, preferably less than 2 wt.%, particularly preferably a protein content in the range from 1.2 wt.% to 1.6 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and / or wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a lipid content of less than 2 wt.%, preferably less than 1.5 wt.%, particularly preferably a lipid content in the range from 0.8 wt.% to 1.0 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used.

28. Method according to one of the preceding claims 15 to 27, wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average length in the range of 100 pm to 300 pm, preferably in the range of 120 pm to 250 pm, particularly preferably in the range of 150 pm to 220 pm, preferably in the range of 190 pm to 200 pm, and / or wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average thickness in the range of 30 pm to 200 pm, preferably in the range of 50 pm to 150 pm, particularly preferably in the range of 90 pm to 130 pm, preferably in the range of 105 pm to 120 pm, and / or wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average convexity in the range of 0.6 to 0.95, preferably in the range of 0.65 to 0.90, particularly preferably in the range of 0.7 to 0.85,and / or wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average shape factor in the range of 1.0 to 1.5, preferably in the range of 1.03 to 1.4, particularly preferably in the range of 1.05 to 1.35, and / or wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average feretaxial ratio in the range of 0.3 to 0.7, preferably in the range of 0.4 to 0.6, particularly preferably in the range of 0.45 to 0.

58. Kit for producing an oat composite article, at least comprising as spatially separately arranged components: Polyethylene, Polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, Styrene-acrylonitrile, polyurethane, Polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, Polymethyl methacrylate, Polyamide, Polyoxymethylene, Polytetrafluoroethylene, Polyvinylidene fluoride, Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene, Perfluoro alkoxyalkane copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene perfluoromethyl vinyl ether, Polyetheretherketone, polyetherimide, polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polyphenyl sulfide, polyphenyl oxide, polycarbonate, and Mixtures thereof, preferably the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of: Polyethylene, Polyvinyl chloride, Polyurethane, and mixtures thereof; and Oat fiber.

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