Lining system

Description

[0001] The current disclosure relates to a lining system for a tube wall of an incinerator, an incinerator wall, a refractory tile for a lining system and a method of lining an incinerator wall.

[0002] Incinerators are furnaces intended for burning different types of material, e.g., waste, at elevated temperatures in a combustion chamber. There are several types of incinerators, e.g., rotary kiln, fluidized bed, moving grate, multiple hearth, liquid injection, catalytic combustion, waste gas flare or fixed grate incinerators. Incinerators can comprise a tube wall, also known as membrane wall or waterwall, comprising individual tubes welded together. The tube wall forms a barrier to avoid leakage of fluid or gases from the incinerator combustion chamber as well as to provide heat-transfer to convert the water running inside the tubes to steam which can afterward be used for electricity generation.

[0003] In operation, incinerator combustion chambers are exposed to elevated temperatures, mechanical erosion by waste and dust, oxidizing / reducing or alternating atmospheres and / or chemical attack by corrosive gaseous combustion products, e.g., O 2 , CO 2 , SO 2 , HCl or HF. For this reason, combustion chambers in general and the comprised tube walls in particular are commonly lined with refractory materials on their inside to prevent corrosion and / or cracking of the metal parts, e.g., by flue gases and elevated temperatures. The lining can be formed of shaped bodies of refractory material, e.g., refractory tiles, which are arranged close to each other to form a protection wall for the metal parts of the tube wall of the incinerator.

[0004] Refractory tiles are usually lined on the tube wall of an incinerator by using an individual attachment, e.g., hook, stud, anchor etc., per each refractory tile. WO 2015 / 187007 A1 discloses refractory tiles having a vertical T-shaped channel and a tube wall comprising T-shaped anchors. The tiles are mounted on the tube wall by sliding said channel into said anchors from above. Thus, the tiles are fixated horizontally by interconnection of the anchors and the channels. Horizontal metal plates between each line of tiles are used for vertical fixation, wherein also fixation plates are used at every tile edge. However, using these state-of-the-art systems, lining of the tube wall can be complex and time consuming.

[0005] DE 196 38 711 A1 discloses a lining system for an incinerator, which uses hooks in the shape of angle irons for the connection of tiles to the wall.

[0006] US 2 075 602 A discloses a furnace wall structure comprising an outer supporting framework arranged to sectionally support an inner furnace wall comprising blocks of refractory material. Each block is connected to the wall by being hung on the wall's beam by using grooves.

[0007] It is an object of the current disclosure to provide a more stable and reliable lining system for a tube wall of an incinerator.

[0008] This object has been achieved by the lining system as defined in claim 1.

[0009] The horizontal rail can comprise metal, preferably steel.

[0010] A refractory tile can be any tile usually used for the lining of a tube wall of an incinerator. The refractory tile can be produced by using different refractory raw materials and by several methods. It can have various shapes and thicknesses. Preferably, the refractory tile has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, such as, e.g., a rectangular cuboid or a right parallelogrammical prism, facilitating the lining of the tube wall.

[0011] The refractory tile comprises two main surfaces, a front surface, and a back surface. When the lining system is mounted on the tube wall of an incinerator, the front surface faces the combustion chamber of the incinerator and is therefore in contact with flue gases and elevated temperatures, while the back surface faces the tube wall of the incinerator.

[0012] The refractory tile comprises a horizontal channel on its back surface. "Horizontal" is used in the present disclosure to indicate the direction at least generally, preferably exactly, parallel to or in the plane of the horizon. Preferably, the refractory tile is lined in a way that two parallel edges of the back surface of the refractory tile are also oriented horizontally when the refractory tile is lined on the tube wall, allowing an easier and faster lining of the tube wall of the incinerator. To have a more stable lining of the tube wall, it is preferred to have a refractory tile with less or no freedom of vertical movement.

[0013] A refractory tile being mounted to a tube wall by a single anchor according to the prior art leads to instability of the refractory tile as it might wiggle or rotate around this anchor, or it might lead to a very rigid system where no movement is possible. The lining system according to the current disclosure is structurally more stable as there is a stable horizontal connection between the refractory tile and the horizontal rail due to the horizontal channel, leading to less freedom of vertical movement. As the at least one refractory tile can be hinged on the at least one horizontal rail via the horizontal channel running on its back surface, the refractory tile can be in contact with the horizontal rail throughout its entire length.

[0014] In addition, the lining system according to the current disclosure provides superior lining stability: in case one of the at least two connection points connecting the horizonal rail to the tube wall of the incinerator fails, e.g., because of corrosion, the lining system can still stay in place and no refractory tile fails as the horizontal rail remains in position, as it is connected to the tube wall by the other, not failed connection point.

[0015] Furthermore, the resulting lining is also more reliable, avoiding the necessity to replace the at least one refractory tile regularly. The lining system as disclosed also leads to a faster lining assembly due to easier placement of the at least one refractory tile which can be lined on the tube wall by sliding or swiping or hitching it into the horizontal rail connected to the tube wall instead of hooking it to a single holder. The lining is also more versatile as the tiles might be shifted horizontally if needed.

[0016] The horizontal channel can extend from the back surface towards the front surface of the refractory tile for a length such that the distance left to the front surface of the refractory tile is 10 % to 30 % of the total thickness of the refractory tile.

[0017] The refractory tile "thickness" in the present disclosure is used to indicate the total distance between the back surface and the front surface of the refractory tile, measured along a direction perpendicular to the back surface of the refractory tile. The upper inner surface and the lower inner surface of the horizontal channel can be both forming an angle of 90 degrees with the back surface of the refractory tile. Of course, the lower inner surface of the horizontal channel can form a different angle with the back surface of the refractory tile than the upper inner surface, leading to a horizontal channel having a varying, preferably declining, channel thickness in vertical direction.

[0018] Preferably the horizontal channel is positioned in the upper third of the height of the back surface of the refractory tile, wherein the height is the dimension in vertical direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the refractory tile. Due to gravity this leads to better balance and less movement of the tile.

[0019] According to the present invention, at least one holder, e.g., hook, stud, anchor etc., per connection point is provided, the at least one holder per connection point being connectable to the tube wall. The at least one horizontal rail is connectable to the at least one holder per connection point.

[0020] The at least one horizontal rail preferably is connectable to the tube wall on at least four connection points. Accordingly, if at least one holder per connection point is provided, at least four holders per horizontal rail can used to connect the horizontal rail to the tube wall of the incinerator. By using more than two connection points per horizontal rail, a more stable and reliable lining system is obtained, as, in case more than one of the connection points fail because of, e.g., corrosion, the lining system remains in position held by the remaining functioning connection points.

[0021] The at least one horizontal rail can be connectable to the at least one holder per connection point in a formed-fit way. This allows to quickly substitute only the horizontal rail, e.g., in case of damage, while keeping the at least two holders connected to the tube wall in position.

[0022] The at least one holder per connection point can be fixedly connected, preferably connected by welding, to the tube wall. This ensures firm connection between holder and tube wall.

[0023] The horizontal channel comprises an upper inner surface and a lower inner surface, wherein, in case the refractory tile is lined on the tube wall, the upper inner surface is closer to the upper edge of the refractory tile while the lower inner surface is closer to the lower edge of the refractory tile. Preferably, an upper inner surface of the horizontal channel is inclined at an angle of between 10 and 80 degrees, more preferably of between 30 and 60 degrees, in respect to a direction perpendicular to the back surface of the refractory tile. Providing an upper inner surface being inclined at an upward angle of a maximum of 60 degrees allows easier and faster sliding or swiping or hitching of the refractory tile into the horizontal rail.

[0024] Preferably, the upper inner surface and the lower inner surface of the horizontal channel can both be inclined at an upward angle of between 10 and 80 degrees, more preferably of between 30 and 60 degrees, in respect to a direction perpendicular to the back surface of the refractory tile. Preferably, the upper inner surface and the lower inner surface of the horizontal channel can both be inclined at the same upward angle of between 10 and 80 degrees, more preferably of between 30 and 60 degrees, in respect to a direction perpendicular to the back surface of the refractory tile. Of course, the lower inner surface might also form a different angle with the back surface of the refractory tile than the upper inner surface, leading to a horizontal channel having a varying, preferably declining, channel thickness in vertical direction.

[0025] Preferably the refractory tile might comprise upper, lower, left, and right surfaces in addition to the front and back surfaces, connecting the back surface and the front surface. The upper and lower surfaces of the refractory tile can be perpendicular to the back and front surfaces.

[0026] Preferably the upper and lower surfaces of the refractory tile can be inclined at an upward angle of between 10 and 80 degrees, more preferably of between 30 and 60 degrees, in respect to a direction perpendicular to the back surface of the refractory tile. Preferably the upper and lower surfaces of the refractory tile can be inclined at the same upward angle of between 10 and 80 degrees, more preferably of between 30 and 60 degrees, in respect to a direction perpendicular to the back surface of the refractory tile. This allows easier assembling of a lining system having a plurality of rows of rails and tiles.

[0027] Preferably the upper and lower surfaces of the refractory tile and the upper inner surface of the horizontal channel can be inclined at an upward angle of between 10 and 80 degrees, more preferably of between 30 and 60 degrees, in respect to a direction perpendicular to the back surface of the refractory tile. Preferably the upper and lower surfaces of the refractory tile and the upper inner surface of the horizontal channel can be inclined at the same upward angle of between 10 and 80 degrees, more preferably of between 30 and 60 degrees, in respect to a direction perpendicular to the back surface of the refractory tile. Preferably the upper and lower surfaces of the refractory tile and the upper inner surface of the horizontal channel are parallel surfaces. This allows easier assembling of a lining system having a plurality of rows of rails and tiles. Preferably, the at least one horizontal rail comprises a connecting component and a hinging component, the hinging component having an upper outer surface and a lower outer surface, the connecting component comprising the at least two connecting points. Thus, the connecting component is connectable to the tube wall, of the incinerator, e.g., via holders, while the hinging component is used for holding the at least one refractory tile. The connecting component of the horizontal rail is connectable to the tube wall in a way such that the hinging component is facing the combustion chamber of the incinerator. The connecting component preferably can be provided with at least two holders, e.g., hooks, studs, anchors etc., extending from the connecting component of the horizontal rail towards the tube wall and being connectable to the tube wall, e.g., by welding.

[0028] The hinging component of the horizonal rail is characterized by an upper outer surface and a lower outer surface. When the lining system is assembled and the refractory tile is hinged to the horizontal rail, the upper outer surface of the hinging component faces the upper inner surface of the horizontal channel of the refractory tile while the lower outer surface of the hinging component faces the lower inner surface of the horizontal channel of the refractory tile.

[0029] The connecting component and the hinging component of the horizontal rail preferably can be aligned at an angle of 90 degrees, defining a horizontal rail with an L-shape cross-section.

[0030] Preferably the upper outer surface of the hinging component is inclined at an upward angle of between 10 and 80 degrees, more preferably of between 30 and 60 degrees, in respect to the direction perpendicular to the connecting component of the at least one horizontal rail. This allows easier and faster to sliding, swiping, or hitching the at least one refractory tile into the hinging component of the horizontal rail.

[0031] The connecting component and hinging component of the horizontal rail have a length of between 250 mm and 1650 mm (0,25 m and 1,65 m), wherein length is considered as the measure of the longest side of the connecting and hinging components, from one edge to the other. This length range allows for easier manufacturing of the horizontal rail.

[0032] The hinging component of the horizontal rail is extending from the connecting element of the horizontal rail towards the back surface of the at least one refractory tile from a minimum of 10 mm (0,01 m) and / or to a maximum equal to 90 % of the total thickness of the refractory tile.

[0033] Preferably the connecting component of the at least one horizontal rail comprises a horizontal leg. When the lining system is assembled the leg extends towards the tube wall, preferably is in contact with said tube wall and thus stabilizes the at least one rail. This leads to horizontal rail with a C-shape cross-section. The horizontal leg can have the same length as the components of the horizontal rail. The horizontal leg is extending for a minimum of 5 mm (0,005 m) to a maximum of 150 mm (0,15 m). By using a lining system comprising a horizontal rail provided with a horizontal leg a more stable lining is achieved as the at least one refractory tile not only is hinged on the horizontal rail but also leans on the horizontal leg making the tile less prone to move. The horizontal leg can be aligned at an angle of about 90 degrees from the connecting element of the horizontal rail or at a downwards angle of about 45 degrees in respect to the direction perpendicular to the connecting element of the horizontal rail.

[0034] Preferably the at least one refractory tile comprises a knob in its back surface, when mounted protruding towards the tube wall. The knob can be horizontal. It might be parallel to the parallel edges of the back surface of the refractory tile and / or parallel to the horizontal channel. The horizontal knob can be positioned in the bottom third of the height of the back surface of the refractory tile, wherein the height is the dimension in the vertical direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The horizontal knob protrudes towards the tube wall and preferably is in contact with the tube wall, allowing the at least one refractory tile to lean on the tube wall leading to a more stable lining.

[0035] Preferably the at least one refractory tile is fixed to the at least one horizonal rail by adding a refractory castable, e.g., by spraying, pouring, or mortaring. The refractory castable can be any of the refractory castable known in the art.

[0036] The at least one refractory tile has a minimum surface of 15000 mm 2< and a maximum surface of 160000 mm 2< (0,015 m 2< and 0,16 m 2< , respectively; the surface of the refractory tile being understood as the total area of the front surface of the refectory tile). Surfaces inside the mentioned range allow for balancing out problems of increasing lining complexity and time (if tiles are too small) and handling of the refractory tiles (if tiles are too big).

[0037] Preferably the lining system comprises a plurality of refractory tiles, the plurality of refractory tiles having a front surface and a back surface and being provided with a horizontal channel at the back surface, the horizontal channels being configured to be hinged into the at least one horizontal rail to assemble the lining system. The refractory tiles can be identical or varying.

[0038] Due to its flexibility regarding the connection of the channel and the rail the disclosed lining system allows the lining of various types of tube wall. The connection points might have to be adjusted depending on the tube wall.

[0039] Moreover, the disclosed system allows to perform the lining of the tube wall from different directions, not necessary from left to right or from the upper side to the lower side, Instead, lining of the tube wall can be started from different positions, free spaces can be left and filled later on, thereby ensuring a high degree of freedom and flexibility.

[0040] Preferably the lining system comprises at plurality of refractory tiles having a front surface and a back surface, wherein the lining system comprises a plurality of horizontal rails, wherein each of the plurality horizontal rails is connectable to the tube wall on at least two connection points. The plurality of refractory tiles is provided with a horizontal channel at the back surface and the horizontal channels are configured to be hinged into the plurality of horizontal rails to assemble the lining system. At least one refractory tile is hinged into each of the plurality of horizontal rails.

[0041] It is most preferable when a plurality of horizontal rails and a plurality of refractory tiles per horizontal rail is provided. The plurality of horizontal rails can be connected to the tube wall to form a continued row on which the plurality of refractory tiles can be hinged close to one another. To perform a complete lining of the tube wall of an incinerator, several rows of horizontal rails can be connected to the tube wall spaced at a distance from each other proper to allow a plurality of refractory tiles to be in close contact with the plurality of refractory tiles of a row above or below. In general, the refractory tiles can be added or removed to the one or more horizontal rails in any order.

[0042] The object is further achieved by an incinerator comprising an incinerator wall or a tube wall lined with a lining system according to the invention.

[0043] The object is further achieved by a method for lining a tube wall of an incinerator, preferably a waste incinerator, with a lining system according to the invention. This is achieved by a method of lining an incinerator wall, preferably a tube wall of an incinerator wall, comprising the steps: a. Providing an incinerator wall or a tube wall of an incinerator wall; b. Providing a lining system according to the invention; c. Connecting the at least one horizontal rail of the lining system to the at least one holder per connection point and connecting the at least one holder per connection point to the incinerator wall or the tube wall on the at least two connection points; d. Hinging the at least one refractory tile of the lining system into the at least one horizontal rail via the horizontal channel.

[0044] Figs. 1 to 4 show exemplary, schematic, and non-limiting advantageous embodiments of the invention, wherein Fig. 1a shows a refractory tile comprising at a back surface a horizontal channel, Fig. 1b shows a refractory tile comprising at a back surface a horizontal channel whose upper and lower inner surface are inclined in an upward angle of 45 degrees in respect to a direction perpendicular to the back surface of the refractory tile, Fig. 1c shows a refractory tile comprising at a back surface a horizontal channel whose upper and lower inner surface are inclined in an upward angle of 45 degrees in respect to a direction perpendicular to the back surface of the refractory tile and provided with a horizontal knob, Fig. 2a shows a horizontal rail comprising a connecting component and a hinging component, the connecting component provided with two holders, Fig. 2b shows a horizontal rail comprising a connecting component provided with three holders, a hinging component, and a horizontal leg, Fig. 2c shows a horizontal rail comprising a hinging component whose upper outer surface is inclined at an upward angle of about 45 degrees in respect to the direction perpendicular to the connecting component of the at least one horizontal rail, Fig. 3 shows a lining system comprising a horizontal rail and a refractory tile, wherein the refractory tile is hinged to the horizontal rail, Fig. 4 shows a lining system for a tube wall of an incinerator comprising a plurality of horizontal rails and a plurality of refractory tiles, wherein the plurality of refractory tiles is hinged to the plurality of horizontal rails.

[0045] Fig. 1a shows a side view of a refractory tile 3. The refractory tile 3 is characterized by two main surfaces, a front surface 3a and a back surface 3b. Once lined on the tube wall 2 (not shown in Fig. 1a), the front surface 3a faces the combustion chamber of the incinerator and therefore is in contact with flue gases and elevated temperatures, while the back surface 3b faces the tube wall 2 of the incinerator. Preferably the refractory tile 3 comprises upper 3c, lower 3d, left 3e, and right 3f surfaces in addition to the front 3a and back surfaces 3b, connecting the back surface 3b and the front surface 3a.

[0046] The refractory tile 3 is used for the lining of a tube wall 2 of an incinerator. It can be produced by using different raw materials and methods and can also have various shapes and thicknesses. All these features are well known to the person skilled in the art which is able to choose appropriate parameters depending on the desired lining.

[0047] The refractory tile 3 is provided with a horizontal channel 4 at the back surface 3b, the horizontal channel 4 being configured to be hinged into the at least one horizontal rail 5 (not shown in Fig. 1a) to assemble the lining system. "Horizontal" is used in the present disclosure to indicate the direction at least generally, preferably exactly, parallel to or in the plane of the horizon. The horizontal channel 4 is characterized by an upper inner surface 4a, closer to the upper part of the refractory tile 3 when the refractory tile 3 is lined on the tube wall 2 in a vertical position, and a lower inner surface 4b, closer to the bottom of the refractory tile 3, when the refractory tile 3 is lined on the tube wall 2 in a vertical position.

[0048] In Fig. 1a the upper inner surface 4a as well as the lower inner surface 4b of the horizontal channel 4 are perpendicular to the back surface 3b of the refractory tile 3. Of course, the lower inner surface 4b of the horizontal channel 4 might have a different inclination angle with the back surface 3b of the refractory tile 3 than the upper inner surface 4a, leading to a horizontal channel 4 having a varying vertical channel thickness. Preferably the upper 3c and lower 3d surfaces of the refractory tile 3 and the upper inner surface 4a of the horizontal channel 4 are perpendicular to the back surface 3b of the refractory tile 3. In this example, the upper 3c and lower 3d surfaces of the refractory tile 3 and the upper inner surface 4a of the horizontal channel 4 are parallel surfaces.

[0049] Fig. 1b shows a side view of a refractory tile 3 provided with a horizontal channel 4 at the back surface 3b, wherein the upper inner surface 4a and the lower inner surface 4b of the horizontal channel 4 are inclined by way of example at an upward angle of about 45 degrees in respect to a direction perpendicular to the back surface 3b. This facilitates the lining of the tube wall 2 of the incinerator (not shown in Fig. 1b) as it makes it easier and faster to slide or swipe or hitch the refractory tile 3 into the horizontal rail 5 (not shown in Fig. 1b). Preferably, the upper inner surface 4a and the lower inner surface 4b of the horizontal channel 4 are inclined at an upward angle of between 10 and 80 degrees, more preferably of between 30 and 60 degrees, in respect to a direction perpendicular to the back surface 3b of the refractory tile 3. Of course, the lower inner surface 4b might have a different inclination angle than the upper inner surface 4a, leading to the horizontal channel 4 having a varying vertical channel thickness. Preferably the upper 3c and lower 3d surfaces of the refractory tile 3 and the upper inner surface 4a of the horizontal channel 4 are inclined at the same upward angle of 45° as in this example, or preferably at the same upward angle between 10 and 80 degrees, more preferably of between 30 and 60 degrees, in respect to a direction perpendicular to the back surface 3b of the refractory tile 3. In this example, the upper 3c and lower 3d surfaces of the refractory tile 3 and the upper inner surface 4a of the horizontal channel 4 are parallel surfaces.

[0050] Fig. 1c shows a side view of a refractory tile 3 provided at the back surface 3b with a horizontal channel 4 whose upper inner surface 4a as well as the lower inner surface 4b are both inclined at an upward angle of about 45 degrees in respect to a direction perpendicular to the back surface 3b. The refractory tile 3 is also provided with a knob 31 protruding towards the tube wall 2 of the incinerator (not shown in Fig. 1c). The knob 31 can be horizontal, i.e., parallel to or in the plane of the horizon, at least generally, preferably exactly. The knob 31 protrudes towards the tube wall 2 (not shown in Fig. 1c) and preferably is in contact with the tube wall 2, allowing the at least one refractory tile 3 to lean on the tube wall 2 leading to a more stable lining. Preferably the upper 3c and lower 3d surfaces of the refractory tile 3 and the upper inner surface 4a of the horizontal channel 4 are inclined at the same upward angle of 45° as in this example, or preferably at the same upward angle between 10 and 80 degrees, more preferably of between 30 and 60 degrees, in respect to a direction perpendicular to the back surface 3b of the refractory tile 3. In this example, the upper 3c and lower 3d surfaces of the refractory tile 3 and the upper inner surface 4a of the horizontal channel 4 are parallel surfaces.

[0051] Fig. 2a shows a horizontal rail 5 comprising a connecting component 51 and a hinging component 52, the hinging component 52 having an upper outer surface 52a and a lower outer surface 52b, the connecting component 51 comprising the at least two connecting points, preferably two holders 6, and the hinging component 52 is used for holding the refractory tile 3. When the lining system is assembled and the refractory tile 3 is hinged to the horizontal rail 5, the upper outer surface 52a of the hinging component 52 faces the upper inner surface 4a of the horizontal channel 4 of the refractory tile 3 (not shown in Fig. 2a) while the lower outer surface 52b of the hinging component 52 faces the lower inner surface 4b of the horizontal channel 4 of the refractory tile 3. The connecting component 51 and the hinging component 52 of the horizontal rail 5 can be aligned at an angle of 90 degrees, defining a horizontal rail with an L-shape cross-section. The connecting component 51 being connectable to the tube wall 2 of the incinerator is provided with at least two connection points, preferably two holders 6, e.g., hooks, studs, anchors etc., protruding into the direction of the tube wall 2 and connectable to the tube wall 2, e.g., by welding. The at least one horizontal rail 5 can be connectable to the at least one holder 6 per connection point in a formed-fit way. This allows to quickly substitute only the horizontal rail 5, e.g., in case of damage, while keeping the at least two holders 6 connected to the tube wall 2 in position. Preferably, four holders 6 per connecting component 51 are used to have a better stability and reliability of the lining system 1. In fact, even if one of the holders 6 fails because of, e.g., corrosion, the lining system 1 stays in place because the horizontal rail 5 is connected to the tube wall 2 with more than one holder 6, and the remaining holder 6 ensures holding the horizontal rail 5 and the refractory tile 3 in place.

[0052] Fig. 2b shows the horizontal rail 5 shown in Fig. 2a provided in addition with a horizontal leg 53 protruding towards the at least one refractory tile 3 and configured to stabilize the at least one refractory tile 3 when hinged onto the horizontal rail 5. The horizontal leg 53 preferably has the same (horizontal) length as the horizontal rail 5. The horizontal leg 53 is extending towards the at least one refractory tile 3 for one third to half of the protrusion length of the hinging component 52 of the horizontal rail 5. By using a lining system 1 comprising a horizontal rail 5 with an additional horizontal leg 53, a more stable lining is achieved as the at least one refractory tile 3 not only is hinged onto the horizontal rail 5 but also leans on the horizontal leg 53 making it the refractory tile 3 less prone to move.

[0053] Fig. 2c shows a horizontal rail 5 similar to the one shown in Fig. 2b. The hinging component 52 is characterized by an upper outer surface 52a and a lower outer surface 52b. The upper outer surface 52a of the hinging component 52 faces the upper inner surface 4a of the horizontal channel 4 of the refractory tile 3 when the refractory tile 3 is hinged into the horizontal rail 5. In turn, the lower outer surface 52b faces the lower inner surface 4b of the horizontal channel 4 of the refractory tile 3. In Fig. 2c, the upper outer surface 52a and the lower outer surface 52b of the hinging component 52 are inclined at an upwards angle of about 45 degrees in respect to the direction perpendicular to the connecting component 51. This allows for a faster and easier lining of the tube wall 2 as it is easier to swipe or slide or hitch the at least one refractory tile 3 into the hinging component 52.

[0054] Fig. 3 shows a side view of a lining system 1 comprising a horizontal rail 5 connectable to the tube wall 2 by at least two holders 6 and a refractory tile 3 hinged to the horizontal rail 5 (for easier depiction only one tube of the tube wall 2 is shown in Fig. 3). The lining system 1 allows a more stable, reliable, and faster lining of the tube wall 2 of an incinerator. The at least one refractory tile 3 is hinged to the at least one horizontal rail 5 using the horizontal channel 4 positioned on its back surface 3b, and therefore the refractory tile 3 is leaning on the horizontal rail 5 using its entire length.

[0055] Fig. 4 shows a side view of a lining system 1 comprising a plurality of horizontal rails 5 connected to a tube wall 2 of an incinerator and holding a plurality of refractory tiles 3. To assemble the lining of a tube wall 2 of an incinerator, a plurality of horizontal rails 5 can be connected, e.g., by welding, to the tube wall 2 of an incinerator at connection points. A plurality of refractory tiles 3 can be hinged via their horizontal channels 4, e.g., swiped, slid, or hitched, to the plurality of the horizontal rails 5. In this way, the tube wall 2 of the incinerator can be entirely lined. The plurality of horizontal rails 5 can be connected to the tube wall 2 to form a continuous row on which the plurality of refractory tiles 3 can be hinged by swiping or sliding or hitching each refractory tile 3 close to one another. To perform a complete lining of the tube wall, several rows of horizontal rails 5 are connected to the tube wall 2 spaced at a distance from each other that allows a plurality of refractory tiles 3 to be in close contact with each other as well as with the plurality of refractory tiles lined on a row above or below.

Claims

1. A lining system (1) for a tube wall (2) of an incinerator, wherein the lining system (1) comprises at least one refractory tile (3) having a front surface (3a) and a back surface (3b), and wherein the lining system (1) comprises at least one horizontal rail (5), wherein the at least one horizontal rail (5) is connectable to the tube wall (2) on at least two connection points, wherein the at least one refractory tile (3) is provided with an horizontal channel (4) at the back surface (3b), the horizontal channel (4) being configured to be hinged into the at least one horizontal rail (5) to assemble the lining system (1), characterized in that at least one holder (6) per connection point is provided, the at least one holder (6) per connection point being connectable to the tube wall (2), wherein the at least one horizontal rail (5) is connectable to the at least one holder (6) per connection point, preferably in a formed-fit way.

2. A lining system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that an upper inner surface (4a) of the horizontal channel (4) is inclined at an upward angle of between 10 and 80 degrees, more preferably of between 30 and 60 degrees, in respect to a direction perpendicular to the back surface (3b) of the refractory tile (3).

3. Lining system (1) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one horizontal rail (5) comprises a connecting component (51) and a hinging component (52), the hinging component (52) having an upper outer surface (52a) and a lower outer surface (52b), the connecting component (51) comprising the at least two connecting points.

4. Lining system (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the upper outer surface (52a) of the hinging component (52) is inclined at an upward angle of between 10 and 80 degrees, more preferably of between 30 and 60 degrees, in respect to a direction perpendicular to the connecting component (51) of the at least one horizontal rail (5).

5. Lining system (1) according to any one of claims 3 to 4, characterized in that the hinging component (52) of the at least one horizontal rail (5) is extending from the connecting component (51) towards the back surface (3b) of the at least one refractory tile (3) for a minimum of 10 mm (0,01 m) and / or to a maximum of 90% of the total thickness of the refractory tile.

6. Lining system (1) according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the connecting component (51) of the at least one horizontal rail (5) comprises a horizontal leg (53).

7. Lining system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the at least one refractory tile (3) comprises a knob (31) on its back surface (3b).

8. Lining system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the at least one refractory tile (3) is fixed to the at least one horizontal rail (5) by adding a refractory castable.

9. Lining system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the lining system (1) comprises a plurality of refractory tiles (3), the plurality of refractory tiles (3) having a front surface (3a) and a back surface (3b) and being provided with a horizontal channel (4) at the back surface (3b), the horizontal channels (4) being configured to be hinged into the at least one horizontal rail (5) to assemble the lining system (1).

10. Lining system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the lining system (1) comprises at plurality of refractory tiles (3) having a front surface (3a) and a back surface (3b), in that the lining system (1) comprises a plurality of horizontal rails (5), wherein each of the plurality horizontal rails (5) is connectable to the tube wall (2) on at least two connection points, wherein the plurality of refractory tiles (3) is provided with a horizontal channel (4) at the back surface (3b), the horizontal channels (4) being configured to be hinged into the plurality of horizontal rails (5) to assemble the lining system (1), wherein at least one refractory tile (3) is hinged into each of the plurality of horizontal rails (5).

11. Incinerator wall (2), preferably a tube wall (2) of an incinerator wall (2), comprising a lining system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the at least one horizontal rail (5) is connected to the at least one holder (6) per connection point and the at least one holder (6) per connection point is connected to the incinerator wall (2) or the tube wall (2) on the at least two connection points, wherein the at least one refractory tile (3) is hinged into the at least one horizontal rail (5) via the horizontal channel (4).

12. Method of lining an incinerator wall (2), preferably a tube wall (2) of an incinerator wall (2), comprising the steps: a. Providing an incinerator wall (2) or a tube wall (2) of an incinerator wall (2); b. Providing a lining system (1) according to any one of claim 1 to 10; c. Connecting the at least one horizontal rail (5) of the lining system (1) to the at least one holder (6) per connection point and connecting the at least one holder (6) per connection point to the incinerator wall (2) or the tube wall (2) on the at least two connection points; d. Hinging the at least one refractory tile (3) of the lining system (1) into the at least one horizontal rail (5) via the horizontal channel (4).

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