Methods and devices for configurable csi feedback including vector quantization
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2023-08-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-27
Smart Images

Figure CN2023114833_26092024_PF_FP
Abstract
Description
METHODS AND DEVICES FOR CONFIGURABLE CSI FEEDBACK INCLUDING VECTOR QUANTIZATION
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0002] The present disclosure claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 453,000 filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on March 17, 2023.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communications, and in particular to methods and devices for configurable channel state information (CSI) feedback including vector quantization.BACKGROUND
[0004] There are various codebooks used for New Radio CSI feedback. For example Release 15 (R15) includes the discussion of a type I / II codebook, R16 includes discussion of a type II time-frequency (t-f) compression, R17 includes discussion of a reciprocity-based codebook, and R18 includes discussion of a codebook for mobility.
[0005] For each new release of the standard there is significant work to establish guidelines for codebook enhancements as well as significant effort pertaining to chipset implementation to meet the new guidelines.
[0006] As telecommunication standards advance to 6th Generation (6G) and beyond, features such as diverse frequency band, transceiver architectures (e.g. hybrid beamforming (HBF) and / or digital beamforming (DBF) ) , and diverse antenna array (e.g. uniform antenna panel or non-uniform antenna panel, 2-dimensional antenna aperture or 3-dimensional antenna aperture) will be considered.
[0007] There are various carrier frequency ranges that need to be considered for providing CSI reporting. Examples of carrier frequency ranges include sub-3GHz, C-band, 6 to 15GHz (cmwave) , mmWave, and sub-THz.
[0008] There are also various transceiver architectures that may be used at the base station or gNB. For example, for Sub-3GHz, a full digital radio frequency (RF) architecture may be used. For C-band and 6 to 15GHz, a full digital RF architecture for horizontal antenna elements may be used and a hybrid (analog +digital RF) architecture for vertical antenna elements may be used. For Mmwave and sub-THz, a HBF architecture may be used.
[0009] Antenna array types and apertures can also vary, such that there uniform or non-uniform antenna panels may be used. In addition, antennas may also have a 2-dimensional aperture or a 3-dimensional antenna aperture. The base station or gNB and the UE may have multiple antenna ports where the number of antenna ports is N =2n and / or N<M ports, where M is the maximum number of supported antenna ports.
[0010] CSI may be determined for a diverse number and arrangement of scenarios. CSI may be determined for narrowband / wideband, e, g, approximately 400MHz. CSI may be determined for UEs that are moving with a high or medium or low velocity.
[0011] Therefore, it would be beneficial to have a unified and configurable CSI feedback method for 6G and beyond.SUMMARY
[0012] Aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatuses, devices, and methods for a CSI feedback scheme to report channel information to gNB, which could adapt to various scenarios and avoid the use of multiple different feedback schemes.
[0013] According to an aspect of the disclosure there is provided a method including: receiving, by a receiver, channel state information (CSI) configuration information comprising vector quantization configuration information; receiving, by the receiver from a transmitter, a reference signal used to determine CSI for a channel over which the reference signal is received; measuring, by the receiver, the received reference signal; determining, by the receiver, CSI parameters of the measured reference signal by performing vector quantization based on the vector quantization configuration information; and sending, by the receiver to the transmitter, the CSI parameters.
[0014] In some embodiments, performing vector quantization based on the vector quantization configuration information comprises performing vector quantization on a channel matrix based on channel estimation of the channel over which the reference signal is received.
[0015] In some embodiments, vector quantization configuration information comprises at least one of: time domain basis matrix information; frequency domain basis matrix information; spatial domain basis matrix information; channel parameter threshold information; information related to a non-uniform antenna array; an indication of a size of the sub-set of the orthogonal basis matrix set; or vector quantization accuracy information.
[0016] In some embodiments, at least one of the time domain basis matrix information, the frequency domain basis matrix information, or the spatial domain basis matrix information comprise at least one of: a type of matrix to use for the basis matrix; or an oversampling factor.
[0017] In some embodiments, the type of matrix to use for the basis matrix is at least one of: an identity matrix; a discrete frequency transform (DFT) matrix; or a chirp matrix.
[0018] In some embodiments, the channel parameter threshold information comprises a threshold for selecting the CSI parameters for feedback.
[0019] In some embodiments, the channel parameter threshold information comprises a number of bits to be reported for at least one of amplitude values or phase values of the CSI parameters in the time domain, frequency domain, spatial domain.
[0020] In some embodiments, the sending, by the receiver to the transmitter, the CSI parameters comprises sending, by the receiver, all eigen vectors of a CSI parameter matrix resulting from the vector quantization or a subset of eigen vectors of the CSI parameter matrix resulting from the vector quantization.
[0021] In some embodiments, the diverse range of transmitter antenna structure or receiver antenna structure comprises any one of a uniform antenna panel; a non-uniform antenna panel; a 2-dimensional antenna aperture; or a 3-dimensional antenna aperture.
[0022] In some embodiments, the diverse range of frequency band includes any one or more of sub-3GHz; C-band; 6 to 24GHz; millimeter-wave (Mmwave) or sub-THz.
[0023] In some embodiments, the sending, by the receiver to the transmitter, the CSI parameters comprises sending, by the receiver, an indication of a precoding matrix to be used at the receiver.
[0024] According to an aspect of the disclosure there is provided an apparatus including a processor and a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer executable instructions. The computer executable instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to: receive channel state information (CSI) configuration information comprising vector quantization configuration information; receive a reference signal used to determine CSI for a channel over which the reference signal is received; measure the received reference signal; determine CSI parameters of the measured reference signal by performing vector quantization based on the vector quantization configuration information; and send the CSI parameters.
[0025] According to an aspect of the disclosure there is provided a method comprising: transmitting, by a transmitter, CSI configuration information comprising vector quantization configuration information; transmitting, by the transmitter to a receiver, a reference signal used to determine CSI for a channel over which the reference signal is received; receiving, by the transmitter from the receiver, CSI parameters that have been determined based on measurements made of the reference signal at the receiver and vector quantization based on the vector quantization configuration information.
[0026] In some embodiments, performing vector quantization based on the vector quantization configuration information comprises performing vector quantization on a CSI matrix based on channel estimation of the channel over which the reference signal is received.
[0027] In some embodiments, vector quantization configuration information comprises at least one of: time domain basis matrix information; frequency domain basis matrix information; spatial domain basis matrix information; channel parameter threshold information; information related to a non-uniform antenna array; an indication of a size of the sub-set of the orthogonal basis matrix set; or vector quantization accuracy information.
[0028] In some embodiments, at least one of the time domain basis matrix information, the frequency domain basis matrix information, or the spatial domain basis matrix information comprise at least one of: the type of matrix to use for the basis matrix; or an oversampling factor.
[0029] In some embodiments, the type of matrix to use for the basis matrix is at least one of: an identity matrix; a DFT matrix; or a chirp matrix.
[0030] In some embodiments, the channel parameter threshold information comprises a threshold for selecting the CSI parameters for feedback.
[0031] In some embodiments, the channel parameter threshold information comprises a number of bits to be reported for at least one of amplitude values or phase values of the CSI parameters in the time domain, frequency domain, spatial domain.
[0032] In some embodiments, the receiving, by the transmitter from the receiver, the CSI parameters comprises receiving all eigen vectors of a CSI parameter matrix resulting from the vector quantization or a subset of eigen vectors of the CSI parameter matrix resulting from the vector quantization.
[0033] In some embodiments, the diverse range of transmitter antenna structure or receiver antenna structure comprises any one of a uniform antenna panel; a non-uniform antenna panel; a 2-dimensional antenna aperture; or a 3-dimensional antenna aperture.
[0034] In some embodiments, the diverse range of frequency band includes any one or more of sub-3GHz; C-band; 6 to 24GHz; millimeter-wave (Mmwave) or sub-THz.
[0035] In some embodiments, the receiving, by the transmitter from the receiver, the CSI parameters comprises receiving, by the transmitter, an indication of a precoding matrix to be used at the receiver.
[0036] According to an aspect of the disclosure there is provided an apparatus including a processor and a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer executable instructions. The computer executable instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to: transmit CSI configuration information comprising vector quantization configuration information; transmit a reference signal used to determine CSI for a channel over which the reference signal is received; and receive CSI parameters that have been determined based on measurements made of the reference signal at the receiver and vector quantization based on the vector quantization configuration information.
[0037] According to an aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, wherein the computer readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, enable the apparatus to perform a method as described above.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0038] For a more complete understanding of the present embodiments, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made, by way of example, to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0039] FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of a communication system in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur.
[0040] FIG. 1B is another schematic diagram of a communication system in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur.
[0041] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating units or modules in a device in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur.
[0042] FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating units or modules in a device in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur.
[0043] FIG. 4 illustrates examples of spatial, frequency and time domains that may be used for CSI-RS transmission to which vector quantization may be applied in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0044] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a uniform planar antenna array that may be used for transmissions of reference signals for CSI that are being processed according to embodiments of the present application.
[0045] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a three-dimensional antenna array that may be used for transmissions of reference signals for CSI that are being processed according to embodiments of the present application.
[0046] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a chirp signal that may be used as a reference signal for determining CSI according to embodiments of the present application.
[0047] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of chirp beam basis matrix for UE in near-field antenna according to embodiments of the present application.
[0048] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a basis matrix, in which a sub-set portion of the basis matrix is indicated to be configured, according to embodiments of the present application.
[0049] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of an equation for determining a basis matrix with oversampling according to embodiments of the present application.
[0050] FIG. 11 depicts a framework for CSI reporting.
[0051] FIG. 12 is a signal flow diagram for signaling between a UE and a base station (BS) , in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0052] FIG. 13 is an example of a coordinate transform.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0053] For illustrative purposes, specific example embodiments will now be explained in greater detail below in conjunction with the figures.
[0054] The embodiments set forth herein represent information sufficient to practice the claimed subject matter and illustrate ways of practicing such subject matter. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying figures, those of skill in the art will understand the concepts of the claimed subject matter and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims.
[0055] Moreover, it will be appreciated that any module, component, or device disclosed herein that executes instructions may include or otherwise have access to a non-transitory computer / processor readable storage medium or media for storage of information, such as computer / processor readable instructions, data structures, program modules, and / or other data. A non-exhaustive list of examples of non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media includes magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, optical disks such as compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , digital video discs or digital versatile discs (i.e. DVDs) , Blu-ray DiscTM, or other optical storage, volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology, random-access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory or other memory technology. Any such non-transitory computer / processor storage media may be part of a device or accessible or connectable thereto. Computer / processor readable / executable instructions to implement an application or module described herein may be stored or otherwise held by such non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media.
[0056] FIGs. 1A, 1B, and 2 following below provide context for the network and device that may be in the network and that may implement aspects of the present disclosure.
[0057] Referring to FIG. 1A, as an illustrative example without limitation, a simplified schematic illustration of a communication system is provided. The communication system 100 comprises a radio access network 120. The radio access network 120 may be a next generation (e.g. sixth generation (6G) or later) radio access network, or a legacy (e.g. 5G, 4G, 3G or 2G) radio access network. One or more communication electric device (ED) 110a-120j (generically referred to as 110) may be interconnected to one another, and may also or instead be connected to one or more network nodes (170a, 170b, generically referred to as 170) in the radio access network 120. A core network 130 may be a part of the communication system and may be dependent or independent of the radio access technology used in the communication system 100. Also the communication system 100 comprises a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160.
[0058] FIG. 1B illustrates an example communication system 100 in which embodiments of the present disclosure could be implemented. In general, the system 100 enables multiple wireless or wired elements to communicate data and other content. The purpose of the system 100 may be to provide content (voice, data, video, text) via broadcast, narrowcast, user device to user device, etc. The system 100 may operate efficiently by sharing resources such as bandwidth.
[0059] In this example, the communication system 100 includes electronic devices (ED) 110a-110c, radio access networks (RANs) 120a-120b, a core network 130, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. While certain numbers of these components or elements are shown in FIG. 1B, any reasonable number of these components or elements may be included in the system 100.
[0060] The EDs 110a-110c are configured to operate, communicate, or both, in the system 100. For example, the EDs 110a-110c are configured to transmit, receive, or both via wireless communication channels. Each ED 110a-110c represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to) as a user equipment / device (UE) , wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , mobile station, mobile subscriber unit, cellular telephone, station (STA) , machine type communication device (MTC) , personal digital assistant (PDA) , smartphone, laptop, computer, touchpad, wireless sensor, or consumer electronics device.
[0061] FIG. 1B illustrates an example communication system 100 in which embodiments of the present disclosure could be implemented. In general, the communication system 100 enables multiple wireless or wired elements to communicate data and other content. The purpose of the communication system 100 may be to provide content (voice, data, video, text) via broadcast, multicast, unicast, user device to user device, etc. The communication system 100 may operate by sharing resources such as bandwidth.
[0062] In this example, the communication system 100 includes electronic devices (ED) 110a-110d, radio access networks (RANs) 120a-120c, a core network 130, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160. Although certain numbers of these components or elements are shown in FIG. 1B, any reasonable number of these components or elements may be included in the communication system 100.
[0063] The EDs 110a-110d are configured to operate, communicate, or both, in the communication system 100. For example, the EDs 110a-110d are configured to transmit, receive, or both, via wireless or wired communication channels. Each ED 110a-110d represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to) as a user equipment / device (UE) , wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , mobile station, fixed or mobile subscriber unit, cellular telephone, station (STA) , machine type communication (MTC) device, personal digital assistant (PDA) , smartphone, laptop, computer, tablet, wireless sensor, or consumer electronics device.
[0064] In FIG. 1B, the RANs 120a-120b include base stations 170a-170b, respectively. Each base station 170a-170b is configured to wirelessly interface with one or more of the EDs 110a-110c to enable access to any other base station 170a-170b, the core network 130, the PSTN 140, the internet 150, and / or the other networks 160. For example, the base stations 170a-170b may include (or be) one or more of several well-known devices, such as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a Node-B (NodeB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB) , a Home eNodeB, a gNodeB, a transmission and receive point (TRP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , or a wireless router.
[0065] In some examples, one or more of the base stations 170a-170b may be a terrestrial base station that is attached to the ground. For example, a terrestrial base station could be mounted on a building or tower. Alternatively, one or more of the base stations 172 may be a non-terrestrial base station, or non-terrestrial TRP (NT-TRP) , that is not attached to the ground. A flying base station is an example of the non-terrestrial base station. A flying base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. Non-limiting examples of flying devices include airborne platforms (such as a blimp or an airship, for example) , balloons, quadcopters and other aerial vehicles. In some implementations, a flying base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone or a quadcopter. A flying base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station.
[0066] Any ED 110a-110d may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any other base station 170a-170b, the internet 150, the core network 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination of the preceding.
[0067] The EDs 110a-110d and base stations 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment that can be configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or embodiments described herein. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1B, the base station 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other base stations, base station controller (s) (BSC) , radio network controller (s) (RNC) , relay nodes, elements, and / or devices. Any base station 170a, 170b may be a single element, as shown, or multiple elements, distributed in the corresponding RAN, or otherwise. Also, the base station 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other base stations, elements, and / or devices. Each base station 170a-170b transmits and / or receives wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or “coverage area” . A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ multiple transceivers to provide service to multiple sectors. In some embodiments, there may be established pico or femto cells where the radio access technology supports such. In some embodiments, multiple transceivers could be used for each cell, for example using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The number of RAN 120a-120b shown is exemplary only. Any number of RAN may be contemplated when devising the communication system 100.
[0068] The base stations 170a-170b, 172 communicate with one or more of the EDs 110a-110c over one or more air interfaces 190a, 190c using wireless communication links e.g. radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. The air interfaces 190a, 190c may utilize any suitable radio access technology. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more orthogonal or non-orthogonal channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) in the air interfaces 190a, 190c.
[0069] A base station 170a-170b, 172 may implement Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) to establish an air interface 190a, 190c using wideband CDMA (WCDMA) . In doing so, the base station 170a-170b. 172 may implement protocols such as High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Evolved HPSA (HSPA+) optionally including High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) , High Speed Packet Uplink Access (HSPUA) or both. Alternatively, a base station 170a-170b, 172 may establish an air interface 190a, 190c with Evolved UTMS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) using LTE, LTE-A, and / or LTE-B. It is contemplated that the communication system 100 may use multiple channel access operation, including such schemes as described above. Other radio technologies for implementing air interfaces include IEEE 802.11, 802.15, 802.16, CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, IS-2000, IS-95, IS-856, GSM, EDGE, and GERAN. Of course, other multiple access schemes and wireless protocols may be utilized.
[0070] The RANs 120a-120b are in communication with the core network 130 to provide the EDs 110a-110c with various services such as voice, data, and other services. The RANs 120a-120b and / or the core network 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by core network 130, and may or may not employ the same radio access technology as RAN 120a, RAN 120b or both. The core network 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a-120b or EDs 110a-110c or both, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the internet 150, and the other networks 160) .
[0071] The EDs 110a-110d communicate with one another over one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b, 190d using wireless communication links e.g. radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. The SL air interfaces 190b, 190d may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110c communication with one or more of the base stations 170a-170b, or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) in the SL air interfaces 190b, 190d. In some embodiments, the SL air interfaces 180 may be, at least in part, implemented over unlicensed spectrum.
[0072] In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a-110d may include operation for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs may communicate via wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and to the internet 150. PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a-110d may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and incorporate multiple transceivers necessary to support multiple radio access technologies.
[0073] In some embodiments, the signal is transmitted from a terrestrial BS to the UE or transmitted from the UE directly to the terrestrial BS and in both cases the signal is not reflected by a RIS. However, the signal may be reflected by the obstacles and reflectors such as buildings, walls and furniture. In some embodiments, the signal is communicated between the UE and a non-terrestrial BS such as a satellite, a drone and a high altitude platform. In some embodiments, the signal is communicated between a relay and a UE or a relay and a BS or between two relays. In some embodiments, the signal is transmitted between two UEs. In some embodiments, one or multiple RIS are utilized to reflect the signal from a transmitter and a receiver, where any of the transmitter and receiver includes UEs, terrestrial or non-terrestrial BS, and relays.
[0074] FIG. 2 illustrates another example of an ED 110 and network devices, including a base station 170a, 170b (at 170) and an NT-TRP 172. The ED 110 is used to connect persons, objects, machines, etc. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , machine-type communications (MTC) , internet of things (IOT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0075] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to) as a user equipment / device (UE) , a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a machine type communication (MTC) device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, an industrial device, or apparatus (e.g. communication module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to using other terms. The base station 170a and 170b is a T-TRP and will hereafter be referred to as T-TRP 170. Also shown in FIG. 2, a NT-TRP will hereafter be referred to as NT-TRP 172. Each ED 110 connected to T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0076] The ED 110 includes a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. Only one antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated, e.g. as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna 204 or network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals.
[0077] The ED 110 includes at least one memory 208. The memory 208 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the ED 110. For example, the memory 208 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the processing unit (s) 210. Each memory 208 includes any suitable volatile and / or non-volatile storage and retrieval device (s) . Any suitable type of memory may be used, such as random access memory (RAM) , read only memory (ROM) , hard disk, optical disc, subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital (SD) memory card, on-processor cache, and the like.
[0078] The ED 110 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces (such as a wired interface to the internet 150 in FIGs. 2A or 2B) . The input / output devices permit interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device includes any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user, such as a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, or touch screen, including network interface communications.
[0079] The ED 110 further includes a processor 210 for performing operations including those related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission to the NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170, those related to processing downlink transmissions received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170, and those related to processing sidelink transmission to and from another ED 110. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing downlink transmissions may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Depending upon the embodiment, a downlink transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the downlink transmission (e.g. by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, e.g. beam angle information (BAI) , received from T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 210 may perform operations relating to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as operations relating to detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, e.g. using a reference signal received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170.
[0080] Although not illustrated, the processor 210 may form part of the transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203. Although not illustrated, the memory 208 may form part of the processor 210.
[0081] The processor 210, and the processing components of the transmitter 201 and receiver 203 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (e.g. in memory 208) . Alternatively, some or all of the processor 210, and the processing components of the transmitter 201 and receiver 203 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed field-programmable gate array (FPGA) , a graphical processing unit (GPU) , or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) .
[0082] The T-TRP 170 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a base station, a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , or a wireless router, a relay station, a remote radio head, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, or a terrestrial base station, base band unit (BBU) , remote radio unit (RRU) , active antenna unit (AAU) , remote radio head (RRH) , central unit (CU) , distributed unit (DU) , positioning node, among other possibilities. The T-TRP 170 may be macro BSs, pico BSs, relay node, donor node, or the like, or combinations thereof. The T-TRP 170 may refer to the forging devices, or to apparatus (e.g. communication module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices. While the figures and accompanying description of example and embodiments of the disclosure generally use the terms AP, BS, and AP or BS, it is to be understood that such device could be any of the types described above.
[0083] In some embodiments, the parts of the T-TRP 170 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the T-TRP 170 may be located remote from the equipment housing the antennas of the T-TRP 170, and may be coupled to the equipment housing the antennas over a communication link (not shown) sometimes known as front haul, such as common public radio interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some embodiments, the term T-TRP 170 may also refer to modules on the network side that perform processing operations, such as determining the location of the ED 110, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that are not necessarily part of the equipment housing the antennas of the T-TRP 170. The modules may also be coupled to other T-TRPs. In some embodiments, the T-TRP 170 may actually be a plurality of T-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, e.g. through coordinated multipoint transmissions.
[0084] The T-TRP 170 includes at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only one antenna 256 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated as a transceiver. The T-TRP 170 further includes a processor 260 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110, processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to NT-TRP 172, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the NT-TRP 172. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g. multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, and demodulating and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also perform operations relating to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 also generates the indication of beam direction, e.g. BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by scheduler 253. The processor 260 performs other network-side processing operations described herein, such as determining the location of the ED 110, determining where to deploy NT-TRP 172, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 may generate signaling, e.g. to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110 and / or one or more parameters of the NT-TRP 172. Any signaling generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. Note that “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be called control signaling. Dynamic signaling may be transmitted in a control channel, e.g. a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , and static or semi-static higher layer signaling may be included in a packet transmitted in a data channel, e.g. in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) .
[0085] A scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260. The scheduler 253 may be included within or operated separately from the T-TRP 170, which may schedule uplink, downlink, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free ( “configured grant” ) resources. The T-TRP 170 further includes a memory 258 for storing information and data. The memory 258 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the T-TRP 170. For example, the memory 258 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the processor 260.
[0086] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may form part of the transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254. Also, although not illustrated, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253. Although not illustrated, the memory 258 may form part of the processor 260.
[0087] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, and the processing components of the transmitter 252 and receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g. in memory 258. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 260, the scheduler 253, and the processing components of the transmitter 252 and receiver 254 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC.
[0088] Although the NT-TRP 172 is illustrated as a drone only as an example, the NT-TRP 172 may be implemented in any suitable non-terrestrial form. Also, the NT-TRP 172 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, or a non-terrestrial base station. The NT-TRP 172 includes a transmitter 272 and a receiver 274 coupled to one or more antennas 280. Only one antenna 280 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 272 and the receiver 274 may be integrated as a transceiver. The NT-TRP 172 further includes a processor 276 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110, processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to T-TRP 170, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the T-TRP 170. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g. MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, and demodulating and decoding received symbols. In some embodiments, the processor 276 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (e.g. BAI) received from T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 276 may generate signaling, e.g. to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 implements physical layer processing, but does not implement higher layer functions such as functions at the medium access control (MAC) or radio link control (RLC) layer. As this is only an example, more generally, the NT-TRP 172 may implement higher layer functions in addition to physical layer processing.
[0089] The NT-TRP 172 further includes a memory 278 for storing information and data. Although not illustrated, the processor 276 may form part of the transmitter 272 and / or receiver 274. Although not illustrated, the memory 278 may form part of the processor 276.
[0090] The processor 276 and the processing components of the transmitter 272 and receiver 274 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g. in memory 278. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 276 and the processing components of the transmitter 272 and receiver 274 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 may actually be a plurality of NT-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, e.g. through coordinated multipoint transmissions.
[0091] The T-TRP 170, the NT-TRP 172, and / or the ED 110 may include other components, but these have been omitted for the sake of clarity.
[0092] One or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules, according to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 illustrates units or modules in a device, such as in ED 110, in T-TRP 170, or in NT-TRP 172. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. A signal may be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. A signal may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. Other steps may be performed by an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) module. The respective units or modules may be implemented using hardware, one or more components or devices that execute software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units or modules may be an integrated circuit, such as a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. It will be appreciated that where the modules are implemented using software for execution by a processor for example, they may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.
[0093] Additional details regarding the EDs 110, T-TRP 170, and NT-TRP 172 are known to those of skill in the art. As such, these details are omitted here.
[0094] One or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules, according to FIG. 3. FIG. 3 illustrates units or modules in a device, such as in ED 110, in T-TRP 170, or in NT-TRP 172. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. A signal may be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. A signal may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. Other steps may be performed by an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) module. The respective units or modules may be implemented using hardware, one or more components or devices that execute software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units or modules may be an integrated circuit, such as a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. It will be appreciated that where the modules are implemented using software for execution by a processor for example, they may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.
[0095] Additional details regarding the EDs 110, T-TRP 170, and NT-TRP 172 are known to those of skill in the art. As such, these details are omitted here.
[0096] For future wireless networks, a number of the new devices could increase exponentially with diverse functionalities. Also, many new applications and new use cases in future wireless networks than existing in 5G may emerge with more diverse quality of service demands. These will result in new key performance indications (KPIs) for the future wireless network (for an example, 6G network) that can be extremely challenging, so the sensing technologies, and AI technologies, especially ML (deep learning) technologies, had been introduced to telecommunication for improving the system performance and efficiency.
[0097] AI / ML technologies applied communication including AI / ML communication in Physical layer and AI / ML communication in media access control (MAC) layer. For physical layer, the AI / ML communication may be useful to optimize the components design and improve the algorithm performance, like AI / ML on channel coding, channel modelling, channel estimation, channel decoding, modulation, demodulation, MIMO, waveform, multiple access, PHY element parameter optimization and update, beam forming &tracking and sensing &positioning, etc. For MAC layer, AI / ML communication may utilize the AI / ML capability with learning, prediction and make decisions to solve the complicated optimization problems with better strategy and optimal solution, for example to optimize the functionality in MAC, e.g. intelligent TRP management, intelligent beam management, intelligent channel resource allocation, intelligent power control, intelligent spectrum utilization, intelligent modulation and coding scheme (MCS) , intelligent hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) strategy, intelligent transmit / receive (Tx / Rx) mode adaption, etc.
[0098] AI / ML architectures usually involve multiple nodes, which can be organized in two modes, i.e., centralized and distributed, both of which can be deployed in access network, core network, or an edge computing system or third-party network. The centralized training and computing architecture is restricted by huge communication overhead and strict user data privacy. Distributed training and computing architecture comprise several frameworks, e.g., distributed machine learning and federated learning. AI / ML architectures comprises intelligent controller which can perform as single agent or multi-agent, based on joint optimization or individual optimization. New protocol and signaling mechanism is needed so that the corresponding interface link can be personalized with customized parameters to meet particular requirements while minimizing signaling overhead and maximizing the whole system spectrum efficiency by personalized AI technologies.
[0099] Further terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks can enable a new range of services and applications such as earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation, and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility. Terrestrial networks based sensing and non-terrestrial networks based sensing could provide intelligent context-aware networks to enhance the UE experience. For example, terrestrial networks based sensing and non-terrestrial networks based sensing may involve opportunities for localization and sensing applications based on a new set of features and service capabilities. Applications such as THz imaging and spectroscopy have the potential to provide continuous, real-time physiological information via dynamic, non-invasive, contactless measurements for future digital health technologies. Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) methods will not only enable advanced cross reality (XR) applications but also enhance the navigation of autonomous objects such as vehicles and drones. Further in terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks, the measured channel data and sensing and positioning data can be obtained by the large bandwidth, new spectrum, dense network and more light-of-sight (LOS) links. Based on these data, a radio environmental map can be drawn through AI / ML methods, where channel information is linked to its corresponding positioning or environmental information to provide an enhanced physical layer design based on this map.
[0100] Sensing coordinators are nodes in a network that can assist in the sensing operation. These nodes can be standalone nodes dedicated to just sensing operations or other nodes (for example TRP 170, ED 110, or core network node) doing the sensing operations in parallel with communication transmissions. A new protocol and signaling mechanism is needed so that the corresponding interface link can be performed with customized parameters to meet particular requirements while minimizing signaling overhead and maximizing the whole system spectrum efficiency.
[0101] AI / ML and sensing methods are data intensive. In order to involve AI / ML and sensing in wireless communications, more and more data are needed to be collected, stored, and exchanged. The characteristics of wireless data expand quite large ranges in multiple dimensions, e.g., from sub-6 GHz, millimeter to Terahertz carrier frequency, from space, outdoor to indoor scenario, and from text, voice to video. These data collecting, processing and usage operations are performed in a unified framework or a different framework.
[0102] Control information is referenced in some embodiments herein. Control information may sometimes instead be referred to as control signaling, or signaling. In some cases, control information may be dynamically communicated, e.g. in the physical layer in a control channel, such as in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) or physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . An example of control information that is dynamically indicated is information sent in physical layer control signaling, e.g., uplink control information (UCI) sent in a PUCCH or PUSCH or downlink control information (DCI) sent in a PDCCH. A dynamic indication may be an indication in a lower layer, e.g., physical layer / layer 1 signaling, rather than in a higher-layer (e.g. rather than in RRC signaling or in a MAC CE) . A semi-static indication may be an indication in semi-static signaling. Semi-static signaling, as used herein, may refer to signaling that is not dynamic, e.g. higher-layer signaling (such as RRC signaling) , and / or a MAC CE. Dynamic signaling, as used herein, may refer to signaling that is dynamic, e.g., physical layer control signaling sent in the physical layer, such as DCI sent in a PDCCH or UCI sent in a PUCCH or PUSCH.
[0103] Aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatuses, devices, and methods for a CSI feedback scheme to report channel information to gNB, which could adapt to various scenarios.
[0104] An overall CSI feedback framework is shown in FIG. 11. This framework may, for example, be implemented using the system of FIGs. 1A, 1B, 2 and 3. CSI-RS transmission is generally indicated at 1100. CSI feedback configuration is generally indicated at 1102. A gNB implements 1100 and 1102. UE side functionality includes CSI measurement generally indicated at 1104, and CSI reporting, generally indicated at 1106.
[0105] CSI-RS Transmission
[0106] CSI-RS are transmitted using transmit antenna ports. Transmission using an antenna port involves transmitting known reference symbols using one or more specified antennas, and one or more OFDM subcarriers.
[0107] CSI Configuration
[0108] CSI configuration involves the transmission of signalling from the gNB to the UE to inform he UE of the nature of CSI-RS transmission (e.g. CSI RS port configuration) and / or to inform the UE how to report CSI. In some embodiments, multiple feedback mechanisms are available for use by a UE, one of which is the provided method of feedback based on scalar quantization. In some embodiments, CSI configuration includes the gNB sending an indication of which feedback mechanism to use, as between the provided method based on scalar quantization and one or other methods. Application scenarios for use of feedback based on scalar quantization include, for example but are not limited to, sensing assisted channel acquisition, AI assisted channel acquisition.
[0109] CSI Measurement
[0110] CSI measurement at the UE, also referred to as channel estimation, involves, on a per receive antenna basis, estimating CSI (e.g. amplitude and phase) on a per transmit antenna port basis. A full set of channel estimates includes one estimate for each transmit antenna port, receive antenna pair. A UE conducts CSI estimation on the resources for the configured CSI-RS to obtain the estimates of the channel between gNB and UE.
[0111] CSI Reporting
[0112] CSI reporting, also referred to as CSI feedback, involves transmission from the UE to the gNB information based on the CSI estimates. In some embodiments, multiple feedback mechanisms are available for use by a UE, one of which is the provided method of feedback based on scalar quantization. In some embodiments, the gNB sends an indication of which feedback mechanism to use, as between the provided method based on scalar quantization and one or other methods. Another one of the available mechanisms may, for example, be one of the existing codebook-based mechanisms. Which feedback mechanism a given UE is to use may be set based on explicit or implicit signalling from the base station, or alternatively can be set based on other conditions.
[0113] Aspects of the present disclosure provide a new codebook structure of CSI feedback for MIMO. In some embodiments, the unified codebook structure in multi-domain enables configurability of vector quantization in the time domain, spatial domain and frequency domain.
[0114] Determining an estimate of a channel between a transmitter and a receiver, for example a base station and a UE, involved transmitting a reference signal by the transmitter and the receiver receiving the reference signal. The receiver measures the received reference signal and determines how the known reference signal has changed and that change is attributed to the effects of the channel.
[0115] Vector quantization, is also referred to as "block quantization" or "pattern matching quantization" and may be used for lossy data compression. Values from a multidimensional vector space are encoded into a finite set of values from a discrete subspace of a lower dimension. A lower dimension space vector may use less storage space, so the data is therefore compressed. Vector quantization may be performed by projection or by using a codebook.
[0116] A set of discrete amplitude levels is quantized jointly rather than each sample being quantized separately. Consider a k-dimensional vector [x1, x2, .... xk] of amplitude levels. It is compressed by choosing a nearest matching vector from a set of n-dimensional vectors [y1, y2, .... y] , with n < k. All possible combinations of the n-dimensional vector [y1, y2, .... yk] form the vector space to which all the quantized vectors belong.
[0117] In some situations, only an index of the codeword in the codebook is sent instead of the quantized values. This conserves space and achieves more compression.
[0118] In some embodiments, a representation of the channel that is subject to vector quantization is expressed as a matrix or tensor:
[0119] where BT , BF , and BS are basis matrices in the time domain, frequency domain and spatial domain, respectively. C is a matrix that includes channel parameters that are fed back to the transmitter.
[0120] When the antenna array at the transmitter is a uniform planar antenna array, the basis matrix in the spatial domain BS may be a two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform (2D-DFT)
[0121] When the antenna array at the transmitter is a non-uniform planar antenna array, the basis matrix in the spatial domain BS may be represented in the form: BS=A·BDFT where matrix A may be related to a shape of the non-uniform antenna array.
[0122] In some embodiments, the matrix A may be configured for the receiver by broadcast or multicast signaling by the network. In some embodiments, the matrix BDFT may be predefined, for example in a telecommunication standard.
[0123] In some embodiments, when the basis matrix in the time domain BT is configured as the identity matrix, only spatial and frequency domain vector quantization is applied and the channel matrix or tensor H may be represented as:
[0124] When the time and frequency domain basis matrices BT and BF are each configured as the identity matrix, only spatial domain vector quantization is applied, and the channel matrix or tensor H may be represented as: H=BS·C
[0125] In some embodiments, the basis matrix in time domain, frequency domain and spatial domain may be configured independently. For example, the base station may transmit configuration information to the UE that enables the UE to configure the UE to use an appropriate time domain basis matrix, frequency domain basis matrix, or spatial domain basis matrix. Furthermore, the configuration may be used to modify or update a time domain basis matrix, frequency domain basis matrix, or spatial domain basis matrix that was previously configured.
[0126] In some embodiments, a basis matrix or tensor may be Kroneck product of the configured basis matrixes for two or more domains.
[0127] In some embodiments, the basis matrix in one or more of the time domain, frequency domain, or spatial domain may be predefined, for example in a telecommunication standard. In some embodiments, the basis matrix in one or more of the time domain, frequency domain, or spatial domain may be notified by the base station as part of configuration information sent to the UE. Examples of predefined basis matrix may include the identity matrix, DFT matrix, chirp matrix.
[0128] In some embodiments, the number of domains (selected from space, time, frequency) for which vector projection may be configured by the base station. For example, the number of domains may be part of configuration information sent by the base station.
[0129] In some embodiments, the number of domains (selected from space, time, frequency) for which vector projection may be associated with the reference signal (RS) configured for CSI measurement. The type of RS may be a CSI-RS, or other types of RS capable of being used for determining CSI.
[0130] Vector quantization is suitable for determining CSI feedback over one or more domains. Measurements for determining CSI are made of the reference signal, wherein the reference signal is measured in a at least one of a continuous time window or block, a continuous frequency window or block or a continuous spatial window or block. In some embodiments, with regard to the spatial domain, the receiver determining CSI for the purposes of CSI feedback may be aware of the antenna array structure. With regard to the frequency domain, the receiver determining CSI for the purposes of CSI feedback may receive the reference signal over a continuous frequency band. With regard to the time domain, the receiver determining CSI for the purposes of CSI feedback may receive the reference signal over a continuous frequency band time window.
[0131] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of an antenna array 410 in the spatial domain where each “X” on the 2D antenna array represents a pair of antennas for transmitting a reference signal to be used for CSI measurement and feedback, an example of a frequency domain resource 420 where multiple sub-bands are shown for transmitting a reference signal to be used for CSI measurement and feedback, and an example of a time domain resource 430 to be used for transmitting a reference signal to be used for CSI measurement and feedback.
[0132] In order to determine CSI, the receiver measures channel information in one or more of the time domain, the frequency domain, or the spatial domain. The receiver may determine feedback to send to the transmitter in form of a channel matrix or tensor. The receiver may feedback all eigen vectors of the channel matrix or tensor or a subset of eigen vectors of the channel matrix or tensor.
[0133] In some embodiments, the receiver may also feedback a precoding matrix to be used at the UE sides that the UE has selected or that the UE is recommending be used.
[0134] Information about antenna arrays is particularly relevant to basis matrix in the spatial domain. Examples of different types of antennas for which information about the antenna may affect the basis matrix in the spatial domain include a 2D antenna array and a 3D antenna array. FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a 2D planar antenna array 510. The arrangement of antennas is also shown in the 2D arrangement 520. In some embodiments, for a uniform planar array, the basis matrix in the spatial domain may be represented as: BS=BDFT
[0135] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of an individual 3D antenna 610 and an antenna array 620 made up of multiple individual 3D antennas. In some embodiments, for a uniform planar array, the basis matrix in the spatial domain may be represented as: BS=A·BDFT
[0136] FIG. 13 shows a coordinate transform. In a polar coordinate system, a direction vector unit can be represented as
[0137] For antenna element n, the position can be represented as
[0138] where dn is the distance from the antenna element to a coordinate origin. Therefore, the steering vector may be represented as
[0139] With Jacobi-Anger Approximation, the steering vector may be represented as:
[0140] where Jk (·) represents a first-class Bezier function of order k, furthermore, let θ′=θ+φ, φ′=θ-φ,
[0141] Then the steering vector can be expressed as:
[0142] where represents Kronecker product. vec (A) T is the vectorization of a matrix A which converts the matrix A into a column vector, where vec (An) Tis the nth row of matrix A.
[0143] In some embodiments, the CSI-RS is configured as a chirp signal, e.g. CSI-RS for sensing. In such cases the basis matrix may be at least one of a frequency domain basis matrix or spatial domain basis matrix. In a particular example, when the CSI-RS is a chirp signal, the basis matrix in the frequency domain may be based on the following relationship: Bfreq= exp (j2πfit+jπαt2)
[0144] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a chirp signal 700 that may be used as a CSI-RS.
[0145] In a particular example, when the CSI-RS is a chirp signal, the basis matrix in the spatial domain may be based on the following relationship:
[0146] where n is an index of an antenna and f is index of a frequency sub-carrier.
[0147] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a receiver, in the form of a UE 820, in a near field of a 1 dimensional antenna array of a transmitter, in the form of a gNB 810 or a base station. The antenna array include 2NAnt +1 antennas in the antenna array. FIG. 8 illustrates the variables θ0 and r0 with regard to the antenna labeled as “0” in the antenna array.
[0148] In some embodiments, a number of projections for the basis matrix for CSI quantization may be a sub-set of the complete orthogonal basis matrix set. FIG. 9 shows an example of a complete orthogonal basis matrix 900 where only the matrix elements in the circled portion 910 are configured. A portion may be configured by identifying the matrix elements that are to be configured and what the new configured matrix elements are.
[0149] In some embodiments, oversampling of the complete orthogonal basis matrix set may be applied to the basis matrix for CSI quantization. FIG. 10 shows an example of weighting factors that may be applied, where O1, O2 are the oversampling factors.
[0150] In some embodiments, the transmitter, which may be a base station, sends configuration information that includes vector quantization configuration information to the receiver, which may be a UE.
[0151] In some embodiments, the vector quantization configuration information may include an indication of a Quantization objective. In a particular example, this may include that the vector quantization is intended to quantize the top 2 eigen vectors of a channel matrix or tensor that represents the channel in matrix or tensor between the transmitter and receiver.
[0152] In some embodiments, the vector quantization configuration information may include information about the basis matrix configuration. For example, the vector quantization configuration information may indicate the basis matrix is a DFT basis matrix in at least one of the spatial or the frequency domain or that the basis matrix is the identify matrix in the time domain. Other basis matrix configuration information may be an oversampling factor, such as an oversampling factor for the spatial domain is Ospatial=4 or an oversampling factor for the frequency domain is Ofreq=4.
[0153] In some embodiments, the vector quantization configuration information may include information about a threshold for use is selecting channel parameters for feedback to the transmitter. A particular example of a threshold in the spatial domain may be where Cspatiali is a value of a spatial domain channel parameter of index i and Cspatialmax is a maximum value of a spatial domain channel parameter. A particular example of a threshold in the frequency domain may be frequency domain: where Cfreqj is a value of a frequency domain channel parameter of index j and Cfreqmax is a maximum value of a frequency domain channel parameter.
[0154] In some embodiments, the vector quantization configuration information may include information about vector quantization accuracy. For example, the vector quantization accuracy may define a number of bits used to represent amplitude and phase of the channel parameters. A particular example of vector quantization accuracy information may be, for parameters in the spatial domain, 3 bits for amplitude and 4 bits for phase. A particular example of vector quantization accuracy information may be, for parameters in the frequency domain, 2 bits for amplitude and 4 bits for phase.
[0155] When the receiver receives the vector quantization configuration information, the receiver may be configured to use the provided vector quantization configuration information as part of determining CSI and providing CSI feedback to the transmitter.
[0156] As part of the CSI process, the transmitter also sends other configuration information to the receiver, such as configuration information identifying the type of reference signal or other relevant information about the reference signal as well as how and what CSI information should be sent back to the transmitter.
[0157] After the receiver has received the configuration information and is aware the reference signal will be sent, the receiver measures the received reference signal and conducts channel estimation based on the reference signal configuration.
[0158] The receiver then projects the CSI matrix or tensor to the configured basis matrix to obtain the channel parameters in at least one of the time, spatial or frequency domains.
[0159] The receiver performs channel parameter quantization and send feedback information to the transmitter.
[0160] FIG. 12 is an example of signal flow diagram 1200 for signalling between a transmitter 1201 and receiver 1202. In some embodiments, the transmitter 1201 may be a base station and the receiver 1202 may be a UE. While the example described below is described for a scenario where the transmitter is a base station and the receiver is a UE, it should be understood that the transmitter is a UE and the receiver is a UE, or the transmitter is a UE and the receiver is a base station.
[0161] At step 1210, the transmitter 1201 sends channel state information (CSI) configuration information comprising vector quantization configuration information. The configuration information may also send other configuration information relevant to the receiver 1202 performing a CSI measurement and the receiver 1202 sending CSI information back to the transmitter 1201.
[0162] As step 1220, the transmitter 1202 sends a reference signal that the receiver is to use to determine CSI for a channel over which the reference signal is received.
[0163] At step 1230, the receiver 1202 measures the received reference signal and determines CSI parameters of the measured reference signal by performing vector quantization based on the vector quantization configuration information received in step 1210.
[0164] At step 1240, the receiver sends to the transmitter, the CSI parameters determined in step 1230.
[0165] Examples of devices (e.g., ED or UE and TRP or network device) to perform the various methods described herein are also disclosed. For example, a (first) device may include a memory to store processor-executable instructions, and a processor to execute the processor-executable instructions. When the processor executes the processor-executable instructions, the processor may be caused to perform the method steps of one or more of the devices as described herein, e.g., in relation to figures described above. For example, the processor may cause the device to communicate over an air interface in a mode of operation by implementing operations consistent with that mode of operation, e.g. performing necessary measurements and generating content from those measurements, as configured for the mode of operation, preparing uplink transmissions and processing downlink transmissions, e.g. encoding, decoding, etc., and configuring and / or instructing transmission / reception on RF chain (s) and antenna (s) .
[0166] Note that the expression “at least one of A or B” , as used herein, is interchangeable with the expression “A and / or B” . It refers to a list in which you may select A or B or both A and B. Similarly, “at least one of A, B, or C” , as used herein, is interchangeable with “A and / or B and / or C” or “A, B, and / or C” . It refers to a list in which you may select: A or B or C, or both A and B, or both A and C, or both B and C, or all of A, B and C. The same principle applies for longer lists having a same format.
[0167] It should be appreciated that one or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. A signal may be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. A signal may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. The respective units / modules may be hardware, software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units / modules may be an integrated circuit, such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) . It will be appreciated that where the modules are software, they may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances as required, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.
[0168] Although a combination of features is shown in the illustrated embodiments, not all of them need to be combined to realize the benefits of various embodiments of this disclosure. In other words, a device, apparatus, system or method designed according to an embodiment of this disclosure will not necessarily include all of the features shown in any one of the figures or all of the portions schematically shown in the figures. Moreover, selected features of one example embodiment may be combined with selected features of other example embodiments.
[0169] While this disclosure has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description. It is therefore intended that the appended claims encompass any such modifications or embodiments.
Claims
1.A method comprising:receiving, by a receiver, channel state information (CSI) configuration information comprising vector quantization configuration information;receiving, by the receiver from a transmitter, a reference signal used to determine CSI for a channel over which the reference signal is received;measuring, by the receiver, the received reference signal;determining, by the receiver, CSI parameters of the measured reference signal by performing vector quantization based on the vector quantization configuration information; andsending, by the receiver to the transmitter, the CSI parameters.2.The method of claim 1, wherein performing vector quantization based on the vector quantization configuration information comprises performing vector quantization on a channel matrix based on channel estimation of the channel over which the reference signal is received.3.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein vector quantization configuration information comprises at least one of:time domain basis matrix information;frequency domain basis matrix information;spatial domain basis matrix information;channel parameter threshold information;information related to a non-uniform antenna array;an indication of a size of the sub-set of the orthogonal basis matrix set; orvector quantization accuracy information.4.The method of claim 3, wherein at least one of the time domain basis matrix information, the frequency domain basis matrix information, or the spatial domain basis matrix information comprise at least one of: a type of matrix to use for the basis matrix; or an oversampling factor.5.The method of claim 4, wherein the type of matrix to use for the basis matrix is at least one of: an identity matrix; a discrete frequency transform (DFT) matrix; or a chirp matrix.6.The method of claim 3, wherein the channel parameter threshold information comprises a threshold for selecting the CSI parameters for feedback.7.The method of claim 3, wherein the channel parameter threshold information comprises a number of bits to be reported for at least one of amplitude values or phase values of the CSI parameters in the time domain, frequency domain, spatial domain.8.The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the sending, by the receiver to the transmitter, the CSI parameters comprises sending, by the receiver, all eigen vectors of a CSI parameter matrix resulting from the vector quantization or a subset of eigen vectors of the CSI parameter matrix resulting from the vector quantization.9.The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the diverse range of transmitter antenna structure or receiver antenna structure comprises any one of a uniform antenna panel; a non-uniform antenna panel; a 2-dimensional antenna aperture; or a 3-dimensional antenna aperture.10.The method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the diverse range of frequency band includes any one or more of sub-3GHz; C-band; 6 to 24GHz; millimeter-wave (Mmwave) or sub-THz.11.The method of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the sending, by the receiver to the transmitter, the CSI parameters comprises sending, by the receiver, an indication of a precoding matrix to be used at the receiver.12.An apparatus comprising:a processor; anda computer readable storage medium, having stored thereon computer executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, that cause the apparatus to:receive channel state information (CSI) configuration information comprising vector quantization configuration information;receive a reference signal used to determine CSI for a channel over which the reference signal is received;measure the received reference signal;determine CSI parameters of the measured reference signal by performing vector quantization based on the vector quantization configuration information; andsend the CSI parameters.13.A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, wherein the computer readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, enable the apparatus to perform a method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.14.A method comprising:transmitting, by a transmitter, channel state information (CSI) configuration information comprising vector quantization configuration information;transmitting, by the transmitter to a receiver, a reference signal used to determine CSI for a channel over which the reference signal is received;receiving, by the transmitter from the receiver, CSI parameters that have been determined based on measurements made of the reference signal at the receiver and vector quantization based on the vector quantization configuration information.15.The method of claim 14, wherein performing vector quantization based on the vector quantization configuration information comprises performing vector quantization on a CSI matrix based on channel estimation of the channel over which the reference signal is received.16.The method of claim 14 or 15, wherein vector quantization configuration information comprises at least one of:time domain basis matrix information;frequency domain basis matrix information;spatial domain basis matrix information;channel parameter threshold information;information related to a non-uniform antenna array;an indication of a size of the sub-set of the orthogonal basis matrix set; orvector quantization accuracy information.17.The method of claim 16, wherein at least one of the time domain basis matrix information, the frequency domain basis matrix information, or the spatial domain basis matrix information comprise at least one of: the type of matrix to use for the basis matrix; or an oversampling factor.18.The method of claim 17, wherein the type of matrix to use for the basis matrix is at least one of: an identity matrix; a discrete frequency transform (DFT) matrix; or a chirp matrix.19.The method of claim 16, wherein the channel parameter threshold information comprises a threshold for selecting the CSI parameters for feedback.20.The method of claim 16, wherein the channel parameter threshold information comprises a number of bits to be reported for at least one of amplitude values or phase values of the CSI parameters in the time domain, frequency domain, spatial domain.21.The method of any one of claims 14 to 20, wherein the receiving, by the transmitter from the receiver, the CSI parameters comprises receiving all eigen vectors of a CSI parameter matrix resulting from the vector quantization or a subset of eigen vectors of the CSI parameter matrix resulting from the vector quantization.22.The method of any one of claims 14 to 21, wherein the diverse range of transmitter antenna structure or receiver antenna structure comprises any one of a uniform antenna panel; a non-uniform antenna panel; a 2-dimensional antenna aperture; or a 3-dimensional antenna aperture.23.The method of any one of claims 14 to 22, wherein the diverse range of frequency band includes any one or more of sub-3GHz; C-band; 6 to 24GHz; millimeter-wave (Mmwave) or sub-THz.24.The method of any one of claims 14 to 23, wherein the receiving, by the transmitter from the receiver, the CSI parameters comprises receiving, by the transmitter, an indication of a precoding matrix to be used at the receiver.25.An apparatus comprising:a processor; anda computer readable storage medium, having stored thereon computer executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, that cause the apparatus to:transmit channel state information (CSI) configuration information comprising vector quantization configuration information;transmit a reference signal used to determine CSI for a channel over which the reference signal is received;receive CSI parameters that have been determined based on measurements made of the reference signal at the receiver and vector quantization based on the vector quantization configuration information.26.A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, wherein the computer readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, enable the apparatus to perform a method according to any one of claims 14 to 24.