Methods and apparatuses for data transmission
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2023-06-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-08
Smart Images

Figure CN2023105218_17102024_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR DATA TRANSMISSIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communications, and in particular to methods and apparatuses for data transmission.BACKGROUND
[0002] There are known methods of establishing frame timing alignment that might be suitable for serving applications in current wireless communication networks, such as long-term evolution (LTE) or fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR) . However, it may be challenging to establish a standardized frame timing alignment process for use among diverse frame structures such that the frame timing alignment is suitable for serving some of the applications that are being considered for future wireless communication networks, such as sixth generation (6G) wireless communication network.
[0003] One challenge that might be encountered in future wireless communication networks is related to integrated communication and sensing. In integrated communication and sensing, a first bandwidth part (BWP) may use a first waveform type, such as a single carrier orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDM) waveform, for sensing, and a second BWP may use a second waveform type, such as a multi-carrier OFDM waveform, for communication. For example, in the first BWP, a single subcarrier may be used for sensing, and the symbol length may depend on the frequency of the single subcarrier, e.g., T = 1 / f. In the second BWP, the symbol length may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Since the symbol length may be determined based on different factors in each BWP, existing methods of establishing frame timing alignment may not be suitable for integrated communication and sensing.
[0004] Another challenge that might be encountered in future wireless communication networks is related to measurement of a time gap duration, for example that may be used during switching between time-divisional duplex (TDD) downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) communications. In current wireless communication networks, a gap between actions may be indicated in terms of symbols, i.e., the granularity is on a per symbol basis. In other words, in current wireless communication networks, the gap between actions may be one or multiple symbols. Alternatively, in future wireless communication networks (e.g., 6G) , a gap between actions may be less than one symbol to reduce air interface overhead. As such, a transmitter and a receiver may communicate with each other after a variable time gap duration.
[0005] Therefore, there may be restrictions when an effort is made to establish that the two types of signals are always timing aligned based on their respective frames, subframes, slots, and / or symbols.SUMMARY
[0006] Aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatuses to overcome the shortcomings described above, as well as specific methods and apparatuses for data transmission that may enable timing alignment between two different carriers and / or between downlink (DL) spectrum and uplink (UL) spectrum. The timing alignment may be carried out in terms of a timing reference point, which may indicate a boundary (e.g., a starting boundary or an ending boundary) of a frame, a sub-frame, a symbol, or a slot. The specific methods and apparatuses described in the present disclosure may resolve issues that may be derived from misalignment between boundaries of frames, sub-frames, symbols, or slots in two different carriers or in DL spectrum and UL spectrum. The specific methods described in the present disclosure may enable apparatuses (e.g., user equipment (UE) , base station (BS) ) to separate configuration of timing reference points for each carrier in cross-carrier scheduling and / or DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling. The methods may enable the apparatuses to achieve timing alignment in cross-carrier scheduling and / or DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling. For example, timing for hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback may be properly determined even when the timing reference point for the DL spectrum and the timing reference point for the UL spectrum are not timing aligned.
[0007] According to an aspect of the disclosure there is provided a method for use by an apparatus for data transmission including receiving configuration information, at a first resource in a first carrier, for transmitting or receiving information in a second resource in a second carrier; determining the second resource in the second carrier for transmitting or receiving the information based on the configuration information and an offset indicative of a timing difference between a timing reference point of the first carrier and a timing reference point of the second carrier; and transmitting or receiving the information on the determined second resource in the second carrier.
[0008] In some embodiments, the method is used for cross carrier scheduling in carrier aggregation, or downlink (DL) spectrum and uplink (UL) spectrum scheduling.
[0009] In some embodiments, the cross carrier scheduling enables the apparatus to determine where on the second carrier the information is transmitted or received when the first carrier is different from the second carrier.
[0010] In some embodiments, the DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling enables the apparatus to determine where on the second carrier the information is transmitted or received when the first carrier is included in the DL spectrum and the second carrier is included in the UL spectrum.
[0011] In some embodiments, the UL spectrum is decoupled from the DL spectrum: when the DL spectrum is in a DL frequency-division duplexing (FDD) band and the UL spectrum is in an unpaired UL FDD band, a paired UL FDD band, or a time-division duplexing (TDD) band; or when the DL spectrum is in a first TDD band and the UL spectrum is in a UL FDD band, the first TDD band, or a second TDD band that is different from the first TDD band.
[0012] In some embodiments, the second resource in the second carrier is determined based further on at least one of an identifier for the first resource, or a number of unit resources in a frame.
[0013] In some embodiments, the identifier for the first resource is an index of a slot on which the configuration information is received in the first carrier.
[0014] In some embodiments, the number of unit resources in the frame is the number of slots in the frame.
[0015] In some embodiments, the receiving the configuration information includes receiving downlink control information (DCI) over a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . The DCI includes the configuration information.
[0016] In some embodiments, the configuration information is included in a time domain resource assignment field of the DCI.
[0017] In some embodiments, the first resource is a slot on which the DCI is received in the first carrier.
[0018] In some embodiments, the transmitting or receiving the information includes a data transmission over a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or a data transmission over a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) .
[0019] In some embodiments, when the configuration information includes timing information for reporting feedback for a data transmission over a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , the transmitting or receiving the information includes transmitting uplink control information (UCI) over a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . The UCI includes the feedback for the data transmission over the PDSCH.
[0020] In some embodiments, the configuration information includes a resource offset used for scheduling of the transmitting or receiving the information.
[0021] In some embodiments, the resource offset indicates a number of slots to shift in the second carrier for the transmitting or receiving the information.
[0022] In some embodiments, at least one of the timing reference point of the first carrier or the timing reference point of the second carrier is configurable.
[0023] In some embodiments, when both of the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier are configurable, configuration of the timing reference point of the first carrier and configuration of the timing reference point of the second carrier are performed independently from each other.
[0024] In some embodiments, the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier are determined before compensating for propagation delay between the apparatus and a device transmitting the configuration information, and both of the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier do not include the propagation delay.
[0025] In some embodiments, the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier are determined after compensating for propagation delay between the apparatus and a device transmitting the configuration information, and both of the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier include the propagation delay.
[0026] In some embodiments, the offset is a timing reference point offset, and the method further includes determining the timing reference point offset based on the timing reference point of the first carrier, the timing reference point of the second carrier, and time length of a unit resource in the second carrier.
[0027] In some embodiments, the unit resource in the second carrier is a slot.
[0028] In some embodiments, when time length of a first slot in the second carrier is different from time length of a second slot in the second carrier, the unit resource in the second carrier is a slot with the shortest slot length in the second carrier.
[0029] In some embodiments, unit resource boundaries of resource structure in the first carrier are misaligned with unit resource boundaries of resource structure in the second carrier, and the determining the offset includes adjusting the offset using a floor function, a ceiling function, or a round function.
[0030] In some embodiments, the offset is adjusted based on time length of a first unit resource that is positioned before all other unit resources in a half subframe, time length of a second unit resource that is different from the first unit resource in the half subframe, and a number of unit resources in the half subframe.
[0031] In some embodiments, the transmitting or receiving the information includes a data transmission over a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , and the offset is adjusted using the floor function.
[0032] In some embodiments, the transmitting or receiving the information includes transmitting UL information over a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , and the offset is adjusted using the ceiling function.
[0033] In some embodiments, the second resource is a slot in the second carrier on which the information is to be transmitted or received, and determining the second resource includes determining an index of the slot in the second carrier.
[0034] According to an aspect of the disclosure there is provided an apparatus for data transmission including a processor and a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium has stored thereon computer executable instructions that when executed cause the processor to perform a method consistent with the embodiment described above.
[0035] According to an aspect of the disclosure there is provided a method for use by an apparatus for supporting data transmission including: transmitting configuration information, at a first resource in a first carrier, for transmitting or receiving information in a second resource in a second carrier; wherein the configuration information and an offset indicative of a timing difference between a timing reference point of the first carrier and a timing reference point of the second carrier are used to determine the second resource in the second carrier used for transmitting or receiving the information.
[0036] In some embodiments, the method is used for cross carrier scheduling in carrier aggregation, or downlink (DL) spectrum and uplink (UL) spectrum scheduling.
[0037] In some embodiments, when the method is used for the cross carrier scheduling, the method further includes determining the configuration information to be used for scheduling of the transmitting or receiving the information when the first carrier is different from the second carrier.
[0038] In some embodiments, when the method is used for the DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling, the method further includes determining the configuration information to be used for scheduling of the transmitting or receiving the information when the first carrier is included in the DL spectrum and the second carrier is included in the UL spectrum.
[0039] In some embodiments, the UL spectrum is decoupled from the DL spectrum: when the DL spectrum is in a DL frequency-division duplexing (FDD) band and the UL spectrum is in an unpaired UL FDD band, a paired UL FDD band, or a time-division duplexing (TDD) band; or when the DL spectrum is in a first TDD band and the UL spectrum is in a UL FDD band, the first TDD band, or a second TDD band that is different from the first TDD band.
[0040] In some embodiments, at least one of an identifier for the first resource at which the configuration information is transmitted, or a number of unit resources in a frame is further used to determine the second resource in the second carrier used for transmitting or receiving the information.
[0041] In some embodiments, the identifier for the first resource is an index of a slot on which the configuration information is transmitted in the first carrier.
[0042] In some embodiments, the number of unit resources in the frame is the number of slots in the frame.
[0043] In some embodiments, the transmitting the configuration information includes transmitting downlink control information (DCI) over a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . The DCI includes the configuration information.
[0044] In some embodiments, the configuration information is included in a time domain resource assignment field of the DCI.
[0045] In some embodiments, the first resource is a slot on which the DCI is transmitted in the first carrier.
[0046] In some embodiments, the transmitting or receiving the information includes a data transmission over a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or a data transmission over a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) .
[0047] In some embodiments, when the configuration information includes a timing information for reporting feedback for a data transmission over a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , the transmitting or receiving the information includes receiving uplink control information (UCI) over a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . The UCI includes the feedback for the data transmission over the PDSCH.
[0048] In some embodiments, the configuration information includes a resource offset used for scheduling of the transmitting or receiving the information.
[0049] In some embodiments, the resource offset indicates a number of slots to shift in the second carrier for the transmitting or receiving the information.
[0050] In some embodiments, at least one of the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier are configurable.
[0051] In some embodiments, when both of the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier are configurable, configuration of the timing reference point of the first carrier and configuration of the timing reference point of the second carrier are performed independently from each other.
[0052] In some embodiments, the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier are determined before compensating for propagation delay between the apparatus and a device receiving the configuration information, and both of the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier do not include the propagation delay.
[0053] In some embodiments, the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier are determined after compensating for propagation delay between the apparatus and a device receiving the configuration information, and both of the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier include the propagation delay.
[0054] In some embodiments, the offset is a timing reference point offset, and the timing reference point offset is determined based on the timing reference point of the first carrier, the timing reference point of the second carrier, and time length of a unit resource in the second carrier.
[0055] In some embodiments, the unit resource in the second carrier is a slot.
[0056] In some embodiments, when time length of a first slot in the second carrier is different from time length of a second slot in the second carrier, the unit resource in the second carrier is a slot with the shortest slot length in the second carrier.
[0057] In some embodiments, unit resource boundaries of resource structure in the first carrier are misaligned with unit resource boundaries of resource structure in the second carrier. When the offset is determined, the timing reference point offset is adjusted using a floor function, a ceiling function, or a round function.
[0058] In some embodiments, the offset is adjusted based on time length of a first unit resource that is positioned before all other unit resources in a half subframe, time length of a second unit resource that is different from the first unit resource in the half subframe, and a number of unit resources in the half subframe.
[0059] In some embodiments, the transmitting or receiving the information includes a data transmission over a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , and the offset is adjusted using the floor function.
[0060] In some embodiments, the transmitting or receiving the information includes receiving UL information over a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , and the offset is adjusted using the ceiling function.
[0061] In some embodiments, the second resource is a slot in the second carrier on which the information is to be transmitted or received. When the second resource is determined, an index of the slot in the second carrier is determined.
[0062] According to an aspect of the disclosure there is provided an apparatus for data transmission including a processor and a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium has stored thereon computer executable instructions that when executed cause the processor to perform a method consistent with the embodiment described above.
[0063] According to an aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, wherein the computer readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, enable the apparatus to perform a method as described above.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0064] For a more complete understanding of the present embodiments, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made, by way of example, to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0065] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur.
[0066] FIG. 2 is another schematic diagram of a communication system in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur.
[0067] FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating units or modules in a device in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur.
[0068] FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating units or modules in a device in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur.
[0069] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a plurality of frames that may include signals to be transmitted by a base station (BS) and received by a user equipment (UE) in context with a timing reference point defined in relative terms, in accordance with aspects of the present application.
[0070] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a plurality of frames that may include signals be transmitted by a BS and received by a UE in context with a timing reference point defined in absolute terms, in accordance with aspects of the present application.
[0071] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a potential issue that may arise when performing cross carrier scheduling in carrier aggregation.
[0072] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a potential issue that may arise when performing DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling.
[0073] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of updating a frame structure according to a timing reference point, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0074] FIG. 10 is a timing diagram for illustrating examples of determining a resource allocated for transmitting or receiving information using cross carrier scheduling where frame boundaries are timing aligned between different carriers, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0075] FIG. 11 is a timing diagram for illustrating an example of determining a resource allocated for transmitting or receiving information using DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling where frame boundaries are timing aligned between a DL spectrum and a UL spectrum, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0076] FIGs. 12 and 13 are timing diagrams for illustrating examples of determining a resource allocated for transmitting or receiving information using cross carrier scheduling where frame boundaries are not timing aligned between different carriers, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0077] FIG. 14 illustrates a signal flow diagram for signalling between a BS and a UE illustrating an example process for data transmission, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0078] For illustrative purposes, specific example embodiments will now be explained in greater detail below in conjunction with the figures.
[0079] The embodiments set forth herein represent information sufficient to practice the claimed subject matter and illustrate ways of practicing such subject matter. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying figures, those of skill in the art will understand the concepts of the claimed subject matter and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims.
[0080] Moreover, it will be appreciated that any module, component, or device disclosed herein that executes instructions may include or otherwise have access to a non-transitory computer / processor readable storage medium or media for storage of information, such as computer / processor readable instructions, data structures, program modules, and / or other data. A non-exhaustive list of examples of non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media includes magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, optical disks such as compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , digital video discs or digital versatile discs (i.e. DVDs) , Blu-ray DiscTM, or other optical storage, volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology, random-access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory or other memory technology. Any such non-transitory computer / processor storage media may be part of a device or accessible or connectable thereto. Computer / processor readable / executable instructions to implement an application or module described herein may be stored or otherwise held by such non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media.
[0081] Aspects of the present disclosure may provide methods and apparatuses for data transmission that may be used for cross carrier scheduling in carrier aggregation and / or downlink (DL) spectrum and uplink (UL) spectrum scheduling. The specific methods and apparatuses described in the present disclosure may resolve issues that may occur as a result of misalignment between boundaries of frames, sub-frames, symbols, or slots in two different carriers or in DL spectrum and UL spectrum. According to some embodiments, an apparatus may receive configuration information, at a first resource in a first carrier, for transmitting or receiving information in a second resource in a second carrier. The configuration information may include at least one of a resource offset (e.g., slot offset) used for scheduling of a data transmission over a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , or timing information for reporting feedback for the PDSCH transmission (e.g., timing information for hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) feedback) . The apparatus may determine the second resource in the second carrier based on the configuration information and an offset indicative of a timing difference between a timing reference point of the first carrier and a timing reference point of the second carrier. When the second resource in the second carrier is determined, the apparatus may transmit or receive the information on the determined second resource in the second carrier.
[0082] FIGs. 1, 2, and 3 following below provide context for the network and device that may be in the network and that may implement aspects of the present disclosure.
[0083] Referring to FIG. 1, as an illustrative example without limitation, a simplified schematic illustration of a communication system is provided. The communication system 100 comprises a radio access network 120. The radio access network 120 may be a next generation (e.g. sixth generation (6G) or later) radio access network, or a legacy (e.g. 5G, 4G, 3G or 2G) radio access network. One or more communication electric device (ED) 110a-120j (generically referred to as 110) may be interconnected to one another, and may also or instead be connected to one or more network nodes (170a, 170b, generically referred to as 170) in the radio access network 120. A core network 130 may be a part of the communication system and may be dependent or independent of the radio access technology used in the communication system 100. Also the communication system 100 comprises a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160.
[0084] FIG. 2 illustrates an example communication system 100 in which embodiments of the present disclosure could be implemented. In general, the system 100 enables multiple wireless or wired elements to communicate data and other content. The purpose of the system 100 may be to provide content (voice, data, video, text) via broadcast, narrowcast, user device to user device, etc. The system 100 may operate efficiently by sharing resources such as bandwidth.
[0085] In this example, the communication system 100 includes electronic devices (ED) 110a-110c, radio access networks (RANs) 120a-120b, a core network 130, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. While certain numbers of these components or elements are shown in FIG. 2, any reasonable number of these components or elements may be included in the system 100.
[0086] The EDs 110a-110c are configured to operate, communicate, or both, in the system 100. For example, the EDs 110a-110c are configured to transmit, receive, or both via wireless communication channels. Each ED 110a-110c represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to) as a user equipment / device (UE) , wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , mobile station, mobile subscriber unit, cellular telephone, station (STA) , machine type communication device (MTC) , personal digital assistant (PDA) , smartphone, laptop, computer, touchpad, wireless sensor, or consumer electronics device.
[0087] FIG. 2 illustrates an example communication system 100 in which embodiments of the present disclosure could be implemented. In general, the communication system 100 enables multiple wireless or wired elements to communicate data and other content. The purpose of the communication system 100 may be to provide content (voice, data, video, text) via broadcast, multicast, unicast, user device to user device, etc. The communication system 100 may operate by sharing resources such as bandwidth.
[0088] In this example, the communication system 100 includes electronic devices (ED) 110a-110d, radio access networks (RANs) 120a-120c, a core network 130, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160. Although certain numbers of these components or elements are shown in FIG. 2, any reasonable number of these components or elements may be included in the communication system 100.
[0089] The EDs 110a-110d are configured to operate, communicate, or both, in the communication system 100. For example, the EDs 110a-110d are configured to transmit, receive, or both, via wireless or wired communication channels. Each ED 110a-110d represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to) as a user equipment / device (UE) , wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , mobile station, fixed or mobile subscriber unit, cellular telephone, station (STA) , machine type communication (MTC) device, personal digital assistant (PDA) , smartphone, laptop, computer, tablet, wireless sensor, or consumer electronics device.
[0090] In FIG. 2, the RANs 120a-120b include base stations 170a-170b, respectively. Each base station 170a-170b is configured to wirelessly interface with one or more of the EDs 110a-110c to enable access to any other base station 170a-170b, the core network 130, the PSTN 140, the internet 150, and / or the other networks 160. For example, the base stations 170a-170b may include (or be) one or more of several well-known devices, such as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a Node-B (NodeB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB) , a Home eNodeB, a gNodeB, a transmission and receive point (TRP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , or a wireless router.
[0091] In some examples, one or more of the base stations 170a-170b may be a terrestrial base station that is attached to the ground. For example, a terrestrial base station could be mounted on a building or tower. Alternatively, one or more of the base stations 172 may be a non-terrestrial base station, or non-terrestrial TRP (NT-TRP) , that is not attached to the ground. A flying base station is an example of the non-terrestrial base station. A flying base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. Non-limiting examples of flying devices include airborne platforms (such as a blimp or an airship, for example) , balloons, quadcopters and other aerial vehicles. In some implementations, a flying base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone or a quadcopter. A flying base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station.
[0092] Any ED 110a-110d may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any other base station 170a-170b, the internet 150, the core network 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination of the preceding.
[0093] The EDs 110a-110d and base stations 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment that can be configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or embodiments described herein. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the base station 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other base stations, base station controller (s) (BSC) , radio network controller (s) (RNC) , relay nodes, elements, and / or devices. Any base station 170a, 170b may be a single element, as shown, or multiple elements, distributed in the corresponding RAN, or otherwise. Also, the base station 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other base stations, elements, and / or devices. Each base station 170a-170b transmits and / or receives wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or “coverage area” . A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ multiple transceivers to provide service to multiple sectors. In some embodiments, there may be established pico or femto cells where the radio access technology supports such. In some embodiments, multiple transceivers could be used for each cell, for example using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The number of RAN 120a-120b shown is exemplary only. Any number of RAN may be contemplated when devising the communication system 100.
[0094] The base stations 170a-170b, 172 communicate with one or more of the EDs 110a-110c over one or more air interfaces 190a, 190c using wireless communication links e.g. radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. The air interfaces 190a, 190c may utilize any suitable radio access technology. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more orthogonal or non-orthogonal channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) in the air interfaces 190a, 190c.
[0095] A base station 170a-170b, 172 may implement Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) to establish an air interface 190a, 190c using wideband CDMA (WCDMA) . In doing so, the base station 170a-170b. 172 may implement protocols such as High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Evolved HPSA (HSPA+) optionally including High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) , High Speed Packet Uplink Access (HSPUA) or both. Alternatively, a base station 170a-170b, 172 may establish an air interface 190a, 190c with Evolved UTMS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) using LTE, LTE-A, and / or LTE-B. It is contemplated that the communication system 100 may use multiple channel access operation, including such schemes as described above. Other radio technologies for implementing air interfaces include IEEE 802.11, 802.15, 802.16, CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, IS-2000, IS-95, IS-856, GSM, EDGE, and GERAN. Of course, other multiple access schemes and wireless protocols may be utilized.
[0096] The RANs 120a-120b are in communication with the core network 130 to provide the EDs 110a-110c with various services such as voice, data, and other services. The RANs 120a-120b and / or the core network 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by core network 130, and may or may not employ the same radio access technology as RAN 120a, RAN 120b or both. The core network 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a-120b or EDs 110a-110c or both, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the internet 150, and the other networks 160) .
[0097] The EDs 110a-110d communicate with one another over one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b, 190d using wireless communication links e.g. radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. The SL air interfaces 190b, 190d may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110c communication with one or more of the base stations 170a-170b, or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) in the SL air interfaces 190b, 190d. In some embodiments, the SL air interfaces 180 may be, at least in part, implemented over unlicensed spectrum.
[0098] In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a-110d may include operation for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs may communicate via wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and to the internet 150. PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a-110d may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and incorporate multiple transceivers necessary to support multiple radio access technologies.
[0099] In some embodiments, the signal is transmitted from a terrestrial BS to the UE or transmitted from the UE directly to the terrestrial BS and in both cases the signal is not reflected by a RIS. However, the signal may be reflected by the obstacles and reflectors such as buildings, walls and furniture. In some embodiments, the signal is communicated between the UE and a non-terrestrial BS such as a satellite, a drone and a high altitude platform. In some embodiments, the signal is communicated between a relay and a UE or a relay and a BS or between two relays. In some embodiments, the signal is transmitted between two UEs. In some embodiments, one or multiple RIS are utilized to reflect the signal from a transmitter and a receiver, where any of the transmitter and receiver includes UEs, terrestrial or non-terrestrial BS, and relays.
[0100] FIG. 3 illustrates another example of an ED 110 and network devices, including a base station 170a, 170b (at 170) and an NT-TRP 172. The ED 110 is used to connect persons, objects, machines, etc. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , machine-type communications (MTC) , internet of things (IOT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0101] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to) as a user equipment / device (UE) , a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a machine type communication (MTC) device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, an industrial device, or apparatus (e.g. communication module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to using other terms. The base station 170a and 170b is a T-TRP and will hereafter be referred to as T-TRP 170. Also shown in FIG. 3, a NT-TRP will hereafter be referred to as NT-TRP 172. Each ED 110 connected to T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0102] The ED 110 includes a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. Only one antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated, e.g. as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna 204 or network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals.
[0103] The ED 110 includes at least one memory 208. The memory 208 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the ED 110. For example, the memory 208 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the processing unit (s) 210. Each memory 208 includes any suitable volatile and / or non-volatile storage and retrieval device (s) . Any suitable type of memory may be used, such as random access memory (RAM) , read only memory (ROM) , hard disk, optical disc, subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital (SD) memory card, on-processor cache, and the like.
[0104] The ED 110 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces (such as a wired interface to the internet 150 in FIGs. 1 or 2) . The input / output devices permit interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device includes any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user, such as a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, or touch screen, including network interface communications.
[0105] The ED 110 further includes a processor 210 for performing operations including those related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission to the NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170, those related to processing downlink transmissions received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170, and those related to processing sidelink transmission to and from another ED 110. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing downlink transmissions may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Depending upon the embodiment, a downlink transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the downlink transmission (e.g. by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, e.g. beam angle information (BAI) , received from T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 210 may perform operations relating to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as operations relating to detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, e.g. using a reference signal received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170.
[0106] Although not illustrated, the processor 210 may form part of the transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203. Although not illustrated, the memory 208 may form part of the processor 210.
[0107] The processor 210, and the processing components of the transmitter 201 and receiver 203 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (e.g. in memory 208) . Alternatively, some or all of the processor 210, and the processing components of the transmitter 201 and receiver 203 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed field-programmable gate array (FPGA) , a graphical processing unit (GPU) , or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) .
[0108] The T-TRP 170 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a base station, a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , or a wireless router, a relay station, a remote radio head, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, or a terrestrial base station, base band unit (BBU) , remote radio unit (RRU) , active antenna unit (AAU) , remote radio head (RRH) , central unit (CU) , distributed unit (DU) , positioning node, among other possibilities. The T-TRP 170 may be macro BSs, pico BSs, relay node, donor node, or the like, or combinations thereof. The T-TRP 170 may refer to the forging devices, or to apparatus (e.g. communication module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices. While the figures and accompanying description of example and embodiments of the disclosure generally use the terms AP, BS, and AP or BS, it is to be understood that such device could be any of the types described above.
[0109] In some embodiments, the parts of the T-TRP 170 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the T-TRP 170 may be located remote from the equipment housing the antennas of the T-TRP 170, and may be coupled to the equipment housing the antennas over a communication link (not shown) sometimes known as front haul, such as common public radio interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some embodiments, the term T-TRP 170 may also refer to modules on the network side that perform processing operations, such as determining the location of the ED 110, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that are not necessarily part of the equipment housing the antennas of the T-TRP 170. The modules may also be coupled to other T-TRPs. In some embodiments, the T-TRP 170 may actually be a plurality of T-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, e.g. through coordinated multipoint transmissions.
[0110] The T-TRP 170 includes at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only one antenna 256 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated as a transceiver. The T-TRP 170 further includes a processor 260 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110, processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to NT-TRP 172, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the NT-TRP 172. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g. multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, and demodulating and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also perform operations relating to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 also generates the indication of beam direction, e.g. BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by scheduler 253. The processor 260 performs other network-side processing operations described herein, such as determining the location of the ED 110, determining where to deploy NT-TRP 172, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 may generate signaling, e.g. to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110 and / or one or more parameters of the NT-TRP 172. Any signaling generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. Note that “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be called control signaling. Dynamic signaling may be transmitted in a control channel, e.g. a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , and static or semi-static higher layer signaling may be included in a packet transmitted in a data channel, e.g. in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) .
[0111] A scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260. The scheduler 253 may be included within or operated separately from the T-TRP 170, which may schedule uplink, downlink, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free ( “configured grant” ) resources. The T-TRP 170 further includes a memory 258 for storing information and data. The memory 258 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the T-TRP 170. For example, the memory 258 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the processor 260.
[0112] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may form part of the transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254. Also, although not illustrated, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253. Although not illustrated, the memory 258 may form part of the processor 260.
[0113] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, and the processing components of the transmitter 252 and receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g. in memory 258. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 260, the scheduler 253, and the processing components of the transmitter 252 and receiver 254 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC.
[0114] Although the NT-TRP 172 is illustrated as a drone only as an example, the NT-TRP 172 may be implemented in any suitable non-terrestrial form. Also, the NT-TRP 172 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, or a non-terrestrial base station. The NT-TRP 172 includes a transmitter 272 and a receiver 274 coupled to one or more antennas 280. Only one antenna 280 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 272 and the receiver 274 may be integrated as a transceiver. The NT-TRP 172 further includes a processor 276 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110, processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to T-TRP 170, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the T-TRP 170. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g. MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, and demodulating and decoding received symbols. In some embodiments, the processor 276 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (e.g. BAI) received from T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 276 may generate signaling, e.g. to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 implements physical layer processing, but does not implement higher layer functions such as functions at the medium access control (MAC) or radio link control (RLC) layer. As this is only an example, more generally, the NT-TRP 172 may implement higher layer functions in addition to physical layer processing.
[0115] The NT-TRP 172 further includes a memory 278 for storing information and data. Although not illustrated, the processor 276 may form part of the transmitter 272 and / or receiver 274. Although not illustrated, the memory 278 may form part of the processor 276.
[0116] The processor 276 and the processing components of the transmitter 272 and receiver 274 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g. in memory 278. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 276 and the processing components of the transmitter 272 and receiver 274 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 may actually be a plurality of NT-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, e.g. through coordinated multipoint transmissions.
[0117] The T-TRP 170, the NT-TRP 172, and / or the ED 110 may include other components, but these have been omitted for the sake of clarity.
[0118] One or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules, according to FIG. 3. FIG. 3 illustrates units or modules in a device, such as in ED 110, in T-TRP 170, or in NT-TRP 172. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. A signal may be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. A signal may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. Other steps may be performed by an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) module. The respective units or modules may be implemented using hardware, one or more components or devices that execute software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units or modules may be an integrated circuit, such as a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. It will be appreciated that where the modules are implemented using software for execution by a processor for example, they may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.
[0119] Additional details regarding the EDs 110, T-TRP 170, and NT-TRP 172 are known to those of skill in the art. As such, these details are omitted here.
[0120] One or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules, according to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 illustrates units or modules in a device, such as in ED 110, in T-TRP 170, or in NT-TRP 172. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. A signal may be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. A signal may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. Other steps may be performed by an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) module. The respective units or modules may be implemented using hardware, one or more components or devices that execute software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units or modules may be an integrated circuit, such as a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. It will be appreciated that where the modules are implemented using software for execution by a processor for example, they may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.
[0121] Additional details regarding the EDs 110, T-TRP 170, and NT-TRP 172 are known to those of skill in the art. As such, these details are omitted here.
[0122] For future wireless networks, a number of the new devices could increase exponentially with diverse functionalities. Also, many new applications and new use cases in future wireless networks than existing in 5G may emerge with more diverse quality of service demands. These will result in new key performance indications (KPIs) for the future wireless network (for an example, 6G network) that can be extremely challenging, so the sensing technologies, and AI technologies, especially ML (deep learning) technologies, had been introduced to telecommunication for improving the system performance and efficiency.
[0123] AI / ML technologies applied communication including AI / ML communication in Physical layer and AI / ML communication in media access control (MAC) layer. For physical layer, the AI / ML communication may be useful to optimize the components design and improve the algorithm performance, like AI / ML on channel coding, channel modelling, channel estimation, channel decoding, modulation, demodulation, MIMO, waveform, multiple access, PHY element parameter optimization and update, beam forming &tracking and sensing &positioning, etc. For MAC layer, AI / ML communication may utilize the AI / ML capability with learning, prediction and make decisions to solve the complicated optimization problems with better strategy and optimal solution, for example to optimize the functionality in MAC, e.g. intelligent TRP management, intelligent beam management, intelligent channel resource allocation, intelligent power control, intelligent spectrum utilization, intelligent modulation and coding scheme (MCS) , intelligent hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) strategy, intelligent transmit / receive (Tx / Rx) mode adaption, etc.
[0124] AI / ML architectures usually involve multiple nodes, which can be organized in two modes, i.e., centralized and distributed, both of which can be deployed in access network, core network, or an edge computing system or third-party network. The centralized training and computing architecture is restricted by huge communication overhead and strict user data privacy. Distributed training and computing architecture comprise several frameworks, e.g., distributed machine learning and federated learning. AI / ML architectures comprises intelligent controller which can perform as single agent or multi-agent, based on joint optimization or individual optimization. New protocol and signaling mechanism is needed so that the corresponding interface link can be personalized with customized parameters to meet particular requirements while minimizing signaling overhead and maximizing the whole system spectrum efficiency by personalized AI technologies.
[0125] Further terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks can enable a new range of services and applications such as earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation, and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility. Terrestrial networks based sensing and non-terrestrial networks based sensing could provide intelligent context-aware networks to enhance the UE experience. For example, terrestrial networks based sensing and non-terrestrial networks based sensing may involve opportunities for localization and sensing applications based on a new set of features and service capabilities. Applications such as THz imaging and spectroscopy have the potential to provide continuous, real-time physiological information via dynamic, non-invasive, contactless measurements for future digital health technologies. Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) methods will not only enable advanced cross reality (XR) applications but also enhance the navigation of autonomous objects such as vehicles and drones. Further in terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks, the measured channel data and sensing and positioning data can be obtained by the large bandwidth, new spectrum, dense network and more light-of-sight (LOS) links. Based on these data, a radio environmental map can be drawn through AI / ML methods, where channel information is linked to its corresponding positioning or environmental information to provide an enhanced physical layer design based on this map.
[0126] Sensing coordinators are nodes in a network that can assist in the sensing operation. These nodes can be standalone nodes dedicated to just sensing operations or other nodes (for example TRP 170, ED 110, or core network node) doing the sensing operations in parallel with communication transmissions. A new protocol and signaling mechanism is needed so that the corresponding interface link can be performed with customized parameters to meet particular requirements while minimizing signaling overhead and maximizing the whole system spectrum efficiency.
[0127] AI / ML and sensing methods are data intensive. In order to involve AI / ML and sensing in wireless communications, more and more data are needed to be collected, stored, and exchanged. The characteristics of wireless data expand quite large ranges in multiple dimensions, e.g., from sub-6 GHz, millimeter to Terahertz carrier frequency, from space, outdoor to indoor scenario, and from text, voice to video. These data collecting, processing and usage operations are performed in a unified framework or a different framework.
[0128] Control information is referenced in some embodiments herein. Control information may sometimes instead be referred to as control signaling, or signaling. In some cases, control information may be dynamically communicated, e.g. in the physical layer in a control channel, such as in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) or physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . An example of control information that is dynamically indicated is information sent in physical layer control signaling, e.g., uplink control information (UCI) sent in a PUCCH or PUSCH or downlink control information (DCI) sent in a PDCCH. A dynamic indication may be an indication in a lower layer, e.g., physical layer / layer 1 signaling, rather than in a higher-layer (e.g. rather than in RRC signaling or in a MAC CE) . A semi-static indication may be an indication in semi-static signaling. Semi-static signaling, as used herein, may refer to signaling that is not dynamic, e.g. higher-layer signaling (such as RRC signaling) , and / or a MAC CE. Dynamic signaling, as used herein, may refer to signaling that is dynamic, e.g., physical layer control signaling sent in the physical layer, such as DCI sent in a PDCCH or UCI sent in a PUCCH or PUSCH.
[0129] In current networks, frame timing and synchronization may be established based on synchronization signals, such as a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) . Notably, known frame timing and synchronization strategies involve adding a timestamp, e.g., (xx0: yy0: zz) , to a frame boundary, where xx0, yy0, zz in the timestamp may represent a time format such as hour, minute, and second, respectively.
[0130] It is anticipated that diverse applications and use cases in future networks, such as 6G networks, may involve usage of different periods of frames, slots and symbols to satisfy different requirements, functionalities, and quality of service (QoS) types. It follows that usage of different periods of frames to satisfy the different requirements, functionalities, and QoS types may present challenges for frame timing alignment for various frame structures. One example might be frame timing alignment for a time-divisional duplex (TDD) configuration in neighboring carrier frequency bands or among sub-bands (or bandwidth parts) of one channel or carrier bandwidth.
[0131] The timing alignment or frame timing alignment may be carried out in terms of use of a timing reference point indicative of a boundary (e.g., a starting boundary or an ending boundary) of a frame, a sub-frame, a symbol, or a slot. It should be noted that the timing alignment or frame timing alignment in the present disclosure is more general, not limited to the cases where a timing alignment or frame timing alignment is carried out in connection with a frame boundary only. Also, in the present disclosure, relative timing to a frame or frame boundary should be interpreted in a more general sense, e.g., the frame boundary means a timing point (e.g., starting or ending boundary) of a frame, or a timing point (e.g., starting or ending boundary) of a frame element, such as a symbol, a slot or a subframe, within the frame. In the present disclosure, the expressions “ (frame) timing alignment” , “timing realignment” and “relative timing to a frame boundary” are used in a more general sense as described above.
[0132] According to some aspects of the present disclosure, a timing reference point may be used to align or re-align boundaries of frames of a terminal side apparatus (e.g., user equipment (UE) ) with boundaries of frames of a network side apparatus (e.g., base station (BS) ) for transmissions within the same cell / carrier or transmissions across neighboring carrier frequency bands.
[0133] According to some aspects of the present disclosure, a timing reference point may be used to align or re-align boundaries of frames of a first terminal side apparatus (e.g., user equipment (UE) ) with boundaries of frames of a second terminal side apparatus (e.g., another UE) for transmissions within the same cell / carrier.
[0134] In some aspects of the present disclosure, a network side apparatus (e.g., BS) associated with a cell may transmit, to a terminal side apparatus (e.g., user equipment (UE) ) , a timing alignment indication message that may configure or provide a timing reference point. The timing reference point may be indicative of a boundary of a frame structure and be used by the terminal side apparatus (e.g., UE) in a given cell, when performing a timing alignment or timing realignment. The timing alignment indication message may include a relative timing indication, Δt, to a boundary of a frame structure. The relative timing indication, Δt, may express the timing reference point as occurring at a particular duration, i.e., Δt, subsequent to a boundary of a given frame.
[0135] The timing alignment indication message may also include a system frame number (SFN) for the given frame. The SFN may be also referred to as SFN index. The SFN may be a value in a range from 0 to 1023, inclusive. When the SFN is a number within this range, 10 bits may be used to represent the SFN. In a particular implementation, when an SFN is carried by a synchronization signal block (SSB) , six of the 10 bits for the SFN may be carried in a Master Information Block (MIB) and the remaining four bits of the 10 bits of the SFN may be carried in a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) payload.
[0136] Optionally, the timing alignment indication message may also include other parameters, such as a minimum time offset. The minimum time offset may establish a minimum duration of time preceding the timing reference point. The terminal side apparatus (e.g., UE) may rely upon the minimum time offset as an indication that downlink (DL) signaling, including the timing alignment indication message, may allow the terminal side apparatus enough time for detecting the timing alignment indication message, to obtain the timing reference point.
[0137] Various aspects of the present disclosure are illustrated in the context of a UE and a BS. However, it should be noted that the UE and BS in the present disclosure are not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. The UE and BS are instead used in a more general sense, such that a UE refers to any applicable terminal side apparatus operating in accordance with various aspects described in the present disclosure or a terminal device comprising such apparatus and a BS refers to any applicable network side apparatus operating in accordance with various aspects described in the present disclosure or a network device comprising such apparatus.
[0138] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a plurality of frames that may include one or more signals to be transmitted by a base station (BS) and received by a user equipment (UE) in context with a timing reference point defined in relative terms, in accordance with aspects of the present application. Frame structure 510 may be a reference frame structure. The frame structure 510 may include reference frames 510-1, 510-2, …, 510-N, 510-N+1. The reference frame 510-N is illustrated, in FIG. 5, as having a frame boundary timestamp, xx0: yy0: zz, indicative of the time at which a starting boundary of the reference frame 510-N is located. In other words, the starting boundary of the frame 510-N is time stamped at xx0: yy0: zz, as shown in FIG. 5. The timestamp format (xx0: yy0: zz) may indicate, for example as (xx0) hour, (yy0) minute and (zz) second, respectively. While not explicitly described in FIG. 5, in some embodiments, the starting boundary of the frame 510-N may be time stamped at xx0: yy0: zz: aa: bb: cc, where the timestamp format (xx0: yy0: zz: aa: bb: cc) may indicate, for example as (xx0) hour, (yy0) minute, (zz) second, (aa) milliseconds, (bb) microseconds, and (cc) nanoseconds, respectively. However, in some embodiments, the time stamp may be (xx0: yy0: zz: aa) or (xx0: yy0: zz: aa: bb) , depending on the granularity of the time stamp. Frame structure 520 may include a first plurality of frames 520-1, 520-2, 520-3, 520-4, …, 520-M. Frame structure 530 may include a second plurality of frames 530-1, 530-2, 530-3, 530-4, 530-5, 530-6, …, 530-L. A timing reference point 550 may be received from a BS or a different UE or obtained based on certain information received from a BS or a different UE that may be indicative of the timing reference point 550.
[0139] Still referring to FIG. 5, one or more signals in the first plurality of frames 520-1, 520-2, 520-3, 520-4, …, 520-M may be transmitted or received at a first bandwidth part (BWP) 525, and one or more signals in the second plurality of frames 530-1, 530-2, 530-3, 530-4, 530-5, 530-6, …, 530-L may be transmitted or received at a second BWP 535. It may further be the case that the signals in the first BWP 525 and the second BWP 535 are transmitted or received in two sub-bands within one carrier frequency band or in two sub-bands in adjacent carrier frequency bands.
[0140] The timing alignment indication message may be transmitted from a BS via a DL signaling. The DL signaling may be implemented as cell specific signaling (e.g., group-common signaling, paging signaling, broadcast signaling) or as UE specific signaling (e.g., paging signaling, unicast signaling, modified downlink control information (DCI) signaling, media access control-control element (MAC-CE) signaling, or radio resource control (RRC) signaling) .
[0141] The UE may monitor the DL signaling to detect the timing alignment indication message. As described above, the DL signaling may be implemented as cell specific signaling or as UE specific signaling. The DL signaling may be associated with the configuration of a timing reference point indicative of a boundary of a frame structure. After receiving the timing alignment indication message, the UE may adjust its frame boundary to be timing aligned with the timing reference point 550, as shown in FIG. 5. The timing reference point 550 may be defined in terms of a relative timing indication, Δt with respect to a timestamp, xx0: yy0: zz. The relative timing indication Δt may be defined in a unit of time, e.g., milliseconds or microseconds or nanoseconds, and anchored to the starting boundary of the frame 510-N. As noted above, the starting boundary of the frame 510-N may be time stamped at xx0: yy0: zz, xx0: yy0: zz: aa, xx0: yy0: zz: aa: bb, or xx0: yy0: zz: aa: bb: cc. Therefore, the new frame boundary at the timing reference point 550 may be understood to be time stamped with a value equivalent to xx0: yy0: zz + Δt or one of the variations described above + Δt.
[0142] The UE may receive the timing alignment indication message at a time offset, Toffset. The time offset, Toffset, may be a delay (e.g., propagation delay) before configuring or obtaining the timing reference point. The delay may comprise a propagation delay between the BS and the UE. The time offset, Toffset, may be configured by RRC signaling. The time offset, Toffset, may be also included in the timing alignment indication message.
[0143] Once the timing reference point 550 is obtained, the frames in the first BWP 525 and the second BWP 535 may be aligned with the timing reference point 550. Specifically, for example, a starting boundary of the frame 520-M and a starting boundary of the frame 530-L are aligned with the timing reference point 550, respectively, as shown in FIG. 5.
[0144] Upon configuring the timing reference point 550 for the first BWP 525 and the second BWP 535, the UE may start transmitting or receiving information in a frame 520-M in the BWP 525, the transmitting or receiving starting from the timing reference point 550. Additionally, upon configuring the timing reference point 550, the UE may start transmitting or receiving information in a frame 530-L in the BWP 535, the transmitting or receiving starting from the timing reference point 550. In some embodiments, the second BWP 535 may be used by a different UE to start transmitting or receiving information in a frame 530-L.
[0145] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a plurality of frames that may include one or more signals to be transmitted by a base station (BS) and received by a user equipment (UE) in context with a timing reference point defined in absolute terms, in accordance with aspects of the present application. Frame structure 610 may be a reference frame structure. The plurality of frames in the reference frame structure 610 may include reference frames 610-1, 610-2, …, 610-N, 610-N+1. The reference frame 610-N is illustrated, in FIG. 6, having a frame boundary timestamp, xx0: yy0: zz, xx0: yy0: zz: aa: bb: cc or other as described above, indicative of the time at which a starting boundary of the reference frame 610-N is located. Frame structure 620 may include a first plurality of frames 620-1, 620-2, 620-3, 620-4, …, 620-M. Frame structure 630 may include a second plurality of frames 630-1, 630-2, 630-3, 630-4, 630-5, 630-6, …, 630-L. A timing reference point 650 may be received from a BS or a different UE or obtained based on certain information received from a BS or a different UE that may be indicative of the timing reference point 650.
[0146] Still referring to FIG. 6, one or more signals in the first plurality of frames 620-1, 620-2, 620-3, 620-4, …, 620-M may be transmitted or received at a first bandwidth part (BWP) 625, and one or more signals in the second plurality of frames 630-1, 630-2, 630-3, 630-4, 630-5, 630-6, …, 630-L may be transmitted or received at a second BWP 635. It may further be the case that the signals in the first BWP 625 and the second BWP 635 are transmitted or received in two sub-bands within one carrier frequency band or in two sub-bands in adjacent carrier frequency bands.
[0147] The timing alignment indication message may be transmitted from a BS via a DL signaling. The DL signaling may be implemented as cell-specific signaling (e.g., group-common signaling, paging signaling, broadcast signaling) or as UE specific signaling (e.g., paging signaling, unicast signaling, modified downlink control information (DCI) signaling, media access control-control element (MAC-CE) signaling, or radio resource control (RRC) signaling) .
[0148] The UE may monitor the DL signaling to detect the timing alignment indication message. As described above, the DL signaling may be implemented as cell-specific signaling or as UE specific signaling. The DL signaling may be associated with the configuration of a timing reference point indicative of a boundary of a frame structure. After receiving the timing alignment indication message, the UE may adjust its existing frame boundary to be timing aligned with the timing reference point 650. The timing reference point 650 may be defined in terms of an absolute timing indication, for example, a timestamp xx1: yy1: ww or xx1: yy1: ww: aa1 or xx1: yy1: ww: aa1: bb1 or xx1: yy1: ww: aa1: bb1: cc1 (not shown in FIG. 6) . The timestamp format (xx1: yy1: ww) may indicate, for example as (xx1) hour, (yy1) minute and (ww) second, respectively. The timestamp format may indicate, for example additional granularity in the form of (aa1) milliseconds, (bb1) microseconds, and (cc1) nanoseconds, respectively. Put another way, the new frame boundary at the timing reference point 650 may be understood to be time stamped with a value equivalent to xx1: yy1: ww or other variations consistent with further granularity as described above.
[0149] The UE may receive the timing alignment indication message at a time offset, Toffset. The time offset, Toffset, may be a delay that is similar to the time offset Toffset described above in connection with FIG. 5.
[0150] Once the timing reference point 650 is obtained, the frames in the first BWP 625 and second BWP 635 may be aligned with the timing reference point 650. Specifically, for example, a starting boundary of the frame 620-M and a starting boundary of the frame 630-L are aligned with the timing reference point 650, respectively, as shown in FIG. 6.
[0151] Upon configuring the timing reference point 650, the UE may start transmitting or receiving information in a frame 620-M in the first BWP 625, the transmitting or receiving starting from the timing reference point 650. Additionally, upon configuring the timing reference point 650, the UE may start transmitting or receiving information in a frame 630-L in the second BWP 635, the transmitting or receiving starting from the timing reference point 650. In some embodiments, the second BWP 635 may be used by a different UE to start transmitting or receiving information in a frame 630-L.
[0152] Aspects of the present disclosure provide specific methods and apparatuses for data transmission that may be used for cross carrier scheduling in carrier aggregation. Aspects of the present disclosure provide specific methods and apparatuses for data transmission that may be used for downlink (DL) spectrum and uplink (UL) spectrum scheduling. The methods and apparatuses described in the present disclosure may resolve potential issues that may arise when performing cross carrier scheduling in carrier aggregation or that may arise in DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling.
[0153] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a potential issue that may arise when performing cross carrier scheduling in carrier aggregation. Referring to FIG. 7, a frame structure of a first carrier 710 may be defined according to a first timing reference point 715 and include a plurality of frames such as frames 710-M and 710-M+1. A frame structure of a second carrier 720 may be defined according to a second timing reference point 725 and include a plurality of frames such as frames 720-N and 720-N+1.
[0154] A data transmission may be scheduled to be carried over a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) 711 on a portion (e.g., one or more symbols) of the frame 710-M in the first carrier 710. The PDCCH 711 may indicate scheduling information for reception over a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) . The PDCCH 711 may indicate to an apparatus that a resource is allocated in a different carrier, such as second carrier 720 for a PDSCH reception 721. Such scheduling may be referred to as cross carrier scheduling because information in a first carrier schedules a resource for use in a second carrier. In FIG. 7, the PDCCH 711 in the first carrier 710 schedules the resource for PDSCH reception 721 on a portion (e.g., one or more symbols) of the frame 720-N in the second carrier 720.
[0155] A frame structure in the first carrier 710 may be determined according to a first timing reference point 715 and a frame structure in the second carrier 720 may be determined according to a second timing reference point 725. As shown in FIG. 7, the two frame structures may not be timing aligned, i.e., they two frame structure may be misaligned with respect to one another. Such misalignment may raise a challenge when cross carrier scheduling a resource for PDSCH reception or PUSCH transmission. For example, a resource offset (e.g., slot offset) indicative of a resource location of the PDSCH reception 721 may be included in downlink control information (DCI) , however such resource offset may not accurately indicate the resource location of the PDSCH reception 721 in the second carrier 720, due to the timing misalignment between the frame structure in the first carrier 710 and the frame structure in the second carrier 720. It should be noted that a slot offset is indicated above as an example of the resource offset, the resource offset may be defined using an offset based on a different type of resource, such as a frame offset, sub-frame offset, or symbol offset. Since boundaries of frames, sub-frames, symbols, or slots in the first and second carriers 710 and 720 are not timing aligned, a time offset that may compensate the timing misalignment between the frame structure in the first carrier 710 and the frame structure in the second carrier 720 may be needed for cross carrier scheduling to achieve timing alignment. For example, an offset indicative of a timing difference between the timing reference point 715 and the timing reference point 725 may be used to achieve timing alignment.
[0156] A similar issue may exist for existing DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling (e.g., flexible spectrum scheduling) . It may be noted that the DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling or flexible spectrum scheduling may enable to transmit data using DL spectrum and UL spectrum that are decoupled from each other. In some cases, the DL spectrum and UL spectrum may be decoupled from each other, for example when the DL spectrum is in a DL frequency-division duplexing (FDD) band and the UL spectrum is in an unpaired UL FDD band, a paired UL FDD band, or a time-division duplexing (TDD) band. In some other cases, the DL spectrum and UL spectrum may be decoupled from each other, for example when the DL spectrum is in a first TDD band and the UL spectrum is in a UL FDD band, the first TDD band, or a second TDD band that is different from the first TDD band.
[0157] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a potential issue that may arise when performing DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling. Referring to FIG. 8, a frame structure in a DL spectrum 810 may be defined according to a DL timing reference point 815 and include a plurality of frames such as frames 810-M, 810-M+1, and 810-M+2. A frame structure of a UL spectrum 820 may be defined according to a UL timing reference point 825 and include a plurality of frames such as frames 820-N, 820-N+1, and 820-N+2.
[0158] A data transmission may be carried over or scheduled to be carried over a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) 811 on a portion (e.g., symbol (s) ) of the frame 810-M in the DL spectrum 810. The PDCCH 811 may schedule a resource for a transmission over a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) 821. The PDCCH 811 may indicate a resource for a PUSCH transmission 821 in the UL spectrum 820. Specifically, the PDCCH 811 in the DL spectrum 810 schedules a resource for the PUSCH 821 transmission on a portion (e.g., one or more symbols) of the frame 820-N in the UL spectrum 820.
[0159] Another data transmission may be carried over or scheduled to be carried over a different PDCCH 812 on a portion (e.g., one or more symbols) of the frame 810-M+1 in the DL spectrum 810. The PDCCH 812 may schedule a resource for the PDSCH 813 transmission on a portion (e.g., one or more symbols) of the frame 820-M+1 in the DL spectrum 810. The PDCCH 812 may also schedule a resource for PUCCH 822 transmission, which includes feedback (e.g., HARQ ACK feedback) for the PDSCH transmission 813, on a portion (e.g., one or more symbols) of the frame 820-N+2 in the UL spectrum 820. The PDCCH 822 transmission may be scheduled in connection with the PDSCH 813 transmission.
[0160] Still with reference to FIG. 8, given that the frame structure in the DL spectrum 810 may be determined according to the DL timing reference point 815 and the frame structure in the UL spectrum 820 may be determined according to a different timing reference point, i.e., UL timing reference point 825, the two frame structures shown in FIG. 8 may not be timing aligned. Such misalignment may raise a challenge when performing DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling for a PUSCH or PUCCH transmission. For example, a resource offset (e.g., slot offset) indicative of a resource location of the PUSCH transmission 821 may be included in DCI, however, such resource offset may not accurately indicate the resource location of the PUSCH transmission 821 in the UL spectrum 820, due to the timing misalignment between the frame structure in the DL spectrum 810 and the frame structure in the UL spectrum 820. In another example, timing information for the PUCCH transmission 822, which may include feedback (e.g., HARQ ACK feedback) for the PDSCH transmission 813, may not accurately indicate a desired resource portion in the UL spectrum 820, due to the timing misalignment between the frame structure in the DL spectrum 810 and the frame structure in the UL spectrum 820. Since boundaries of of frames, sub-frames, symbols, or slots in the DL and UL spectrums 810 and 820 are not timing aligned, a time offset that may compensate the timing misalignment between the frame structure in the first carrier 810 and the frame structure in the second carrier 820 may be needed for flexible DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling to achieve timing alignment. For example, an offset indicative of a timing difference between the timing reference point 815 and the timing reference point 825 may be used to achieve timing alignment.
[0161] The methods and apparatuses described in the present disclosure may resolve the above-noted issues that may arise when performing cross carrier scheduling in carrier aggregation or DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling. According to some aspects of the present disclosure, an apparatus (e.g., user equipment (UE) ) may receive configuration information, at a first resource in a first carrier, for transmitting or receiving information in a second resource in a second carrier. The configuration information may include a resource offset (e.g., slot offset) for a data transmission over a PDSCH or a PUSCH transmission, or timing information for reporting feedback for the PDSCH transmission (e.g., timing information for HARQ ACK feedback) . The apparatus may determine the second resource in the second carrier based on the configuration information and an offset indicative of a timing difference between a timing reference point of the first carrier and a timing reference point of the second carrier. For example, a slot index for a (scheduled) data transmission over a PDSCH or PUSCH may be determined. In another example, a slot index for feedback for the data transmission over the PDSCH (e.g., a slot index for HARQ ACK feedback) may be determined. When the second resource in the second carrier is determined, the apparatus may transmit or receive the information on the determined second resource in the second carrier.
[0162] The method described above and elsewhere in the present disclosure may be used for at least one of cross carrier scheduling in carrier aggregation or DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling. In some embodiments where the method is used for the cross carrier scheduling, the cross carrier scheduling may enable the apparatus (e.g., UE) to determine where on the second carrier the information is transmitted or received. In such embodiments, the first carrier may be a scheduling carrier and the second carrier may be a scheduled carrier, and the first carrier may be different from the second carrier. In some embodiments where the method is used for the DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling, the DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling may enable the apparatus (e.g., UE) to determine where on the second carrier the information is transmitted or received. In such embodiments, the first carrier may be included in the DL spectrum and the second carrier may be included in the UL spectrum. The UL spectrum may be decoupled from the DL spectrum, i) when the DL spectrum is in a DL frequency-division duplexing (FDD) band and the UL spectrum is in an unpaired UL FDD band, a paired UL FDD band, or a time-division duplexing (TDD) band, or ii) when the DL spectrum is in a first TDD band and the UL spectrum is in a UL FDD band, the first TDD band, or a second TDD band that is different from the first TDD band. The methods and apparatuses for data transmission that is described in the present disclosure may resolve issues described above and achieve timing alignment.
[0163] According to some embodiments, the timing reference point may refer to timing information used to determine a timing point of a frame, a sub-frame, a symbol, or a slot in a carrier or cell. The timing reference point may be used to timestamp a frame boundary, where a frame boundary may refer to a starting or ending boundary of a frame, a sub-frame, a symbol, or a slot. Put another way, the timing reference point may indicate a frame boundary of another frame structure, and accordingly the timing reference point may be timing aligned with a starting or ending boundary of a frame, a sub-frame, a symbol, or a slot.
[0164] The timing reference point may be used or referenced when updating a frame structure. In other words, the frame structure may be updated based on the timing reference point. For example, a set of frames in the updated frame structure may start from the timing reference point (e.g., the timing reference point indicates a timing point of the starting boundary of the updated frame structure) , and system frame number (SFN) , slot index, and / or symbol index may be changed according to the timing reference point. The timing reference point may allow for timing alignment to be implemented at a UE. The timing reference point may allow for adjustments to be implemented in future data transmissions made between a UE and a BS in the network.
[0165] As described above, the timing reference point may be expressed in terms of a relative timing in view of a timing point (e.g., starting or ending boundary) of a frame, a sub-frame, a symbol, or a slot. For example, the timing reference point may be expressed in terms of a relative timing, in view of a current frame boundary, e.g., the starting boundary of the current frame. The timing reference point may be expressed in terms of a time offset from a different reference time slot. The time offset from the different reference time slot has several nanosecond or microsecond or millisecond granularity. Alternatively, the timing reference point may be expressed in terms of an absolute timing based on certain standards timing reference such as coordinated universal time (UTC) , global positioning system (GPS) where the origin of the time field (i.e., start of GPS time) is 00: 00: 00 on 6 January, 1980 in Gregorian calendar date, etc. In the absolute timing version, the timing reference point may be explicitly stated.
[0166] In a frame structure used in a wireless network (e.g., LTE, 5G NR, and 6G) , each frame may consist of ten subframes, each subframe of 1 ms duration. The frame length accordingly may be set at 10 ms. One or more of downlink (DL) , uplink (DL) , and sidelink (SL) transmissions may be organized into such frames, and a system frame number (SFN) may be used to identify the frames in the frame structure. The SFN may be a value in range from 0 to 1023, inclusive. The value of the SFN may be increased from 0 and when the value of the SFN reaches a maximum value (i.e., 1023) , the value of the SFN may be reset to 0.
[0167] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a plurality of frames 900 that is used to explain an example of updating a frame structure according to a timing reference point, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. A first frame structure 910 may include frames 910-0, 910-1, …, 910-M, 910-M+1. A UE may (initially) communicate with a BS in a wireless network using the frames 910-0, 910-1, …, 910-M, 910-M+1 in the frame structure 910. A second frame structure 920 may be a different frame structure that includes frames 920-X, 920-X+1, …. FIG. 9 also identifies a timing reference point 950.
[0168] In some embodiments, a UE may receive an identification of the timing reference point 950 or information indicative of the timing reference point 950. The timing reference point 950 may indicate a starting or an ending boundary of a frame structure to be used for scheduling of future data transmission. As shown in FIG. 9, the timing reference point 950 is not aligned with starting and ending boundaries of the frame 910-M. Accordingly, timing adjustment of a clock at the UE may be implemented. The timing adjustment may be carried out based on the timing reference point 950.
[0169] Once the timing adjustment is finished, the timing reference point 950 may be timing aligned with a frame boundary of the second frame structure 920, as shown in FIG. 9. Specifically, for example, a starting boundary of the starting frame 920-X in the second frame structure 920 may be aligned with the timing reference point 950.
[0170] In some embodiments, the SFN of the starting frame 920-X, whose starting boundary is aligned with the timing reference point 950, may be indicated or configured by a BS. For example, the BS may configure the SFN of a starting frame of the second frame structure 920, and the UE receives, from the BS, information indicative of the SFN of the starting frame of the second frame structure 920. In the case of the example illustrated in FIG. 9, the BS may configure the value of SFN of the frame 920-X and the UE may receive, from the BS, information that indicates the SFN of the frame 920-X. The SFN value of the frames after the frame 920-X are increased in an ordinary manner. For example, when the SFN of the frame 920-X is X and the value X is received from the BS, the SFN values of the frames after the frame 920-X are X+1, X+2, …, X+N, …, 1023, 0, 1, 2, …, etc.
[0171] In some embodiments, the SFN of the starting frame 920-X, whose starting boundary is aligned with the timing reference point 950, may be determined according to a predetermined rule. A predetermined rule may indicate that the SFN of the starting frame 920-X is to be updated based on the timing reference point 950. Some of non-limiting examples of the predetermined rule are described below with reference to FIG. 9.
[0172] One example of a predetermined rule may be to indicate that the starting frame is a frame having the SFN value 0 (which may be referred to as ‘SFN0’ or ‘SFN 0’ below or elsewhere in the present disclosure) in the second frame structure 920 updated based on the timing reference point 950. In other words, the SFN of the frame 920-X is 0.
[0173] Another example predetermined rule may indicate that the SFN of the starting frame 920-X of the second frame structure 920 is determined based on a frame 910-M of the first frame structure 910. The frame 910-M is a frame, amongst the frames in the first frame structure 910, that includes the timing reference point 950, as described in FIG. 9. A starting boundary of the first frame structure 910 is aligned with a different timing reference point (not shown in FIG. 9) . The SFN of the starting frame 920-X may be the same as the SFN of the frame 910-M. For example, assuming that the timing reference point 950 is transmitted in the frame 910-M and the SFN of the frame 910-M is M, the SFN of the frame 920-X may be M. Alternatively, the SFN of the starting frame 920-X may be determined using a function that takes the SFN of the frame 910-M as input. For example, assuming that the timing reference point 950 is transmitted in the frame 910-M and the SFN of the frame 910-M is M, the SFN of the frame 920-X may be an output of a predetermined function that takes ‘M’ as input. If the function is function (M) = M+1, the SFN of the frame 920-X is M+1.
[0174] As noted above, a data transmission between a UE and a BS may be performed using cross carrier scheduling. To implement the cross carrier scheduling, a UE may be configured to transmit or receive information in multiple carriers, for example as described below with reference to FIG. 10.
[0175] In cross carrier scheduling that may use multiple carriers for a data transmission or reception at a UE, one or more timing reference points may be configured for one or more of the multiple carriers. In some embodiments, a timing reference point may be separately configured for each of the multiple carriers. A timing reference point configured for one of the multiple carriers may not be timing aligned with a different timing reference point configured for a different one of the multiple carriers. For example, in FIG. 10, three timing reference points 1015, 1025, and 1035, which are configured for first, second, and third carriers 1010, 1020, and 1030 respectively, are not timing aligned each other. Accordingly, an offset may be used to compensate timing misalignment between carriers when scheduling a data transmission or reception using cross carrier scheduling.
[0176] According to some embodiments, as discussed above, a UE may receive configuration information, at a first resource in a first carrier, for transmitting or receiving information in a second resource in a second carrier. The transmitting or receiving the information may comprise a data reception over a PDSCH or a data transmission over a PUSCH.
[0177] The UE may receive the configuration information over a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) through downlink control information (DCI) . The configuration information may be included in a time domain resource assignment field of the DCI. The DCI, e.g., in the time domain resource assignment field, may indicate a resource offset (e.g., K0, K2) that may be used for scheduling of the transmitting or receiving the information. For example, the time domain resource assignment field in the DCI may indicate a slot offset (e.g., K0) for the PDSCH reception or the PUSCH transmission, e.g., the UE is scheduled to receive a PDSCH or transmit a PUSCH via DCI.
[0178] After receiving the configuration information, at a first resource in a first carrier, for transmitting or receiving information in a second resource in a second carrier, the UE may determine the second resource in the second carrier for transmitting or receiving the information based on the configuration information. The resource (Ks) (e.g., second resource) allocated for transmitting or receiving the information (e.g., PDSCH reception or PUSCH transmission) in the scheduled carrier (e.g., second carrier) may be determined based on Equation (1) shown below: Ks= (n+K0+offsetTimingRPs) mod slots_in_a_frame (1)
[0179] where:
[0180] Ks is a resource (e.g., second resource) allocated for transmitting or receiving the information in the scheduled carrier (e.g., second carrier) ;
[0181] n is an identifier (e.g., slot index) of a resource (e.g., first resource) on which the configuration information (e.g., information included in a time domain resource assignment field of DCI) is received in the scheduling carrier (e.g., first carrier) ;
[0182] K0 is a resource offset (e.g., slot offset) indicated in the configuration information (e.g., information included in a time domain resource assignment field of DCI) for scheduling of the transmitting or receiving the information;
[0183] offsetTimingRPs is an offset indicative of a timing difference between a timing reference point of the scheduling carrier (e.g., first carrier) and a timing reference point of the scheduled carrier (e.g., second carrier) ; and
[0184] slots_in_a_frame is the number of unit resources (e.g., number of slots) in a frame.
[0185] In some embodiments, K0 may be indicative of a slot offset between a PDCCH transmission and a corresponding PDSCH transmission.
[0186] When determining the resource (Ks) (e.g., second resource) using Equation (1) , it is presumed that the frame boundaries (e.g., boundaries of symbols, slots or subframes, or frames) are timing aligned in the scheduling carrier and the scheduled carrier (e.g., first and second carriers) . For example, a starting boundary of a resource (e.g., symbol boundary) in the scheduling carrier (e.g., first carrier) is timing aligned with a starting boundary of a resource in the scheduled carrier (e.g., second carrier) , e.g., in FIG. 10, a starting boundary of a resource 5 of the first carrier 1010 is timing aligned with a starting boundary of a resource 7 of the second carrier 1020 and a starting boundary of a resource 2 of the third carrier 1030.
[0187] In some embodiments, an offset between timing reference points can be determined based on the timing reference point of a scheduling carrier and a timing reference point of a scheduled carrier. For example, offsetTimingRPs may be determined based on Equation (2) shown below:
[0188] where:
[0189] TimingRefPointCC_scheduling is a timing reference point of the scheduling carrier (e.g., first carrier) ;
[0190] TimingRefPointCC_scheduled is a timing reference point of the scheduled carrier (e.g., second carrier) ; and
[0191] slot_duration is time length of a unit resource (e.g., slot) , which is common to both the scheduled carrier and the scheduling carrier.
[0192] In some embodiments, TimingRefPointCC_scheduling and TimingRefPointCC_scheduled in Equation (2) may be defined in terms of an absolute timing indication. In some embodiments, the slot_duration in Equation (2) may be expressed in terms of ‘X’ microseconds (μs) . However, it should be understood that the slot_duration may be expressed in other units of time based on the implementation. It should be also understood that while slot_duration may be time length of a slot as noted above, it may be time length of other type of resource such as a frame, a sub-frame, or a symbol based on the implementation. In other words, a unit resource may be a frame, sub-frame, slot, or symbol based on the implementation.
[0193] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a plurality of resources 1000 that is used to explain an example method of determining a resource allocated for transmitting or receiving information in a scheduled carrier using cross carrier scheduling, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. In the example shown in FIG. 10, it is presumed that while first, second, and third timing reference points 1015, 1025, and 1035 are not timing aligned each other, frame boundaries (e.g., boundaries of symbols, slots or subframes, or frames) are timing aligned in first, second, and third component carriers (CCs) 1010, 1020, and 1030. For example, as noted above, a starting boundary of a resource 5 of the first carrier 1010 is timing aligned with a starting boundary of a resource 7 of the second carrier 1020 and a starting boundary of a resource 2 of the third carrier 1030.
[0194] Referring to FIG. 10, in each of the first, second, and third carriers 1010, 1020, and 1030, there are a plurality of resources (e.g., slots) 0, 1, 2, 3, …, 9, 10, etc. Although the resources 0, 1, 2, 3, …, 9, 10, etc. may be referred to as slots hereinafter and elsewhere in the present disclosure (e.g., FIGs. 10 to 13) , it may be noted that each of these resources may be a different type of resources such as frame, a sub-frame, or a symbol.
[0195] In FIG. 10, the first component carrier 1010 may cross carrier schedule resources to be used in the second component carrier 1020. DCI including configuration information for a data transmission or data reception may be received over a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) 1012 at slot 0 of the first component carrier 1010, i.e., n = 0. The DCI at slot 0 of the first component carrier 1010 may provide scheduling information for transmitting or receiving information in the second component carrier 1020. Specifically, the DCI at the slot 0 of the first component carrier 1010 may indicate that the slot offset K0 is 2, i.e., K0=2.
[0196] The offset offsetTimingRPs may be determined using Equation (2) . Given that the first timing reference point 1015 for the first component carrier 1010 and the second timing reference point 1025 for the second component carrier 1020 are 2 slots apart and the second timing reference point 1025 is before the first timing reference point 1015, offsetTimingRPs may be determined to be 2 based on Equation (2) , and assuming the first timing reference point 1015 has a value of 0μs and therefore second timing reference point 1025 has a value of -2μs and the slot duration is 1μs, i.e., While the first timing reference point 1015 and the second timing reference point 1025 used above for calculating the offset reflect the timing value of the first slot of he first carrier 1010 as a reference point, it is to be understood that this is simply for ease of explanation. In some embodiments, the values of the first timing reference point 1015 and the second timing reference point 1025 may be an absolute timing value, such as GPS or the like.
[0197] Accordingly, assuming that there are 10 slots in a frame (i.e., slots_in_a_frame = 10) , the index of the slot allocated for the PDSCH reception 1022 in the second component carrier 1020 (i.e., scheduled component carrier 1020) is 4, based on Equation (1) , where, n = 0, K0 = 2 and offsetTimingRPs = 2, as described above, i.e., Ks= (0+2+ 2) mod 10 = 4.
[0198] FIG. 10 also provides an example of cross carrier scheduling between the second component carrier 1020 and the third component carrier 1030. In this example of cross carrier scheduling, the second component carrier 1020 may be a scheduling carrier and the third component carrier 1030 may be a scheduled carrier. Therefore, the second component carrier 1020 may cross carrier schedule a resource to be used in the third component carrier 1030. DCI including the configuration information for a data transmission or data reception may be received over a PDCCH 1024 at slot 7 of the second component carrier 1020, i.e., n = 7. The DCI at slot 7 of the second component carrier 1020 may provide scheduling information for transmitting or receiving information in the third component carrier 1030. Specifically, the DCI at slot 7 of the second component carrier 1020 may indicate that the slot offset K0 is 2, K0=2.
[0199] The offset offsetTimingRPs may be determined using Equation (2) . Given that the second timing reference point 1025 and the third timing reference point 1035 are 5 slots apart and the third timing reference point 1035 is after the second timing reference point 1025, offsetTimingRPs may be determined to be -5, based on Equation (2) , and assuming that the second timing reference point 1025 has a value of -2μs (where 0μs was previously indicated to be start time of the first timing reference point 1010) and therefore the third timing reference point 1035 has a value of 3μs and the slot duration is 1μs, i.e.,
[0200] Accordingly, assuming once again that there are 10 slots in a frame (i.e., slots_in_a_frame = 10) , the index of the slot allocated for the PDSCH reception 1032 in the third component carrier 1030 (i.e., scheduled component carrier 1030) is 4, based on Equation (1) , where, n = 7, K0 = 2 and offsetTimingRPs = -5, as described above, i.e., Ks= (7+2-5) mod 10=4.
[0201] While FIG. 10 illustrates examples of determining a resource allocated for a PDSCH reception using cross carrier scheduling, it should be understood that the same principle may be applicable when determining a resource allocated for a PUSCH transmission.
[0202] While the example of FIG. 10 proposed the number of slots in a frame being equal to 10, the duration of a slot being 1μs and several other specific values, it should be understood that these are specific examples and the number of slots per frame, duration of the slot and other values may be implementation specific.
[0203] Therefore, as described above and elsewhere in the present disclosure, in cross carrier scheduling, the index of the slot allocated for the PDSCH reception or the PUSCH transmission may be determined based on the timing reference point of the scheduling carrier (TimingRefPointCC_scheduling) , the timing reference point of the scheduled carrier (TimingRefPointCC_scheduled) , and / or the time length of a slot with the numerology of the scheduled PDSCH reception or PUSCH transmission in the scheduled carrier (e.g., the second carrier 1020 in the first example of FIG. 10 and the third component carrier 1030 in the second example of FIG. 10) , i.e., slot_duration.
[0204] It should be noted that the time length of a slot (slot_duration) may be different depending on numerology in at least some wireless networks (e.g., 5G NR) . In the examples described above and in FIG. 10, it is assumed that the time length of a slot (slot_duration) in each component carrier is the same. When the time length of a slot is different in carriers involved in cross carrier scheduling (e.g., the first, second, and third component carriers 1010, 1020, and 1030) , an offset indicative of a timing difference between a timing reference point of the scheduling carrier and a timing reference point of the scheduled carrier, i.e., offsetTimingRPs, may be determined based on Equation (3) or Equation (4) shown below:
[0205] where:
[0206] TimingRefPointCC_scheduling is a timing reference point of a scheduling carrier;
[0207] TimingRefPointCC_scheduled is a timing reference point of a scheduled carrier; and
[0208] reference_slot_duration is a reference slot time duration which may be predetermined or configured.
[0209] It should be noted that ceiling () in Equation (3) and other equations in the present disclosure represents a ceiling function and floor () in Equation (4) and other equations in the present disclosure represents a flooring function. A ceiling function maps a real number x to the least integer greater than or equal to x, denoted or ceil (x) . A flooring function takes as input a real number x, and gives as output the greatest integer less than or equal to x, denoted or floor (x) . Therefore, when the time length of a slot is different in carriers used in cross carrier scheduling (e.g., the first, second, and third component carriers 1010, 1020, and 1030) , an offset indicative of a timing difference between a timing reference point of a scheduling carrier and a timing reference point of a scheduled carrier, i.e., offsetTimingRPs, may be determined using a ceiling function or a floor function.
[0210] As discussed above, a UE may receive configuration information, at a first resource in a first carrier, for transmitting or receiving information in a second resource in a second carrier. In some embodiments, the transmitting or receiving the information may comprise transmitting uplink control information (UCI) over a PUCCH. The UCI may include feedback for the PDSCH transmission. The feedback for the PDSCH transmission may include a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) or negative acknowledgement (NACK) feedback.
[0211] The UE may receive the configuration information over a PDCCH through DCI. The configuration information may be included in a time domain resource assignment field of the DCI. The DCI, e.g., in the time domain resource assignment field, may indicate a resource offset (e.g., slot offset K0) for the PDSCH transmission. The DCI, in the time domain resource assignment field or in a different field, may indicate timing information for reporting feedback for a PDSCH transmission. In some embodiments, the DCI may indicate a time slot for reporting HARQ ACK / NACK feedback for a corresponding PDSCH transmission. The timing information for reporting the feedback for the PDSCH transmission may include a resource offset that may be used for scheduling of the feedback reporting (e.g., HARQ ACK / NACK reporting) . The resource offset that may be used for scheduling of the feedback reporting may be indicative of a timing difference between the feedback reporting and the corresponding PDSCH transmission.
[0212] As noted above, a timing reference point configured for one of the multiple carriers may not be timing aligned with another timing reference point configured for another one of the multiple carriers. For example, a timing reference point of a first carrier in which the PDSCH transmission occurs may not be timing aligned with a timing reference point of a second carrier in which the feedback reporting for the PDSCH transmission occurs. The feedback for the PDSCH transmission may be included in the UCI which may be transmitted over a PUCCH.
[0213] When the timing reference point of the first carrier in which the PDSCH transmission occurs is not timing aligned with the timing reference point of the second carrier in which the feedback reporting for the PDSCH transmission occurs, an offset may be added to compensate timing misalignment between carriers when scheduling a data transmission or reception using cross carrier scheduling. In some embodiments, addition of the offset may be considered, when a PDSCH transmission is scheduled to be performed in the first carrier and feedback for the PDSCH transmission (e.g., HARQ ACK / NACK) is scheduled to be transmitted over a PUCCH in the second carrier. The PDSCH transmission may be scheduled by a signaling (e.g., DCI signaling) in the second carrier. In some embodiments, addition of the offset may be considered, when a PDSCH transmission and a feedback reporting for the PDSCH transmission are scheduled using DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling. The feedback reporting may be a PUCCH transmission. In some embodiments, a timing reference point configured for the DL spectrum may not be timing aligned with a timing reference point configured for the UL spectrum, for example as described below and in FIG. 11.
[0214] According to some embodiments, a UE may receive configuration information through DCI. The configuration information may provide information related to scheduling of a PDSCH transmission and a feedback reporting for the PDSCH transmission. For example, the configuration information may include timing information for a PDSCH transmission and a resource offset (e.g., slot offset) for reporting feedback for the PDSCH transmission, e.g., the UE is scheduled to receive a PDSCH at slot n, and a resource offset (K1) for a timing of feedback reporting for the PDSCH transmission (e.g., timing of transmitting uplink control information (UCI) that includes feedback for the PDSCH transmission) . The resource offset (K1) for a timing of feedback reporting (e.g., HARQ ACK / NACK) for the PDSCH transmission may be indicative of a timing difference between the PDSCH transmission and the timing of the feedback reporting for the PDSCH transmission.
[0215] After receiving the configuration information, at a first resource in the DL spectrum (e.g., a first carrier) , for reporting feedback for the PDSCH transmission in a second resource in the UL spectrum (e.g., a second carrier) , the UE may determine the second resource in the UL spectrum for reporting the feedback for the PDSCH transmission based on the configuration information. The resource (KHARQ) (e.g., second resource) allocated for reporting the feedback for the PDSCH transmission in the UL spectrum (e.g., second carrier) may be determined based on Equation (5) shown below: KHARQ= (n+K1+offsetTimingRPs_HARQ) mod slots_in_a_frame (5)
[0216] where:
[0217] KHARQ is a resource (e.g., second resource) allocated for reporting feedback for a PDSCH transmission in a UL spectrum (e.g., second carrier) ;
[0218] n is an identifier (e.g., slot index) of a resource (e.g., first resource) for the (scheduled) PDSCH transmission in a DL spectrum (e.g., first carrier) ;
[0219] K1 is a resource offset (e.g., slot offset) indicated in configuration information (e.g., information included in a time domain resource assignment field of DCI) for timing of the feedback reporting for the PDSCH transmission (e.g., timing of transmitting uplink control information (UCI) including the feedback for the PDSCH transmission) ;
[0220] offsetTimingRPs_HARQ is an offset indicative of a timing difference between a timing reference point of a carrier carrying the PDSCH (e.g., DL spectrum, first carrier) and a timing reference point of a carrier for the feedback reporting (e.g., UL spectrum, second carrier) ; and
[0221] slots_in_a_frame is the number of unit resources (e.g., number of slots) in a frame.
[0222] In some embodiments, K1 may be indicative of a slot offset between a PDSCH transmission and a corresponding HARQ ACK / NACK transmission (i.e., HARQ ACK / NACK for the PDSCH transmission) .
[0223] When determining the resource KHARQ using Equation (5) , it is presumed that the frame boundaries (e.g., boundaries of symbols, slots or subframes, or frames) are timing aligned between the DL and UL spectrums (e.g., first and second carriers) . For example, a starting boundary of a resource (e.g., symbol boundary) in the DL spectrum (e.g., first carrier) is timing aligned with a starting boundary of a resource in the UL spectrum (e.g., second carrier) , e.g., in FIG. 11, a starting boundary of resource 2 of the DL spectrum 1110 is timing aligned with a starting boundary of resource 4 of the UL spectrum 1120.
[0224] In some embodiments, offsetTimingRPs_HARQ may be determined based on Equation (6) shown below:
[0225] where:
[0226] TimingRefPointDL is a timing reference point of a DL spectrum (e.g., first carrier) for a PDSCH transmission;
[0227] TimingRefPointUL is a timing reference point of a UL spectrum (e.g., second carrier) for reporting feedback (e.g., HARQ ACK / NACK) for the PDSCH transmission; and
[0228] slot_duration is time length of a unit resource (e.g., slot) in the UL spectrum for reporting the feedback (e.g., HARQ ACK / NACK) for the PDSCH transmission.
[0229] In some embodiments, TimingRefPointDL and TimingRefPointUL in Equation (6) may be defined in terms of an absolute timing indication. In some embodiments, the slot_duration in Equation (6) may be expressed in terms of ‘X’ microseconds (μs) . However, it should be understood that the slot_duration may be expressed in other units of time based on the implementation. It should be also understood that while slot_duration may be time length of a slot as noted above, it may be time length of other type of resource such as a frame, a sub-frame, or a symbol based on the implementation. In other words, a unit resource may be a frame, sub-frame, slot, or symbol based on the implementation.
[0230] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a plurality of resources 1100 that is used to explain an example method of determining a resource allocated for transmitting or receiving information using DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. In the example shown in FIG. 11, it is presumed that while first and second timing reference points 1115 and 1125 are not timing aligned each other, the frame boundaries (e.g., boundaries of symbols, slots or subframes, or frames) are timing aligned in a DL spectrum 1110 and a UL spectrum 1120. For example, as noted above, a starting boundary of resource 2 of the DL spectrum 1110 is timing aligned with a starting boundary of resource 4 of the UL spectrum 1120.
[0231] Referring to FIG. 11, in each of the DL spectrum 1110 and the UL spectrum 1120, there are a plurality of resources (e.g., slots) 0, 1, 2, 3, …, 9, 10, etc. As noted above, each of these resources may be a slot or a different type of resources such as frame, a sub-frame, or a symbol.
[0232] In FIG. 11, signaling in the DL spectrum 1110 may schedule a transmission in the UL spectrum 1120. A UE (not shown in FIG. 11) may receive configuration information through DCI. The configuration information may include timing information for a PDSCH transmission 1112, e.g., the UE is scheduled to receive a PDSCH 1112 at slot 2, i.e., n = 2, in the DL spectrum 1110. The configuration information may also include a resource offset (e.g., slot offset) , i.e., K1, used for scheduling feedback reporting for the PDSCH transmission 1112 in the UL spectrum 1120 is 4, i.e., K1 = 4.
[0233] The offset offsetTimingRPs_HARQ may be determined using Equation (6) . Given that the first timing reference point 1115 and the second timing reference point 1125 are 2 slots apart and the first timing reference point 1115 is after the second timing reference point 1125, offsetTimingRPs_HARQ may be determined to be 2, based on Equation (6) , and assuming that the first timing reference point 1115 has a value of 0μs and therefore the second timing reference point 1125 has a value of -2μs and the slot duration is 1μs, i.e.,
[0234] Accordingly, assuming that there are 10 slots in a frame (i.e., slots_in_a_frame = 10) , the index of the slot allocated in the UL spectrum 1120 for the feedback reporting (e.g., HARQ ACK / NACK) for the PDSCH transmission 1112 is 8 based on Equation (5) , where, n = 2, K1 = 4 and offsetTimingRPs = 2, as described above, i.e., Ks= (2+4+2) mod 10=8. In other words, a PUCCH transmission 1122 including the feedback for the PDSCH transmission 1112 may be performed on the resource 8 (e.g., slot 8) in the UL spectrum 1120.
[0235] Therefore, as described above and elsewhere in the present disclosure, in DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling, the index of the slot allocated for transmitting feedback (e.g., HACK ACK / NACK) for the PDSCH transmission may be determined based on the timing reference point of the DL spectrum (TimingRefPointDL) the timing reference point of the UL spectrum (TimingRefPointUL) , and / or the time length of a slot with the numerology of the PUCCH transmission in the UL spectrum, i.e., slot_duration.
[0236] Furthermore, while the example of FIG. 11 proposed the number of slots in a frame being equal to 10, the duration of a slot being 1μs and several other specific values, it should be understood that these are specific examples and the number of slots per frame, duration of the slot and other values may be implementation specific.
[0237] It should be noted that the time length of a slot (slot_duration) may be different depending on numerology in at least some wireless networks (e.g., 5G NR) . In the examples described above with reference to FIG. 11, it is assumed that the time length of a slot (slot_duration) in each component carrier is the same. When the time length of a slot is different in the DL spectrum 1110 and UL spectrum 1120, an offset indicative of a timing difference between a timing reference point of the DL spectrum and a timing reference point of the UL spectrum, i.e., offsetTimingRPs_HARQ, may be determined based on Equation (7) or Equation (8) shown below:
[0238] , where:
[0239] TimingRefPointDL is a timing reference point of a DL spectrum;
[0240] TimingRefPointUL is a timing reference point of a UL spectrum; and
[0241] reference_slot_duration is a reference slot time duration which may be predetermined or configured.
[0242] When time length of a slot is different in a DL spectrum and a UL spectrum, an offset indicative of a timing difference between a timing reference point of the DL spectrum and a timing reference point of the UL spectrum, i.e., offsetTimingRPs_HARQ, may be determined using a ceiling function or a floor function.
[0243] In some embodiments, when determining a timing (e.g., time slot) for aperiodic channel state information (CSI) reporting or aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission, the timing (e.g., slot index) may be determined based on i) a timing reference point of a transmission carrier in which the CSI reporting or SRS transmission occurs and ii) a timing reference point of a carrier that triggers the CSI reporting or SRS transmission (e.g., the carrier in which DCI that triggers the CSI reporting or SRS transmission is transmitted) .
[0244] In some embodiments, an offset indicative of a timing difference between a timing reference point of a first carrier (e.g., scheduling carrier in cross carrier scheduling, DL spectrum in DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling) and a timing reference point of a second carrier (e.g., scheduled carrier in cross carrier scheduling, UL spectrum in DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling) may be determined before compensating for propagation delay between an apparatus (e.g., UE) and a device (e.g., BS) transmitting the configuration information. Both of the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier may not include the propagation delay.
[0245] Alternatively, in some embodiments, an offset indicative of a timing difference between a timing reference point of a first carrier (e.g., scheduling carrier in cross carrier scheduling, DL spectrum in DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling) and a timing reference point of a second carrier (e.g., scheduled carrier in cross carrier scheduling, UL spectrum in DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling) may be determined after compensating for propagation delay between an apparatus (e.g., UE) and a device (e.g., BS) transmitting the configuration information. Both of the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier may include the propagation delay.
[0246] Because both of the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier may include or may not include the propagation delay, the propagation delay may be ignored when determining the offset indicative of the timing difference between the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier, for example as shown in Equations (2) and (6) .
[0247] In the examples described above with reference to FIGs. 10 and 11, it is assumed that the frame boundaries (e.g., boundaries of symbols, slots or subframes, or frames) are timing aligned in different carriers. However, there may be cases where the frame boundaries are not timing aligned between different carriers. For example, as shown in FIGs. 12 and 13, a starting boundary of resource 0 of a first carrier (e.g., the first carriers 1210 and 1310) may not be timing aligned with a starting boundary of any resource (e.g., resource 2) of a second carrier (e.g., the second carriers 1220 and 1320) . In such cases, there may be a partial resource offset (e.g., an offset whose time length is equivalent to a portion of symbol length or a portion of slot length) between two different carriers or between DL and UL spectrums. To align the two different carriers or the DL and UL spectrums, an offset indicative of a timing difference between a timing reference point of the first carrier and a timing reference point of the second carrier may be adjusted. Examples of adjusting the offset for cross carrier scheduling are provided below and elsewhere in the present disclosure. However, it should be noted that the offset indicative of the timing difference between timing reference points of different carriers may be adjusted in a similar manner for DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling (e.g., HARQ feedback reporting) , aperiodic CSI reporting, and aperiodic SRS transmission.
[0248] As noted above, a UE may receive configuration information, at a first resource in a first carrier, for transmitting or receiving information in a second resource in a second carrier via DCI signaling. The DCI signaling, e.g., in the time domain resource assignment field, may indicate a resource offset (e.g., K0, K2 as described above) that may be used for scheduling of the transmitting or the receiving the information, e.g., the UE is scheduled to receive a PDSCH or transmit a PUSCH via DCI. After receiving the configuration information, the UE may determine the second resource in the second carrier for transmitting or receiving the information based on the configuration information. The resource (Ks) (e.g., second resource) allocated for transmitting or receiving the information (e.g., PDSCH reception or PUSCH transmission) in the scheduled carrier (e.g., second carrier) may be determined based on Equation (1) presented above.
[0249] However, given that the frame boundaries (e.g., boundaries of symbols, slots or subframes, or frames) are not timing aligned in the scheduling carrier and the scheduled carriers (e.g., first and second carriers) , an offset (e.g., offsetTimingRPs) indicative of a timing difference between timing reference points of the scheduling carrier and the scheduled carrier may be adjusted before applying the offset to Equation (1) . The offset may be adjusted based on one of Equations (9) to (11) presented below:
[0250] where:
[0251] TiningRefPointCC_scheduling is a timing reference point of a scheduling carrier;
[0252] TimingRefPointCC_scheduled is a timing reference point of a scheduled carrier; and
[0253] slot_duration is time length of a unit resource (e.g., slot) .
[0254] It should be noted that floor () in Equation (9) represents a flooring function, ceiling () in Equation (10) represents a ceiling function, and round () in Equation (11) represents a round function which rounds a number to the closest integer value.
[0255] In some embodiments where slot_duration in each carrier is the same, slot_duration is the time length of a unit resource (e.g., slot) . In some embodiments where slot_duration in each carrier is different, slot_duration is a reference time duration of a unit resource (e.g., slot) , which may be predetermined or configured. For example, slot_duration may be a reference slot time duration which may be configured as time duration of the shortest slot (i.e., shortest slot length) .
[0256] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a plurality of resources 1200 that is used to explain an example method for determining a resource allocated for transmitting or receiving the information using cross carrier scheduling, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. In the example shown in FIG. 12, it is presumed that frame boundaries (e.g., boundaries of symbols, slots or subframes, or frames) are not timing aligned in first and second carriers 1210 and 1220. For example, a starting boundary of resource 0 of the first carrier 1210 is not timing aligned with a starting boundary of any resource (e.g., resource 2) of the second carrier 1220. A first timing reference point 1215 for the first carrier 1210 and a second timing reference point 1225 for the second carrier 1220 are not timing aligned with each other.
[0257] Referring to FIG. 12, in each of the first and second carriers 1210 and 1220, there are a plurality of resources (e.g., slots) 0, 1, 2, 3, …, 9, 10, etc. As noted above, each of these resources may be a slot or a different type of resource such as frame, a sub-frame, or a symbol.
[0258] In FIG. 12, the first component carrier 1210 may cross carrier schedule the second component carrier 1220. DCI including the configuration information for a data transmission or reception may be received over a PDCCH 1212 at slot 0 of the first component carrier 1210, i.e., n = 0. The DCI may indicate a resource offset (e.g., slot offset) used for a PDSCH reception 1222 in the second component carrier 1220. Specifically, the DCI at slot 0 of the first component carrier 1210 may indicate that the slot offset K0 is 0, i.e., K0=0.
[0259] The offset offsetTimingRPs may be determined using Equation (9) . According to Equation (9) , offsetTimingRPs may be determined using a floor function. Therefore, given that the first timing reference point 1215 and the second timing reference point 1225 are approximately 2.5 slots apart from each other, offsetTimingRPs may be determined to be 2 based on Equation (9) , and assuming that the first timing reference point 1215 has a value of 0μs and therefore the second timing reference point 1225 has a value of -2.5μs and the slot duration is 1μs, i.e.,
[0260] Accordingly, assuming that there are 10 slots in a frame (i.e., slots_in_a_frame = 10) , the index of the slot allocated for the PDSCH reception 1222 in the second component carrier 1220 (i.e., scheduled component carrier 1220) is 2, based on Equation (1) , where, n = 0, K0 = 0 and offsetTimingRPs = 2, as described above, i.e., Ks= (0+0+ 2) mod 10 = 2. In other words, a data transmission over the PDSCH 1222 may be received or scheduled to be received at an apparatus (e.g., UE) at a slot 2 of the carrier 1220.
[0261] It should be noted that, in general, a PDCCH and a PDSCH are desired to be scheduled within a same slot. The floor function used in Equation (9) may enable fast transmission of PDSCH and therefore may be beneficial especially for services that are latency sensitive.
[0262] Furthermore, while the example of FIG. 12 proposed the number of slots in a frame being equal to 10, the duration of a slot being 1μs and several other specific values, it should be understood that these are specific examples and the number of slots per frame, duration of the slot and other values may be implementation specific.
[0263] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a plurality of resources 1300 that is used to explain another example method for determining a resource allocated for transmitting or receiving the information using cross carrier scheduling, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. In the example shown in FIG. 13, it is presumed that the frame boundaries (e.g., boundaries of symbols, slots or subframes, or frames) are not timing aligned in first and second carriers 1310 and 1320. For example, a starting boundary of resource 0 of the first carrier 1310 is not timing aligned with a starting boundary of any resource (e.g., resource 2) of the second carrier 1320. A first timing reference point 1315 for the first carrier 1310 and a second timing reference point 1325 for the second carrier 1320 are not timing aligned each other.
[0264] Referring to FIG. 13, in each of the first and second carriers 1310 and 1320, there are a plurality of resources (e.g., slots) 0, 1, 2, 3, …, 9, 10, etc. As noted above, each of these resources may be a slot or a different type of resources such as frame, a sub-frame, or a symbol.
[0265] In FIG. 13, the first component carrier 1310 may cross carrier schedule the second component carrier 1320. DCI including the configuration information for a data transmission or reception may be received over a PDCCH 1312 at slot 0 of the first component carrier 1310, i.e., n = 0. The DCI may indicate a resource offset (e.g., slot offset) used for a PUSCH transmission 1322 (e.g., transmitting uplink (UL) information over a PUSCH 1322) in the second component carrier 1320. Specifically, the DCI at slot 0 of the first component carrier 1310 may indicate that the slot offset K2 is 0, K2=0. In some embodiments, K2 may be indicative of a slot offset between a PDCCH transmission (e.g., PDCCH transmission 1312) and a corresponding PUSCH transmission (e.g., PUSCH transmission 1322) .
[0266] The offset offsetTimingRPs may be determined using Equation (10) . According to Equation (10) , offsetTimingRPs may be determined using a ceiling function. Therefore, given that the first timing reference point 1315 and the second timing reference point 1325 are approximately 2.5 slots apart from each other, offsetTimingRPs may be determined to be 3 based on Equation (10) , and assuming that the first timing reference point 1315 has a value of 0μs and therefore the second timing reference point 1325 has a value of -2.5μs and the slot duration is 1μs, i.e.,
[0267] Accordingly, assuming that there are 10 slots in a frame (i.e., slots_in_a_frame = 10) , the index of the slot allocated for the PUSCH transmission 1322 in the second component carrier 1320 (i.e., the scheduled component carrier 1320) is 3, based on Equation (1) , where, n = 0, K2 = 0 and offsetTimingRPs = 3, as described above, i.e., Ks= (0+0+3) mod 10 = 3. In other words, uplink (UL) information may be transmitted or scheduled to be transmitted by an apparatus (e.g., UE) over the PUSCH 1322 at slot 3 of the second carrier 1320.
[0268] Furthermore, while the example of FIG. 13 proposed the number of slot in a frame being equal to 10, the duration of a slot being 1μs and several other specific values, it should be understood that these are specific examples and the number of slots per frame, duration of the slot and other values may be implementation specific.
[0269] According to some embodiments, an offset (e.g., offsetTimingRPs) indicative of a timing difference between timing reference points of different carriers may be adjusted in a different manner. An example for this will be described below using a frame structure used in some wireless networks (e.g., 5G NR) . It is assumed that a subframe has a duration of 1ms, and for a subcarrier spacing, a first slot within a half subframe that is positioned before all other slots in the half subframe has a slot length that is longer than slot length of the other slots in the half subframe. However, it should be understood that this is a specific example and the number of slots per frame, duration of the slot and other values may be implementation specific.
[0270] As noted above, a UE may receive configuration information, at a first resource in a first carrier, for transmitting or receiving information in a second resource in a second carrier via DCI signaling. The DCI, e.g., in the time domain resource assignment field, may indicate a resource offset (e.g., K0, K2) that may be used for scheduling of the transmitting or receiving the information, e.g., the UE is scheduled to receive a PDSCH or transmit a PUSCH through DCI signaling. After receiving the configuration information, the UE may determine the second resource in the second carrier for transmitting or receiving the information based on the configuration information. The resource (Ks) (e.g., second resource) allocated for transmitting or receiving the information (e.g., PDSCH reception or PUSCH transmission) in the scheduled carrier (e.g., second carrier) may be determined based on Equation (1) presented above.
[0271] When determining Ks using Equation (1) , an offset (e.g., offsetTimingRPs) indicative of a timing difference between timing reference points of the scheduling carrier and the scheduled carrier may be adjusted based on Equation set (12) shown below:
[0272] where:
[0273] TimingRefPointCC_scheduling is a timing reference point of the scheduling carrier; and
[0274] TimingRefPointCC_scheduled is a timing reference point of the scheduled carrier;
[0275] is time length of a first slot within a half subframe (i.e., 0.5ms) that is positioned before all other slots within the half subframe;
[0276] is time length of a slot other than the first slot within the half subframe; and
[0277] is a number of slots within the half subframe.
[0278] It should be noted that floor () in Equation set (12) represents a flooring function and mod () in Equation set (12) represents modulo operation which returns the remainder or signed remainder of a division operation when a number is divided by another number.
[0279] Therefore, in some embodiments, according to Equation set (12) , an offset (e.g., offsetTimingRPs) indicative of a timing difference between timing reference points of different carriers may be adjusted based on time length of a first unit resource that is positioned before all other unit resources in a half subframe (e.g., ) , time length of a second unit resource that is different from the first unit resource in the half subframe (e.g., ) , and a number of unit resources in the half subframe (e.g., ) . The unit resource may be a slot, a symbol or other type of resources.
[0280] FIG. 14 illustrates a signal flow diagram for signalling between a base station (BS) and a UE illustrating an example process 1400 for signal transmission, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0281] The example process 1400 is comprised of steps 1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, and 1450. Some of the steps may be optional. It should be understood that, in some embodiments, the order of one or more steps 1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, and 1450 may be changed. In some embodiments, the example process 1400 described with reference to FIG. 14 may be used for cross carrier scheduling in carrier aggregation or DL spectrum and DL spectrum scheduling.
[0282] At step 1410, a BS 1401 may determine configuration information to be used for scheduling of transmitting or receiving information at a second resource in a second carrier. The configuration information is to be transmitted at a first resource in a first carrier.
[0283] In some embodiments, the configuration information may comprise a resource offset (to be) used for scheduling of the transmitting or receiving the information. In some embodiments, the resource offset may indicate a number of slots to shift in the second carrier for the transmitting or receiving the information. While slots are indicated, it may be a different sized resource, such as a frame, a sub-frame, or symbol.
[0284] In some embodiments, the BS 1401 may determine configuration information for cross carrier scheduling in carrier aggregation. The cross carrier scheduling may enable the UE 1402 to determine where on the second carrier the information is (to be) transmitted or received when the first carrier is different from the second carrier.
[0285] In some embodiments, the BS 1401 may determine configuration information for DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling. The DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling may enable the UE 1402 to determine where on the second carrier the information is (to be) transmitted or received when the first carrier is included in the DL spectrum and the second carrier is included in the UL spectrum. In some embodiments, the UL spectrum may be decoupled from the DL spectrum, when the DL spectrum is in a DL frequency-division duplexing (FDD) band and the UL spectrum is in an unpaired UL FDD band, a paired UL FDD band, or a time-division duplexing (TDD) band. In some embodiments, the UL spectrum may be decoupled from the DL spectrum, when the DL spectrum is in a first TDD band and the UL spectrum is in a UL FDD band, the first TDD band, or a second TDD band that is different from the first TDD band.
[0286] In some embodiments, step 1410 may be optional.
[0287] At step 1420, the BS 1401 may transmit, to the UE 1402, the configuration information, at the first resource in the first carrier, for transmitting or receiving information in the second resource in the second carrier.
[0288] In some embodiments, the transmitting, by the BS 1401 to the UE 1402, the configuration information may comprise transmitting DCI, which includes the configuration information, over a PDCCH. In some embodiments, the configuration information may be included in a time domain resource assignment field of the DCI.
[0289] In some embodiments, the first resource may be a slot on which the DCI is transmitted, from the BS 1401 to the UE 1402, in the first carrier. In some embodiments, a slot may be forms of a plurality of symbols.
[0290] At step 1430, the UE 1402 may determine an offset indicative of a timing difference between a timing reference point of the first carrier and a timing reference point of the second carrier. In some embodiments where such offset is a timing reference point offset, the UE 1402 may determine the timing reference point offset based on the timing reference point of the first carrier, the timing reference point of the second carrier, and time length of a unit resource in the second carrier. In some embodiments, the unit resource in the second carrier may be a slot. In some embodiments, when time length of a first slot in the second carrier is different from time length of a second slot in the second carrier, the unit resource in the second carrier is a slot with the shortest slot length in the second carrier. While a slot is indicated, it may be a different sized resource, such as a frame, a sub-frame, or symbol.
[0291] In some embodiments where unit resource boundaries of resource structure in the first carrier are misaligned with unit resource boundaries of resource structure in the second carrier, when determining the offset, the UE 1402 may adjust the timing reference point offset using a floor function, a ceiling function, or a round function. In some embodiments, the UE 1402 may adjust the timing reference point offset using a floor function when a data transmission over a PDSCH is scheduled (e.g., step 1450 is a PDSCH transmission) . In some embodiments, the UE 1402 may adjust the timing reference point offset using a ceiling function when the UE 1402 prepares (e.g., schedules) to transmit UL information over a PUSCH (e.g., step 1450 is a PUSCH transmission) .
[0292] The offset may be adjusted based on time length of a first unit resource that is positioned before all other unit resources in a half subframe, time length of a second unit resource that is different from the first unit resource in the half subframe, and a number of unit resources in the half subframe.
[0293] In some embodiments where the transmitting or receiving the information comprises a data transmission over a PDSCH, the offset is adjusted using the floor function.
[0294] In some embodiments, step 1430 may be optional.
[0295] At step 1440, the UE 1402 may determine the second resource in the second carrier for transmitting or receiving the information based on the configuration information and the offset indicative of the timing difference between the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier. In some embodiments where the second resource is a slot in the second carrier on which the information is to be transmitted or received, the UE 1402 may determine an index of the slot in the second carrier. While a slot is indicated, it may be a different sized resource, such as a frame, a sub-frame, or symbol.
[0296] In some embodiments, the second resource in the second carrier may be determined based further on at least one of an identifier for the first resource or a number of unit resources in a frame. In some embodiments, the identifier for the first resource may be an index of a slot on which the configuration information is received in the first carrier. In some embodiments, the number of unit resources in the frame may be the number of slots in the frame.
[0297] In some embodiments, at least one of the timing reference point of the first carrier or the timing reference point of the second carrier is configurable. In some embodiments, when both of the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier are configurable, configuration of the timing reference point of the first carrier and configuration of the timing reference point of the second carrier are performed independently from each other.
[0298] In some embodiments, the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier are determined before compensating for propagation delay between the UE 1402 the BS 1401, and both of the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier do not include the propagation delay. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier are determined after compensating for propagation delay between the UE 1402 the BS 1401, and both of the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier include the propagation delay.
[0299] At step 1450, the UE 1402 may transmit or receive the information on the determined second resource in the second carrier.
[0300] In some embodiments where the DCI including the configuration information is received over a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , the transmitting or receiving the information may comprise a data transmission over a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or a data transmission over a PUSCH.
[0301] In some embodiments where the DCI including the configuration information is received over a PDCCH, when the configuration information includes timing information for reporting feedback for a data transmission over a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , the transmitting or receiving the information may comprise transmitting, from the UE 1402 to the BS 1401, UCI over a PUCCH. The UCI may include the feedback for the data transmission over the PDSCH.
[0302] The embodiments described above are in the context of UEs communicating with a BS. However, more generally, devices that wirelessly communicate with each other over time-frequency resources need not necessarily be one or more UEs communicating with a BS. For example, two or more UEs may wirelessly communicate with each other over a sidelink using device-to-device (D2D) communication. As another example, two network devices (e.g., a terrestrial base station and a non-terrestrial base station, such as a drone) may wirelessly communicate with each other over a backhaul link. Embodiments are not limited to uplink and / or downlink communication. For example, in the embodiments above, the BS may be substituted with another device, such as a node in the network or a UE. The uplink / downlink communication may instead be sidelink communication.
[0303] Examples of devices (e.g., UE, BS) to perform the various methods described herein are also disclosed.
[0304] For example, a device may include a memory to store processor-executable instructions, and a processor to execute the processor-executable instructions. When the processor executes the processor-executable instructions, the processor may be caused to perform the method steps of one or more of the devices as described herein, e.g., in relation to FIGs. 1 to 4 and 14. For example, the processor may cause the device to communicate over an air interface in a mode of operation by implementing operations consistent with that mode of operation, e.g. performing necessary measurements and generating content from those measurements, as configured for the mode of operation, preparing uplink transmissions and processing downlink transmissions, e.g. encoding, decoding, etc., and configuring and / or instructing transmission / reception on RF chain (s) and antenna (s) .
[0305] Note that the expression “at least one of A or B” , as used herein, is interchangeable with the expression “A and / or B” . It refers to a list in which you may select A or B or both A and B. Similarly, “at least one of A, B, or C” , as used herein, is interchangeable with “A and / or B and / or C” or “A, B, and / or C” . It refers to a list in which you may select: A or B or C, or both A and B, or both A and C, or both B and C, or all of A, B and C. The same principle applies for longer lists having a same format.
[0306] It should be appreciated that one or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. A signal may be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. A signal may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. The respective units / modules may be hardware, software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units / modules may be an integrated circuit, such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) . It will be appreciated that where the modules are software, they may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances as required, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.
[0307] Although a combination of features is shown in the illustrated embodiments, not all of them need to be combined to realize the benefits of various embodiments of this disclosure. In other words, a system or method designed according to an embodiment of this disclosure will not necessarily include all of the features shown in any one of the figures or all of the portions schematically shown in the figures. Moreover, selected features of one example embodiment may be combined with selected features of other example embodiments.
[0308] While this disclosure has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description. It is therefore intended that the appended claims encompass any such modifications or embodiments.
Claims
1.A method for use by an apparatus for data transmission, comprising:receiving configuration information, at a first resource in a first carrier, for transmitting or receiving information in a second resource in a second carrier;determining the second resource in the second carrier for transmitting or receiving the information based on the configuration information and an offset indicative of a timing difference between a timing reference point of the first carrier and a timing reference point of the second carrier; andtransmitting or receiving the information on the determined second resource in the second carrier.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the method is used for:cross carrier scheduling in carrier aggregation; ordownlink (DL) spectrum and uplink (UL) spectrum scheduling.3.The method of claim 2, wherein the cross carrier scheduling enables the apparatus to determine where on the second carrier the information is transmitted or received when the first carrier is different from the second carrier.4.The method of claim 2, wherein the DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling enables the apparatus to determine where on the second carrier the information is transmitted or received when the first carrier is included in the DL spectrum and the second carrier is included in the UL spectrum.5.The method of claim 4, wherein the UL spectrum is decoupled from the DL spectrum:when the DL spectrum is in a DL frequency-division duplexing (FDD) band and the UL spectrum is in an unpaired UL FDD band, a paired UL FDD band, or a time-division duplexing (TDD) band; orwhen the DL spectrum is in a first TDD band and the UL spectrum is in a UL FDD band, the first TDD band, or a second TDD band that is different from the first TDD band.6.The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the second resource in the second carrier is determined based further on at least one of:an identifier for the first resource; ora number of unit resources in a frame.7.The method of claim 6, wherein the identifier for the first resource is an index of a slot on which the configuration information is received in the first carrier.8.The method of claim 6 or 7, wherein the number of unit resources in the frame is the number of slots in the frame.9.The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the receiving the configuration information comprises receiving downlink control information (DCI) over a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , the DCI including the configuration information.10.The method of claim 9, wherein the configuration information is included in a time domain resource assignment field of the DCI.11.The method of claim 9 or 10, wherein the first resource is a slot on which the DCI is received in the first carrier.12.The method of any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the transmitting or receiving the information comprises:a data transmission over a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) ; ora data transmission over a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) .13.The method of any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein when the configuration information includes timing information for reporting feedback for a data transmission over a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , the transmitting or receiving the information comprises:transmitting uplink control information (UCI) over a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) , the UCI including the feedback for the data transmission over the PDSCH.14.The method of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the configuration information comprises a resource offset used for scheduling of the transmitting or receiving the information.15.The method of claim 14, wherein the resource offset indicates a number of slots to shift in the second carrier for the transmitting or receiving the information.16.The method of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein at least one of the timing reference point of the first carrier or the timing reference point of the second carrier is configurable.17.The method of claim 16, wherein when both of the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier are configurable, configuration of the timing reference point of the first carrier and configuration of the timing reference point of the second carrier are performed independently from each other.18.The method of claim 16 or 17, wherein the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier are determined before compensating for propagation delay between the apparatus and a device transmitting the configuration information, and both of the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier do not include the propagation delay.19.The method of claim 16 or 17, wherein the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier are determined after compensating for propagation delay between the apparatus and a device transmitting the configuration information, and both of the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier include the propagation delay.20.The method of any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the offset is a timing reference point offset, the method further comprises:determining the timing reference point offset based on the timing reference point of the first carrier, the timing reference point of the second carrier, and time length of a unit resource in the second carrier.21.The method of claim 20, wherein the unit resource in the second carrier is a slot.22.The method of claim 21, wherein when time length of a first slot in the second carrier is different from time length of a second slot in the second carrier, the unit resource in the second carrier is a slot with the shortest slot length in the second carrier.23.The method of any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein unit resource boundaries of resource structure in the first carrier are misaligned with unit resource boundaries of resource structure in the second carrier, the determining the offset includes:adjusting the offset using a floor function, a ceiling function, or a round function.24.The method of claim 23, wherein the offset is adjusted based on time length of a first unit resource that is positioned before all other unit resources in a half subframe, time length of a second unit resource that is different from the first unit resource in the half subframe, and a number of unit resources in the half subframe.25.The method of claim 23 or 24, wherein the transmitting or receiving the information comprises a data transmission over a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , the offset is adjusted using the floor function.26.The method of any one of claims 23 to 25, wherein the transmitting or receiving the information comprises transmitting UL information over a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , the offset is adjusted using the ceiling function.27.The method of any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein the second resource is a slot in the second carrier on which the information is to be transmitted or received, and determining the second resource includes determining an index of the slot in the second carrier.28.An apparatus for data transmission, comprising:a processor; anda computer-readable medium having stored thereon, computer executable instructions, that when executed cause the processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 27.29.A method for use by an apparatus for supporting data transmission, comprising:transmitting configuration information, at a first resource in a first carrier, for transmitting or receiving information in a second resource in a second carrier;wherein the configuration information and an offset indicative of a timing difference between a timing reference point of the first carrier and a timing reference point of the second carrier are used to determine the second resource in the second carrier used for transmitting or receiving the information.30.The method of claim 29, wherein the method is used for:cross carrier scheduling in carrier aggregation; ordownlink (DL) spectrum and uplink (UL) spectrum scheduling.31.The method of claim 30, wherein when the method is used for the cross carrier scheduling, the method further comprises:determining the configuration information to be used for scheduling of the transmitting or receiving the information when the first carrier is different from the second carrier.32.The method of claim 30, wherein when the method is used for the DL spectrum and UL spectrum scheduling, the method further comprises:determining the configuration information to be used for scheduling of the transmitting or receiving the information when the first carrier is included in the DL spectrum and the second carrier is included in the UL spectrum.33.The method of claim 32, wherein the UL spectrum is decoupled from the DL spectrum:when the DL spectrum is in a DL frequency-division duplexing (FDD) band and the UL spectrum is in an unpaired UL FDD band, a paired UL FDD band, or a time-division duplexing (TDD) band; orwhen the DL spectrum is in a first TDD band and the UL spectrum is in a UL FDD band, the first TDD band, or a second TDD band that is different from the first TDD band.34.The method of any one of claims 29 to 33, wherein at least one of an identifier for the first resource at which the configuration information is transmitted, or a number of unit resources in a frame is further used to determine the second resource in the second carrier used for transmitting or receiving the information.35.The method of claim 34, wherein the identifier for the first resource is an index of a slot on which the configuration information is transmitted in the first carrier.36.The method of claim 34 or 35, wherein the number of unit resources in the frame is the number of slots in the frame.37.The method of any one of claims 29 to 36, wherein the transmitting the configuration information comprises transmitting downlink control information (DCI) over a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , the DCI including the configuration information.38.The method of claim 37, wherein the configuration information is included in a time domain resource assignment field of the DCI.39.The method of claim 37 or 38, wherein the first resource is a slot on which the DCI is transmitted in the first carrier.40.The method of any one of claims 37 to 39, wherein the transmitting or receiving the information comprises:a data transmission over a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) ; ora data transmission over a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) .41.The method of any one of claims 37 to 39, wherein when the configuration information includes a timing information for reporting feedback for a data transmission over a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , the transmitting or receiving the information comprises:receiving uplink control information (UCI) over a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) , the UCI including the feedback for the data transmission over the PDSCH.42.The method of any one of claims 29 to 41, wherein the configuration information comprises a resource offset used for scheduling of the transmitting or receiving the information.43.The method of claim 42, wherein the resource offset indicates a number of slots to shift in the second carrier for the transmitting or receiving the information.44.The method of any one of claims 29 to 43, wherein at least one of the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier are configurable.45.The method of claim 44, wherein when both of the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier are configurable, configuration of the timing reference point of the first carrier and configuration of the timing reference point of the second carrier are performed independently from each other.46.The method of claim 44 or 45, wherein the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier are determined before compensating for propagation delay between the apparatus and a device receiving the configuration information, and both of the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier do not include the propagation delay.47.The method of claim 46, wherein the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier are determined after compensating for propagation delay between the apparatus and a device receiving the configuration information, and both of the timing reference point of the first carrier and the timing reference point of the second carrier include the propagation delay.48.The method of any one of claims 29 to 47, wherein the offset is a timing reference point offset, the timing reference point offset is determined based on the timing reference point of the first carrier, the timing reference point of the second carrier, and time length of a unit resource in the second carrier.49.The method of claim 48, wherein the unit resource in the second carrier is a slot.50.The method of claim 49, wherein when time length of a first slot in the second carrier is different from time length of a second slot in the second carrier, the unit resource in the second carrier is a slot with the shortest slot length in the second carrier.51.The method of any one of claims 48 to 50, wherein unit resource boundaries of resource structure in the first carrier are misaligned with unit resource boundaries of resource structure in the second carrier, and wherein when the offset is determined, the timing reference point offset is adjusted using a floor function, a ceiling function, or a round function.52.The method of claim 51, wherein the offset is adjusted based on time length of a first unit resource that is positioned before all other unit resources in a half subframe, time length of a second unit resource that is different from the first unit resource in the half subframe, and a number of unit resources in the half subframe.53.The method of claim 51 or 52, wherein the transmitting or receiving the information comprises a data transmission over a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , the offset is adjusted using the floor function.54.The method of any one of claims 15 to 53, wherein the transmitting or receiving the information comprises receiving UL information over a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , the offset is adjusted using the ceiling function.55.The method of any one of claims 29 to 54, wherein the second resource is a slot in the second carrier on which the information is to be transmitted or received, and wherein when the second resource is determined, an index of the slot in the second carrier is determined.56.An apparatus for supporting data transmission, comprising:a processor; anda computer-readable medium having stored thereon, computer executable instructions, that when executed cause the processor to perform the method of any one of claims 29 to 55.57.A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, wherein the computer readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform any one of claims 1 to 27 and 29 to 55.