Deep-drawing or wall-ironing device and deep-drawing or wall-ironing method with ultrasonic superimposition
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-15
AI Technical Summary
Current deep-drawing and ironing processes with ultrasonic superimposition are limited to laboratory setups and cannot be effectively transferred to industrial processes due to the use of separate ultrasonic transducers and low, constant drawing speeds, which are impractical for conventional presses with varying speed profiles.
A deep-drawing or ironing device with integrated piezoelectric actuator units and biasing elements within the die, stamp, and counter-holder units to generate ultrasonic vibrations directly at the active points, allowing for robust vibration modes at high drawing speeds typical of industrial presses.
Enables reduced process forces, increased drawing limits, improved surface quality, and reduced friction, leading to enhanced component deformation and reduced residual stresses, making it suitable for industrial applications with complex geometries and new materials.
Smart Images
Figure IB2024056714_16012025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] Deep drawing or ironing device and deep drawing or ironing process with ultrasonic superposition
[0002] The present invention relates to a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device with a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing tool with a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction, which has a die unit, a punch unit and optionally a counter-holder unit, and at least one ultrasonic transducer device with at least one piezoelectric actuator unit and a pretensioning device for the piezoelectric actuator unit, wherein the respective piezoelectric actuator unit is installed in the die unit and / or in the punch unit and / or in the counter-holder unit to form a stack arrangement comprising an active part of the die unit, the punch unit or the counter-holder unit, the piezoelectric actuator unit and a counter-mass of the die unit, the punch unit or the counter-holder unit.The invention further relates to a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing method with a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing tool with a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction, which has a die unit, a punch unit and optionally a counter-holder unit, wherein a vibration is applied to the die unit and / or the punch unit and / or the counter-holder unit by at least one ultrasonic transducer device with at least one piezoelectric actuator unit and a pretensioning device for the piezoelectric actuator unit, wherein the respective piezoelectric actuator unit is installed in the die unit and / or in the punch unit and / or in the counter-holder unit to form a stack arrangement comprising an active part of the die unit, the punch unit or the counter-holder unit, the piezoelectric actuator unit and a counter-mass of the die unit, the punch unit or the counter-holder unit.
[0003] One approach to expanding the process limits in deep drawing is the targeted introduction of ultrasonic vibrations into the process. However, the applications known to date are limited to laboratory setups.
[0004] For example, in Sang Woo Kim and Young Seon Lee (2014) "Investigations on the Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration in Cylindrical Cup Drawing Processes," Key Engineering Materials Vols. 622-623 (Vols. 622-623): 1152-7, the effect of ultrasound on deep drawing of steel at a low and constant drawing speed of 0.5 mm / s is investigated. A laboratory setup for vibration excitation is presented, consisting of four ultrasonic transducers that excite a thin plate with an integrated die. As a result, the deep drawing forces could be reduced with the introduction of ultrasound, and correspondingly higher limiting drawing ratios could be achieved. In this specific case, the effects are attributed to tribological surface effects.
[0005] In Wen T., Gao R., Chen X. (2012) "Influence of high frequency vibration on deep drawing process of AZ31 sheet at room temperature", J. Shanghai Jiaotong Univ. (Sei.) 17(4):456-60, a laboratory setup for deep drawing with a longitudinally vibrating punch and an ultrasonic transducer positioned above the punch is described. The deep drawing of magnesium is investigated with a superposition of 15 kHz and amplitudes of up to 3 pm at a very low and constant drawing speed of 0.05 mm / s.
[0006] In Jimma T., Kasuga Y., Iwaki N., Miyazawa O., Mori E., Ito K., Hatano H. (1998) "An application of ultrasonic vibration to the deep drawing process," Journal of Materials Processing Technology 80-81:406-12, the radial excitation of the die and blank holder is presented. This can significantly increase the limiting draw ratio of stainless steel. Here, too, low and constant deep drawing speeds of 1.3 mm / s to 11.7 mm / s are used.
[0007] In Huang YM, Wu YS, Huang JY (2014) "The influence of ultrasonic vibration-assisted micro-deep drawing process", Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 71 (5-8): 1455-51, it is shown that positive effects can be achieved in the deep drawing of thin stainless foils. The limiting draw ratio is increased and friction is reduced. The test setup used consists of a tension-compression testing machine and an ultrasonic transducer, which causes the die to vibrate at approximately 20 kHz with maximum amplitudes of 8.6 pm. The deep drawing speed is constant and very low at 0.2 mm / s.
[0008] In Malekipour E., Heidary H., Majd NS, Mazdak S., Sharifi E. (2020) "Effect of resonant frequency variation on the ultrasonically assisted deep drawing process: numerical and experimental study", Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 106(5-6):2243-64, an oscillator for a die with amplitude amplification and a transducer is designed. The focus is on investigating the effects of the process on the vibration properties of the overall system. Here, too, reductions in forming forces and increases in the possible degrees of deformation can be achieved. The applied deep drawing speed is constant and very low at 0.17 mm / s.
[0009] What all the presented studies have in common is that they are purely laboratory investigations with corresponding setups. The tests, as described, are carried out using testing machines in which the respective ultrasonic transducer is positioned at a distance from the active parts of the device, and at very low and, above all, constant drawing speeds. This means that the testing machines used move at a constant speed over the entire stroke. However, this is impractical, since conventional presses produce speed profiles similar to a sine function along the stroke. The deep drawing speed is zero at the top and bottom dead centers and passes through a speed maximum in between, which is typically above 100 mm / s. The known laboratory methods are therefore not transferable to industrial processes.
[0010] Furthermore, in all the publications cited above, vibration generation is achieved using separate ultrasonic transducers, each of which is mounted externally on a machine component. Thus, these are exclusively laboratory setups without the possibility of application in real industrial processes with the already exhausted space-specific conditions.
[0011] It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a mechanically stable deep-drawing or ironing-sliding drawing device that enables deep-drawing with vibration superposition at typical deep-drawing speeds and speed profiles. The sound velocities introduced into the process by the deep-drawing or ironing-sliding drawing device should be at or above the magnitude of the deep-drawing speeds.
[0012] The object is achieved by a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device with a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing tool with a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction, which has a die unit, a punch unit and optionally a counter-holder unit, and at least one ultrasonic transducer device with at least one piezoelectric actuator unit and a pre-tensioning device for the piezoelectric actuator unit, wherein the respective piezoelectric actuator unit is installed in the die unit and / or in the punch unit and / or in the counter-holder unit to form a stack arrangement comprising an active part of the die unit, the punch unit or the counter-holder unit, the piezoelectric actuator unit and a counter-mass of the die unit, the punch unit or the counter-holder unit,wherein the prestressing device comprises a plurality of prestressing elements distributed around the piezoelectric actuator unit and / or a prestressing element guided through a through-opening formed in the piezoelectric actuator unit.
[0013] The fact that the deep-drawing or ironing device optionally has a counter-holder unit means that it can have a counter-holder unit, but does not have to.
[0014] In the present invention, the die unit and / or the punch unit and / or the optionally present counter-holder unit each has an active part and a counter mass, wherein the piezoelectric actuator unit is arranged between the active part and the counter mass and the counter mass, the piezoelectric actuator unit and the active part are stacked.
[0015] In the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device according to the invention, one or more piezoelectric actuator units acting as ultrasonic transducers are integrated into the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing tool of the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device.
[0016] In the present invention, the piezoelectric actuator unit(s) is / are prestressed by the prestressing elements distributed around the piezoelectric actuator unit(s), which can be, for example, prestressing bolts or screws, and / or by the prestressing element passing centrally through the piezoelectric actuator unit(s), which can be, for example, a central sleeve or a central bolt or a central screw. For example, the respective piezoelectric actuator unit of the deep-drawing or ironing-sliding device according to the invention can have an actuator stack consisting of several piezoelectric actuators with supply electrodes arranged between the respective actuators and led to the outside. The piezoelectric actuators convert an electrical control corresponding to the respective operating frequency into mechanical vibrations.The actuators as well as the supply electrodes can, for example, be ring-shaped.
[0017] In the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device according to the invention, the actuators of the at least one piezoelectric actuator unit are each attached directly to an active part of the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing tool, whereby the vibrations generated by the at least one piezoelectric actuator unit are coupled into the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device near the respective active point.
[0018] While the laboratory testing machines described above are not machine tools or mechanical or servo presses, the deep-drawing or ironing device is an actual press with the high and non-constant deep-drawing speeds typical of conventional presses. This means that the deep-drawing or ironing device of the present invention typically operates at deep-drawing speeds exceeding 500 mm / s with a sinusoidal velocity profile along the stroke.
[0019] In contrast to the laboratory testing machines mentioned above, where there is enough time to build up an oscillation and the speed of the oscillation can be low in accordance with the low deep-drawing speed in order to achieve effects, deep drawing with the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device according to the invention is a sudden process in which the at least one piezoelectric actuator unit is exposed to strong mechanical loads and in which, furthermore, the deflection and frequency of the ultrasonic oscillation must be adapted to the high deep-drawing speed.
[0020] The deep-drawing or ironing-sliding device according to the invention meets both requirements by being very robustly designed due to its compact, squat structure with the actuators close to the active point. As a result, a robust vibration mode is excited close to the respective active point in the deep-drawing or ironing-sliding device according to the invention. As a result, the generated vibration mode is hardly detuned by influences such as process loads, temperature changes, or assembly fluctuations, since the degrees of freedom of the vibration mode are minimized in the present invention.
[0021] Accordingly, in the case of the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device according to the invention, the probability that an undesired vibration shape, i.e. a vibration mode different from that required on the active part, is generated by the piezoelectric excitation is minimized in comparison to the known laboratory testing machines.
[0022] In the present invention, several thin actuators are preferably used as an actuator stack with alternatingly polarized electrodes between them for electrical voltage supply. This configuration achieves the required field strengths with relatively low electrical voltages.
[0023] The respective piezoelectric actuator unit causes at least one active part of the deep-drawing or ironing tool to vibrate, which comes into contact with a workpiece at at least one active point and performs a relative movement to the workpiece. According to the invention, active parts, such as the die of the die unit and / or a punch of the punch unit and / or a counterholder of the counterholder unit, can be vibrated. Simultaneous excitation of several of the active parts is also possible.
[0024] Preferably, the longitudinal direction of these vibrations lies relative to the deep-drawing movement between the punch unit and the die unit. A longitudinal vibration of a confined solid body is always accompanied by a transverse vibration component (quasi-longitudinal vibration), so that other vibration components arise from this alone. Furthermore, in the present invention, the respective piezoelectric actuator unit(s) can also be integrated into the deep-drawing or ironing tool in such a way that vibration directions other than the drawing direction can also be specifically generated and utilized.Furthermore, the prevailing direction of vibration at the at least one active point of the active part(s), i.e., the punch of the punch unit and / or the die of the die unit and / or the counterholder of the counterholder unit, of the deep-drawing or ironing device, is not determined solely by the direction of the vibration excitation. The mechanical structure located between the piezoelectric actuator unit and the at least one active point of the active parts influences the effective direction of vibration in the at least one active point through its geometry and the distributions of stiffness, mass, and damping therein. Thus, with the present invention, vibration directions and their amplitudes can be specifically modified between the vibration excitation and the active point.
[0025] Vibration superposition reduces process forces during deep drawing and extends the drawing limits of materials. Ultrasonic superposition with reduced forces and reduced friction can provide advantages in terms of the resulting component quality. This allows for improved distribution of wall thicknesses, degrees of deformation, and residual stresses, as well as reduced springback.
[0026] In conjunction with the improved tribology, advantages arise in the surface quality of the components. Roughness can be reduced, which allows the requirements of specific functional surfaces to be met. This applies, for example, to manufactured sealing surfaces or the improved influence of roughness on component strength.
[0027] The fatigue strength of components is also strongly influenced by the residual stress distribution. This can be improved by using the invention, reducing residual stress peaks and thus increasing the fatigue strength of components.
[0028] The present invention provides an industrially usable forming tool. The intended purpose of the invention is its use in progressive composite and transfer tools. By integrating the ultrasonic transducer device into at least one of the aforementioned tool components or active parts, the deep-drawing or ironing-sliding device can be designed to be compact overall, so that the very limited installation space available for the deep-drawing or ironing-sliding device can be used effectively. Furthermore, the ultrasonic transducer device of the deep-drawing or ironing-sliding device according to the invention is protected by its installation in at least one of the aforementioned tool components or active parts, so that the deep-drawing or ironing-sliding device as a whole has a high degree of robustness and operational stability.The deep-drawing or ironing device can easily be designed to be compatible with existing tool and machine standards.
[0029] The extent of the effects achievable with the deep-drawing or ironing-sliding device according to the invention depends primarily on the relationship between the deep-drawing speed and the maximum acoustic velocity. The acoustic velocity is the instantaneous speed at which the vibrating particles oscillate around their rest position, and changes its magnitude and direction according to the excited frequency. The maximum acoustic velocity results from the product of the particle deflection and the excited angular frequency. References to acoustic velocity in the following refer to the maximum acoustic velocity.
[0030] Both speeds must be at least of the same magnitude, or the sound velocity should be higher than the drawing speed. Typical stroke rates in the relevant deep-drawing or ironing tools are above 40 strokes / min for transfer tools and above 100 strokes / min for progressive tools, with stroke lengths in the millimeter and single-digit centimeter ranges. This results in a technically reasonable range of vibrations to be introduced, starting at frequencies of 15 kHz and amplitudes in the single-digit, preferably double-digit pm range. The effects can be enhanced with increased vibration parameters.
[0031] The deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device according to the invention is particularly suitable for multi-stage deep-drawing with ultrasonic superposition, resulting in considerable technological and economic advantages in the context of ecological sustainability orientation.
[0032] Expanding the process limits / drawing ratios creates the potential to achieve higher degrees of deformation at individual stages, enabling more complex geometries or, optionally, eliminating process stages. This also provides greater flexibility in terms of component size and press selection. Furthermore, new materials that were previously difficult to form can potentially be developed for multi-stage deep-drawing technology.
[0033] With regard to lubricants, the present invention can enable a reduction in lubricant quantities and, in the case of stainless materials, the transition from previously chlorinated oils to chlorine-free deep-drawing oil grades. The risk of thermally induced coking of the lubricant used, as well as thermally induced discoloration, is reduced. Such optical quality characteristics are sometimes crucial for the process stability of subsequent processes, for example, in assembly. If deep-drawn components are optically scanned, optical defects can be extremely disruptive. This also includes tribologically induced surface defects, which can also be minimized by the invention.
[0034] In order to integrate the piezoelectric actuator unit into the die unit, the die unit can, for example, have a die, the respective piezoelectric actuator unit and a die counterweight in the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction of the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing tool, one after the other, wherein the prestressing device has prestressing bolts or screws arranged around the die unit and aligned parallel to the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction, which are screwed into a pressure transmission element movable parallel to the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction and resting on the die counterweight.
[0035] Alternatively or in addition, the pretensioning device can also be arranged parallel to the deep drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction in a central bore of the piezoelectric actuator unit.
[0036] By tensioning the preload device, pressure can be applied to the piezoelectric actuators via the pressure transmission element, thereby preloading them. If the piezoelectric actuator unit is then supplied with an alternating voltage via its electrodes, the piezoelectric actuators of the piezoelectric actuator unit oscillate mechanically. These mechanical oscillations are transmitted directly to the die unit. In order to specifically couple oscillations into the active point of the process, natural eigenmodes are excited at their natural resonance, thus creating standing waves (resonance excitation). Typically, usable eigenmodes lie in the ultrasound frequency range due to the mass and stiffness distribution of the structures in question and can also be optimized and adapted through design measures. An eigenmode is characterized by areas of the so-called vibration antinodes with maximum deflection and, at the same time, minimal strain.Opposite regions with minimal mechanical deflection and maximum mechanical strain are called vibration nodes.
[0037] It has been shown that the placement of the respective piezoelectric actuator unit acting as a vibration transducer determines the achievable vibration parameters. Therefore, in particularly advantageous embodiments of the present invention, the actuators of the respective piezoelectric actuator unit are positioned near a vibration node for the eigenmode to be excited. The mechanical direction of action of the actuators lies in the direction of the dominant strain of the vibration mode at the position of the actuators.
[0038] If the prestressing device has prestressing elements distributed around the piezoelectric actuator unit, it is advantageous if the pressure transmission element presses against a lateral projection of the die counterweight in the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction and the die has a lateral projection that borders on a stop of a tool block of the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing tool, wherein the two lateral projections have a distance in the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction from a vibration node of the piezoelectric actuator unit installed in the die unit that is less than one-eighth of a wavelength of a eigenmode of the die unit excited by the piezoelectric actuator unit. The wavelength of the resonant oscillation generated by the piezoelectric actuator unit is referred to below as A.
[0039] In this embodiment of the invention, the preload of the piezoelectric actuator unit is introduced via the two lateral projections near the vibration node. By appropriately positioning the vibration node, the vibration can be decoupled from the environment and unwanted vibration transmission to other machines and tool components of the deep-drawing or ironing device can be avoided. In this embodiment of the invention, the entire oscillator encompasses half a wavelength of the excited resonant longitudinal vibration. Advantages of excitation at resonance include, for example, the possibility of spatially separating the actuators from the active point of the process, maintaining a relatively high structural rigidity, and the high efficiency for generating the vibration amplitudes at the active point of the process.
[0040] Another possibility for decoupling the vibration from the environment is to provide appropriate decoupling geometries.
[0041] In order to transmit the mechanical vibrations generated by the actuators of the piezoelectric actuator unit to the tool components of the deep-drawing or ironing device to be excited, the piezoelectric actuator unit must be preloaded with compression. The preload must be sufficiently high to prevent the individual actuators of the piezoelectric actuator unit from lifting off each other. Furthermore, it should be ensured that the applied preload acts homogeneously on the vibration transducer.
[0042] The latter is achieved in the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention by the fact that the two lateral projections are each curved rims that extend away from the piezoelectric actuator unit. The stiffness distribution between the curved rims and the contact surfaces to the piezoelectric actuator unit is designed to accommodate deformations and direct the force flow to the piezoelectric actuator unit in such a way that a homogeneous distribution of the preload is achieved. This largely prevents an inhomogeneous distribution of the preload, which could lead to local overloading of the components of the piezoelectric actuator unit or to local lifting of the components of the piezoelectric actuator unit.Accordingly, this embodiment of the invention can prevent local relative movements of the components of the piezoelectric actuator unit, which can affect both their fatigue strength and their effectiveness and cause high power losses with associated temperature increases. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the punch unit comprises a punch and a threaded punch extension extending away from the die unit in the deep-drawing or ironing direction, to which the respective piezoelectric actuator unit, a pressure element, and a preload nut acting as the preload device are mounted.
[0043] Preferably, the stamping unit has a laterally projecting connection to a tool block of the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing tool, which is arranged in or in a range of one eighth of the wavelength of the respective eigenmode of the stamping unit excited by the piezoelectric actuator unit around the oscillation node of the respective eigenmode excited in the stamping unit.
[0044] In the present invention, the eigenmode is understood to mean the respectively excited or operated eigenmode of the active part, on which the ultrasonic vibration is superimposed by means of the respective piezoelectric actuator unit.
[0045] To supply the actuators of the respective piezoelectric actuator unit with an alternating electrical voltage at the desired excitation frequency, an ultrasonic generator is used in the deep-drawing or ironing-sliding device according to the invention. The excitation frequency is close to the resonance frequency of the eigenmode to be excited. The resonance frequency depends within certain ranges on influences such as temperature and the applied process force. In order to always excite within a favorable operating frequency range and with high efficiency, it is advantageous if the generator has a frequency control. This allows the output excitation frequency to track the variable resonance frequency of the system.
[0046] Preferably, the ultrasonic power of the deep-drawing or ironing-sliding device according to the invention is also controlled, so that the desired amplitudes can be introduced into the process regardless of the load. Due to the process speed during deep-drawing, which is typically several hundred strokes per minute or more than 500 mm / s, and the associated load changes, it is advantageous if the frequency and amplitude are controlled with correspondingly higher dynamics. To control the vibration amplitude and track the excitation frequency, it is therefore advantageous if the actual vibration in the tool can be recorded in terms of frequency and amplitude.This is realized in a particularly advantageous embodiment of the present invention in that the respective piezoelectric actuator unit is stacked with a piezoelectric sensor unit to form a piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit, which is respectively installed in the die unit and / or in the punch unit and / or in the counterholder unit.
[0047] This embodiment of the invention enables an indirect measurement, which allows conclusions to be drawn about the vibration at the point of action. The piezoelectric sensor unit can, assuming the correct excited eigenmode, provide the actual values for the vibration at the point of action. Piezoceramics within the ultrasonic transducer device, from which a voltage signal can be tapped, can be used as piezoelectric sensors for this sensor unit.
[0048] The amplitude of the sensor signal can be used to adjust the power required to control the amplitude. The phase between the sensor signal and the generator's excitation signal can be used to adjust the excitation frequency to the resonant frequency.
[0049] In a simplified and alternative embodiment of the invention, a sensor in the ultrasonic transducer device can be omitted. In this case, the excitation frequency can be controlled based on the phase between current and voltage at the ultrasonic transducer device. In such a simplified embodiment of the invention, the amplitude can be controlled via the applied power. However, this does not allow a constant amplitude to be maintained; instead, only a power setting can be implemented, which results in a specific amplitude and which depends on the applied disturbances.
[0050] The object is further achieved by a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing process with a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing tool having a die unit, a punch unit and optionally a counter-holder unit, wherein an ultrasonic transducer device having at least one piezoelectric actuator unit and a pre-tensioning device for the piezoelectric actuator unit applies a vibration to the die unit and / or the punch unit and / or the counter-holder unit, wherein the respective piezoelectric actuator unit is installed in the die unit and / or in the punch unit and / or in the counter-holder unit to form a stack arrangement comprising an active part of the die unit, the punch unit or the counter-holder unit, the piezoelectric actuator unit and a counter-mass of the die unit, the punch unit or the counter-holder unit,wherein a bias voltage is applied to the piezoelectric actuator unit by means of a plurality of bias elements arranged distributed around the piezoelectric actuator unit and / or a bias element guided through a through-opening of the piezoelectric actuator unit.
[0051] The above-mentioned advantages of the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device according to the invention also apply to the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing process according to the invention.
[0052] In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the die unit has, in a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction, a die, the respective piezoelectric actuator unit and a die counterweight, wherein the pretensioning device has pretensioning bolts or screws arranged around the die unit and aligned parallel to the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction, which are screwed into a pressure transmission element pressing against the die counterweight, wherein the pressure transmission element presses against a lateral projection of the die counterweight in the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction and the die has a lateral projection which strikes a stop of a tool block of the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing tool, and wherein the two lateral projections in the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction are at a distance from a vibration node of a eigenmode,which is excited by the piezoelectric actuator unit built into the matrix unit, which is smaller than one-eighth of the wavelength of the eigenmode of the matrix unit excited by the piezoelectric actuator unit.
[0053] In a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the stamping unit has a stamp and a stamp extension which runs counter to a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction of the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device and has a thread, to which the respective piezoelectric actuator unit, a pressure element and a preload nut acting as the preload device are applied, wherein the stamping unit has a laterally projecting connection to a tool block of the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device, which is arranged in the vibration node of the piezoelectric actuator unit built into the stamping unit.
[0054] Particularly preferably, vibrations are detected with at least one piezoelectric sensor unit installed in the die unit and / or in the punch unit and / or in the counterholder unit.
[0055] The values recorded by the piezoelectric sensor unit can be used directly for process control, particularly for controlling the sound velocity. On the one hand, the sound velocity should not be set too high, as this would result in thermal losses, which could lead to, for example, welding. On the other hand, the sound velocity should not be set too low, as otherwise the ultrasonic superposition would not have any effect on the deep-drawing process.
[0056] During a working stroke in deep drawing, only a portion of the total cycle time is allocated to the actual forming process. The invention therefore provides the possibility of pulsed operation of the ultrasound introduction. Thus, in a further embodiment of the method according to the invention with the at least one ultrasonic transducer device, vibrations are coupled into the deep-drawing or ironing tool only during a time period of actual forming. These vibrations are reduced or switched off during idle periods. The pulse width of the ultrasound coupling can range from 0% to 100% of the cycle time.
[0057] The applied ultrasonic power can be varied over the cycle time and the pulse width of the ultrasonic coupling. The ultrasonic power and the resulting amplitude can thus be tailored to the process requirements with regard to the expected effects. This avoids unnecessary heat input into the deep-drawing or ironing tool due to the power loss of the ultrasonic transducer device. Advantageous embodiments of the present invention are explained in more detail below with reference to figures, wherein
[0058] Figure 1 schematically shows a section of an embodiment of the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device according to the invention in a cross-sectional view;
[0059] Figure 2 schematically shows a section of a further embodiment of the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device according to the invention in a cross-sectional view;
[0060] Figure 3 schematically shows a section of a further embodiment of the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device according to the invention in a cross-sectional view
[0061] Figure 4 shows a variant of a structure of a piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit that can be used in the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device according to the invention and the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing method according to the invention;
[0062] Figure 5 schematically shows a die unit of a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device according to the invention with a piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit installed in the die unit in a cross-sectional view, wherein the actuator unit is clamped externally and forms an oscillator comprising half a wavelength (λ / 2) with the die unit;
[0063] Figure 6 schematically shows a die unit of a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device according to the invention with a piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit installed in the die unit in a cross-sectional view, wherein the actuator unit is clamped internally and forms an oscillator comprising half a wavelength (λ / 2) with the die unit;
[0064] Figure 7 schematically shows a die unit of a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device according to the invention with a piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit installed in the die unit in a cross-sectional view, wherein the actuator unit is clamped externally and forms an oscillator comprising a full wavelength (A) with the die unit;
[0065] Figure 8 schematically shows a stamping unit of a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device according to the invention with a piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit installed in the stamping unit in a cross-sectional view, wherein the actuator unit is clamped with a preload nut and forms an oscillator comprising half a wavelength (λ / 2) with the stamping unit; and
[0066] Figure 9 schematically shows a stamping unit of a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device according to the invention with a piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit installed in the stamping unit in a cross-sectional view, wherein the actuator unit is clamped with a preload nut and forms an oscillator comprising a full wavelength (A) with the stamping unit.
[0067] Figure 1 schematically shows a section of a deep-drawing or ironing device 1 designed according to the present invention. The deep-drawing or ironing device 1 has a die unit 2 with a die 21 and a die counterweight 22. In a deep-drawing or ironing direction T of the deep-drawing or ironing device 1, a first piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3 is located between the die 21 and the die counterweight 22. The die 21 forms an active part of the die unit 2, and the die counterweight 22 forms a counterweight of the die unit 2.
[0068] The first piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3 has piezoelectric actuators 31 and supply electrodes 32 for electrically controlling the piezoelectric actuators 31. The piezoelectric actuators 31 and the supply electrodes 32 form a piezoelectric actuator unit 30.
[0069] Furthermore, in the deep-drawing or ironing direction T, a piezoelectric sensor unit 39, as shown, for example, in Figure 5, is arranged between the die 21 and the die counterweight 22, comprising a piezoelectric sensor 33 and associated signal electrodes 34 for electrically transmitting the sensor signals of the piezoelectric sensor 33. The piezoelectric sensor 33 and the signal electrodes 34 form the piezoelectric sensor unit 39.
[0070] An insulator ring 38 is arranged between the piezoelectric actuator unit 30 and the piezoelectric sensor unit 39. Furthermore, each piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3, 3', 3" (see also Figures 2 and 3) is enclosed on both sides by an insulator ring 38.
[0071] The first piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3 is a component of a first ultrasonic transducer device of the deep-drawing or ironing-sliding device 1.
[0072] The first ultrasonic transducer device further comprises a biasing device for biasing the piezoelectric actuators 31 as well as the piezoelectric sensors 33.
[0073] In the embodiment shown, the pretensioning device comprises a plurality of pretensioning bolts or screws 5 distributed around the die unit 2. The pretensioning bolts or screws 5 are each guided parallel to the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction T through a tool block 11 of the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device 1. The pretensioning bolts or screws 5 are further screwed into a pressure transmission element 51 that can be adjusted parallel to the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction T.
[0074] By tightening the preload bolts or screws 5, the pressure transmission element 51 is pressed against the die counterweight 22, which in turn presses against the piezoelectric sensor 33, which in turn presses against the piezoelectric actuators 31. This applies a preload to both the piezoelectric sensor 33 and the piezoelectric actuators 31.
[0075] If an alternating voltage is now applied to the supply electrodes 32, mechanical vibrations of the piezoelectric actuators 31 occur. The amplitude and frequency of these mechanical vibrations are detected by the piezoelectric sensor 33, whose sensor signals are transmitted via the signal electrodes 34 to a control unit (not shown here) of the deep-drawing or ironing device 1. The generated mechanical vibrations are ultrasonic vibrations. These vibrations are transmitted directly to the die unit 2. Thus, in the embodiment shown, the die 21 in particular vibrates parallel to the deep-drawing or ironing direction T.
[0076] In other embodiments of the present invention not shown, the piezoelectric actuators 31 can also be arranged differently, so that the vibrations generated by them act in a direction other than the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction T and thus the die 21 vibrates in the correspondingly other direction.
[0077] In the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 1, the die counterweight 22 has a lateral projection 221. The pressure transmission element 51 presses against this lateral projection 221 parallel to the deep-drawing or ironing direction T.
[0078] In addition, the die 21 has a lateral projection 211, which adjoins a stop 111 of a tool block 11 of the deep-drawing or ironing device 1. The lateral projections 211, 221 are spaced apart from one another in the deep-drawing or ironing direction T.
[0079] As can also be seen from Figure 1, the deep-drawing or ironing device 1 has an ejector 8 running through the die unit 2, a counter-holder unit 4 holding a workpiece 9 to be formed against the die 21 and a punch unit 7 movable relative to the die unit 2.
[0080] The punch unit 7 has a punch 71 with a threaded punch extension 72 extending away from the die unit 2 in the deep-drawing or ironing direction T. A second piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3' is mounted on the punch extension 72. The second piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3' is part of a second ultrasonic transducer device of the deep-drawing or ironing device 1. The second piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3' is preloaded by means of a preload nut 6 screwed onto a thread of a pressure element 61 seated on the punch extension 72.
[0081] The stamp 71 forms an active part of the stamp unit 7, and the pressure element 61 forms a counterweight of the stamp unit 7.
[0082] The stamping unit 7 has a laterally projecting connection 73 to a tool block 12 of the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing tool.
[0083] Figure 2 shows schematically a section of a further embodiment of a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device T according to the invention in a cross-sectional view.
[0084] The deep-drawing or ironing device T has a die unit 2, which is designed like the die unit 2 of the deep-drawing or ironing device 1 from Figure 1. Therefore, with regard to the die 2 and the pretensioning device and piezoelectric actuator and sensor units 3, 3' integrated therein, reference is made to the above description of Figure 1.
[0085] The deep-drawing or ironing device T further comprises a punch unit 7', which, with the exception of the punch 7T, is designed identically to the punch unit 7 of the deep-drawing or ironing device 1 from Figure 1. The punch 7T is longer than the punch 71 of the deep-drawing or ironing device 1 because it runs through a counter-holder unit 4' that is larger than the counter-holder unit 4 from Figure 1. Therefore, with regard to the features of the punch unit 7', reference is also made to the above description of the similarly designated features of the punch unit 7 of the deep-drawing or ironing device 1 from Figure 1. This particularly applies to the pretensioning device, which is also integrated in the punch unit 7', and the piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3', which is also integrated in the punch unit 7'.
[0086] In the stamping unit 7', the stamp 7T forms an active part of the stamping unit 7', and the pressure element 61 forms a counterweight of the stamping unit 7'. In contrast to the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device 1, the counterholder unit 4' of the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device T has a third piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3" integrated therein. The third piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3" is arranged between a counterholder counterweight 41 of the counterholder unit 4' and a counterholder 42 of the counterholder unit 4', which are spaced apart from one another in the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction T by the third piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3".
[0087] The counterholder 42 forms an active part of the counterholder unit 4', and the counterholder countermass 41 forms a countermass of the counterholder unit 4'.
[0088] The third piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3" comprises, like the first piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3 described above, piezoelectric actuators 31 and supply electrodes 32 for electrically controlling the piezoelectric actuators 31. The piezoelectric actuators 31 and the supply electrodes 32 form a piezoelectric actuator unit 30.
[0089] Furthermore, in the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction T, a piezoelectric sensor unit 39, as shown, for example, in Figure 5, is arranged between the counter-holder counterweight 41 and the counter-holder 42, with a piezoelectric sensor 33 and associated signal electrodes 34 for electrically transmitting the sensor signals of the piezoelectric sensor 33. The piezoelectric sensor 33 and the signal electrodes 34 form the piezoelectric sensor unit 39.
[0090] An insulator ring 38 is arranged between the piezoelectric actuator unit 30 and the piezoelectric sensor unit 39.
[0091] The third piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3 is a component of a third ultrasonic transducer device of the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device T.
[0092] The third ultrasonic transducer device further comprises a pretensioning device for pretensioning the piezoelectric actuators 31 built into the counterholder unit 4' as well as the piezoelectric sensors 33 built therein. In the embodiment shown, the pretensioning device comprises a plurality of pretensioning bolts or screws 5 distributed around the counterholder countermass 41 and the counterholder 42. In the embodiment shown, the pretensioning bolts or screws 5 are each guided parallel to the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction T through tool blocks 1T, 11" of the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device T arranged one above the other. The pretensioning bolts or screws 5 connect the tool blocks 1T, 11" to one another.
[0093] By tightening the preload bolts or screws 5, the tool blocks 1 T, 11" are moved towards each other, whereby a preload is applied to the elements of the piezoelectric actuator unit 30 and the piezoelectric sensor unit 39 located therebetween.
[0094] If an alternating voltage is now applied to the supply electrodes 32 of the third ultrasonic transducer device, mechanical vibrations of the piezoelectric actuators 31 occur. The amplitude and frequency of these mechanical vibrations are detected by the piezoelectric sensor 33, whose sensor signals are forwarded by the signal electrodes 34 to a control unit of the deep-drawing or ironing-sliding device T (not shown here).
[0095] The generated mechanical vibrations are ultrasonic vibrations. These vibrations are transmitted directly to the counterholder unit 4'. This allows the counterholder 42 of the deep-drawing or ironing device T to oscillate parallel to the deep-drawing or ironing direction T.
[0096] In other embodiments of the present invention not shown, the piezoelectric actuators 31 of the third ultrasonic transducer device can also be arranged differently, so that the vibrations generated by them act in a direction other than the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction T and thus the counter-holder unit 4' vibrates in the correspondingly other direction.
[0097] A spring assembly 90 is clamped between the upper surface of the upper tool block 11 and the tool block 12, in which the punch unit 7 is arranged. The counterholder 42 presses with its underside against the side areas of a workpiece 9.
[0098] In the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 2, the counter-holder counter mass 41 has a lateral projection 411. The upper tool block 11" presses with its stop 112 against this lateral projection 411 parallel to the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction T.
[0099] In addition, the counterholder 42 has a lateral projection 421 which adjoins a stop 113 of the lower tool block 1 T of the deep-drawing or ironing device T. The lateral projections 411, 421 are spaced apart from one another in the deep-drawing or ironing direction T.
[0100] Figure 3 shows schematically a section of a further embodiment of a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device 1" designed according to the invention in a cross-sectional view.
[0101] The deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing tool of the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device 1" is designed similarly to the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing tool of the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device 1 from Figure 1. Therefore, if no explicit differences between the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing devices 1, T, 1" are stated below, the above statements regarding the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing devices 1, T also apply to the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device 1".
[0102] In contrast to the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing devices 1, T, the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device 1" has a stamping unit 7" in which no piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3' is provided.
[0103] The die unit 2' of the deep-drawing or ironing device 1" has a die 2T and a die counterweight 22', between which a piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3 is arranged. The deep-drawing or ironing device 1" therefore contains only one ultrasonic vibration transducer in the lower tool section for exciting the vibration of the die 2T. The piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3 arranged below the die 2T causes the die 2T to vibrate, thereby reducing the process force.
[0104] The die 21' has, on its side facing the piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3, a lateral projection 211' in the form of a rim bent away from the piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3. Furthermore, the die countermass 22' has, on its side facing the piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3, a lateral projection 221' in the form of a rim bent away from the piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3.
[0105] The deep-drawing or ironing device 1" also has an air cooling system with corresponding connections 10 in the lower part of the tool.
[0106] Figure 4 schematically shows a possible structure of a piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3. The piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3' or 3" can be designed in the same way.
[0107] The piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3 shown comprises a piezoelectric actuator unit 30 and a piezoelectric sensor unit 39 stacked on top of it. In other embodiments, as in Figure 1, the piezoelectric actuator unit 30 can also be stacked on top of the piezoelectric sensor unit 39. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the piezoelectric actuator unit 30 is a stack arrangement of two annular piezoelectric actuators 31, which are electrically contacted by annular supply electrodes 32 arranged between and to the side of the piezoelectric actuators 31. In the embodiment shown, the piezoelectric sensor unit 39 comprises a stack arrangement of an annular piezoelectric sensor 33 with annular signal electrodes 34 arranged on both sides thereof, by means of which the piezoelectric sensor 33 is electrically contacted.An insulator ring 38 is arranged between the piezoelectric actuator unit 30 and the piezoelectric sensor unit 39 as well as on both outer sides thereof.
[0108] Figure 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the die unit 2 of the deep-drawing or ironing device 1 during operation of the piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3. In the embodiment of Figure 5, the length of the die unit 2 in the deep-drawing or ironing direction corresponds to TA / 2. A is the wavelength of the resonant oscillation generated by the piezoelectric actuator unit 30 of the piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3. The piezoelectric actuator unit 30 is arranged at A / 4, i.e., at a vibration node.The two lateral projections 211, 221, which are formed on both sides of the piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3 in the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction T, have a distance from a vibration node 35 of the piezoelectric actuator unit 30 that is less than A / 8, i.e. less than one eighth of the wavelength A of the eigenmode of the die unit 2 excited by the piezoelectric actuator unit 30.
[0109] In the embodiment shown in Figure 5, the lateral projection 221 rests on a support, which here is formed by a surface of the pressure transmission element 51 of the deep-drawing or ironing-sliding device 1 from Figure 1. The arrows P, P' schematically illustrate the pressure exerted by the preload bolts or screws 5 of the deep-drawing or ironing-sliding device 1 on the piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3.
[0110] In the illustration shown in Figure 5, the strain is marked with 36 and the amplitude of the oscillation with 37.
[0111] Figure 6 shows a die unit 2' of a further embodiment of a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device according to the invention schematically in a cross-sectional view during operation of the piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3. In this embodiment of the invention, the actuator and sensor unit 3 is clamped internally.
[0112] In the embodiment shown, the internal stress is applied to the piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3 by a central sleeve 52 having a thread. For this purpose, the central sleeve 52 is inserted into a through-opening 99 of the piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3. The length of the die unit 2' in the deep-drawing or ironing direction T corresponds to A / 2. The piezoelectric actuator unit 30 is arranged at A / 4, i.e., at a vibration node.
[0113] In this embodiment of the invention, a lateral projection 211 is formed only on the die 21. This lateral projection 211 is placed on a support 51'. The lateral projection 211 is spaced from a vibration node 35 of the piezoelectric actuator unit 30 of the piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3 by a distance that is less than A / 8, i.e., less than one-eighth of the wavelength A of the eigenmode of the die unit 2' excited by the piezoelectric actuator unit 30.
[0114] In the illustration shown in Figure 6, the strain is marked with 36 and the amplitude of the oscillation with 37.
[0115] Figure 7 shows a die unit 2" of a further embodiment of a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device according to the invention schematically in a cross-sectional view during operation of the piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3. In this embodiment of the invention, the actuator and sensor unit 3 can be clamped both internally and externally.
[0116] In the embodiment shown, the internal stress is applied to the piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3 through a central sleeve 52 with a thread. For this purpose, the central sleeve 52 is inserted into a through-opening 99 of the piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3. The applied pressure is schematically illustrated by the arrows Q, Q'.
[0117] In the embodiment shown, the external tension is applied by preload bolts or screws 5, such as those used, for example, in the deep-drawing or ironing-sliding device 1 of Figure 1. The pressure applied externally to the piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3 is schematically illustrated by the arrows P, P'. The length of the die unit 2" in the deep-drawing or ironing-sliding direction T corresponds to a full wavelength A. The piezoelectric actuator unit 30 is arranged at A / 4, i.e., at a vibration node.
[0118] In this embodiment of the invention, two lateral projections 211, 231 are formed on the die 21 of the die unit 2". The upper of the two lateral projections 231 rests on a support 51". The pressure P, P' exerted by the externally arranged preload bolts or screws 5 acts on the lower of the two lateral projections 211 as well as on a lateral projection 221 formed on the die counterweight 22. The lateral projections 211, 221, 231 each have a distance from a vibration node 35 of the piezoelectric actuator unit 30 of the piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit 3 that is less than A / 8, i.e. less than one eighth of the wavelength A of the eigenmode of the matrix unit 2" excited by the piezoelectric actuator unit 30.
[0119] In the illustration shown in Figure 7, the strain is marked with 36 and the amplitude of the oscillation with 37.
[0120] Figure 8 schematically shows an embodiment of a stamping unit 7 of a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device 1, which is designed according to the present invention, during the operation of a second actuator and sensor unit 3' installed in the stamping unit 7.
[0121] The stamp unit 7 has a length of A / 2.
[0122] The stamping unit 7 has a stamp 71 and a stamp extension 72 extending in the deep-drawing or ironing direction T, away from a die unit 2, shown, for example, in Figure 1. A piezoelectric actuator unit 30 of the second actuator and sensor unit 3', a pressure element 61, and a preload nut 6 acting as the preloading device, screwed onto the stamp extension 72, are applied to the stamp extension 72.
[0123] As shown in Figure 8, the connection 73 is arranged at the vibration node 35' of the punch unit 7. In the illustration shown in Figure 8, the strain is marked with 36' and the amplitude of the vibration with 37'.
[0124] Figure 9 schematically shows a further embodiment of a stamping unit 7' of a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device, which is designed according to the present invention, during the operation of a second actuator and sensor unit 3' installed in the stamping unit 7'.
[0125] The stamp unit 7' has a length of one full wavelength A.
[0126] The stamp unit 7' has a stamp 71 1and a threaded punch extension 72 extending in the deep-drawing or ironing direction, away from a die unit 2 shown, for example, in Figure 1. A piezoelectric actuator unit 30 of the second actuator and sensor unit 3', a pressure element 61, and a preload nut 6 acting as the preload device and screwed onto the punch extension 72 are applied to the punch extension 72.
[0127] As shown in Figure 9, the connection 73 is arranged in the vibration node 35' of the piezoelectric actuator unit 30 built into the stamping unit 7'.
[0128] In the illustration shown in Figure 9, the strain is marked with 36' and the amplitude of the oscillation with 37'.
Claims
AMENDED CLAIMS received by the International Bureau on 25 November 2024 (25.11.2024) 1. Deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device (1, T, 1") with a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing tool with a deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction (T), which has a die unit (2, 2'), a punch unit (7, 7', 7") and optionally a counter-holder unit (4, 4'), and at least one ultrasonic transducer device with at least one piezoelectric actuator unit (30) and a pre-tensioning device for the piezoelectric actuator unit (30), wherein the respective piezoelectric actuator unit (30) is respectively inserted into the die unit (2, 2', 2") and / or into the punch unit (7, 7', 7") and / or into the counter-holder unit (4, 4') to form a stack arrangement of an active part of the die unit (2, 2', 2"), the punch unit (7, 7', 7") or the counterholder unit (4, 4'), the piezoelectric actuator unit (30) and a countermass of the die unit (2, 2', 2"), the punch unit (7, 7', 7") or the counterholder unit (4, 4'),characterized in that the prestressing device comprises a plurality of prestressing elements distributed around the piezoelectric actuator unit (30) and / or a prestressing element guided through a through-opening (99) formed in the piezoelectric actuator unit (30), wherein the prestressing element is a central sleeve (52).
2. Deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the die unit (2, 2', 2") has a die (21, 2T), the respective piezoelectric actuator unit (30) and a die counterweight (22, 22') in the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction (T) one after the other, wherein the pre-tensioning device has pre-tensioning bolts or screws (5) arranged around the die unit (2, 2', 2") and aligned parallel to the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction (T), which pre-tensioning bolts or screws are screwed into a pressure transmission element (51) which is movable parallel to the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction (T) and rests on the die counterweight (22, 22').
3. Deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device according to claim 2, characterized in that the pressure transmission element (51) in the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction (T) against a lateral projection (221, 22V) of the die counterweight (22, 22') and the die (21, 21') has a lateral projection (211, 211') which adjoins a stop (111) of a tool block (11) of the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing tool, wherein the two lateral projections (211, 211', 221, 221') are at a distance in the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction (T) from a vibration node (35) of the piezoelectric actuator unit (30) installed in the die unit (2, 2', 2"), which distance is less than one eighth of a wavelength (A) of a eigenmode of the die unit (2, 2', 2") excited by the piezoelectric actuator unit (30).
4. Deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device according to claim 3, characterized in that the two lateral projections (211', 221') are each curved rims away from the piezoelectric actuator unit (30).
5. Deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the punch unit (7, 7', 7") has a punch (71, 71') and a punch extension (72) which runs in the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction (T), away from the die unit (2) and has a thread, to which the respective piezoelectric actuator unit (30), a pressure element (61) and a preload nut (6) acting as the preload device are applied.
6. Deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device according to claim 5, characterized in that the punch unit (7, 7', 7") has a laterally projecting connection (73) to a tool block (12) of the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing tool, which is arranged in or in a range of one eighth of the wavelength of the respective eigenmode of the punch unit (7, 7', 7") excited by the piezoelectric actuator unit (30) around the oscillation node (35') of the respective eigenmode excited in the punch unit (7, 7', 7").
7. Deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the respective piezoelectric actuator unit (30) is stacked with a piezoelectric sensor unit (39) to form a piezoelectric actuator and sensor unit (3, 3', 3"), which is respectively integrated into the die unit (2, 2', 2") and / or is installed in the stamp unit (7, 7', 7") and / or in the counterholder unit (4, 4').
8. Deep drawing or ironing sliding drawing method with a deep drawing or ironing sliding drawing tool with a deep drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction (T), which has a die unit (2, 2', 2"), a punch unit (7, 7', 7") and optionally a counterholder unit (4, 4'), wherein a vibration is applied to the die unit (2, 2', 2") and / or the punch unit (7, 7', 7") and / or the counterholder unit (4, 4') by at least one ultrasonic transducer device with at least one piezoelectric actuator unit (30) and a pretensioning device for the piezoelectric actuator unit (30), wherein the respective piezoelectric actuator unit (30) is respectively integrated into the die unit (2, 2', 2") and / or into the punch unit (7, 7', 7") and / or into the counterholder unit (4, 4') to form a stacking arrangement from an active part of the die unit (2, 2', 2"), the punch unit (7, 7', 7") or the counterholder unit (4, 4'),the piezoelectric actuator unit (30) and a counter mass of the die unit (2, 2', 2"), the punch unit (7, 7', 7") or the counter-holder unit (4, 4'), characterized in that a prestress is applied to the piezoelectric actuator unit (30) by a plurality of prestressing elements distributed around the piezoelectric actuator unit (30) and / or by a prestressing element guided through a through-opening (99) formed in the piezoelectric actuator unit (30), wherein the prestressing element is a central sleeve (52).
9. Deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing method according to claim 8, characterized in that the die unit (2, 2', 2") has, in the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction (T), one after the other, a die (21, 21'), the respective piezoelectric actuator unit (30) and a die counterweight (22, 22'), wherein the pre-tensioning device has pre-tensioning bolts or screws (5) arranged parallel to the die unit (2, 2', 2"), which are screwed into a pressure transmission element (51) pressing against the die counterweight (22, 22'), wherein the pressure transmission element (51) in the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction (T) against a lateral projection (221, 221') of the die counterweight (22, 22') and the die (21, 21') has a lateral projection (211, 211') which is connected to a stop (111) of a tool block (11) of the deep-drawing or ironing tool tool, and wherein the two lateral projections (211, 211', 221, 22V) in the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction (T) have a distance from an oscillation node (35) of a eigenmode which is excited by the piezoelectric actuator unit (30) built into the die unit (2, 2', 2"), which is smaller than one eighth of the wavelength (λ) of the eigenmode of the die unit (2, 2', 2") respectively excited by the piezoelectric actuator unit (30).
10. Deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the punch unit (7, 7', 7") has a punch (71, 71') and a punch extension (72) running counter to the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing direction (T) and having a thread, to which the respective piezoelectric actuator unit (30), a pressure element (61) and a preload nut (6) acting as the preload device are applied, wherein the punch unit (7, 7', 7") has a laterally projecting connection (73) to a tool block (12) of the deep-drawing or ironing sliding drawing tool, which connection is arranged in the vibration node (35') of the piezoelectric actuator unit (30) built into the punch unit (7, 7', 7").
11. Deep drawing or ironing sliding drawing process according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that vibrations are detected by at least one piezoelectric sensor unit (39) installed in the die unit (2, 2', 2") and / or in the punch unit (7, 7', 7") and / or in the counterholder unit (4, 4').
12. Deep drawing or ironing sliding drawing method according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that with the at least one ultrasonic transducer device, vibrations are coupled into the deep drawing or ironing sliding drawing tool only in a time range of an actual forming by the deep drawing or ironing sliding drawing tool.