Antibodies or antigen-binding fragments binding to nkg2a and uses thereof
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ELPISCIENCE (SUZHOU) BIOPHARMA LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-29
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Figure CN2024098762_26122024_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ANTIBODIES OR ANTIGEN-BINDING FRAGMENTS BINDING TO NKG2A AND USES THEREOFTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments binding to NKG2A, polynucleotides, vectors, host cells, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. The present disclosure also relates to uses of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments.BACKGROUND
[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and do not necessarily constitute prior art.
[0003] Immuno-oncology has emerged as a revolution in cancer treatment. Unprecedented improvements in tumor control have been achieved with therapeutic blocking antibodies that release immune inhibitory ‘checkpoints’ (immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs) . However, only a minority of patients respond to these immunotherapies. Identification of predictive biomarkers for therapy response is subject of vigorous research at the moment and multiple factors have been determined. Among these factors are the number of T cells in the tumor and the total mutational load of tumor cells, indicating that ICIs depend on natural immunity targeting neoantigens presented by HLA molecules (van Hall T, André P et al., J Immunother Cancer. 2019 Oct 17; 7 (1) : 263. )
[0004] NKG2A, also known as KLRC1 (killer cell lectin like receptor C1) in human, belongs to NKG2 family, which is a group of transmembrane proteins expressed on both T and NK cells. This family of proteins is characterized by the type II membrane orientation and the presence of a C-type lectin domain. NKG2A is expressed at the cell surface as a heterodimer with CD94 (killer cell lectin like receptor D1, also called KLRD1) in humans and mice and recognizes the non-classical class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) molecules human leukocyte antigen (HLA) -E in humans and Qa-1b in mice. Binding of NKG2A / CD94 to its cognate ligand inhibits T and NK cell effector functions (Le Dréan et al., 1998, Rapaport et al., 2015) .SUMMARY
[0005] For the above-mentioned purpose, the disclosure is related to an antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof. The antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof can improve immune response (e.g., innate immune response) . In addition, the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof can be used in diagnosis, prevention or treatment for oncology-related disease (e.g., cancer therapy) , an inflammation or autoimmunity disease, and an infectious disease.
[0006] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the VH comprises complementarity determining regions HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3 having an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 36, RIDPANXNTKYAPNFQG (SEQ ID NO: 37) and SEQ ID NO: 38, respectively; X is G or A; and the VL comprises complementarity determining regions LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3 having an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 39, 40 and 41, respectively.
[0007] In one embodiments, the VH and the VL are selected from the following: a) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 10, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 11; b) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 12, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 13; c) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 14, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 15; d) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 16, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 17; e) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 18, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 19; f) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 20, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 21; g) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 22, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 23; h) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 24, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 25; i) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 26, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 27; j) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 28, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 29; k) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 30, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 31; l) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 32, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 33; m) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 34, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 35; n) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 42, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 13; o) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 43, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 29.
[0008] In some embodiments, the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof doesn’ t bind to or barely binds to NKG2E (killer cell lectin like receptor C3, KLRC3) .
[0009] In some embodiments, the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof improves immune response (e.g., innate immune response) .
[0010] In some embodiments, the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof blocks the interaction between NKG2A / CD94 heterodimer and MHC-1 (major histocompatibility complex, class I) molecule, e.g., HLA-E (major histocompatibility complex, class I, E) .
[0011] In some embodiments, the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof improves the lysis of HLA-E expressing cells (e.g., HLA-E expressing tumor cells) .
[0012] In some embodiments, the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof increases the response of natural killing (NK) cells (e.g., NKG2A expressing NK cells) .
[0013] In some embodiments, the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof reverses the inhibition of T cell responses, such as NKG2A / HLA-E mediated inhibition of T cell responses. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment activate T cells, including, but without limitation, by activating NFAT (Nuclear factor of activated T-cells) signaling.
[0014] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides an antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to a peptide as shown in SEQ ID NO: 8.
[0015] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a binding site comprising an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 8.
[0016] In another aspect, the present disclosure is related to an isolated polynucleotide encoding the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided above.
[0017] In another aspect, the present disclosure is related to an isolated vector comprising the polynucleotide described above.
[0018] In another aspect, the present disclosure is related to a host cell comprising the isolated polynucleotide or the isolated vector described above.
[0019] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the isolated polynucleotide, the isolated vector, or the host cell, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0020] In another aspect, provide herein is the use of the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the isolated polynucleotide, the isolated vector, the host cell or the pharmaceutical composition in the manufacture of a therapeutic agent in the diagnosis, prevention or treatment for a disease.
[0021] In another aspect, provide herein is a method of diagnosing, preventing or treating a subject having an oncology-related disease, an inflammation or autoimmunity disease, or an infectious disease, comprising administrating to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the isolated polynucleotide, the isolated vector, the host cell or the pharmaceutical composition provided above.
[0022] In some embodiments, the method comprises enhancing immune response or reducing adverse effect. In some embodiments, the disease is ameliorated by the stimulation of immune cells.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] The following is a brief description of the drawings, which are presented for the purposes of illustrating the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein and not for the purposes of limiting the same.
[0024] Figure 1 shows the binding activity detected by FACS of cAb017, Tab1, Tab2, Tab3 and isotype hIgG4 to CHOK1-hNKG2A / CD94 cells.
[0025] Figure 2 shows the binding activity detected by FACS of cAb017, Tab1, Tab2, Tab3 and isotype hIgG4 to CHOK1-cynoNKG2A / CD94 cells.
[0026] Figure 3 shows the binding activity detected by FACS of cAb017, Tab1, Tab2, Tab3 and isotype hIgG4 to NK92 cells.
[0027] Figure 4A shows the binding specificity detected by FACS to cAb017, Tab1, Tab2, Tab3 and isotype hIgG4 to CHOK1-hNKG2A / CD94 cells.
[0028] Figure 4B shows the binding of cAb017, Tab1, Tab2, Tab3, positive control (an NKG2E-recognized antibody) and human IgG4 isotype to NKG2E detected by ELISA assay, the concentration of each testing antibody is 200 nM, 20 nM, 2 nM, 0 nM, from left to right.
[0029] Figure 5 shows the blocking activities of cAb017, Tab1, Tab2, Tab3 and isotype hIgG4 binding to CHOK1-NKG2A / CD94 cells.
[0030] Figure 6 shows the effect of cAb017, Tab1, Tab2, Tab3 and isotype hIgG4 in NK92 mediated cytotoxicity detected by FACS.
[0031] Figure 7A and 7B show the effects of cAb017, Tab1, Tab2, Tab3 and isotype hIgG4 in CD107a degranulation in NKG2A+ or NKG2A-NK cells, respectively.
[0032] Figure 8 shows the effects of cAb017, Tab1, Tab2, Tab3 and isotype hIgG4 on primary NK mediated cytotoxicity.
[0033] Figure 9 shows the functional activity of cAb017, Tab1, Tab2, Tab3 and isotype hIgG4 for reversing the inhibition of NFAT signaling in a NKG2A / CD94-expressing Jurkat cell line stimulated by CHO / OKT3 / HLA-E.
[0034] Figure 10 shows the functional activity of cAb017 and Tab1 for activating NFAT signaling in a NKG2C / CD94 / DAP12-expressing Jurkat cell line. hIgG4 is human IgG4 isotype.
[0035] Figure 11 shows the binding activity detected by FACS of cAb017, H17. H28, H17. H29, H17. H30 and isotype hIgG4 to 293T-hNKG2A / CD94 cells.
[0036] Figure 12 shows the activity of cAb017 and cAb017 derived humanized variant H17. H28, H17. H29, H17. H30 to block the interaction between NKG2A / CD94 and HLA-E assessed by competitive FACS.
[0037] Figure 13 shows the binding activity detected by FACS of cAb017 and cAb017 derived humanized variant H17. H68, H17. H69, H17. H70, H17. H71, H17. H72, H17. H73, H17. H74, H17. H75, H17. H76 and isotype hIgG4 to 293T / NKG2A / CD94 cells.
[0038] Figure 14A and 14B show the functional activity of cAb017 and cAb017 derived humanized variant H17. H28, H17. H68, H17. H69, H17. H70, H17. H71, H17. H72, H17. H73, H17. H74, H17. H75, H17. H76 and isotype hIgG4 for reversing the inhibition of NFAT signaling in a NKG2A / CD94-expressing Jurkat cell line stimulated by CHO / OKT3 / HLA-E.
[0039] Figure 15 shows the binding activity detect by FACS of cAb017 and cAb017 derived humanized variant H17. H28. H17. H68, H17. H69, H17. H70, H17. H71, H17. H72, H17. H73, H17. H74, H17. H75, H17. H76 and isotype hIgG4 to 293T / NKG2A / CD94 cells.
[0040] Figure 16 shows the functional activity of cAb017, cAb017 derived humanized variant (H17. H28, H17. H68, H17. H69, H17. H70, H17. H71, H17. H72) , hIgG4, and cell only (from left to right) for activating NFAT signaling in a NKG2C / CD94 / DAP12-expressing Jurkat cell line.
[0041] Figure 17 shows the functional activity of cAb017, cAb017 derived humanized variant (H17. H28, H17. H73, H17. H74, H17. H75, H17. H76) , hIgG4, and cell only (from left to right) for activating NFAT signaling in a NKG2C / CD94 / DAP12-expressing Jurkat cell line.
[0042] Figure 18 shows the functional activity of cAb017, H17. H73, hot spot removed variant H17. H73. DR02, H17. H28, hot spot removed variant H17. H28. DR02, hIgG4, and Jurkat only (from left to right) for activating NFAT signaling in a NKG2C / CD94 / DAP12-expressing Jurkat cell line.
[0043] Figure 19 A and B show the functional activity of cAb017 and Tab1 for activating NK cells activity in NKG2C+ population. hIgG4 is human IgG4 isotype.
[0044] Figure 20 shows the effect of cAb017, H73. DR02 and H28. DR02 in NK92 mediated cytotoxicity assay.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0045] The present disclosure is explained in greater detail below. This description is not intended to be a detailed catalog of all the different ways in which the invention may be implemented, or all the features that may be added to the instant invention. For example, features illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be incorporated into other embodiments, and features illustrated with respect to a particular embodiment may be deleted from that embodiment. In addition, numerous variations and additions to the various embodiments suggested herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the instant disclosure which do not depart from the instant invention. Hence, the following description is intended to illustrate some particular embodiments of the invention, and not to exhaustively specify all permutations, combinations and variations thereof.
[0046] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the disclosure pertains. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the practice for testing of the present disclosure, the preferred materials and methods are described herein. In describing and claiming the present disclosure, the following terminology will be used.
[0047] An antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof
[0048] Provided herein is a novel antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment contains a heavy chain variable region (VH) containing complementarity determining regions HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3, and a light chain variable region (VL) containing complementarity determining regions LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3, wherein HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3 contain amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NO: 36, RIDPANXNTKYAPNFQG (SEQ ID NO: 37) and SEQ ID NO: 38, respectively; LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3 contain amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 39, 40 and 41, respectively.
[0049] In some embodiments, X is G or A. In some embodiments, X is G. In some embodiments, X is A.
[0050] As used herein, “antibody” refers to a polypeptide of the immunoglobulin (Ig) family that binds with an antigen. For example, a naturally occurring “antibody” of the IgG type is a tetramer comprising at least two heavy (H) chains and two light (L) chains inter-connected by disulfide bonds. Each heavy chain is comprised of a heavy chain variable region (abbreviated herein as VH) and a heavy chain constant region. The heavy chain constant region is comprised of three domains, CH1, CH2 and CH3. Each light chain is comprised of a light chain variable region (abbreviated herein as VL) and a light chain constant region (abbreviated herein as CL) . The light chain constant region is comprised of one domain. The VH and VL regions can be further subdivided into regions of hypervariability, termed complementarity determining regions (CDR) , interspersed with regions that are more conserved, termed framework regions (FR) . Each VH and VL is composed of three CDRs and four FRs arranged from amino-terminus to carboxy-terminus in the following order: FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, FR4. The variable regions of the heavy and light chains contain a binding domain that interacts with an antigen. See generally, Fundamental Immunology, Ch. 7 (Paul, W., ed., 2nd ed. Raven Press, N.Y. (1989) ) .
[0051] The term “antigen-binding fragment” refers to an antibody fragment including Fab, F (ab) 2, Fab’ , F(ab’ ) 2, Fv, domain antibodies (dAb) , other monovalent and divalent fragments, complementarity determining region (CDR) fragments, single-chain antibodies (e.g., scFv, scFab, and scFabAC) , chimeric antibodies, diabodies, triabodies, minibodies, nanobodies, and polypeptides that contain at least a portion of an antibody that is sufficient to confer specific antigen binding to the polypeptide, and fusions and derivatives of the foregoing. The antigen-binding fragment may be produced by recombinant DNA techniques or by enzymatic or chemical cleavage of intact antibodies. See, e.g., Holliger and Hudson, Nature Biotechnology 23: 1126-1136 (2005) and Hust et al., BMC Biotech 7: 14 (2007) .
[0052] In some embodiments, for purpose of producing humanized antibody with CDR grafting method, the CDRs are defined using Kabat definition except heavy chain CDR1, which is defined using a combination of Kabat and Chothia systems.
[0053] Kabat and Chothia systems are known to these skilled in the art, see, for example, Kabat E A, Wu T T, Perry H M, et al., Sequence of Proteins of Immunological Interest [J] . 1991. Chothia, C. et al., (1987) J. Mol. Biol. 196: 901‐917. Al‐lazikani et al., (1997) J. Molec. Biol. 273: 927‐948.
[0054] In some embodiments, HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3 contain amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 36, RIDPANXNTKYAPNFQG (SEQ ID NO: 37) and 38, respectively, X is G; LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3 contain amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 39, 40 and 41, respectively.
[0055] In some embodiments, HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3 contain amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 36, RIDPANXNTKYAPNFQG (SEQ ID NO: 37) and 38, respectively, X is A; LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3 contain amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 39, 40 and 41, respectively.
[0056] The amino acid in the disclosure is shown in standard single-letter code, which is well-known to those skilled in the art.
[0057] In some embodiments, the VH and the VL are selected from the following:
[0058] a) the VH including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 10, and the VL including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 11;
[0059] b) the VH including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 12, and the VL including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 13;
[0060] c) the VH including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 14, and the VL including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 15;
[0061] d) the VH including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 16, and the VL including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 17;
[0062] e) the VH including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 18, and the VL including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 19;
[0063] f) the VH including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 20, and the VL including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 21;
[0064] g) the VH including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 22, and the VL including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 23;
[0065] h) the VH including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 24, and the VL including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 25;
[0066] i) the VH including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 26, and the VL including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 27;
[0067] j) the VH including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 28, and the VL including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 29;
[0068] k) the VH including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 30, and the VL including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 31;
[0069] l) the VH including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 32, and the VL including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 33;
[0070] m) the VH including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 34, and the VL including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 35;
[0071] n) the VH including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 42, and the VL including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 13;
[0072] o) the VH including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 43, and the VL including an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 29.
[0073] The identity percentage of two amino acid sequences is determined by dividing the number of the same residues by the total number of the amino acid residues and multiplying the quotient by 100 to obtain a percentage. Gaps are excluded when assessing identity. Therefore, two copies of completely identical sequences have 100%identity, but sequences with deletion, addition or replacement may have a lower degree of identity. A person skilled in the art will recognize that there are several computer programs that can be used to determine the identity of sequences, such as those programs using algorithms such as BLAST. BLAST nucleotide search is performed using the NBLAST program, and BLAST protein search is performed using the BLASTP program, and default parameters of each program are used.
[0074] In the present disclosure, the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof includes conservative substitutions within their sequence preferably do not significantly affect the desired activity of the polypeptide, antibody, or antigen-binding fragment. Substitutions may be naturally occurring or may be introduced for example using mutagenesis (e.g., Hutchinson et al., 1978, J.Biol. Chem. 253: 6551) . The amino acids glycine, alanine, valine, leucine and isoleucine, for example, can often be substituted for one another (amino acids having aliphatic side chains) . Of these possible substitutions, it is preferred that glycine and alanine are used to substitute for one another (since they have relatively short side chains) and that valine, leucine and isoleucine are used to substitute for one another (since they have larger aliphatic side chains which are hydrophobic) . Other amino acids which may often be substituted for one another include but are not limited to, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan (amino acids having aromatic side chains) ; lysine, arginine and histidine (amino acids having basic side chains) ; aspartate and glutamate (amino acids having acidic side chains) ; and asparagine and glutamine (amino acids having amide side chains) .
[0075] In some embodiments, the VH contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, and the VL contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11; the VH contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, and the VL contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 13; the VH contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, and the VL contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 15; the VH contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 16, and the VL contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 17; the VH contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 18, and the VL contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO:19; the VH contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 20, and the VL contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 21; the VH contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 22, and the VL contains or has or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 23; the VH contains an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 24, and the VL contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 25; the VH contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 26, and the VL contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 27; the VH contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 28, and the VL contains or has or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 29;the VH contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 30, and the VL contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 31; the VH contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 32, and the VL contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 33; the VH contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 34, and the VL contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 35; the VH contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 42, and the VL contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 13; or the VH contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 43, and the VL contains or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 29, or conservative substitutions thereof.
[0076] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment encompasses (unless where otherwise indicated or where otherwise suggested by context) a monoclonal antibody, a polyclonal antibody, a murine antibody, hamster antibody, goat antibody, rabbit antibody, a chimeric antibody, a primatized antibody, a humanized antibody, a (fully) human antibody, a multimeric antibody, a heterodimeric antibody, a hemidimeric antibody, a bi-, tri-, or tetravalent antibody, a bispecific antibody, a single chain antibody (e.g., scFv, scFab, and scFabAC) , Bis-scFv, a diabody, triabody or tetrabody, single domain antibodies, and modified Fab fragments. In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment is monovalent.
[0077] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment contains a Fc fragment that is to communicate to the immune system when the antibody binds its target, the Fc fragment can be of any class (e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD or IgA) or subclass of immunoglobulin molecule, preferably, the Fc fragment is IgG molecule. In some embodiments, the Fc fragment is human wildtype IgG Fc fragment. In certain embodiments, the Fc fragment is human IgG, e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4, optionally, with one or more mutation compared to wildtype human IgG molecules. Exemplary Fc fragment is human IgG4 with S228P mutation, which means the amino acid S (standard single-letter code) at position 228 (defined with Kabat) is mutated to amino acid P.
[0078] The antibody or antigen-binding fragment is chimeric or humanized.
[0079] Typically, chimeric antibodies include the heavy and / or light chain variable regions, including both CDR and framework residues, of one species (typically mouse) fused to constant regions of another species (typically human) . Humanized antibodies typically include heavy and / or light chain CDRs from a murine antibody grafted into a non-human primate or human antibody variable region framework, usually further containing a human constant region. See, e.g., Riechmann et al. (1988) Nature 332: 323-327.
[0080] Methods of making all of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments described above are well known to one of skill in the art. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5, 807, 715; Morrison et al. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81 (21) : 6851-5; Sharon et al. (1984) Nature 309 (5966) : 364-7; Takeda et al. (1985) Nature 314 (6010) : 452-4.
[0081] In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragments is generated by Selected Lymphocyte Antibody Method (SLAM) (Babcook et al., 1996, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, 93, 7843-7848; de Wildt et al., 1997, J. Immunol. Methods, 207: 61-67 and in Lagerkvist et al., 1995, BioTechniques 18:862-869) which enables the isolation from any species of cells producing high affinity antibodies during in vivo immune responses. The above methods rely on the isolation of individual antibody-producing cells which are then clonally expanded followed by screening for those clones which produce anti-NKG2A antibodies followed by the subsequent identification of the sequence of their variable heavy (VH) and light (VL) chain genes. Thus, B cells that are positive for antibodies to NKG2A are isolated. The B cells may be from human, mouse, rat, hamster, rabbit, goat, or other mammalian species. The antibody genes in these B cells may be cloned and expressed in a host cell (e.g., E. coli. ) , e.g., by conventional recombinant DNA technology. The antibodies expressed cells may be purified by conventional means. If the antibodies are from a non-human source, they may be humanized by conventional methods, such as by mutagenesis of their genes. The humanized antibodies may be subsequently expressed in a host cell and may be purified.
[0082] Monoclonal antibodies may be prepared by any method known in the art such as the hybridoma technique (Kohler &Milstein, Nature, 1975, 256: 495-497) , the trioma technique, the human B-cell hybridoma technique (Kozbor et al., Immunology Today, 1983, 4, 72) and the EBV-hybridoma technique (Cole et al., “Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy” , pp. 77-96, Alan R. Liss, Inc., 1985) . The methods for creating and manufacturing recombinant antibodies are well known in the art (see for example, Simmons et al., 2002, Journal of Immunological Methods, 263, 133-147) .
[0083] Antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the present disclosure may also be generated using various phage display methods known in the art which include those disclosed by Brinkman et al., 1995, J. Immunol. Methods, 182: 41-50; Ames et al., 1995, J. Immunol. Methods, 184, 177-186; Kettleborough et al., 1994, Eur. J. Immunol., 24, 952-958.
[0084] Also, transgenic (e.g., genetically engineered) mice, or other organisms, including other mammals, may be used to produce the antibody or antigen-binding fragment (see for example US 6, 300, 129) . For example, it is known that mice engineered to replace only the variable regions of mouse immune loci (heavy chain V, D, and J segments, and light chain V and J segments) with corresponding human variable sequences can be used to produce large quantities of high affinity antibodies with human variable sequences (see, e.g., US 6,586,251) .
[0085] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment provided herein binds to a peptide as shown in SEQ ID NO: 8. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment provided herein binds to a peptide as shown in SEQ ID NO: 9.
[0086] The present disclosure provides a binding site containing an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 8 or 9. In certain embodiments, the binding site containing an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 8.
[0087] NKG2A is an inhibitory receptor who is selectively expressed on cytotoxic lymphocytes, including natural killer cells (NK) and CD8 positive (CD8+) T cells. Understandably, the blockade of NKG2A and its ligand (s) MHC-1 molecule, such as HLA-E (human) , Qa-1 (mouse) , benefits for improving immune response mediated by natural killing cells (NK) and CD8+ T cells in a subject (e.g., human, mouse) in need. The NKG2A and CD94 molecule (e.g., co-expressing on NK or CD8+ T cells) form the inhibitory isoform NKG2A / CD94 heterodimer. The present disclosure provides examples of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment that binds to NKG2A, and thus blocks the interaction between the heterodimer NKG2A / CD94 and MHC-1 molecule, preferably, human MHC-1 protein HLA-E.
[0088] The antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided by the disclosure improves the immune response. In some embodiments, the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein improves the innate immune response.
[0089] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment blocks the interaction between NKG2A and HLA-E with IC50 no more than 1 nM, 0.8 nM or 0.6 nM.
[0090] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment reverses the inhibition of T cell responses, optionally the inhibition of NKG2A / HLA-E mediated inhibition of T cell responses.
[0091] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment activates T cells or increases the response of T cells such as, by activating NFAT signaling.
[0092] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment activates NFAT signaling in NKG2C (killer cell lectin like receptor C2, KLRC2) expressing T cells. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment activates NFAT signaling in NKG2A expressing T cells.
[0093] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment activates NKG2C expressing T cells. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment activates NKG2A expressing T cells.
[0094] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment increases the response of NK cells, optionally the NK cells express NKG2A. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment upregulates CD107a (lysosomal associated membrane protein 1) . In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment increases a NK cell response by upregulating CD107a.
[0095] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment improves the lysis of MHC-1 molecule expressing cells. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment improves the lysis of HLA-E expressing cells, such as HLA-E expressing tumor cells.
[0096] The antibody or antigen-binding fragment binds to NKG2A with EC50 no more than 1 nM, 0.8 nM or 0.6 nM, or with KD (affinity constant, KD=koff / kon, or KD= Kd / Ka) no more than 9.9E-8 nM, 9.9E-9 nM or 9.9E-10 nM.
[0097] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment plays an effect of NK mediated cytotoxicity to HLA-E expressed tumor cells.
[0098] the antibody or antigen-binding fragment plays an effect of NK mediated cytotoxicity to HLA-E expressed tumor cells with EC50 no more than 1 nM, 0.8 nM, 0.5 nM, or 0.3 nM.
[0099] The EC50 or IC50 could be measured by the well-known method in the art, such as FACS assay, competitive FACS (Fluorescence-activated cell sorting) . The KD could be measured by the well-known method in the art, such as Bio-Layer Interferometry (Octet) .
[0100] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment doesn’ t bind to or barely binds to NKG2E, thus the antibody or antigen-binding fragment barely decrease or reduce the activating activity mediated by NKG2E or NKG2E / CD94 heterodimer.
[0101] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment weakly binds to NKG2C.
[0102] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment is cross-reactive, optionally the antibody or antigen-binding fragment binds to cynomolgus NKG2A and human NKG2A.
[0103] Polynucleotides, Vectors and Host Cells
[0104] The present disclosure provides an isolated polynucleotide encoding an antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof containing an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%identical to any one of amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 10-35, 42 and 43.
[0105] In some embodiments, the isolated polynucleotide encodes the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 10-35, 42 and 43.
[0106] The polynucleotide is nucleic acid sequence of DNA, RNA, DNA / RNA hybrids, or modifications thereof. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide is a nucleic acid sequence of DNA. The encoding polynucleotide (DNA or RNA) may be recombinant or synthetic molecule.
[0107] The present disclosure also relates to sequence variants of the polynucleotide described above. For example, the present disclosure includes nucleic acid sequences that are about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, 99.5%, 99.9%or 100%identical to any of the polynucleotide sequences provided herein, including fragments thereof and complements thereto. The present disclosure also includes polynucleotide that varies from the polynucleotide sequences specifically provided herein due to the degeneracy of the genetic code.
[0108] The polynucleotide may further include regulatory sequences (e.g., a promoter sequence, an untranslated 5’ region, and an untranslated 3’ region) and / or vector sequences. For example, the polynucleotide constitutes a vector.
[0109] As used herein, the terms “vector” refers to a polynucleotide that can be engineered to contain a cloned polynucleotide or polynucleotides that can be propagated in a host cell. A vector can include one or more of the following elements: an origin of replication, one or more regulatory sequences (such as, for example, promoters and / or enhancers) that regulate the expression of the polypeptide of interest, and / or one or more selectable marker genes (such as, for example, antibiotic resistance genes and genes that can be used in colorimetric assays, for example, β-galactosidase) .
[0110] In some implementations, a polynucleotide disclosed herein (e.g., a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide disclosed herein) is introduced using a viral expression system (e.g., vaccinia or other pox virus, retrovirus, or adenovirus) , which may involve the use of a non-pathogenic (defective) , replication competent virus, or may use a replication defective virus.
[0111] In one aspect, the present disclosure also provides an isolated vector containing the polynucleotide as described herein. The provided isolated polynucleotide can be inserted into a vector for further cloning (amplification of the DNA) or for expression, using recombinant techniques known in the art.
[0112] The vector components generally include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: a signal sequence, an origin of replication, one or more marker genes, an enhancer element, a promoter (e.g., SV40, CMV, EF-1α) , and a transcription termination sequence.
[0113] In some embodiments, the vector provided herein, at least one promoter (e.g., SV40, CMV, EF-1α) operably linked to the nucleic acid sequence, and at least one selection marker. Examples of vectors include, but are not limited to, retrovirus (including lentivirus) , adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, herpesvirus (e.g., herpes simplex virus) , poxvirus, baculovirus, papillomavirus, papovavirus (e.g. SV40) , lambda phage, and M13 phage, plasmid pcDNA3.3, pMD18-T, pOptivec, pCMV, pEGFP, pIRES, pQD-Hyg-GSeu, pALTER, pBAD, pcDNA, pCal, pL, pET, pGEMEX, pGEX, pCI, pEGFT, pSV2, pFUSE, pVITRO, pVIVO, pMAL, pMONO, pSELECT, pUNO, pDUO, Psg5L, pBABE, pWPXL, pBI, p15TV-L, pPro18, pTD, pRS10, pLexA, pACT2.2, pCMV-SCRIPT. RTM., pCDM8, pCDNA1.1 / amp, pcDNA3.1, pRc / RSV, PCR 2.1, pEF-1, pFB, pSG5, pXT1, pCDEF3, pSVSPORT, pEF-Bos etc.
[0114] The present disclosure provides hose cells containing the isolated polynucleotide as described herein or the isolated vector as described herein.
[0115] As used herein, the terms “host cell” refers to a cell that may be or has been a recipient of a vector or isolated polynucleotide. Host cells may be prokaryotic cells or eukaryotic cells. Exemplary eukaryotic cells include mammalian cells, such as primate or non-primate animal cells.
[0116] Vectors containing the polynucleotide sequence encoding the antibody or antigen-binding fragment can be introduced to a host cell for cloning or gene expression. Suitable host cells for cloning or expressing the above-described polynucleotide (nucleic acid sequence of DNA, RNA or DNA / RNA hybrids) in the vectors herein are, for example, prokaryotic cells such as E. coli, or other microbial cells, or eukaryotic cells including but not limited to mammalian cells such as human, mouse, monkey, rabbit, goat, hamster, or rat cells, insect cells, avian cells, plant cells and eukaryotic cells.
[0117] In some embodiments, the host cells may be, for example, (1) bacterial cells, such as E. coli; (2) fungal cells and Aspergillus cells, yeast cells, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and K. lactis; (3) insect cell lines, such as (a cell line from Spodoptera frugiperda) cells (Protein Sciences Corp., Meriden, Conn., USA) ; (4) mammalian cells; or (5) plant cells.
[0118] Typical mammalian cells include COS1 and COS7 cells, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, NS0 myeloma cells, NIH 3T3 cells, 293 cells, HEPG2 cells, HeLa cells, C127, 3T3, BHK, Bowes melanoma cells, L cells, MDCK, HEK293, WI38, murine ES cell lines (e.g., from strains 129 / SV, C57 / BL6, DBA-1, 129 / SVJ) , K562, Jurkat cells, and BW5147. The invention thus provides cells that express the antibodies of the present invention, including but not limited to hybridoma cells, B cells, plasma cells, as well as mammalian and human host cells recombinantly modified to express the antibodies of the present invention (e.g., adult embryonic stem cells) . Other useful mammalian cell lines are well known and readily available from the American Type Culture Collection ( “ATCC” ) (Manassas, Va., USA) and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) Human Genetic Cell Repository at the Coriell Cell Repositories (Camden, N. J., USA) . These cell types are only representative, and this list is not meant to be an exhaustive list.
[0119] In some embodiments, the host cell is a mammalian cultured cell line, such as CHO, BHK, NS0, 293 and their derivatives.
[0120] A vector can be introduced into the host cell by methods known in the art, e.g., electroporation, chemical transfection (e.g., DEAE-dextran) , transformation, transfection, and infection and / or transduction (e.g., with recombinant virus) . Thus, non-limiting examples of vectors include viral vectors (which can be used to generate recombinant virus) , naked DNA or RNA, plasmids, cosmids, phage vectors, and DNA or RNA expression vectors associated with cationic condensing agents.
[0121] Kit
[0122] The disclosure provides a kit that contains the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the isolated polynucleotide, the isolated vector, or the host cell described above. Such kits can further include, if desired, one or more of various conventional pharmaceutical kit components, such as, for example, containers with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, additional containers etc., as will be readily apparent to a person skilled in the art. Instructions, either as inserts or a labels, indicating quantities of the components to be administered, guidelines for administration, and / or guidelines for mixing the components, can also be included in the kit.
[0123] Pharmaceutical Compositions
[0124] The disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition that contains the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the isolated polynucleotide, the isolated vector, or the host cell described above, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in any manner known in the art.
[0125] The pharmaceutical composition could be formulated for parenteral (e.g., orally, nasally, or by inhalation, ophthalmic, rectal, intravenous, intraarterial, intramuscular, intradermal, subcutaneous, or intraperitoneal) administration in dosage unit form (i.e., physically discrete units containing a predetermined quantity of active compound for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage) . The formulation of the pharmaceutical composition is compatible with their intended route of administration (e.g., intravenous, intraarterial, intramuscular, intradermal, subcutaneous, or intraperitoneal) .
[0126] Pharmaceutical acceptable carriers for use in the pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein may include, for example, a sterile diluent (e.g., sterile water or saline) , a fixed oil, polyethylene glycol, glycerin, propylene glycol or other synthetic solvents, antibacterial or antifungal agents, such as benzyl alcohol or methyl parabens, phenol, ascorbic acid, thimerosal, and the like, antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite, chelating agents, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, buffers, such as acetates, citrates, or phosphates, and isotonic agents, such as sugars (e.g., dextrose) , polyalcohols (e.g., mannitol or sorbitol) , or salts (e.g., sodium chloride) , or any combination thereof. Liposomal suspensions can also be used as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
[0127] Preparations of the compositions can be formulated and enclosed in ampules, disposable syringes, or multiple dose vials. Where required (as in, for example, injectable formulations) , proper fluidity can be maintained by, for example, the use of a coating, such as lecithin, or a surfactant. Absorption of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof can be prolonged by including an agent that delays absorption (e.g., aluminum monostearate and gelatin) . Alternatively, controlled release can be achieved by implants and microencapsulated delivery systems, which can include biodegradable, biocompatible polymers (e.g., ethylene vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, polyglycolic acid, collagen, polyorthoesters, and polylactic acid) .
[0128] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions are formulated into an injectable composition. The injectable pharmaceutical compositions may be prepared in any conventional form, such as for example liquid solution, suspension, emulsion, or solid forms suitable for generating liquid solution, suspension, or emulsion. Preparations for injection may include sterile and / or non-pyretic solutions ready for injection, sterile dry soluble products, such as lyophilized powders, ready to be combined with a solvent just prior to use, including hypodermic tablets, sterile suspensions ready for injection, sterile dry insoluble products ready to be combined with a vehicle just prior to use, and sterile and / or non-pyretic emulsions. The solutions may be either aqueous or nonaqueous.
[0129] In some embodiments, a sterile, lyophilized powder is prepared by dissolving an antibody or antigen-binding fragment as disclosed herein in a suitable solvent. The solvent may contain an excipient which improves the stability or other pharmacological components of the powder or reconstituted solution, prepared from the powder. Excipients that may be used include, but are not limited to, water, dextrose, sorbitol, fructose, corn syrup, xylitol, glycerin, glucose, sucrose, or other suitable agents.
[0130] The antibody or the antigen-binding fragment, or pharmaceutical compositions containing them may be included in a container, package or dispenser alone or as part of a kit with labels and instructions for administration.
[0131] Methods of Treatment
[0132] The present disclosure provides a use of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment, the isolated polynucleotide, the isolated vector, the host cell or the pharmaceutical composition described above in the manufacture of a therapeutic agent in the diagnosis, prevention or treatment for a disease. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent could reverse the immune inhibitory mediated by NGK2A or improve the immune response.
[0133] The present disclosure provides a use of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment, the isolated polynucleotide, the isolated vector, the host cell, or the pharmaceutical composition described above in the manufacture of a therapeutic agent for improving immune response to a disease.
[0134] The present disclosure provides a method of diagnosing, preventing, or treating a subject having an oncology-related disease, an inflammation or autoimmunity disease, or an infectious disease, containing administrating to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment, the isolated polynucleotide, the isolated vector, the host cell, or the pharmaceutical composition described above.
[0135] The term “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of composition or active agent as disclosed herein effective to “treat” a disease in a subject.
[0136] As use herein, the term “treat” “treating” or “treatment” refers to alleviating or ameliorating the disease (i.e., slowing or arresting the development of the disease or at least one of the clinical symptoms thereof) ; or alleviating or ameliorating at least one physical parameter or biomarker associated with the disease, including those which may not be discernible to the patient. For example, for cancer, “treat” “treating” or “treatment” may refer to dampen or slow the tumor or malignant cell growth, proliferation, or metastasis, removal of all or part of the tumor, inhibiting or slowing tumor growth and metastasis, delaying the development of a tumor, or some combination thereof.
[0137] As used herein, the term “prevent" “preventing” or “prevention” refers to the prophylactic treatment of the disease; or delaying the onset or progression of the disease.
[0138] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent, (i.e., the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the isolated polynucleotide, the isolated vector, the host cell, or the pharmaceutical composition) described above or the active agent (e.g., the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof) could enhance immune response to the disease, or could reduce adverse effects in diagnosing, preventing or treating the disease.
[0139] In some embodiments, the method can enhance immune response (such as innate immune response) , optionally by the blockade of NKG2A signal pathway, this is helpful for treating extensive diseases.
[0140] In some embodiments, the method can increase the response of NK cells and / or T cells. In some embodiments, the disease, is ameliorated by the stimulation of immune cells, such as NK cells, T cells. In some embodiments, the method can activate T cells. In some embodiments, the method can activate NK cells, thereby upregulating CD107a.
[0141] In some embodiments, the method can activate NFAT signaling, thereby regulating the response of T cells.
[0142] In some embodiments, the method improves the lysis of HLA-E expressing cells, such as HLA-E expressing tumor cells, the tumor herein could be malignant tumor and benign tumor.
[0143] In some embodiments, the disease contains an oncology-related disease, an inflammation or autoimmunity disease, or an infectious disease.
[0144] In some embodiments, the oncology-related disease includes solid tumor or liquid tumor. In some embodiments, the oncology-related disease includes malignant tumor and benign tumor. In some embodiments, the oncology-related disease includes breast cancer, carcinoid cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, glioma, head and neck cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, renal cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, testicular cancer, thyroid cancer, bladder cancer, urethral cancer, or hematologic malignancy. In some embodiments, the cancer is unresectable melanoma or metastatic melanoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) , small cell lung cancer (SCLC) , bladder cancer, or metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. In some embodiments, the subject has a solid tumor. In some embodiments, the cancer is squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) , renal cell carcinoma (RCC) , triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) , and colorectal carcinoma.
[0145] In some embodiments, the infectious disease includes viral infectious disease and bacterial infectious disease.
[0146] In some embodiments, the inflammation or autoimmunity disease is characterized by redness, swelling, heat and pain, as consequences of capillary dilation with edema and migration of phagocytic leukocytes. Some examples of inflammatory responses include: arthritis, contact dermatitis, hyper-IgE syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, allergic asthma, and idiopathic inflammatory disease. Idiopathic inflammatory disease includes, for example, psoriasis and lupus (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) , drug-induced lupus erythematosus, and lupus nephritis) .
[0147] In some embodiments, the disease contains a tumor. In some embodiments, the disease contains a cancer, such as B-cell lymphoma. Without limitation, the methods of treatment reduce the rate of the increase of volume of a tumor in a subject over time, reduce the risk of developing a metastasis, or reduce the risk of developing an additional metastasis in a subject. In some embodiments, the treatment can halt, slow, retard, or inhibit progression of a cancer. In some embodiments, the treatment can result in the reduction of in the number, severity, and / or duration of one or more symptoms of the cancer in a subject.
[0148] The subject contains mammals including primate, rodent, canine and swine, such as mice, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs, pig, monkey, chimpanzee, gorilla, and the like. In some embodiments, the subject contains mouse, cynomolgus, and human. Except when noted, the term “patient” or “subject” are used herein interchangeably.
[0149] The daily dosage of the therapeutic agent could obtain from cell culture assays, animal studies or clinical research. A therapeutically effective amount of therapeutic agent or active agent (such as, antibody or antigen-binding fragment) will be an amount that treats the disease in a subject, decreases the severity, frequency, and / or duration of one or more symptoms of a disease in a subject. The effectiveness and dosing can be determined by a health care professional or veterinary professional using methods known in the art, as well as by the observation of one or more symptoms of disease in a subject. In addition, it is understood that the specific dose level for any particular subject will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, gender, and diet of the subject, the time of administration, the route of administration, the rate of excretion, and the half-life of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment in vivo.
[0150] EXAMPLES
[0151] The invention is further described in the following examples, which do not limit the scope of the invention described in the claims.
[0152] Standard reference works setting forth the general principles of recombinant DNA technology known to those of skill in the art include Ausubel et al., Current Protocols In Molecular Biology, John Wiley &Sons, New York (1998 and Supplements to 2001) ; Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2d Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Plainview, N. Y. (1989) ; Kaufman et al., Eds., Handbook Of Molecular And Cellular Methods In Biology And Medicine, CRC Press, Boca Raton (1995) ; McPherson, Ed., Directed Mutagenesis: A Practical Approach, IRL Press, Oxford (1991) .
[0153] Standard reference works setting forth the general principles of immunology known to those of skill in the art include Harlow and Lane, Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, 2d Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y. (1999) , and Roitt et al., Immunology, 3d Ed., Mosby- Year Book Europe Limited, London (1993) . Standard reference works setting forth the general principles of medical physiology and pharmacology known to those of skill in the art include Fauci et al., Eds., Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14th Ed., McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (1998) .
[0154] The materials used in the examples of the present disclosure are known and commercially available.
[0155] Example 1: Reagents generation
[0156] 1.1 Reference antibodies
[0157] The reference antibodies Tab1, Tab2 and Tab3 have been generated according to patent WO2020102501A1 (SEQ ID NOs: 107 and 118) , WO2019126514A2 (SEQ ID NOs: 13 and 14) and CN111153995A (SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 5) respectively. The heavy chain variable region (VH) and light chain variable region (VL) sequences of Tab1, Tab2 and Tab3 are shown in Table 1 with standard single-letter code.
[0158] Table 1. Variable region sequences of Tab1, Tab2 and Tab3
[0159] 1.2 Stable cell lines
[0160] Human, cynomolgus and mouse NKG2A / CD94 stably expressing cell lines, CHOK1 / hNKG2A, 293T / hNKG2A, CHOK1 / cynoNKG2A and CHOK1 / mNKG2A, have been generated for hybridoma screening and in vitro assays. CHOK1 or 293T cells were transfected with human (or “h” ) , cynomolgus (or “cyno” ) or mouse (or “m” ) NKG2A / CD94 expression plasmid and selectively cultured in medium containing 0.2 μg / mL puromycin for 2 weeks. Single cell clones were then isolated by limiting dilution and screened by FACS to obtain the monoclonal cell lines stably expressing human, cynomolgus or mouse NKG2A / CD94. For Jurkat-NFAT-Human NKG2A / CD94 stable pool generation, Jurkat-NFAT cells were transfected with human NKG2A and CD94 expression plasmid and selectively cultured in medium containing 400 μg / mL hygromycin and 0.2 μg / mL puromycin. For Jurkat-NFAT-Human NKG2C / CD94 stable pool generation, Jurkat-NFAT cells were transfected with human NKG2C / CD94 and DAP12 (transmembrane immune signaling adaptor, TYROBP) expression plasmids and selectively cultured in medium containing 800 μg / mL hygromycin and 0.2 μg / mL puromycin.
[0161] 1.3 Recombinant proteins
[0162] Human NKG2A / CD94 extracellular domain (ECD, UNIPROT_P26715, Pro94 -Leu233, Accession#Q13241-1, Lys32 -Ile179) recombinant proteins with human Fc tag was purchased from ChemPartner for immunization and hybridoma screening.
[0163] Human CD94 extracellular domain (ECD, Accession#Q13241-1, Lys32 -Ile179) recombinant proteins with 6 ⅹ his tag was purchased from Acro Biosystem.
[0164] Human NKG2E extracellular domain (ECD, Accession#Q07444-1, Glu98 -Ser240) recombinant proteins with human Fc tag (rhNKG2E-ECD-Fc protein) was purchased from R&D System for specificity characterization.
[0165] The recombinant protein of HLA-E*01: 03 HLA-A leader 3-11 Tetramer-VMAPRTLVL-PE (HLA-E-PE) was purchased from MBL for cell-based blocking assay.
[0166] Example 2: Hybridoma development and screening
[0167] 2.1 Immunization and fusion
[0168] 40 mice from two strains (SJL, NOD) were immunized with Fc-tagged human NKG2A / CD94 ECD-Fc recombinant protein or human NKG2A / CD94 over-expressed cell line using a quick immunization strategy. Using human and cynomolgus NKG2A / CD94 over-expressing cell lines as antigen, serum titer of the immunized mice was detected by FACS assay. Final boost was conducted when the serum titers reached a high level. Three days after the final boost, pooled splenocytes cells were harvested and fused with SP2 / 0 mouse myeloma cells. The fused cells were then seeded into 384-well plates for screening.
[0169] 2.2 Primary and secondary screening
[0170] 10-12 days after fusion, supernatants harvested from each well of hybridoma cells were primarily screened by ACUMEN assay using CHOK1 / hNKG2A / CD94 and CHOK1 / hNKG2C / CD94 as antigen. The hybridoma cells in the positive wells were expanded and a secondary confirmation screening was performed using the same ELISA assay as the primary screening. FACS binding with CHOK1 / hNKG2A / CD94, CHOK1 / cynoNKG2A / CD94 and CHOK1 were also included in secondary screening. Then the hybridoma cells secreting antibodies with top human NKG2A binding and cross-reactive binding to cynomolgus activity were subcloned.
[0171] 2.3 Hybridoma Subcloning and screening
[0172] The selected hybridoma cells were limited diluted into 96-well plates at the density of 1 cell / well to obtain monoclonal hybridoma cells. Supernatants harvested from these monoclonal cells were screened by the same FACS assay as Example 2.2. Antibodies secreted from positive clones were quantified by Bio-Layer Interferometry and then assayed for human NKG2A / CD94 binding affinity and the activity to block the interaction between NKG2A / CD94 and its ligand HLA-E. As shown in Table 2, the monoclonal antibody secreting from clone 147B6-2E10 showed nanomolar human NKG2A / CD94 binding affinity and good blocking activity.
[0173] Table 2. Mouse antibody characterization summary
[0174] Example 3: Chimeric antibody generation and characterization
[0175] 3.1 Chimeric antibody generation
[0176] Heavy chain and light chain variable regions of clone 147B6-2E10 secreted monoclonal antibody was sequenced. According to the sequencing results, a human IgG4 chimeric antibody with S228P mutation at Fc region was generated and named as cAb017, where the suffix “c” stands for chimeric. The variable region of cAb017 was shown below in standard single-letter code, CDRs of which were underlined. CDRs were defined using Kabat definition except heavy chain CDR1, which was defined using a combination of Kabat and Chothia systems.
[0177] 3.2 Chimeric antibody characterization
[0178] 3.2.1 Binding activity
[0179] Human NKG2A / CD94 binding activity of cAb017, three benchmark antibodies Tab1, 2, 3 and human IgG4 isotype (hIgG4) was detected by FACS assay using CHOK1-hNKG2A / CD94 or 293T-hNKG2A / CD94, CHOK1-cynoNKG2A / CD94, NK92 cells as antigen. All test monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) strongly bind to CHOK1-hNKG2A / CD94 (Figure 1) , CHOK1-cynoNKG2A / CD94 (Figure 2) and NK92 (Figure 3) with similar affinity. The EC50 and top geometric mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values analyzed using Four-Parameter nonlinear fitting by GraphPad Prism 9.0 are summarized in Table 3.
[0180] Table 3. Binding of cAb017 and Tab1, 2, 3 to membrane NKG2A / CD94
[0181] 3.2.2 Affinity detection
[0182] The binding affinity of cAb017 and Tab1, 2, 3 to human NKG2A / CD94 ECD recombinant protein was determined using Bio-Layer Interferometry (Octet) . The association and dissociation curves were fit with 1: 1 binding model, and the Ka / Kd / KD values for each antibody were calculated and summarized in Table 4. cAb017 (KD, 0.028 nM) showed a higher antigen binding affinity than all the reference antibodies in the test.
[0183] Table 4. Human NKG2A / CD94 binding affinity of cAb017, Tab1, Tab2 and Tab3
[0184] 3.2.3 Binding specificity
[0185] The binding of cAb017, Tab1, Tab2 and Tab3 to NKG2C was detected by FACS assay using CHOK1-hNKG2C / CD94 cells (Figure 4A) as antigen (refer to method described in Example 3.2.1) . As shown in Figure 4A, cAb017 and Tab1 could weakly bind to NKG2C, and Tab2, Tab3 didn’t bind to NKG2C.
[0186] The binding of cAb017, Tab1, Tab2, Tab3, an NKG2E-recognized antibody (positive control) and human IgG4 isotype to NKG2E was detected by ELISA assay using rhNKG2E-ECD-Fc protein (Figure 4B) as antigen. As shown in figure 4B, all the testing antibodies can’ t recognize NKG2E protein.
[0187] 3.2.4 Blocking activities
[0188] The activities of cAb017 and Tab1, 2, 3 to block the interaction between NKG2A / CD94 and HLA-E were assessed by competitive FACS. Briefly CHOK1-NKG2A / CD94 cells were preincubated with 10 μg / mL testing antibodies or IgG4 isotype for 30 minutes. Then the recombinant protein of HLA-E-PE complex tetramer were added for another 1-hour incubation. The blocking activities were determined by quantitating the blockade of the ligands binding to CHOK1-NKG2A / CD94 cells. As shown in Figure 5, cAb017 and Tab1, 2 can fully block the interaction between NKG2A / CD94 and HLA-E, however Tab3 could only partially block the interaction between NKG2A / CD94 and HLA-E. The IC50 values and top blocking ratios analyzed using Four-Parameter nonlinear fitting by GraphPad Prism 9.0 are summarized in Table 5.
[0189] Table 5. Blocking activities of cAb017 Tab1, Tab2 and Tab3
[0190] 3.2.5 NK92 mediated cytotoxicity assay
[0191] The effect of cAb017, Tab1, Tab2 and Tab3 in NK92 mediated cytotoxicity was studied. In brief, serial dilutions of antibodies and NK-92 cells in 100 μl / well (in triplicates) were added to U-bottomed 96-well microtiter plates for pre-incubation. Target cells (tumor cell line LCL721.221) were loaded with specific peptide to induce HLA-E expression. Labeling target cells with fluorescence enhancing ligand (DELFIA BATDA Reagent) and addition of 100 μl (1ⅹ104) of target cells to each well. Following a short centrifugation, the co-cultures were incubated for 2 h at 37℃ in a 95%humidified chamber with 5%CO2. They were then centrifuged for 5 min, and 20 μl of supernatant from each well was picked and added to 100 μl europium solution (Eu) . Percentages of specific releases (lysis) were calculated using the following formula:
[0192] As shown in Figure 6, all the testing antibodies could improve the specific lysis of HLA-E expressing tumor cells. And the cAb017 and Tab3 showed the most potent efficacy. The EC50 values are analyzed using Four-Parameter nonlinear fitting by GraphPad Prism 9.0 and shown as below.
[0193] Span=Maximum specific release-Minimum specific release
[0194] 3.3.6 CD107a degranulation assay
[0195] The effects of cAb017, Tab1, Tab2 and Tab3 in NK cell degranulation were studied with this assay. Briefly, NK cells were isolated from human PBMC using Ficoll gradient and the human NK cell isolation kit (Miltenyi Biotech) . NK cells were cultured overnight with recombinant human (rh) IL-2 (400IU / ml) . Following activation, the cell viability was more than 90%, as determined by cell counter. NK cells were then co-cultured for four hours with 5 ⅹ l04 of the human B-lymphoblastoid target cell line 721.221 expressing HLA-E in the presence of anti-human NKG2A antibodies or hIgG4 isotype control. Cells were then collected and stained for the following markers: anti-human CD3, anti-human CD56, live / dead, and anti-human CD107a, and anti-NKG2A antibody. Cells were acquired fresh on BD Canto II. Percentage degranulation (%CD107) among NKG2A+ or NKG2A-NK cells was subsequently analyzed on FlowJo (flow cytometry software) . In the presence of cAb017, Tab1, Tab2 and Tab3, there was an increase in NK cell degranulation as measured by CD107a expression by flow cytometry (Figure 7A) . The increase in NK cell response was not observed on NKG2A negative (-) NK cells, which showed that the antibody effect was specific to NKG2A expressing NK cells (Figure 7B) .
[0196] 3.2.7 Primary NK cytotoxicity assay
[0197] The effects of cAb017, Tab1, Tab2 and Tab3 on primary NK mediated cytotoxicity were studied with this assay. Briefly, NK cells were isolated from human PBMC using Ficoll gradient and the human NK cell isolation kit (Miltenyi Biotech) . NK cells were cultured 4-5 days with recombinant human IL-2 (Peprotech, Cat No. 200-02) and recombinant human IL-12 (Peprotech, Cat No. 200-12) . After NK activation, serial dilutions of antibodies and NK cells were added to U-bottomed 96-well microtiter plates for pre-incubation. Target cells (tumor cell line LCL721.221) were loaded with specific peptide to induce HLA-E expression. Labeling target cells with fluorescence enhancing ligand (DELFIA BATDA Reagent) and addition of 100 ul (1ⅹ104) of target cells to each well. Following a short centrifugation, the co-cultures were incubated for 2 h at 37℃ in a 95%humidified chamber with 5% CO2. They were then centrifuged for 5 min, and 20 μl of supernatant from each well was picked and added to 100 μl europium solution (Eu) . Percentages of specific releases (specific cytotoxicity) were calculated using the following formula:
[0198] As shown in Figure 8, cAb017 and Tab3 significantly improved primary NK-mediated specific lysis against HLA-E expressing tumor cells.
[0199] 3.2.8 Jurkat-NFAT NKG2A / CD94 reporter assay
[0200] cAb017, Tab1, Tab2 and Tab3 were tested for the functional activity of reversing the inhibition of NFAT signaling in a NKG2A / CD94-expressing Jurkat cell line stimulated by CHO / OKT3 / HLA-E (Chinese Hamster Ovary cells that have been engineered to express the single chain OKT3 and HLA-E) .NKG2A expressing Jurkat effector cells were co-cultured with CHO / scOKT3 / HLA-E target cells at an effector cell-to target cell ratio (E: T) of 6: 1. The anti-NKG2A antibodies or hIgG4 isotype antibody was added to the co-culture at titrating concentrations. Following five hours of incubation at 37℃, luciferase activity was quantified using One-Glo Reagent. Relative Luciferase Units (RLU) data was plotted using GraphPad software. The NKG2A antibodies reversed the NKG2A / HLA-E mediated inhibition of T cell responses. Specifically, as shown in Figure 9, the cAb017 reversed the inhibition of NFAT signaling in a NKG2A-expressing Jurkat T cell line stimulated CHO / OKT3 / HLA-E, with an EC50 value of 0.31 nM.
[0201] 3.2.9 Jurkat-NFAT NKG2C / CD94 reporter assay
[0202] cAb017 and Tab1 were tested for the functional activity of activating NFAT signaling in a NKG2C / CD94 / DAP12-expressing Jurkat cell line. The testing antibodies or isotype antibody were added to the co-culture at titrating concentrations. Following five hours of incubation at 37℃, luciferase activity was quantified using One-Glo Reagent. Relative Luciferase Units (RLU) data was plotted using GraphPad software. As shown in Figure 10, the cAb017 could activate NFAT signaling in a NKG2C-expressing Jurkat T cell line, however, Tab1 didn’ t induce NFAT activation.
[0203] 3.2.10 Epitope Analysis
[0204] The epitope binning for cAb017, Tab1, Tab2 and Tab3 was carried out by competitive ELISA method. Briefly, Ab1 was immobilized overnight on ELISA plate at 4℃. After blocking with PBS-2%BSA to reduce nonspecific binding, the plates were washed with PBS-0.05%Tween 20 and incubated with mixture of 50 μl / well Ab2 and 50 μl / well biotinylated-NKG2A / CD94 ECD recombinant protein at 37℃ for 1 hour. After washing, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled detection antibody was added and incubated at 37℃ for 1 hour. Color development was conducted by the addition of 100 μl / well of TMB solution. After incubation at room temperature (RT) for 10-15 minutes, the reaction was stopped by adding 100 μl 1N HCl. Then the plates were read immediately using plate reader for optical density at 450 nm.
[0205] Finally, the relative binding signals of Ab2 in tandem were calculated by normalization. High relative binding signals represent low competition between Ab2 and Ab1 for binding antigen. Likewise, low relative signals represent high competition between Ab2 and Ab1. As shown in Table 6, all antibodies were in the same bin, although Tab2 couldn’ t fully compete with other antibodies which may cause by relative weak affinity to NKG2A / CD94.
[0206] Table 6. Epitope binning of cAb017, Tab1, Tab2 and Tab3
[0207] The binding epitopes of cAb017, Tab1, Tab2 and Tab3 on NKG2A / CD94 were further mapped using hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) . There key peptides were identified, “IDNEEEMKF” (SEQ ID NO: 7) , “FKHEIKDSDNAEL” (SEQ ID NO: 8) , “LQVNRL” (SEQ ID NO: 9) , naming peptide-1, -2 and -3, respectively.
[0208] Table 7. Epitope mapping of cAb017, Tab1, Tab2 and Tab3
[0209] The binding of Tab1 and cAb017 resulted in reduced hydrogen deuterium exchange in the peptide -3, indicating that antibody covers this region on NKG2A / CD94 may be critical for binding to NKG2C.
[0210] 3.2.11 NK activation assay
[0211] The effects of cAb017 and Tab1 in NKG2C positive NK cells were studied with this assay. Briefly, NK cells were isolated from human PBMC using Ficoll gradient and the human NK cell isolation kit (Miltenyi Biotech) . NK cells were cultured overnight with recombinant human (rh) IL-2 (400IU / ml) . Following activation, the cell viability was more than 90%, as determined by cell counter. The testing antibodies and isotype control were absorbed onto 96-well plate and NK cells were then incubated for 6 hours. Percentage of %CD107a and %IFNγ among NKG2C+ NK cells was subsequently analyzed on FlowJo (flow cytometry software) . In the presence of cAb017 and Tab1, there was an increase in NK cell activity as measured by CD107a (Figure 19 A) and %IFNγ (Figure 19B) expression by flow cytometry. The data showed that the antibody could activate NKG2C positive NK cells specifically, and showed stronger potency than benchmark antibody (Tab1) .
[0212] Example 4: Antibody humanization
[0213] 4.1 Humanization design
[0214] Complementarity-determining region (CDR) grafting method was used for humanization of cAb017.
[0215] Briefly, IGH1-2*06 and IGKV1-33*01 were first selected as humanization templates for heavy chain and light chain, respectively, based on their homology to the original mouse antibody sequences. CDRs were defined using Kabat definition except heavy chain CDR1, which was defined using a combination of Kabat and Chothia systems. For grafting, the CDRs and different combinations of canonical residues from cAb017 were grafted onto the templates. The resulting variants were produced and designated as H17. H28 to H17. H30 and H17. H68 to H17. H76, where the prefix “hu” indicates “humanized” , and the number in the suffix denotes the serial number. All the variants were tested in multiple in vitro assays to select the best ones that retained the property of the parental antibody.
[0216] The sequences of H17. H01 to H17. H24 were shown below.
[0217] 4.2 Characterization of the humanized variants
[0218] 4.2.1 Binding activity
[0219] The binding of cAb017 and cAb017 derived humanized variants to cell membrane human NKG2A / CD94 was detected by FACS assay using 293T / hNKG2A / CD94 cells. As shown in Figure 11, H17. H28, H17. H29, and H17. H30 retained human NKG2A / CD94 binding activity of the parental antibody cAb017. The EC50 and top MFI values analyzed using Four-Parameter nonlinear fitting by GraphPad Prism 9.0 are summarized in Table 8.
[0220] Table 8. Binding of cAb017 derived humanized variants to 293T / hNKG2A / CD94
[0221] 4.2.2 Affinity detection
[0222] The binding affinity of cAb017 derived humanized variants to human NKG2A / CD94 was determined using Bio-Layer Interferometry (Octet) . The association and dissociation curves were fit with 1: 1 binding model, and the Ka / Kd / KD values for each antibody were calculated and summarized in Table 9. H17. H28, H17. H29, H17. H30 retained human NKG2A / CD94 binding affinity of the parental antibody cAb017.
[0223] Table 9. Human NKG2A / CD94 binding affinity of cAb017 derived humanized variants
[0224] 4.2.3 Blocking activity
[0225] The activity of cAb017 and cAb017 derived humanized variant H17. H28, H17. H29, H17. H30 to block the interaction between NKG2A / CD94 and HLA-E was assessed by competitive FACS (Figure 12, refer to the method described in Example 3.2.4) . The IC50 values and top blocking ratios analyzed using Four-Parameter nonlinear fitting by GraphPad Prism 9.0 are summarized in Table 10.
[0226] Table 10. Blocking activity of cAb017 and cAb017 derived humanized variant
[0227] 4.2.4 Function validation
[0228] 4.2.4.1 Binding activity
[0229] Human NKG2A / CD94 binding activity of cAb017 and humanized variants was detected by FACS assay using 293T / hNKG2A / CD94 cells as antigen. All test mAbs, H17. H28, H17. H68, H17. H69, H17. H70, H17. H71, H17. H72, H17. H73, H17. H74, H17. H75, H17. H76, strongly bind to 293T / hNKG2A / CD94 (Figure 13) with similar affinity.
[0230] 4.2.4.2 Jurkat-NFAT NKG2A / CD94 reporter assay
[0231] cAb017 and humanized variants were tested for the functional activity of reversing the inhibition of NFAT signaling in a NKG2A / CD94-expressing Jurkat cell line stimulated by CHO / OKT3 / HLA-E. NKG2A expressing Jurkat effector cells were co-cultured with CHO / scOKT3 / HLA-E target cells at an effector cell-to target cell ratio (E: T) of 6: 1. The anti-NKG2A antibodies or hIgG4 isotype antibody was added to the co-culture at titrating concentrations. Following five hours of incubation at 37℃, luciferase activity was quantified using One-Glo Reagent. Relative Luciferase Units (RLU) data was plotted using GraphPad software. The NKG2A antibodies reversed the NKG2A / HLA-E mediated inhibition of T cell responses. Specifically, as shown in Figure 14A and 14B, the cAb017 and all humanized variants reversed the inhibition of NFAT signaling in a NKG2A-expressing Jurkat T cell line stimulated CHO / OKT3 / HLA-E with similar potency.
[0232] 4.2.4.3 Binding specificity:
[0233] The binding of cAb017 and cAb017 derived humanized variants to NKG2C was detected by FACS assay using Jurkat-NFAT-NKG2C / CD94 cells (Figure 15) as antigen. As shown in Figure 15, all the variants could bind to NKG2C.
[0234] 4.2.4.4 Jurkat-NFAT NKG2C / CD94 reporter assay
[0235] cAb017 and humanized variants were tested for the functional activity of activating NFAT signaling in a NKG2C / CD94 / DAP12-expressing Jurkat cell line. The testing antibodies or isotype antibody were mixed with anti-human IgG4 Fc antibody and added to the co-culture at titrating concentrations. Following five hours of incubation at 37℃, luciferase activity was quantified using One-Glo Reagent. Relative Luciferase Units (RLU) data was plotted using GraphPad software. As shown in Figure 16 and Figure 17, all the variants could activate NFAT signaling in a NKG2C-expressing Jurkat T cell line.
[0236] 4.2.5 Hot spot removal
[0237] Analyzing the CDR regions of the light and heavy chains of H17. H28 and H17. H73, wherein the amino acid sequence NG in heavy chain CDR2 was mutated to NA to obtain the hot spot removal variants, H17. H28. DR02 and H17. H73. DR02. The VH and VL of H17. H28. DR02 were as shown in SEQ ID NO: 42 and 13, respectively. The VH and VL of H17. H73. DR02 were as shown in SEQ ID NO:43 and 29, respectively.
[0238] 4.2.5.1 Affinity detection
[0239] The binding affinity of hot spot derived humanized variants to human NKG2A / CD94 was determined using Bio-Layer Interferometry (Octet) . The association and dissociation curves were fit with 1: 1 binding model, and the Ka / Kd / KD values for each antibody were calculated and summarized in Table 11. H17. H28. DR02 and H17. H73. DR02 retained human NKG2A / CD94 binding affinity of the parental antibody.
[0240] Table 11. Human NKG2A / CD94 binding affinity of cAb017 derived humanized variants
[0241] 4.2.5.2 Jurkat-NFAT NKG2C / CD94 reporter assay
[0242] H17. H28. DR02 and H17. H73. DR02 were tested for the functional activity of activating NFAT signaling in a NKG2C / CD94 / DAP12-expressing Jurkat cell line. The testing antibodies or isotype antibody were mixed with anti-human IgG4 Fc antibody and added to the co-culture at titrating concentrations. Following five hours of incubation at 37℃, luciferase activity was quantified using One-Glo Reagent. Relative Luciferase Units (RLU) data was plotted using GraphPad software. As shown in Figure 18, all the variants could activate NFAT signaling in a NKG2C-expressing Jurkat T cell line.
[0243] 4.2.5.3 NK92 mediated cytotoxicity assay
[0244] The effect of cAb017, H73. DR02 and H28. DR02 in NK92 mediated cytotoxicity was studied in assay 3.2.5. As shown in Figure 20, all the testing antibodies could improve the specific lysis of HLA-E expressing tumor cells. H73. DR02 and H28. DR02 showed similar potency to cAb017. The EC50 values are analyzed using Four-Parameter nonlinear fitting by GraphPad Prism 9.0 and shown as below:
[0245] Span=Maximum specific release-Minimum specific release
[0246] While particular embodiments have been described, alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents that are or may be presently unforeseen may arise to applicants or others skilled in the art. Accordingly, the appended claims as filed and as they may be amended are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents.
Claims
1.An antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof, comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) , wherein the VH comprises complementarity determining regions HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3 having an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 36, RIDPANXNTKYAPNFQG (SEQ ID NO: 37) and SEQ ID NO: 38, respectively; X is G or A; andthe VL comprises complementarity determining regions LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3 having an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 39, 40 and 41, respectively.2.The antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein X is G.3.The antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein X is A.4.The antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the VH and the VL are selected from the following:a) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 10, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 11;b) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 12, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 13;c) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 14, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 15;d) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 16, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 17;e) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 18, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 19;f) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 20, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 21;g) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 22, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 23;h) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 24, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 25;i) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 26, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 27;j) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 28, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 29;k) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 30, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 31;l) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 32, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 33;m) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 34, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 35;n) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 42, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 13;o) the VH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 43, and the VL comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%sequence identity SEQ ID NO: 29.5.The antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the VH comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11;the VH comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 13;the VH comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 15;the VH comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 16, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 17;the VH comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 18, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 19;the VH comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 20, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 21;the VH comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 22, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 23;the VH comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 24, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 25;the VH comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 26, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 27;the VH comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 28, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 29;the VH comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 30, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 31;the VH comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 32, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 33;the VH comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 34, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 35;the VH comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 42, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 13; orthe VH comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 43, and the VL comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 29, or conservative substitutions thereof.6.The antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof doesn’t bind to or barely binds to NKG2E.7.The antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof improves immune response, optionally, innate immune response.8.The antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof blocks the interaction between NKG2A / CD94 and MHC-1 molecule, optionally, the MHC-1 molecule is HLA-E.9.The antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment improves the lysis of HLA-E expressing cells, optionally, the HLA-E expressing cells include HLA-E expressing tumor cells.10.The antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof increases the response of NK cells, optionally the NK cells express NKG2A.11.The antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof plays an effect of NK mediated cytotoxicity to HLA-E expressed tumor cells.12.The antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof plays an effect of NK mediated cytotoxicity to HLA-E expressed tumor cells with EC50 no more than 1 nM, 0.8 nM, 0.5 nM, or 0.3 nM.13.The antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof upregulates CD107a (lysosomal associated membrane protein 1) .14.The antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-13, wherein the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof reverses the inhibition of T cell responses, optionally, the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof reverses the NKG2A / HLA-E mediated inhibition of T cell responses.15.The antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-14, wherein the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof activates T cells or increases the response of T cells, optionally the T cells express NKG2A or NKG2C.16.The antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-15, wherein the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof activates NFAT signaling.17.The antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-16, wherein the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof binds to NKG2A with EC50 no more than 1 nM, 0.8 nM or 0.6 nM, or with KD (affinity constant) no more than 9.9E-8 nM, 9.9E-9 nM or 9.9E-10 nM.18.The antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-17, wherein the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment blocks the interaction between NKG2A and HLA-E with IC50 no more than 1 nM, 0.8 nM or 0.6 nM.19.The antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-18, wherein the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof is chimeric or humanized.20.The antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-19, wherein the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a Fc fragment, optionally the Fc fragment is wildtype human IgG or human IgG with one or more mutation.21.An antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to a peptide as shown in SEQ ID NO: 8.22.A binding site comprising an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 8.23.An isolated polynucleotide encoding the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-21.24.An isolated vector comprising the polynucleotide of claim 23.25.A host cell comprising the isolated polynucleotide of claim 23 or the isolated vector of claim 24.26.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-21, the isolated polynucleotide of claim 23, the isolated vector of claim 24, or the host cell of claim 25, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.27.A kit, comprising the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-21, the binding site of claim 22, the isolated polynucleotide of claim 23, the isolated vector of claim 24, or the host cell of claim 25.28.Use of the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-21, the isolated polynucleotide of claim 23, the isolated vector of claim 24, the host cell of claim 25 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 26, the kit of claim 27 in the manufacture of a therapeutic agent in the diagnosis, prevention or treatment for a disease.29.The use of claim 28, wherein the disease comprises an oncology-related disease, an inflammation or autoimmunity disease, or an infectious disease.30.The use of claim 28 or 29, wherein the oncology-related disease comprises breast cancer, carcinoid cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, glioma, head and neck cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, renal cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, testicular cancer, thyroid cancer, bladder cancer, urethral cancer, or hematologic malignancy;the infectious disease comprises viral infectious disease and bacterial infectious disease;the inflammation or autoimmunity disease comprises arthritis, contact dermatitis, hyper-IgE syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, allergic asthma, and idiopathic inflammatory disease.31.A method of diagnosing, preventing or treating a subject having an oncology-related disease, an inflammation or autoimmunity disease, or an infectious disease, comprising administrating to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the antibody binding to NKG2A or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-21, the isolated polynucleotide of claim 23, the isolated vector of claim 24, the host cell of claim 25, the pharmaceutical composition of claim 26, or the kit of claim 27.32.The method of claim 31, wherein the method comprises enhancing immune response to the disease, optionally the method comprises enhancing innate immune response.33.The method of claim 31 or 32, wherein the method comprises reduced adverse effects in diagnosing, preventing or treating the disease.34.The method of any one of claims 31-33, wherein the oncology-related disease comprises breast cancer, carcinoid cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, glioma, head and neck cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, renal cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, testicular cancer, thyroid cancer, bladder cancer, urethral cancer, or hematologic malignancy;the infectious disease comprises viral infectious disease and bacterial infectious disease;the inflammation or autoimmunity disease comprises arthritis, contact dermatitis, hyper-IgE syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, allergic asthma, and idiopathic inflammatory disease.35.The method of any one of claims 31-34, wherein the method improves the lysis of HLA-E expressing cells; optionally, the method improves the lysis of HLA-E expressing tumor cells.36.The method of any one of claims 31-35, wherein the method comprises(1) increasing the response of NK cells;(2) upregulating CD107a;(3) activating T cells or increasing the response of T cells; or(4) activating NFAT signaling.