Building element, in particular a clay brick, and process for construction of a reinforced masonry work

Abstract

Building element, in particular a clay brick, which comprises a main body (10) extended along a first prevalent direction (D1) between a front wall (2) and an opposite rear wall (3); along a second prevalent direction (D2) between a first lateral wall (4) and an opposite second lateral wall (5); and along a transverse direction (D3), between a lower edge (6) and an opposite upper edge (6'). On the main body (10), a plurality of through cavities (7) is made, each extended along the transverse direction (D3) and comprising at least one passage cavity (71), made at the front wall (2) and intended to house electrical components. In addition, the through cavities (7) comprise at least one insulation cavity (72), which is made spaced from the front wall (2) and inside which a first insulating material (8) is inserted; and at least one filling cavity (73), interposed between the passage cavity (71) and the insulation cavity (72) and intended to be filled with reinforced concrete. In addition, the filling cavity (73) is at least partly delimited laterally by an intermediate edge section (60, 60') of at least one between the lower edge (6) and the upper edge (6'), on which at least one edge recess (61, 61') is mad for the passage of at least one bar (9) of a reinforcement for reinforced concrete.

Description

Field of application

[0001] The present finding regards a building element, in particular a clay brick, and a process for construction of a reinforced masonry work, according to the preamble of the independent claims 1 and 10.

[0002] The present building element and process for construction are advantageously intended to be employed for making reinforced masonry works for building constructions, in particular reinforced masonry works in clay brick and concrete.

[0003] The present building element and building process are therefore inserted in the industrial field of attainment of materials for building constructions and for laying such materials in place.State of the art

[0004] Known in the construction field are buildings entirely made of reinforced concrete, which are attained starting from formworks made of modular plastic or wood. Such formworks are joined together at the construction site in order to define inside them a filling volume having the shape of a wall or of an attic to be attained and are then filled with a concrete casting after having placed iron reinforcements at their interior.

[0005] Once the concrete is solidified and has become sufficiently strong, the formworks can be removed and possibly reused for another work operation.

[0006] In order to facilitate and speed up this construction type, in particular in order to avoid removing the formworks, also known in the building material field are several building elements that have been suitably designed to act as formworks and simultaneously remain integrated in the structure, the so-called "formwork blocks".

[0007] These formwork blocks, generally made of concrete or wood-concrete, have two parallel walls extended along a prevalent extension direction, between which a filling cavity is situated, which can be divided into multiple chambers communicating by means of crosspieces between the walls.

[0008] In operation, the formwork blocks are set in place substantially in the same manner as normal bricks, aligning them along their prevalent extension direction and stacking them to form a continuous wall and with the filling cavities communicating with each other. Subsequently, in the aforesaid filling cavities, the reinforcement is inserted and the concrete casting is poured, which comes to form a continuous structure within the wall attained with the formwork blocks.

[0009] Therefore, as anticipated, such building elements not only act as formworks for the reinforced concrete but they also become an integral part of the entire structure, hence without having to be removed after the concrete has solidified.

[0010] The materials with which the formwork blocks are formed have different insulating properties. In particular, the formwork blocks made of wood-concrete (comprising concrete and wood chips), already have for example an optimal insulation effect, while the formwork blocks made of light or heavy concrete have only a slight insulating effect.

[0011] It is known to increase or create an insulating effect in the formwork blocks by providing for further insulating layers, in particular by generally inserting cut-to-size insulating panels in the same filling cavity. In particular, several embodiments of such formwork blocks with insulation are shown in the patents DE 2644897 and IT 102017000084285.

[0012] The building elements, i.e. in particular the formwork blocks, described up to now have in practice shown that they do not lack drawbacks.

[0013] A first drawback lies in the fact that the contact between the insulation placed within the filling cavity of the formwork block and the concrete after laying has a negative effect on both the components due to the different rigidity and hardness thereof. Indeed, on one hand, such aspect impacts the concrete structure, negatively affecting the load-bearing capacity of the concrete core which does not have a stable abutment surface on the insulation. On the other hand, the insulation, generally foam, is subjected to stresses by the concrete, being compacted and losing its insulation capacity.

[0014] Nevertheless, the arrangement of the insulation in a different seat is not possible, since the dimensions of the formwork blocks are standardized and the rather high thickness of their walls is dictated by the strength of the material with which they are attained and by their production process. Such aspect makes it impossible to provide for possible dividing walls, since they would decrease the space dedicated to the concrete casting in a considerable and unacceptable manner.

[0015] A further drawback lies in the fact that the insulation present in the formwork blocks of known type is in any case not of an amount sufficient for ensuring a satisfactory insulation and therefore the masonry works attained with such building elements still require the application of an external coat. The latter, as known, is widely made of polymer material, which has a non-negligible environmental impact in terms of production and disposal.

[0016] A further drawback lies in the fact that, after the attainment of the masonry work, the wall of the formwork block directed towards the inside of the room, as well as a part of the concrete itself, must often be broken in order to make tracks that will house cables and other components of electrical systems. Such aspect is extremely detrimental to the structural strength of the building work, since, in addition to removing part of the load-bearing structure, there is the risk of exposing or damaging also the internal reinforcement.

[0017] Further embodiments of formwork blocks are described in the patents WO 0019032 and EP 4353921. For example, in patent WO 0019032 a formwork block is illustrated that is provided with cavities intended for a reinforced concrete casting, alternated with cavities intended for the passage of air within the masonry.

[0018] In addition, in patent EP 4353921, a plastic formwork block is illustrated, provided with coupling means in order to be connected with other adjacent formwork blocks and configured for being filled with reinforced concrete.

[0019] In addition, known from the patents DE 102006022871 and EP 4311894 are other building elements, respectively made of clay brick and concrete, provided with cavities arranged for receiving an insulating material, placed side by side cavities for the passage of air within the masonry.

[0020] All the above-illustrated building elements have the same previously illustrated drawbacks, relative to the low efficiency in terms of thermal insulation and to the difficulty, if not impossibility, of installing electrical components at their interior.Presentation of the invention

[0021] In this situation, the problem underlying the present invention is therefore that of overcoming the drawbacks manifested by the solutions of known type discussed above, by providing a building element, in particular a clay brick, and a process for construction of a reinforced masonry work, which allow attaining reinforced masonry works that are structurally stable and at the same time thermally insulated in an effective manner.

[0022] Another object of the present invention is to provide a building element, in particular a clay brick, and a process for construction of a reinforced masonry work, which allow attaining reinforced masonry works in which it is possible to make tracks for electrical components without compromising the structural aspect.

[0023] Another object of the present invention is to provide a building element, in particular a clay brick, which is durable over time.

[0024] Another object of the present invention is to provide a building element, in particular a clay brick, and a process for construction of a reinforced masonry work, which have a low environmental impact.

[0025] Another object of the present invention is to provide a building element, in particular a clay brick, that is simple and inexpensive to attain.

[0026] Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for construction of a reinforced masonry work, that is simple and inexpensive to actuate.Brief description of the drawings

[0027] The technical characteristics of the invention, according to the aforesaid objects, are clearly seen in the content of the below-reported claims and the advantages thereof will be more evident in the following detailed description, made with reference to the enclosed drawings, which represent several merely exemplifying and non-limiting embodiments of the invention, in which: figures 1a and 1b show two different axonometric views of a preferred embodiment of the building element of the present invention, in which an insulating material is removed in order to better show the interior of the through cavities; figure 2 shows a side view of the building element of figure 1a; figure 3 shows a top view of the building element of figure 1a; figure 4 shows a step of laying the building elements of a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention; figure 5 shows a step of inserting bars of a reinforcement for reinforced concrete of a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention; figure 6 shows an axonometric view of a first embodiment variant of the building element of the present invention; figure 7 shows a top view of the building element of figure 6, in which an insulating material is removed in order to better show the interior of the through cavities; figure 8 shows an axonometric view of a second embodiment variant of the building element of the present invention; figure 9 shows a top view of the building element of figure 8, in which an insulating material is removed in order to better show the interior of the through cavities; figure 10a and 10b show two possible different placements of the building element of figure 8 in a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention. Detailed description of a preferred embodiment

[0028] With reference to the enclosed drawings, reference number 1 overall indicates the building element, in particular a clay brick, object of the present invention.

[0029] The present building element 1 is advantageously intended to be employed for attaining reinforced masonry works for building constructions, in particular reinforced masonry works in clay brick and concrete. In particular, the building element 1 is a perforated brick.

[0030] The building element 1 according to the invention comprises a main body 10, preferably made of clay brick. Such material, substantially consisting of clay, advantageously allows being worked in a manner such to obtain a building element 1 with walls of lower thickness with respect to concrete and stronger given the same such parameter. In particular, the walls 2, 3, 4, 5, 11 of the building element 1 described hereinbelow have thickness smaller than or equal to 30 mm, preferably smaller than or equal to 20 mm, more preferably smaller than or equal to 15 mm, still more preferably smaller than or equal to 12 mm. For example, the walls 2, 3, 4, 5, 11 can have thickness of 8 mm, or 10 mm, or 12 mm based on the structural and / or production needs and / or based on the point of the main body 10 where they are found. The main body 10 is extended along a first prevalent direction D1 between a front wall 2, intended to be positioned in place towards the inside of a room, and an opposite rear wall 3, advantageously parallel to the front wall 2. In particular, the rear wall 3 is intended to be positioned directed towards a room exterior, i.e. a building exterior.

[0031] In addition, the main body 10 is extended along a second prevalent direction D2 between a first lateral wall 4 and an opposite second lateral wall 5, placed to connect the front wall 2 and the rear wall 3. Advantageously, the first lateral wall 4 and the second lateral wall 5 are extended parallel to each other. In particular, in accordance with the preferred embodiment illustrated in the enclosed figures, the main body 10 is extended with a first extension L1 along the first prevalent direction D1. Advantageously, the first extension L1, i.e. the length of the building element 1, is measured as the distance between the more external point of the front wall 2 and the more external point of the rear wall 3.

[0032] In addition, advantageously the main body 10 is extended with a second extension L2 along the second prevalent direction D2. Advantageously, the second extension L2, i.e. the width of the building element 1, is measured as the distance between the more external point of the first lateral wall 4 and the more external point of the second lateral wall 5.

[0033] Preferably, the first extension D1 is greater than the second extension D2. In this manner, indeed, different from the known building elements previously described above, it is possible to optimally organize the spaces inside the building element 1 in order to further improve the mechanical strength and the thermal insulation of the building element 1, as will be better illustrated hereinbelow.

[0034] In particular, the first extension L1 is comprised between 250 and 600 mm, preferably comprised between 350 and 500 mm, more preferably comprised between 420 and 470 mm, still more preferably about 450 mm.

[0035] Advantageously, in addition, the second extension L2 is comprised between 150 and 400 mm, preferably comprised between 200 and 300 mm, more preferably comprised between 220 and 270 mm, still more preferably about 250 mm.

[0036] In addition, the main body 10 is extended along a transverse direction D3, perpendicular to the first prevalent direction D1 and to the second prevalent direction D2, between a lower edge 6 and an opposite upper edge 6'. In particular, the front wall 2, the rear wall 3, the first lateral wall 4 and the second lateral wall 5 form a perimeter wall overall extended between the lower edge 6 and the upper edge 6'.

[0037] Advantageously, the lower edge 6 delimits a lower face 62 and the upper edge 6' delimits an upper face 62'. In particular, such upper and lower faces are perforated, as will be illustrated hereinbelow.

[0038] Advantageously the main body 10 is extended with a third extension L3 along the transverse direction D3. Advantageously, the third extension L3, i.e. the height of the building element 1, is measured as distance between the more external point of the lower face 62 and the more external point of the upper face 62'.

[0039] Advantageously, in addition, the third extension L3 is comprised between 150 and 400 mm, preferably comprised between 200 and 300 mm, more preferably comprised between 220 and 270 mm, still more preferably about 250 mm.

[0040] According to the invention, on the main body 10, a plurality of through cavities 7 is attained, each extended along the transverse direction D3. In particular, each through cavity 7 is extended between a lower opening 7', in particular made on the lower face 62 of the main body 10, and an upper opening 7", in particular made on the upper face 62' of the main body 10.

[0041] According to the idea underlying the present invention the plurality of through cavities 7 comprises at least one passage cavity 71, made at the front wall 2 and intended to house electrical components. Advantageously, the passage cavity 71 is frontally delimited, i.e. on the side intended to be placed towards the inside of the room, by the same front wall 2.

[0042] According to the invention, the plurality of through cavities 7 also comprises at least one insulation cavity 72, which is made spaced from the front wall 2, preferably in proximity to the rear wall 3, and inside which a first insulating material 8 is inserted.

[0043] In accordance with the preferred embodiment, illustrated in the enclosed figures, the insulation cavity 72 is made at the rear wall 3. In other words, the insulation cavity 72 is delimited to the rear, i.e. on the side intended to be placed towards the room exterior, by the same rear wall 3.

[0044] In accordance with an alternative embodiment not illustrated in the figures, the plurality of through cavities 7 comprises at least one ventilation cavity placed at the rear wall 3. In particular, the ventilation cavity is interposed between the rear wall 3 and the insulation cavity 73. Such ventilation cavity is in particular left free in order to facilitate the circulation of air at its interior.

[0045] The latter embodiment is particularly suitable if the building element 1 is also used for building a ventilated wall.

[0046] According to the invention, the plurality of through cavities 7 also comprises at least one filling cavity 73, interposed between the passage cavity 71 and the insulation cavity 72 and intended to be filled with reinforced concrete.

[0047] More in detail, the filling cavity 73 is at least partly delimited laterally by an intermediate edge section 60, 60' of at least one between the lower edge 6 and the upper edge 6'.

[0048] Advantageously, on the intermediate edge section 60, 60', at least one edge recess 61, 61' is made for the passage of at least one bar 9 of a reinforcement for reinforced concrete.

[0049] In this manner, the building element 1 according to the invention allows being used substantially as a formwork for reinforced concrete without the concrete coming into contact with the insulation, nor does it have to be broken in order to create space for possible electrical systems. In addition, the presence of a passage cavity 71 suitably provided for housing electrical components or other possible plants (e.g. thermal or hydraulic) ensures that the installation of such components is facilitated, together with the possible passage between one floor of a building and the next.

[0050] In addition, the optimization of the further spaces allowed by the building elements made of concrete or wood-concrete allows increasing the thermal insulation given the same mechanical strength.

[0051] Advantageously, both the lower edge 6 and the upper edge 6' comprise a corresponding intermediate edge section 60, 60', preferably on both sides.

[0052] Advantageously, in addition, on all the intermediate edge sections 60, 60', at least one corresponding edge recess 61, 61' is made for the passage of at least one bar 9 of a reinforcement for reinforced concrete.

[0053] In accordance with a first embodiment variant, illustrated in figure 6, the edge recess 61, 61' is made only on the intermediate edge sections 60, 60' of the upper edge 6' (or only of the lower edge 6). In this manner, as will be illustrated hereinbelow, the bar 9 of the reinforcement for reinforced concrete can be introduced in place every two layers of building elements 1.

[0054] Such characteristic is advantageously also present in a second embodiment variant of the building element, which will be described hereinbelow, illustrated in figure 8.

[0055] Advantageously, also the passage cavity 71 is filled with a second insulating material 8'. Preferably, the second insulating material 8' is sufficiently soft and capable of being at least partially hollowed out or removed in order to make space for the components of the plant.

[0056] Such aspect advantageously improves the thermal insulation of the building element 1, at least in all the points where the passage of system components is not provided for.

[0057] Preferably, the first insulating material 8 and / or the second insulating material 8' is a cement-based insulating foam, preferably containing natural cement.

[0058] In particular, the aforesaid cement-based insulating foam is of the type described in the patent 102024000011884, which is to be considered herein for reference purposes, and therefore will not be described in more detail hereinbelow.

[0059] Of course, without departing from the protective scope of the present invention, the cement-based insulating foam can have a different formulation and also comprise other cement types.

[0060] In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention, illustrated in the enclosed figures, along the first prevalent direction D1, the passage cavity 71 is extended with a first depth P1.

[0061] In addition, the insulation cavity 72 is extended advantageously along the first prevalent direction D1 with a second depth P2.

[0062] In addition, the filling cavity 73 is advantageously extended along the first prevalent direction D1 with a third depth P3.

[0063] Preferably, the first depth P1 is smaller than the third depth P3. In this manner, more space is dedicated to the structural stability. Advantageously, in addition, the first depth P1 è smaller than or equal to the second depth P2. Advantageously, in addition, the second depth P2 is smaller than or equal to the third depth P3.

[0064] If also a ventilation cavity is present, as indicated above, the latter is extended advantageously along the first prevalent direction D1 with a corresponding fourth depth. Advantageously, the fourth depth is equal to the first depth P1 and in particular, smaller than the second depth P2 and the third depth P3.

[0065] Advantageously, the first depth P1 is comprised between 25 and 60 mm, preferably comprised between 30 and 55 mm, more preferably comprised between 35 and 50 mm, still more preferably comprised between 40 and 45 mm.

[0066] Advantageously, the second depth P2 is comprised between 25 and 75 mm, preferably comprised between 30 and 70 mm, more preferably comprised between 35 and 65 mm, still more preferably comprised between 40 and 60 mm.

[0067] Advantageously, the third depth P3 is comprised between 100 and 160 mm, preferably comprised between 110 and 150 mm, more preferably comprised between 120 and 140 mm, still more preferably comprised between 128 and 135 mm.

[0068] Advantageously, the fourth depth (if also the ventilation cavity is present) is comprised between 25 and 60 mm, preferably comprised between 30 and 55 mm, more preferably comprised between 35 and 50 mm, still more preferably comprised between 40 and 45 mm.

[0069] Advantageously, the main body 10 of the building element 1 comprises at least one dividing wall 11 extended along the first prevalent direction D1.

[0070] More in detail, the plurality of through cavities 7 comprises at least two series of cavities 70, placed side by side along the second prevalent direction D2 is separated by the dividing wall 11. Advantageously, each of the series of cavities 70 comprises at least one passage cavity 71, at least one insulation cavity 72 and / or at least one filling cavity 73, preferably all three.

[0071] In addition, in the alternative embodiment, each of the series of cavities 70 comprises in particular also at least one ventilation cavity.

[0072] Advantageously, in addition, at least one of the series of cavities 70 comprises two or more insulation cavities 72 placed along the first prevalent direction D1. For example, as is visible in the preferred embodiment illustrated in the enclosed figures, the series of cavities 70 comprises four insulation cavities 72.

[0073] Such characteristic is advantageously also present in the first embodiment variant of the building element, illustrated in figure 6.

[0074] In accordance with a second embodiment variant, illustrated in figure 8 and 9, the series of cavities 70 comprises a passage cavity 71, attained at the front wall 2 and three insulation cavities 72, two of which at the rear wall 3 and one interposed between the passage cavity 71 and the filling cavity 73.

[0075] Otherwise, in accordance with the alternative embodiment, the series of cavities 70 comprises two or three insulation cavities 72 and a ventilation cavity. In this case, more generally, the building element 1 can have a shape equal to the building element 1 illustrated in the enclosed figures, but leaving empty the through cavity 7 (or the through cavities 7) adjacent to the rear wall 3.

[0076] In accordance with all the described embodiments, advantageously the sum of the second depths P2 of the insulation cavities 72 is equal to or greater than the first depth Pl.

[0077] In addition, the sum of the second depths P2 of the insulation cavities 72 is preferably equal to or greater than the third depth P3. In this manner, it is possible to obtain a building element 1 with optimal insulating properties.

[0078] Overall, therefore, advantageously the greater extension of the through cavities 7 is dedicated to the insulation, an intermediate extension of the through cavities 7 is dedicated to the structural solidity, and a minimum but sufficient extension of the through cavities 7 is dedicated to the passage of electrical components (and optionally also to the insulation). In addition, a further minimum but sufficient extension of the through cavities 7 is optionally dedicated to the ventilation.

[0079] Of course, without departing from the protective scope of the invention, it is possible to attain more or less cavities depending on the construction needs, as long as they are provided in series along the first prevalent direction D1 at least one passage cavity 71, at least one filling cavity 73 and at least one insulation cavity 72.

[0080] Advantageously, the dividing wall 11 is continuous and is extended rectilinear along the entire first prevalent direction D1, in particular from the front wall 2 to the rear wall 3.

[0081] In accordance with a first embodiment variant, illustrated in figure 6 and 7, the main body 10 comprises multiple dividing walls 11 (or in an equivalent manner, a dividing wall 11 divided into multiple sections) staggered with respect to each other along the first prevalent direction D1.

[0082] The latter embodiment variant is preferable so as to considerably decrease the thermal bridges between the front wall 2 and the rear wall 3 and thus increase the thermal insulation.

[0083] In accordance with the preferred embodiment illustrated in the enclosed figures, the dividing wall 11 comprises an intermediate section 110 placed to divide adjacent filling cavities 73.

[0084] As illustrated in figures 1a, 1b, 2, 4 and 5, also on such intermediate section 110 at least one edge recess 61, 61' is made, preferably one at the upper face 62' and one at the lower face 62, for housing the bar 9 of a reinforcement for reinforced concrete.

[0085] In accordance with a first embodiment variant, illustrated in figure 6, the intermediate section 110 is substantially solid, i.e. it has no edge recesses 61, 61'. Optionally, in such case, on such intermediate section 110, at least one weakening line 111 is made, which can or example be a notch or a narrowing of the section of the dividing wall 11. In particular, the weakening line 111 is attained in a manner such to be able to easily remove a portion of the intermediate section 110 and if necessary make an edge recess 61, 61' aligned with the edge recesses 61, 61' made on the first lateral wall 4 and on the second lateral wall 5.

[0086] If such portion of the intermediate section 110 is not removed, this can act as a support for the bar 9 of a reinforcement for reinforced concrete.

[0087] In accordance with the preferred embodiment illustrated in the enclosed figures, so as to improve the structural stability when the building elements 1 are set in place, the first lateral wall 4 and the second lateral wall 5 are not completely flat, but have misaligned portions.

[0088] Advantageously, the first lateral wall 4 comprises at least one first raised portion 41 and at least one first depressed portion 42. More in detail, the first raised portion 41 and the first depressed portion 42 are placed in series and staggered along the first prevalent direction D1 with the first raised portion 41 placed more externally with respect to the first depressed portion 42. In particular, between the first raised portion 41 and the first depressed portion 42, a first shoulder 43 is present.

[0089] Advantageously, in addition, the second lateral wall 5 comprises at least one second raised portion 51 and at least one second depressed portion 52. More in detail, the second raised portion 51 and the second depressed portion 52 are placed in series and staggered along the first prevalent direction D1 with the second raised portion 51 placed more externally with respect to the second depressed portion 52. In particular, between the second raised portion 51 and the second depressed portion 52, a second shoulder 53 is present.

[0090] In particular, along the second prevalent direction D2, the second raised portion 51 is aligned with the first depressed portion 42. In addition, along the second prevalent direction D2, the second depressed portion 52 is aligned with the first raised portion 41.

[0091] In this manner, when two building elements 1 are placed side by side with the adjacent first lateral wall 4 and second lateral wall 5, the fitting between the misaligned portions of such walls, in particular between the first shoulder 43 and the second shoulder 53, allows preventing that such building elements 1 be misaligned along the second prevalent direction D2 (i.e. relatively moved along the first prevalent direction D1).

[0092] More in detail, the distance between first raised portion 41 and the first depressed portion 42, measured along the second prevalent direction D2, is substantially equal to the distance between second raised portion 51 and the second depressed portion 52, always measured along the second prevalent direction D2.

[0093] In accordance with the preferred embodiment illustrated in the enclosed figures, the first lateral wall 4 comprises two first depressed portions 42 between which a first raised portion 41 is interposed.

[0094] Advantageously, in addition, the second lateral wall 5 comprises two second raised portions 51 between which a second depressed portion 52 is interposed.

[0095] In accordance with the first embodiment variant illustrated in figure 6 and 7, the first lateral wall 4 comprises four first raised portions 41, between which three first depressed portions 42 are interposed. Advantageously, in addition, the second lateral wall 5 comprises four second depressed portions 52, between which three second raised portions 51 are interposed.

[0096] Of course, without departing from the protective scope of the invention, any other combination of raised portions 41, 51 and depressed portions 42, 52 will be possible.

[0097] In accordance with a second embodiment variant of the building element, illustrated in figures 8, 9 and 10a-b, the first lateral wall 4 comprises at least three first depressed portions 42, between which at least two first raised portions 41 are interposed.

[0098] Advantageously, in addition, the second lateral wall 5 comprises at least three second raised portions 51, between which at least two second depressed portions 52 are interposed.

[0099] In addition, in accordance with a preferred characteristic of the second embodiment of the building element 1, also applicable to the other described variants, a filling cavity 73 is laterally open. In other words, one between the first lateral wall 4 and the second lateral wall 5 is interrupted at the filling cavity 73.

[0100] In particular, the plurality of through cavities 7 comprises two series of cavities 70 in which in one of the series of cavities 70 there is a laterally closed filling cavity 73, and in the other of the series of cavities 70 there is a laterally open filling cavity 73.

[0101] In this manner, the modularity and the combinability of the building element 1 are advantageously improved, for example as is visible in figures 10a and 10b, in particular by increasing the continuity of the concrete casting poured into the filling cavity 73.

[0102] In addition, the weight of the single building element 1 is advantageously decreased overall.

[0103] Preferably, in addition, the main body 10 of the building element 1 in accordance with the second embodiment variant is symmetric with respect to the second prevalent direction D2, as is visible in figure 9. Preferably, in addition, all the passage 71 and insulation 72 cavities are filled with the same insulating material 8, 8'. In this manner, the attainment and setting in place thereof is simpler, since it is not necessary to distinguish between a rear part and a front part.

[0104] In operation, the building element 1 is advantageously obtained initially by means of extrusion and cutting of a ceramic paste for clay bricks, in order to obtain an extruded semifinished product having the pre-established section of the building element 1 itself.

[0105] In particular, during the cutting, the edge recess 61, 61' is also attained on the intermediate edge section 60, 60' of the upper edge 6' and / or of the lower edge 6.

[0106] Subsequently, the extruded semifinished product is advantageously dried and subjected to thermal treatment, in a per se known manner, in order to obtain a hardened semifinished product.

[0107] Subsequently, the hardened semifinished product is advantageously filled in the insulation cavities 72 with the first insulating material 8, and preferably also in the passage cavity 71 with the second insulating material 8'.

[0108] If necessary, such materials are then left to harden. In particular, in the event in which the first insulating material 8 and / or the second insulating material 8' is a cement-based insulating foam, it is sufficient to allow the latter to harden without further thermal treatments.

[0109] Finally, the lower face 62 and the upper face 62' are advantageously ground in particular in order to eliminate possible imperfections or excess of the hardened insulating material, thus obtaining the finished building element 1.

[0110] Also forming the object of the present invention is a process for construction of a reinforced masonry work 100, preferably built by means of the use of a building element 1, in particular a clay brick, described above, regarding which the same reference numbers are maintained for the sake of description clarity.

[0111] The process according to the invention first of all provides for a a step of arranging a plurality of building elements 1 described above, which therefore will not be further described hereinbelow.

[0112] In addition, the process comprises a step of laying the building elements 1, in which the building elements 1 are placed in series along a laying direction X, parallel to the second prevalent direction D2, with the first lateral wall 4 in contact with the second lateral wall 5 of an adjacent building element 1, and on multiple superimposed layers along the transverse direction D3. Advantageously, the building elements 1 on two different layers are placed with the filling cavities 73 aligned with each other.

[0113] In addition, in the laying step, the building elements 1 on two different layers are placed staggered, i.e. each astride two lower building elements 1. In particular, the building elements 1 are placed in a manner such that the two series of cavities 70 of a building element 1 are placed aligned vertically with corresponding series of cavities 70, each belonging to a different building element 1 of the lower layer. Advantageously, in the step of laying on each building element 1, a binder is applied (e.g. an organic glue or a hydraulic binder) before placing it on the lower layer, so as to fix it to the the latter and improve the solidity and stability of the reinforced masonry work 100.

[0114] The process comprises, in addition, a step of inserting transverse bars 91, substantially parallel to the transverse direction D3, within the filling cavities 73. In addition, the insertion step provides for the insertion of longitudinal bars 92, substantially parallel to the second prevalent direction D2 and passing at the edge recess 61, 61' of the building element, to form a reinforcement for reinforced concrete.

[0115] More in detail, before the insertion of the longitudinal bars 92, the insertion step provides for placing a support element within the filling cavity 73 in order to support the longitudinal bars 92 themselves in a manner such that they do not come into contact with the edge recess 61, 61' of the intermediate edge section 60, 60'.

[0116] In particular, the support element is made of metal or plastic and is supported by at least two opposite internal surfaces of the filling cavities 73.

[0117] In accordance with an embodiment variant, in which the building element illustrated in figure 6 is for example used, the support element is constituted by the edge of the same intermediate section 110 of the dividing wall 11. Therefore, advantageously, in this case the portion of dividing wall 11 is not removed and it is not necessary in this case to use additional components.

[0118] However, with the laying of an upper layer, the portion of dividing wall 11 of the building element 1 that must be laid is removed, in a manner such to attain the edge recess 61. Subsequently, the building element 1 is placed with the edge recess 61 directed downward, in a manner such that the longitudinal bar 92 can be housed therein (in abutment against the dividing wall 11 of the lower building element 1). In accordance with this embodiment variant, the building elements 1 are placed with alternated layers, in which in a first layer the lower face 62 is substantially flat and the upper face 62' returns inward at the edge recesses 61', while in a second layer the upper face 62' is substantially flat and the lower face 62 returns inward at the edge recesses 61.

[0119] Advantageously, also by employing the second embodiment variant of the building element 1, illustrated in figure 8, the building elements 1 are placed with alternated layers, in which in a first layer the lower face 62 is substantially flat and the upper face 62' returns inward at the edge recesses 61', while in a second layer the upper face 62' is substantially flat and the lower face 62 returns inward at the edge recesses 61.

[0120] In figure 10a and 10b, several examples are illustrated of steps for laying and inserting building elements 1 in accordance with such second embodiment variant. In particular, as is visible in such figure, in the case of angular positioning of such building elements 1, several cavities of one of the series of cavities 70 can be removed.

[0121] The insertion step advantageously provides for the binding of the transverse bars 91 with the longitudinal bars 92 in a manner such to form a stable reinforcement.

[0122] Suitably, the longitudinal bars 92 can be provided for each layer of building elements 1, or each 3-5 layers.

[0123] Advantageously, the laying step and the insertion step are thus alternated with each other.

[0124] In accordance with an alternative embodiment, the laying step can be executed multiple consecutive times, e.g. within a factory, in order to obtain a prefabricated wall provided with multiple layers of building elements 1. Subsequently, such prefabricated wall is advantageously transported to the building site of the reinforced masonry work 100.

[0125] In this case, the insertion step is executed by applying the longitudinal bars 92 and transverse bars 91 on the prefabricated wall.

[0126] Of course, also in such alternative embodiment, it is possible to once again execute the laying step, by superimposing further building elements 1 or prefabricated walls, subsequent to the insertion step depending of the height of the reinforced masonry work 100 that one wishes to attain.

[0127] The process also comprises a casting step, in which said filling cavities 73 are filled with a concrete casting.

[0128] Advantageously, the process comprises a step of maturing the concrete, in which the concrete is left to harden, so that there is the hydration and the complete hardening to form a reinforced masonry work. By means of the present process, it is possible to obtain, in a simple an quick manner, a reinforced masonry work that is structurally stable and strong, as well as provided with optimal thermal insulation. The invention thus conceived therefore achieves the pre-established objects.

Examples

first embodiment

[0053]In accordance with a first embodiment variant, illustrated in figure 6, the edge recess 61, 61' is made only on the intermediate edge sections 60, 60' of the upper edge 6' (or only of the lower edge 6). In this manner, as will be illustrated hereinbelow, the bar 9 of the reinforcement for reinforced concrete can be introduced in place every two layers of building elements 1.

second embodiment

[0054]Such characteristic is advantageously also present in a second embodiment variant of the building element, which will be described hereinbelow, illustrated in figure 8.

[0055]Advantageously, also the passage cavity 71 is filled with a second insulating material 8'. Preferably, the second insulating material 8' is sufficiently soft and capable of being at least partially hollowed out or removed in order to make space for the components of the plant.

[0056]Such aspect advantageously improves the thermal insulation of the building element 1, at least in all the points where the passage of system components is not provided for.

[0057]Preferably, the first insulating material 8 and / or the second insulating material 8' is a cement-based insulating foam, preferably containing natural cement.

[0058]In particular, the aforesaid cement-based insulating foam is of the type described in the patent 102024000011884, which is to be considered herein for reference purposes, and therefore will not...

Field of application

[0001] The present finding regards a building element, in particular a clay brick, and a process for construction of a reinforced masonry work, according to the preamble of the independent claims 1 and 10.

[0002] The present building element and process for construction are advantageously intended to be employed for making reinforced masonry works for building constructions, in particular reinforced masonry works in clay brick and concrete.

[0003] The present building element and building process are therefore inserted in the industrial field of attainment of materials for building constructions and for laying such materials in place.State of the art

[0004] Known in the construction field are buildings entirely made of reinforced concrete, which are attained starting from formworks made of modular plastic or wood. Such formworks are joined together at the construction site in order to define inside them a filling volume having the shape of a wall or of an attic to be attained and are then filled with a concrete casting after having placed iron reinforcements at their interior.

[0005] Once the concrete is solidified and has become sufficiently strong, the formworks can be removed and possibly reused for another work operation.

[0006] In order to facilitate and speed up this construction type, in particular in order to avoid removing the formworks, also known in the building material field are several building elements that have been suitably designed to act as formworks and simultaneously remain integrated in the structure, the so-called "formwork blocks".

[0007] These formwork blocks, generally made of concrete or wood-concrete, have two parallel walls extended along a prevalent extension direction, between which a filling cavity is situated, which can be divided into multiple chambers communicating by means of crosspieces between the walls.

[0008] In operation, the formwork blocks are set in place substantially in the same manner as normal bricks, aligning them along their prevalent extension direction and stacking them to form a continuous wall and with the filling cavities communicating with each other. Subsequently, in the aforesaid filling cavities, the reinforcement is inserted and the concrete casting is poured, which comes to form a continuous structure within the wall attained with the formwork blocks.

[0009] Therefore, as anticipated, such building elements not only act as formworks for the reinforced concrete but they also become an integral part of the entire structure, hence without having to be removed after the concrete has solidified.

[0010] The materials with which the formwork blocks are formed have different insulating properties. In particular, the formwork blocks made of wood-concrete (comprising concrete and wood chips), already have for example an optimal insulation effect, while the formwork blocks made of light or heavy concrete have only a slight insulating effect.

[0011] It is known to increase or create an insulating effect in the formwork blocks by providing for further insulating layers, in particular by generally inserting cut-to-size insulating panels in the same filling cavity. In particular, several embodiments of such formwork blocks with insulation are shown in the patents DE 2644897 and IT 102017000084285.

[0012] The building elements, i.e. in particular the formwork blocks, described up to now have in practice shown that they do not lack drawbacks.

[0013] A first drawback lies in the fact that the contact between the insulation placed within the filling cavity of the formwork block and the concrete after laying has a negative effect on both the components due to the different rigidity and hardness thereof. Indeed, on one hand, such aspect impacts the concrete structure, negatively affecting the load-bearing capacity of the concrete core which does not have a stable abutment surface on the insulation. On the other hand, the insulation, generally foam, is subjected to stresses by the concrete, being compacted and losing its insulation capacity.

[0014] Nevertheless, the arrangement of the insulation in a different seat is not possible, since the dimensions of the formwork blocks are standardized and the rather high thickness of their walls is dictated by the strength of the material with which they are attained and by their production process. Such aspect makes it impossible to provide for possible dividing walls, since they would decrease the space dedicated to the concrete casting in a considerable and unacceptable manner.

[0015] A further drawback lies in the fact that the insulation present in the formwork blocks of known type is in any case not of an amount sufficient for ensuring a satisfactory insulation and therefore the masonry works attained with such building elements still require the application of an external coat. The latter, as known, is widely made of polymer material, which has a non-negligible environmental impact in terms of production and disposal.

[0016] A further drawback lies in the fact that, after the attainment of the masonry work, the wall of the formwork block directed towards the inside of the room, as well as a part of the concrete itself, must often be broken in order to make tracks that will house cables and other components of electrical systems. Such aspect is extremely detrimental to the structural strength of the building work, since, in addition to removing part of the load-bearing structure, there is the risk of exposing or damaging also the internal reinforcement.

[0017] Further embodiments of formwork blocks are described in the patents WO 0019032 and EP 4353921. For example, in patent WO 0019032 a formwork block is illustrated that is provided with cavities intended for a reinforced concrete casting, alternated with cavities intended for the passage of air within the masonry.

[0018] In addition, in patent EP 4353921, a plastic formwork block is illustrated, provided with coupling means in order to be connected with other adjacent formwork blocks and configured for being filled with reinforced concrete.

[0019] In addition, known from the patents DE 102006022871 and EP 4311894 are other building elements, respectively made of clay brick and concrete, provided with cavities arranged for receiving an insulating material, placed side by side cavities for the passage of air within the masonry.

[0020] All the above-illustrated building elements have the same previously illustrated drawbacks, relative to the low efficiency in terms of thermal insulation and to the difficulty, if not impossibility, of installing electrical components at their interior.Presentation of the invention

[0021] In this situation, the problem underlying the present invention is therefore that of overcoming the drawbacks manifested by the solutions of known type discussed above, by providing a building element, in particular a clay brick, and a process for construction of a reinforced masonry work, which allow attaining reinforced masonry works that are structurally stable and at the same time thermally insulated in an effective manner.

[0022] Another object of the present invention is to provide a building element, in particular a clay brick, and a process for construction of a reinforced masonry work, which allow attaining reinforced masonry works in which it is possible to make tracks for electrical components without compromising the structural aspect.

[0023] Another object of the present invention is to provide a building element, in particular a clay brick, which is durable over time.

[0024] Another object of the present invention is to provide a building element, in particular a clay brick, and a process for construction of a reinforced masonry work, which have a low environmental impact.

[0025] Another object of the present invention is to provide a building element, in particular a clay brick, that is simple and inexpensive to attain.

[0026] Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for construction of a reinforced masonry work, that is simple and inexpensive to actuate.Brief description of the drawings

[0027] The technical characteristics of the invention, according to the aforesaid objects, are clearly seen in the content of the below-reported claims and the advantages thereof will be more evident in the following detailed description, made with reference to the enclosed drawings, which represent several merely exemplifying and non-limiting embodiments of the invention, in which: figures 1a and 1b show two different axonometric views of a preferred embodiment of the building element of the present invention, in which an insulating material is removed in order to better show the interior of the through cavities; figure 2 shows a side view of the building element of figure 1a; figure 3 shows a top view of the building element of figure 1a; figure 4 shows a step of laying the building elements of a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention; figure 5 shows a step of inserting bars of a reinforcement for reinforced concrete of a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention; figure 6 shows an axonometric view of a first embodiment variant of the building element of the present invention; figure 7 shows a top view of the building element of figure 6, in which an insulating material is removed in order to better show the interior of the through cavities; figure 8 shows an axonometric view of a second embodiment variant of the building element of the present invention; figure 9 shows a top view of the building element of figure 8, in which an insulating material is removed in order to better show the interior of the through cavities; figure 10a and 10b show two possible different placements of the building element of figure 8 in a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention. Detailed description of a preferred embodiment

[0028] With reference to the enclosed drawings, reference number 1 overall indicates the building element, in particular a clay brick, object of the present invention.

[0029] The present building element 1 is advantageously intended to be employed for attaining reinforced masonry works for building constructions, in particular reinforced masonry works in clay brick and concrete. In particular, the building element 1 is a perforated brick.

[0030] The building element 1 according to the invention comprises a main body 10, preferably made of clay brick. Such material, substantially consisting of clay, advantageously allows being worked in a manner such to obtain a building element 1 with walls of lower thickness with respect to concrete and stronger given the same such parameter. In particular, the walls 2, 3, 4, 5, 11 of the building element 1 described hereinbelow have thickness smaller than or equal to 30 mm, preferably smaller than or equal to 20 mm, more preferably smaller than or equal to 15 mm, still more preferably smaller than or equal to 12 mm. For example, the walls 2, 3, 4, 5, 11 can have thickness of 8 mm, or 10 mm, or 12 mm based on the structural and / or production needs and / or based on the point of the main body 10 where they are found. The main body 10 is extended along a first prevalent direction D1 between a front wall 2, intended to be positioned in place towards the inside of a room, and an opposite rear wall 3, advantageously parallel to the front wall 2. In particular, the rear wall 3 is intended to be positioned directed towards a room exterior, i.e. a building exterior.

[0031] In addition, the main body 10 is extended along a second prevalent direction D2 between a first lateral wall 4 and an opposite second lateral wall 5, placed to connect the front wall 2 and the rear wall 3. Advantageously, the first lateral wall 4 and the second lateral wall 5 are extended parallel to each other. In particular, in accordance with the preferred embodiment illustrated in the enclosed figures, the main body 10 is extended with a first extension L1 along the first prevalent direction D1. Advantageously, the first extension L1, i.e. the length of the building element 1, is measured as the distance between the more external point of the front wall 2 and the more external point of the rear wall 3.

[0032] In addition, advantageously the main body 10 is extended with a second extension L2 along the second prevalent direction D2. Advantageously, the second extension L2, i.e. the width of the building element 1, is measured as the distance between the more external point of the first lateral wall 4 and the more external point of the second lateral wall 5.

[0033] Preferably, the first extension D1 is greater than the second extension D2. In this manner, indeed, different from the known building elements previously described above, it is possible to optimally organize the spaces inside the building element 1 in order to further improve the mechanical strength and the thermal insulation of the building element 1, as will be better illustrated hereinbelow.

[0034] In particular, the first extension L1 is comprised between 250 and 600 mm, preferably comprised between 350 and 500 mm, more preferably comprised between 420 and 470 mm, still more preferably about 450 mm.

[0035] Advantageously, in addition, the second extension L2 is comprised between 150 and 400 mm, preferably comprised between 200 and 300 mm, more preferably comprised between 220 and 270 mm, still more preferably about 250 mm.

[0036] In addition, the main body 10 is extended along a transverse direction D3, perpendicular to the first prevalent direction D1 and to the second prevalent direction D2, between a lower edge 6 and an opposite upper edge 6'. In particular, the front wall 2, the rear wall 3, the first lateral wall 4 and the second lateral wall 5 form a perimeter wall overall extended between the lower edge 6 and the upper edge 6'.

[0037] Advantageously, the lower edge 6 delimits a lower face 62 and the upper edge 6' delimits an upper face 62'. In particular, such upper and lower faces are perforated, as will be illustrated hereinbelow.

[0038] Advantageously the main body 10 is extended with a third extension L3 along the transverse direction D3. Advantageously, the third extension L3, i.e. the height of the building element 1, is measured as distance between the more external point of the lower face 62 and the more external point of the upper face 62'.

[0039] Advantageously, in addition, the third extension L3 is comprised between 150 and 400 mm, preferably comprised between 200 and 300 mm, more preferably comprised between 220 and 270 mm, still more preferably about 250 mm.

[0040] According to the invention, on the main body 10, a plurality of through cavities 7 is attained, each extended along the transverse direction D3. In particular, each through cavity 7 is extended between a lower opening 7', in particular made on the lower face 62 of the main body 10, and an upper opening 7", in particular made on the upper face 62' of the main body 10.

[0041] According to the idea underlying the present invention the plurality of through cavities 7 comprises at least one passage cavity 71, made at the front wall 2 and intended to house electrical components. Advantageously, the passage cavity 71 is frontally delimited, i.e. on the side intended to be placed towards the inside of the room, by the same front wall 2.

[0042] According to the invention, the plurality of through cavities 7 also comprises at least one insulation cavity 72, which is made spaced from the front wall 2, preferably in proximity to the rear wall 3, and inside which a first insulating material 8 is inserted.

[0043] In accordance with the preferred embodiment, illustrated in the enclosed figures, the insulation cavity 72 is made at the rear wall 3. In other words, the insulation cavity 72 is delimited to the rear, i.e. on the side intended to be placed towards the room exterior, by the same rear wall 3.

[0044] In accordance with an alternative embodiment not illustrated in the figures, the plurality of through cavities 7 comprises at least one ventilation cavity placed at the rear wall 3. In particular, the ventilation cavity is interposed between the rear wall 3 and the insulation cavity 73. Such ventilation cavity is in particular left free in order to facilitate the circulation of air at its interior.

[0045] The latter embodiment is particularly suitable if the building element 1 is also used for building a ventilated wall.

[0046] According to the invention, the plurality of through cavities 7 also comprises at least one filling cavity 73, interposed between the passage cavity 71 and the insulation cavity 72 and intended to be filled with reinforced concrete.

[0047] More in detail, the filling cavity 73 is at least partly delimited laterally by an intermediate edge section 60, 60' of at least one between the lower edge 6 and the upper edge 6'.

[0048] Advantageously, on the intermediate edge section 60, 60', at least one edge recess 61, 61' is made for the passage of at least one bar 9 of a reinforcement for reinforced concrete.

[0049] In this manner, the building element 1 according to the invention allows being used substantially as a formwork for reinforced concrete without the concrete coming into contact with the insulation, nor does it have to be broken in order to create space for possible electrical systems. In addition, the presence of a passage cavity 71 suitably provided for housing electrical components or other possible plants (e.g. thermal or hydraulic) ensures that the installation of such components is facilitated, together with the possible passage between one floor of a building and the next.

[0050] In addition, the optimization of the further spaces allowed by the building elements made of concrete or wood-concrete allows increasing the thermal insulation given the same mechanical strength.

[0051] Advantageously, both the lower edge 6 and the upper edge 6' comprise a corresponding intermediate edge section 60, 60', preferably on both sides.

[0052] Advantageously, in addition, on all the intermediate edge sections 60, 60', at least one corresponding edge recess 61, 61' is made for the passage of at least one bar 9 of a reinforcement for reinforced concrete.

[0053] In accordance with a first embodiment variant, illustrated in figure 6, the edge recess 61, 61' is made only on the intermediate edge sections 60, 60' of the upper edge 6' (or only of the lower edge 6). In this manner, as will be illustrated hereinbelow, the bar 9 of the reinforcement for reinforced concrete can be introduced in place every two layers of building elements 1.

[0054] Such characteristic is advantageously also present in a second embodiment variant of the building element, which will be described hereinbelow, illustrated in figure 8.

[0055] Advantageously, also the passage cavity 71 is filled with a second insulating material 8'. Preferably, the second insulating material 8' is sufficiently soft and capable of being at least partially hollowed out or removed in order to make space for the components of the plant.

[0056] Such aspect advantageously improves the thermal insulation of the building element 1, at least in all the points where the passage of system components is not provided for.

[0057] Preferably, the first insulating material 8 and / or the second insulating material 8' is a cement-based insulating foam, preferably containing natural cement.

[0058] In particular, the aforesaid cement-based insulating foam is of the type described in the patent 102024000011884, which is to be considered herein for reference purposes, and therefore will not be described in more detail hereinbelow.

[0059] Of course, without departing from the protective scope of the present invention, the cement-based insulating foam can have a different formulation and also comprise other cement types.

[0060] In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention, illustrated in the enclosed figures, along the first prevalent direction D1, the passage cavity 71 is extended with a first depth P1.

[0061] In addition, the insulation cavity 72 is extended advantageously along the first prevalent direction D1 with a second depth P2.

[0062] In addition, the filling cavity 73 is advantageously extended along the first prevalent direction D1 with a third depth P3.

[0063] Preferably, the first depth P1 is smaller than the third depth P3. In this manner, more space is dedicated to the structural stability. Advantageously, in addition, the first depth P1 è smaller than or equal to the second depth P2. Advantageously, in addition, the second depth P2 is smaller than or equal to the third depth P3.

[0064] If also a ventilation cavity is present, as indicated above, the latter is extended advantageously along the first prevalent direction D1 with a corresponding fourth depth. Advantageously, the fourth depth is equal to the first depth P1 and in particular, smaller than the second depth P2 and the third depth P3.

[0065] Advantageously, the first depth P1 is comprised between 25 and 60 mm, preferably comprised between 30 and 55 mm, more preferably comprised between 35 and 50 mm, still more preferably comprised between 40 and 45 mm.

[0066] Advantageously, the second depth P2 is comprised between 25 and 75 mm, preferably comprised between 30 and 70 mm, more preferably comprised between 35 and 65 mm, still more preferably comprised between 40 and 60 mm.

[0067] Advantageously, the third depth P3 is comprised between 100 and 160 mm, preferably comprised between 110 and 150 mm, more preferably comprised between 120 and 140 mm, still more preferably comprised between 128 and 135 mm.

[0068] Advantageously, the fourth depth (if also the ventilation cavity is present) is comprised between 25 and 60 mm, preferably comprised between 30 and 55 mm, more preferably comprised between 35 and 50 mm, still more preferably comprised between 40 and 45 mm.

[0069] Advantageously, the main body 10 of the building element 1 comprises at least one dividing wall 11 extended along the first prevalent direction D1.

[0070] More in detail, the plurality of through cavities 7 comprises at least two series of cavities 70, placed side by side along the second prevalent direction D2 is separated by the dividing wall 11. Advantageously, each of the series of cavities 70 comprises at least one passage cavity 71, at least one insulation cavity 72 and / or at least one filling cavity 73, preferably all three.

[0071] In addition, in the alternative embodiment, each of the series of cavities 70 comprises in particular also at least one ventilation cavity.

[0072] Advantageously, in addition, at least one of the series of cavities 70 comprises two or more insulation cavities 72 placed along the first prevalent direction D1. For example, as is visible in the preferred embodiment illustrated in the enclosed figures, the series of cavities 70 comprises four insulation cavities 72.

[0073] Such characteristic is advantageously also present in the first embodiment variant of the building element, illustrated in figure 6.

[0074] In accordance with a second embodiment variant, illustrated in figure 8 and 9, the series of cavities 70 comprises a passage cavity 71, attained at the front wall 2 and three insulation cavities 72, two of which at the rear wall 3 and one interposed between the passage cavity 71 and the filling cavity 73.

[0075] Otherwise, in accordance with the alternative embodiment, the series of cavities 70 comprises two or three insulation cavities 72 and a ventilation cavity. In this case, more generally, the building element 1 can have a shape equal to the building element 1 illustrated in the enclosed figures, but leaving empty the through cavity 7 (or the through cavities 7) adjacent to the rear wall 3.

[0076] In accordance with all the described embodiments, advantageously the sum of the second depths P2 of the insulation cavities 72 is equal to or greater than the first depth Pl.

[0077] In addition, the sum of the second depths P2 of the insulation cavities 72 is preferably equal to or greater than the third depth P3. In this manner, it is possible to obtain a building element 1 with optimal insulating properties.

[0078] Overall, therefore, advantageously the greater extension of the through cavities 7 is dedicated to the insulation, an intermediate extension of the through cavities 7 is dedicated to the structural solidity, and a minimum but sufficient extension of the through cavities 7 is dedicated to the passage of electrical components (and optionally also to the insulation). In addition, a further minimum but sufficient extension of the through cavities 7 is optionally dedicated to the ventilation.

[0079] Of course, without departing from the protective scope of the invention, it is possible to attain more or less cavities depending on the construction needs, as long as they are provided in series along the first prevalent direction D1 at least one passage cavity 71, at least one filling cavity 73 and at least one insulation cavity 72.

[0080] Advantageously, the dividing wall 11 is continuous and is extended rectilinear along the entire first prevalent direction D1, in particular from the front wall 2 to the rear wall 3.

[0081] In accordance with a first embodiment variant, illustrated in figure 6 and 7, the main body 10 comprises multiple dividing walls 11 (or in an equivalent manner, a dividing wall 11 divided into multiple sections) staggered with respect to each other along the first prevalent direction D1.

[0082] The latter embodiment variant is preferable so as to considerably decrease the thermal bridges between the front wall 2 and the rear wall 3 and thus increase the thermal insulation.

[0083] In accordance with the preferred embodiment illustrated in the enclosed figures, the dividing wall 11 comprises an intermediate section 110 placed to divide adjacent filling cavities 73.

[0084] As illustrated in figures 1a, 1b, 2, 4 and 5, also on such intermediate section 110 at least one edge recess 61, 61' is made, preferably one at the upper face 62' and one at the lower face 62, for housing the bar 9 of a reinforcement for reinforced concrete.

[0085] In accordance with a first embodiment variant, illustrated in figure 6, the intermediate section 110 is substantially solid, i.e. it has no edge recesses 61, 61'. Optionally, in such case, on such intermediate section 110, at least one weakening line 111 is made, which can or example be a notch or a narrowing of the section of the dividing wall 11. In particular, the weakening line 111 is attained in a manner such to be able to easily remove a portion of the intermediate section 110 and if necessary make an edge recess 61, 61' aligned with the edge recesses 61, 61' made on the first lateral wall 4 and on the second lateral wall 5.

[0086] If such portion of the intermediate section 110 is not removed, this can act as a support for the bar 9 of a reinforcement for reinforced concrete.

[0087] In accordance with the preferred embodiment illustrated in the enclosed figures, so as to improve the structural stability when the building elements 1 are set in place, the first lateral wall 4 and the second lateral wall 5 are not completely flat, but have misaligned portions.

[0088] Advantageously, the first lateral wall 4 comprises at least one first raised portion 41 and at least one first depressed portion 42. More in detail, the first raised portion 41 and the first depressed portion 42 are placed in series and staggered along the first prevalent direction D1 with the first raised portion 41 placed more externally with respect to the first depressed portion 42. In particular, between the first raised portion 41 and the first depressed portion 42, a first shoulder 43 is present.

[0089] Advantageously, in addition, the second lateral wall 5 comprises at least one second raised portion 51 and at least one second depressed portion 52. More in detail, the second raised portion 51 and the second depressed portion 52 are placed in series and staggered along the first prevalent direction D1 with the second raised portion 51 placed more externally with respect to the second depressed portion 52. In particular, between the second raised portion 51 and the second depressed portion 52, a second shoulder 53 is present.

[0090] In particular, along the second prevalent direction D2, the second raised portion 51 is aligned with the first depressed portion 42. In addition, along the second prevalent direction D2, the second depressed portion 52 is aligned with the first raised portion 41.

[0091] In this manner, when two building elements 1 are placed side by side with the adjacent first lateral wall 4 and second lateral wall 5, the fitting between the misaligned portions of such walls, in particular between the first shoulder 43 and the second shoulder 53, allows preventing that such building elements 1 be misaligned along the second prevalent direction D2 (i.e. relatively moved along the first prevalent direction D1).

[0092] More in detail, the distance between first raised portion 41 and the first depressed portion 42, measured along the second prevalent direction D2, is substantially equal to the distance between second raised portion 51 and the second depressed portion 52, always measured along the second prevalent direction D2.

[0093] In accordance with the preferred embodiment illustrated in the enclosed figures, the first lateral wall 4 comprises two first depressed portions 42 between which a first raised portion 41 is interposed.

[0094] Advantageously, in addition, the second lateral wall 5 comprises two second raised portions 51 between which a second depressed portion 52 is interposed.

[0095] In accordance with the first embodiment variant illustrated in figure 6 and 7, the first lateral wall 4 comprises four first raised portions 41, between which three first depressed portions 42 are interposed. Advantageously, in addition, the second lateral wall 5 comprises four second depressed portions 52, between which three second raised portions 51 are interposed.

[0096] Of course, without departing from the protective scope of the invention, any other combination of raised portions 41, 51 and depressed portions 42, 52 will be possible.

[0097] In accordance with a second embodiment variant of the building element, illustrated in figures 8, 9 and 10a-b, the first lateral wall 4 comprises at least three first depressed portions 42, between which at least two first raised portions 41 are interposed.

[0098] Advantageously, in addition, the second lateral wall 5 comprises at least three second raised portions 51, between which at least two second depressed portions 52 are interposed.

[0099] In addition, in accordance with a preferred characteristic of the second embodiment of the building element 1, also applicable to the other described variants, a filling cavity 73 is laterally open. In other words, one between the first lateral wall 4 and the second lateral wall 5 is interrupted at the filling cavity 73.

[0100] In particular, the plurality of through cavities 7 comprises two series of cavities 70 in which in one of the series of cavities 70 there is a laterally closed filling cavity 73, and in the other of the series of cavities 70 there is a laterally open filling cavity 73.

[0101] In this manner, the modularity and the combinability of the building element 1 are advantageously improved, for example as is visible in figures 10a and 10b, in particular by increasing the continuity of the concrete casting poured into the filling cavity 73.

[0102] In addition, the weight of the single building element 1 is advantageously decreased overall.

[0103] Preferably, in addition, the main body 10 of the building element 1 in accordance with the second embodiment variant is symmetric with respect to the second prevalent direction D2, as is visible in figure 9. Preferably, in addition, all the passage 71 and insulation 72 cavities are filled with the same insulating material 8, 8'. In this manner, the attainment and setting in place thereof is simpler, since it is not necessary to distinguish between a rear part and a front part.

[0104] In operation, the building element 1 is advantageously obtained initially by means of extrusion and cutting of a ceramic paste for clay bricks, in order to obtain an extruded semifinished product having the pre-established section of the building element 1 itself.

[0105] In particular, during the cutting, the edge recess 61, 61' is also attained on the intermediate edge section 60, 60' of the upper edge 6' and / or of the lower edge 6.

[0106] Subsequently, the extruded semifinished product is advantageously dried and subjected to thermal treatment, in a per se known manner, in order to obtain a hardened semifinished product.

[0107] Subsequently, the hardened semifinished product is advantageously filled in the insulation cavities 72 with the first insulating material 8, and preferably also in the passage cavity 71 with the second insulating material 8'.

[0108] If necessary, such materials are then left to harden. In particular, in the event in which the first insulating material 8 and / or the second insulating material 8' is a cement-based insulating foam, it is sufficient to allow the latter to harden without further thermal treatments.

[0109] Finally, the lower face 62 and the upper face 62' are advantageously ground in particular in order to eliminate possible imperfections or excess of the hardened insulating material, thus obtaining the finished building element 1.

[0110] Also forming the object of the present invention is a process for construction of a reinforced masonry work 100, preferably built by means of the use of a building element 1, in particular a clay brick, described above, regarding which the same reference numbers are maintained for the sake of description clarity.

[0111] The process according to the invention first of all provides for a a step of arranging a plurality of building elements 1 described above, which therefore will not be further described hereinbelow.

[0112] In addition, the process comprises a step of laying the building elements 1, in which the building elements 1 are placed in series along a laying direction X, parallel to the second prevalent direction D2, with the first lateral wall 4 in contact with the second lateral wall 5 of an adjacent building element 1, and on multiple superimposed layers along the transverse direction D3. Advantageously, the building elements 1 on two different layers are placed with the filling cavities 73 aligned with each other.

[0113] In addition, in the laying step, the building elements 1 on two different layers are placed staggered, i.e. each astride two lower building elements 1. In particular, the building elements 1 are placed in a manner such that the two series of cavities 70 of a building element 1 are placed aligned vertically with corresponding series of cavities 70, each belonging to a different building element 1 of the lower layer. Advantageously, in the step of laying on each building element 1, a binder is applied (e.g. an organic glue or a hydraulic binder) before placing it on the lower layer, so as to fix it to the the latter and improve the solidity and stability of the reinforced masonry work 100.

[0114] The process comprises, in addition, a step of inserting transverse bars 91, substantially parallel to the transverse direction D3, within the filling cavities 73. In addition, the insertion step provides for the insertion of longitudinal bars 92, substantially parallel to the second prevalent direction D2 and passing at the edge recess 61, 61' of the building element, to form a reinforcement for reinforced concrete.

[0115] More in detail, before the insertion of the longitudinal bars 92, the insertion step provides for placing a support element within the filling cavity 73 in order to support the longitudinal bars 92 themselves in a manner such that they do not come into contact with the edge recess 61, 61' of the intermediate edge section 60, 60'.

[0116] In particular, the support element is made of metal or plastic and is supported by at least two opposite internal surfaces of the filling cavities 73.

[0117] In accordance with an embodiment variant, in which the building element illustrated in figure 6 is for example used, the support element is constituted by the edge of the same intermediate section 110 of the dividing wall 11. Therefore, advantageously, in this case the portion of dividing wall 11 is not removed and it is not necessary in this case to use additional components.

[0118] However, with the laying of an upper layer, the portion of dividing wall 11 of the building element 1 that must be laid is removed, in a manner such to attain the edge recess 61. Subsequently, the building element 1 is placed with the edge recess 61 directed downward, in a manner such that the longitudinal bar 92 can be housed therein (in abutment against the dividing wall 11 of the lower building element 1). In accordance with this embodiment variant, the building elements 1 are placed with alternated layers, in which in a first layer the lower face 62 is substantially flat and the upper face 62' returns inward at the edge recesses 61', while in a second layer the upper face 62' is substantially flat and the lower face 62 returns inward at the edge recesses 61.

[0119] Advantageously, also by employing the second embodiment variant of the building element 1, illustrated in figure 8, the building elements 1 are placed with alternated layers, in which in a first layer the lower face 62 is substantially flat and the upper face 62' returns inward at the edge recesses 61', while in a second layer the upper face 62' is substantially flat and the lower face 62 returns inward at the edge recesses 61.

[0120] In figure 10a and 10b, several examples are illustrated of steps for laying and inserting building elements 1 in accordance with such second embodiment variant. In particular, as is visible in such figure, in the case of angular positioning of such building elements 1, several cavities of one of the series of cavities 70 can be removed.

[0121] The insertion step advantageously provides for the binding of the transverse bars 91 with the longitudinal bars 92 in a manner such to form a stable reinforcement.

[0122] Suitably, the longitudinal bars 92 can be provided for each layer of building elements 1, or each 3-5 layers.

[0123] Advantageously, the laying step and the insertion step are thus alternated with each other.

[0124] In accordance with an alternative embodiment, the laying step can be executed multiple consecutive times, e.g. within a factory, in order to obtain a prefabricated wall provided with multiple layers of building elements 1. Subsequently, such prefabricated wall is advantageously transported to the building site of the reinforced masonry work 100.

[0125] In this case, the insertion step is executed by applying the longitudinal bars 92 and transverse bars 91 on the prefabricated wall.

[0126] Of course, also in such alternative embodiment, it is possible to once again execute the laying step, by superimposing further building elements 1 or prefabricated walls, subsequent to the insertion step depending of the height of the reinforced masonry work 100 that one wishes to attain.

[0127] The process also comprises a casting step, in which said filling cavities 73 are filled with a concrete casting.

[0128] Advantageously, the process comprises a step of maturing the concrete, in which the concrete is left to harden, so that there is the hydration and the complete hardening to form a reinforced masonry work. By means of the present process, it is possible to obtain, in a simple an quick manner, a reinforced masonry work that is structurally stable and strong, as well as provided with optimal thermal insulation. The invention thus conceived therefore achieves the pre-established objects.

Examples

first embodiment

[0053]In accordance with a first embodiment variant, illustrated in figure 6, the edge recess 61, 61' is made only on the intermediate edge sections 60, 60' of the upper edge 6' (or only of the lower edge 6). In this manner, as will be illustrated hereinbelow, the bar 9 of the reinforcement for reinforced concrete can be introduced in place every two layers of building elements 1.

second embodiment

[0054]Such characteristic is advantageously also present in a second embodiment variant of the building element, which will be described hereinbelow, illustrated in figure 8.

[0055]Advantageously, also the passage cavity 71 is filled with a second insulating material 8'. Preferably, the second insulating material 8' is sufficiently soft and capable of being at least partially hollowed out or removed in order to make space for the components of the plant.

[0056]Such aspect advantageously improves the thermal insulation of the building element 1, at least in all the points where the passage of system components is not provided for.

[0057]Preferably, the first insulating material 8 and / or the second insulating material 8' is a cement-based insulating foam, preferably containing natural cement.

[0058]In particular, the aforesaid cement-based insulating foam is of the type described in the patent 102024000011884, which is to be considered herein for reference purposes, and therefore will not...

Claims

1. Building element, in particular a clay brick, which comprises a main body (10) extending: - along a first prevalent direction (D1) between a front wall (2), intended to be positioned in place towards the inside of a room, and an opposite rear wall (3); - along a second prevalent direction (D2) between a first lateral wall (4) and an opposite second lateral wall (5), placed to connect the front wall (2) and the rear wall (3); - along a transverse direction (D3), perpendicular to said first prevalent direction (D1) and to said second prevalent direction (D2), between a lower edge (6) and an opposite upper edge (6'); wherein a plurality of through cavities (7) is made on said main body (10), each extending along said transverse direction (D3); said building element (1) being characterized in that said plurality of through cavities (7) comprises: - at least one passage cavity (71), made at said front wall (2) and intended to house electrical components; - at least one insulation cavity (72), which is made spaced from said front wall (2) and inside which a first insulating material (8) is inserted; - at least one filling cavity (73), interposed between said passage cavity (71) and said insulation cavity (72) and intended to be filled with reinforced concrete; wherein said filling cavity (73) is at least partly delimited laterally by an intermediate edge section (60, 60') of at least one between said lower edge (6) and said upper edge (6'); wherein on said intermediate edge section (60, 60') at least one edge recess (61, 61') is made for the passage of at least one bar (9) of a reinforcement for reinforced concrete.

2. Building element according to claim 1, characterized in that said passage cavity (71) is filled with a second insulating material (8').

3. Building element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said first insulating material (8) and / or said second insulating material (8') is a cement-based insulating foam.

4. Building element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said main body (10) extends with a first extension (L1) along said first prevalent direction (D1) and with a second extension (L2) along said second prevalent direction (D2); said first extension (D1) being greater than said second extension (D2).

5. Building element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said first lateral wall (4) comprises at least a first raised portion (41) and at least a first depressed portion (42); said first raised portion (41) and said first depressed portion (42) being arranged in series and staggered along said first prevalent direction (D1) with said first raised portion (41) arranged more externally than said first depressed portion (42).

6. Building element according to claim 5, characterized in that said second side wall (5) comprises at least a second raised portion (51) and at least a second depressed portion (52), said second raised portion (51) and said second depressed portion (52) being placed in series and staggered along said first prevalent direction (D1) with said second raised portion (51) placed more externally with respect to said second depressed portion (52); wherein along said second prevalent direction (D2) said second raised portion (51) is aligned with said first depressed portion (42) and said second depressed portion (52) is aligned with said first raised portion (41).

7. Building element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that, along said first prevalent direction (D1), said passage cavity (71) extends with a first depth (P1), said insulation cavity (72) extends with a second depth (P2) and said filling cavity (73) extends with a third depth (P3); said first depth (P1) being smaller than or equal to said second depth (P2) and being smaller than said third depth (P3).

8. Building element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the main body (10) of said building element (1) comprises at least one dividing wall (11) extending along said first prevalent direction (D1); said plurality of through cavities (7) comprises at least two series of cavities (70), placed side by side along said second prevalent direction (D2) and separated by said at least one dividing wall (11); each of said series of cavities (70) comprising at least one said passage cavity (71), at least one said insulation cavity (72) and / or at least one said filling cavity (73).

9. Building element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of said series of cavities (70) comprises two or more insulation cavities (72) arranged along said first prevalent direction (D1).

10. Building element according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that said plurality of through cavities (7) comprises two series of cavities (70), wherein in one of said series of cavities (70), a laterally closed filling cavity (73) is present and in the other of said series of cavities (70) a laterally open filling cavity (73) is present.

11. Building element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one said filling cavity (73) is laterally open, wherein one between said first lateral wall (4) and said second lateral wall (5) is interrupted at said filling cavity (73).

12. Process for construction of a reinforced masonry work (100) characterized in that it comprises the following operative steps: - a step of arranging a plurality of building elements (1) in accordance with any one of the preceding claims; - a step of laying said building elements (1), wherein said building elements (1) are placed in series along a laying direction (X), parallel to said second prevalent direction (D2), with said first lateral wall (4) in contact with said second lateral wall (5) of an adjacent building element (1), and on multiple superimposed layers along said transverse direction (D3); - a step of inserting transverse bars (91), substantially parallel to said transverse direction (D3), inside said filling cavities (73), and of longitudinal bars (92), substantially parallel to said second prevalent direction (D2) and passing at said edge recess (61, 61'), to form a reinforcement for reinforced concrete; - a casting step, wherein said filling cavities (73) are filled with a concrete casting.

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