Arrangement for the planted retention of rainwater
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- UNIV FUR BODENKULTUR WIEN
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-08
Smart Images
Figure AT2024060322_06032025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] Arrangement for green retention of rainwater
[0002] The invention relates to an arrangement according to the independent patent claim.
[0003] Urban areas are required to adapt their settlements to the effects of climate change, particularly heat waves and heavy rainfall events. This requires the use of green infrastructure, especially trees, which are considered an efficient and cost-effective solution for climate regulation.
[0004] State-of-the-art tree planting often no longer meets the requirements of changing climatic conditions. Major obstacles include, for example, technical installations in the roadway, which must be protected from root penetration. Furthermore, trees must be provided with sufficient root space to ensure an adequate supply of water and nutrients.
[0005] In particular, there is a restricted root space and distance rule from installations: Due to the limited space on the surface, the tree substrate used for this purpose must be installed deep into the gray infrastructure. Therefore, according to current technology, trees can often only be planted in areas free of installations.
[0006] In addition, gray infrastructure often needs to be protected from tree roots and maintain a horizontal distance of, for example, 2.5 m from fixtures. However, these legitimate protective measures further limit the space required for conventional tree planting.
[0007] Another problem for tree planting in urban areas is the use of de-icing agents in winter and a lack of surface water flow. Due to the use of de-icing agents, the ingress of surface water into the tree planting area or tree pit is prevented by curbs, according to state-of-the-art technology. However, this approach also prevents the ingress of rainwater during the growing season. As a result, trees suffer from drought stress in urban heat and are increasingly dying. Artificial irrigation using tank trucks is associated with considerable effort.
[0008] In summary, there is a conflict of objectives in urban areas. On the one hand, trees should be planted for shade and local retention basins for rainwater should be created. On the other hand, the possibilities for planting trees and creating local retention basins are severely limited due to infrastructure such as pipelines, sidewalks, driveways, etc.
[0009] The object of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to resolve the above-mentioned conflict of objectives.
[0010] The object of the invention is achieved in particular by the features of the independent patent claim.
[0011] The arrangement according to the invention can achieve one or more of the following effects: - A reduction in peak runoff from sealed surfaces during heavy rainfall events, due to the water storage in the accumulation area of the tub or plant trough as well as the water storage capacity of the plant substrates and structural substrates.
[0012] - Providing adequate irrigation for street trees by capturing and storing rainwater. During dry periods, the water retention system ensures a sufficient water supply. During periods of extreme heat and during the growth phase, simple irrigation, for example, using street cleaning vehicles with large tanks, can be highly efficient.
[0013] - No complete redesign of the road cross-section or costly relocation of fixtures is required (as with the Stockholm system, for example). The surface pavement may only need to be penetrated in the area of tree planting to create the pattern.
[0014] - Shading urban surfaces and avoiding heat accumulation.
[0015] - Cooling of the adjacent street space through evapotranspiration of the rainwater used by the street tree and thus reducing urban heat islands.
[0016] - A possibility of planting trees in areas with limited space, for example near installations, wired infrastructures, and where the structure height is too low.
[0017] - The creation of a sufficiently dimensioned volume for sufficient root space to allow the planting of trees, especially large trees.
[0018] - A possibility of temporarily removing the entire tub (including planted trees) with minimal damage to the root system, for example for maintenance work on the pipes underneath or similar.
[0019] - Integration of social aspects of open space planning by shading the adjacent street space and thus promoting walking and providing integrated seating.
[0020] - A contribution to waste prevention through the use of recycled plastic in the manufacture of the arrangement. The invention particularly relates to an arrangement for the green, preferably tree-planted, retention of rainwater in a sealed urban area or a road surface with underground, piped infrastructure, comprising one or more of the following features:
[0021] - a root- and water-resistant tray, which runs at least partially or completely below the level of the sealed surface,
[0022] - a structural substrate arranged in the tank, which has gaps or pores and capillary properties for storing water and which is optionally covered from above with a covering layer,
[0023] - a shaft arrangement with a water inlet, a water supply and at least one water outlet.
[0024] Preferably, the water inlet is connected to a collector for the rainwater to collect the rainwater drained from the sealed area.
[0025] It can be advantageous if the shaft arrangement directs the collected rainwater via the water supply and, if necessary, up to a certain fill level into the tray or if it drains excess or contaminated rainwater to a sewer via the water outlet.
[0026] Preferably, a plant trough is provided which projects upwards above the tub and is designed to receive a tree substrate and a tree ball embedded in the tree substrate.
[0027] Preferably, a fastening device is provided for anchoring the tree ball and the plant trough in the area of the tub.
[0028] Optionally, the plant trough rests and / or is supported on the structural substrate from above. It may be advantageous if the fastening device comprises an anchor arrangement that is connected to the plant trough on the one hand and anchored in the trough on the other hand, in particular via at least one anchor plate in the structural substrate.
[0029] It can also be advantageous if the anchor arrangement comprises several tension anchors that engage the plant trough via tension means such as tension rods.
[0030] If necessary, it is provided that the shaft arrangement and in particular the water supply comprises a pump through which water in the tub is supplied to the plant trough and, if applicable, to the covering layer.
[0031] In particular, it can be provided that the shaft arrangement comprises an inlet shaft and a pump shaft, and if appropriate, that the pump is provided in the pump shaft and the water inlet is provided in the inlet shaft.
[0032] It may be provided that at least one distribution line is provided which extends through the structural substrate for distributing and / or collecting the water within the tub.
[0033] If necessary, the distribution line is provided for to be connected to the inlet shaft and the pump shaft.
[0034] If necessary, one or more of the water drains are designed as overflows, the position of which defines the level of water accumulation in the tub.
[0035] If necessary, the position of the overflow can be height-adjustable to adjust the fill level. If necessary, the tray can extend into the ground a maximum of 120 cm deep, preferably a maximum of 100 cm deep, and particularly preferably a maximum of 80 cm deep, measured from the level of the sealed surface.
[0036] Where appropriate, the tray shall extend along the sealed surface by more than 5 m 2 , especially more than 10 m 2 , if necessary from 10 to 15 m 2 or, if applicable, the size of a car parking space.
[0037] If necessary, the plant trough should have a diameter of 1 m to 2 m.
[0038] If necessary, the plant trough should have a height of 0.5 to 2 m.
[0039] If necessary, it is provided that the tray has a seal made of a preferably environmentally friendly material with a protective layer and a mechanical protective layer designed in particular as a drainage mat.
[0040] An environmentally friendly material preferably has the following criteria:
[0041] - no polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
[0042] - Limit values for halogenated organic compounds (max. 3% by weight),
[0043] - Exclusion of biocides and root-inhibiting agents or root poisons (e.g. Preventol),
[0044] - Bitumen sheets, for example, must not contain any biocides such as root-inhibiting agents
[0045] - The material may contain encapsulated biocides
[0046] - The material must not contain any metal composite - e.g. no composite products made of bitumen membranes with metal
[0047] - Potential for reuse during demolition (similar to natural rubber and EPDM) or mechanically root-resistant bitumen waterproofing should or must be provided. Where appropriate, the collector connected to the water inlet is a slope of the sealed surface, a pipe equipped with a collector, an inlet shaft, sunken curbs, an area with trough stones, or an asphalt or concrete edge.
[0048] If necessary, the shaft arrangement is provided with a manual or remote- or radio-controlled actuating element which, in a first position, directs rainwater into the tray via the water supply.
[0049] If necessary, the shaft arrangement is provided with a manual or remote- or radio-controlled actuating element which, in a second position, drains rainwater contaminated, for example, by de-icing agents, via the water outlet to a sewer, bypassing the tray.
[0050] If necessary, a pump control system is provided which controls the pump:
[0051] - depending on a time parameter,
[0052] - and / or depending on a sensor parameter such as soil moisture, temperature profile and / or fill level or water level.
[0053] If appropriate, the shaft arrangement may comprise a manual or remote or radio-controlled actuating element which is integrated into a photovoltaic system for providing electrical energy, in particular for the pump, the actuating element and / or the pump control.
[0054] If necessary, it is intended that the arrangement is energy self-sufficient thanks to the photovoltaic system.
[0055] If necessary, a telecommunications device is provided that can send and / or receive data. If necessary, the data may be, for example, control data for the pump, control data for the actuating element, and / or sensor data recorded on the arrangement, such as water level or soil moisture.
[0056] Where appropriate, the covering layer may be a sealed surface such as a sidewalk.
[0057] Where appropriate, the covering layer is intended to be a green layer.
[0058] Where appropriate, the covering layer is designed as a trafficable, not fully sealed, and therefore partially open surface. Examples include open-joint paving, a wooden deck, or a water-bound surface.
[0059] In all embodiments, it can be provided that the surface or upper edge of the substrate or cover layer arranged in the tray is substantially at the same level as the surrounding or adjacent sealed surface. In particular, the substrate or cover layer arranged in the tray transitions seamlessly into the adjacent sealed surface.
[0060] The plant trough can, for example, be round, in particular cylindrical or conical. If desired, the plant trough can also have any other shape, such as a rectangular shape. The plant trough is preferably open at the bottom. In particular, the plant trough can have a bottom. The bottom preferably has openings or holes. These openings allow water, i.e., the rainwater in the arrangement or water supplied in any other way, to flow through
[0061] Capillary action allows water to flow from the tub into the plant trough. Roots from the tree ball, in particular, can also grow through these openings into the tub. It is advantageous for the plant trough to rest directly on the tub's structural substrate.
[0062] The fastening device can, for example, comprise an anchor plate that is either attached to the tray or embedded in the structural substrate. Tension rods can engage the anchor plate. The tension rods can engage the anchor plate on one side and the plant trough on the other. The anchor arrangement can optionally include tensioning means that allow the tension rods to be tensioned.
[0063] If necessary, the fastening device includes feet that support the plant trough downwards against gravity. Such support feet may also be omitted if the plant trough is supported on the structural substrate.
[0064] The plant trough itself, in particular its casing, can be made of plastic, in particular recycled plastic, or of another suitable material.
[0065] The plant trough is preferably smaller in area than the tub. In particular, the plant trough can be mounted centrally above or within the tub. The tub projects beyond the plant trough in at least one, preferably several, directions along the sealed surface. This can be provided in all embodiments.
[0066] Preferably, the shaft arrangement is arranged directly in the area of the tub. For example, a shaft can be arranged within the tub.
[0067] If necessary, a shaft can be arranged in the edge area of the tub.
[0068] The plant trough can, for example, have a height of 80 cm to 1.5 m. It can be recessed into the surface, particularly in the covering layer, of the arrangement and, for example, can be supported on the structural substrate. Preferably, however, the plant trough protrudes above the level of the sealed surface.
[0069] The plant trough is preferably designed to be water- and root-tight in its outer shell. If necessary, the plant trough is double-walled or insulated.
[0070] The height of the structural substrate layer can, for example, be between 0.5 m and 1 m. In particular, the depth of the tray and thus, if applicable, the height of the structural substrate depends on the structural conditions. For example, the amount of space available below the level of the sealed surface must be taken into account.
[0071] The arrangement allows for preferential climate-effective tree planting within the existing city without the need to relocate any network-based infrastructure.
[0072] By means of a protruding but downwardly open and statically calculated planting trough including fastening device and in particular by means of a load anchoring, in addition to the rainwater storing tray (sponge city principle), the root volume is increased and the tree is protected from mechanical damage.
[0073] Due to the drainage of the sealed area, rainwater is stored and additionally returned to the ecological cycle.
[0074] In addition, construction time and costs are reduced (elimination of laying cables) and the vitality of the tree is improved through sufficient water capacity and sufficient root space.
[0075] Using the telecommunications system and cloud-based monitoring, the existing water level in the system can be checked and an alert can be sent during prolonged heat waves, allowing targeted irrigation as needed. The alert can be transmitted to an agency responsible for tree care or management, such as the local administration, city, or municipality.
[0076] Depending on the spatial and structural conditions (including gradient, drainage-effective area, aesthetics) and requirements for retention, cleaning performance, etc., the arrangement can be tailored from the aforementioned components for the specific application. The construction or rehabilitation of the road remains unchanged; only the gradient design may need to be adjusted. In the area of the tree planting, the upper substrata of the area are left untreated or a depression is excavated during the retrofit. The arrangement is then formed in the open area, and in particular, the drainage-effective areas or collectors (e.g., trough stone) and the inlet shaft are connected.
[0077] The tree or plant is preferably placed in the planter and in a sealed tray, a kind of saucer. This root-resistant tray forms the interface with the street and is limited in depth so that it lies above any built-in structures (e.g., the depth is max. 120 cm or max. 80 cm). The interface, such as the collector, is designed so that surface water, for example, from the roadway, can flow directly into the tray or via the inlet shaft. The tray has a total area of approximately 12.5 m². 2 which is roughly the size of a car parking space.
[0078] The use of an actuating element to regulate winter-summer operation is consistent with an urban dual system.
[0079] The plant trough can, for example, have a diameter of 1 m to 2 m. The tub preferably provides the tree with additional root space.
[0080] At the same time, the plant trough fulfills the following functions:
[0081] - optical element in the otherwise two-dimensional street space,
[0082] - can be combined with a bench and PV module (increases the quality of stay),
[0083] - Collision protection against cars and
[0084] - Protection against dog urine.
[0085] The height of the arrangement is limited, if necessary, so that traffic safety is not compromised. This means that one can see over a plant trough that is approximately 0.9 m high from a vehicle, for example, and thus have full visibility of traffic and, in particular, pedestrians.
[0086] If necessary, a simple pumping system can be installed in a shaft, powered by photovoltaic cells. This allows the water collected in the basin to be pumped up to the tree roots or the underplanting, creating additional storage volume for preventive flood protection. Optionally, the actuating element could also be automatically controlled from here.
[0087] The system preferably uses surface runoff from the street to supply the tree with water. The problem of de-icing agents is solved by the actuating element. This can be done manually or via a radio-controlled actuator. During the frost period, the first heavily salt-laden surface waters are diverted into the sewer system. During the growing season, however, all surface water can be channeled into the system. Should additional water requirements arise during the summer period, watering can be carried out by street cleaning vehicles. The vehicle drives past the system, and the released water is channeled to the trees, for example, via the collector.
[0088] The arrangement allows for preferential planting of trees in cities without significant restrictions due to fixtures or sewer pipes, ensuring plant vitality and development and thus essential climate regulation services.
[0089] The preferred use of sealed surfaces to provide water and nutrients to the tree plays a positive role, as this compensates for the limited root space.
[0090] The arrangement can also be used on roofs or garages, for example, as a selective greening element for trees. Full-surface green roofs, in particular, often face significant structural challenges. In comparison, a selective load can often be reinforced more easily. The arrangement, both as a roof greening element and in street applications, can potentially form a valuable component of decentralized and sustainable rainwater management.
[0091] Backfilling and filling with substrates and fill materials should preferably be carried out in layers; the maximum layer thickness is, for example, 30 cm for the structural substrate and 20 cm for the top substrate. Expected settlement is taken into account when placing the material. The extent of settlement is determined in the settled or compacted state.
[0092] Before starting excavation work to create an arrangement, it must be determined whether there are any pipes or other fixtures in the intended excavation area.
[0093] Example dimensioning:
[0094] - Excavation for the tub: 800 cm long, 200 cm wide, 80-90 cm deep.
[0095] - The tank must be constructed in such a way that there is a gradient of at least 2% on all sides towards a low point.
[0096] - Street water should collect at this low point, where the pump shaft can be installed and irrigation water can be drawn off.
[0097] - The location of the low point is not predetermined and can be freely chosen depending on local conditions, as long as the required minimum distances are observed.
[0098] - The shaft should be accessible after installation, therefore the low point should not be positioned under the planter or other elements such as wheel stands, seating elements, etc.
[0099] - Pits which are not sloped should be secured by installing a shoring or other suitable measure if they are deeper than 1.25 m.
[0100] A leveling and protective layer can be made of 0 / 2 or 0 / 4 sand, at least 3-5 cm thick. A protective fleece should be at least 600 g / m 2 have.
[0101] RHEPANOL, for example, can be used as a sealing membrane. The membrane can be extended at least 10 cm above the overflow into the sewer (at the level of the accumulation level). All penetrations should be professionally sealed.
[0102] The installation of the protective fleece with at least 600 g / m 2 should be installed above the sealing membrane. A load-bearing drainage board, for example, with a thickness of 10 mm to 25 mm, can be applied to this.
[0103] The structural substrate should be installed in layers, e.g., with a maximum thickness of 30 cm per layer. During installation, care should be taken to ensure that the root ball anchors are installed correctly and extend up through the substrate toward the planting trough.
[0104] The substrate should preferably be professionally compacted. It is preferably statically compacted to 10-15 MN / m², although deviations are possible if the planned development requires it.
[0105] The tray must be filled with the structural substrate to a depth of, for example, 30 cm below the surface.
[0106] Example requirements for the structural substrate:
[0107] - Minimum capillarity of 18 cm
[0108] - Air pore volume at water saturation at min. 10 vol.%
[0109] - Minimum infiltration rate at 1 * 10-4
[0110] The plant or perennial substrate of a covering layer should also be compacted (Ev1 = 5MN / m 2 ). It is preferably compacted at 3-5 MN / m2 and has a DPR (Proctor Density) of 80-90%, making it walkable. Deviations are possible if the planned development requires it.
[0111] Drip irrigation can be achieved, for example, using a 16 mm pressure-balanced, self-cleaning drip line with a dripper spacing of approximately 30 cm. The maximum spacing between drip lines can be 30 cm.
[0112] Example requirements for the plant substrate of the covering layer:
[0113] - Minimum capillarity of 18 cm
[0114] - Air pore volume at water saturation at min. 10 vol.%
[0115] - Minimum infiltration rate of 1 * 10-4. The planter can be installed at a depth of approximately 30 cm below the top surface of the finished tub or sealed surface. The ring of the planter should preferably be professionally and force-fittedly connected to the ballast anchor and, if necessary, made of steel or another suitable material.
[0116] The root ball anchor can be attached, for example, to the bottom of the plant trough. Any ropes / straps used for root ball anchoring should be routed upwards toward the root ball.
[0117] In all versions, the planting trough should preferably be filled with structural substrate up to the level of the street.
[0118] Example requirements for the tree substrate:
[0119] - Minimum capillarity of 18 cm
[0120] - Air pore volume at water saturation at min. 10 vol.%
[0121] - Minimum infiltration rate at 1*10-4
[0122] An irrigation line can be laid in a ring around the trunk. For example, three rings. Length, for example, approximately 5 meters. The flow rate can be approximately 400 l / h. The irrigation line can be routed to the pump shaft via conduits.
[0123] In all designs, the distribution pipe should be lower than the overflow.
[0124] The gradient of the tub should always be 2% or more.
[0125] In all embodiments, the tray can be formed by one or more films. If necessary, a rigid tray can also be used.
[0126] The arrangement may include a bench or similar objects.
[0127] The invention is further described below with reference to the figures: Fig. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a possible embodiment of the arrangement.
[0128] Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of components of the assembly from above.
[0129] Unless otherwise stated, the reference symbols correspond to the following components: Rainwater 1 , sealed surface 2, infrastructure 3, tray 4, structural substrate 5, cover layer 6, shaft arrangement 7, water inlet 8, water supply 9, water outlet 10, collector 11 , filling level 12, channel 13, plant trough 14, tree substrate 15, tree ball 16, fastening device 17, anchor arrangement 18, anchor plate 19, tie rod 20, pump 21 , inlet shaft 22, pump shaft 23, distribution line 24, overflow 25, sealing 26, protective layer 27, actuating element 28, pump control 29, photovoltaic system 30, telecommunications device 31 , irrigation line 32.
[0130] Fig. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a possible arrangement. The cross-sectional area runs essentially vertically.
[0131] The arrangement comprises a tray 4. The tray 4 is arranged in the region of a sealed surface 2. In particular, the sealed surface 2 is perforated in the region of the tray 4. The sealed surface 2 is, for example, a road surface or a roof surface of a building. The tray 4 is embedded in the sealed surface 2 to a certain depth. The depth is generally limited because, as in the present case, there is infrastructure 3 beneath the tray. This infrastructure 3 can, for example, be pipelines or other fixtures. The tray 4 can preferably comprise a seal 26 and a protective layer 27. The tray 4 is preferably designed to be watertight and root-tight.
[0132] Rainwater 1 striking the sealed surface 2, which cannot seep into the ground, is usually conveyed via a collector 11 to a channel 13. The collector can be a gutter or simply a slope of the sealed surface 2. The arrangement comprises a shaft arrangement 7. In the present case, the shaft arrangement 7 comprises two shafts, namely an inlet shaft 22 and a pump shaft 23. If necessary, however, only a single shaft can be provided. The shaft arrangement 7 comprises a water inlet 8. This water inlet 8 is preferably connected to the collector 11, so that rainwater 1 striking the sealed surface 2 is directed via the collector 11 into the water inlet 8.
[0133] The shaft arrangement 7 comprises a water drain 10. This water drain 10 can direct rainwater 1, which enters the shaft arrangement 7 via the water inlet 8, to the channel 13.
[0134] The shaft arrangement 7 comprises a water inlet 9. The water inlet 9 directs rainwater 1 entering the shaft arrangement 7 into the tray 4. In particular, the tray 4 has a certain fill level 12. This fill level 12, actually the maximum fill level 12, is determined by the position of an overflow 25. In this case, the overflow 25 is formed by the water outlet 10. If necessary, the height of the overflow 25 can be adjusted so that the fill level 12 can also be adjusted.
[0135] For better distribution of the water within the tub 4, a distribution line 24 may be provided. The distribution line 24 may, for example, be a line with multiple openings through which the water is distributed within the tub 4. If necessary, the distribution line 24 may run in a ring shape or in a straight line through the tub 4.
[0136] A structural substrate 5 is arranged in the trough 4. The structural substrate 5 is a substrate that has sufficient cavities or pores as well as a certain capillarity for optimal water storage. For example, the structural substrate 5 can be formed from one or more of the following materials: natural rock aggregates; soil additives such as perlite, biochar, activated carbon, expanded clay, zeolite, and broken brick. The structural substrate 5 is preferably arranged flatly in the trough 4 as a bulk material. The structural substrate 5 or its surface can preferably be solidified. The distribution line 24 preferably extends through the structural substrate 5.
[0137] The structural substrate 5 can be covered by a covering layer 6. The covering layer 6 can, for example, be a sealed layer or a water-permeable layer. The covering layer 6 can, for example, comprise a plant substrate and be covered with vegetation or perennial plants on the top.
[0138] The arrangement comprises a plant trough 14. The plant trough 14 projects upwards above the sealed surface 2 and in particular above the structural substrate 5 of the tub 4. Tree substrate 15 and a tree ball 16 are preferably provided in the plant trough 14. In all embodiments, a tree or other plant preferably extends from the plant trough 14.
[0139] To prevent the tree or plant trough 14 from falling over due to wind forces, a fastening device 17 is provided. The fastening device 17 comprises an anchor arrangement 18 with an anchor plate 19 and a plurality of tension anchors 20. The anchor plate 19 is preferably anchored in the structural substrate 5 or to the tub 4. The tension anchors 20 are connected to the anchor plate 19 on the one hand and to the plant trough 14 on the other. If a force acts on the tree or plant trough 14, the fastening device 17 prevents the tree from falling over. To absorb the compressive forces, the plant trough 14 can, for example, be supported directly on the structural substrate 5. If necessary, however, the fastening device 17 is designed to be compressive and tensile-resistant.
[0140] As mentioned, the shaft arrangement 7 in the present embodiment comprises an inlet shaft 22 and a pump shaft 23. A pump 21 is provided in the pump shaft 23. This pump 21 can transport water collected in the tub 4 to the plant trough 14 or at least to an area above the fill level 12. This allows water to reach the structural substrate 5 and, if necessary, also the tree substrate 15 for storage there. This can improve the overall storage capacity of the arrangement. The water is transported via an irrigation line 32.
[0141] The shaft in which the pump 21 is arranged, in this case preferably in the pump shaft 23, extends to a low point of the tub 4, in particular to the lowest point of the tub 4. In the present embodiment, the tub 4, in particular its bottom, has a gradient extending to the lowest point. In this area, the pump 21 can pump sufficient water even at a low fill level 12. If necessary, the pump 21 also distributes the water in the tub 4 via the distribution line 24.
[0142] The shaft arrangement 7, in this case the inlet shaft 22, has an actuating element 28. The actuating element 28 can, for example, be a multi-way valve or a flap. The actuating element 28 is provided to optionally convey rainwater 1 not into the tray 4, but directly into the channel 13. This is particularly necessary during winter operation of the arrangement, when water contaminated by de-icing agents enters the water inlet 8 on the sealed surface 2. This water, often containing salt, would damage the tree and must therefore be drained directly into the channel 13. This actuating element 28 can be actuated manually, for example. If necessary, however, an electric drive is provided for this purpose, which can also be operated remotely, for example. If necessary, the arrangement comprises a telecommunications device 31 for this and other purposes.
[0143] Electrical energy can be supplied either via a local power grid or via a photovoltaic system 30. The photovoltaic system 30 allows for energy-autonomous operation of the arrangement, if necessary. The electrical energy from the photovoltaic system 30 can be used, for example, to operate the pump 21, the telecommunications device 31, or to actuate the actuating element 28.
[0144] A pump controller 29 and, if appropriate, a sensor can be provided to control the pump 21. The sensor can be, for example, a humidity sensor or a water level sensor. If appropriate, the sensor can also be a temperature sensor. The pump controller 29 can, if appropriate, control the pump 21 for watering the arrangement, taking the sensor data into account or according to a predefined schedule.
[0145] The tree ball 16 is, if necessary, attached to the plant trough 14 or to the fastening device 17 by means of a suitable root ball anchor.
[0146] Fig. 2 shows an arrangement, in particular the arrangement from Fig. 1, in a schematic view from above, wherein hidden components are also shown. In the present case, the arrangement is arranged in the car parking area of a street. In particular, the arrangement has a dimension or a width that essentially corresponds to a car parking space. Rainwater 1 (not visible in the figure) drained from the sealed surface 2 can be guided into the tray 4 via a shaft arrangement 7. A structural substrate 5 is provided in the tray 4. The shaft arrangement 7 comprises a water drain 10 that can guide water to the channel 13. In addition, the shaft arrangement 7 comprises a water supply 9, via which rainwater 1 can be guided into the tray 4 and in particular into its structural substrate 5.For distributing the water 1, a distribution line 24 can be provided which extends in a ring shape through the tub 4 and in particular through the entire tub 4.
[0147] The plant trough 14 is provided in the central area of the arrangement. This can be constructed and mounted as shown in Fig. 1. The tub 4 or its structural substrate 5 can be covered from above by a covering layer 6 and, in particular, also by the plant trough 14.
[0148] The shaft arrangement 7 can in turn comprise a pump shaft 23 and an inlet shaft 22.
[0149] The components shown in Fig. 2 may correspond to the components of Fig. 1.
Claims
Patent claims 1. Arrangement for the green retention of rainwater (1) in an area of a sealed urban area (2) or a road area with underground, piped infrastructure (3), comprising: - a root- and water-resistant tray (4) which extends at least partially or completely below the level of the sealed surface (2), - a structural substrate (5) arranged in the tub (4), which has gaps or pores and capillary properties for storing water and which is optionally covered from above with a covering layer (6), - a shaft arrangement (7) with a water inlet (8), a water supply (9) and at least one water outlet (10), - wherein the water inlet (8) is connected to a collector (11) for the rainwater (1) for receiving the rainwater (1) drained from the sealed surface (2), - and wherein the shaft arrangement (7) directs the collected rainwater (1 ) via the water supply (9) and optionally up to a certain fill level (12) into the tub (4) or drains excess or contaminated rainwater (1 ) via the water outlet (10) to a channel (13), characterized in that - that a plant trough (14) projecting upwards above the tub (4) is provided for receiving a tree substrate (15) and a tree ball (16) embedded in the tree substrate (15), - and that a fastening device (17) is provided for anchoring the tree ball (16) and the plant trough (14) in the area of the tub (4).
2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the plant trough (14) rests and / or is supported on the structural substrate (5) from above.
3. Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fastening device (17) comprises an anchor arrangement (18) which is connected on the one hand to the plant trough (14) and which on the other hand is anchored in the trough (4) and in particular via at least one anchor plate (19) in the structural substrate (5).
4. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the anchor arrangement (18) comprises a plurality of tension anchors (20) which engage the plant trough (14) via tension means such as tension rods.
5. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the shaft arrangement (7) and in particular the water supply (9) comprises a pump (21) via which water located in the tub (4) is supplied to the plant trough (14) and optionally to the covering layer (6).
6. Arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that - that the shaft arrangement (7) comprises an inlet shaft (22) and a pump shaft (23), - and that the pump (21) is provided in the pump shaft (23) and the water inlet (8) is provided in the inlet shaft (22).
7. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one distribution line (24) is provided which extends through the structural substrate (5) for the distribution and / or collection of the water within the tub (4).
8. Arrangement according to claim 7, characterized in that the distribution line (24) is connected to the inlet shaft (22) and to the pump shaft (23).
9. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that - that one or the water outlet (10) is designed as an overflow (25), the position of which defines the fill level (12) of the accumulation of water in the tub (4), - wherein the position of the overflow (25) is designed to be height-adjustable if necessary in order to change the setting of the fill level (12).
10. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the trough (4), measured from the level of the sealed surface (2), projects into the ground to a maximum depth of 120 cm, preferably a maximum depth of 100 cm and particularly preferably a maximum depth of 80 cm.
11. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the trough (4) has an extension along the sealed surface (2) of more than 5 m 2 , especially more than 10 m 2 , if necessary from 10 to 15 m 2 or, where applicable, the size of a car parking space.
12. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that - that the plant trough (14) has a diameter of 1 m to 2 m, - and / or that the plant trough (14) has a height of 0.5 to 2 m.
13. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the trough (4) has a seal (26) made of an environmentally friendly material with a protective sheet and a mechanical protective layer (27) designed in particular as a drainage mat.
14. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the collector (11) connected to the water inlet (8) is a slope of the sealed surface (2), a pipeline provided with a collector (11), an inlet shaft (22), sunken curbstones, an area with trough stones, or an asphalt or concrete edge.
15. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the shaft arrangement (7) has a manual or remote- or radio-controlled actuating element (28) which, in a first position, directs rainwater (1) via the water supply (9) into the tub (4) and, in a second position, directs rainwater (1) contaminated, for example, by de-icing agents, via the water outlet (10) to a channel (13), bypassing the tub (4).
16. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that a pump control (29) is provided which controls the pump (21): - depending on a time parameter, - and / or depending on a sensor parameter such as soil moisture, temperature profile and / or fill level (12) or water level.
17. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that - that a photovoltaic system (30) is provided for providing electrical energy, in particular for the pump (21), the actuating element (28) and / or the pump control (29), - in particular that the arrangement is energy self-sufficient due to the photovoltaic system (30).
18. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that - that a telecommunications device (31) is provided which can send and / or receive data, - wherein the data are, for example, control data for the pump (21), control data for the actuating element (28) and / or sensor data recorded on the arrangement, such as water level or soil moisture.
19. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that - that the covering layer (6) is a sealed surface (2) such as a pavement, - or that the covering layer (6) is a green layer, - or that the covering layer (6) is designed as a drivable, not fully sealed, i.e. partially open, surface.