Pyrolysis burner with bypass

Abstract

What is described is a device for the in particular low-emission burning of (solid) fuels, in particular with visible fire, preferably a fireplace and / or stove and / or stove fireplace or the like, comprising: a combustion chamber, a prechamber through which the air flows before the air enters the combustion chamber, a receiving chamber through which hot air flows after it has been heated in the combustion chamber, an exhaust-air pipe which is connected to the receiving chamber and directs smoke and hot air, wherein the combustion chamber receives fuel in a predetermined amount, characterized in that the air in the prechamber flows either into the combustion chamber or into a first secondary line which leads above the combustion chamber into the hot air flow.

Description

[0001] Pyrolysis burner with bypass

[0002] The invention relates to a device for the low-emission combustion of a (solid) fuel, preferably wood pellets, wood chips, logs of a predetermined size or the like.

[0003] As prior art, reference is generally made to WO 2021 / 160880, DE 20 2006 003 963 U1 , DE 20 2007 006 055 U1 , EP 3 620 717 A1 and WO 2023 / 041599.

[0004] While the known prior art has already achieved a considerable substantial reduction in particulate matter during combustion, in particular pyrolysis combustion, the aim of the present invention is to reduce the proportion of particulate matter as well as the proportion of carbon monoxide, the proportion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or other environmentally polluting and harmful combustion products (whether solid or gaseous), in particular to produce a more uniform, faster and thus more attractive flame pattern and to enable the user of the device according to the invention to easily handle the device and the appliance, without having to intervene in the wood combustion / pyrolysis combustion system in the device with too much complex sensor technology and control / actuators.Furthermore, it is also the aim of the present invention to increase the attractiveness of a pyrolysis combustion device, in particular to design the combustion with such low particulate matter that it complies with even the strictest regulations and restrictions, and thus to enable the operation of an incineration plant even in places where this is often no longer possible, e.g. in cities or densely populated residential areas. At the same time, the generated heat should be used even more effectively, i.e. as little heat as possible should escape to the outside through the chimney in order to use a fuel such as wood / biomass, particularly in the form of pellets, wood chips, or similar, in an even more climate-efficient way than before. To achieve the stated task and the self-imposed objective, a solution is proposed as described in the claims.According to the invention, a device is proposed for the combustion of (solid) fuels, in particular with low emissions, in particular with visible fire, preferably a fireplace and / or stove and / or oven chimney or the like, comprising: a combustion chamber, an anteroom through which the air flows before the air enters the combustion chamber, a receiving chamber through which warm air flows after it has been heated in the combustion chamber, an exhaust air pipe which is connected to the receiving chamber and conducts smoke or warm air, wherein the combustion chamber receives fuel in a predeterminable amount, the binding air flows in the anteroom either into the combustion chamber or into a first secondary line, preferably into the air flow receiving chamber or an exhaust air pipe, wherein the combustion chamber receives fuel in a predetermined amount and the air located in the anteroom flows either into the combustion chamber or into a first secondary line which opens into the warm air flow above the combustion chamber.

[0005] A device for the combustion of (solid) fuels, in particular with low emissions, in particular with visible fire, preferably a fireplace and / or stove and / or oven chimney or the like, comprising: a combustion chamber, an anteroom through which the air flows before the air enters the combustion chamber, a receiving chamber through which warm air flows after it has been heated in the combustion chamber, an exhaust air pipe which is connected to the receiving chamber and discharges smoke or warm air, wherein the combustion chamber receives a predeterminable amount of fuel, air located in the anteroom flows either into the combustion chamber or into a first secondary line, wherein the combustion chamber receives fuel in a predetermined amount and air located in the anteroom flows either into the combustion chamber or into a first secondary line which opens into the warm air stream above the combustion chamber.

[0006] Preferably, the receiving space accommodates a plurality of bodies, wherein the bodies preferably have a great roughness on the outside and the warm / hot air from the combustion chamber flows past the bodies, wherein the receiving space has a predetermined cross-section in the flow direction of the air, which is filled to more than 25%, preferably more than 50%, with bodies that lie next to and / or on top of one another.

[0007] The combustion chamber preferably has a (lower) section for receiving bulk material, preferably an air swirl chamber, in order to guide air flowing from the anteroom into the combustion chamber through the bulk material at least in one direction, wherein the bulk material is arranged in such a way that an air mass flow experiences swirling through the bulk material, whereby the air mass flow is slowed down in one direction along its flow direction and the air mass flow thus slowed down is available for combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber, in particular in such a way that the combustion takes place with little fine dust, preferably causing an almost perfect pyrolysis combustion.

[0008] Furthermore, the device according to the invention has a draught limiter device as a second secondary line, and the draught limiter device opens into the exhaust air pipe and / or the receiving space, wherein the inlet of the draught limiter device is located in or near the anteroom and the draught limiter device has an opening device which only opens at a predetermined pressure or overpressure.

[0009] According to the invention, the first and second secondary lines are integrated in one component but separated from each other and the component forms a hollow plate (hollow wall) or the like.

[0010] Preferably, the component in which the first and / or second secondary line is integrated has a support function for the device according to the invention, e.g., a holding function as a partition wall or the like, wherein the device is attached to a room and / or house wall or is freestanding and the component is located between the combustion chamber and the wall and / or adjacent to the combustion chamber.

[0011] According to the device, the secondary line is formed by at least one, preferably several secondary lines or tubes which are guided laterally along the device, past the combustion chamber, and the secondary line can also have a shock-fall protection function for the device.

[0012] The device has a primary air duct through which air flows into the combustion chamber, and a secondary air duct through which, depending on the setting of an adjustment device for secondary ventilation, air flows into the combustion chamber into the first secondary line. The secondary air flows above the combustible material / fuel into the flame region of the combustion chamber, and the primary air initially flows through or along the fuel into the combustion chamber before reaching the flame region of the combustion chamber. The primary air ignites the combustible material, while the secondary air essentially ignites the pyrolysis gases. Both of these factors together ensure extremely low-emission combustion and optimally fulfill the objectives of the invention.

[0013] Preferably, the proportion of air flowing through the first secondary line depends on the flow resistance created by the bodies in the receiving space. The device further comprises a base section with a lateral opening into which air can flow. The base section is closed off by a plate, with at least one first primary air opening and at least one secondary air opening, and an opening forming the inlet to the first secondary line. The inlet to the draft limiting device is preferably also embedded in the base section, preferably having a first or second connection for the draft limiting device or first secondary line.

[0014] Preferably, the bodies in the receiving space have an approximately symmetrical shape, e.g., spheres, cuboids, cylinders, or other shapes that allow stacking of the bodies while simultaneously creating free space between the bodies to allow air to flow past the bodies.

[0015] The material of the bodies consists of fireclay or other heat-resistant materials or material, e.g. clay bricks, vermiculite, aluminum or metal.

[0016] The bodies have a high degree of roughness on the outside, in particular by impressing with a tool, e.g. stamp or burning of material which was first introduced into the body and by the roughness of the surface of the bodies the mathematical surface is increased by more than, preferably more than 100%.

[0017] In the case of a body made of clay chamotte material, wood or coal, in particular biochar material, e.g. in pellet form or the like, is first mixed in to increase the surface area and when the body is then heated to over 700 °, preferably over 1000 °, in order to harden the clay chamotte material, the introduced material, e.g. wood, biochar or the like, burns, thus forming furrows, holes, openings, grooves or the like on the outside of the body and preferably also inside the body.

[0018] The material of the body preferably has a particularly high heat storage function, i.e. the material of the body is capable of storing a relatively large amount of heat and releasing it, so that the bodies in the receiving space take on a heating function for the device when the fire in the combustion chamber has almost or completely gone out. The first and second branch lines open into the outside of the pipe (stove pipe) at a predetermined end piece thereof. The device according to the invention has a condensate drain (not shown) on the outlet side, in which condensate that forms due to the strong cooling of the warm air can be collected and drained away.

[0019] According to the invention, the first secondary line has a pressure equalization function. The first secondary line prevents little or no ram air from forming in the combustion chamber, thus promoting uniform combustion in the combustion chamber, reducing the proportion of fine dust in the preferred pyrolysis combustion, and providing the most uniform and calm flame pattern possible. The first secondary line thus supports an optimal and uniform combustion reaction because the ratio of preferably pyrolysis gas and combustion air can be optimally adjusted to one another via the secondary line. This optimal reaction ratio leads to the lowest pollutant and fine dust levels and to a maximum combustion temperature. The latter, in turn, ensures that combustible residual components in the exhaust air can be burned, which is not possible at low temperatures of, for example, 200 °C.

[0020] The invention is explained by way of example in the drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 shows a view of an apparatus according to the invention for the low-emission combustion of a (solid) fuel, e.g., wood pellets, plant pellets, wood chips, logs of a predetermined size, or the like.

[0022] The device has a burner, preferably a pyrolysis burner 1 with a combustion chamber 1 a, BR, above which a receiving chamber 2 is arranged. In the receiving chamber 2, which among other things has the function of a filter chamber, a plurality of bodies 20 are arranged, which are preferably very rough on the outside and which restrict and guide the flow of warm air from the pyrolysis burner 1 or combustion chamber 1 a, BR through the receiving chamber 2 in such a way that the warm air, in particular the smoke from the pyrolysis burner 1, is cleaned and heat is transferred to the bodies 20, so that the air or smoke from the pyrolysis burner 1 reaches a chimney flue 3 at a reduced temperature (as long as the bodies have not yet reached their maximum temperature).

[0023] Furthermore, a first secondary line 4 opens into the chimney flue 3 as a functional bypass for the primary air PL and / or secondary air SL and / or a draught limiter 5 as a second secondary line 5a. The inlets 6 and 7 of the first and second secondary lines 4 and 5a are formed at the bottom of the device 1; a higher arrangement in the device would also be readily possible.

[0024] The pyrolysis burner 1 has a primary air duct 9 through which the primary air PL enters the pyrolysis zone PZ for combustion into the combustion chamber 1a, BR of the pyrolysis burner 1. (Fig. 10)

[0025] Furthermore, the device has a secondary air opening 10. Through this secondary air opening 10, secondary air SL flows into the combustion chamber 1a, BR of the pyrolysis burner 1, namely into a mixing zone MZ, which is arranged above the pyrolysis zone PZ. The secondary air SL flows through a heated double wall 30 through openings 31 into the combustion chamber 1a, BR of the pyrolysis burner 1. This causes the combustion of the prolysis gases rising upwards and flowing through the mixing zone MZ, so that a combustion zone VZ is formed, which has a visible flame with a very high temperature.

[0026] Such a pyrolysis combustion with supply of primary air PL from below and secondary air SL from above into the combustion chamber 1 a, BR is also shown in Figure 10 in a schematic diagram and will be explained below.

[0027] Due to the arrangement of bodies 20 in the receiving space 2, an air resistance is formed in the receiving space 2, so that a certain amount of primary air PL and / or secondary air SL does not reach the combustion chamber 1 a, BR, but flows through the first secondary line 4 and then flows into the receiving space 2 or into the adjoining chimney flue 3 on the outlet side.

[0028] Figures 2a and 2b show the device according to the invention in further views.

[0029] Figure 3 shows an enlarged view of the base of the device according to the invention.

[0030] The (slit-like) inlet 6 of the first secondary line 4 can be seen. This inlet 6 is located in or above a plate / partition wall 11, which has at least one of the secondary air openings 10. Air flowing through this secondary air opening 10 then enters the combustion chamber 1a, BR, preferably laterally above the pyrolysis zone PZ, into the pyrolysis burner 1 (see Fig. 10) and flows past the combustible material / fuel on the outside to then reach the flame region VZ of the pyrolysis burner 1.

[0031] Furthermore, air from the anteroom 8, the lower part of which is formed by the plate 11, is also led through the inlet 6 into the first secondary line 4, which in the example shown is formed in a wall 12 with an air duct, so that the air flowing through the inlet 6 of the first secondary line 4 is then discharged into the chimney flue

[0032] 3 flows back in.

[0033] The amount of air that enters the first secondary line 4 depends on various factors that can be adjusted and are also adjusted (automatically) during operation. These include the temperature and pressure conditions in the combustion chamber 1a, BR, and receiving chamber 2, as well as the number of filter / storage bodies 20 in receiving chamber 2 and the flow surfaces that allow warm air to flow past the bodies 20 into the furnace pipe. The first secondary line

[0034] 4 has the function, without the need for separate adjusting means, that on the one hand a very clean combustion can be set in the combustion chamber 1 a, BR, the solid and gaseous pollutants in the exhaust air are extremely low (ideally almost zero pollution, e.g. fine dust), a very beautiful, namely calm yet bright flame image is produced (primarily a bright, yellow flame) and the fine dust in the combustion chamber / intake space 1 a, BR, 2, which is more likely to be caused by poor combustion, is dissolved by the almost optimal combustion because there is always a uniform and yet optimal amount of primary PL as well as secondary air SL.

[0035] Without a first secondary line 4, the user of the device would have to make numerous individual adjustments / settings to ensure the ideal primary air PL / secondary air PL ratio, which the user is often unable to perform due to a lack of experience. Since the temperature and pressure conditions also change during combustion, the user would have to repeatedly readjust the adjustment devices. With the first secondary line 4, the optimal conditions are achieved even without such specific adjustment devices.

[0036] The cross-section of the first branch line 4 in the example shown is approximately 25 cm 2Depending on the size of the combustion chamber / receiving space 1 a, BR, 2, the cross-section of the first secondary line 4 can be adjusted to fulfill the desired bypass function. Simple tests can be performed for adjustment, with the flame pattern of the pyrolysis combustion providing a good measure, as a very high temperature produces a bright flame pattern. The flame pattern becomes increasingly unsteady the worse the primary air PL and secondary air SL are matched to each other, or the more stagnant air forms in the exhaust gas area, i.e., in the receiving space 2 of the furnace.

[0037] Of course, the air from the vestibule 8, the lower part of which is formed by the plate 11, can also enter the first secondary duct 4 through the inlet 6, which is formed with a duct in the exposed wall 12, so that the air that has flowed into the first inlet 6 of the first secondary duct 4 then flows back into the chimney flue 3 at the outlet. (Fig. 1; top)

[0038] The inlet of the second branch line 5a in the form of the draught limiter 5 is located below the plate 11 (the inlet of the draught limiter 5 does not necessarily have to be located below the plate 11, it can also - as is usually the case - be located above the combustion chamber 1a, BR in the area of ​​the chimney stove pipe 3).

[0039] The function of the draught limiter 5 is to compensate for pressure fluctuations in the chimney 3. Particularly in winter, when temperatures drop very low, the pressure conditions in the chimney 3 also change. The large temperature gradient between the outside and inside air creates a sometimes very high negative pressure in the chimney pipe 3. The result is that the buoyancy (in the chimney 3) is subject to strong fluctuations. However, uniform, thermal buoyancy is a prerequisite for economical energy consumption. If the buoyancy in the exhaust shaft (stove pipe 3) exceeds a certain value, the negative pressure draws the heat out of the stove and thus reduces the efficiency of the burner 1.

[0040] Draught restrictors are independent secondary air devices which, as mentioned, are regularly installed on chimneys, see also Fig. 9. By supplying additional air from outside, these components regulate the pressure conditions in the chimney 3. The basic functionality is relatively simple. Cold outside air (room air) is supplied to the chimney system as needed via a movable (adjustable) flap. The flap opens when a certain negative pressure is undershot and closes when the pressure conditions are equalized again. The limit for opening or closing the flap can be adjusted accordingly for the respective pressure conditions in the chimney 3. In the example shown, the draught restrictor ö is integrated into the device (invisible from the outside), i.e. the inlet of the draught restrictor 5 represents the inlet for the second secondary line 5a, which is also integrated into the wall 12, i.e.the wall 12 forms a second cavity there, so that the air can flow from the inlet of the draught limiter 5 to its outlet into the chimney 3.

[0041] The advantage of the integrated solution according to the invention is that the draught limiter 5 of the variant shown in Fig. 1 is virtually "hidden in the furnace", ie is virtually invisible, and the operation / maintenance (if necessary) of the draught limiter 5 at the base in the furnace area is generally easier than at a height of several meters (the draught limiter 5 according to Figure 7 is arranged approximately 2.50 m above the floor).

[0042] Ventilation slots 13 are also arranged on both sides of the base of the oven so that the air can flow easily into the device 1 according to the invention.

[0043] Figure 4 shows an enlarged view of the junction of the first branch line 4 and the second branch line 5a into the furnace pipe 3, whereby the two branch lines 4, 5a are connected with a separate junction piece 14.

[0044] In Figure 4 it can also be seen that the wall 12 is integrated into both the first and the second branch line 4, 5a and at the same time the rear wall also forms a protective function, in particular when the pyrolysis burner 1 is located very close to a house wall and thus in the wall 12 - if necessary also with appropriate thermal insulation - ensures that the heat acting on the wall 12 does not become too great.

[0045] As air flows through the first 4 and / or second secondary line 5a, this air is automatically heated to a certain extent and thus also cooled by the wall 12, so that each secondary line 4a, 5a also has a heat exchange function.

[0046] Finally, the wall 12, which is made of metal, also has the advantage that it can support, fix, or hold parts of the device according to the invention, e.g., connections.

[0047] Figure 5 shows another view of the base of the device 1 according to the invention. This base forms a pedestal, and in Figure 5, this pedestal is shown from the wall side 12 (without the wall itself). The inlets for the draught regulator 5 and the inlets for the first secondary line 4 as a bypass for the secondary air SL, as well as the secondary air opening 10 and the two primary air openings 16, can be seen.

[0048] Figures 6 and 7 show an alternative embodiment of the device according to the invention.

[0049] The first secondary line 4 is not integrated into the rear wall of the device, but rather as two (rectangular or circular) pipes 15, which are routed to the left and right of the device's combustion chamber. Instead of two pipes 15, one pipe 15 is sufficient, as long as sufficient air can flow through it.

[0050] As can be seen in Figure 7, the pipes 15 of the first branch line 4 open into the upper part 17 in the receiving space 2. In the example shown, the draught limiter 5 is connected directly to the pipe 3.

[0051] To better illustrate the arrangement of the storage-Z filter bodies 20 in Figure 6, such an arrangement is shown in the upper part of the combustion chamber 1a, BR of the pyrolysis burner 1. The arrangement of the bodies 20 is also possible there, but preferably within the receiving space 2, with a plurality of these receiving bodies being placed there, so that the air flowing through the receiving space 2 must find its way through the free space labyrinth between the bodies 20.

[0052] The bodies 20 themselves are made of a preferred material, e.g., clay fireclay, which has the particular advantage of having the highest possible heat capacity, so that the bodies heat up during the firing process and can release their stored heat into the room even when the fire in the combustion chamber has already gone out or is very low.

[0053] The layering or positioning of the bodies 20 in the receiving space 2 depending on the number of layers of the bodies or their diameters and the free space between the bodies 20, a flow resistance occurs during operation of the pyrolysis burner 1, which, for example, is due to the back pressure, which depends on the specified parameters and the higher this flow resistance is, the more air flows through the first secondary line 4 or vice versa.

[0054] The flame pattern in the combustion zone VZ is ultimately determined by these bodies 20 and the aforementioned parameters, including their number, number of layers, their offset, their diameter, free space, etc., both in terms of the size of the flame and its dynamics or calmness. For an ideal flame pattern / ideal combustion, it is also important to ensure that the cross-section or flow resistance in the first secondary line 4 is adjusted in order to reduce the air in or in front of the receiving chamber 2, as this would lead to an unstable, suboptimal flame pattern or combustion. The ideal coordination of the first secondary line 4 and the body 20 in the receiving chamber 2 can be determined by simple tests during combustion, e.g. by changing the diameter of the first secondary line 4, the inlet or outlet using an adjustment device or the like.

[0055] The material of the oven shown consists mainly of iron, steel or other metal parts, so that the absorbed heat can be transferred to the outside easily and quickly.

[0056] Figure 8 shows an enlarged view of the bodies 20. In the example shown, the bodies are spheres; other geometric shapes, such as prisms, cylinders, cuboids, or the like, are also possible, including the formation of asymmetrical bodies. It is important that the bodies 20 can be stacked next to one another or on top of one another, and that they can be stacked in such a way that, when stacked, free spaces / open areas, e.g., approximately 50% of the cross-section of the receiving space 2, are created between the bodies 20, through which air can then flow.

[0057] In the example shown, it is clearly visible that the roughness of the body 20 is very large.

[0058] This roughness is achieved by mixing the bodies, which consist of a clay chamotte material, with, for example, biochar pellets, wood pellets or the like during their production. When the bodies 20 are then heated to over 800°, preferably over 1200°, in order to harden the clay chamotte material of the bodies, the biochar / wood pellets or the like burns and correspondingly coarse, but also finer furrows remain on the outside as well as the inside of the body 20. These furrows have the function (due to the natural roughness of the clay chamotte material) of filtering the fine dust, i.e. unburned fine dust contained in the combustion air flowing past the body 20 is deposited in / on the furrows on the surface, thus filtering the smoke of the fine dust from the combustion chamber 1 a, BR. In order to remove the fine dust from the bodies, they are cleaned after a certain time, e.g. B.1-2 years, arranged in the combustion chamber 1 a, BR and then the fine dust burns or the fine dust is sucked out, removed with compressed air or the bodies 20 are then replaced.

[0059] The formation of the roughness on the outside of the body 20 can also be achieved by stamps or other tools that make an impression in the material in order to thereby create the mathematical surface (the mathematical surface of a sphere is TT * d 2 ), through the embossings, openings, grooves, furrows, etc., the surface of the represented bodies is enlarged by more than 50%, preferably more than 100%, above the surface of the mathematical form.

[0060] Figure 10 shows the structure of the pyrolysis burner 1 according to the invention.

[0061] The air first enters the burner 2 from the outside through ventilation slots 13 and then divides into a primary PL and a secondary air flow SL upon entry.

[0062] The primary air flow PL enters the combustion chamber 1 a, BR from below, which receives fuel, e.g. wood pellets, wood chips and the like, and the primary air PL is responsible for the oxygen supply in the pyrolysis zone PZ, in which the pyrolysis gas is produced by combustion / smoldering, which flows upwards into the mixing zone MZ.

[0063] The secondary air SL only enters the combustion chamber 1a, BR in or above the mixing zone MZ, after it is first preheated in the double wall and then passes from the double wall through openings 31 into the mixing zone MZ of the combustion chamber 1a, BR. In this mixing zone MZ, the rising hot pyrolysis gas from the pyrolysis zone PZ and the secondary air SL mix, igniting a visible flame in the combustion zone VZ.

[0064] Pyrolysis and the ignition of the pyrolysis gases in the combustion zone VZ create a bright, visible flame that is extremely hot.

[0065] In the burner according to the invention, the primary air PL acts from below as a combustion accelerator, quickly achieving a high temperature and thus enabling the pyrolysis gases to escape from the fuel. Secondary air SL is supplied above the fire ignited by the primary air PL to combust the gases released by the wood. This also results in any smoke / particulate matter, etc., being combusted during this phase, resulting in very low-smoke combustion and a very high temperature, thus enabling high efficiency.

[0066] In Fig. 10, the secondary air SL from the anteroom 8 enters the combustion chamber 1 a, BR directly and from there is flowed directly into the area in order to create an ideal flame pattern and enable ideal pyrolysis gas combustion.

[0067] Above the combustion chamber 1a, BR, the receiving space 2 (not shown in Fig. 10) is formed, which accommodates the storage / filter bodies 20. The storage bodies 20 are placed randomly on top of one another; it is clearly visible in Fig. 8 that a sufficient free space is still formed between the bodies 20 through which the flame air can flow from the combustion chamber 1a, BR, to then finally be discharged via the furnace pipe 3 (e.g. Fig. 9). As mentioned, the storage bodies 20 also have a filtering function; thus, fine dust or other components of the smoke are bound by the bodies 20 and filtered out of the air stream.

[0068] Tests have shown that not only can the maximum amount of particulate matter be removed from the smoke and reduced or removed from the exhaust air by pyrolysis combustion, but also that the proportions of carbon monoxide as well as the proportions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the exhaust air in the stove pipe are extremely low, and with an optimal setting are even almost zero.

[0069] Such excellent combustion not only results in a maximum heat content being obtained from the fuel, but also in the exhaust air being so clean that the operation of the device according to the invention, the pyrolysis burner 1, is possible where, due to emission reductions (e.g. in dense residential areas of large cities), such operation of wood-based devices, e.g. fireplace stoves with logs, is no longer permitted.

[0070] During the pyrolysis combustion according to the invention, an extraordinarily high temperature is reached, which also makes it possible to use the device 1 according to the invention as a stove or oven, e.g. by arranging a closed space (with a door) above the flame section VZ in the combustion chamber BR, in which the food can be conveniently placed for cooking, baking or the like.

[0071] Figure 6 shows the device 1 according to the invention with a viewing window. In the area where the balls are located in Figure 6, such a space for accommodating a pot, baking pan or the like could easily be arranged. The exhaust air can still be guided past this into the receiving space 2 and then through the furnace pipe s. During pyrolysis combustion, as shown and described, it is particularly important that the air supply is finely coordinated, i.e. that the correct amount of primary air PL is introduced with the correct amount of secondary air SL. It is also important, as shown in Figure 6, that if the furnace device has a viewing window, this viewing window is located in a furnace door that can be easily closed, in order to at least reduce the penetration of drafts through the furnace door, or ideally even to completely eliminate it.

[0072] In the arrangement shown in Figure 10, the fuel burns from top to bottom; the actual flame area VZ, i.e. where the flame is established, remains, even when the fuel has already burned down to a considerable extent.

[0073] This is the result of pyrolysis gas combustion, in which the fuel is initially ignited by the primary air PL, but the actual flame is visible and develops at a particularly high temperature in the area VZ, where the secondary air SL enters the flame area 23 from outside.

[0074]

[0075] Pyrolysis burner 1

[0076] Recording room 2

[0077] Chimney stovepipe 3

[0078] First branch line 4

[0079] Second branch line 5a

[0080] Draft limiter (ZN) 5

[0081] Entrances 6, 7

[0082] Anteroom 8

[0083] Primary air duct 9

[0084] Secondary air opening 10

[0085] Panel / Partition 11

[0086] Wall 12

[0087] Ventilation slots 13

[0088] Junction 14

[0089] Pipes 15

[0090] Pipe 15a

[0091] Primary air opening 16

[0092] Recording Room 17

[0093] (Storage) Body 20

[0094] Flame area 23

[0095] Base 26

[0096] Ash room 27

[0097] Double wall 30

[0098] Opening 31

[0099] Primary air PL pyrolysis zone PZ

[0100] Secondary air SL

[0101] Combustion zone Flame area Visible fire VZ

[0102] Combustion chamber 1a, BR

Claims

1. Device (1) for the particularly low-emission combustion of (solid) fuels, in particular with visible fire (VZ), preferably a fireplace and / or stove and / or oven chimney or the like, comprising: - a combustion chamber (1 a, BR) - an antechamber (8) through which the air (PL, SZ) flows before the air enters the combustion chamber (1 a, BR), the antechamber being located within the device (1) - a receiving chamber (2) through which warm air flows after it has been heated in the combustion chamber (1 a, BR) - an exhaust air pipe (3) which is connected to the receiving space (2) and conducts smoke or warm air, the combustion chamber (1 a, BR) receiving fuel in a predetermined amount, characterized in that the air located in the anteroom (8) flows either into the combustion chamber (1 a, BR) or into a first secondary line (4) which opens into the warm air stream above the combustion chamber (1 a, BR), and the first secondary line (4) preferably does not require any separate adjusting means such as, for example, in the case of a draught limiting device, and preferably has the function that very clean combustion can be set in the combustion chamber (1 a, BR) and the solid and gaseous pollutants in the exhaust air are extremely low.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiving space (2) receives a plurality of bodies (20), the bodies (20) preferably having a great roughness on the outside and the warm / hot air from the combustion chamber (1 a, BR) flowing past the bodies (20), the receiving space (2) having a predetermined cross-section in the flow direction of the air, which is filled to more than 25%, preferably 50%, with bodies (20) lying next to and / or on top of one another.

3. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combustion chamber (1 a, BR) has a (lower) section for receiving bulk material, preferably an air swirl chamber, in order to guide primary air (PL), which flows from the antechamber (2) into the combustion chamber (1 a, BR), at least in one direction through the bulk material, and the bulk material is arranged in such a way that an air mass flow experiences swirling through the bulk material, whereby the primary air (PL) is slowed down in one direction along its flow direction and the thus slowed down air mass flow supplies the primary air (PL) for combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber (1 a, BR) to is available, in particular in such a way that the combustion is carried out with low levels of fine dust, preferably resulting in almost perfect pyrolysis combustion.

4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device has a draught limiting device (5) as a second secondary line (5a), and the draught limiting device (5) opens into the exhaust air pipe (3) and / or the receiving space (2), wherein the inlet of the draught limiting device (5) is located in or near the anteroom (2) and the draught limiting device (5) has an opening device which only opens at a predetermined pressure or overpressure.

5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first (4) and second secondary line (5a) are integrated in one component but are separated from each other and the component forms a hollow plate, hollow wall (12) or the like.

6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the component has a supporting function and / or protective function for the device 1 and the component is preferably located between the combustion chamber (1 a, BR) and a room / a house wall, and / or the parts of the device 1 are carried or held by the component.

7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first secondary line (4) is formed by a plurality of air lines or tubes (15) which are guided laterally past the combustion chamber (1 a, BR) and the tubes / air lines (15) preferably also form a mechanical protective function for the device 1.

8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device has a primary air duct PL through which air is introduced into the Combustion chamber (1 a, BR) flows and a secondary air duct (SL) is formed, through which, depending on the setting, an adjustment device for the secondary ventilation (SL) flows into the combustion chamber (1 a, BR) and into the first secondary line (4), wherein preferably secondary air (SL) flows into a flame region (VZ) of the combustion chamber (1 a, BR) and primary air (PL) initially flows through or along the fuel in the combustion chamber (1 a, BR) before it reaches the flame region (VZ) of the combustion chamber (1 a, BR).

9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proportion of air flowing through the first secondary line (4) depends on the flow resistance (dynamic pressure), which depends on the number and / or diameter of the bodies (20) in the receiving space (2) and the free space between the bodies (20).

10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device has a bottom section with a lateral opening into which Air can flow in, wherein the base section is closed off with a plate, with at least one first primary air opening (16) and / or at least one secondary air opening (10) and an opening (6, 7) which forms the inlet to the first secondary line (4) and wherein the inlet for the draft limiting device (5) is preferably also let into the base section, preferably having a first or second connection for the draft limiting device (5) or first secondary line (4).

11. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bodies (20) arranged in the receiving space (2) preferably have a geometric shape, e.g., spheres, cuboids, cylinders or other shapes that allow stacking of the bodies (20), while simultaneously forming gaps / free spaces between the bodies (20) to allow air to flow past the bodies (20).

12. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material of the body (20) is fireclay or other heat-resistant material, e.g. clay fireclay, clay brick, vermiculite, aluminum or other metals.

13. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the roughness formed on the outside of the body (20) is formed by embossing a tool, e.g. stamp or by burning material which was first introduced into the body (20), and by the roughness the surface of the body (20) is increased significantly, ie by more than 50, preferably more than 100% compared to the symmetrical mathematical surface.

14. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the body consists of clay chamotte material, into which wood or Coal, especially biochar material, e.g. pellet form or the like, is mixed in and then the bodies are heated above 800 °, so that the introduced material burns and thus furrows, holes, openings, grooves and the like are formed on the outside of the body (20) and preferably also inside the body (20).

15. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material of the body (20) in particular has a heat storage function, ie is a material which is able to store and release a large amount of heat and that thus the body (20) in the receiving space (20) takes over a heating function for the device 1 when the fire in the combustion chamber (1 a, BR) has gone out.

16. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first secondary line (4) and the second secondary line (5a) open into a predetermined connecting piece (14) of the pipe (3) on the outlet side.

17. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device 1 has a condensate water drain on the outlet side, in which condensate water, which forms on the outlet side due to the strong cooling of the warm air, is collected and drained away.

18. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first secondary line (4) has a pressure equalization function and the first secondary line (4) prevents little or no ram air from forming in the combustion chamber (1 a, BR) (e.g. due to the bodies (20)), in order to promote uniform combustion in the combustion chamber (1 a, BR), in order to reduce the fine dust content of the preferred pyrolysis combustion and in order to provide a uniform, calm flame pattern (VZ).

19. Device for the combustion of (solid) fuels, in particular with low emissions, in particular with visible fire, preferably a fireplace and / or stove and / or oven chimney or the like, comprising: - a combustion chamber (1 a, BR) - an anteroom (8) through which the air flows before entering the combustion chamber (1 a, BR) - a receiving chamber (2) through which warm air flows after it has been heated in the combustion chamber (1 a, BR) - an exhaust air pipe (3) which is connected to the receiving space (2) and directs smoke or warm air, wherein the combustion chamber (1 a, BR) receives fuel in a predetermined amount, characterized in that the receiving space (2) and / or combustion chamber (1 a, BR) receives a plurality of bodies (20), wherein the bodies (20) preferably have a great deal of roughness on the outside and / or warm / hot air from the combustion chamber (1 a, BR) flows past the bodies (20) and releases heat to the bodies (20), which heat is stored in the bodies (20), wherein the receiving space (20) has a predetermined cross-section in the direction of flow in the air, which cross-section is filled to more than 25%, preferably 50%, with bodies (20) that lie next to and / or on top of one another, and that the bodies lie on top of one another in a plurality of layers in the receiving space and the flame pattern in the combustion zone (VZ) is determined by these bodies, both by the size of the flame and by its dynamics or rest.

20. Device according to one of the features of claim 14, wherein the bodies (20) are designed according to claims 11 and 15.

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