Musical string
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ZDENKA INFELD ASSET MANAGEMENT GMBH
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-08
Smart Images
Figure EP2024074293_06032025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] musical string
[0002] The invention relates to a musical string according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
[0003] Most known musical strings exhibit essentially homogeneous mechanical properties across their length in the playing range. These strings are mounted on musical instruments, such as violins or guitars, and are used to produce sound on these same musical instruments. The string is stimulated by a musician, for example, strumming or plucking. To stimulate vibrations of different frequencies, and thus to produce different tones and timbres, the string is clamped to a shortened length either with the fingers or a mechanical clamp. This creates a shortened string with a higher vibration frequency, since every vibrating string has its own natural frequency that depends solely on its mechanical properties. Plucking or strumming serves to supply energy and determines the shape of the vibrations produced.
[0004] It has proven disadvantageous that with shorter fretted or clipped string lengths, the sound of the string differs significantly from the sound of the same string with a longer vibrating string length. As the vibrating or fretted string length decreases, musical strings generally take on an increasingly closed or constricted sound character. As a result, musical instruments in different frequency ranges, or in musical terms, different registers, exhibit different sound characteristics, as well as different handling characteristics and a different playing feel for the musician.Since it is often possible to excite the same note on different strings on string instruments – and therefore also with different lengths of the respective string – the musical instrument can have a different tonal character in the same frequency range, depending on which musical string and in which position (position of the hand on the fingerboard) the note was produced. This can have a negative impact on the tonal character of the musical instrument in question as well as the interpretation or reproduction of a piece of music. Furthermore, it has been shown that virtuosos in particular require special or unusual musical strings in order to be able to develop their full potential, and that the tonal or playing technical possibilities of available musical strings are often inadequate. Such musicians could play even better or even more effectively.play in a more differentiated way, but are often limited by the fact that conventional musical strings do not allow or physically do not allow certain musical expression possibilities.
[0005] As already mentioned above, musical strings vibrate at a natural frequency, which depends on the length of the string when vibrated. This natural frequency also depends on the mass of the string, which is why most musical strings, in addition to a supporting core, have at least one winding layer wound around the core. This winding layer, which primarily serves to increase the mass per unit area to a specified value, also directly influences the sound characteristics of a musical string. The winding layer can influence the overtone behavior as well as the damping of the musical string.
[0006] US Pat. Nos. 5,801,319 A and 4,326,444 A each disclose musical strings in which the outermost winding layer is ground or compressed after the winding process is completed. In musical strings produced in this way, the outer winding layers in the ground or compressed areas consistently have the same cross-section, thus the same cross-sectional shape and the same cross-sectional area. The same applies to the areas that have not been treated in this way.
[0007] The object of the invention is therefore to provide a musical string of the type mentioned at the outset, with which the disadvantages mentioned can be avoided and which has a large number of possibilities for sound adjustment.
[0008] According to the invention, this is achieved by the features of patent claim 1.
[0009] This provides expanded possibilities for adjusting and specifying the sound and handling of a musical string. The frequency of a musical string's vibrations depends on the length of the vibrating section, the string tension along the string's length, and its mass. The different cross-sectional shapes can directly influence the mass. This allows the mass to vary in a more predeterminable manner at different lengths of the musical string. This allows the vibration behavior of the musical string to be specifically influenced.
[0010] The outer surface of the musical string influences, among other things, the musician's direct handling of the musical string. Different outer surface shapes and structures are preferred by different musicians and also influence the playability of a musical string. Comparatively large outer surfaces that are essentially flat along the length of the musical string and have a certain surface roughness, for example, offer advantages when stimulated by a bow with rosin. The different cross-sectional shapes can be used to create a musical string with individual length sections, each designed for better plucking or improved bowing. The musical string can be designed according to the specifications or wishes of the musician.
[0011] Furthermore, the internal damping of a musical string has a significant influence on its vibration behavior. Since the first winding layer surrounds and is in contact with the supporting string core, the structure of the first winding layer directly influences the damping behavior of the musical string. By varying the cross-sectional shapes, a musical string can be created that deliberately exhibits different damping in different sections.
[0012] In addition to the advantageous possibility of creating a musical string that exhibits different properties at different lengths, and therefore at different plucked sections and thus at different tones, it is also possible to create a musical string with very homogeneous sound properties. This can be achieved, in particular, by a sequence of cross-sectional shapes that are closely adjacent and frequently change, thus forming a homogeneous structure. This makes it possible, above all, to create musical strings that exhibit very similar sound characteristics and very similar bowing properties at different plucked lengths, and therefore at different fundamental tones.
[0013] The invention further relates to a method for producing a musical string according to the preamble of patent claim 11.
[0014] The invention therefore further has the object of providing a method for producing a musical string of the type mentioned at the outset, with which the disadvantages mentioned can be avoided and which has a large number of possibilities for sound adjustment.
[0015] According to the invention, this is achieved by the features of patent claim 11.
[0016] This makes it possible to create a musical string which has the advantages already described above.
[0017] The subclaims relate to further advantageous embodiments of the invention.
[0018] The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which only preferred embodiments are shown by way of example. In the drawings:
[0019] Fig. 1 is a detailed view of an intermediate product - not yet completely manufactured - of a first preferred embodiment of a musical string with a first preferred embodiment of a first winding element in a partially sectioned and simplified representation;
[0020] Fig. 2 is a detailed view of a musical string produced from the intermediate product according to Fig. 1, the illustration being partially sectioned and simplified;
[0021] Fig. 3 shows a detailed view of a second embodiment of a musical string with a second preferred embodiment of a first winding element in a partially sectioned and simplified representation; Fig. 4 shows a detailed view of a third embodiment of a musical string with a third preferred embodiment of a first winding element in a partially sectioned and simplified representation;
[0022] Fig. 5 is a plan view of the first preferred embodiment of a first winding element;
[0023] Fig. 6 Representation of section A - A from Fig. 5;
[0024] Fig. 7 is a sectional view of a fourth preferred embodiment of a first winding element;
[0025] Fig. 8 is a sectional view of a fifth preferred embodiment of a first winding element;
[0026] Fig. 9 is a sectional view of a sixth preferred embodiment of a first winding element; and
[0027] Fig. 10 is a sectional view of a seventh preferred embodiment of a first winding element.
[0028] 2 to 4 each show parts or regions of a musical string 1, in particular for string and / or plucked instruments, comprising at least one supporting string core 2 and at least one first winding element 3, which first winding element 3 is wound around the string core 2 in the form of a helical line, wherein the first winding element 3 - along a predeterminable length section of the musical string 1 - has a first cross-sectional shape 5 at a first winding element location 4 and a second cross-sectional shape 7, different from the first cross-sectional shape 5, at a second winding element location 6.
[0029] The frequency of the vibrations of a musical string 1 depends on the length of the vibrating section, the string tension in the longitudinal direction of the musical string 1 and its mass coating. The mass coating can be directly influenced by the different cross-sectional shapes 5, 7. This can be specifically achieved so that the mass coating differs in a more predeterminable way in different length sections of the musical string 1. This can be specifically influenced the vibration behavior of the musical string 1. The outer surface of the musical string 1 influences, among other things, the musician's direct handling of the musical string 1. Different outer surface shapes and structures are preferred by different musicians and also influence the playability of a musical string 1.Relative to the local cross-section of the winding element 3, comparatively large outer surfaces, which are essentially flat along the length of the musical string 1 and have a certain surface roughness, in particular a roughness degree between N3 and N7, offer advantages when stimulated by a bow with rosin. The different cross-sectional shapes make it possible to create a musical string 1 with individual length sections, each designed for better tapping or improved bowing. The musical string 1 can be designed according to the specifications or wishes of the musician.
[0030] Furthermore, the internal damping of a musical string 1 has a significant influence on its vibration behavior. Since the first winding layer surrounds and is in contact with the supporting string core 2, the structure of the first winding layer has a direct influence on the damping behavior of the musical string 1. The different cross-sectional shapes 5, 7 allow the creation of a musical string that deliberately exhibits different damping in different sections.
[0031] In addition to the advantageous possibility of creating a musical string 1 that exhibits different properties across different length ranges, and thus at different plucked sections and thus at different tones, it is also possible to create a musical string 1 that exhibits very homogeneous sound properties. This can be achieved, in particular, by a sequence of cross-sectional shapes that are closely adjacent and frequently change, thus forming a homogeneous structure.
[0032] This makes it possible, above all, to create musical strings 1 that exhibit very similar sound characteristics and very similar bowing properties at different lengths, and therefore at different fundamental pitches. The embodiments and detailed views shown in Figures 1 to 10 are simplified representations. The proportions do not necessarily correspond to the intended actual proportions. For better understanding, individual parts may be shown in greatly enlarged views or with significantly exaggerated proportions.
[0033] A preferred area of application for such musical strings 1 are instruments of the violin family, hence the violin, the viola, the violoncello, and the bass or double bass. Other preferred instruments for using musical strings 1 according to the invention are the viola da gamba and the viola d'amore. Furthermore, they can also be advantageously used for guitars. Such musical strings 1 according to the invention can preferably be provided for all bowed and / or plucked string instruments in which the vibrating length of the musical string 1 is varied to generate sounds with different fundamental vibrations.
[0034] Musical strings 1 according to the invention are intended for generating tone-producing vibrations, wherein a specific type of musical string 1 is intended for use with a specific type of musical instrument, and further comprise a tuning pitch and a so-called tuning weight as features. The tuning pitch indicates the fundamental pitch with which a partial length of the musical string 1—within the total length of the musical string 1 between its end regions—of the length of the scale of the specific type of musical instrument vibrates when the musical string 1 is loaded with the tuning weight, thus tensioned, and has been excited to vibrate. In this technical field, the term "tuning weight" refers to the force with which the musical string 1 is to be tensioned. Another term for the tuning weight is string tension force.
[0035] Musical strings 1 according to the invention have a string core 2, which is intended and designed to absorb the force or tension to which the musical string 1 is exposed when strung on a musical instrument. The string core 2 is therefore load-bearing. The string core 2 comprises, in particular, a rope and / or a wire and / or is designed as a composite core. The string core 2 preferably comprises at least one plastic thread and / or a wire rope and / or a natural gut and / or an artificial gut and / or a plastic band and / or a plastic flat wire and / or a steel wire and / or a steel rope.
[0036] The musical string 1 in question preferably has a shape in the tensioned state which can be enclosed by a substantially circular-cylindrical envelope.
[0037] Musical strings 1 for fundamental tones with lower frequencies, preferably less than 700 Hz, in particular less than 500 Hz, generally have windings or at least a first winding layer in order to increase the mass per unit area of the musical string 1. The fundamental frequency at which a musical string 1 vibrates depends on the vibrating length or scale of the respective musical string 1, the force with which the respective musical string 1 is tensioned, and the mass per unit area of the musical string 1. Preferably, the musical string 1 has at least a first winding layer, which is formed by at least one first winding element 3, wherein the at least one first winding element 3 is wound helically at least indirectly around the string core 2. The first winding element 3 therefore does not necessarily have to be wound directly or immediately onto the string core 2, but merely has to have the same axis of rotation as the string core.Several winding elements can also be wound next to each other in the form of a multi-start helical line and together form the first winding layer.
[0038] Preferably, the musical string 1 has a further winding layer, which is either arranged between the first winding element 3 and the string core 2, or which further winding layer surrounds the first winding layer with the first winding element 3. This further winding layer can also be referred to as the central winding layer or the covering winding layer. The rotation axis of the string core
[0039] 2 is also the rotational axis of the first winding element 3 and the second winding element. The first winding element 3 is wound around the string core 2 even if another winding element is arranged between them.
[0040] The musical string 1 can also have further winding elements, which are arranged in the same winding layer as the first winding element 3. In this case, one or more further winding elements are arranged together with the first winding element
[0041] 3 in the form of a multi-start screw. As shown in Fig. 3 and 4, the musical string 1 preferably further comprises a damping means 27 which encloses the string core 2 and which is in mechanical contact with the next winding element, which in Fig. 4 is the first winding element 3. The damping means 27 or a damping means 27 can also be arranged between the first winding element 3 and a further winding element. The spaces or gaps between parts of the winding element 3 or between adjacent layers of the winding element 3 serve in particular as a reservoir for the damping means 27. The arrangement of the damping means 27 in the gaps between adjacent parts of the first winding element 3 is further shown in Fig. 3. In this embodiment, the gaps or spaces are essentially completely filled by the damping means 27.The damping means 27 also closes the outer gaps and, together with the outer regions of the first winding element 3, forms an outer surface. Preferably, a further winding layer or another sheathing, for example, with a polymer such as PTFE, is arranged on the outer surface thus formed.
[0042] The damping agent 27 is preferably a viscous or highly viscous fluid. A damping agent 27 is preferably provided for each configuration of the string core 2 and the first winding element 3.
[0043] According to a first preferred variant, the first winding element 3 and / or a further winding element comprises a metal selected from the group: aluminum, magnesium, iron, chromium, nickel, silicon, silver, gold, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, rhenium, palladium, osmium, copper, tungsten, tantalum, manganese, molybdenum, wherein each of the substances mentioned can be provided as a pure substance in the technical sense, but also as a component of an alloy.Musical strings 1 have proven to be particularly advantageous in which the at least one winding layer 3 is formed from at least one alloy selected from the group: steel, aluminum-magnesium alloys, aluminum-magnesium-manganese alloys, silver-copper alloys, silver-platinum alloys, silver-rhodium alloys, silver-palladium alloys, iron-chromium-nickel-silicon-aluminum alloys, beryllium alloy, phosphor bronze, iron-aluminum-chromium alloys, iron-chromium-aluminum alloys, aluminum-iron-chromium alloys, aluminum-silicon-chromium alloys. Steel is preferably steel comprising alloying components selected from the group: carbon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, manganese, tungsten, with particular preference being given to carbon steels (C content of 0.01% to 0.03%) and chromium-nickel steels (Cr content of 17% to 20%, Ni content of 8% to 10%).Furthermore, it can be provided that the at least one winding layer 3 has a surface coating, wherein a coating with at least one metal, in particular brass, tin, nickel, and / or a plastic, in particular a polymer, can be provided. Preferably, it can be provided that a predeterminable number of coatings are arranged one above the other.
[0044] According to a second preferred variant, the first winding element 3 comprises a plastic selected from the group: polymers and / or aramid and / or PEK and / or PAEK and / or PEEK and / or PBT and / or polyester and / or nylon and / or polyethylene and / or PET and / or PEET and / or PES and / or PE and / or PP and / or POM and / or PTFE and / or PVDF and / or PVDC and / or HPPE and / or PA and / or PVC.
[0045] The first winding element 3 has a cross-section. The geometric shape of this cross-section is the cross-sectional shape 5, 7. The term cross-sectional shape 5, 7 objectively only encompasses the shape itself and is independent of the size and / or surface area. Fig. 6 shows a sectional view of the first preferred embodiment of the first winding element 3. Fig. 6 shows two cross-sections, each of which has the cross-sectional shape of a circle 13. The two circles 13 have two different diameters and two different surface areas. Nevertheless, the two cross-sectional shapes are identical, namely circular. Both cross-sections have the shape of a circle 13.
[0046] The cross-sections are preferably viewed in one and the same direction, in particular relative to the rotational axis 28 of the musical string 1. In the embodiments according to Figs. 7 to 10, the first winding elements 3 are rotated in their longitudinal direction. This rotation preferably also changes the cross-sectional shape relative to one and the same reference axis. This does not apply to the embodiment according to Fig. 6, which are identical even in a twisted state.
[0047] The cross-sections with the different cross-sectional shapes 5, 7 each have a width 11, 12 and a height 8, 9. The height 8, 9 is determined perpendicular to the string core 2. The height 8, 9 is a characteristic of the cross-section and is the distance between an end of the first winding element 3 facing the string core 2 and an end of the first winding element 3 facing away from the string core 2, see, for example, Fig. 4.
[0048] It is provided that the first winding element 3—along a predeterminable length section of the musical string 1 or along the helical course of the first winding element 3—has a first cross-sectional shape 5 at a first winding element location 4 and a second cross-sectional shape 7 at a second winding element location 6. The second cross-sectional shape 7 differs from the first cross-sectional shape 5. The two cross sections therefore have different shapes.
[0049] 2, 3 and 4 each show different preferred embodiments, each having first winding elements 3 with different cross-sectional shapes 5, 7. The different cross-sectional shapes 5, 7 can be created during the manufacture of the musical string 1 by removing material from the first winding element 3 after it has been wound up. In particular, a machining process, preferably grinding and / or filing, is provided for this purpose. However, a chemical treatment can also be provided, which leads to a predeterminable material removal. Therefore, parts of the previously wound first winding element 3 are removed. Preferably, the different cross-sectional shapes are not created by pressing or pushing, i.e., work steps in which no parts of the winding element 3 are removed.The different cross-sectional shapes 5, 7 are features of the finished musical string 1, but not necessarily features of a semi-finished product or base material that is processed as the first winding element 3. As already explained, the first cross-sectional shape 5 or the first cross section with the first cross-sectional shape 5 has a first height 8, and the second cross-sectional shape 7 or the second cross section with the second cross-sectional shape 7 has a second height 9. Preferably, the second height 9 is substantially equal to the first height 8. This is the case in the two embodiments according to Figs. 2 and 3. In particular, it is provided that, in a region between the first and second winding element locations 4, 6, the further cross-sectional shapes also have substantially the same height 8, 9 as the first and second cross-sectional shapes 5, 7. The common height 8, 9 results in a uniform surface of the first winding element 3.This allows the advantages of the different cross-sectional shapes 5, 7 to be utilized, while the musical string 1 remains easy to handle and play. A substantially cylindrical surface facilitates the movement of the strings when picking different lengths of the musical string 1.
[0050] As shown in Fig. 4, a combination of cross-sectional shapes 5, 7 having edges, together with a damping means 27 that allows a certain amount of sinking, can result in the same or identical heights 8, 9 of the different cross-sectional shapes 5, 7 or of the cross sections with different cross-sectional shapes 5, 7 not necessarily resulting in a substantially cylindrical outer surface. The first winding element 3 sinks deeper into the damping means 27 if it has a pointed edge in the lower contact area than if it is flat in this area. This is shown in Fig. 4. It is therefore preferably further provided that an enveloping body 10 of the first winding element 3 is substantially cylindrical. An outer line of this preferably cylindrical, fictitious enveloping body 10 is shown in dashed lines in Fig. 4. Furthermore, Fig. 4 also shows a radius 26 of the enveloping body 10. As shown in Fig.As also shown in Fig. 4, the enveloping body 10 connects the outer ends of the individual parts of the first winding element 3, which were created by grinding the hexagonal first winding element 3. As also shown in Fig. 4, these ends have different lengths 29, 30, wherein a first length 29 and a second length 30 of such an end are shown, which is different from this. These outer ends are comparable to a chord of a cut circular surface. As explained above, the enveloping body 10 preferably has the shape of a cylinder. However, the enveloping body 10 can also have other shapes or profiles. The enveloping body 10 connects the outer edges or ends of the individual parts of the first winding element 3. Such a non-cylindrical profile is shown - for illustration - on the intermediate product of a musical string 1 in Fig. 1.Such an enveloping body 10 can also be created if, during the material removal process, the outer dimensions of the first winding element 3 are not completely aligned. Referring to Figs. 2 and 3, this would be the case if the first height 8 and the second height 9 were different.
[0051] In addition to the height 8, 9, each cross-section or cross-sectional shape 5, 7 has a width 11, 12. The width 11, 12 is to be understood in particular as the distance between the lateral outer end points of a cross-section, which distance runs parallel to the rotation axis 28 of the string core 2. Fig. 4 shows a first width 11 and a second width 12, with the second width 12 being shown as the distance between the two outer corners, parallel to the rotation axis 28. The different cross-sectional shapes 5, 7 or the cross-sections with the different cross-sectional shapes 5, 7 differ in most cases - regardless of the actual shapes of the cross-sections - by the different widths 11, 12.Preferably, the first cross-sectional shape 5 has a first width 11 and the second cross-sectional shape 7 has a second width 12, and the first width 11 is different from the second width 12. Therefore, the first winding element 3 has a different width at the first winding element location 4 than at the second winding element location 6. Figures 2 to 4 each show first winding elements 3 with different widths 11, 12.
[0052] A cross-section has a surface area. Different cross-sectional shapes, in particular, also have different surface areas. Therefore, the surface area of the first cross-sectional shape 5 is preferably different from the surface area of the second cross-sectional shape 7. Different surface areas also mean different masses per length section of the first winding element 3. The different surface areas can directly influence the mass coating of the musical string 1.
[0053] According to a first preferred embodiment of a musical string 1, as schematically illustrated in Fig. 2, it is preferably provided that the first cross-sectional shape 5 is substantially a circle 13 or circular, and that the second cross-sectional shape 7 is substantially a circular segment 14. Fig. 1 shows an intermediate state of the musical string 1 according to Fig. 2 during production. Fig. 1 therefore does not show a musical string 1 according to the present invention. The first winding element 3 is already wound helically around the string core 2. However, the first winding element 3 has not yet been ground or filed down and still only has a cross-sectional shape 5. Although the cross sections have different surface areas and different dimensions at the two winding element locations, they each have the same cross-sectional shape, namely circular.
[0054] After sanding, the second cross-sectional shape 7 has the shape of a so-called circular segment 14. The chord 15 of the circular segment-shaped second cross-sectional shape 7 is arranged on the side facing away from the string core 2. The length 16 of the chord 15 influences whether outer regions appear primarily as straight or flat or as rounded surfaces. It is preferably provided that the length 16 of the chord 15 is at least 10%, in particular at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, of the diameter 25 of the second cross-sectional shape 7 of the second width 12. As a result, parts of the first winding element 3 appear outwardly like a winding layer with a rectangular cross-section, while said winding element 3 has contact with the string core 2 like a rounded, in particular circular, winding element 3.
[0055] In the first preferred embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, the two different cross-sectional shapes 5, 7 alternate and are spaced relatively closely apart. This musical string 1 has a predeterminable plurality of first and second cross-sectional shapes 5, 7, each of which is very similar.
[0056] In contrast, the second preferred embodiment according to Fig. 3 shows a continuous increase in the dimensions of the first winding element 3. In the example shown, this embodiment has six different cross-sectional shapes 5, 7. This enables a smooth transition between regions with essentially identical cross-sectional shapes.
[0057] According to a further embodiment (not shown), it is preferably provided that the first winding element 3 has the second cross-sectional shape 7 over a predeterminable length section of the musical string 1. This length section of the musical string 1 therefore essentially has only one cross-sectional shape 7. This allows individual regions or length sections of the musical string 1 to be adapted to specific requirements. In a particularly preferred development of this feature, it is provided that the length section is a predefined excitation region for plucking and / or bowing the musical string 1. This length section can also be referred to as the bow bowing region. This allows the bowing region to be designed to interact particularly well with the rosin of the bow, while other length sections can be specifically adapted to the tapping process.
[0058] Figures 5 to 10 show different embodiments of winding elements before their processing in the manufacture of a musical string.
[0059] 5 and 6 show a first preferred embodiment of a first winding element 3. Fig. 5 shows a floor plan and Fig. 6 a section A - A through the winding element 3. This embodiment has alternating courses between first and second winding element locations 4, 6, wherein in each case the same cross-sectional shape 5 occurs, but with different diameters 24, 25. The illustrated first winding element 3 has a first surface area at the first winding element location 4 and a second surface area, different from the first surface area, at the second winding element location 6. As can be seen in particular from Fig. 6, the first winding element 3 has essentially circular cross sections 13 before winding. This first preferred embodiment has a first diameter 24 at the first winding element location 4 and a second diameter 25 at the second winding element location 6.The grinding process carried out after winding then creates different cross-sectional shapes 5, 7. Figs. 7 to 10 and 4 each show further preferred embodiments of a first winding element 3, which has one or the same first cross-sectional shape 5 at the first winding element location 4 and at the second winding element location 6, wherein the first cross-sectional shape 5 or the first cross section formed in this way at the second winding element location 6 is twisted relative to the first cross-sectional shape 5 at the first winding element location 4. Such a twist or such a twist is easy to produce. Furthermore, this can be carried out with very many different cross-sectional shapes and materials.
[0060] The fourth preferred embodiment of a first winding element according to Fig. 7 has a square 20 as its cross-sectional shape. Furthermore, quadrilaterals, pentagons, and, as shown in Fig. 4, hexagons 19 can preferably be provided. The corners can be rounded. The connecting lines have a substantially straight course.
[0061] The fifth preferred embodiment of a first winding element according to Fig. 8 has an ellipse 21 as its cross-sectional shape.
[0062] The sixth preferred embodiment of a first winding element according to Fig. 9 has a seven-pointed star 22 as its cross-sectional shape. Furthermore, star-shaped shapes with a higher or lower number of corners can also be provided. The corners can be rounded.
[0063] Although the connecting lines between two external corners in the sixth preferred embodiment have a concave, therefore inwardly directed course, it is preferably provided that the cross-sectional shapes 5, 7 do not have concave connecting lines between two external corners.
[0064] The seventh preferred embodiment of a first winding element 3 according to Fig. 10 has a Reuleaux triangle 23 or a polygon profile as its cross-sectional shape. Furthermore, arcuate polygons with four or more corners can also be provided. The corners can be rounded. Arcuate polygons with rounded corners are also referred to as polygon profiles. In addition to the preferred embodiments for forming a semi-finished product for forming the first winding element 3, which each have the same cross-sectional shape and only acquire the different first and second cross-sectional shapes 5, 7 through the grinding process, it is further preferably provided that the first winding element 3 has a first cross-sectional shape 5 at the first winding element location 4 and a second cross-sectional shape 7, different from the first cross-sectional shape 5, at the second winding element location
[0065] 6 is used for winding around the string core 2. Although in this embodiment different cross-sectional shapes 5,
[0066] 7, it may still be provided to grind them down after wrapping the string core 2. According to a further preferred embodiment, however, it is provided that material removal or grinding of the first winding element 3 is omitted. The first winding element 3 is therefore preferably free of grinding.
[0067] The following are principles for understanding and interpreting the disclosure in question.
[0068] Characteristics are usually introduced with an indefinite article, "ein, eine, eines, einer." Therefore, unless the context indicates otherwise, "ein, eine, eines, einer" is not to be understood as a number.
[0069] A "substantially" in connection with a numerical value includes a tolerance of ± 10% around the stated numerical value, unless the context requires otherwise.
[0070] For ranges of values, the endpoints are included unless the context indicates otherwise.
Claims
PATENT CLAIMS 1. Musical string (1), in particular for stringed and / or plucked instruments, comprising at least one supporting string core (2) and at least one first winding element (3), which first winding element (3) is wound around the string core (2) in the form of a helical line, characterized in that the first winding element (3) - along a predeterminable length section of the musical string (1) - has a first cross-sectional shape (5) at a first winding element location (4) and a second cross-sectional shape (7) different from the first cross-sectional shape (5) at a second winding element location (6).
2. Musical string (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-sectional shapes (5, 7) have a height (8, 9) normal to the string core (2), that the first cross-sectional shape (5) has a first height (8), that the second cross-sectional shape (7) has a second height (9), and that the second height (9) is substantially equal to the first height (8).
3. Musical string (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that in a region between the first and the second winding element location (4, 6) the cross-sectional shapes (5, 7) have substantially the same height (8, 9) as the first and the second cross-sectional shape (5, 7).
4. Musical string (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a covering body (10) of the first winding element (3) is substantially cylindrical.
5. Musical string (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first cross-sectional shape (5) has a first width (11) and the second cross-sectional shape (7) has a second width (12), and that the first width (11) is different from the second width (12).
6. Musical string (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the surface area of the first cross-sectional shape (5) different from the area of the second cross-sectional shape (7).
7. Musical string (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the first cross-sectional shape (5) is substantially a circle (13) and that the second cross-sectional shape (7) is substantially a circular segment (14).
8. Musical string (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the tendon (15) of the second cross-sectional shape (7) is arranged on the side facing away from the string core (2), and that the length (16) of the tendon (15) is at least 10%, in particular at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, of the diameter (25) of the second cross-sectional shape (7).
9. Musical string (1) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the first winding element (3) has the second cross-sectional shape (7) over a predeterminable length section of the musical string (1).
10. Musical string (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the length section is a predetermined excitation area for plucking and / or stroking the musical string (1).
11. A method for producing a musical string (1), in particular a musical string according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein on a string core (2) of the musical string (1) at least one first winding element (3), which - viewed along its helical course - has two spaced-apart different cross-sections, is wound in the form of a helical line around the string core (2), wherein the musical string (1) is subsequently ground to a predeterminable diameter (26) of the musical string (1).
12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the first winding element (3) with a first surface area at the first winding element location (4) and a second surface area different from the first surface area at the second winding element location (6) is used for winding around the string core (2).
13. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the first Winding element (3) has substantially circular cross-sections before winding.
14. Method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the first winding element (3) with a first cross-sectional shape (5) at the first winding element location (4) and a second cross-sectional shape (7) different from the first cross-sectional shape (5) at the second winding element location (6) is used for winding around the string core (2).
15. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the first winding element (3) with a first cross-sectional shape (5) at the first winding element location (4) and at the second winding element location (6), wherein the first cross-sectional shape (5) at the second winding element location (6) is rotated relative to the first cross-sectional shape (5) at the first winding element location (4), is used for winding around the string core (2).