Connection device for photovoltaic modules, photovoltaic system and photovoltaic module
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LAPP ENG
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-08
Smart Images
Figure EP2024072744_06032025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001]Connecting device for photovoltaic modules, photovoltaic system, and photovoltaic module. The invention relates to a connecting device for connecting photovoltaic modules, a photovoltaic system with at least two photovoltaic modules that are connected to one another by means of such a connecting device, and a photovoltaic module for such a photovoltaic system, which is intended at least for the output of electrical energy. Photovoltaic modules can be in the form of panels, roof tiles, roof tiles, or roof shingles, for example, and can be mounted on a roof or wall, for example, by means of an installation structure. Typically, a batten, possibly a roof batten, is provided, on which the photovoltaic modules are installed. The installation of a photovoltaic system with photovoltaic modules, possibly photovoltaic modules that are additionally equipped with a solar thermal module,This is known, for example, from WO2020229686A2. It describes that the installation of photovoltaic modules in the form of roof tiles is complex and difficult. To simplify installation work, the photovoltaic modules are provided with openings into which the installer can reach in order to create electrical connections between two photovoltaic modules. This photovoltaic system therefore requires appropriately designed photovoltaic modules and still requires considerable installation effort, as the installer must reach into the photovoltaic module to create electrical connections. WO2007136569A2 discloses a connecting device for photovoltaic modules with female plug parts that have circularly arranged elastic contact tongues. Contact tongues of this type, which can break or bend,give the connectors relatively low resilience and simultaneously represent a weak point. US20190386609A1 discloses a connecting device for photovoltaic modules with connector parts that comprise ring-shaped elements with a contact element, which are held in place by four locking tongues molded onto a plastic housing. The locking tongues are arranged along a circle and directed towards each other, and are displaced radially outwards upon insertion of the ring-shaped element until they can engage with the ring-shaped element. Male and female connector parts held by the locking tongues must therefore be precisely guided towards each other so that an electrical connection can be established. US20120151856A1 discloses roof tiles with integrated photovoltaic modules. The roof tiles are designed in such a way that parts of adjacent roof tiles,which are provided with male or female plug parts of electrical connecting devices, overlap after positioning the roof tiles and engage with each other in such a form-fitting manner that the male and female parts of an electrical connecting device are positively guided into each other. To ensure the connectability of the plug parts, a precisely complementary design of the roof tiles is therefore required. US20080302030A1 discloses a photovoltaic system with photovoltaic modules in the form of roof tiles with an electrical connecting device that allows such roof tiles or rows of roof tiles to be installed more easily. For this purpose, during the process of installing the roof tiles, an electrical contact of a first roof tile is connected to an arcuate second contact of a second roof tile. The arcuate second contact, which has a receiving opening into which the first contact can engage,is transformed from a convex shape into a concave shape during the connection process. However, this connection device has several disadvantages. On the one hand, if the roof tiles are not precisely aligned, it cannot be guaranteed that the connection process will proceed correctly and that an optimal electrical connection will be created. Furthermore, in such installations, depending on the current temperature, climate, and / or material aging, expansion usually occurs. This expansion affects the connection device and shifts the electrical contacts against each other, which can lead to contact problems. Furthermore, the electrical contacts are hardly protected against external influences, so that their function is impaired by weather conditions or dirt. In addition, the current-carrying contacts are easily accessible, which also poses safety risks. The present invention is therefore based on the object ofTo create an improved connecting device for connecting photovoltaic modules, a photovoltaic system with at least two photovoltaic modules connected to one another by means of such a connecting device, and a photovoltaic module for such a photovoltaic system, which is intended at least for the output of electrical energy. Photovoltaic modules should be able to be designed in any desired manner and, for example, may have the shape of a plate, a roof tile, a roof tile, or a roof tile. Photovoltaic modules should also be able to comprise several such units, for example, roof tiles.so that installation can be carried out even faster and more cost-effectively. In the preferred embodiment as roof tiles, the photovoltaic modules should be advantageously connected to roof battens. Photovoltaic modules should be able to optionally fulfill other functions in addition to generating electrical energy, for example, they should also be provided for generating thermal energy. Photovoltaic systems according to the invention should be simple in design and allow for quick and reliable installation with minimal effort. The installation of individual photovoltaic modules should be easy,so that the installation of photovoltaic modules can be carried out quickly and easily, even in exposed locations within a building. During the mechanical connection of the photovoltaic modules and the connecting device components, reliable electrical connections of the connecting cables should be created automatically and safely. High-quality and stable connections should be achieved. The connection of the connecting contacts should be possible quickly and precisely without visual monitoring. Complex work on the back of the photovoltaic modules when connecting the photovoltaic modules should be avoided. The required secure electrical connection should be independent of external influences, such as material expansion due to thermal effects or material aging, for example, aging of the roof battens, and independent of moisture.Moisture or contamination are permanently retained. The connecting device should preferably have a strain relief so that undesirable mechanical effects on the connecting contacts can be avoided. The connecting device should be reliably protected against unauthorized interventions so that unauthorized access to the possibly live connecting contacts is prevented and corresponding work can only be carried out with suitable tools. This object is achieved with a connecting device according to claim 1, a photovoltaic system with at least one such connecting device according to claim 14, and a photovoltaic module for such a photovoltaic system according to claim 15. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in further claims. The connecting device,which is intended for connecting a first and a second photovoltaic module of a photovoltaic system, comprises a first connecting device part and a second connecting device part with an electrical connector, which has a first connector part provided for the first photovoltaic module and a first connecting contact, and a second connector part provided for the second photovoltaic module and a second connecting contact. According to the invention, a bearing housing is provided for receiving the electrical connector, comprising a first bearing housing part, which has a first bearing opening provided for receiving the first connector part, and a second bearing housing part,which has a second bearing opening provided for receiving the second connector part; - that at least the first or the second connector part is displaceably and preferably elastically held in the associated first or second bearing housing part; - that the first connector part comprises a first connector housing part in which the first connection contact is held and which has at least one first connection element; - that the second connector part comprises a second connector housing part in which the second connection contact is held and which has at least one second connection element; and - that the first connecting device part, which comprises the first bearing housing part and the first connector part, and the second connecting device part, which comprises the second bearing housing part and the second connector part, are connectable to one another,wherein, by means of the first and second connecting elements, at least one positive connection results between the first connector part and the second connector part. The photovoltaic system according to the invention comprises at least two overlapping photovoltaic modules, which are connected to one another in the region of the overlap by means of a connecting device according to the invention. After the connecting device has been joined, the first and second connector parts are connected to one another in a positive and preferably manually irremovable manner. The bearing housing parts, on the other hand, are preferably held by the gravity of the separated photovoltaic modules and can continue to be axially and / or radially displaceable relative to one another by the application of force in order to compensate for material expansion. Photovoltaic modules according to the invention, which are intended for this photovoltaic system, comprise a module body,which comprises or holds at least one photovoltaic element, a first connecting device part of the connecting device, which is arranged on a first side of the module body and is preferably connected to the module body in a form-fitting manner and / or by a snap-in connection, a second connecting device part of the connecting device, which is arranged on a second side of the module body, preferably opposite the first side, and is preferably connected to the module body in a form-fitting manner and / or by a snap-in connection, wherein the first and second connecting device parts are aligned in opposite directions and can each be connected to a second or first connecting device part of an adjacent photovoltaic module in order to each realize a composite connecting device. The first and second connecting device parts preferably project beyond the module body on the same side,preferably on one long side. The module body preferably has the shape of a plate, a roof tile, a roof tile, or a roof tile. Furthermore, as is usual with roof tiles, the module body is preferably provided with at least one first body element that can engage positively with the second body element of an adjacent module body. The photovoltaic modules can therefore be easily joined together sequentially at regular intervals and at the same height. Photovoltaic modules according to the invention can be mounted at any location on a building or structure, on a roof or on a wall or boundary structure, for example, along a highway, with minimal effort and, if necessary, secured with mounting elements. Photovoltaic modules according to the invention are preferably mounted on roof battens. The advantageous design of the photovoltaic modules and the connecting devices allowsPhotovoltaic modules are placed sequentially and overlapping one another, for example in rows, on a roof batten, wherein when a first photovoltaic module is placed overlappingly on a second photovoltaic module, a first connecting device part is automatically connected to a corresponding second connecting device part, and a composite connecting device is created. The electrical connector, which is held in the bearing housing, comprises the first connector part, which is designed as a plug or socket, and the second connector part, which is correspondingly designed as a socket or plug. The connecting contacts are preferably mutually corresponding contacts of a plug connector, so that the connecting device parts, in preferred embodiments, can also be designed as plug connector parts, such as plugs and sockets.The connector housing parts of the electrical connector can be positively connected to one another by means of at least one first connecting element and at least one second connecting element. For example, several first connecting elements are designed as elastic locking tongues and the second connecting element as a preferably circular locking collar, or vice versa. The elastic locking tongues can be guided over the locking collar and engage therewith. Preferably, the connection between the first and second connecting elements can only be released again using a tool, so that the connector housing parts cannot be separated from one another without authorization and no access to the live electrical connection contacts is possible. The bearing housing parts are preferably pot-shaped or shell-shaped.so that they can accommodate the connector parts in the bearing openings. The connector housing parts are preferably also pot-shaped or bowl-shaped. The bearing housing parts and / or the connector housing parts preferably have at least partially cylindrical wall elements, to which a preferably flat or curved base is connected on one side. A bearing housing inner wall laterally delimits a respective bearing opening. In preferred embodiments, it is provided that the connector housing parts can be tightly connected to one another in order to meet a required protection class, such as IP65. The connector housing parts preferably have mutually corresponding first and second wall elements, which are preferably stepped relative to one another.and which fit tightly against one another or which enclose a sealing ring. After the connector housing parts are connected, the connector housing is therefore tightly sealed, so that the connecting contacts are protected from external influences. Through-holes or wall openings that lead into the connector housing and are intended for the passage of an electrical cable are preferably sealed by means of a cable gland, so that the required protection class is maintained. The cable glands can also advantageously provide the required strain relief. The cable glands can be provided product-specifically or implemented using commercially available solutions. To accommodate the cable glands, the first and second bearing housing parts are preferably each provided with a connection channel. The first and second bearing housing parts and / or the first and second connector parts,Preferably, the first and second connector housing parts are preferably self-centering when connected to one another. If the connecting device parts are guided with an axial mutual displacement relative to one another, a mutual coaxial alignment of the first and second bearing housing parts and / or the first and second connector housing parts occurs automatically, so that the connection of the connecting device parts is always reliable during installation of the photovoltaic modules. The first and second bearing housing parts are preferably provided with mutually corresponding guide elements, by means of which the first and second bearing housing parts can be guided into a mutual coaxial alignment and maintained in coaxial alignment. The mutually corresponding guide elements are preferably dimensioned such that the two bearing parts are aligned not only axially relative to one another, but also perpendicularly thereto.are radially displaceable against each other in order to compensate for material expansion. Preferably, one bearing housing part has at least one guide channel and the other bearing housing part has at least one corresponding one-piece or multi-piece guide pin, which is preferably rounded, pointed or conical on the front. When the two bearing housing parts are guided against each other, the guide pins of one bearing housing part can therefore enter the corresponding guide channels of the other bearing housing part even if the two bearing housing parts are not exactly coaxially aligned and can transfer the two bearing housing parts into a coaxial alignment upon further mutual displacement. In a preferred embodiment, the cross section of the guide pins is smaller than the cross section of the guide channels, so that a play remains which allowsTo compensate for material expansion. In a further preferred embodiment, the multi-part guide pin comprises at least one elastic element, for example a compressible elastic hollow cylinder segment, for example made of rubber or foam, which is enclosed by a sleeve made of metal or plastic. The sleeve can therefore be displaced radially in any direction to compensate for material expansion. In a further preferred embodiment, the multi-part guide pin comprises several elastic rod elements that are connected on one side to the first or second bearing housing part and, if appropriate, held within a recess. In a further preferred embodiment, wing-shaped spring elements are provided that are centrally mounted and have wings directed outwards, preferably inclined to a radius of the guide pin. In the rest position, the wings define the circumference of the guide pin with their outer sides.can, however, be pivoted under the application of force. The elastically connected bearing housing parts can therefore absorb material expansion. If the two bearing housing parts shift relative to each other, the slidably mounted first or second connector part can also shift within the bearing opening of the corresponding bearing housing part, so that the acting forces are compensated accordingly. When connecting two photovoltaic modules, a coaxial alignment of the two connecting device parts is achieved by the two bearing housing parts. During this process, the connector parts are also aligned coaxially or almost coaxially with each other.so that only minor axial deviations of the connector parts need to be compensated. This is made possible by the displaceable mounting of at least one of the connector parts. Due to the displaceable or self-centering mounting of at least the first or second connector part in the associated first or second bearing housing part and due to the preferably elastic connection of the two bearing housing parts, the connection of the first and second connecting device parts is particularly advantageous. The first or second connector part is preferably arranged in the associated first or second bearing housing part in a plane perpendicular to the device axis, preferably in a range of 1 mm - 5 mm, more preferably in a range of 1.5 mm - 2 mm, and parallel to the device axis in a range of 1 mm - 10 mm.more preferably displaceable within a range of 3 mm – 6 mm. The two bearing housing parts are displaceable relative to one another by means of the correspondingly designed guide elements, preferably within a range of 1 mm – 5 mm, more preferably within a range of 1.5 mm – 2 mm. The displaceable mounting of the bearing housing parts and the respective connector part also compensates for mechanical displacements that occur within the photovoltaic system, for example, due to thermal effects and / or other material changes. The displaceable mounting is realized by providing at least one elastic bearing element between the inner wall of the bearing housing part, which delimits the bearing opening, and the associated connector part, which is intended to return the connector part to a central position.if no opposing forces are present. The elastic bearing element can, for example, be an elastic ring or an elastic hollow cylinder that encloses the connector part. In a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the first or second bearing housing part, which slidably holds the associated connector part, has a plurality of preferably tongue-shaped bearing springs that are inclined or directed toward the associated connector part within the respective bearing opening. Alternatively, the slidably mounted first or second connector part can have a plurality of preferably tongue-shaped bearing springs that are inclined or directed outward toward the second bearing housing part. After inserting the associated connector part, it is therefore elastically held by the bearing springs, which are preferably evenly distributed over the circumference of the associated bearing housing part.so that it is displaceable in the said area in the plane perpendicular to the device axis. Preferably, the bearing springs are inclined downwards into the bearing opening of the associated bearing housing part and / or provided with correspondingly inclined surfaces, whereby the bearing springs can be bent or displaced when the associated connector part is inserted into the bearing housing part. It is further preferred that the first or second connector housing part has a preferably conically shaped coupling collar on its underside, which is intended to displace the bearing springs and which, after passing the bearing springs, serves as a stop against which the bearing springs strike when the connector part, which is held displaceably in the associated bearing housing part, is pulled outwards. By appropriately dimensioning the coupling collar, the area can be determined,in that the displaceably held connector part is displaceable in the said area parallel to the device axis. In further preferred embodiments, it is provided that the first and second connector housing parts have mutually corresponding first and second centering elements. For example, the first connector housing part comprises one or more centering tongues, and the second connector housing part comprises a corresponding centering collar. The centering elements preferably have conically inclined or funnel-shaped centering surfaces or centering segments, which ensure that the connector housing parts can be securely connected to one another even in the event of mutual axial displacement. It is preferably provided that the connecting elements and the centering elements are dimensioned such thatthat upon mutual displacement of the connector housing parts, the centering elements come into mutual contact before the connecting elements, and centering can thus take place before connection or locking. In further preferred embodiments, it is provided that the first connector housing part has at least one first fixing element, by means of which the first connecting contact is held coaxially aligned with the device axis, and / or that the second connector housing part has at least one second fixing element, by means of which the second connecting contact is held coaxially aligned with the device axis. In preferred embodiments, it is provided that the first connecting contact is angularly formed and is held by means of the at least one first fixing element with an angular part in a form-fitting manner and aligned coaxially with the device axis. In further preferred embodiments, it is provided,that the second connecting contact is plate-shaped and elastic and is held coaxially aligned with the device axis by means of a plurality of second fixing elements, which are designed as retaining tongues, and is preferably centrally supported by a retaining spring. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. Therein: Fig. 1a shows two photovoltaic modules 10A, 10B according to the invention, each having a module body 9 with at least one photovoltaic element, which can be connected to one another by means of a connecting device 1 according to the invention, which comprises a first connecting device part 11 connected to the lower photovoltaic module 10A and a second connecting device part 12 connected to the upper photovoltaic module 10B; Fig. 1b shows the two interconnected photovoltaic modules 10A, 10B of Fig. 1a, which form a photovoltaic system 100, with the joined connecting device 1,which has a bearing housing 2 with a first and a second bearing housing part 21, 22 and an electrical connector 3 arranged in the bearing housing 2 with a first and a second connector part 31, 32; Fig. 2 shows one of the photovoltaic modules from Fig. 1a with a shortened module body 9; Fig. 3a shows a connecting device 1 according to the invention in a preferred embodiment with electrical connection lines 411, 421 that are led through the bearing housing 2 to the electrical connector 3; Fig. 3b shows the connecting device 1 from Fig. 3a from the rear with cable bushings 41, 42 through which the electrical connection lines 411, 421 are led to the electrical connector 3; Fig. 4a shows the connecting device 1 of Fig. 3a from above with the lower first connecting device part 11, which comprises the first bearing housing part 21 of the bearing housing 2 and therein the first connector part 31 of the electrical connector 3, and, separated therefrom,with the upper second connecting device part 12, which comprises the second bearing housing part 22 of the bearing housing 2 and therein the second connector part 32 of the electrical connector 3; Fig. 4b shows the first bearing housing part 21 of Fig. 4a in isolation, which has a plurality of bearing springs 211 that project into a first bearing opening 210 and by means of which the first connector part 31 of the electrical connector 3 in Fig. 4a is slidably held and which is provided with two guide channels 215 into which guide pins 225 provided on the second bearing housing part 22 can be inserted in order to align the two bearing housing parts 21, 22 coaxially with one another; Fig. 5a shows the connecting device 1 of Fig. 4a from below, looking at the second connector part 32 of the electrical connector 3, which is held in the second bearing housing part 22; Fig. 5b the second bearing housing part 22 of Fig. 5a isolated with two preferably elastic or elastically held guide pins 225,which can be inserted into the guide channels 215 of the first bearing housing part 21; Fig. 5c shows the second bearing housing part 22 of Fig. 5b, individually, with multi-part guide pins 225, each having a plurality of elastic guide rods 2252; Fig. 6 shows the assembled connecting device 1 of Fig. 3a with the bearing housing 2 and the electrical connector 3 in a quarter section; Fig. 7 shows the electrical connector 3 of Fig. 6 without the bearing housing 2; Fig. 8a shows the electrical connector 3 of Fig. 7 during the joining of the first and second connector parts 31, 32 in a position in which the second connector housing part 322 of the second connector part 32 is aligned coaxially with the first connector housing part 312 of the first connector part 31; Fig. 8b shows the electrical connector 3 of Fig. 8a after the positive locking of the two connector housing parts 312,322; Fig. 9 shows the first connecting device part 11 of Fig. 7 from above with the first bearing housing part 21 and the first connector part 31; Fig. 10a shows the first bearing housing part 21 of Fig. 9 in section along the line A--A of Fig. 9 and the first connector part 31 which is inserted from above into the first bearing housing part 21; and Fig. 10b shows the first bearing housing part 21 of Fig. 10a and the first connector part 31 inserted therein. Fig. 1a shows two photovoltaic modules 10A, 10B according to the invention, each having a module body 9 with at least one photovoltaic element and which are connected to one another by means of a connecting device 1 according to the invention, which has a first connecting device part 11 connected to the lower photovoltaic module 10A and a second connecting device part 12 connected to the upper photovoltaic module 10B. The module body 9 of the photovoltaic modules 10A,In this embodiment, 10B has the shape of a row of roof tiles. The module body 9 can be made of various materials, for example, clay, ceramic, or light metal. The photovoltaic elements 95 can be placed on the module body 9 or integrated into it. For example, the module body 9 is made of clay and equipped with plate-shaped photovoltaic elements 95, which are placed on the module body 9 or inserted into guide tracks. The number of roof tiles integrated into a module body 9 can be arbitrarily selected, taking into account the weight, handling, storability, and suitability for installing the photovoltaic modules. The photovoltaic modules 10A, 10B overlap each other at the mutually facing ends, so that the mutually facing connecting device parts 11,12 are coaxially aligned with one another along a device axis x and can be slid into one another in their function as a plug and socket to create the electrical connection between the photovoltaic modules 10A, 10B. The mutually facing end pieces of the module bodies 9 preferably engage one another in a form-fitting manner. In the embodiments of the invention shown below, the first connecting device part 11 fulfills the function of the plug and the second connecting device part 12 fulfills the function of the socket. However, the functions are interchangeable. Fig. 1b shows the two interconnected photovoltaic modules 10A, 10B from Fig. 1a, which form a photovoltaic system 100 when placed on a roof batten 99. The joined connecting device parts 11, 12 now form the connecting device 1, which has a bearing housing 2 with a first and a second bearing housing part 21,22 and an electrical connector 3 arranged in the bearing housing 2 with a first and a second connector part 31, 32, which electrically connects the two photovoltaic modules 10A, 10B to one another. The overlapping module bodies 9 now form a uniform row of eight roof tiles, which cannot be distinguished from conventional roof tiles from a distance. Photovoltaic modules 10A, 10B with a roof tile structure therefore form a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention. In the same way, however, plate-shaped photovoltaic modules can also be connected to one another using connecting devices 1 according to the invention. Figures 1a and 1b show that the photovoltaic modules 10A, 10B are each provided with a further connecting device part 12 or 11 at the ends opposite the connecting device parts 11, 12 joined together to form a connecting device 1, such that each of the photovoltaic modules 10A,10B has a first connecting device part 11 and a second connecting device part 12, which are oriented in opposite directions, preferably perpendicular to the plane of the associated module body 9. Fig. 1b shows that the connecting device parts 11, 12 of the photovoltaic modules 10A, 10B joined together in a row project beyond the module bodies 9 on the front side facing the viewer. As soon as joined photovoltaic modules 10A, 10B cover the entire length of the roof, a next row can be created, the rear side of which overlaps the front side of the previously created row of tiles and covers the interconnected connecting device parts 11, 12. Fig. 2 shows one of the photovoltaic modules 10 from Fig. 1a with a shortened module body 9. The dot-dash line symbolizes that the module bodies 9 can be cut, extended, or shortened as desired.to provide photovoltaic modules 10 of the desired size. A photovoltaic element 95 in the form of a rectangular plate is shown in a hatched representation. It is shown that the module bodies 9 have receiving molds 91, 92 into which the connecting device parts 11, 12 or their bearing housing parts 21, 22 can be inserted. Preferably, the receiving molds 91, 92 and the bearing housing parts 21, 22 are designed to be complementary to one another, so that they are, for example, positively adapted to one another and / or can preferably be snapped into one another. However, the connecting device parts 11, 12 can be connected to the module body 9 in any other way, for example by additional mounting means or can be fixed to the module body 9. Also shown are end parts 93, 94 provided laterally on the module body 9, which have corresponding end parts 94,93 of adjacent module bodies 9 overlap and can engage therein in a form-fitting manner. Fig. 3a shows a connecting device 1 according to the invention with joined connecting device parts 11, 12 in a preferred embodiment with electrical connecting lines 411, 421, which are guided through the bearing housing 2 to an electrical connector 3. The electrical connector 3, which comprises a first and a second connector part 31, 32, is covered by the joined bearing housing parts 21, 22 of the bearing housing 2. As described below, the first connector part 31 is slidably mounted in the first bearing housing part 21. The second connector part 32 is preferably fixedly mounted in the second bearing housing part 22. A mounting screw, for example, can be inserted through a mounting opening 2200 in the second bearing housing part 22.by means of which the second connector part 32 or the second connector housing part 322 can be fixed (see Fig. 6). The connecting lines 411, 421 are led out of the connecting device 1 and connected to the photovoltaic elements 95 of the photovoltaic modules 10A, 10B (see Fig. 2). Also shown is the mounting part 229 of the second bearing housing part 22, which can be connected to the associated module body 9, preferably in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner. Fig. 3b shows the connecting device 1 of Fig. 3a from the rear side with cable bushings 41, 42, through which the electrical connecting lines 411, 421 are led to the electrical connector 3. Product-specific or conventional cable bushings can be used, as described, for example, in EP1710886B1.EP2479857B1 or EP2688169A1. This perspective also shows the first mounting part 219 of the first bearing housing part 21 and the second mounting part 229 of the second bearing housing part 22, which form square tubes that can engage in a corresponding receiving shape 91, 92 of the associated module body 9 and / or into which a corresponding receiving shape 91, 92 of the associated module body 9 can engage. If the receiving shapes 91, 92 form cuboid elements with an outer cross-section that corresponds to the inner cross-section of the mounting parts 219, 229, the cuboid receiving shapes 91, 92 can be pushed into the mounting parts 219, 229. The connecting device parts 11, 12 can therefore be easily plugged onto the module body 9. Fig. 4a shows the connecting device 1 of Fig. 3a from above with the lower first connecting device part 11,which comprises the first bearing housing part 21 of the bearing housing 2 and therein the first connector part 31 of the electrical connector 3, and, separately therefrom, with the upper second connecting device part 12, which comprises the second bearing housing part 22 of the bearing housing 2 and therein the second connector part 32 of the electrical connector 3. The first connector part 31 is inserted into a bearing opening 210 of the first bearing housing part 21 and is displaceably and elastically mounted therein by means of several elastic bearing elements 211. The bearing elements 211 are designed as bearing springs that are molded onto the bearing housing inner wall 218, which encloses the bearing opening 210, and can be elastically deformed.until they rest against the bearing housing inner wall 218. Alternatively, the bearing springs 211 can also be molded onto the connector housing part 312 and inclined toward the bearing housing inner wall 218. The first connector part 31 comprises a first connector housing part 312 and, therein, a first connecting contact 311 designed as a plug contact or pin. The first connecting contact 311 is connected to the first connecting line 411, which is tightly guided through a through-opening 31220 in the first connector housing part 312 or through a cylindrical wall 3122 of the first connector housing part 312 into the latter. With regard to the tightly sealed through-opening 31220, the connecting contacts 311, 321 of the electrical connector 3 are protected against external influences. The provided cable gland 41 also serves to fix the associated first connecting cable 411 and thus as a strain relief, which preventsthat tensile forces can act on the first connection contact 311 via the first connecting line 411. Furthermore, it is shown that the first bearing housing part 21 is provided with two guide channels 215, into which guide pins 225 provided on the second bearing housing part 22 can engage in order to align the two bearing housing parts 21, 22 coaxially with one another and to hold them in this alignment, preferably with some play. Fig. 4a further shows that the cylindrical wall 3122 of the first connector housing part 312, which delimits a first contact chamber 3120, is surrounded by three shorter, tongue-shaped first connecting elements 3121 and three longer, tongue-shaped first centering elements 3123, which are arranged alternately in a circumference. It is described below that the centering elements 3123 serve to align the connector parts 31, 32 coaxially with each other, while the connecting elements 3121 serve to connect the connector parts 31,32 are to be connected to one another in a form-fitting manner and preferably in such a way that they can only be separated from one another using a tool. Fig. 4b shows the first bearing housing part 21 of Fig. 4a in isolation, which has a plurality of bearing springs 211 that protrude into a first bearing opening 210 and by means of which the first connector part 31 of the electrical connector 3 in Fig. 4a is slidably held. The five bearing springs 211 are tongue-shaped and are oriented counterclockwise and preferably downwards or are provided with inclined surfaces on the upper side so that they can be displaced radially outwards when the first connector part 31 is inserted. The bearing springs 211 and the first connector housing part 312 are dimensioned such thatthat the first connector housing part 312 inserted into the first bearing housing part 21 is held under tension, preferably in the center or coaxially to the device axis x. Under the action of force, the first connector part 31 can therefore be displaced radially outward. Preferably, a radial displacement in a range of 1 mm - 5 mm, more preferably in a range of 1.5 mm - 2 mm is possible. Fig. 5a shows the connecting device 1 of Fig. 4a from below, looking at the second connector part 32 of the electrical connector 3, which is held in the second bearing opening 220 of the second bearing housing part 22. The second connector part 32 comprises a second connector housing part 322 with a second cylindrical wall element 3222,which encloses a second contact chamber 3220 and has a wall opening or through-opening 32220. The second connecting line 421 is guided through the wall opening 32220 by means of the second cable feedthrough 42 to the second connecting contact 321 in the second contact chamber 3220. In this preferred embodiment, the second connecting contact 321 is a circular plate that is held firmly or elastically by several tongue-shaped or clamp-shaped fixing elements 32241 coaxially to the device axis x. The plate-shaped connecting contact 321 can therefore be inserted from below into the second contact chamber 3220 and locked to the fixing elements 32241. The second wall element 3222 is enclosed at the front by a sealing ring 8.which ensures a tight connection between the first wall element 3122 of the first connector housing part 312 and the second wall element 3222 of the second connector housing part 322 (see also Fig. 6). Furthermore, the second guide elements or guide pins 225 of the second bearing housing part 22 are shown, which have conically shaped front pieces 2251 that enter the guide channels 215 even when not coaxially aligned (see Fig. 4b) and can align the two bearing housing parts 21, 22 practically automatically coaxially with each other. Fig. 5b shows the second bearing housing part 22 in isolation, looking into the bearing opening 220. The preferably elastic or elastically mounted bearing pins 225 can be formed in one or more parts and are preferably at least partially connected in one piece with the second bearing housing part 22.so that they can be manufactured advantageously. For example, the bearing pins 225 comprise a hollow cylindrical elastic element enclosed by a sleeve, which is preferably provided with a conical part 2251. Fig. 5c shows the second bearing housing part 22 of Fig. 5b individually with multi-part guide pins 225, each having a plurality of spaced-apart elastic guide rods 2252, which are preferably integrally connected to the second bearing housing part 22 at the top. The guide rods 2252 preferably extend into a recess 2250, in which they are preferably integrally connected to the bearing housing part 22. The radially outwardly directed outer sides of the guide rods 2252 form surface segments of the guide pins 225 of Fig. 5b, which is why the mutual centering or coaxial alignment of the two bearing housing parts 21, 22 is equally possible.as with the guide pins 225 of Fig. 5b. After the two bearing housing parts 21, 22 have been connected to one another in this way and form a contact surface, the guide rods 2252 allow mutual displacement since they are anchored not at the level of the contact surface, but within the recess 2250. While the guide rods 2252 are wing-shaped and fastened centrally, the recess 2250 can be omitted. Fig. 6 shows the assembled connecting device 1 of Fig. 3a with the first and second connecting device parts 11, 12, the bearing housing 2 with the first and second bearing housing parts 21, 22 and the electrical connector 3 with the first and second connector parts 31, 32 and the first and second connector housing parts 312, 322, which are connected to one another in a form-fitting and manually non-detachable manner. The two bearing housing parts 21, 22 and the two connector housing parts 312,322 each have a quarter section and are shown with different hatching. The two bearing housing parts 21, 22 are connected to one another by the corresponding guide elements 215, 225, the guide channels 215 and the guide pins 225, coaxially aligned with one another and coaxially displaceable relative to one another. Preferably, a play is provided between the guide elements 215, 225, which allows mutual radial displacement of the bearing housing parts 21, 22. The first connector part 31 is held by means of the bearing springs 211 in the bearing opening 210 of the first bearing housing part 21, in corresponding areas radially and axially displaceable with respect to the device axis x. One of the tongue-shaped bearing springs 211 is shown, which holds the first connector part 31 elastically and displaceably. The pot-shaped or cup-shaped first connector housing part 312 comprises the first conversion 3122 and a first base element 3125,which delimit the first contact chamber 3120. The base element 3125 is enclosed by a radially outwardly projecting coupling collar 3126, which tapers conically downwards. When inserting the first connector part 31, the coupling collar 3126 can therefore displace the bearing springs 211 outward until it has entered the bearing opening 210 and the bearing springs 211 pivot back again, thus preventing the coupling collar 3126 from passing upwards again through the bearing springs 211. The first connector part 31 can therefore be displaced radially outward in a direction and axially upward parallel to the device axis x by bending the bearing springs 211.until the coupling collar 3126 abuts the bearing springs 211. The angular first connecting contact held in the first contact chamber 3120 is held on the input side by a retaining clip 31241 and centrally by a wall segment 31242 coaxial with the device axis x. The second connector part 32 is held in the bearing opening 220 of the second bearing housing part 22 and is held immovably aligned, for example, by means of screw connections with the second bearing housing part 22 coaxial with the device axis x. It is shown that the second bearing housing part 22 and the second connector housing part 322 have corresponding mounting openings or mounting bores, optionally threaded bores or mounting openings with at least one threaded sleeve, into which mounting screws can be inserted. The pot-shaped or cup-shaped second connector housing part 322 comprises the second cylindrical wall element 3222 and a second base element 3225.which delimit the second contact chamber 3220. In the second contact chamber 3220, the plate-shaped second connecting contact 321 is elastically held by means of the tongue-shaped or clamp-shaped fixing elements 32241 and centrally by means of a compression spring 32242 held by a pin. The first connecting contact 311 is in contact with the second connecting contact 321, which is why the electrical connection between the connecting lines 411, 421 is established. The mutually facing end pieces of the cylindrical first and second wall elements 3122, 3222 lie against one another in an overlapping manner and are stepped such that they delimit an annular chamber 30 (see Fig. 7) in which a sealing ring 8 is preferably held under contact pressure, resulting in a tightly sealing connection between the first and second connector housing parts 312, 322. The two contact chambers 3120, 3220 are therefore sealed to the outside, so that the connecting contacts 311,321 are protected against external influences. It is further shown that the two connecting housing parts 312, 322 have corresponding connecting elements 3121, 3221 that engage with each other in a form-fitting manner, so that the two connector parts 31, 32 cannot be manually separated from each other. The first connector housing part 312 has a plurality of tongue-shaped first connecting elements 3121 that engages over and holds the second connector part 3221. The second connector part 3221 is formed as a circumferential coupling collar on the underside of the second wall element 3222 and has, for example, a circumferential step or rib that is engaged by the first connecting elements 3121. The coupling collar 3221 simultaneously serves as a centering collar 3223 and thus has a dual function. The centering function for the coaxial alignment of the connector parts 31, 32 during the connection, which is carried out using the centering elements 3123, 3223,is described with reference to Fig. 8a. Fig. 7 shows the electrical connector 3 of Fig. 6 without the bearing housing 2. Fig. 8a shows the electrical connector 3 of Fig. 7 during the joining of the first and second connector parts 31, 32 in a position in which the second connector housing part 322 of the second connector part 32 is aligned coaxially with respect to the first connector housing part 312 of the first connector part 31. In this position, the centering elements 3123 and 3223, which have conical end faces or end face segments that bear against one another, are in mutual contact. The first centering elements 3123 are tongue-shaped and rest with their conical end face segments on the conically running end face of the second centering element 3223, which is designed as a centering collar. It can be seen that the first tongue-shaped centering elements 3123 are longer than the tongue-shaped connecting elements 3121, thus ensuringthat the centering function is fulfilled first and only then the connecting function. Fig. 8b shows the electrical connector 3 of Fig. 8a after the positive locking of the two connector housing parts 312 and 322, and thus also the electrical connector 3 of Fig. 7, but after a rotation. Fig. 9 shows the first connecting device part 11 of Fig. 7 from above with the first bearing housing part 21 and the first connector part 31 with a view of the first connecting contact 311 held by the fixing elements 31241, 31242 in the first contact chamber 3120 coaxially aligned with the connection axis x. Between the connector housing part 312 of the first connector part 31 and the bearing housing inner wall 218, which laterally encloses the bearing opening 210 of the first bearing housing part 21, at least one elastic bearing element 211, 211' is provided, by means of which,The first connector part 31 is held displaceably and elastically within the bearing opening 210. The at least one elastic bearing element 211, 211' can be realized in various ways or can be present in different configurations. In a preferred embodiment, the first connector part 31 is held centrally by means of, for example, five tongue-shaped bearing springs 211, but can be deflected radially by the intended amount in any direction under the action of force. The first connection channel 214, in which the cable feedthrough 41 is held, is selected to be sufficiently large.so that the cable feedthrough 41 does not hinder the movement of the first connector part 31. The bearing springs 211 are preferably integrally formed on the bearing housing inner wall 218. The bearing springs 211 can also be integrally formed on the first connector housing part 312 and aligned against the bearing housing inner wall 218 of the bearing housing part 21. Each of the bearing springs 211 can be bent until it rests against the bearing housing inner wall 218. Instead of the bearing springs 211, an elastic bearing ring 211' or an elastic hollow cylinder 211', for example made of soft rubber or foam, can alternatively be inserted between the connector housing part 312 of the first connector part 31 and the bearing housing inner wall 218 (shown fragmentarily in Fig. 9). Fig. 10a shows the first bearing housing part 21 of Fig. 9 cut along the line A--A of Fig. 9 and the first connector part 31,which is inserted from above into the first bearing housing part 21. The conically shaped coupling collar 3126 is placed on the bearing springs 211, whose upper sides have radially downwardly inclined upper sides 2111 from the outside toward the device axis x. When the first connector part 31 is placed on top, the bearing springs 211 are therefore displaced outward until the coupling collar 3126 has been guided through the area of the bearing springs 211. Fig. 10b shows the first bearing housing part 21 of Fig. 10a and the first connector part 31 inserted therein. The inserted first connector part 31 can be displaced radially in any direction until the bearing springs 211 are fully expanded and rest against the wall of the first bearing housing part 21. Furthermore, the first connector part 31 is axially displaceable.until the coupling collar 3126 abuts the bearing springs 211 from below. By appropriately dimensioning the bearing springs 211 and the coupling collar 3126, the extent of the maximum radial displacement and the maximum axial displacement can be selectively determined. If the bearing springs 211 are attached to or molded onto the connector housing part 312 of the first connector part 31, or if a bearing part 211' is used, for example, in the form of an elastic ring or an elastic hollow cylinder, the coupling collar 3126 is preferably provided at the entrance to the first bearing opening 210 such that the coupling collar widens towards the bearing opening 210. The upper side of the coupling collar corresponds approximately to the profile of the upper side of the bearing springs 211 in Fig. 10a. In contrast, the coupling collar can be comparatively thin and have a thickness of only a few millimeters. To enter the storage opening 210,The bearing springs 211 or the bearing part 211' must first overcome the coupling collar. The bearing springs 211 or the bearing part 211' are then held by the coupling collar within the bearing opening 210. List of reference numerals 100 Photovoltaic system 10, 10A, 10B Photovoltaic modules 1 Connecting device 11 First connecting device part 12 Second connecting device part 2 Bearing housing 21 First bearing housing part 210 First bearing opening 211 Bearing springs 2111 Inclined upper sides 214 First connection channel 215 First guide element, Guide channel 218 First bearing housing inner wall 219 First mounting part 22 Second bearing housing part 220 Second bearing opening 2200 Mounting opening 224 Second connection channel 225 Second preferably elastic guide element,Guide pin 2251 Centering cone 2252 Elastic guide rods of the multi-part guide pin 225 228 Second bearing housing inner wall 229 Second mounting part 3 Electrical connector 30 Annular chamber 31 First connector part 311 First connecting contact 312 First connector housing part 3120 First contact chamber 3121 First connecting element 3122 First cylindrical wall element 31220 Wall opening, through opening 3123 First centering element, centering tongues 31241, 31242 First fixing elements 3125 First base element 3126 Coupling collar 32 Second connector part 3200 Mounting opening 321 Second connecting contact 322 Second connector housing part 3220 Second contact chamber 3221 Second connecting element 3222 Second cylindrical wall element 32220 Wall opening, through opening 3223 second centering element, centering collar 32241, 32242 second fixing elements 3225 second base element 41 first cable entry 411 first connecting cable,Connecting cable 42 second cable entry 421 second connecting cable, connecting cable 8 sealing ring 9 module body 91 first mounting form 92 second mounting form 95 photovoltaic elements 99 roof battensx device axis,
Claims
1. A connecting device (1) for connecting a first and a second photovoltaic module (10A, 10B) of a photovoltaic system (100), comprising a first connecting device part (11) and a second connecting device part (12), with an electrical connector (3) which has a first connector part (31) provided for the first photovoltaic module (10A) and has a first connecting contact (311), and a second connector part (32) provided for the second photovoltaic module (10) and has a second connecting contact (321), which first and second connecting contacts (311, 322) are preferably plug contacts corresponding to one another, characterized in that a bearing housing (2) is provided for receiving the electrical connector (3), with a first bearing housing part (21) which has a first bearing opening (210) provided for receiving the first connector part (31), and with a second bearing housing part (22),which has a second bearing opening (220) provided for receiving the second connector part (32); that at least the first or the second connector part (31; 32) is slidably held in the associated first or second bearing housing part (21; 22); that the first connector part (31) comprises a first connector housing part (312) in which the first connection contact (311) is held and which has at least one first connection element (3121); that the second connector part (32) comprises a second connector housing part (322) in which the second connection contact (321) is held and which has at least one second connection element (3221); and that the first connecting device part (11), which comprises the first bearing housing part (21) and the first connector part (31), and the second connecting device part (12), which comprises the second bearing housing part (22) and the second connector part (32), are connectable to one another along a device axis (x),wherein, based on the first and second connecting elements (3121, 3221), at least one, A positive connection between the first connector part (31) and the second connector part (32) results.
2. Connecting device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and second connector housing parts (312, 322) can be positively connected to one another by means of the first connecting elements (3121) and the second connecting elements (3221), which preferably comprise at least one locking tongue (3121) and a corresponding locking collar (3221).
3. Connecting device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first and second connector housing parts (312, 322) can be connected to one another in a tightly sealed manner, and / or that the first and second connector housing parts (312, 322) have mutually corresponding first and second wall elements (3122, 3222), which are preferably stepped relative to one another and which bear against one another in a tightly sealed manner or which enclose a sealing ring (8) in a tightly sealed manner.Connecting device (1) according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the first and second connector housing parts (312, 322) have mutually corresponding first and second centering elements (3123, 3223), which preferably comprise at least one centering tongue (3123) and a corresponding centering collar (3223) and / or which preferably have centering surfaces or centering segments that are conically inclined relative to one another, wherein the connecting elements (3121, 3221) and the centering elements (3123, 3223) are dimensioned such that the centering elements (3123, 3223) come into mutual contact before the connecting elements (3121, 3221).Connecting device (1) according to one of claims 1 - 4, characterized in that the first connector housing part (312) is pot-shaped and has a first lead-through opening (3127) into which a first cable lead-through (41) is inserted, through which a first connecting cable (411) is guided in a sealed manner into the first connector housing part (312) to the first connecting contact (311); and / or. that the second connector housing part (322) is pot-shaped and has a second through-opening (3227) into which a second cable feedthrough (42) is inserted, through which a second connecting cable (421) is guided in a sealed manner into the second connector housing part (322) to the second connecting contact (321).
6. Connecting device (1) according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the first connector housing part (312) has at least one first fixing element (31241, 31242), by means of which the first connecting contact (311) is held coaxially aligned with the device axis (x); and / or that the second connector housing part (322) has at least one second fixing element (32241, 32242), by means of which the second connecting contact (321) is held coaxially aligned with the device axis (x). 7.Connecting device (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the first connecting contact (311) is angularly formed and is held in a form-fitting manner and coaxially aligned with the device axis (x) by means of the at least one first fixing element (31241, 31242) with an angular part; and / or that the second connecting contact (321) is plate-shaped and preferably elastically formed and is held coaxially aligned with the device axis (x) by means of a plurality of second fixing elements (32241) formed as retaining tongues (32241); or that the second connecting contact (321) is plate-shaped and elastically formed and is held coaxially aligned with the device axis (x) by means of a plurality of second fixing elements (32241) formed as retaining tongues (32241) and is centrally supported by a retaining spring (32242).Connecting device (1) according to one of claims 1 - 7, characterized in that at least the first or the second connector part (31; 32) in the associated first or second bearing housing part (21; 22) by means of at least one elastic bearing element (211, 211'). is held displaceably and elastically, wherein the at least one bearing element (211, 211') is arranged between, on the one hand, a first or second bearing housing inner wall (218; 228), which encloses the first or second receiving opening (210; 220) of the associated first or second bearing housing part (21; 22), and, on the other hand, the first or second connector part (31; 32) and is connected to or separated from the first or second bearing housing inner wall (218; 228) or from the first or second connector part (31; 32). 9.Connecting device (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the first or the second bearing housing part (21; 22) has a plurality of preferably tongue-shaped bearing springs (211) which are inclined within the first or second bearing opening (210, 220) against the displaceably held first or second connector part (31; 32), or that the displaceably held first or second connector part (31; 32) has a plurality of preferably tongue-shaped bearing springs (211) which are inclined against a first or second bearing housing inner wall (218, 228) which encloses the associated first or second bearing opening (210, 220), or that between a first or second bearing housing inner wall (218, 228) which encloses the first or second bearing opening (210, 220) and the displaceably held first or second connector part (31; 32) at least one hollow cylindrical or annular elastic bearing element (211') is arranged. 10.Connecting device (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the bearing springs (211) are inclined or have correspondingly inclined surfaces, whereby the bearing springs (211) are compressible or bendable when the displaceably held first or second connector part (31; 32) is inserted.
11. Connecting device (1) according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the displaceably mounted first or second connector housing part (312, 322) has a preferably conically shaped coupling collar (3126) on its underside, which serves to displace the bearing springs (211) connected to the first or second bearing housing part (21; 22). is provided and which, after passing the bearing springs (211), serves as a stop against which the bearing springs (211) strike when the displaceably held first or second connector housing part (312, 322) is pulled outwards, or that a preferably conically shaped coupling collar is provided within the first or second bearing opening (210, 220), which is provided for displacing the bearing springs (211) connected to the displaceably mounted first or second connector housing part (312, 322) and which, after passing the bearing springs (211), serves as a stop against which the bearing springs (211) strike when the displaceably mounted first or second connector housing part (312, 322) is pulled outwards. 12.Connecting device (1) according to one of claims 5-11, characterized in that the first and the second bearing housing part (21; 22) each have a connection channel (214; 224) which serves to receive the associated cable feedthrough (41; 42) and / or that the first and / or the second bearing housing part (21; 22) each have a first mounting part (219) or second mounting part (229) which can be connected to the module body (9) of the associated photovoltaic module (1) in a form-fitting manner and / or by a snap-in connection.Connecting device (1) according to one of claims 1 - 12, characterized in that the first and the second bearing housing part (21; 22) are provided with mutually corresponding guide elements (215; 225), preferably at least one guide channel (215) and at least one guide pin (225), by means of which the first and the second bearing housing part (21; 22) can be guided into a mutual coaxial alignment and can be held firmly or elastically in the coaxial alignment, or that the first and the second bearing housing part (21; 22) are provided with mutually corresponding guide elements (215; 225), preferably at least one guide channel (215) and at least one multi-part guide pin (225), by means of which the first and the second bearing housing part (21; 22) can be guided into a mutual coaxial alignment and can be held elastically, wherein the guide pin. (225) comprises at least one elastic element or comprises a plurality of elastic guide rods (2252) preferably aligned parallel to one another, which are preferably held in a recess.
14. A photovoltaic system (100) comprising at least two overlapping photovoltaic modules (10) that are electrically or electrically and mechanically connected to one another in the region of the overlap by means of a connecting device (1) according to one of claims 1-13.A photovoltaic module (10) with a module body (9) that comprises or holds at least one photovoltaic element, for a photovoltaic system (100) according to claim 14, characterized in that a first connecting device part (11) of the connecting device (1) is arranged on a first side of the module body (9) and is preferably positively connected to the module body (9), that a second connecting device part (12) of the connecting device (1) is arranged on a second side of the module body (9), preferably opposite the first side, and is preferably positively connected to the module body (9), that the first and second connecting device parts (11) are aligned in opposite directions and can each be connected to a second or first connecting device part (12, 11) of an adjacent photovoltaic module (10) in order to realize a composite connecting device (1).Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 13, characterized in that the connecting device parts (11, 12) project beyond the module body (9) on one side, preferably on a longitudinal side, and / or that the module body (9) has the shape of a plate, a roof tile, a roof tile or a roof tile.