Techniques for user equipment mobility beam prediction
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- QUALCOMM INC
- Filing Date
- 2023-08-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-08
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in predicting optimal beams for user equipment (UE) mobility, leading to potential throughput interruptions and poor communication performance during handovers between cells.
The proposed solution involves a method where a user equipment (UE) receives network assistance information regarding spatial or temporal beam predictions associated with mobility from a source cell to a target cell. This information may include backhaul delay characteristics or target Layer 1 (L1) reference signal received power (RSRP) values, enabling the UE to perform beam predictions accordingly.
By utilizing network assistance information, the UE can effectively predict optimal beams, improving communication performance by reducing throughput interruptions and enhancing computational and thermal efficiency.
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Figure CN2023116029_06032025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNIQUES FOR USER EQUIPMENT MOBILITY BEAM PREDICTION
[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and to techniques and apparatuses for user equipment mobility beam prediction.
[0003] DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART
[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (for example, bandwidth, transmit power, etc. ) . Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and Long Term Evolution (LTE) . LTE / LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) .
[0005] A wireless network may include one or more network nodes that support communication for wireless communication devices, such as a user equipment (UE) or multiple UEs. A UE may communicate with a network node via downlink communications and uplink communications. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication link from the network node to the UE, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication link from the UE to the network node. Some wireless networks may support device-to-device communication, such as via a local link (e.g., a sidelink (SL) , a wireless local area network (WLAN) link, and / or a wireless personal area network (WPAN) link, among other examples) .
[0006] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different UEs to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, or global level. New Radio (NR) , which also may be referred to as 5G, is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by the 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband internet access by improving spectral efficiency, lowering costs, improving services, making use of new spectrum, and better integrating with other open standards using orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink, using CP-OFDM or single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) (also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) ) on the uplink, as well as supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation.SUMMARY
[0007] In some implementations, a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) includes receiving network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target Layer 1 (L1) reference signal received power (RSRP) value; and performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information.
[0008] In some implementations, a method of wireless communication performed by a network node includes generating network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility of a UE from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value; and transmitting the network assistance information.
[0009] In some implementations, an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE includes one or more memories; and one or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the UE to: receive network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value; and perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information.
[0010] In some implementations, an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node includes one or more memories; and one or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the network node to: generate network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility of a UE from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value; and transmit the network assistance information.
[0011] In some implementations, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a UE, cause the UE to: receive network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value; and perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information.
[0012] In some implementations, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a network node, cause the network node to:generate network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility of a UE from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value; and transmit the network assistance information.
[0013] In some implementations, an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for receiving network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value; and means for performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information.
[0014] In some implementations, an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for generating network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility of a UE from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value; and means for transmitting the network assistance information.
[0015] Aspects generally include a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network entity, network node, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as substantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the drawings and specification.
[0016] The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that the detailed description that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described hereinafter. The conception and specific examples disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] So that the above-recited features of the present disclosure can be understood in detail, a more particular description, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to aspects, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of this disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the description may admit to other equally effective aspects. The same reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.
[0018] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0019] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a network node in communication with a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0020] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0021] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of an artificial intelligence and machine learning based beam management, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0022] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a mobility procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0023] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a beam management procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0024] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of UE mobility beam prediction, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0025] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of spatial beam prediction and temporal beam prediction, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0026] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0027] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a network node or an apparatus of a network node, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0028] Fig. 11 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0029] Fig. 12 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] Beam prediction may be used to predict one or more beam characteristics of a beam to be used for transmitting or receiving data, for example, to improve a signal strength, reduce interference, enhance a signal range, improve capacity, and / or improve energy efficiency. Spatial domain (SD) beam prediction may be used to predict an optimal direction or a spatial angle for transmitting or receiving the beam, whereas temporal domain (TD) beam prediction may be used to predict a time or time interval for transmitting or receiving the beam. A mobility procedure may include a user equipment (UE) moving from a coverage area associated with a source cell to a coverage area associated with a target cell. Specifically, a lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) procedure may include a UE initiating a handover from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells in accordance with one or more measurements performed at lower layers (e.g., Layer 1 (L1) or Layer 2 (L2) ) of a network protocol stack. In some cases, throughput may be interrupted during a mobility procedure. The UE may be served by narrow beams in a source cell, but may need to perform a beam refinement procedure in the target cell, for example, since synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) may be used for mobility and LTM measurements. Additionally, a UE-preferred transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state in the target cell may not be able to be delivered on time due to a non-ideal backhaul delay, and beam searching may be needed when the UE is switched to the target cell.
[0031] In some cases, whether the UE is to perform SD or TD beam prediction in accordance with an LTM may be determined based on one or more conditions. For example, the UE may determine whether to perform SD or TD beam prediction in accordance with whether the UE needs to guarantee a seamless handover for certain applications (such as extended reality or ultra-reliable low-latency communications) , or in accordance with whether the UE has an urgent uplink throughput requirement. In another example, the UE may determine whether to perform SD or TD beam prediction in accordance with whether the UE has sufficient computational or thermal budgets to carry out the SD or TD beam prediction in a short time period (e.g., in accordance with an LTM cell switch command) . In this example, UE-side prediction may be preferred since more observations (e.g., measurements) may be available at the UE than at the network node. However, if the UE is computationally restricted or thermally restricted, network-side prediction may be preferred. In another example, the UE may determine whether to perform SD or TD beam prediction in accordance with whether a backhaul delay during a recent time period has been longer than a threshold, resulting in a UE-preferred TCI state not being able to be delivered in time, or in accordance with whether the UE is required to predict future occasions (which may consume more power and / or generate more heat) . One reason for non-ideal backhaul delay may be that the source cells and / or target cells may have more urgent tasks to process in the software stacks, and therefore, forwarding and decoding of inter-cell messages may be delayed. This delay may vary based on whether the source cell and / or the target cell are busy with other tasks. However, the UE may not be configured with information (or may not be configured with sufficient information) that enables the UE to determine whether to perform SD or TD beam prediction in accordance with the above conditions. This may result in the UE failing to perform SD or TD beam prediction, which may further result in poor communication performance.
[0032] Various aspects generally relate to wireless communications. Some aspects more specifically relate to UE mobility beam prediction. In some aspects, a network node may transmit, and a UE may receive, network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction. The spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction may be associated with a mobility, such as an LTM, from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells. In some aspects, the spatial beam prediction and the temporal beam prediction may be associated with at least one of an L1 reference signal received power (RSRP) , an L1 signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) , a top number of L1 RSRP resources, or a top number of SINR resources. The L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, top number of RSRP resources, and top number of SINR resources may be based at least in part on one or more SSBs associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or one or more virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells. In some examples, the network assistance information may indicate a distribution of a backhaul delay between the source cell and the target cell. Additionally, or alternatively, the network assistance information may indicate a desired L1 RSRP level, which may be associated with a highest L1 RSRP of a plurality of L1 RSRPs measured from SSBs with respect to the plurality of candidate target cells. The UE may identify whether to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information. For example, the UE may perform at least one of the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with a condition indicated in the network assistance information being satisfied. Alternatively, the UE may refrain from performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the condition indicated in the network assistance information not being satisfied.
[0033] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by transmitting and receiving the network assistance information, the described techniques can be used to enable the UE to identify whether to perform a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more conditions. For example, the UE, in accordance with the network assistance information, may identify whether to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a distribution of a backhaul delay between a source cell and a target cell. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE, in accordance with the network assistance information, may identify whether to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a desired L1 RSRP level. In some examples, by performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information, the UE may identify whether to switch from a source cell to a target cell in accordance with the one or more conditions, which may improve communication performance. In some examples, by performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information, computational and / or thermal performance by the UE may be improved by reducing unnecessary beam prediction occurrences. These example advantages, among others, are described in more detail below.
[0034] Various aspects of the disclosure are described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art should appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or combined with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method which is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or other than the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0035] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatuses and techniques. These apparatuses and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, or the like (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or combinations thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0036] While aspects may be described herein using terminology commonly associated with a 5G or New Radio (NR) radio access technology (RAT) , aspects of the present disclosure can be applied to other RATs, such as a 3G RAT, a 4G RAT, and / or a RAT subsequent to 5G (e.g., 6G) .
[0037] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network 100. The wireless network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (for example, NR) network or a 4G (for example, Long Term Evolution (LTE) ) network, among other examples. The wireless network 100 may include one or more network nodes 110 (shown as a network node 110a, a network node 110b, a network node 110c, and a network node 110d) , a UE 120 or multiple UEs 120 (shown as a UE 120a, a UE 120b, a UE 120c, a UE 120d, and a UE 120e) , or other entities. A network node 110 is an example of a network node that communicates with UEs 120. As shown, a network node 110 may include one or more network nodes. For example, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node, meaning that the aggregated network node is configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (for example, within a single device or unit) . As another example, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , meaning that the network node 110 is configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more nodes (such as one or more central units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , or one or more radio units (RUs) ) .
[0038] In some examples, a network node 110 is or includes a network node that communicates with UEs 120 via a radio access link, such as an RU. In some examples, a network node 110 is or includes a network node that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a fronthaul link or a midhaul link, such as a DU. In some examples, a network node 110 is or includes a network node that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a midhaul link or a core network via a backhaul link, such as a CU. In some examples, a network node 110 (such as an aggregated network node 110 or a disaggregated network node 110) may include multiple network nodes, such as one or more RUs, one or more CUs, and / or one or more DUs. A network node 110 may include, for example, an NR base station, an LTE base station, a Node B, an eNB (for example, in 4G) , a gNB (for example, in 5G) , an access point, or a transmission reception point (TRP) , a DU, an RU, a CU, a mobility element of a network, a core network node, a network element, a network equipment, a RAN node, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the network nodes 110 may be interconnected to one another or to one or more other network nodes 110 in the wireless network 100 through various types of fronthaul, midhaul, and / or backhaul interfaces, such as a direct physical connection, an air interface, or a virtual network, using any suitable transport network.
[0039] In some examples, a network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network node 110 or a network node subsystem serving this coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (for example, several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscription. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (for example, a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 having association with the femto cell (for example, UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) ) . A network node 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. A network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or an in-home network node. In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110a may be a macro network node for a macro cell 102a, the network node 110b may be a pico network node for a pico cell 102b, and the network node 110c may be a femto network node for a femto cell 102c. A network node may support one or multiple (for example, three) cells. In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of a network node 110 that is mobile (for example, a mobile network node) .
[0040] In some aspects, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to an aggregated base station, a disaggregated base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, or one or more components thereof. For example, in some aspects, “base station” or “network node” may refer to a CU, a DU, an RU, a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to one device configured to perform one or more functions, such as those described herein in connection with the network node 110. In some aspects, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to a plurality of devices configured to perform the one or more functions. For example, in some distributed systems, each of a number of different devices (which may be located in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations) may be configured to perform at least a portion of a function, or to duplicate performance of at least a portion of the function, and the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to any one or more of those different devices. In some aspects, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to one or more virtual base stations or one or more virtual base station functions. For example, in some aspects, two or more base station functions may be instantiated on a single device. In some aspects, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to one of the base station functions and not another. In this way, a single device may include more than one base station.
[0041] The wireless network 100 may include one or more relay stations. A relay station is a network node that can receive a transmission of data from an upstream node (for example, a network node 110 or a UE 120) and send a transmission of the data to a downstream node (for example, a UE 120 or a network node 110) . A relay station may be a UE 120 that can relay transmissions for other UEs 120. In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110d (for example, a relay network node) may communicate with the network node 110a (for example, a macro network node) and the UE 120d in order to facilitate communication between the network node 110a and the UE 120d. A network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay station, a relay base station, a relay network node, a relay node, or a relay, among other examples.
[0042] The wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, or relay network nodes. These different types of network nodes 110 may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, or different impacts on interference in the wireless network 100. For example, macro network nodes may have a high transmit power level (for example, 5 to 40 watts) whereas pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (for example, 0.1 to 2 watts) .
[0043] A network controller 130 may couple to or communicate with a set of network nodes 110 and may provide coordination and control for these network nodes 110. The network controller 130 may communicate with the network nodes 110 via a backhaul communication link or a midhaul communication link. The network nodes 110 may communicate with one another directly or indirectly via a wireless or wireline backhaul communication link. In some aspects, the network controller 130 may be a CU or a core network device, or may include a CU or a core network device.
[0044] The UEs 120 may be dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may include, for example, an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (for example, a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (for example, a smart ring or a smart bracelet) ) , an entertainment device (for example, a music device, a video device, or a satellite radio) , a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter / sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, a UE function of a network node, or any other suitable device that is configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium.
[0045] Some UEs 120 may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) or evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UEs. An MTC UE or an eMTC UE may include, for example, a robot, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a remote device, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, or a location tag, that may communicate with a network node, another device (for example, a remote device) , or some other entity. Some UEs 120 may be considered Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. Some UEs 120 may be considered a Customer Premises Equipment. A UE 120 may be included inside a housing that houses components of the UE 120, such as processor components or memory components. In some examples, the processor components and the memory components may be coupled together. For example, the processor components (for example, one or more processors) and the memory components (for example, a memory) may be operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled.
[0046] In general, any number of wireless networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless network 100 may support a particular RAT and may operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT may be referred to as a radio technology or an air interface. A frequency may be referred to as a carrier or a frequency channel. Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area in order to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.
[0047] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (for example, shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (for example, without using a network node 110 as an intermediary to communicate with one another) . For example, the UEs 120 may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communications, device-to-device (D2D) communications, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocol (for example, which may include a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocol, a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocol, or a vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocol) , or a mesh network. In such examples, a UE 120 may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by the network node 110.
[0048] Devices of the wireless network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, or channels. For example, devices of the wireless network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with regard to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz –300 GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band.
[0049] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified an operating band for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) . Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.
[0050] With these examples in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “sub-6 GHz, ” if used herein, may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “millimeter wave, ” if used herein, may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, or FR5, or may be within the EHF band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (for example, FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, or FR5) may be modified, and techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.
[0051] In some aspects, the UE 120 may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may receive network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value; and perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0052] In some aspects, the network node 110 may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may generate network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility of a UE from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value; and transmit the network assistance information. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0053] As indicated above, Fig. 1 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 1.
[0054] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example 200 of a network node 110 in communication with a UE 120 in a wireless network 100. The network node 110 may be equipped with a set of antennas 234a through 234t, such as T antennas (T ≥ 1) . The UE 120 may be equipped with a set of antennas 252a through 252r, such as R antennas (R ≥ 1) . The network node 110 of example 200 includes one or more radio frequency components, such as antennas 234 and a modem 232. In some examples, a network node 110 may include an interface, a communication component, or another component that facilitates communication with the UE 120 or another network node. Some network nodes 110 may not include radio frequency components that facilitate direct communication with the UE 120, such as one or more CUs, or one or more DUs.
[0055] At the network node 110, a transmit processor 220 may receive data, from a data source 212, intended for the UE 120 (or a set of UEs 120) . The transmit processor 220 may select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for the UE 120 using one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from that UE 120. The network node 110 may process (for example, encode and modulate) the data for the UE 120 using the MCS (s) selected for the UE 120 and may provide data symbols for the UE 120. The transmit processor 220 may process system information (for example, for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI) ) and control information (for example, CQI requests, grants, or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. The transmit processor 220 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (for example, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) ) and synchronization signals (for example, a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) ) . A transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, T output symbol streams) to a corresponding set of modems 232 (for example, T modems) , shown as modems 232a through 232t. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 232. Each modem 232 may use a respective modulator component to process a respective output symbol stream (for example, for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further use a respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. The modems 232a through 232t may transmit a set of downlink signals (for example, T downlink signals) via a corresponding set of antennas 234 (for example, T antennas) , shown as antennas 234a through 234t.
[0056] At the UE 120, a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a through 252r) may receive the downlink signals from the network node 110 or other network nodes 110 and may provide a set of received signals (for example, R received signals) to a set of modems 254 (for example, R modems) , shown as modems 254a through 254r. For example, each received signal may be provided to a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use a respective demodulator component to condition (for example, filter, amplify, downconvert, or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use a demodulator component to further process the input samples (for example, for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the modems 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and may provide detected symbols. A receive processor 258 may process (for example, demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 120 to a data sink 260, and may provide decoded control information and system information to a controller / processor 280. The term “controller / processor” may refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or a combination thereof. A channel processor may determine an RSRP parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, or a CQI parameter, among other examples. In some examples, one or more components of the UE 120 may be included in a housing 284.
[0057] The network controller 130 may include a communication unit 294, a controller / processor 290, and a memory 292. The network controller 130 may include, for example, one or more devices in a core network. The network controller 130 may communicate with the network node 110 via the communication unit 294.
[0058] One or more antennas (for example, antennas 234a through 234t or antennas 252a through 252r) may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings) , a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, or one or more antenna elements coupled to one or more transmission or reception components, such as one or more components of Fig. 2.
[0059] On the uplink, at the UE 120, a transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from a data source 262 and control information (for example, for reports that include RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, or CQI) from the controller / processor 280. The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 266 if applicable, further processed by the modems 254 (for example, for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM) , and transmitted to the network node 110. In some examples, the modem 254 of the UE 120 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the UE 120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of the antenna (s) 252, the modem (s) 254, the MIMO detector 256, the receive processor 258, the transmit processor 264, or the TX MIMO processor 266. The transceiver may be used by a processor (for example, the controller / processor 280) and the memory 282 to perform aspects of any of the processes described herein (e.g., with reference to Figs. 7-12) .
[0060] At the network node 110, the uplink signals from UE 120 or other UEs may be received by the antennas 234, processed by the modem 232 (for example, a demodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of the modem 232) , detected by a MIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by the UE 120. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and provide the decoded control information to the controller / processor 240. The network node 110 may include a communication unit 244 and may communicate with the network controller 130 via the communication unit 244. The network node 110 may include a scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communications. In some examples, the modem 232 of the network node 110 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the network node 110 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of the antenna (s) 234, the modem (s) 232, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, the transmit processor 220, or the TX MIMO processor 230. The transceiver may be used by a processor (for example, the controller / processor 240) and the memory 242 to perform aspects of any of the processes described herein (e.g., with reference to Figs. 7-12) .
[0061] In some aspects, the controller / processor 280 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system may generally be a system or a series of machines or components that receives inputs and processes the inputs to produce a set of outputs (which may be passed to other systems or components of, for example, the UE 120) . For example, a processing system of the UE 120 may be a system that includes the various other components or subcomponents of the UE 120.
[0062] The processing system of the UE 120 may interface with one or more other components of the UE 120, may process information received from one or more other components (such as inputs or signals) , or may output information to one or more other components. For example, a chip or modem of the UE 120 may include a processing system, a first interface to receive or obtain information, and a second interface to output, transmit, or provide information. In some examples, the first interface may be an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a receiver, such that the UE 120 may receive information or signal inputs, and the information may be passed to the processing system. In some examples, the second interface may be an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a transmitter, such that the UE 120 may transmit information output from the chip or modem. A person having ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the second interface also may obtain or receive information or signal inputs, and the first interface also may output, transmit, or provide information.
[0063] In some aspects, the controller / processor 240 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system may generally be a system or a series of machines or components that receives inputs and processes the inputs to produce a set of outputs (which may be passed to other systems or components of, for example, the network node 110) . For example, a processing system of the network node 110 may be a system that includes the various other components or subcomponents of the network node 110.
[0064] The processing system of the network node 110 may interface with one or more other components of the network node 110, may process information received from one or more other components (such as inputs or signals) , or may output information to one or more other components. For example, a chip or modem of the network node 110 may include a processing system, a first interface to receive or obtain information, and a second interface to output, transmit, or provide information. In some examples, the first interface may be an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a receiver, such that the network node 110 may receive information or signal inputs, and the information may be passed to the processing system. In some examples, the second interface may be an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a transmitter, such that the network node 110 may transmit information output from the chip or modem. A person having ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the second interface also may obtain or receive information or signal inputs, and the first interface also may output, transmit, or provide information.
[0065] The controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, or any other component (s) of Fig. 2 may perform one or more techniques associated with UE mobility beam prediction, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, or any other component (s) (or combinations of components) of Fig. 2 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 900 of Fig. 9, process 1000 of Fig. 10, and / or other processes as described herein. The memory 242 and the memory 282 may store data and program codes for the network node 110 and the UE 120, respectively. In some examples, the memory 242 and the memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions (for example, code or program code) for wireless communication. For example, the one or more instructions, when executed (for example, directly, or after compiling, converting, or interpreting) by one or more processors of the network node 110 or the UE 120, may cause the one or more processors, the UE 120, or the network node 110 to perform or direct operations of, for example, process 900 of Fig. 9, process 1000 of Fig. 10, and / or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and / or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.
[0066] In some aspects, the UE 120 includes means for receiving network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value; and / or means for performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information. The means for the UE 120 to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282.
[0067] In some aspects, the network node 110 includes means for generating network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility of a UE from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value; and / or means for transmitting the network assistance information. The means for the network node 110 to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, transmit processor 220, TX MIMO processor 230, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, or scheduler 246.
[0068] While blocks in Fig. 2 are illustrated as distinct components, the functions described above with respect to the blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combination component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.
[0069] In some aspects, an individual processor may perform all of the functions described as being performed by the one or more processors. In some aspects, one or more processors may collectively perform a set of functions. For example, a first set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a first function described as being performed by the one or more processors, and a second set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a second function described as being performed by the one or more processors. The first set of processors and the second set of processors may be the same set of processors or may be different sets of processors. Reference to “one or more processors” should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2. Reference to “one or more memories” should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of a corresponding device, such as the memory described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, functions described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or different subsets of the one or more memories.
[0070] As indicated above, Fig. 2 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 2.
[0071] Deployment of communication systems, such as 5G NR systems, may be arranged in multiple manners with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system, or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a RAN node, a core network node, a network element, a base station, or a network equipment may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a base station (such as a Node B (NB) , an evolved NB (eNB) , an NR base station, a 5G NB, an access point (AP) , a TRP, or a cell, among other examples) , or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, may be implemented as an aggregated base station (also known as a standalone base station or a monolithic base station) or a disaggregated base station. “Network entity” or “network node” may refer to a disaggregated base station, or to one or more units of a disaggregated base station (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, one or more RUs, or a combination thereof) .
[0072] An aggregated base station (e.g., an aggregated network node) may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (for example, within a single device or unit) . A disaggregated base station (e.g., a disaggregated network node) may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs) . In some examples, a CU may be implemented within a network node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other network nodes. The DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU also can be implemented as virtual units, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples.
[0073] Base station-type operation or network design may consider aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an IAB network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as the network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) ) , or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) ) to facilitate scaling of communication systems by separating base station functionality into one or more units that can be individually deployed. A disaggregated base station may include functionality implemented across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as functionality implemented for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various units of the disaggregated base station can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit of the disaggregated base station.
[0074] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture 300, in accordance with the present disclosure. The disaggregated base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 320 through one or more disaggregated control units (such as a Near-RT RIC 325 via an E2 link, or a Non-RT RIC 315 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 305, or both) . A CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective midhaul links, such as through F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 340.
[0075] Each of the units, including the CUs 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, as well as the Near-RT RICs 325, the Non-RT RICs 315, and the SMO Framework 305, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled with one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to one or multiple communication interfaces of the respective unit, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. In some examples, each of the units can include a wired interface, configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units, and a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as a RF transceiver) , configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
[0076] In some aspects, the CU 310 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC) functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, among other examples. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 310. The CU 310 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (for example, Central Unit –User Plane (CU-UP) functionality) , control plane functionality (for example, Central Unit –Control Plane (CU-CP) functionality) , or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 310 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. A CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 310 can be implemented to communicate with a DU 330, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
[0077] Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340. In some aspects, the DU 330 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some aspects, the one or more high PHY layers may be implemented by one or more modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, and modulation and demodulation, among other examples. In some aspects, the DU 330 may further host one or more low PHY layers, such as implemented by one or more modules for a fast Fourier transform (FFT) , an inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, or physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, among other examples. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 310.
[0078] Each RU 340 may implement lower-layer functionality. In some deployments, an RU 340, controlled by a DU 330, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low-PHY layer functions, such as performing an FFT, performing an iFFT, digital beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, based on a functional split (for example, a functional split defined by the 3GPP) , such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, each RU 340 can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 340 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 330. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable each DU 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0079] The SMO Framework 305 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 305 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface) . For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 305 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface) . Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 310, DUs 330, RUs 340, non-RT RICs 315, and Near-RT RICs 325. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 305 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 311, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 305 can communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 340 via a respective O1 interface. The SMO Framework 305 also may include a Non-RT RIC 315 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 305.
[0080] The Non-RT RIC 315 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near-RT RIC 325. The Non-RT RIC 315 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 325. The Near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 325.
[0081] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 325, the Non-RT RIC 315 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 325 and may be received at the SMO Framework 305 or the Non-RT RIC 315 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 315 or the Near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 315 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 305 (such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies) .
[0082] As indicated above, Fig. 3 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 3.
[0083] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 of an artificial intelligence and machine learning based beam management, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 4, an AI / ML model 410 may be deployed at or on a UE 120. For example, a model inference host (such as a model inference host) may be deployed at, or on, a UE 120. The AI / ML model 410 may enable the UE 120 to determine one or more inferences or predictions based on data input to the AI / ML model 410.
[0084] For example, as shown by reference number 415, an input to the AI / ML model 410 may include measurements associated with a first set of beams. For example, a network node 110 may transmit one or more signals using respective beams from the first set of beams. The UE 120 may perform measurements (e.g., L1 RSRP measurements or other measurements) of the first set of beams to obtain a first set of measurements. For example, each beam, from the first set of beams, may be associated with one or more measurements performed by the UE 120. The UE 120 may input the first set of measurements (e.g., L1 RSRP measurement values) into the AI / ML model 410 along with information associated with the first set of beams and / or a second set of beams, such as a beam direction (e.g., spatial direction) , beam width, beam shape, and / or other characteristics of the respective beams from the first set of beams and / or the second set of beams.
[0085] As shown by reference number 420, the AI / ML model 410 may output one or more predictions. The one or more predictions may include predicted measurement values (e.g., predicted L1 RSRP measurement values) associated with the second set of beams. This may reduce a number of beam measurements that are performed by the UE 120, thereby conversing power of the UE 120 and / or network resources that would have otherwise been used to measure all beams included in the first set of beams and the second set of beams. This type of prediction may be referred to as a codebook based spatial domain selection or prediction.
[0086] As another example, an output of the AI / ML model 410 may include a point-direction, an angle of departure (AoD) , and / or an angle of arrival (AoA) of a beam included in the second set of beams. This type of prediction may be referred to as a non-codebook based spatial domain selection or prediction. As another example, multiple measurement report or values, collected at different points in time, may be input to the AI / ML model 410. This may enable the AI / ML model 410 to output codebook based and / or non-codebook based predictions for a measurement value, an AoD, and / or an AoA, among other examples, of a beam at a future time. The output (s) of the AI / ML model 410, as described herein, may facilitate initial access procedures, secondary cell group (SCG) setup procedures, beam refinement procedures (e.g., a P2 beam management procedure or a P3 beam management procedure) , link quality or interference adaptation procedure, beam failure and / or beam blockage predictions, and / or radio link failure predictions, among other examples.
[0087] In some examples, the first set of beams may be referred to as Set B beams and the second set of beams may be referred to as Set A beams. In some examples, the first set of beams (e.g., the Set B beams) may be a subset of the second set of beams (e.g., the Set A beams) . In some other examples, the first set of beams and the second set of beams may be different beams and / or may be mutually exclusive sets. For example, the first set of beams (e.g., the Set B beams) may include wide beams (e.g., unrefined beams or beams having a beam width that satisfies a first threshold) and the second set of beams (e.g., the Set A beams) may include narrow beams (e.g., refined beams or beams having a beam width that satisfies a second threshold) . In one example, the AI / ML model 410 may perform spatial-domain downlink beam predictions for beams included in the Set A beams based on measurement results of beams included in the Set B beams. As another example, the AI / ML model 410 may perform temporal downlink beam prediction for beams included in the Set A beams based on historic measurement results of beams included in the Set B beams.
[0088] In some cases, spatial beam prediction may be used to reduce UE power consumption and measurement latency for a large number of beams (e.g., cross-cell beams) . For example, spatial beam prediction may be used to measure L1 RSRPs of a first set of cross-cell SSBs while predicting L1 RSRPs of a second set of cross-cell SSBs. In contrast, temporal beam prediction may be used to reduce LTM latency and to avoid throughput interruption (e.g., for inter-DU or non-ideal backhaul scenarios) . In one example, temporal beam prediction may be used to measure current L1 RSRPs of SSBs while predicting narrow beam L1 RSRPs for an LTM target cell with respect to a future time occasion. In another example, temporal beam prediction may be used to predict triggering conditions in a conditional LTM based at least in part on UE-side temporal beam prediction results.
[0089] As indicated above, Fig. 4 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 4.
[0090] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of a lower-layer triggered mobility procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure. The lower-layer triggered mobility procedure may be an L1 and / or an L2 triggered mobility procedure.
[0091] In some examples, a network node 110 may instruct a UE 120 to change serving cells, such as when the UE 120 moves away from coverage of a current serving cell (sometimes referred to as a source cell) and towards coverage of a neighboring cell (sometimes referred to as a target cell) . In some cases, the network node 110 may instruct the UE 120 to change cells using a layer 3 (L3) handover procedure. An L3 handover procedure may include the network node 110 transmitting, to the UE 120, an RRC reconfiguration message indicating that the UE 120 should perform a handover procedure to a target cell, which may be transmitted in response to the UE 120 providing the network node 110 with an L3 measurement report indicating signal strength measurements associated with various cells (e.g., measurements associated with the source cell and one or more neighboring cells) . In response to receiving the RRC reconfiguration message, the UE 120 may communicate with the source cell and the target cell to detach from the source cell and connect to the target cell (e.g., the UE 120 may establish an RRC connection with the target cell) . Once handover is complete, the target cell may communicate with a user plane function (UPF) of a core network to instruct the UPF to switch a user plane path of the UE 120 from the source cell to the target cell. The target cell may also communicate with the source cell to indicate that handover is complete and that the source cell may be released.
[0092] L3 handover procedures may be associated with high latency and high overhead due to the multiple RRC reconfiguration messages and / or other L3 signaling and operations used to perform the handover procedures. Accordingly, in some examples, a UE 120 may be configured to perform a lower-layer (e.g., L1 and / or L2) handover procedure, sometimes referred to an LTM procedure, such as the example 500 LTM procedure shown in Fig 5. As shown in Fig. 5, the LTM procedure may include four phases: an LTM preparation phase, an early synchronization phase (shown as “early sync” in Fig. 5) , an LTM execution phase, and / or an LTM completion phase.
[0093] During the LTM preparation phase, and as shown by reference number 505, the UE 120 may be in an RRC connected state (sometimes referred to as RRC_Connected) with a source cell. As shown by reference number 510, the UE 120 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, a measurement report (sometimes referred to as a MeasurementReport) , which may be an L3 measurement report. The measurement report may indicate signal strength measurements (e.g., RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and / or CQI) or similar measurements associated with the source cell and / or one or more neighboring cells. In some examples, based at least in part on the measurement report or other information, the network node 110 may decide to use LTM, and thus, as shown by reference number 515, the network node 110 may initiate LTM candidate preparation.
[0094] As shown by reference number 520, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, an RRC reconfiguration message (sometimes referred to as an RRCReconfiguration message) , which may include an LTM candidate configuration. More particularly, the RRC reconfiguration message may indicate a configuration of one or more LTM candidate target cells, which may be candidate cells to become a serving cell of the UE and / or cells for which the UE 120 may later be triggered to perform an LTM procedure. As shown by reference number 525, the UE 120 may store the configuration of the one or more LTM candidate cell configurations and, in response, may transmit, to the network node 110, an RRC reconfiguration complete message (sometimes referred to as an RRCReconfigurationComplete message) .
[0095] During the early synchronization phase, and as shown by reference number 530, the UE 120 may optionally perform downlink / uplink synchronization with the candidate cells associated with the one or more LTM candidate cell configurations. For example, the UE 120 may perform downlink synchronization and timing advance acquisition with the one or more candidate target cells prior to receiving an LTM switch command (which is described in more detail below in connection with reference number 555) . In some aspects, performing the early synchronization with the one or more candidate cells may reduce latency associated with performing a random access channel (RACH) procedure later in the LTM procedure, which is described in more detail below in connection with reference number 555.
[0096] During the LTM execution phase, and as shown by reference number 535, the UE 120 may perform L1 measurements on the configured LTM candidate target cells, and thus may transmit, to the network node 110, lower-layer (e.g., L1) measurement reports. As shown by reference number 540, based at least in part on the lower-layer measurement reports, the network node 110 may decide to execute an LTM cell switch to a target cell. Accordingly, as shown by reference number 545, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, a MAC control element (MAC-CE) or similar message triggering an LTM cell switch (the MAC-CE or similar message is sometimes referred to herein as a cell switch command) . The cell switch command may include an indication of a candidate configuration index associated with the target cell. As shown by reference number 550, based at least in part on receiving the cell switch command, the UE 120 may switch to the configuration of the LTM candidate target cell (e.g., the UE 120 may detach from the source cell and apply the target cell configuration) . Moreover, as shown by reference number 555, the UE 120 may perform a RACH procedure towards the target cell, such as when a timing advance associated with the target cell is not available (e.g., in examples in which the UE 120 did not perform the early synchronization as described above in connection with reference number 530) .
[0097] During the LTM completion phase, and as shown by reference number 560, the UE 120 may indicate successful completion of the LTM cell switch towards the target cell. In this way, cell switch to a target cell may be performed using less overhead than for an L3 handover procedure and / or a cell switch to a target cell may be associated with reduced latency as compared to L3 handover procedure.
[0098] As indicated above, Fig. 5 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 5.
[0099] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 of a beam management procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0100] In some cases, a communication with a source cell (e.g., a current active serving cell of the UE) may be performed using narrow beams. The narrow beams may have a TCI state with respect to a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (RS) (CSI-RS) that is based at least in part on beams that are narrower than beams that include SSBs. In some cases, SSBs may be used for L1 measurements in LTM, for example, since narrower beams associated with CSI-RS transmissions may consume large amounts of UE power to be measured. When the UE is switched to a target cell (e.g., a target LTM candidate cell) , an initial transmission may rely on the previously measured SSBs. After the initial transmission, a network node (e.g., a network node included in the target cell) may activate L1 reports associated with narrower beams based at least in part on CSI-RSs for Procedure 2 (P2) beam refinement, for example, to improve throughout. Although cell switch latency can be reduced via LTM, there may still be throughput interruption due to wide-to-narrow beam refinement.
[0101] In some cases, when the UE receives an LTM cell switch command (e.g., an LTM cell switch MAC-CE command) associated with switching to a target cell, spatial domain beam prediction, temporal domain beam prediction, or spatial domain and temporal domain beam prediction may be triggered to enable the UE to predict a quality of narrow beams in the target cells based at least in part on measurements of the SSBs. In some cases, directly measuring the narrower beams in accordance with transmissions performed using the narrower beams may be less efficient, for example, since there may be latency before the UE can be switched to the target cells. Additionally, measuring such narrow beams during this period (e.g., before the cell switch is complete) may result in longer latency and / or may require additional UE power consumption. Such beam prediction may allow the UE to quickly identify potential narrow beams to be used for performing transmissions within the target cell (s) , while the latency or power for such identification may be limited.
[0102] In some cases, as shown by reference number 605, the UE may receive an LTM cell switch command from the source cell that indicates to switch to a target LTM candidate cell. The LTM cell switch command may (implicitly or explicitly) include a network node request for the UE to predict channel characteristics (such as L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, a top number of L1 RSRP resources, or a top number of RSRP resources) regarding a set of channel prediction resources (CPRs) (including SSBs, CSI-RSs, and / or virtual resources that are not actually transmitted by the network node) that are associated with the LTM candidate cell to be switched to, based at least in part on a measurement of another set of channel measurement resources (CMRs) (including SSBs and / or CSI-RSs) . The top number of L1 RSRP resources and / or the top number of L1 SINR resources may be identified based at least in part on a strength of the L1 RSRPs and / or the L1 SINRs. In some cases, the network node request may indicate whether and / or how the UE is to report the predicted channel characteristics back to the network node.
[0103] The cell switch command may trigger SD, TD, or SD and TD beam prediction with respect to the target cell. In some cases, as shown by reference number 610, the UE may obtain (e.g., generate) beam prediction results based at least in part on performing the SD, TD, or SD and TD beam prediction with respect to the target cell. A pure spatial beam prediction may include channel characteristics to be predicted for the CPRs, and may be associated with the same TD occasions used by the UE for measuring the CMRs. A spatial and temporal beam prediction may include channel characteristics to be predicted for the CPRs, and may be associated with one or more future TD occasions compared to the TD occasions used by the UE for measuring the CMRs. A pure temporal beam prediction may be correspond to a beam prediction that occurs when the CPRs and CMRs are the same.
[0104] In some cases, as shown by reference number 615, the UE may transmit (e.g., feedback) prediction results to the network node. The network node may use the prediction results, for example, for early setup of high-performance narrow beams. In a first example, the UE may feedback the prediction results via a MAC-CE. The MAC-CE may be transmitted via one or more source cells that are outside of the target LTM candidate cell to be switched to in accordance with the LTM cell switch command. Additionally, or alternatively, the MAC-CE may be transmitted via one or more target LTM candidate cells once the UE has an available uplink grant in the target LTM candidate cells (e.g., in accordance with a network node implementation) . This example may be suitable for one-shot feedback scenarios and for identifying initial TCI states when the UE is first switched to the target LTM candidate cells, where the MAC-CE provides better reliability. In a second example, the UE may feedback the prediction results in accordance with an RRC configuration and via a CSI report. The UE may be configured with a CSI report setting associated with the CPRs and CMRs, where a report quantity indicator (reportQuantity) includes at least the channel characteristics predicted for the CPRs. The RRC configuration may be based at least in part on a configuration of a single CSI report setting for all target LTM candidate cells of a plurality of target LTM candidate cells, where different target LTM candidate cells are associated with different CPRs and CMRs. The UE may adaptively identify an appropriate CSI payload in accordance with the target LTM candidate cell indicated by the LTM cell switch MAC-CE command. Alternatively, the RRC configuration may be based at least on part on a respective CSI report setting for each target candidate LTM cell of the plurality of target LTM candidate cells. The UE may identify an appropriate CSI report to feedback to the network node in accordance with the specific target LTM candidate cells indicated by the LTM cell switch MAC-CE command. In some cases, the CSI report may be transmitted via one or more serving cells that are outside of the target LTM candidate cells to be switched to, or via one or more of the target LTM candidate cells, as described above. This example may be suitable for multi-shot feedback scenarios and for allowing the network node to better track variations of the TCI states, where a reliability of the CSI reports is lower than a reliability of the MAC-CE.
[0105] As indicated above, Fig. 6 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 6.
[0106] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example 700 of UE mobility beam prediction, in accordance with the present disclosure. The UE 120 may communicate with the network node 110. In some aspects, the network node 110 may be associated with a source cell that acts as a current active serving cell for the UE 120.
[0107] In some aspects, the UE 120 may be configured with one or more mobility configurations. Each mobility configuration may indicate one or more candidate target cells that can be switched to from the source cell via a cell switch command. In some examples, the one or more mobility configurations may be one or more LTM configurations, and each LTM configuration may indicate one or more target cells that can be switched to from the source cell via an LTM cell switch command. The LTM cell switch command may be an LTM cell switch MAC-CE command.
[0108] As shown by reference number 705, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, network assistance information associated with at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction. The spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction may be associated with a mobility from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells. For example, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction may be associated with an LTM procedure. The network assistance information may indicate at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value (as described in more detail below) . The spatial beam prediction and the temporal beam prediction may be associated with at least one of an L1 RSRP, an L1 SINR, a top number of L1 RSRP resources, or a top number of SINR resources. The L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, top number of RSRP resources, and top number of SINR resources may be based at least in part on one or more SSBs associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or one or more virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells. In some aspects, the network assistance information may be used by the UE to determine whether and / or how the UE 120 is to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction.
[0109] In some aspects, the network assistance information may indicate a distribution of a backhaul delay between the source cell and a target cell of the one or more candidate target cells. The distribution may be, for example, an average distribution of the backhaul delay or a standard distribution of the backhaul delay. This may assist the UE 120 with determining whether to activate temporal beam prediction. In some examples, the delay may be based at least in part on a single-trip delay from the source cell to the target cell. In some other examples, the delay may be based at least in part on a round-trip delay between the source cell and the target cell. The UE 120 may determine whether to use the single-trip delay or the round-trip delay based at least in part on a UE configuration and / or based at least in part on information included in the network assistance information.
[0110] In some aspects, the network assistance information may indicate a target L1 RSRP level (e.g., a desired L1 RSRP level) . In some aspects, the target L1 RSRP level may be indicated in accordance with a highest L1 RSRP of a plurality of L1 RSRPs already measured from the SSBs with respect to the plurality of candidate target cells. This may assist the UE 120 with determining whether to activate spatial beam prediction or whether to activate spatial beam prediction and temporal beam prediction. In one example, the UE may have measured L1 RSRPs with respect to the plurality of candidate target cells, and may have reported the measurements back to the network node 110. However, such measured L1 RSRP levels may lead to degraded throughput performance compared to the source cell (e.g., where data was transmitted in accordance with narrow beams) . In this case, the network node 110 may signal the target L1 RSRP level to the UE 120, which may assist the UE 120 with determining whether the UE 120 is to perform spatial beam prediction and / or temporal beam prediction to avoid throughput interruption. In some aspects, the target L1 RSRP level may be based at least in part on an indication of an SSB identifier associated with a highest L1 RSRP measurement of a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements, and / or may be based at least in part on an indication of a target spectral efficiency (SE) value.
[0111] In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit the network assistance information via a broadcast message within the source cell. In this example, the network assistance information may be associated with system information associated with the source cell. In some other aspects, the network node 110 may transmit a groupcast message that includes the network assistance information to a plurality of UEs within the source cell. In this example, the network assistance information may be associated with a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) communication scheduled by UE-group-common downlink-grant downlink control information (DCI) . In some other aspects, the network node 110 may transmit a unicast message to the UE 120 that includes the network assistance information. In this example, the network assistance information may be associated with a UE-specific or a cell-specific RRC configuration of the associated source cell.
[0112] In some aspects, the network assistance information may be indicated by mobility configuration information (e.g., LTM configuration information) regarding one or more target cells of the plurality of candidate target cells. Additionally, or alternatively, the network assistance information may be indicated by UE-specific or cell-specific RRC configuration information associated with the source cell. In some aspects, the network assistance information may be signaled via an RRC message or a MAC-CE prior to the UE receiving a cell switch command (e.g., an LTM cell switch MAC-CE command) . In some other aspects, the network assistance information may be included in the cell switch command (e.g., the LTM cell switch MAC-CE command) .
[0113] In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit the network assistance information without receiving a request from the UE 120 for the network assistance information. For example, the network node 110 may determine whether to transmit the network assistance information to certain UEs without expecting UE requests for the network assistance information. In some other aspects, the network node 110 may transmit the network assistance information in accordance with a request from one or more UEs for the network assistance information. For example, the network assistance information may be signaled based at least in part on a UE request for the network assistance information, where the UE request for the network assistance information is included in a MAC-CE, system request, or uplink control information (e.g., before or after the UE receives the LTM cell switch command) .
[0114] As shown by reference number 710, the UE 120 may identify whether to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information. In some aspects, identifying whether to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction may include determining or identifying whether to perform the spatial beam prediction, the temporal beam prediction, or the spatial beam prediction and the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information.
[0115] In some aspects, the network node 110 may trigger a spatial beam prediction and / or a temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a first number of SSBs or virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells. The trigger may be included, for example, in a cell switch command. In this example, the spatial beam prediction and / or the temporal beam prediction may be based at least in part on a second number of SSBs (or CSI-RSs) associated with the source cell and the plurality of candidate target cells. In some other aspects, the network node 110 may trigger spatial beam prediction and / or temporal beam prediction regarding a certain number of SSBs or virtual resources associated with certain target cells of the plurality of candidate target cells before the UE 120 received the cell switch command.
[0116] In some aspects, for example, if the UE 120 is to report the prediction results via a MAC-CE to the source cell (s) and / or to report the prediction results via a Message A or a Message 3 physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication to the plurality of candidate target cells, the UE 120 may perform the spatial beam prediction and / or the temporal beam prediction, and / or may report results associated with the spatial beam prediction and / or the temporal beam prediction, in accordance with a UE implementation and / or in accordance with the network assistance information. In some other aspects, for example, if the UE 120 is to report the prediction results via a CSI report that is activated or triggered by the cell switch command or that is activated or triggered by conventional signals (e.g., MAC-CE or DCI) , the corresponding CSI payload may include reserved code points indicating that the UE 120 did not perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction. The UE 120 may determine whether to transmit the reserved code points in accordance with the network assistance information. In some other aspects, for example, if the UE 120 determines to perform the spatial beam prediction and / or the temporal beam prediction, the UE 120 may (autonomously) determine a last measurement occasion associated with the second number of SSBs (or CSI-RSs) associated with the source cell or the plurality of candidate target cells, and / or may determine one or more future occasions for performing a temporal beam prediction, in accordance with the network assistance information.
[0117] As shown by reference number 715, the UE 120 may perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information. For example, the UE 120 may perform the spatial beam prediction, the temporal beam prediction, or the spatial beam prediction and the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information and one or more conditions. Alternatively, the UE 120 may refrain from performing the spatial beam prediction, the temporal beam prediction, or the spatial beam prediction and the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information and the one or more conditions.
[0118] As shown by reference number 720, the UE 120 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, beam prediction results. The beam prediction results may include, for example, a spatial beam prediction result, a temporal beam prediction result, or both a spatial beam prediction result and a temporal beam prediction result, performed in accordance with the network assistance information, as described herein.
[0119] As indicated above, Fig. 7 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 7.
[0120] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example 800 of spatial beam prediction and temporal beam prediction, in accordance with the present disclosure. As described above in connection with reference number 705 of Fig. 7, a UE may receive network assistance information from a network node that indicates for the UE to perform at least one of spatial beam prediction or temporal beam prediction.
[0121] As shown by reference number 805, the UE may determine to perform SD and / or TD beam prediction in accordance with a recent backhaul delay distribution between a source cell and a target cell being large, and in accordance with the UE having a sufficient computational and thermal budget. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may determine to perform SD and / or TD beam prediction in accordance with a difference between a target L1 RSRP or SE and an L1 RSRP or SE associated with a recent SSB measured from the target cell being large, and in accordance with the UE having a sufficient computational and thermal budget. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may determine to perform SD and / or TD beam prediction in accordance with a recent backhaul delay distribution between a source cell and a target cell being large, and in accordance with the UE demanding a seamless handover for urgent and high uplink throughput. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may determine to perform SD and / or TD beam prediction in accordance with a difference between a target L1 RSRP or SE and an L1 RSRP or SE associated with a recent SSB measured from the target cell being large, and in accordance with the UE demanding a seamless handover for urgent and high uplink throughput.
[0122] As shown by reference number 810, the UE may determine not to perform SD or TD beam prediction in accordance with the UE having a restricted computational and thermal budget (e.g., regardless of whether a recent backhaul delay distribution between a source cell and a target cell being small or large, and regardless of whether a difference between a target L1 RSRP or SE and an L1 RSRP or SE associated with a recent SSB measured from the target cell being high or low) . Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may determine not to perform SD or TD beam prediction in accordance with the UE not demanding a seamless handover for urgent and high uplink throughput (e.g., regardless of whether a recent backhaul delay distribution between a source cell and a target cell being small or large, and regardless of whether a difference between a target L1 RSRP or SE and an L1 RSRP or SE associated with a recent SSB measured from the target cell being high or low) .
[0123] As indicated above, Fig. 8 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 8.
[0124] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example process 900 performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 900 is an example where the apparatus or the UE (e.g., UE 120) performs operations associated with techniques for user equipment mobility beam prediction.
[0125] As shown in Fig. 9, in some aspects, process 900 may include receiving network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value (block 910) . For example, the UE (e.g., using reception component 1102 and / or communication manager 1106, depicted in Fig. 11) may receive network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value, as described above.
[0126] As further shown in Fig. 9, in some aspects, process 900 may include identifying whether to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information (block 920) . For example, the UE (e.g., using communication manager 1106, depicted in Fig. 11) may perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information, as described above.
[0127] Process 900 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0128] In a first aspect, process 900 includes performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more conditions indicated in the network assistance information being satisfied.
[0129] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 900 includes refraining from performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more conditions indicated in the network assistance information not being satisfied.
[0130] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the spatial beam prediction and the temporal beam prediction are associated with at least one of a L1 RSRP, an L1 SINR, a top number of L1 RSRP resources, or a top number of SINR resources, wherein the L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, top number of RSRP resources, and top number of SINR resources are based at least in part on one or more SSBs associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or one or more virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.
[0131] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the mobility from the source cell to the target cell of the plurality of candidate target cells is a lower-layer triggered mobility.
[0132] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, process 900 includes obtaining one or more mobility configurations, each mobility configuration of the one or more mobility configurations indicating at least one target cell, of the plurality of candidate target cells, that can be switched to from the source cell using a cell switch command.
[0133] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the network assistance information indicates a distribution of a backhaul delay between the source cell and the target cell.
[0134] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the distribution of the backhaul delay between the source cell and the source cell is at least one of an average of the backhaul delay or a standard deviation of the backhaul delay.
[0135] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the backhaul delay is based at least in part on a single-trip delay from the source cell to the target cell.
[0136] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the backhaul delay is based at least in part on a round-trip delay between the source cell and the target cell.
[0137] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the distribution of the backhaul delay is based at least in part on a duration that is prior to receiving the network assistance information, wherein a length of the duration, a starting point of the duration, or an ending point of the duration is configured in the UE or is received via the network assistance information.
[0138] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the network assistance information indicates a target L1 RSRP value.
[0139] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the target L1 RSRP value is indicated in accordance with a highest L1 RSRP measurement of a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements associated with a plurality of synchronization signal block resources.
[0140] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the target L1 RSRP value is based at least in part on an indication of a synchronization signal block identifier associated with a highest L1 RSRP measurement of a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements associated with a plurality of synchronization signal block resources, or is based at least in part on a target spectral efficiency value.
[0141] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, receiving the network assistance information comprises receiving the network assistance information from the source cell via a broadcast message.
[0142] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, receiving the network assistance information comprises receiving the network assistance information from the source cell via a groupcast message.
[0143] In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, receiving the network assistance information comprises receiving the network assistance information from the source cell via a unicast message.
[0144] In a seventeenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixteenth aspects, receiving the network assistance information comprises receiving a radio resource control message or a medium access control message that includes the network assistance information prior to receiving a cell switch command that indicates to switch from the source cell to the target cell.
[0145] In an eighteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventeenth aspects, receiving the network assistance information comprises receiving a cell switch command that indicates to switch from the source cell to the target cell and that includes an indication of the network assistance information.
[0146] In a nineteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighteenth aspects, receiving the network assistance information comprises receiving the network assistance information without transmitting a request for the network assistance information.
[0147] In a twentieth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through nineteenth aspects, process 900 includes transmitting a request for the network assistance information, wherein receiving the network assistance information comprises receiving the network assistance information in accordance with the request for the network assistance information.
[0148] In a twenty-first aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twentieth aspects, process 900 includes receiving a cell switch command that indicates for the UE to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a first number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a first number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells. Additionally, process 900 includes performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a second number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a second number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.
[0149] In a twenty-second aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-first aspects, process 900 includes receiving, prior to receiving a cell switch command, an indication to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.
[0150] In a twenty-third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-second aspects, process 900 includes identifying, in accordance with the network assistance information, whether to transmit a medium access control message, a Message 3 physical uplink shared channel communication, or a Message A physical uplink shared channel communication that includes an indication of the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction.
[0151] In a twenty-fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-third aspects, process 900 includes identifying, in accordance with the network assistance information, whether to transmit a channel state information payload that includes one or more code points indicating that the UE did not perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction.
[0152] In a twenty-fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-fourth aspects, process 900 includes identifying, in accordance with the network assistance information, and in accordance with performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction, at least one of a most recent measurement occasion of a plurality of measurement occasions based at least in part on a number of synchronization signal block resources or a time occasion for performing a next temporal beam prediction.
[0153] Although Fig. 9 shows example blocks of process 900, in some aspects, process 900 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 9. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 900 may be performed in parallel.
[0154] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1000 performed, for example, at a network node or an apparatus of a network node, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1000 is an example where the apparatus or the network node (e.g., network node 110) performs operations associated with techniques for user equipment mobility beam prediction.
[0155] As shown in Fig. 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include generating network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility of a UE from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value (block 1010) . For example, the network node (e.g., using communication manager 1206, depicted in Fig. 12) may generate network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility of a UE from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value, as described above.
[0156] As further shown in Fig. 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include transmitting the network assistance information (block 1020) . For example, the network node (e.g., using transmission component 1204 and / or communication manager 1206, depicted in Fig. 12) may transmit the network assistance information, as described above.
[0157] Process 1000 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0158] In a first aspect, the spatial beam prediction and the temporal beam prediction are associated with at least one of a L1 RSRP, an L1 SINR, a top number of L1 RSRP resources, or a top number of SINR resources, wherein the L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, top number of RSRP resources, and top number of SINR resources are based at least in part on one or more SSBs associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or one or more virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.
[0159] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the mobility from the source cell to the target cell of the plurality of candidate target cells is a lower-layer triggered mobility.
[0160] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, process 1000 includes transmitting one or more mobility configurations, each mobility configuration of the one or more mobility configurations indicating at least one target cell, of the plurality of candidate target cells, that can be switched to from the source cell using a cell switch command.
[0161] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the network assistance information indicates a distribution of a backhaul delay between the source cell and the target cell.
[0162] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the distribution of the backhaul delay between the source cell and the source cell is at least one of an average of the backhaul delay or a standard deviation of the backhaul delay.
[0163] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the backhaul delay is based at least in part on a single-trip delay from the source cell to the target cell.
[0164] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the backhaul delay is based at least in part on a round-trip delay between the source cell and the target cell.
[0165] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the distribution of the backhaul delay is based at least in part on a duration that is prior to transmitting the network assistance information, wherein a length of the duration, a starting point of the duration, or an ending point of the duration is configured or is transmitted via the network assistance information.
[0166] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the network assistance information indicates a target L1 RSRP value.
[0167] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the target L1 RSRP value is indicated in accordance with a highest L1 RSRP measurement of a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements associated with a plurality of synchronization signal block resources.
[0168] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the target L1 RSRP value is based at least in part on an indication of a synchronization signal block identifier associated with a highest L1 RSRP measurement of a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements associated with a plurality of synchronization signal block resources, or is based at least in part on a target spectral efficiency value.
[0169] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, transmitting the network assistance information comprises transmitting a broadcast message within the source cell that includes the network assistance information.
[0170] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, transmitting the network assistance information comprises transmitting a groupcast message, to a plurality of UEs within the source cell, that includes the network assistance information.
[0171] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, transmitting the network assistance information comprises transmitting a unicast message that includes the network assistance information.
[0172] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, transmitting the network assistance information comprises transmitting a radio resource control message or a medium access control message that includes the network assistance information prior to transmitting a cell switch command that indicates to switch from the source cell to the target cell.
[0173] In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, transmitting the network assistance information comprises transmitting a cell switch command that indicates to switch from the source cell to the target cell and that includes an indication of the network assistance information.
[0174] In a seventeenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixteenth aspects, transmitting the network assistance information comprises transmitting the network assistance information without receiving a request for the network assistance information.
[0175] In an eighteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventeenth aspects, process 1000 includes receiving a request for the network assistance information, wherein transmitting the network assistance information comprises transmitting the network assistance information in accordance with the request for the network assistance information.
[0176] In a nineteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighteenth aspects, process 1000 includes transmitting a cell switch command that indicates for the UE to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a first number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a first number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells, wherein the first number of synchronization signal block resources is different than a second number of synchronization signal block resources to be used by the UE for performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction, and the first number of virtual resources is different than a second number of virtual resources to be used by the UE for performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction.
[0177] In a twentieth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through nineteenth aspects, process 1000 includes transmitting, prior to transmitting a cell switch command, an indication to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.
[0178] Although Fig. 10 shows example blocks of process 1000, in some aspects, process 1000 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 10. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1000 may be performed in parallel.
[0179] Fig. 11 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1100 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1100 may be a UE, or a UE may include the apparatus 1100. In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 includes a reception component 1102, a transmission component 1104, and / or a communication manager 1106, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1106 is the communication manager 140 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1100 may communicate with another apparatus 1108, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1102 and the transmission component 1104.
[0180] In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 7-8. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 900 of Fig. 9. In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 11 may include one or more components of the UE described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 11 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0181] The reception component 1102 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1108. The reception component 1102 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1100. In some aspects, the reception component 1102 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1100. In some aspects, the reception component 1102 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with Fig. 2.
[0182] The transmission component 1104 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1100 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1104 for transmission to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 may be co-located with the reception component 1102 in one or more transceivers.
[0183] The communication manager 1106 may support operations of the reception component 1102 and / or the transmission component 1104. For example, the communication manager 1106 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1102 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1104. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1106 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1102 and / or the transmission component 1104 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0184] The reception component 1102 may receive network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value. The communication manager 1106 may perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information. The reception component 1102 may obtain one or more mobility configurations, each mobility configuration of the one or more mobility configurations indicating at least one target cell, of the plurality of candidate target cells, that can be switched to from the source cell using a cell switch command. The transmission component 1104 may transmit a request for the network assistance information, wherein receiving the network assistance information comprises receiving the network assistance information in accordance with the request for the network assistance information. The reception component 1102 may receive a cell switch command that indicates for the UE to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a first number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a first number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells. The reception component 1102 may receive, prior to receiving a cell switch command, an indication to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells. The communication manager 1106 may identify, in accordance with the network assistance information, whether to transmit a medium access control message, a Message 3 physical uplink shared channel communication, or a Message A physical uplink shared channel communication that includes an indication of the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction. The communication manager 1106 may identify, in accordance with the network assistance information, whether to transmit a channel state information payload that includes one or more code points indicating that the UE did not perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction. The communication manager 1106 may identify, in accordance with the network assistance information, and in accordance with performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction, at least one of a most recent measurement occasion of a plurality of measurement occasions based at least in part on a number of synchronization signal block resources or a time occasion for performing a next temporal beam prediction.
[0185] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 11 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 11. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 11 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 11 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 11 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 11.
[0186] Fig. 12 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1200 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1200 may be a network node, or a network node may include the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 includes a reception component 1202, a transmission component 1204, and / or a communication manager 1206, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1206 is the communication manager 150 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1200 may communicate with another apparatus 1208, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1202 and the transmission component 1204.
[0187] In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 7-8. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1000 of Fig. 10. In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 12 may include one or more components of the network node described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 12 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0188] The reception component 1202 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1208. The reception component 1202 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the network node described in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 and / or the transmission component 1204 may include or may be included in a network interface. The network interface may be configured to obtain and / or output signals for the apparatus 1200 via one or more communications links, such as a backhaul link, a midhaul link, and / or a fronthaul link.
[0189] The transmission component 1204 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1200 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1204 for transmission to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the network node described in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may be co-located with the reception component 1202 in one or more transceivers.
[0190] The communication manager 1206 may support operations of the reception component 1202 and / or the transmission component 1204. For example, the communication manager 1206 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1202 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1204. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1206 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1202 and / or the transmission component 1204 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0191] The communication manager 1206 may generate network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility of a UE from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target L1 RSRP value. The transmission component 1204 may transmit the network assistance information. The transmission component 1204 may transmit one or more mobility configurations, each mobility configuration of the one or more mobility configurations indicating at least one target cell, of the plurality of candidate target cells, that can be switched to from the source cell using a cell switch command. The reception component 1202 may receive a request for the network assistance information, wherein transmitting the network assistance information comprises transmitting the network assistance information in accordance with the request for the network assistance information. The transmission component 1204 may transmit a cell switch command that indicates for the UE to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a first number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a first number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells, wherein the first number of synchronization signal block resources is different than a second number of synchronization signal block resources to be used by the UE for performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction, and the first number of virtual resources is different than a second number of virtual resources to be used by the UE for performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction. The transmission component 1204 may transmit, prior to transmitting a cell switch command, an indication to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.
[0192] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 12 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 12. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 12 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 12 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 12 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 12.
[0193] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:
[0194] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising: receiving network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target Layer 1 (L1) reference signal received power (RSRP) value; and identifying whether to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information.
[0195] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, further comprising performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more conditions indicated in the network assistance information being satisfied.
[0196] Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1-2, further comprising refraining from performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more conditions indicated in the network assistance information not being satisfied.
[0197] Aspect 4: The method of any of Aspects 1-3, wherein the spatial beam prediction and the temporal beam prediction are associated with at least one of an L1 RSRP, an L1 signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) , a top number of L1 RSRP resources, or a top number of SINR resources, wherein the L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, top number of RSRP resources, and top number of SINR resources are based at least in part on one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or one or more virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.
[0198] Aspect 5: The method of any of Aspects 1-4, wherein the mobility from the source cell to the target cell of the plurality of candidate target cells is a lower-layer triggered mobility.
[0199] Aspect 6: The method of any of Aspects 1-5, further comprising obtaining one or more mobility configurations, each mobility configuration of the one or more mobility configurations indicating at least one target cell, of the plurality of candidate target cells, that can be switched to from the source cell using a cell switch command.
[0200] Aspect 7: The method of any of Aspects 1-6, wherein the network assistance information indicates the backhaul delay characteristic, wherein the backhaul delay characteristic corresponds to a distribution of a backhaul delay between the source cell and the target cell.
[0201] Aspect 8: The method of Aspect 7, wherein the distribution of the backhaul delay between the source cell and the source cell is at least one of an average of the backhaul delay or a standard deviation of the backhaul delay.
[0202] Aspect 9: The method of Aspect 7, wherein the backhaul delay is based at least in part on a single-trip delay from the source cell to the target cell.
[0203] Aspect 10: The method of Aspect 7, wherein the backhaul delay is based at least in part on a round-trip delay between the source cell and the target cell.
[0204] Aspect 11: The method of Aspect 7, wherein the distribution of the backhaul delay is based at least in part on a duration that is prior to receiving the network assistance information, wherein a length of the duration, a starting point of the duration, or an ending point of the duration is configured in the UE or is received via the network assistance information.
[0205] Aspect 12: The method of any of Aspects 1-11, wherein the network assistance information indicates the target L1 RSRP value.
[0206] Aspect 13: The method of Aspect 12, wherein the target L1 RSRP value is indicated in accordance with a highest L1 RSRP measurement of a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements associated with a plurality of synchronization signal block resources.
[0207] Aspect 14: The method of Aspect 12, wherein the target L1 RSRP value is based at least in part on an indication of a synchronization signal block identifier associated with a highest L1 RSRP measurement of a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements associated with a plurality of synchronization signal block resources, or is based at least in part on a target spectral efficiency value.
[0208] Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspects 1-14, wherein receiving the network assistance information comprises receiving the network assistance information from the source cell via a broadcast message.
[0209] Aspect 16: The method of any of Aspects 1-15, wherein receiving the network assistance information comprises receiving the network assistance information from the source cell via a groupcast message.
[0210] Aspect 17: The method of any of Aspects 1-16, wherein receiving the network assistance information comprises receiving the network assistance information from the source cell via a unicast message.
[0211] Aspect 18: The method of any of Aspects 1-17, wherein receiving the network assistance information comprises receiving a radio resource control message or a medium access control message that includes the network assistance information prior to receiving a cell switch command that indicates to switch from the source cell to the target cell.
[0212] Aspect 19: The method of any of Aspects 1-18, wherein receiving the network assistance information comprises receiving a cell switch command that indicates to switch from the source cell to the target cell and that includes an indication of the network assistance information.
[0213] Aspect 20: The method of any of Aspects 1-19, wherein receiving the network assistance information comprises receiving the network assistance information without transmitting a request for the network assistance information.
[0214] Aspect 21: The method of any of Aspects 1-20, further comprising transmitting a request for the network assistance information, wherein receiving the network assistance information comprises receiving the network assistance information in accordance with the request for the network assistance information.
[0215] Aspect 22: The method of any of Aspects 1-21, further comprising receiving a cell switch command that indicates for the UE to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a first number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a first number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells; and performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a second number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a second number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.
[0216] Aspect 23: The method of any of Aspects 1-22, further comprising receiving, prior to receiving a cell switch command, an indication to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.
[0217] Aspect 24: The method of any of Aspects 1-23, further comprising identifying, in accordance with the network assistance information, whether to transmit a medium access control message, a Message 3 physical uplink shared channel communication, or a Message A physical uplink shared channel communication that includes an indication of the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction.
[0218] Aspect 25: The method of any of Aspects 1-24, further comprising identifying, in accordance with the network assistance information, whether to transmit a channel state information payload that includes one or more code points indicating that the UE did not perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction.
[0219] Aspect 26: The method of any of Aspects 1-25, further comprising identifying, in accordance with the network assistance information, and in accordance with performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction, at least one of a most recent measurement occasion of a plurality of measurement occasions based at least in part on a number of synchronization signal block resources or a time occasion for performing a next temporal beam prediction.
[0220] Aspect 27: A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, comprising: generating network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility of a user equipment (UE) from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target Layer 1 (L1) reference signal received power (RSRP) value; and transmitting the network assistance information.
[0221] Aspect 28: The method of Aspect 27, wherein the spatial beam prediction and the temporal beam prediction are associated with at least one of an L1 RSRP, an L1 signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) , a top number of L1 RSRP resources, or a top number of SINR resources, wherein the L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, top number of RSRP resources, and top number of SINR resources are based at least in part on one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or one or more virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.
[0222] Aspect 29: The method of any of Aspects 27-28, wherein the mobility from the source cell to the target cell of the plurality of candidate target cells is a lower-layer triggered mobility.
[0223] Aspect 30: The method of any of Aspects 27-29, further comprising transmitting one or more mobility configurations, each mobility configuration of the one or more mobility configurations indicating at least one target cell, of the plurality of candidate target cells, that can be switched to from the source cell using a cell switch command.
[0224] Aspect 31: The method of any of Aspects 27-30, wherein the network assistance information indicates the backhaul delay characteristic, wherein the backhaul delay characteristic corresponds to a distribution of a backhaul delay between the source cell and the target cell.
[0225] Aspect 32: The method of Aspect 31, wherein the distribution of the backhaul delay between the source cell and the source cell is at least one of an average of the backhaul delay or a standard deviation of the backhaul delay.
[0226] Aspect 33: The method of Aspect 31, wherein the backhaul delay is based at least in part on a single-trip delay from the source cell to the target cell.
[0227] Aspect 34: The method of Aspect 31, wherein the backhaul delay is based at least in part on a round-trip delay between the source cell and the target cell.
[0228] Aspect 35: The method of Aspect 31, wherein the distribution of the backhaul delay is based at least in part on a duration that is prior to transmitting the network assistance information, wherein a length of the duration, a starting point of the duration, or an ending point of the duration is configured or is transmitted via the network assistance information.
[0229] Aspect 36: The method of any of Aspects 27-35, wherein the network assistance information indicates the target L1 RSRP value.
[0230] Aspect 37: The method of Aspect 36, wherein the target L1 RSRP value is indicated in accordance with a highest L1 RSRP measurement of a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements associated with a plurality of synchronization signal block resources.
[0231] Aspect 38: The method of Aspect 36, wherein the target L1 RSRP value is based at least in part on an indication of a synchronization signal block identifier associated with a highest L1 RSRP measurement of a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements associated with a plurality of synchronization signal block resources, or is based at least in part on a target spectral efficiency value.
[0232] Aspect 39: The method of any of Aspects 27-38, wherein transmitting the network assistance information comprises transmitting a broadcast message within the source cell that includes the network assistance information.
[0233] Aspect 40: The method of any of Aspects 27-39, wherein transmitting the network assistance information comprises transmitting a groupcast message, to a plurality of UEs within the source cell, that includes the network assistance information.
[0234] Aspect 41: The method of any of Aspects 27-40, wherein transmitting the network assistance information comprises transmitting a unicast message that includes the network assistance information.
[0235] Aspect 42: The method of any of Aspects 27-41, wherein transmitting the network assistance information comprises transmitting a radio resource control message or a medium access control message that includes the network assistance information prior to transmitting a cell switch command that indicates to switch from the source cell to the target cell.
[0236] Aspect 43: The method of any of Aspects 27-42, wherein transmitting the network assistance information comprises transmitting a cell switch command that indicates to switch from the source cell to the target cell and that includes an indication of the network assistance information.
[0237] Aspect 44: The method of any of Aspects 27-43, wherein transmitting the network assistance information comprises transmitting the network assistance information without receiving a request for the network assistance information.
[0238] Aspect 45: The method of any of Aspects 27-44, further comprising receiving a request for the network assistance information, wherein transmitting the network assistance information comprises transmitting the network assistance information in accordance with the request for the network assistance information.
[0239] Aspect 46: The method of any of Aspects 27-45, further comprising transmitting a cell switch command that indicates for the UE to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a first number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a first number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells, wherein the first number of synchronization signal block resources is different than a second number of synchronization signal block resources to be used by the UE for performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction, and the first number of virtual resources is different than a second number of virtual resources to be used by the UE for performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction.
[0240] Aspect 47: The method of any of Aspects 27-46, further comprising transmitting, prior to transmitting a cell switch command, an indication to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.
[0241] Aspect 48: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising: receiving network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target Layer 1 (L1) reference signal received power (RSRP) value; and performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information.
[0242] Aspect 49: The method of Aspect 48, further comprising identifying whether to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information.
[0243] Aspect 50: The method of any of Aspects 48-49, wherein performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information comprises performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more conditions indicated in the network assistance information being satisfied.
[0244] Aspect 51: The method of any of Aspects 48-50, wherein the spatial beam prediction and the temporal beam prediction are associated with at least one of an L1 RSRP, an L1 signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) , a top number of L1 RSRP resources, or a top number of SINR resources, wherein the L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, top number of RSRP resources, and top number of SINR resources are based at least in part on one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or one or more virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.
[0245] Aspect 52: The method of any of Aspects 48-51, wherein the mobility from the source cell to the target cell of the plurality of candidate target cells is a lower-layer triggered mobility.
[0246] Aspect 53: The method of any of Aspects 48-52, further comprising obtaining one or more mobility configurations, each mobility configuration of the one or more mobility configurations indicating at least one target cell, of the plurality of candidate target cells, that can be switched to from the source cell using a cell switch command.
[0247] Aspect 54: The method of any of Aspects 48-53, wherein the network assistance information indicates the backhaul delay characteristic, wherein the backhaul delay characteristic corresponds to a distribution of a backhaul delay between the source cell and the target cell.
[0248] Aspect 55: The method of Aspect 54, wherein the distribution of the backhaul delay between the source cell and the source cell is at least one of an average of the backhaul delay or a standard deviation of the backhaul delay.
[0249] Aspect 56: The method of Aspect 54, wherein the backhaul delay is based at least in part on a single-trip delay from the source cell to the target cell.
[0250] Aspect 57: The method of Aspect 54, wherein the backhaul delay is based at least in part on a round-trip delay between the source cell and the target cell.
[0251] Aspect 58: The method of Aspect 54, wherein the distribution of the backhaul delay is based at least in part on a duration that is prior to receiving the network assistance information, wherein a length of the duration, a starting point of the duration, or an ending point of the duration is configured in the UE or is received via the network assistance information.
[0252] Aspect 59: The method of any of Aspects 48-58, wherein the network assistance information indicates the target L1 RSRP value.
[0253] Aspect 60: The method of Aspect 59, wherein the target L1 RSRP value is indicated in accordance with a highest L1 RSRP measurement of a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements associated with a plurality of synchronization signal block resources.
[0254] Aspect 61: The method of Aspect 59, wherein the target L1 RSRP value is based at least in part on an indication of a synchronization signal block identifier associated with a highest L1 RSRP measurement of a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements associated with a plurality of synchronization signal block resources, or is based at least in part on a target spectral efficiency value.
[0255] Aspect 62: The method of any of Aspects 48-61, wherein receiving the network assistance information comprises receiving the network assistance information from the source cell via a broadcast message.
[0256] Aspect 63: The method of any of Aspects 48-62, wherein receiving the network assistance information comprises receiving the network assistance information from the source cell via a groupcast message.
[0257] Aspect 64: The method of any of Aspects 48-63, wherein receiving the network assistance information comprises receiving the network assistance information from the source cell via a unicast message.
[0258] Aspect 65: The method of any of Aspects 48-64, wherein receiving the network assistance information comprises receiving a radio resource control message or a medium access control message that includes the network assistance information prior to receiving a cell switch command that indicates to switch from the source cell to the target cell.
[0259] Aspect 66: The method of any of Aspects 48-65, wherein receiving the network assistance information comprises receiving a cell switch command that indicates to switch from the source cell to the target cell and that includes an indication of the network assistance information.
[0260] Aspect 67: The method of any of Aspects 48-66, wherein receiving the network assistance information comprises receiving the network assistance information without transmitting a request for the network assistance information.
[0261] Aspect 68: The method of any of Aspects 48-67, further comprising transmitting a request for the network assistance information, wherein receiving the network assistance information comprises receiving the network assistance information in accordance with the request for the network assistance information.
[0262] Aspect 69: The method of any of Aspects 48-68, further comprising receiving a cell switch command that indicates for the UE to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a first number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a first number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells, wherein performing the beam management in accordance with the network assistance information comprises performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a second number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a second number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.
[0263] Aspect 70: The method of any of Aspects 48-69, further comprising receiving, prior to receiving a cell switch command, an indication to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.
[0264] Aspect 71: The method of any of Aspects 48-70, further comprising identifying, in accordance with the network assistance information, whether to transmit a medium access control message, a Message 3 physical uplink shared channel communication, or a Message A physical uplink shared channel communication that includes an indication of the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction.
[0265] Aspect 72: The method of any of Aspects 48-71, further comprising identifying, in accordance with the network assistance information, whether to transmit a channel state information payload that includes one or more code points indicating that the UE did not perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction.
[0266] Aspect 73: The method of any of Aspects 48-72, further comprising identifying, in accordance with the network assistance information, and in accordance with performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction, at least one of a most recent measurement occasion of a plurality of measurement occasions based at least in part on a number of synchronization signal block resources or a time occasion for performing a next temporal beam prediction.
[0267] Aspect 74: A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, comprising: generating network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility of a user equipment (UE) from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target Layer 1 (L1) reference signal received power (RSRP) value; and transmitting the network assistance information.
[0268] Aspect 75: The method of Aspect 74, wherein the spatial beam prediction and the temporal beam prediction are associated with at least one of an L1 RSRP, an L1 signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) , a top number of L1 RSRP resources, or a top number of SINR resources, wherein the L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, top number of RSRP resources, and top number of SINR resources are based at least in part on one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or one or more virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.
[0269] Aspect 76: The method of any of Aspects 74-75, wherein the mobility from the source cell to the target cell of the plurality of candidate target cells is a lower-layer triggered mobility.
[0270] Aspect 77: The method of any of Aspects 74-76, further comprising transmitting one or more mobility configurations, each mobility configuration of the one or more mobility configurations indicating at least one target cell, of the plurality of candidate target cells, that can be switched to from the source cell using a cell switch command.
[0271] Aspect 78: The method of any of Aspects 74-77, wherein the network assistance information indicates the backhaul delay characteristic, wherein the backhaul delay characteristic corresponds to a distribution of a backhaul delay between the source cell and the target cell.
[0272] Aspect 79: The method of Aspect 78, wherein the distribution of the backhaul delay between the source cell and the source cell is at least one of an average of the backhaul delay or a standard deviation of the backhaul delay.
[0273] Aspect 80: The method of Aspect 78, wherein the backhaul delay is based at least in part on a single-trip delay from the source cell to the target cell.
[0274] Aspect 81: The method of Aspect 78, wherein the backhaul delay is based at least in part on a round-trip delay between the source cell and the target cell.
[0275] Aspect 82: The method of Aspect 78, wherein the distribution of the backhaul delay is based at least in part on a duration that is prior to transmitting the network assistance information, wherein a length of the duration, a starting point of the duration, or an ending point of the duration is configured or is transmitted via the network assistance information.
[0276] Aspect 83: The method of any of Aspects 74-82, wherein the network assistance information indicates the target L1 RSRP value.
[0277] Aspect 84: The method of Aspect 83, wherein the target L1 RSRP value is indicated in accordance with a highest L1 RSRP measurement of a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements associated with a plurality of synchronization signal block resources.
[0278] Aspect 85: The method of Aspect 83, wherein the target L1 RSRP value is based at least in part on an indication of a synchronization signal block identifier associated with a highest L1 RSRP measurement of a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements associated with a plurality of synchronization signal block resources, or is based at least in part on a target spectral efficiency value.
[0279] Aspect 86: The method of any of Aspects 74-85, wherein transmitting the network assistance information comprises transmitting a broadcast message within the source cell that includes the network assistance information.
[0280] Aspect 87: The method of any of Aspects 74-86, wherein transmitting the network assistance information comprises transmitting a groupcast message, to a plurality of UEs within the source cell, that includes the network assistance information.
[0281] Aspect 88: The method of any of Aspects 74-87, wherein transmitting the network assistance information comprises transmitting a unicast message that includes the network assistance information.
[0282] Aspect 89: The method of any of Aspects 74-88, wherein transmitting the network assistance information comprises transmitting a radio resource control message or a medium access control message that includes the network assistance information prior to transmitting a cell switch command that indicates to switch from the source cell to the target cell.
[0283] Aspect 90: The method of any of Aspects 74-89, wherein transmitting the network assistance information comprises transmitting a cell switch command that indicates to switch from the source cell to the target cell and that includes an indication of the network assistance information.
[0284] Aspect 91: The method of any of Aspects 74-90, wherein transmitting the network assistance information comprises transmitting the network assistance information without receiving a request for the network assistance information.
[0285] Aspect 92: The method of any of Aspects 74-91, further comprising receiving a request for the network assistance information, wherein transmitting the network assistance information comprises transmitting the network assistance information in accordance with the request for the network assistance information.
[0286] Aspect 93: The method of any of Aspects 74-92, further comprising transmitting a cell switch command that indicates for the UE to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a first number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a first number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells, wherein the first number of synchronization signal block resources is different than a second number of synchronization signal block resources to be used by the UE for performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction, and the first number of virtual resources is different than a second number of virtual resources to be used by the UE for performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction.
[0287] Aspect 94: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-93.
[0288] Aspect 95: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-93.
[0289] Aspect 96: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-93.
[0290] Aspect 97: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-93.
[0291] Aspect 98: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-93.
[0292] Aspect 99: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-93.
[0293] Aspect 100: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-93.
[0294] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.
[0295] As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. As used herein, a processor is implemented in hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. As used herein, the phrase “based on” is intended to be broadly construed to mean “based at least in part on. ” As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold, among other examples. As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c.
[0296] Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items (for example, related items, unrelated items, or a combination of related and unrelated items) , and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” and similar terms are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (for example, an element “having” A also may have B) . Further, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (for example, if used in combination with “either” or “only one of” ) .
[0297] The various illustrative logics, logical blocks, modules, circuits and algorithm processes described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. The interchangeability of hardware and software has been described generally, in terms of functionality, and illustrated in the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits and processes described herein. Whether such functionality is implemented in hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0298] The hardware and data processing apparatus used to implement the various illustrative logics, logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose single-or multi-chip processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor also may be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. In some aspects, particular processes and methods may be performed by circuitry that is specific to a given function.
[0299] In one or more aspects, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, digital electronic circuitry, computer software, firmware, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents thereof, or in any combination thereof. Aspects of the subject matter described in this specification also can be implemented as one or more computer programs (such as one or more modules of computer program instructions) encoded on a computer storage media for execution by, or to control the operation of, a data processing apparatus.
[0300] If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. The processes of a method or algorithm disclosed herein may be implemented in a processor-executable software module which may reside on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that can be enabled to transfer a computer program from one place to another. A storage media may be any available media that may be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that may be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a computer. Also, any connection can be properly termed a computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD) , laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the media described herein should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media. Additionally, the operations of a method or algorithm may reside as one or any combination or set of codes and instructions on a machine readable medium and computer-readable medium, which may be incorporated into a computer program product.
[0301] Various modifications to the aspects described in this disclosure may be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be accorded the widest scope consistent with this disclosure, the principles and the novel features disclosed herein.
[0302] Additionally, a person having ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate, the terms “upper” and “lower” are sometimes used for ease of describing the figures, and indicate relative positions corresponding to the orientation of the figure on a properly oriented page, and may not reflect the proper orientation of any device as implemented.
[0303] Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate aspects also can be implemented in combination in a single aspect. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single aspect also can be implemented in multiple aspects separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.
[0304] Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. Further, the drawings may schematically depict one more example processes in the form of a flow diagram. However, other operations that are not depicted can be incorporated in the example processes that are schematically illustrated. For example, one or more additional operations can be performed before, after, simultaneously, or between any of the illustrated operations. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the aspects described should not be understood as requiring such separation in all aspects, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products. Additionally, other aspects are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve desirable results.
Claims
1.An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) , comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the UE to:receive network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target Layer 1 (L1) reference signal received power (RSRP) value; andperform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to identify whether to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information.3.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors, to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information, are configured to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more conditions indicated in the network assistance information being satisfied.4.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the spatial beam prediction and the temporal beam prediction are associated with at least one of an L1 RSRP, an L1 signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) , a top number of L1 RSRP resources, or a top number of SINR resources, wherein the L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, top number of RSRP resources, and top number of SINR resources are based at least in part on one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or one or more virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.5.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the mobility from the source cell to the target cell of the plurality of candidate target cells is a lower-layer triggered mobility.6.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to obtain one or more mobility configurations, each mobility configuration of the one or more mobility configurations indicating at least one target cell, of the plurality of candidate target cells, that can be switched to from the source cell using a cell switch command.7.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the network assistance information indicates the backhaul delay characteristic, wherein the backhaul delay characteristic corresponds to to a distribution of a backhaul delay between the source cell and the target cell.8.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the distribution of the backhaul delay between the source cell and the source cell is at least one of an average of the backhaul delay or a standard deviation of the backhaul delay.9.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the distribution of the backhaul delay is based at least in part on a duration that is prior to receiving the network assistance information, wherein a length of the duration, a starting point of the duration, or an ending point of the duration is configured in the UE or is received via the network assistance information.10.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the network assistance information indicates the target L1 RSRP value.11.The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the target L1 RSRP value is indicated in accordance with a highest L1 RSRP measurement of a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements associated with a plurality of synchronization signal block resources.12.The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the target L1 RSRP value is based at least in part on an indication of a synchronization signal block identifier associated with a highest L1 RSRP measurement of a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements associated with a plurality of synchronization signal block resources, or is based at least in part on a target spectral efficiency value.13.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to receive a cell switch command that indicates for the UE to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a first number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a first number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells; and wherein the one or more processors are further configured to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a second number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a second number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.14.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to receive, prior to receiving a cell switch command, an indication to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.15.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to identify, in accordance with the network assistance information, whether to transmit a medium access control message, a Message 3 physical uplink shared channel communication, or a Message A physical uplink shared channel communication that includes an indication of the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction.16.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to identify, in accordance with the network assistance information, whether to transmit a channel state information payload that includes one or more code points indicating that the UE did not perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction.17.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to identify, in accordance with the network assistance information, and in accordance with performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction, at least one of a most recent measurement occasion of a plurality of measurement occasions based at least in part on a number of synchronization signal block resources or a time occasion for performing a next temporal beam prediction.18.An apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the network node to:generate network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility of a user equipment (UE) from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target Layer 1 (L1) reference signal received power (RSRP) value; andtransmit the network assistance information.19.The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the spatial beam prediction and the temporal beam prediction are associated with at least one of an L1 RSRP, an L1 signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) , a top number of L1 RSRP resources, or a top number of SINR resources, wherein the L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, top number of RSRP resources, and top number of SINR resources are based at least in part on one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or one or more virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.20.The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the mobility from the source cell to the target cell of the plurality of candidate target cells is a lower-layer triggered mobility.21.The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the network node to transmit one or more mobility configurations, each mobility configuration of the one or more mobility configurations indicating at least one target cell, of the plurality of candidate target cells, that can be switched to from the source cell using a cell switch command.22.The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the network assistance information indicates the backhaul delay characteristic, wherein the backhaul delay characteristic corresponds to a distribution of a backhaul delay between the source cell and the target cell.23.The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the distribution of the backhaul delay between the source cell and the source cell is at least one of an average of the backhaul delay or a standard deviation of the backhaul delay.24.The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the distribution of the backhaul delay is based at least in part on a duration that is prior to transmitting the network assistance information, wherein a length of the duration, a starting point of the duration, or an ending point of the duration is configured or is transmitted via the network assistance information.25.The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the network assistance information indicates the target L1 RSRP value.26.The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the target L1 RSRP value is indicated in accordance with a highest L1 RSRP measurement of a plurality of L1 RSRP measurements associated with a plurality of synchronization signal block resources.27.The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the network node to transmit a cell switch command that indicates for the UE to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a first number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a first number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells, wherein the first number of synchronization signal block resources is different than a second number of synchronization signal block resources to be used by the UE for performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction, and the first number of virtual resources is different than a second number of virtual resources to be used by the UE for performing the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction.28.The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the network node to transmit, prior to transmitting a cell switch command, an indication to perform the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction based at least in part on a number of synchronization signal block resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells or a number of virtual resources associated with the plurality of candidate target cells.29.A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:receiving network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target Layer 1 (L1) reference signal received power (RSRP) value; andperforming the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction in accordance with the network assistance information.30.A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, comprising:generating network assistance information regarding at least one of a spatial beam prediction or a temporal beam prediction, the spatial beam prediction or the temporal beam prediction being associated with a mobility of a user equipment (UE) from a source cell to a target cell of a plurality of candidate target cells, the network assistance information indicating at least one of a backhaul delay characteristic or a target Layer 1 (L1) reference signal received power (RSRP) value; andtransmitting the network assistance information.