Sensing buffer capability and sensing resource scheduling in joint communication and sensing (JCS) systems
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- QUALCOMM INC
- Filing Date
- 2023-08-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-08
Smart Images

Figure CN2023115404_06032025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SENSING BUFFER CAPABILITY AND SENSING RESOURCE SCHEDULING IN JOINT COMMUNICATION AND SENSING (JCS) SYSTEMS
[0001] BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] 1. Field of the Disclosure
[0003] Aspects of the disclosure relate generally to wireless technologies.
[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0005] Wireless communication systems have developed through various generations, including a first-generation analog wireless phone service (1G) , a second-generation (2G) digital wireless phone service (including interim 2.5G and 2.75G networks) , a third-generation (3G) high speed data, Internet-capable wireless service and a fourth-generation (4G) service (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) or WiMax) . There are presently many different types of wireless communication systems in use, including cellular and personal communications service (PCS) systems. Examples of known cellular systems include the cellular analog advanced mobile phone system (AMPS) , and digital cellular systems based on code division multiple access (CDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) , etc.
[0006] A fifth generation (5G) wireless standard, referred to as New Radio (NR) , enables higher data transfer speeds, greater numbers of connections, and better coverage, among other improvements. The 5G standard, according to the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance, is designed to provide higher data rates as compared to previous standards, more accurate positioning (e.g., based on reference signals for positioning (RS-P) , such as downlink, uplink, or sidelink positioning reference signals (PRS) ) , and other technical enhancements. These enhancements, as well as the use of higher frequency bands, advances in PRS processes and technology, and high-density deployments for 5G, enable highly accurate 5G-based positioning.SUMMARY
[0007] The following presents a simplified summary relating to one or more aspects disclosed herein. Thus, the following summary should not be considered an extensive overview relating to all contemplated aspects, nor should the following summary be considered to identify key or critical elements relating to all contemplated aspects or to delineate the scope associated with any particular aspect. Accordingly, the following summary has the sole purpose to present certain concepts relating to one or more aspects relating to the mechanisms disclosed herein in a simplified form to precede the detailed description presented below.
[0008] In an aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a network server of a joint communication and sensing (JCS) system includes determining one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities associated with a user equipment (UE) , wherein the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities are determined based on sensing signal capabilities reported by the UE; and configuring a JCS sensing session based, at least in part, on the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE.
[0009] In an aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) includes sending, to a network server of a joint communication and sensing (JCS) system, one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities associated with the UE; and receiving, from the network server, a JCS sensing signal measurement configuration based, at least in part, on the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE.
[0010] In an aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) includes receiving, from a network server of a joint communication and sensing (JCS) system, a first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; and reporting, to the network server, a set of sensing signal measurements based on a second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration, wherein the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration is used to provide the set of sensing signal measurements based on one or more JCS sensing signal buffer processing failures at the UE associated with the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration.
[0011] In an aspect, a network server includes one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: determine one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities associated with a user equipment (UE) , wherein the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities are determined based on sensing signal capabilities reported by the UE; and configure a JCS sensing session based, at least in part, on the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE.
[0012] In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: send, via the one or more transceivers, to a network server of a joint communication and sensing (JCS) system, one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities associated with the UE; and receive, via the one or more transceivers, , from the network server, a JCS sensing signal measurement configuration based, at least in part, on the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE.
[0013] In an aspect, an UE includes one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to:receive, via the one or more transceivers, , from a network server of a joint communication and sensing (JCS) system, a first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; and report, via the one or more transceivers, to the network server, a set of sensing signal measurements based on a second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration, wherein the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration is used to provide the set of sensing signal measurements based on one or more JCS sensing signal buffer processing failures at the UE associated with the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration.
[0014] In an aspect, a network server includes means for determining one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities associated with a user equipment (UE) , wherein the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities are determined based on sensing signal capabilities reported by the UE; and means for configuring a JCS sensing session based, at least in part, on the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE.
[0015] In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes means for sending, to a network server of a joint communication and sensing (JCS) system, one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities associated with the UE; and means for receiving, from the network server, a JCS sensing signal measurement configuration based, at least in part, on the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE.
[0016] In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes means for receiving, from a network server of a joint communication and sensing (JCS) system, a first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; and means for reporting, to the network server, a set of sensing signal measurements based on a second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration, wherein the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration is used to provide the set of sensing signal measurements based on one or more JCS sensing signal buffer processing failures at the UE associated with the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration.
[0017] In an aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a network server, cause the network server to: determine one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities associated with a user equipment (UE) , wherein the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities are determined based on sensing signal capabilities reported by the UE; and configure a JCS sensing session based, at least in part, on the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE.
[0018] In an aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE) , cause the UE to: send, to a network server of a joint communication and sensing (JCS) system, one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities associated with the UE; and receive, from the network server, a JCS sensing signal measurement configuration based, at least in part, on the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE.
[0019] In an aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE) , cause the UE to: receive, from a network server of a joint communication and sensing (JCS) system, a first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; and report, to the network server, a set of sensing signal measurements based on a second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration, wherein the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration is used to provide the set of sensing signal measurements based on one or more JCS sensing signal buffer processing failures at the UE associated with the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration.
[0020] Other objects and advantages associated with the aspects disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the accompanying drawings and detailed description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] The accompanying drawings are presented to aid in the description of various aspects of the disclosure and are provided solely for illustration of the aspects and not limitation thereof.
[0022] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communications system, according to aspects of the disclosure.
[0023] FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C illustrate example wireless network structures, according to aspects of the disclosure.
[0024] FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C are simplified block diagrams of several sample aspects of components that may be employed in a user equipment (UE) , a base station, and a network entity, respectively, and configured to support communications as taught herein.
[0025] FIG. 4 illustrates examples of various positioning methods supported in New Radio (NR) , according to aspects of the disclosure.
[0026] FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate different types of radar, according to aspects of the disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 6 is a diagram depicting sensing occasions in which sensing signals are transmitted for Joint Communication and Sensing (JCS) sensing, according to aspects of the disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 7 illustrates a buffering scenario for a conventional cellular-based positioning session employing positioning reference signals (PRS) , according to aspects of the disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 8 illustrates a buffering scenario for JCS sensing in which the UE measures sensing signals transmitted by two transmission nodes, according to aspects of the disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 9 illustrates a JCS sensing scenario in which the UE measures sensing signals transmitted by two transmission nodes, according to aspects of the disclosure.
[0031] FIG. 10 depicts an example sensing scenario in which the sensing signal resources have been scheduled to meet the maximum sensing signal duration requirement associated with the time duration and given bandwidth associated with the sensing signal resources, according to aspects of the disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 11 shows an example of a configured slot set for JCS sensing, according to aspects of the disclosure.
[0033] FIG. 12 shows an example scenario in which a UE is unable to measure the sensing signals in all of the available sensing occasions during the sensing search window, according to aspects of the disclosure.
[0034] FIG. 13 shows an example JCS sensing scenario in which the UE is capable of partial sensing, according to aspects of the disclosure.
[0035] FIG. 14 shows an example JCS sensing scenario in which the UE is likewise capable of partial sensing, according to aspects of the disclosure.
[0036] FIG. 15 shows an example JCS sensing scenario in which the UE is capable of maintainning phase continuity between consecutive sensing signals occuring during different sensing occasions, according to aspects of the disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 16 shows an example JCS sensing scenario in which the scheduling network entity uses window durations reported by the UE to schedule the sensing signal resources, according to aspects of the disclosure.
[0038] FIG. 17 shows an example message flow between a UE and a network server when a sensing measurement failure occurs at the UE, according to aspects of the disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 18 shows an example JCS sensing scenario in which a sensing measurement configuration that differs from the initial sensing measurement configuration is utilized in response to a sensing measurement failure at the UE, according to aspects of the disclosure.
[0040] FIG. 19 shows an example JCS sensing scenario in which a sensing measurement configuration that differs from the initial sensing measurement configuration is utilized in response to a sensing measurement failure at the UE, according to aspects of the disclosure.
[0041] FIG. 20 shows an example JCS sensing scenario in which a sensing measurement configuration that differs from the initial sensing measurement configuration is utilized in response to a sensing measurement failure at the UE, according to aspects of the disclosure.
[0042] FIG. 21 illustrates an example method of wireless communication performed by a network server of a JCS system, according to aspects of the disclosure.
[0043] FIG. 22 illustrates an example method of wireless communication that may be performed by a UE, according to aspects of the disclosure.
[0044] FIG. 23 illustrates an example method of wireless communication that may be performed by a UE, according to aspects of the disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0045] Aspects of the disclosure are provided in the following description and related drawings directed to various examples provided for illustration purposes. Alternate aspects may be devised without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Additionally, well-known elements of the disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of the disclosure.
[0046] Various aspects relate generally to user equipment (UE) sensing buffer capability and sensing resource scheduling in joint communication and sensing (JCS) systems. Some aspects more specifically relate to UE reporting of its JCS sensing signal buffer capability to a sensing resource scheduling entity and the use of the JCS sensing buffer capability information by the sensing resource scheduling entity to optimally schedule sensing signal resources for a JCS sensing session. Some aspects more specifically relate to how sensing measurement failures at a UE are handled during the JCS sensing session.
[0047] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by providing the sensing resource scheduling entity with the JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE, the described techniques can be used to optimize the sensing measurement configuration provided to the UE and reduce the power consumed by the UE during the JCS sensing session. In some examples, by reporting sensing measurement failures that occur based on the UE’s use of an initial sensing measurement configuration, the UE may be re-configured with a different sensing measurement configuration that is more suitable for sensing the available sensing resources. Such a reconfiguration allows the UE to continue its participation in the JCS sensing session even in instances in which the initial sensing measurement configuration exceeds the JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE.
[0048] The words “exemplary” and / or “example” are used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration. ” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” and / or “example” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Likewise, the term “aspects of the disclosure” does not require that all aspects of the disclosure include the discussed feature, advantage or mode of operation.
[0049] Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the information and signals described below may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description below may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof, depending in part on the particular application, in part on the desired design, in part on the corresponding technology, etc.
[0050] Further, many aspects are described in terms of sequences of actions to be performed by, for example, elements of a computing device. It will be recognized that various actions described herein can be performed by specific circuits (e.g., application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) ) , by program instructions being executed by one or more processors, or by a combination of both. Additionally, the sequence (s) of actions described herein can be considered to be embodied entirely within any form of non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored therein a corresponding set of computer instructions that, upon execution, would cause or instruct an associated processor of a device to perform the functionality described herein. Thus, the various aspects of the disclosure may be embodied in a number of different forms, all of which have been contemplated to be within the scope of the claimed subject matter. In addition, for each of the aspects described herein, the corresponding form of any such aspects may be described herein as, for example, “logic configured to” perform the described action.
[0051] As used herein, the terms “user equipment” (UE) and “base station” are not intended to be specific or otherwise limited to any particular radio access technology (RAT) , unless otherwise noted. In general, a UE may be any wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, consumer asset locating device, wearable (e.g., smartwatch, glasses, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) headset, etc. ) , vehicle (e.g., automobile, motorcycle, bicycle, etc. ) , Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc. ) used by a user to communicate over a wireless communications network. A UE may be mobile or may (e.g., at certain times) be stationary, and may communicate with a radio access network (RAN) . As used herein, the term “UE” may be referred to interchangeably as an “access terminal” or “AT, ” a “client device, ” a “wireless device, ” a “subscriber device, ” a “subscriber terminal, ” a “subscriber station, ” a “user terminal” or “UT, ” a “mobile device, ” a “mobile terminal, ” a “mobile station, ” or variations thereof. Generally, UEs can communicate with a core network via a RAN, and through the core network the UEs can be connected with external networks such as the Internet and with other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms of connecting to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible for the UEs, such as over wired access networks, wireless local area network (WLAN) networks (e.g., based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 specification, etc. ) and so on.
[0052] A base station may operate according to one of several RATs in communication with UEs depending on the network in which it is deployed, and may be alternatively referred to as an access point (AP) , a network node, a NodeB, an evolved NodeB (eNB) , a next generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a New Radio (NR) Node B (also referred to as a gNB or gNodeB) , etc. A base station may be used primarily to support wireless access by UEs, including supporting data, voice, and / or signaling connections for the supported UEs. In some systems a base station may provide purely edge node signaling functions while in other systems it may provide additional control and / or network management functions. A communication link through which UEs can send signals to a base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., a reverse traffic channel, a reverse control channel, an access channel, etc. ) . A communication link through which the base station can send signals to UEs is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., a paging channel, a control channel, a broadcast channel, a forward traffic channel, etc. ) . As used herein the term traffic channel (TCH) can refer to either an uplink / reverse or downlink / forward traffic channel.
[0053] The term “base station” may refer to a single physical transmission-reception point (TRP) or to multiple physical TRPs that may or may not be co-located. For example, where the term “base station” refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP may be an antenna of the base station corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station. Where the term “base station” refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRPs may be an array of antennas (e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming) of the base station. Where the term “base station” refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRPs may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transport medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station) . Alternatively, the non-co-located physical TRPs may be the serving base station receiving the measurement report from the UE and a neighbor base station whose reference radio frequency (RF) signals the UE is measuring. Because a TRP is the point from which a base station transmits and receives wireless signals, as used herein, references to transmission from or reception at a base station are to be understood as referring to a particular TRP of the base station.
[0054] In some implementations that support positioning of UEs, a base station may not support wireless access by UEs (e.g., may not support data, voice, and / or signaling connections for UEs) , but may instead transmit reference signals to UEs to be measured by the UEs, and / or may receive and measure signals transmitted by the UEs. Such a base station may be referred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., when transmitting signals to UEs) and / or as a location measurement unit (e.g., when receiving and measuring signals from UEs) .
[0055] An “RF signal” comprises an electromagnetic wave of a given frequency that transports information through the space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may transmit a single “RF signal” or multiple “RF signals” to a receiver. However, the receiver may receive multiple “RF signals” corresponding to each transmitted RF signal due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels. The same transmitted RF signal on different paths between the transmitter and receiver may be referred to as a “multipath” RF signal. As used herein, an RF signal may also be referred to as a “wireless signal” or simply a “signal” where it is clear from the context that the term “signal” refers to a wireless signal or an RF signal.
[0056] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communications system 100, according to aspects of the disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 (which may also be referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN) ) may include various base stations 102 (labeled “BS” ) and various UEs 104. The base stations 102 may include macro cell base stations (high power cellular base stations) and / or small cell base stations (low power cellular base stations) . In an aspect, the macro cell base stations may include eNBs and / or ng-eNBs where the wireless communications system 100 corresponds to an LTE network, or gNBs where the wireless communications system 100 corresponds to a NR network, or a combination of both, and the small cell base stations may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.
[0057] The base stations 102 may collectively form a RAN and interface with a core network 170 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC) ) through backhaul links 122, and through the core network 170 to one or more location servers 172 (e.g., a location management function (LMF) or a secure user plane location (SUPL) location platform (SLP) ) . The location server (s) 172 may be part of core network 170 or may be external to core network 170. A location server 172 may be integrated with a base station 102. A UE 104 may communicate with a location server 172 directly or indirectly. For example, a UE 104 may communicate with a location server 172 via the base station 102 that is currently serving that UE 104. A UE 104 may also communicate with a location server 172 through another path, such as via an application server (not shown) , via another network, such as via a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) (e.g., AP 150 described below) , and so on. For signaling purposes, communication between a UE 104 and a location server 172 may be represented as an indirect connection (e.g., through the core network 170, etc. ) or a direct connection (e.g., as shown via direct connection 128) , with the intervening nodes (if any) omitted from a signaling diagram for clarity.
[0058] In addition to other functions, the base stations 102 may perform functions that relate to one or more of transferring user data, radio channel ciphering and deciphering, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity) , inter-cell interference coordination, connection setup and release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS) , subscriber and equipment trace, RAN information management (RIM) , paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC / 5GC) over backhaul links 134, which may be wired or wireless.
[0059] The base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Each of the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110. In an aspect, one or more cells may be supported by a base station 102 in each geographic coverage area 110. A “cell” is a logical communication entity used for communication with a base station (e.g., over some frequency resource, referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, band, or the like) , and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCI) , an enhanced cell identifier (ECI) , a virtual cell identifier (VCI) , a cell global identifier (CGI) , etc. ) for distinguishing cells operating via the same or a different carrier frequency. In some cases, different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., machine-type communication (MTC) , narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) , enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , or others) that may provide access for different types of UEs. Because a cell is supported by a specific base station, the term “cell” may refer to either or both of the logical communication entity and the base station that supports it, depending on the context. In addition, because a TRP is typically the physical transmission point of a cell, the terms “cell” and “TRP” may be used interchangeably. In some cases, the term “cell” may also refer to a geographic coverage area of a base station (e.g., a sector) , insofar as a carrier frequency can be detected and used for communication within some portion of geographic coverage areas 110.
[0060] While neighboring macro cell base station 102 geographic coverage areas 110 may partially overlap (e.g., in a handover region) , some of the geographic coverage areas 110 may be substantially overlapped by a larger geographic coverage area 110. For example, a small cell base station 102' (labeled “SC” for “small cell” ) may have a geographic coverage area 110' that substantially overlaps with the geographic coverage area 110 of one or more macro cell base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell and macro cell base stations may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include home eNBs (HeNBs) , which may provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG) .
[0061] The communication links 120 between the base stations 102 and the UEs 104 may include uplink (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a base station 102 and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a base station 102 to a UE 104. The communication links 120 may use MIMO antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication links 120 may be through one or more carrier frequencies. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to downlink and uplink (e.g., more or less carriers may be allocated for downlink than for uplink) .
[0062] The wireless communications system 100 may further include a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) 150 in communication with WLAN stations (STAs) 152 via communication links 154 in an unlicensed frequency spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz) . When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the WLAN STAs 152 and / or the WLAN AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) or listen before talk (LBT) procedure prior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel is available.
[0063] The small cell base station 102' may operate in a licensed and / or an unlicensed frequency spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the small cell base station 102' may employ LTE or NR technology and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum as used by the WLAN AP 150. The small cell base station 102', employing LTE / 5G in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, may boost coverage to and / or increase capacity of the access network. NR in unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as NR-U. LTE in an unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as LTE-U, licensed assisted access (LAA) , or
[0064] The wireless communications system 100 may further include a millimeter wave (mmW) base station 180 that may operate in mmW frequencies and / or near mmW frequencies in communication with a UE 182. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is part of the RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 millimeter and 10 millimeters. Radio waves in this band may be referred to as a millimeter wave. Near mmW may extend down to a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100 millimeters. The super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, also referred to as centimeter wave. Communications using the mmW / near mmW radio frequency band have high path loss and a relatively short range. The mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 may utilize beamforming (transmit and / or receive) over a mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range. Further, it will be appreciated that in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 may also transmit using mmW or near mmW and beamforming. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the foregoing illustrations are merely examples and should not be construed to limit the various aspects disclosed herein.
[0065] Transmit beamforming is a technique for focusing an RF signal in a specific direction. Traditionally, when a network node (e.g., a base station) broadcasts an RF signal, it broadcasts the signal in all directions (omni-directionally) . With transmit beamforming, the network node determines where a given target device (e.g., a UE) is located (relative to the transmitting network node) and projects a stronger downlink RF signal in that specific direction, thereby providing a faster (in terms of data rate) and stronger RF signal for the receiving device (s) . To change the directionality of the RF signal when transmitting, a network node can control the phase and relative amplitude of the RF signal at each of the one or more transmitters that are broadcasting the RF signal. For example, a network node may use an array of antennas (referred to as a “phased array” or an “antenna array” ) that creates a beam of RF waves that can be “steered” to point in different directions, without actually moving the antennas. Specifically, the RF current from the transmitter is fed to the individual antennas with the correct phase relationship so that the radio waves from the separate antennas add together to increase the radiation in a desired direction, while cancelling to suppress radiation in undesired directions.
[0066] Transmit beams may be quasi-co-located, meaning that they appear to the receiver (e.g., a UE) as having the same parameters, regardless of whether or not the transmitting antennas of the network node themselves are physically co-located. In NR, there are four types of quasi-co-location (QCL) relations. Specifically, a QCL relation of a given type means that certain parameters about a second reference RF signal on a second beam can be derived from information about a source reference RF signal on a source beam. Thus, if the source reference RF signal is QCL Type A, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL Type B, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and Doppler spread of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL Type C, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and average delay of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL Type D, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the spatial receive parameter of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.
[0067] In receive beamforming, the receiver uses a receive beam to amplify RF signals detected on a given channel. For example, the receiver can increase the gain setting and / or adjust the phase setting of an array of antennas in a particular direction to amplify (e.g., to increase the gain level of) the RF signals received from that direction. Thus, when a receiver is said to beamform in a certain direction, it means the beam gain in that direction is high relative to the beam gain along other directions, or the beam gain in that direction is the highest compared to the beam gain in that direction of all other receive beams available to the receiver. This results in a stronger received signal strength (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP) , reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) , etc. ) of the RF signals received from that direction.
[0068] Transmit and receive beams may be spatially related. A spatial relation means that parameters for a second beam (e.g., a transmit or receive beam) for a second reference signal can be derived from information about a first beam (e.g., a receive beam or a transmit beam) for a first reference signal. For example, a UE may use a particular receive beam to receive a reference downlink reference signal (e.g., synchronization signal block (SSB) ) from a base station. The UE can then form a transmit beam for sending an uplink reference signal (e.g., sounding reference signal (SRS) ) to that base station based on the parameters of the receive beam.
[0069] Note that a “downlink” beam may be either a transmit beam or a receive beam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a base station is forming the downlink beam to transmit a reference signal to a UE, the downlink beam is a transmit beam. If the UE is forming the downlink beam, however, it is a receive beam to receive the downlink reference signal. Similarly, an “uplink” beam may be either a transmit beam or a receive beam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a base station is forming the uplink beam, it is an uplink receive beam, and if a UE is forming the uplink beam, it is an uplink transmit beam.
[0070] The electromagnetic spectrum is often subdivided, based on frequency / wavelength, into various classes, bands, channels, etc. In 5G NR two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) . It should be understood that although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with regard to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz –300 GHz) which is identified by the INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION as a “millimeter wave” band.
[0071] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified an operating band for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) . Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 and / or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.
[0072] With the above aspects in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “millimeter wave” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.
[0073] In a multi-carrier system, such as 5G, one of the carrier frequencies is referred to as the “primary carrier” or “anchor carrier” or “primary serving cell” or “PCell, ” and the remaining carrier frequencies are referred to as “secondary carriers” or “secondary serving cells” or “SCells. ” In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is the carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) utilized by a UE 104 / 182 and the cell in which the UE 104 / 182 either performs the initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates the RRC connection re-establishment procedure. The primary carrier carries all common and UE-specific control channels, and may be a carrier in a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case) . A secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2) that may be configured once the RRC connection is established between the UE 104 and the anchor carrier and that may be used to provide additional radio resources. In some cases, the secondary carrier may be a carrier in an unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier may contain only necessary signaling information and signals, for example, those that are UE-specific may not be present in the secondary carrier, since both primary uplink and downlink carriers are typically UE-specific. This means that different UEs 104 / 182 in a cell may have different downlink primary carriers. The same is true for the uplink primary carriers. The network is able to change the primary carrier of any UE 104 / 182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance the load on different carriers. Because a “serving cell” (whether a PCell or an SCell) corresponds to a carrier frequency / component carrier over which some base station is communicating, the term “cell, ” “serving cell, ” “component carrier, ” “carrier frequency, ” and the like can be used interchangeably.
[0074] For example, still referring to FIG. 1, one of the frequencies utilized by the macro cell base stations 102 may be an anchor carrier (or “PCell” ) and other frequencies utilized by the macro cell base stations 102 and / or the mmW base station 180 may be secondary carriers ( “SCells” ) . The simultaneous transmission and / or reception of multiple carriers enables the UE 104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission and / or reception rates. For example, two 20 MHz aggregated carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically lead to a two-fold increase in data rate (i.e., 40 MHz) , compared to that attained by a single 20 MHz carrier.
[0075] The wireless communications system 100 may further include a UE 164 that may communicate with a macro cell base station 102 over a communication link 120 and / or the mmW base station 180 over a mmW communication link 184. For example, the macro cell base station 102 may support a PCell and one or more SCells for the UE 164 and the mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells for the UE 164.
[0076] In some cases, the UE 164 and the UE 182 may be capable of sidelink communication. Sidelink-capable UEs (SL-UEs) may communicate with base stations 102 over communication links 120 using the Uu interface (i.e., the air interface between a UE and a base station) . SL-UEs (e.g., UE 164, UE 182) may also communicate directly with each other over a wireless sidelink 160 using the PC5 interface (i.e., the air interface between sidelink-capable UEs) . A wireless sidelink (or just “sidelink” ) is an adaptation of the core cellular (e.g., LTE, NR) standard that allows direct communication between two or more UEs without the communication needing to go through a base station. Sidelink communication may be unicast or multicast, and may be used for device-to-device (D2D) media-sharing, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication (e.g., cellular V2X (cV2X) communication, enhanced V2X (eV2X) communication, etc. ) , emergency rescue applications, etc. One or more of a group of SL-UEs utilizing sidelink communications may be within the geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 102. Other SL-UEs in such a group may be outside the geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 102 or be otherwise unable to receive transmissions from a base station 102. In some cases, groups of SL-UEs communicating via sidelink communications may utilize a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each SL-UE transmits to every other SL-UE in the group. In some cases, a base station 102 facilitates the scheduling of resources for sidelink communications. In other cases, sidelink communications are carried out between SL-UEs without the involvement of a base station 102.
[0077] In an aspect, the sidelink 160 may operate over a wireless communication medium of interest, which may be shared with other wireless communications between other vehicles and / or infrastructure access points, as well as other RATs. A “medium” may be composed of one or more time, frequency, and / or space communication resources (e.g., encompassing one or more channels across one or more carriers) associated with wireless communication between one or more transmitter / receiver pairs. In an aspect, the medium of interest may correspond to at least a portion of an unlicensed frequency band shared among various RATs. Although different licensed frequency bands have been reserved for certain communication systems (e.g., by a government entity such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States) , these systems, in particular those employing small cell access points, have recently extended operation into unlicensed frequency bands such as the Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) band used by wireless local area network (WLAN) technologies, most notably IEEE 802.11x WLAN technologies generally referred to as “Wi-Fi. ” Example systems of this type include different variants of CDMA systems, TDMA systems, FDMA systems, orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) systems, and so on.
[0078] Note that although FIG. 1 only illustrates two of the UEs as SL-UEs (i.e., UEs 164 and 182) , any of the illustrated UEs may be SL-UEs. Further, although only UE 182 was described as being capable of beamforming, any of the illustrated UEs, including UE 164, may be capable of beamforming. Where SL-UEs are capable of beamforming, they may beamform towards each other (i.e., towards other SL-UEs) , towards other UEs (e.g., UEs 104) , towards base stations (e.g., base stations 102, 180, small cell 102’, access point 150) , etc. Thus, in some cases, UEs 164 and 182 may utilize beamforming over sidelink 160.
[0079] In the example of FIG. 1, any of the illustrated UEs (shown in FIG. 1 as a single UE 104 for simplicity) may receive signals 124 from one or more Earth orbiting space vehicles (SVs) 112 (e.g., satellites) . In an aspect, the SVs 112 may be part of a satellite positioning system that a UE 104 can use as an independent source of location information. A satellite positioning system typically includes a system of transmitters (e.g., SVs 112) positioned to enable receivers (e.g., UEs 104) to determine their location on or above the Earth based, at least in part, on positioning signals (e.g., signals 124) received from the transmitters. Such a transmitter typically transmits a signal marked with a repeating pseudo-random noise (PN) code of a set number of chips. While typically located in SVs 112, transmitters may sometimes be located on ground-based control stations, base stations 102, and / or other UEs 104. A UE 104 may include one or more dedicated receivers specifically designed to receive signals 124 for deriving geo location information from the SVs 112.
[0080] In a satellite positioning system, the use of signals 124 can be augmented by various satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS) that may be associated with or otherwise enabled for use with one or more global and / or regional navigation satellite systems. For example an SBAS may include an augmentation system (s) that provides integrity information, differential corrections, etc., such as the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) , the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) , the Multi-functional Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS) , the Global Positioning System (GPS) Aided Geo Augmented Navigation or GPS and Geo Augmented Navigation system (GAGAN) , and / or the like. Thus, as used herein, a satellite positioning system may include any combination of one or more global and / or regional navigation satellites associated with such one or more satellite positioning systems.
[0081] In an aspect, SVs 112 may additionally or alternatively be part of one or more non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . In an NTN, an SV 112 is connected to an earth station (also referred to as a ground station, NTN gateway, or gateway) , which in turn is connected to an element in a 5G network, such as a modified base station 102 (without a terrestrial antenna) or a network node in a 5GC. This element would in turn provide access to other elements in the 5G network and ultimately to entities external to the 5G network, such as Internet web servers and other user devices. In that way, a UE 104 may receive communication signals (e.g., signals 124) from an SV 112 instead of, or in addition to, communication signals from a terrestrial base station 102.
[0082] The wireless communications system 100 may further include one or more UEs, such as UE 190, that connects indirectly to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as “sidelinks” ) . In the example of FIG. 1, UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of the UEs 104 connected to one of the base stations 102 (e.g., through which UE 190 may indirectly obtain cellular connectivity) and a D2D P2P link 194 with WLAN STA 152 connected to the WLAN AP 150 (through which UE 190 may indirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity) . In an example, the D2D P2P links 192 and 194 may be supported with any well-known D2D RAT, such as LTE Direct (LTE-D) , WI-FI and so on.
[0083] FIG. 2A illustrates an example wireless network structure 200. For example, a 5GC 210 (also referred to as a Next Generation Core (NGC) ) can be viewed functionally as control plane (C-plane) functions 214 (e.g., UE registration, authentication, network access, gateway selection, etc. ) and user plane (U-plane) functions 212, (e.g., UE gateway function, access to data networks, IP routing, etc. ) which operate cooperatively to form the core network. User plane interface (NG-U) 213 and control plane interface (NG-C) 215 connect the gNB 222 to the 5GC 210 and specifically to the user plane functions 212 and control plane functions 214, respectively. In an additional configuration, an ng-eNB 224 may also be connected to the 5GC 210 via NG-C 215 to the control plane functions 214 and NG-U 213 to user plane functions 212. Further, ng-eNB 224 may directly communicate with gNB 222 via a backhaul connection 223. In some configurations, a Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN) 220 may have one or more gNBs 222, while other configurations include one or more of both ng-eNBs 224 and gNBs 222. Either (or both) gNB 222 or ng-eNB 224 may communicate with one or more UEs 204 (e.g., any of the UEs described herein) .
[0084] Another optional aspect may include a location server 230, which may be in communication with the 5GC 210 to provide location assistance for UE (s) 204. The location server 230 can be implemented as a plurality of separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc. ) , or alternately may each correspond to a single server. The location server 230 can be configured to support one or more location services for UEs 204 that can connect to the location server 230 via the core network, 5GC 210, and / or via the Internet (not illustrated) . Further, the location server 230 may be integrated into a component of the core network, or alternatively may be external to the core network (e.g., a third party server, such as an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) server or service server) .
[0085] FIG. 2B illustrates another example wireless network structure 240. A 5GC 260 (which may correspond to 5GC 210 in FIG. 2A) can be viewed functionally as control plane functions, provided by an access and mobility management function (AMF) 264, and user plane functions, provided by a user plane function (UPF) 262, which operate cooperatively to form the core network (i.e., 5GC 260) . The functions of the AMF 264 include registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception, transport for session management (SM) messages between one or more UEs 204 (e.g., any of the UEs described herein) and a session management function (SMF) 266, transparent proxy services for routing SM messages, access authentication and access authorization, transport for short message service (SMS) messages between the UE 204 and the short message service function (SMSF) (not shown) , and security anchor functionality (SEAF) . The AMF 264 also interacts with an authentication server function (AUSF) (not shown) and the UE 204, and receives the intermediate key that was established as a result of the UE 204 authentication process. In the case of authentication based on a UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system) subscriber identity module (USIM) , the AMF 264 retrieves the security material from the AUSF. The functions of the AMF 264 also include security context management (SCM) . The SCM receives a key from the SEAF that it uses to derive access-network specific keys. The functionality of the AMF 264 also includes location services management for regulatory services, transport for location services messages between the UE 204 and a location management function (LMF) 270 (which acts as a location server 230) , transport for location services messages between the NG-RAN 220 and the LMF 270, evolved packet system (EPS) bearer identifier allocation for interworking with the EPS, and UE 204 mobility event notification. In addition, the AMF 264 also supports functionalities for (Third Generation Partnership Project) access networks.
[0086] Functions of the UPF 262 include acting as an anchor point for intra / inter-RAT mobility (when applicable) , acting as an external protocol data unit (PDU) session point of interconnect to a data network (not shown) , providing packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g., gating, redirection, traffic steering) , lawful interception (user plane collection) , traffic usage reporting, quality of service (QoS) handling for the user plane (e.g., uplink / downlink rate enforcement, reflective QoS marking in the downlink) , uplink traffic verification (service data flow (SDF) to QoS flow mapping) , transport level packet marking in the uplink and downlink, downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering, and sending and forwarding of one or more “end markers” to the source RAN node. The UPF 262 may also support transfer of location services messages over a user plane between the UE 204 and a location server, such as an SLP 272.
[0087] The functions of the SMF 266 include session management, UE Internet protocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection and control of user plane functions, configuration of traffic steering at the UPF 262 to route traffic to the proper destination, control of part of policy enforcement and QoS, and downlink data notification. The interface over which the SMF 266 communicates with the AMF 264 is referred to as the N11 interface.
[0088] Another optional aspect may include an LMF 270, which may be in communication with the 5GC 260 to provide location assistance for UEs 204. The LMF 270 can be implemented as a plurality of separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc. ) , or alternately may each correspond to a single server. The LMF 270 can be configured to support one or more location services for UEs 204 that can connect to the LMF 270 via the core network, 5GC 260, and / or via the Internet (not illustrated) . The SLP 272 may support similar functions to the LMF 270, but whereas the LMF 270 may communicate with the AMF 264, NG-RAN 220, and UEs 204 over a control plane (e.g., using interfaces and protocols intended to convey signaling messages and not voice or data) , the SLP 272 may communicate with UEs 204 and external clients (e.g., third-party server 274) over a user plane (e.g., using protocols intended to carry voice and / or data like the transmission control protocol (TCP) and / or IP) .
[0089] Yet another optional aspect may include a third-party server 274, which may be in communication with the LMF 270, the SLP 272, the 5GC 260 (e.g., via the AMF 264 and / or the UPF 262) , the NG-RAN 220, and / or the UE 204 to obtain location information (e.g., a location estimate) for the UE 204. As such, in some cases, the third-party server 274 may be referred to as a location services (LCS) client or an external client. The third-party server 274 can be implemented as a plurality of separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc. ) , or alternately may each correspond to a single server.
[0090] User plane interface 263 and control plane interface 265 connect the 5GC 260, and specifically the UPF 262 and AMF 264, respectively, to one or more gNBs 222 and / or ng-eNBs 224 in the NG-RAN 220. The interface between gNB (s) 222 and / or ng-eNB (s) 224 and the AMF 264 is referred to as the “N2” interface, and the interface between gNB (s) 222 and / or ng-eNB (s) 224 and the UPF 262 is referred to as the “N3” interface. The gNB (s) 222 and / or ng-eNB (s) 224 of the NG-RAN 220 may communicate directly with each other via backhaul connections 223, referred to as the “Xn-C” interface. One or more of gNBs 222 and / or ng-eNBs 224 may communicate with one or more UEs 204 over a wireless interface, referred to as the “Uu” interface.
[0091] The functionality of a gNB 222 may be divided between a gNB central unit (gNB-CU) 226, one or more gNB distributed units (gNB-DUs) 228, and one or more gNB radio units (gNB-RUs) 229. A gNB-CU 226 is a logical node that includes the base station functions of transferring user data, mobility control, radio access network sharing, positioning, session management, and the like, except for those functions allocated exclusively to the gNB-DU (s) 228. More specifically, the gNB-CU 226 generally host the radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) protocols of the gNB 222. A gNB-DU 228 is a logical node that generally hosts the radio link control (RLC) and medium access control (MAC) layer of the gNB 222. Its operation is controlled by the gNB-CU 226. One gNB-DU 228 can support one or more cells, and one cell is supported by only one gNB-DU 228. The interface 232 between the gNB-CU 226 and the one or more gNB-DUs 228 is referred to as the “F1” interface. The physical (PHY) layer functionality of a gNB 222 is generally hosted by one or more standalone gNB-RUs 229 that perform functions such as power amplification and signal transmission / reception. The interface between a gNB-DU 228 and a gNB-RU 229 is referred to as the “Fx” interface. Thus, a UE 204 communicates with the gNB-CU 226 via the RRC, SDAP, and PDCP layers, with a gNB-DU 228 via the RLC and MAC layers, and with a gNB-RU 229 via the PHY layer.
[0092] Deployment of communication systems, such as 5G NR systems, may be arranged in multiple manners with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system, or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a RAN node, a core network node, a network element, or a network equipment, such as a base station, or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a base station (such as a Node B (NB) , evolved NB (eNB) , NR base station, 5G NB, AP, TRP, cell, etc. ) may be implemented as an aggregated base station (also known as a standalone base station or a monolithic base station) or a disaggregated base station.
[0093] An aggregated base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A disaggregated base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , or one or more radio units (RUs) ) . In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other RAN nodes. The DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU and RU also can be implemented as virtual units, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) .
[0094] Base station-type operation or network design may consider aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as the network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN ) ) , or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) ) . Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as distributing functionality for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various units of the disaggregated base station, or disaggregated RAN architecture, can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.
[0095] FIG. 2C illustrates an example disaggregated base station architecture 250, according to aspects of the disclosure. The disaggregated base station architecture 250 may include one or more central units (CUs) 280 (e.g., gNB-CU 226) that can communicate directly with a core network 267 (e.g., 5GC 210, 5GC 260) via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 267 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 259 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 257 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 255, or both) . A CU 280 may communicate with one or more DUs 285 (e.g., gNB-DUs 228) via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 285 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 287 (e.g., gNB-RUs 229) via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 287 may communicate with respective UEs 204 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 204 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 287.
[0096] Each of the units, i.e., the CUs 280, the DUs 285, the RUs 287, as well as the Near-RT RICs 259, the Non-RT RICs 257 and the SMO Framework 255, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as a RF transceiver) , configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
[0097] In some aspects, the CU 280 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include RRC, PDCP, service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 280. The CU 280 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit –User Plane (CU-UP) ) , control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit –Control Plane (CU-CP) ) , or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 280 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 280 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 285, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
[0098] The DU 285 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 287. In some aspects, the DU 285 may host one or more of a RLC layer, a MAC layer, and one or more high PHY layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project In some aspects, the DU 285 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 285, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 280.
[0099] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 287. In some deployments, an RU 287, controlled by a DU 285, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like) , or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU (s) 287 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 204. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 287 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 285. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU (s) 285 and the CU 280 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0100] The SMO Framework 255 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 255 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface) . For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 255 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 269) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface) . Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 280, DUs 285, RUs 287 and Near-RT RICs 259. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 255 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 261, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 255 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 287 via an O1 interface. The SMO Framework 255 also may include a Non-RT RIC 257 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 255.
[0101] The Non-RT RIC 257 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near-RT RIC 259. The Non-RT RIC 257 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 259. The Near-RT RIC 259 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 280, one or more DUs 285, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 259.
[0102] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 259, the Non-RT RIC 257 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 259 and may be received at the SMO Framework 255 or the Non-RT RIC 257 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 257 or the Near-RT RIC 259 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 257 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 255 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies) .
[0103] FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C illustrate several example components (represented by corresponding blocks) that may be incorporated into a UE 302 (which may correspond to any of the UEs described herein) , a base station 304 (which may correspond to any of the base stations described herein) , and a network entity 306 (which may correspond to or embody any of the network functions described herein, including the location server 230 and the LMF 270, or alternatively may be independent from the NG-RAN 220 and / or 5GC 210 / 260 infrastructure depicted in FIGS. 2A and 2B, such as a private network) to support the operations described herein. It will be appreciated that these components may be implemented in different types of apparatuses in different implementations (e.g., in an ASIC, in a system-on-chip (SoC) , etc. ) . The illustrated components may also be incorporated into other apparatuses in a communication system. For example, other apparatuses in a system may include components similar to those described to provide similar functionality. Also, a given apparatus may contain one or more of the components. For example, an apparatus may include multiple transceiver components that enable the apparatus to operate on multiple carriers and / or communicate via different technologies.
[0104] The UE 302 and the base station 304 each include one or more wireless wide area network (WWAN) transceivers 310 and 350, respectively, providing means for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means for refraining from transmitting, etc. ) via one or more wireless communication networks (not shown) , such as an NR network, an LTE network, a GSM network, and / or the like. The WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may each be connected to one or more antennas 316 and 356, respectively, for communicating with other network nodes, such as other UEs, access points, base stations (e.g., eNBs, gNBs) , etc., via at least one designated RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, GSM, etc. ) over a wireless communication medium of interest (e.g., some set of time / frequency resources in a particular frequency spectrum) . The WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may be variously configured for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, and so on) , respectively, and, conversely, for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, and so on) , respectively, in accordance with the designated RAT. Specifically, the WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 include one or more transmitters 314 and 354, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358, respectively, and one or more receivers 312 and 352, respectively, for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358, respectively.
[0105] The UE 302 and the base station 304 each also include, at least in some cases, one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360, respectively. The short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be connected to one or more antennas 326 and 366, respectively, and provide means for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means for refraining from transmitting, etc. ) with other network nodes, such as other UEs, access points, base stations, etc., via at least one designated RAT (e.g., Wi-Fi, LTE Direct, PC5, dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) , wireless access for vehicular environments (WAVE) , near-field communication (NFC) , ultra-wideband (UWB) , etc. ) over a wireless communication medium of interest. The short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be variously configured for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, and so on) , respectively, and, conversely, for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, and so on) , respectively, in accordance with the designated RAT. Specifically, the short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 include one or more transmitters 324 and 364, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368, respectively, and one or more receivers 322 and 362, respectively, for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368, respectively. As specific examples, the short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be Wi-Fi transceivers, transceivers, and / or transceivers, NFC transceivers, UWB transceivers, or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and / or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) transceivers.
[0106] The UE 302 and the base station 304 also include, at least in some cases, satellite signal receivers 330 and 370. The satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may be connected to one or more antennas 336 and 376, respectively, and may provide means for receiving and / or measuring satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378, respectively. Where the satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 are satellite positioning system receivers, the satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378 may be global positioning system (GPS) signals, global navigation satellite system signals, Galileo signals, Beidou signals, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (NAVIC) , Quasi- Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) , etc. Where the satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 are non-terrestrial network (NTN) receivers, the satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378 may be communication signals (e.g., carrying control and / or user data) originating from a 5G network. The satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may comprise any suitable hardware and / or software for receiving and processing satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378, respectively. The satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may request information and operations as appropriate from the other systems, and, at least in some cases, perform calculations to determine locations of the UE 302 and the base station 304, respectively, using measurements obtained by any suitable satellite positioning system algorithm.
[0107] The base station 304 and the network entity 306 each include one or more network transceivers 380 and 390, respectively, providing means for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, etc. ) with other network entities (e.g., other base stations 304, other network entities 306) . For example, the base station 304 may employ the one or more network transceivers 380 to communicate with other base stations 304 or network entities 306 over one or more wired or wireless backhaul links. As another example, the network entity 306 may employ the one or more network transceivers 390 to communicate with one or more base station 304 over one or more wired or wireless backhaul links, or with other network entities 306 over one or more wired or wireless core network interfaces.
[0108] A transceiver may be configured to communicate over a wired or wireless link. A transceiver (whether a wired transceiver or a wireless transceiver) includes transmitter circuitry (e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) and receiver circuitry (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352, 362) . A transceiver may be an integrated device (e.g., embodying transmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry in a single device) in some implementations, may comprise separate transmitter circuitry and separate receiver circuitry in some implementations, or may be embodied in other ways in other implementations. The transmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry of a wired transceiver (e.g., network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations) may be coupled to one or more wired network interface ports. Wireless transmitter circuitry (e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) may include or be coupled to a plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366) , such as an antenna array, that permits the respective apparatus (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform transmit “beamforming, ” as described herein. Similarly, wireless receiver circuitry (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352, 362) may include or be coupled to a plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366) , such as an antenna array, that permits the respective apparatus (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform receive beamforming, as described herein. In an aspect, the transmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry may share the same plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366) , such that the respective apparatus can only receive or transmit at a given time, not both at the same time. A wireless transceiver (e.g., WWAN transceivers 310 and 350, short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360) may also include a network listen module (NLM) or the like for performing various measurements.
[0109] As used herein, the various wireless transceivers (e.g., transceivers 310, 320, 350, and 360, and network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations) and wired transceivers (e.g., network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations) may generally be characterized as “a transceiver, ” “at least one transceiver, ” or “one or more transceivers. ” As such, whether a particular transceiver is a wired or wireless transceiver may be inferred from the type of communication performed. For example, backhaul communication between network devices or servers will generally relate to signaling via a wired transceiver, whereas wireless communication between a UE (e.g., UE 302) and a base station (e.g., base station 304) will generally relate to signaling via a wireless transceiver.
[0110] The UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 also include other components that may be used in conjunction with the operations as disclosed herein. The UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 include one or more processors 332, 384, and 394, respectively, for providing functionality relating to, for example, wireless communication, and for providing other processing functionality. The processors 332, 384, and 394 may therefore provide means for processing, such as means for determining, means for calculating, means for receiving, means for transmitting, means for indicating, etc. In an aspect, the processors 332, 384, and 394 may include, for example, one or more general purpose processors, multi-core processors, central processing units (CPUs) , ASICs, digital signal processors (DSPs) , field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , other programmable logic devices or processing circuitry, or various combinations thereof.
[0111] The UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 include memory circuitry implementing memories 340, 386, and 396 (e.g., each including a memory device) , respectively, for maintaining information (e.g., information indicative of reserved resources, thresholds, parameters, and so on) . The memories 340, 386, and 396 may therefore provide means for storing, means for retrieving, means for maintaining, etc. In some cases, the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 may include positioning component 342, 388, and 398, respectively. The positioning component 342, 388, and 398 may be hardware circuits that are part of or coupled to the processors 332, 384, and 394, respectively, that, when executed, cause the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein. In other aspects, the positioning component 342, 388, and 398 may be external to the processors 332, 384, and 394 (e.g., part of a modem processing system, integrated with another processing system, etc. ) . Alternatively, the positioning component 342, 388, and 398 may be memory modules stored in the memories 340, 386, and 396, respectively, that, when executed by the processors 332, 384, and 394 (or a modem processing system, another processing system, etc. ) , cause the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein. FIG. 3A illustrates possible locations of the positioning component 342, which may be, for example, part of the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the memory 340, the one or more processors 332, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component. FIG. 3B illustrates possible locations of the positioning component 388, which may be, for example, part of the one or more WWAN transceivers 350, the memory 386, the one or more processors 384, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component. FIG. 3C illustrates possible locations of the positioning component 398, which may be, for example, part of the one or more network transceivers 390, the memory 396, the one or more processors 394, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component.
[0112] The UE 302 may include one or more sensors 344 coupled to the one or more processors 332 to provide means for sensing or detecting movement and / or orientation information that is independent of motion data derived from signals received by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320, and / or the satellite signal receiver 330. By way of example, the sensor (s) 344 may include an accelerometer (e.g., a micro-electrical mechanical systems (MEMS) device) , a gyroscope, a geomagnetic sensor (e.g., a compass) , an altimeter (e.g., a barometric pressure altimeter) , and / or any other type of movement detection sensor. Moreover, the sensor (s) 344 may include a plurality of different types of devices and combine their outputs in order to provide motion information. For example, the sensor (s) 344 may use a combination of a multi-axis accelerometer and orientation sensors to provide the ability to compute positions in two-dimensional (2D) and / or three-dimensional (3D) coordinate systems.
[0113] In addition, the UE 302 includes a user interface 346 providing means for providing indications (e.g., audible and / or visual indications) to a user and / or for receiving user input (e.g., upon user actuation of a sensing device such a keypad, a touch screen, a microphone, and so on) . Although not shown, the base station 304 and the network entity 306 may also include user interfaces.
[0114] Referring to the one or more processors 384 in more detail, in the downlink, IP packets from the network entity 306 may be provided to the processor 384. The one or more processors 384 may implement functionality for an RRC layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The one or more processors 384 may provide RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., master information block (MIB) , system information blocks (SIBs) ) , RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release) , inter-RAT mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification) , and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ) , concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs) , re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, scheduling information reporting, error correction, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.
[0115] The transmitter 354 and the receiver 352 may implement Layer-1 (L1) functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer-1, which includes a physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, modulation / demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing. The transmitter 354 handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) , quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) , M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK) , M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) ) . The coded and modulated symbols may then be split into parallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM symbol stream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimate may be derived from a reference signal and / or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 302. Each spatial stream may then be provided to one or more different antennas 356. The transmitter 354 may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
[0116] At the UE 302, the receiver 312 receives a signal through its respective antenna (s) 316. The receiver 312 recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the one or more processors 332. The transmitter 314 and the receiver 312 implement Layer-1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The receiver 312 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 302. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 302, they may be combined by the receiver 312 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The receiver 312 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT) . The frequency domain signal comprises a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 304. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by a channel estimator. The soft decisions are then decoded and de-interleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted by the base station 304 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to the one or more processors 332, which implements Layer-3 (L3) and Layer-2 (L2) functionality.
[0117] In the downlink, the one or more processors 332 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the core network. The one or more processors 332 are also responsible for error detection.
[0118] Similar to the functionality described in connection with the downlink transmission by the base station 304, the one or more processors 332 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification) ; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs) , demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) , priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.
[0119] Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 304 may be used by the transmitter 314 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the transmitter 314 may be provided to different antenna (s) 316. The transmitter 314 may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
[0120] The uplink transmission is processed at the base station 304 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 302. The receiver 352 receives a signal through its respective antenna (s) 356. The receiver 352 recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the one or more processors 384.
[0121] In the uplink, the one or more processors 384 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets from the UE 302. IP packets from the one or more processors 384 may be provided to the core network. The one or more processors 384 are also responsible for error detection.
[0122] For convenience, the UE 302, the base station 304, and / or the network entity 306 are shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C as including various components that may be configured according to the various examples described herein. It will be appreciated, however, that the illustrated components may have different functionality in different designs. In particular, various components in FIGS. 3A to 3C are optional in alternative configurations and the various aspects include configurations that may vary due to design choice, costs, use of the device, or other considerations. For example, in case of FIG. 3A, a particular implementation of UE 302 may omit the WWAN transceiver (s) 310 (e.g., a wearable device or tablet computer or personal computer (PC) or laptop may have Wi-Fi and / or capability without cellular capability) , or may omit the short-range wireless transceiver (s) 320 (e.g., cellular-only, etc. ) , or may omit the satellite signal receiver 330, or may omit the sensor (s) 344, and so on. In another example, in case of FIG. 3B, a particular implementation of the base station 304 may omit the WWAN transceiver (s) 350 (e.g., a Wi-Fi “hotspot” access point without cellular capability) , or may omit the short-range wireless transceiver (s) 360 (e.g., cellular-only, etc. ) , or may omit the satellite signal receiver 370, and so on. For brevity, illustration of the various alternative configurations is not provided herein, but would be readily understandable to one skilled in the art.
[0123] The various components of the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 may be communicatively coupled to each other over data buses 334, 382, and 392, respectively. In an aspect, the data buses 334, 382, and 392 may form, or be part of, a communication interface of the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306, respectively. For example, where different logical entities are embodied in the same device (e.g., gNB and location server functionality incorporated into the same base station 304) , the data buses 334, 382, and 392 may provide communication between them.
[0124] The components of FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C may be implemented in various ways. In some implementations, the components of FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C may be implemented in one or more circuits such as, for example, one or more processors and / or one or more ASICs (which may include one or more processors) . Here, each circuit may use and / or incorporate at least one memory component for storing information or executable code used by the circuit to provide this functionality. For example, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 310 to 346 may be implemented by processor and memory component (s) of the UE 302 (e.g., by execution of appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of processor components) . Similarly, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 350 to 388 may be implemented by processor and memory component (s) of the base station 304 (e.g., by execution of appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of processor components) . Also, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 390 to 398 may be implemented by processor and memory component (s) of the network entity 306 (e.g., by execution of appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of processor components) . For simplicity, various operations, acts, and / or functions are described herein as being performed “by a UE, ” “by a base station, ” “by a network entity, ” etc. However, as will be appreciated, such operations, acts, and / or functions may actually be performed by specific components or combinations of components of the UE 302, base station 304, network entity 306, etc., such as the processors 332, 384, 394, the transceivers 310, 320, 350, and 360, the memories 340, 386, and 396, the positioning component 342, 388, and 398, etc.
[0125] In some designs, the network entity 306 may be implemented as a core network component. In other designs, the network entity 306 may be distinct from a network operator or operation of the cellular network infrastructure (e.g., NG RAN 220 and / or 5GC 210 / 260) . For example, the network entity 306 may be a component of a private network that may be configured to communicate with the UE 302 via the base station 304 or independently from the base station 304 (e.g., over a non-cellular communication link, such as Wi-Fi) .
[0126] NR supports a number of cellular network-based positioning technologies, including downlink-based, uplink-based, and downlink-and-uplink-based positioning methods. Downlink-based positioning methods include observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) in LTE, downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA) in NR, and downlink angle-of-departure (DL-AoD) in NR. FIG. 4 illustrates examples of various positioning methods, according to aspects of the disclosure. In an OTDOA or DL-TDOA positioning procedure, illustrated by scenario 410, a UE measures the differences between the times of arrival (ToAs) of reference signals (e.g., positioning reference signals (PRS) ) received from pairs of base stations, referred to as reference signal time difference (RSTD) or time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements, and reports them to a positioning entity. More specifically, the UE receives the identifiers (IDs) of a reference base station (e.g., a serving base station) and multiple non-reference base stations in assistance data. The UE then measures the RSTD between the reference base station and each of the non-reference base stations. Based on the known locations of the involved base stations and the RSTD measurements, the positioning entity (e.g., the UE for UE-based positioning or a location server for UE-assisted positioning) can estimate the UE’s location.
[0127] For DL-AoD positioning, illustrated by scenario 420, the positioning entity uses a measurement report from the UE of received signal strength measurements of multiple downlink transmit beams to determine the angle (s) between the UE and the transmitting base station (s) . The positioning entity can then estimate the location of the UE based on the determined angle (s) and the known location (s) of the transmitting base station (s) .
[0128] Uplink-based positioning methods include uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA) and uplink angle-of-arrival (UL-AoA) . UL-TDOA is similar to DL-TDOA, but is based on uplink reference signals (e.g., sounding reference signals (SRS) ) transmitted by the UE to multiple base stations. Specifically, a UE transmits one or more uplink reference signals that are measured by a reference base station and a plurality of non-reference base stations. Each base station then reports the reception time (referred to as the relative time of arrival (RTOA) ) of the reference signal (s) to a positioning entity (e.g., a location server) that knows the locations and relative timing of the involved base stations. Based on the reception-to-reception (Rx-Rx) time difference between the reported RTOA of the reference base station and the reported RTOA of each non-reference base station, the known locations of the base stations, and their known timing offsets, the positioning entity can estimate the location of the UE using TDOA.
[0129] For UL-AoA positioning, one or more base stations measure the received signal strength of one or more uplink reference signals (e.g., SRS) received from a UE on one or more uplink receive beams. The positioning entity uses the signal strength measurements and the angle (s) of the receive beam (s) to determine the angle (s) between the UE and the base station (s) . Based on the determined angle (s) and the known location (s) of the base station (s) , the positioning entity can then estimate the location of the UE.
[0130] Downlink-and-uplink-based positioning methods include enhanced cell-ID (E-CID) positioning and multi-round-trip-time (RTT) positioning (also referred to as “multi-cell RTT” and “multi-RTT” ) . In an RTT procedure, a first entity (e.g., a base station or a UE) transmits a first RTT-related signal (e.g., a PRS or SRS) to a second entity (e.g., a UE or base station) , which transmits a second RTT-related signal (e.g., an SRS or PRS) back to the first entity. Each entity measures the time difference between the time of arrival (ToA) of the received RTT-related signal and the transmission time of the transmitted RTT-related signal. This time difference is referred to as a reception-to-transmission (Rx-Tx) time difference. The Rx-Tx time difference measurement may be made, or may be adjusted, to include only a time difference between nearest slot boundaries for the received and transmitted signals. Both entities may then send their Rx-Tx time difference measurement to a location server (e.g., an LMF 270) , which calculates the round trip propagation time (i.e., RTT) between the two entities from the two Rx-Tx time difference measurements (e.g., as the sum of the two Rx-Tx time difference measurements) . Alternatively, one entity may send its Rx-Tx time difference measurement to the other entity, which then calculates the RTT. The distance between the two entities can be determined from the RTT and the known signal speed (e.g., the speed of light) . For multi-RTT positioning, illustrated by scenario 430, a first entity (e.g., a UE or base station) performs an RTT positioning procedure with multiple second entities (e.g., multiple base stations or UEs) to enable the location of the first entity to be determined (e.g., using multilateration) based on distances to, and the known locations of, the second entities. RTT and multi-RTT methods can be combined with other positioning techniques, such as UL-AoA and DL-AoD, to improve location accuracy, as illustrated by scenario 440.
[0131] The E-CID positioning method is based on radio resource management (RRM) measurements. In E-CID, the UE reports the serving cell ID, the timing advance (TA) , and the identifiers, estimated timing, and signal strength of detected neighbor base stations. The location of the UE is then estimated based on this information and the known locations of the base station (s) .
[0132] To assist positioning operations, a location server (e.g., location server 230, LMF 270, SLP 272) may provide assistance data to the UE. For example, the assistance data may include identifiers of the base stations (or the cells / TRPs of the base stations) from which to measure reference signals, the reference signal configuration parameters (e.g., the number of consecutive slots including PRS, periodicity of the consecutive slots including PRS, muting sequence, frequency hopping sequence, reference signal identifier, reference signal bandwidth, etc. ) , and / or other parameters applicable to the particular positioning method. Alternatively, the assistance data may originate directly from the base stations themselves (e.g., in periodically broadcasted overhead messages, etc. ) . In some cases, the UE may be able to detect neighbor network nodes itself without the use of assistance data.
[0133] In the case of an OTDOA or DL-TDOA positioning procedure, the assistance data may further include an expected RSTD value and an associated uncertainty, or search window, around the expected RSTD. In some cases, the value range of the expected RSTD may be + / -500 microseconds (μs) . In some cases, when any of the resources used for the positioning measurement are in FR1, the value range for the uncertainty of the expected RSTD may be + / -32 μs. In other cases, when all of the resources used for the positioning measurement (s) are in FR2, the value range for the uncertainty of the expected RSTD may be + / -8 μs.
[0134] A location estimate may be referred to by other names, such as a position estimate, location, position, position fix, fix, or the like. A location estimate may be geodetic and comprise coordinates (e.g., latitude, longitude, and possibly altitude) or may be civic and comprise a street address, postal address, or some other verbal description of a location. A location estimate may further be defined relative to some other known location or defined in absolute terms (e.g., using latitude, longitude, and possibly altitude) . A location estimate may include an expected error or uncertainty (e.g., by including an area or volume within which the location is expected to be included with some specified or default level of confidence) .
[0135] Wireless communication signals (e.g., radio frequency (RF) signals configured to carry orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in accordance with a wireless communications standard, such as LTE, NR, etc. ) transmitted between a UE and a base station can be used for environment sensing (also referred to as “RF sensing” or “radar” ) . Using wireless communication signals for environment sensing can be regarded as consumer-level radar with advanced detection capabilities that enable, among other things, touchless / device-free interaction with a device / system. The wireless communication signals may be cellular communication signals, such as LTE or NR signals, WLAN signals, such as Wi-Fi signals, etc. As a particular example, the wireless communication signals may be an OFDM waveform as utilized in LTE and NR. High-frequency communication signals, such as millimeter wave (mmW) RF signals, are especially beneficial to use as radar signals because the higher frequency provides, at least, more accurate range (distance) detection.
[0136] Possible use cases of RF sensing include health monitoring use cases, such as heartbeat detection, respiration rate monitoring, and the like, gesture recognition use cases, such as human activity recognition, keystroke detection, sign language recognition, and the like, contextual information acquisition use cases, such as location detection / tracking, direction finding, range estimation, and the like, and automotive radar use cases, such as smart cruise control, collision avoidance, and the like.
[0137] There are different types of sensing, including monostatic sensing (also referred to as “active sensing” ) and bistatic sensing (also referred to as “passive sensing” ) . FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate these different types of sensing. Specifically, FIG. 5A is a diagram 500 illustrating a monostatic sensing scenario and FIG. 5B is a diagram 530 illustrating a bistatic sensing scenario. In FIG. 5A, the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) are co-located in the same sensing device 504 (e.g., a UE) . The sensing device 504 transmits one or more RF sensing signals 534 (e.g., uplink or sidelink positioning reference signals (PRS) where the sensing device 504 is a UE) , and some of the RF sensing signals 534 reflect off a target object 506. The sensing device 504 can measure various properties (e.g., times of arrival (ToAs) , angles of arrival (AoAs) , phase shift, etc. ) of the reflections 536 of the RF sensing signals 534 to determine characteristics of the target object 506 (e.g., size, shape, speed, motion state, etc. ) .
[0138] In FIG. 5B, the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) are not co-located, that is, they are separate devices (e.g., a UE and a base station) . Note that while FIG. 5B illustrates using a downlink RF signal as the RF sensing signal 532, uplink RF signals or sidelink RF signals can also be used as RF sensing signals 532. In a downlink scenario, as shown, the transmitter is a base station and the receiver is a UE, whereas in an uplink scenario, the transmitter is a UE and the receiver is a base station.
[0139] Referring to FIG. 5B in greater detail, the transmitter device 502 transmits RF sensing signals 532 and 534 (e.g., positioning reference signals (PRS) ) to the sensing device 504, but some of the RF sensing signals 534 reflect off a target object 506. The sensing device 504 (also referred to as the “sensing device” ) can measure the times of arrival (ToAs) of the RF sensing signals 532 received directly from the transmitter device and the ToAs of the reflections 536 of the RF sensing signals 534 reflected from the target object 506.
[0140] More specifically, as described above, a transmitter device (e.g., a base station) may transmit a single RF signal or multiple RF signals to a sensing device (e.g., a UE) . However, the receiver may receive multiple RF signals corresponding to each transmitted RF signal due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels. Each path may be associated with a cluster of one or more channel taps. Generally, the time at which the receiver detects the first cluster of channel taps is considered the ToA of the RF signal on the line-of-site (LOS) path (i.e., the shortest path between the transmitter and the receiver) . Later clusters of channel taps are considered to have reflected off objects between the transmitter and the receiver and therefore to have followed non-LOS (NLOS) paths between the transmitter and the receiver.
[0141] Thus, referring back to FIG. 5B, the RF sensing signals 532 followed the LOS path between the transmitter device 502 and the sensing device 504, and the RF sensing signals 534 followed an NLOS path between the transmitter device 502 and the sensing device 504 due to reflecting off the target object 506. The transmitter device 502 may have transmitted multiple RF sensing signals 532, 534, some of which followed the LOS path and others of which followed the NLOS path. Alternatively, the transmitter device 502 may have transmitted a single RF sensing signal in a broad enough beam that a portion of the RF sensing signal followed the LOS path (RF sensing signal 532) and a portion of the RF sensing signal followed the fifth) .
[0142] Based on the ToA of the LOS path, the ToA of the NLOS path, and the speed of light, the sensing device 504 can determine the distance to the target object (s) . For example, the sensing device 504 can calculate the distance to the target object as the difference between the ToA of the LOS path and the ToA of the NLOS path multiplied by the speed of light. In addition, if the sensing device 504 is capable of receive beamforming, the sensing device 504 may be able to determine the general direction to a target object as the direction (angle) of the receive beam on which the RF sensing signal following the NLOS path was received. That is, the sensing device 504 may determine the direction to the target object as the angle of arrival (AoA) of the RF sensing signal, which is the angle of the receive beam used to receive the RF sensing signal. The sensing device 504 may then optionally report this information to the transmitter device 502, its serving base station, an application server associated with the core network, an external client, a third-party application, or some other sensing entity. Alternatively, the sensing device 504 may report the ToA measurements to the transmitter device 502, or other sensing entity (e.g., if the sensing device 504 does not have the processing capability to perform the calculations itself) , and the transmitter device 502 may determine the distance and, optionally, the direction to the target object 506.
[0143] Note that if the RF sensing signals are uplink RF signals transmitted by a UE to a base station, the base station would perform object detection based on the uplink RF signals just like the UE does based on the downlink RF signals.
[0144] Certain aspects of the disclosure are related to Joint Communication and Sensing (JCS) in cellular systems. In an aspect, JCS generally relates to using the same cellular infrastructure for both communication purposes and sensing applications. Communications constitute the primary use of the cellular infrastructure, which includes the transmission and receiving of data for various applications like smartphones, IoT devices, autonomous vehicles, etc. In addition to communication, cellular technology also has the potential to serve as a sensing network. This means it can detect and gather information about the environment. For example, cellular networks can be used for radio-based sensing applications such as target object detection, crowd analytics, gesture recognition, vital signs monitoring, etc. JCS systems leverage the existing cellular infrastructure to provide sensing capabilities, thereby eliminating the need for separate, dedicated sensing networks. This can help create smart cities, intelligent transportation systems, and other applications where sensing and communication can work together to provide more efficient and effective solutions.
[0145] JCS systems may implement various techniques for obtaining positioning information. For example, using the JCS system's communication infrastructure, the target device's position may be determined using standard cellular-based positioning techniques that employ positioning reference signals (e.g., download positioning reference signals (DL-PRS) . Conventional cellular-based positioning techniques often require a UE to measure positioning reference signals (e.g., download positioning reference signals (DL-PRS) ) . A UE that is to measure DL-PRS may report its DL-PRS processing capabilities (e.g., DL-PRS buffering capabilities, processing time constraints, etc. ) to a network node. Details relating to the reporting of the UE’s DL-PRS processing capabilities for 5G networks are discussed in the 3GPPTM standards (e.g., TS 38.306 Clause 4.2.7.2, clause 5.1.6.5 of TS 38.214) , which are hereby incorporated by reference.
[0146] In contrast to traditional cellular-based positioning techniques, radio-based sensing in JCS systems employ sensing signals (e.g., reference signals (RS) ) that are used to estimate the range (distance) , velocity (Doppler) , and angle (AoA) of a target object. The performance (e.g., resolution and maximum values of range, velocity, and angle) depends on the design of the sensing signal, which may differ from the design of the DL-PRS.
[0147] Generally, sensing in JCS systems seeks to optimize various types of measurements (e.g., range, doppler (speed) , angle, and elevation) . The performance of the JCS system is often based on the sensing signal resource configuration used to transmit and measure the sensing signals as well as the parameters of the sensing search window employed by the UE to measure the sensing signal resources. For example, the Doppler granularity obtained from the sensing measurements or velocity determinations is dependent on the length of the sensing search window. A sensing search window with a long duration can provide high Doppler granularity but may also result in high-power consumption at the sensing device (e.g., UE) since the UE must actively monitor and measure the sensing signals over the entire duration of the sensing search window. Long-duration sensing search windows also present phase continuity challenges since the UE may not be capable of maintaining phase continuity between successive sensing signal measurements over the entire duration of the search window.
[0148] The accuracy of the various types of measurements obtained from the sensing signals is also at least partially dependent on the sensing signal resource density and / or the density of the sensing signal measurement occasions. However, such high-density scenarios often require the UE to perform more sensing signal measurements. The number of sensing signal measurements that may be performed by the UE may be limited by the buffering capabilities of the UE. UEs with minimal buffering capabilities may be unsuitable for such high-density scenarios. Additionally, the large number of sensing signal measurements required in such scenarios may result in the UE consuming a substantial amount of power to execute the JCS sensing operations.
[0149] FIG. 6 is a diagram 600 depicting sensing occasions 602 in which sensing signals are transmitted for JCS sensing, according to aspects of the disclosure. Here, the sensing occasions 602 are periodic, but other sensing resource configurations may have different timing characteristics. A UE tasked with measuring the sensing signals during the sensing occasions 602 is typically configured with a sensing search window 604 during which the UE measures the sensing signals. Here, five sensing occasions 602 occur during the sensing search window 604. As such, the sensing UE should be capable of buffering at least five sensing signal measurements (e.g., the I / Q samples corresponding to the sensing signal measurements) . Additionally, the UE should be capable of maintaining phase continuity between sensing signal measurements in adjacent sensing occasions 602.
[0150] FIG. 7 illustrates a buffering scenario 700 for a conventional cellular-based positioning session employing positioning reference signals (PRS) , according to aspects of the disclosure. In this example, the requisite positioning information (e.g., based on the ToA of the PRS) may be obtained by measuring a single PRS resource 704 by the UE. Here, the PRS measurement sample 706 is stored in a buffer 708 at the UE for processing. Since the UE only measures a single PRS resource in this example, the resulting PRS measurement sample 706 only occupies a single sample location within the buffer 708.
[0151] The buffering requirements for a UE measuring sensing signals for JCS sensing differ from the buffering requirements for the UE when measuring PRS in a conventional cellular-based positioning session. In a JCS sensing scenario, the buffering capability of the UE affects the sensing performance and the UE power consumption. Buffering scenario 702 shows the buffering of sensing signals during JCS sensing. In JCS sensing scenarios, the sensing search window is defined as the time when the UE should measure the sensing signal resource. Generally, the sensing search window is longer than the configured sensing signal resource. One reason for using the longer sensing search window is that it may be difficult to keep the UE synchronized with the TRPs or network transmitting the sensing signals in the JCS sensing scenario.
[0152] The maximum duration of the sensing search window that can be employed with a UE depends on the buffering capabilities of the UE. For long-duration sensing search windows, high-density measurement occasions require a more extensive buffering capability than required for a conventional positioning session. In a JCS sensing scenario employing a single node (e.g., single TRP) for transmission of the sensing signals, the number of sensing signals that the UE must measure and store in its buffer to meet the requirements of the JCS sensing session is limited. However, in multi-static JCS sensing scenarios, where several nodes are employed to transmit the sensing signals, the UE must measure and store a larger number of sensing signal samples. As such, the UE must have greater buffering capabilities in multi-static scenarios than in the model-static JCS sensing scenario. If the UE cannot meet the buffering requirements for the multi-static JCS sensing session, the buffered data may exceed the buffering capability of the UE. Additionally, since the UE should be active to measure the configured resources during a larger sensing search window, the buffering and post-processing to extract the range, doppler, or other information may result in the UE consuming more power.
[0153] FIG. 8 illustrates a buffering scenario 800 for JCS sensing in which the UE measures sensing signals transmitted by two transmission nodes, according to aspects of the disclosure. In this example, the first transmission node transmits two sensing signals 802 (labeled RS1) in a first sensing signal resource 804. The second transmission node transmits two sensing signals 806 (labeled RS2) in a second sensing signal resource 808. To meet the JCS sensing requirements for this example sensing session, the UE stores four sensing signal samples in its buffer 812, which requires quadruple the buffer storage capacity than required in buffering scenario 700.
[0154] As illustrated in FIGs. 7 and 8, the buffering capabilities of the UE for sensing have specific requirements that differ from the buffering capabilities of the UE for cellular-based positioning. As shown by these examples, in cellular-based positioning, the UE only needs to buffer single instances of the PRS from each transmission node to calculate the position. However, the UE must buffer more sensing signals per transmission node in a JCS sensing scenario to meet the sensing session requirements.
[0155] Given the foregoing, the buffering capabilities reported by the UE for cellular-based positioning scenarios are unsuitable for use in JCS sensing scenarios. For example, in the positioning scenario, the UE could report that it possesses the minimal buffering capability for the scheduled positioning resource measurement since fewer PRS measurements are typically needed to meet the positioning session performance requirements. To conserve power, the UE may report a minimal buffering capability. The minimal buffering capability reported by the UE may be significantly less than the actual buffering capability of the UE.
[0156] In contrast, JCS sensing scenarios require the UE to measure and buffer a larger number of sensing signal instances (e.g., at least two sensing signals per transmission node) since more sensing signal instances can usually improve the accuracy of the measurements derived from the sensing signal measurements. As such, the buffered sensing signal instances should not exceed the actual buffering capability of the UE. Consequently, the buffer capability reported by the UE for JCS sensing should be equal to or only slightly less than the actual buffering capability of UE. The reported buffering capabilities should meet the performance requirement of the sensing session, which are typically less than the buffering capabilities needed to meet the performance requirements of a cellular-based positioning session. However, the larger buffering requirements typically come with a higher power cost.
[0157] Certain aspects of the disclosure are implemented with the recognition that the network entity (e.g., network server, sensing management function (SMF) , etc. ) tasked with scheduling the sensing signal resource for a JCS sensing session should consider the buffering capability of the UE. Several scenarios and factors should be considered. For example, consideration should be given to the sensing mode (e.g., static, multi-static, etc. ) used for the JCS sensing session. Further, the buffering capabilities of the UE should be considered when scheduling the sensing search window length or sensing signal density of the sensing signal resource.
[0158] In view of the foregoing, given the UE’s reported JCS sensing buffering capabilities, the network entity may allocate the sensing signal resources for multiple sensing signal transmission nodes within the same sensing search window (see, e.g., FIG 8) . The sensing signal resource scheduling by the network entity may be based on a balance between the Doppler resolution needed for the JCS sensing session and the number of transmission nodes that the UE must buffer. By scheduling the sensing signal resources to be concurrently measured during the same sensing search window, the search space used by the UE may be reduced to conserve UE power.
[0159] Additionally, the UE should maintain the phase continuity between adjacent sensing signals of a sensing signal resource. The network entity may consider the phase continuity capabilities (which may be reported by the UE as part of its buffering capabilities) when establishing the sensing search window length. For example, the network entity may determine that the size of the UE’s buffer may accommodate the sensing signals scheduled in a given sensing search window duration but that the UE cannot maintain phase continuity during the given sensing search window duration. In such instances, the UE may configure the sensing search window duration (e.g., reduce the duration) to correspond to a duration in which the UE can maintain phase continuity for the duration of the sensing search window.
[0160] FIG. 9 illustrates a JCS sensing scenario 900 in which the UE measures sensing signals transmitted by two transmission nodes, according to aspects of the disclosure. In this example, the first transmission node transmits sensing signals (labeled TX1) in a first sensing signal resource 902. The second transmission node transmits sensing signals (labeled TX2) in a second sensing signal resource 904. The sensing signal resources 902 and 904 have been scheduled within the same sensing search window 906. Additionally, the duration of the sensing search window 906 is small enough to allow the UE to maintain the phase continuity of the sensing signals. The samples of the sensing signals (TX1 and TX2) are stored in the buffer 908 of the UE.
[0161] In accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure, it has been recognized that large sensing search window durations lead to high buffering requirements and power costs at the UE. As such, in an aspect, other joint processing between sensing signals and other reference signals can help reduce the duration of the sensing search window.
[0162] In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, the UE reports, to a network entity, separate buffering capabilities for positioning sessions versus JCS sensing sessions. In an aspect, JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities are based on 1) a total duration (Ns) of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during a time duration (Ts) for a given bandwidth (Bs) of the sensing signals. In an example, for every Ts ms, given the maximum bandwidth Bs, the maximum duration of sensing symbols that can be processed by the UE is Ns. Additionally, or in the alternative, the JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities may be based on the maximum number of sensing signals (Ms) that can be processed in a given slot. Additionally, or in the alternative, the total duration Ns, time duration Ts, and / or maximum number of sensing signals Ms may be reported based on the sub-carrier spacing (SCS) associated with the sensing signals as opposed to being based on the bandwidth Bs. In accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure, the foregoing buffering capabilities may be further based on particular sensing scenarios (e.g., monostatic, bistatic, multi-static, or a combination thereof) .
[0163] FIG. 10 depicts an example sensing scenario 1000 in which the sensing signal resources have been scheduled to meet the maximum sensing signal duration requirement Ns associated with the time duration Ts and given bandwidth (Bs or SCS) associated with the sensing signal resources, according to aspects of the disclosure. In this example, the UE is tasked with measuring the sensing signals occurring at sensing signal symbol instances 2 and 3 of each of three sensing signal occasions 1002, 1004, and 1006 occurring during a scheduled sensing search window 1008. Based on the buffering capabilities Ns, Ts, and parameters Bs and / or SCS reported by the UE, the network entity schedules the sensing search window duration Tsw and sensing resources to not exceed the buffering capabilities of the UE. In this regard, the accumulated duration T1 of the sensing signals may be determined as: ∑ (|Tend1-Tstart1|+|Tend2-Tstart2|+|Tend3-Tstart3|) =T1
[0164] In an aspect, the network entity may schedule the sensing signal resources such that:
[0165] FIG. 11 shows an example of a configured slot set 1100 for JCS sensing, according to aspects of the disclosure. In an aspect, the configured slot set 1100 includes sensing slots that are used for the sensing signals. Here, slots 3 and 5 are used for this purpose. In this example, the scheduling network entity may use the JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities specified by the maximum number of sensing signals Ms that the UE is capable of processing in a given slot to schedule the sensing signal resources included in each slot of the configured slot set 1100. Additionally, or in the alternative, the scheduling network entity may use the reported Ns, Ts, and Bs or SCS parameters to ensure that the sensing configuration for the UE does not exceed its JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities.
[0166] In an aspect, the duration of the sensing RS symbols should meet where μ is the corresponding SCS in the band, S is the set of slots based on the numerology of PRS of a serving cell within a P msec window in the positioning frequency layer that contains potential DL PRS resources (e.g., S = {slotindex0, slotindex1, slotindex2, slotindex3, ….. } ) , and the number of slots in the set determines the duration. In an aspect, the reported N, T, and B set the constraint on the value for T1, such that T1 may be used to determine how many slots can be triggered in a given time T. In an aspect, the time T is set so that it is not larger than the time T1 and the configured RS resource that is configured for the resource in the set is not greater larger than MS.
[0167] Generally, in JCS sensing, the scheduled sensing signal resource includes multiple sensing occasions, each including multiple sensing signal symbols. In certain scenarios, the JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE may prevent the UE from sensing all of the available sensing occasions. FIG. 12 shows an example scenario 1200 in which a UE is unable to measure the sensing signals in all of the available sensing occasions during the sensing search window, according to aspects of the disclosure. In this example, the sensing search window 1202 spans Sensing Occasion 1 and Sensing Occasion 2. However, only the first six symbols of Sensing Occasion 3 are within the sensing search window 1202. If the UE can only sense all of the symbols included in a complete sensing occasion, the UE will not sense the sensing signals in symbols 2-4 of Sensing occasion 3. The initial duration Tsw of the sensing search window 1202 results in the UE consuming more power than necessary since the UE does not sense the sensing signals in symbols 2-4 of Sensing occasion 3. In an aspect, the duration Tsw of the sensing search window 1202 may be reduced to only encompass the symbols in Sensing occasion 1 and Sensing occasion 2 thereby reducing the power consumption of the UE during the JCS sensing session. However, it may be desirable to sense all available sensing signals occurring during the original duration Tsw of the sensing search window 1102 to increase the accuracy of the measurements derived for the target object from the sensing signals.
[0168] To address scenarios such as those shown in FIG. 12, the UE may be provisioned with partial sensing capabilities, which may be reported to the scheduling network entity. FIG. 13 shows an example JCS sensing scenario 1300 in which the UE is capable of partial sensing, according to aspects of the disclosure. Here, the UE is capable of sensing a subset of the sensing signal resources (e.g., a subset of sensing symbols of a single sensing occasion) . In this example, the JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE are limited to sensing a total of 7.5 sensing symbols. Accordingly, the UE senses all of the sensing symbols included in Sensing Occasion 1 and Sensing Occasion 2. Since the UE can sense a subset of the sensing signal resources, it senses the sensing signal occurring at symbol 2 of Sensing Occasion 3. As such, the UE senses 7 sensing symbols in scenario 1300.
[0169] FIG. 14 shows an example JCS sensing scenario 1400 in which the UE is likewise capable of partial sensing, according to aspects of the disclosure. The partial sensing capability of the UE in the JCS sensing scenario 1400 is extended from the partial sensing capability of the UE in JCS sensing scenario 1300 in that the UE is provisioned to sense partial sensing signals (e.g., a portion of a symbol carrying a sensing signal) . Assuming again that the JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE limited to sensing 7.5 symbols, the UE senses all of the sensing symbols included in Sensing occasion 1 and Sensing occasion 2 as well as the sensing signal occurring at symbol 2 of Sensing occasion 3. However, since the UE has partial symbol sensing capabilities, the UE also senses half of the sensing signal transmitted in symbol 3 of Sensing occasion 3 thereby exercising its complete sensing capability to sense 7.5 sensing symbols.
[0170] In accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure, the JCS sensing signal buffering capability of the UE may be based on the ability of the UE to maintain or resume phase continuity between adjacent sensing signals (e.g., successive instances of the sensing signal resource) . In an aspect, the UE may report its phase continuity capabilities to the scheduling network entity as part of the JCS sensing signal buffer capabilities report. In accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure, the UE may report one or more of the following capabilities: 1) the capability of the UE to maintain or restore the phase continuity among adjacent sensing resource occasions, 2) the capability of the UE to maintain or restore the phase continuity from partially sensed resources, 3) the capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity after waking up from a low-power mode (e.g., a sleep mode) .
[0171] In most JCS sensing scenarios, it may be assumed that the UE can maintain the phase continuity of sensing signals occurring during a single sensing occasion. If the UE can maintain or restore the phase continuity among adjacent sensing resource occasions, as shown in the example JCS sensing scenario 1500 of FIG. 15, the scheduling network entity may schedule multiple sensing occasions for the sensing signal resource in a sparse pattern. In an example sparse pattern, the sensing occasion may be scheduled with a long gap between consecutive sensing occasions. In an aspect, the gap might be empty or be scheduled for data transmission or other sensing service. However, in certain scenarios the UE may be unable to maintain or restore phase continuity among adjacent sensing resource occasions. In that case, the scheduling network entity need only schedule one sensing occasion, provided the one scheduling occasion is long enough to ensure the accuracy and granularity needed for the JCS sensing session.
[0172] If the UE can maintain or restore the phase continuity from partially sensed resources, the scheduling network entity may schedule the sensing resources as shown in FIGs. 13 or 14. If the UE does not have such partial sensing capabilities, the scheduling network entity may limit the sensing to several complete sensing occasions (e.g., only scheduling Sensing occasions 1 and 2 of FIG. 12) .
[0173] If the UE has the capability of maintaining or restoring phase continuity between sensing signals after waking up from a low-power mode, the UE can freely exercise its sleep / wake-up schedule to save power. If not, the UE should remain active during the JCS sensing session to allow the UE to maintain the phase continuity between the sensing signals.
[0174] In accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure, the phase continuity capabilities of the UE may be based on the duration of a window. In an aspect, the UE may report a value for Tsearching corresponding to the maximum length of the sensing search window during which the UE can be active to detect and measure the sensing signals. In an aspect, the UE may report a value for Tp corresponding to the maximum length of the phase-continuity window during which the UE can maintain or restore phase continuity.
[0175] FIG. 16 shows an example JCS sensing scenario 1600 in which the scheduling network entity uses window durations reported by the UE to schedule the sensing signal resources, according to aspects of the disclosure. In this example, the UE executes a power saving cycle during which it is awake for a specific duration and sleeps for a specific duration. It is assumed here that the UE has the capability to restore the phase continuity of the sensing signals between wake-up cycles. However, the UE has reported a value for Tp corresponding to the maximum length of the phase-continuity window during which the UE is able to maintain or restore phase continuity, which is shown at phase continuity window 1602. In an aspect, the duration of the sensing search windows 1604 schedule by the scheduling network entity may be less than or equal to the duration specified by Tsearching. In this example, the scheduling network entity has configured a sparse pattern of sensing signals for high-granularity Doppler estimations.
[0176] In some scenarios, the configured sensing signal resources may exceed the UE’s JCS sensing signal buffer capabilities resulting in sensing measurement failures. FIG. 17 shows an example message flow 1700 between a UE 1702 and a network server 1704 (e.g., sensing resource scheduling entity, SMF, LMF, etc. ) when a sensing measurement failure occurs at the UE, according to aspects of the disclosure. In an aspect, the message flow shown in FIG. 17 may take place using RRC signaling.
[0177] In this example, the network server 1704 sends the UE 1702 an initial measurement configuration for sensing the sensing resources of the JCS sensing session at operation 1706. The UE 1702 may use the initial sensing measurement configuration for sensing and / or for making an initial determination as to whether it has the capability of executing measurements using the initial sensing configuration. However, in this example, the UE 1702 experiences a sensing measurement failure based on its use of the initial measurement configuration or has determined that it will be unable to execute sensing based on the initial sensing configuration. In an aspect, the sensing measurement failure may be based on a buffer overflow (e.g., the number of configured resources is larger than the UE buffering capability, and the sensing signal resources indicated in the sensing measurement configuration would not be processed in time) . In another example, as the UE’s residual frequency drifts (XO drift) the total frequency drift accumulates over time, which may result in the UE being unable to maintain the phase continuity between consecutive resource signals needed to meet the Doppler accuracy requirements of the session. In such instances, the UE 1702 may send an indication that it has experienced a sensing measurement failure to the network server 1704 at operation 1708.
[0178] According to certain aspects of the disclosure, the UE 1702 may continue participating in the JCS sensing session using another sensing measurement configuration for sensing. In an aspect, the UE 1702 may default to one or more alternate sensing measurement configurations on its own. Additionally, or in the alternative, the network server 1704 may provide a modified and / or new sensing measurement configuration to the UE 1702 at operation 1710. If the UE 1702 successfully executes sensing measurements in accordance with the modified / alternate / new sensing measurement configuration, it may report that it has restored the sensing measurements at operation 1712 and reports the measurements at operation 1714.
[0179] Various modified / alternate / new sensing measurement configurations may be used when the UE experiences a sensing measurement failure. FIG. 18 shows an example JCS sensing scenario 1800 in which a sensing measurement configuration that differs from the initial sensing measurement configuration is utilized in response to a sensing measurement failure at the UE, according to aspects of the disclosure. In this example, the initial sensing measurement configuration indicates that the UE is to measure all of the sensing signal resources 1802. However, the JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE in this example are insufficient to allow sensing all of the sensing signal resources 1802. For example, the sensing signal sample buffer 1804 of the UE may not be capable of storing samples for all of the measured sensing signal resources. In scenario 1800, the UE is reconfigured to store sensing measurements until the buffer is full and to discard measurements occurring after the buffer full condition.
[0180] FIG. 19 shows an example JCS sensing scenario 1900 in which a sensing measurement configuration that differs from the initial sensing measurement configuration is utilized in response to a sensing measurement failure at the UE, according to aspects of the disclosure. In this example, the UE is again unable to measure all sensing resources in the initially configured sensing search window 1902. Accordingly, the UE is reconfigured with another sensing search window 1904 that spans a set of sensing resources that the UE is capable of sensing. In an aspect, the re-configured sensing search window 1904 may be a modified version of the initially configured sensing search window 1902. In FIG. 19, the re-configured sensing search window 1904 begins at the same time as the initially configured sensing search window 1902, but has its duration terminated after a threshold time 1906. Sensing resources occurring after the threshold time 1906 are either not measured or have their sensing measurements discarded without buffering. In aspect, the time threshold 1906 may be based on the phase continuity capability of the UE (e.g., Tp) .
[0181] FIG. 20 shows an example JCS sensing scenario 2000 in which a sensing measurement configuration that differs from the initial sensing measurement configuration is utilized in response to a sensing measurement failure at the UE, according to aspects of the disclosure. In this example, the initially configured sensing search window 2002 spans the range of all sensing resources that are to be sensed by the UE. Here, the initial sensing measurement configuration has been modified to skip and / or discard sensing of some sum of the sensing resources in the sensing search window 2002. In an aspect, the modification may be based on a sampling pattern. In sensing scenario 2000, the sampling pattern is based on sensing only every other sensing resource occurring within the sensing search window 2002.
[0182] In a multi-static JCS sensing scenario, the initial sensing measurement configuration may be modified to discard or skip measurements associated with certain transmission nodes. In an aspect, based on the modification, the UE skips and / or discards sensing the sensing resources transmitted by one or more specified TRPs. For example, only the sensing resource from TRP1 can be measured and buffered, and the sensing resources from other TRPs would be discarded.
[0183] The selection of the above modified / alternate / new sensing measurement configurations may be based on the trade-off between the granularity and accuracy. The sensing search window's time duration partially determines the Doppler estimation's granularity. The density of the measured sensing resources impacts the accuracy of the measurements derived for the target object. For example, in scenario 2000 shown in FIG. 20, the duration of the initially configured sensing search window is maintained for Doppler granularity. However, the reduction in the density of the sensed resources would degrade the accuracy. Similarly, in scenario 1900 shown in FIG. 19, the duration of the re-configured sensing search window 1904 is reduced compared to the duration of the initially configured sensing search window 1902, resulting in a reduced Doppler granularity. However, maintaining the density of the sensing resources assists in ensuring the accuracy of the measurements derived for the target object.
[0184] FIG. 21 illustrates an exemplary method 2100 of communications according to an aspect of the disclosure. The process 2100 of FIG. 21 is performed by a network server of a JCS system. In some designs, the network server may correspond to a network component (e.g., an LMF integrated at gNB / BS 304 / NTN entity, O-RAN component, or a resource scheduling entity such as network entity 306, etc. ) . In a further aspect, the process 2100 of FIG. 21 at the network server may correspond to a process performed in parallel with the processes 2200 of FIG. 22 and / or processes 2300 of FIG. 23 at a UE.
[0185] Referring to FIG. 21, at operation 2102, the network server (e.g., network entity 306) determines one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities associated with a user equipment (UE) , wherein the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities are determined based on sensing signal capabilities reported by the UE. In an aspect, operation 2102 may be performed by the one or more network transceivers 398, the one or more processors 394, memory 396, and / or positioning component 398, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.
[0186] At operation 2104, the network server configures a JCS sensing session based, at least in part, on the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE. In an aspect, operation 2104 may be performed by the one or more network transceivers 398, the one or more processors 394, memory 396, and / or positioning component 398, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.
[0187] As will be appreciated, a technical advantage of the method 2100 is that a network server responsible for sensing resource scheduling may schedule the sensing resources based on the JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE.
[0188] FIG. 22 illustrates an exemplary method 2200 of communications according to an aspect of the disclosure. The method 2200 of FIG. 22 is performed by a UE (e.g., UE 302) . In some designs, the UE may correspond to an anchor UE, a target UE, a server UE, etc. In a further aspect, the method 2200 of FIG. 22 at the UE may correspond to a process performed in parallel with the method 2100 of FIG. 21 at the network server and / or method 2300 of FIG. 23 at the UE.
[0189] At operation 2202, the UE (e.g., UE 302) sends, to a network server of a joint communication and sensing (JCS) system, one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities associated with the UE. In an aspect, operation 2202 may be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.
[0190] At operation 2204, the UE receives, from the network server, a JCS sensing signal measurement configuration based, at least in part, on the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE. In an aspect, operation 2204 may be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.
[0191] As will be appreciated, a technical advantage of the method 2200 is that a network server responsible for scheduling sensing resources has knowledge of the JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE and may schedule the sensing resources based on those capabilities.
[0192] FIG. 23 illustrates an exemplary method 2300 of communications according to an aspect of the disclosure. The method 2300 of FIG. 23 is performed by a UE (e.g., UE 302) . In some designs, the UE may correspond to an anchor UE, a target UE, a server UE, etc. In a further aspect, the method 2300 of FIG. 23 at the UE may correspond to a method performed in parallel with the method 2100 of FIG. 21 at the network server and / or method 2200 of FIG. 22 at the UE.
[0193] At operation 2302, the UE receives, from a network server of a joint communication and sensing (JCS) system, a first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration. In an aspect, operation 2302 may be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.
[0194] At operation 2304, the UE reports, to the network server, a set of sensing signal measurements based on a second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration, wherein the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration is used to provide the set of sensing signal measurements based on one or more JCS sensing signal buffer processing failures at the UE associated with the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration.
[0195] As will be appreciated, a technical advantage of the method 2300 is that the method establishes ways in which the UE and the network server responsible for scheduling sensing resources may employ a new / alternate / modified sensing measurement configuration that differs from the initial sensing measurement configuration when the UE experiences a sensing measurement failure while using the initial sensing measurement configuration.
[0196] In the detailed description above it can be seen that different features are grouped together in examples. This manner of disclosure should not be understood as an intention that the example clauses have more features than are explicitly mentioned in each clause. Rather, the various aspects of the disclosure may include fewer than all features of an individual example clause disclosed. Therefore, the following clauses should hereby be deemed to be incorporated in the description, wherein each clause by itself can stand as a separate example. Although each dependent clause can refer in the clauses to a specific combination with one of the other clauses, the aspect (s) of that dependent clause are not limited to the specific combination. It will be appreciated that other example clauses can also include a combination of the dependent clause aspect (s) with the subject matter of any other dependent clause or independent clause or a combination of any feature with other dependent and independent clauses. The various aspects disclosed herein expressly include these combinations, unless it is explicitly expressed or can be readily inferred that a specific combination is not intended (e.g., contradictory aspects, such as defining an element as both an electrical insulator and an electrical conductor) . Furthermore, it is also intended that aspects of a clause can be included in any other independent clause, even if the clause is not directly dependent on the independent clause.
[0197] Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:
[0198] Clause 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a network server of a joint communication and sensing (JCS) system, comprising: determining one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities associated with a user equipment (UE) , wherein the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities are determined based on sensing signal capabilities reported by the UE; and configuring a JCS sensing session based, at least in part, on the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE.
[0199] Clause 2. The method of clause 1, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a first set of capabilities based on a first total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during a first time duration for a given bandwidth of sensing signals; a second total duration of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during a second time duration for a given sub-carrier spacing associated with the sensing signals; a first maximum number of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE in a slot for the given bandwidth of the sensing signals; a second maximum number of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE in the slot for the given sub-carrier spacing associated with the sensing signals; or a combination thereof.
[0200] Clause 3. The method of clause 2, wherein: the first set of capabilities are further based on a sensing scenario.
[0201] Clause 4. The method of clause 3, wherein: the sensing scenario includes a monostatic sensing scenario; a bistatic sensing scenario; a multi-static sensing scenario; or any combination thereof.
[0202] Clause 5. The method of any of clauses 2 to 4, wherein: the JCS sensing session is configured to include a configured slot set having one or more slots configured for sensing signals.
[0203] Clause 6. The method of clause 5, wherein: the one or more slots configured for sensing signals include sensing signal durations that do not exceed the first total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the first time duration, a second total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the second time duration, or both the first total duration of signals that can be processed by the UE during the first time duration and the second total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the second time duration.
[0204] Clause 7. The method of any of clauses 5 to 6, wherein: each slot of the one or more slots configured for sensing signals has a total number of sensing signals that is less than or equal to the first maximum number, the second maximum number, or both the first maximum number and a second maximum number.
[0205] Clause 8. The method of any of clauses 5 to 7, further comprising: sending a JCS sensing signal measurement configuration to the UE, wherein the JCS sensing signal measurement configuration is based on the configured slot set.
[0206] Clause 9. The method of any of clauses 1 to 8, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a second set of capabilities based on partial sensing of a JCS sensing signal resource.
[0207] Clause 10. The method of clause 9, wherein: the partial sensing of the JCS sensing signal resource is based on a first partial sensing capability of the UE to sense a subset of symbols of the JCS sensing signal resource; a second partial sensing capability of the UE to sense a partial sensing symbol of the JCS sensing signal resource; or a combination thereof.
[0208] Clause 11. The method of any of clauses 1 to 10, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a third set of capabilities based on phase continuity processing capabilities of the UE.
[0209] Clause 12. The method of clause 11, wherein: the third set of capabilities are based on a first capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity among adjacent JCS sensing signal resource occasions; a second capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity for a partially sensed JCS sensing signal resource; a third capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity for a JCS sensing signal resource occasion occurring after the UE awakens from a lower-power state; or any combination thereof.
[0210] Clause 13. The method of any of clauses 1 to 12, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a fourth set of capabilities based on a maximum search window duration during which the UE can be active to detect and measure sensing signals; a maximum phase continuity window duration during which the UE is capable of maintaining and / or restoring phase continuity of the sensing signals; or a combination thereof.
[0211] Clause 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising: sending a JCS sensing signal measurement configuration to the UE based on the JCS sensing session.
[0212] Clause 15. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising: sending, to a network server of a joint communication and sensing (JCS) system, one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities associated with the UE; and receiving, from the network server, a JCS sensing signal measurement configuration based, at least in part, on the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE.
[0213] Clause 16. The method of clause 15, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a first set of capabilities based on a first total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during a first time duration for a given bandwidth of sensing signals; a second total duration of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during a second time duration for a given sub-carrier spacing associated with the sensing signals; a first maximum number of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE in a slot for the given bandwidth of the sensing signals; a second maximum number of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE in the slot for the given sub-carrier spacing associated with the sensing signals; or a combination thereof.
[0214] Clause 17. The method of clause 16, wherein: the first set of capabilities is further based on a sensing scenario, the sensing scenario including a monostatic sensing scenario; a bistatic sensing scenario; a multi-static sensing scenario; or any combination thereof.
[0215] Clause 18. The method of any of clauses 16 to 17, wherein: the JCS sensing signal measurement configuration includes a configured slot set having one or more slots configured for measuring sensing signals.
[0216] Clause 19. The method of clause 18, wherein: the one or more slots configured for measuring sensing signals include sensing signal durations that do not exceed the first total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the first time duration, a second total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the second time duration, or both the first total duration of signals that can be processed by the UE during the first time duration and the second total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the second time duration.
[0217] Clause 20. The method of any of clauses 18 to 19, wherein: each slot of the one or more slots configured for measuring sensing signals have a total number of sensing signals that is less than or equal to the first maximum number, the second maximum number, or both the first maximum number and a second maximum number.
[0218] Clause 21. The method of any of clauses 15 to 20, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a second set of capabilities based on partial sensing of a JCS sensing signal resource.
[0219] Clause 22. The method of clause 21, wherein: the partial sensing of the JCS sensing signal resource is based on a first partial sensing capability of the UE to process a subset of symbols of the JCS sensing signal resource; a second partial sensing capability of the UE to process a partial sensing symbol of the JCS sensing signal resource; or a combination thereof.
[0220] Clause 23. The method of any of clauses 15 to 22, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a third set of capabilities based on phase continuity processing capabilities of the UE.
[0221] Clause 24. The method of clause 23, wherein: the third set of capabilities are based on a first capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity among adjacent JCS sensing signal resource occasions; a second capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity for a partially sensed JCS sensing signal resource; a third capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity for a JCS sensing signal resource occasion occurring after the UE awakens from a lower-power state; or any combination thereof.
[0222] Clause 25. The method of any of clauses 15 to 24, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a fourth set of capabilities based on a maximum search window duration during which the UE can be active to detect and measure sensing signals; a maximum phase continuity window duration during which the UE is capable of maintaining and / or restoring phase continuity of the sensing signals; or a combination thereof.
[0223] Clause 26. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising: receiving, from a network server of a joint communication and sensing (JCS) system, a first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; and reporting, to the network server, a set of sensing signal measurements based on a second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration, wherein the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration is used to provide the set of sensing signal measurements based on one or more JCS sensing signal buffer processing failures at the UE associated with the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration.
[0224] Clause 27. The method of clause 26, further comprising: sending, to the network server, an indication of the one or more JCS sensing signal buffer processing failures associated with the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; and receiving, from the network server, the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration.
[0225] Clause 28. The method of any of clauses 26 to 27, wherein: the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration is based on omitting sensing signal measurements associated with one or more given transmission-reception-points (TRPs) indicated for measurement in the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; decreasing a density of sensing signal measurements indicated in the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; omitting sensing signal measurements occurring outside a threshold time within a sensing window duration indicated in the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; or any combination thereof.
[0226] Clause 29. The method of any of clauses 26 to 28, further comprising: determining the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration at the UE; and reporting the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration to the network server with the set of sensing signal measurements.
[0227] Clause 30. A network server, comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: determine one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities associated with a user equipment (UE) , wherein the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities are determined based on sensing signal capabilities reported by the UE; and configure a JCS sensing session based, at least in part, on the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE.
[0228] Clause 31. The network server of clause 30, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a first set of capabilities based on a first total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during a first time duration for a given bandwidth of sensing signals; a second total duration of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during a second time duration for a given sub-carrier spacing associated with the sensing signals; a first maximum number of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE in a slot for the given bandwidth of the sensing signals; a second maximum number of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE in the slot for the given sub-carrier spacing associated with the sensing signals; or a combination thereof.
[0229] Clause 32. The network server of clause 31, wherein: the first set of capabilities are further based on a sensing scenario.
[0230] Clause 33. The network server of clause 32, wherein: the sensing scenario includes a monostatic sensing scenario; a bistatic sensing scenario; a multi-static sensing scenario; or any combination thereof.
[0231] Clause 34. The network server of any of clauses 31 to 33, wherein: the JCS sensing session is configured to include a configured slot set having one or more slots configured for sensing signals.
[0232] Clause 35. The network server of clause 34, wherein: the one or more slots configured for sensing signals include sensing signal durations that do not exceed the first total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the first time duration, a second total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the second time duration, or both the first total duration of signals that can be processed by the UE during the first time duration and the second total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the second time duration.
[0233] Clause 36. The network server of any of clauses 34 to 35, wherein: each slot of the one or more slots configured for sensing signals has a total number of sensing signals that is less than or equal to the first maximum number, the second maximum number, or both the first maximum number and a second maximum number.
[0234] Clause 37. The network server of any of clauses 34 to 36, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: send, via the one or more transceivers, a JCS sensing signal measurement configuration to the UE, wherein the JCS sensing signal measurement configuration is based on the configured slot set.
[0235] Clause 38. The network server of any of clauses 30 to 37, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a second set of capabilities based on partial sensing of a JCS sensing signal resource.
[0236] Clause 39. The network server of clause 38, wherein: the partial sensing of the JCS sensing signal resource is based on a first partial sensing capability of the UE to sense a subset of symbols of the JCS sensing signal resource; a second partial sensing capability of the UE to sense a partial sensing symbol of the JCS sensing signal resource; or a combination thereof.
[0237] Clause 40. The network server of any of clauses 30 to 39, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a third set of capabilities based on phase continuity processing capabilities of the UE.
[0238] Clause 41. The network server of clause 40, wherein: the third set of capabilities are based on a first capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity among adjacent JCS sensing signal resource occasions; a second capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity for a partially sensed JCS sensing signal resource; a third capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity for a JCS sensing signal resource occasion occurring after the UE awakens from a lower-power state; or any combination thereof.
[0239] Clause 42. The network server of any of clauses 30 to 41, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a fourth set of capabilities based on a maximum search window duration during which the UE can be active to detect and measure sensing signals; a maximum phase continuity window duration during which the UE is capable of maintaining and / or restoring phase continuity of the sensing signals; or a combination thereof.
[0240] Clause 43. The network server of any of clauses 30 to 42, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: send, via the one or more transceivers, a JCS sensing signal measurement configuration to the UE based on the JCS sensing session.
[0241] Clause 44. A user equipment (UE) , comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: send, via the one or more transceivers, to a network server of a joint communication and sensing (JCS) system, one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities associated with the UE; and receive, via the one or more transceivers, , from the network server, a JCS sensing signal measurement configuration based, at least in part, on the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE.
[0242] Clause 45. The UE of clause 44, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a first set of capabilities based on a first total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during a first time duration for a given bandwidth of the sensing signals; a second total duration of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during a second time duration for a given sub-carrier spacing associated with the sensing signals; a first maximum number of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE in a slot for the given bandwidth of the sensing signals; a second maximum number of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE in the slot for the given sub-carrier spacing associated with the sensing signals; or a combination thereof.
[0243] Clause 46. The UE of clause 45, wherein: the first set of capabilities is further based on a sensing scenario, the sensing scenario including a monostatic sensing scenario; a bistatic sensing scenario; a multi-static sensing scenario; or any combination thereof.
[0244] Clause 47. The UE of any of clauses 45 to 46, wherein: the JCS sensing signal measurement configuration includes a configured slot set having one or more slots configured for measuring sensing signals.
[0245] Clause 48. The UE of clause 47, wherein: the one or more slots configured for measuring sensing signals include sensing signal durations that do not exceed the first total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the first time duration, a second total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the second time duration, or both the first total duration of signals that can be processed by the UE during the first time duration and the second total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the second time duration.
[0246] Clause 49. The UE of any of clauses 47 to 48, wherein: each slot of the one or more slots configured for measuring sensing signals have a total number of sensing signals that is less than or equal to the first maximum number, the second maximum number, or both the first maximum number and a second maximum number.
[0247] Clause 50. The UE of any of clauses 44 to 49, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a second set of capabilities based on partial sensing of a JCS sensing signal resource.
[0248] Clause 51. The UE of clause 50, wherein: the partial sensing of the JCS sensing signal resource is based on a first partial sensing capability of the UE to process a subset of symbols of the JCS sensing signal resource; a second partial sensing capability of the UE to process a partial sensing symbol of the JCS sensing signal resource; or a combination thereof.
[0249] Clause 52. The UE of any of clauses 44 to 51, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a third set of capabilities based on phase continuity processing capabilities of the UE.
[0250] Clause 53. The UE of clause 52, wherein: the third set of capabilities are based on a first capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity among adjacent JCS sensing signal resource occasions; a second capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity for a partially sensed JCS sensing signal resource; a third capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity for a JCS sensing signal resource occasion occurring after the UE awakens from a lower-power state; or any combination thereof.
[0251] Clause 54. The UE of any of clauses 44 to 53, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a fourth set of capabilities based on a maximum search window duration during which the UE can be active to detect and measure sensing signals; a maximum phase continuity window duration during which the UE is capable of maintaining and / or restoring phase continuity of the sensing signals; or a combination thereof.
[0252] Clause 55. An UE, comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: receive, via the one or more transceivers, , from a network server of a joint communication and sensing (JCS) system, a first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; and report, via the one or more transceivers, to the network server, a set of sensing signal measurements based on a second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration, wherein the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration is used to provide the set of sensing signal measurements based on one or more JCS sensing signal buffer processing failures at the UE associated with the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration.
[0253] Clause 56. The UE of clause 55, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: send, via the one or more transceivers, to the network server, an indication of the one or more JCS sensing signal buffer processing failures associated with the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; and receive, via the one or more transceivers, from the network server, the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration.
[0254] Clause 57. The UE of any of clauses 55 to 56, wherein: the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration is based on omitting sensing signal measurements associated with one or more given transmission-reception-points (TRPs) indicated for measurement in the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; decreasing a density of sensing signal measurements indicated in the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; omitting sensing signal measurements occurring outside a threshold time within a sensing window duration indicated in the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; or any combination thereof.
[0255] Clause 58. The UE of any of clauses 55 to 57, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: determine the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration at the UE; and report, via the one or more transceivers, the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration to the network server with the set of sensing signal measurements.
[0256] Clause 59. A network server, comprising: means for determining one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities associated with a user equipment (UE) , wherein the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities are determined based on sensing signal capabilities reported by the UE; and means for configuring a JCS sensing session based, at least in part, on the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE.
[0257] Clause 60. The network server of clause 59, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a first set of capabilities based on a first total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during a first time duration for a given bandwidth of sensing signals; a second total duration of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during a second time duration for a given sub-carrier spacing associated with the sensing signals; a first maximum number of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE in a slot for the given bandwidth of the sensing signals; a second maximum number of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE in the slot for the given sub-carrier spacing associated with the sensing signals; or a combination thereof.
[0258] Clause 61. The network server of clause 60, wherein: the first set of capabilities are further based on a sensing scenario.
[0259] Clause 62. The network server of clause 61, wherein: the sensing scenario includes a monostatic sensing scenario; a bistatic sensing scenario; a multi-static sensing scenario; or any combination thereof.
[0260] Clause 63. The network server of any of clauses 60 to 62, wherein: the JCS sensing session is configured to include a configured slot set having one or more slots configured for sensing signals.
[0261] Clause 64. The network server of clause 63, wherein: the one or more slots configured for sensing signals include sensing signal durations that do not exceed the first total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the first time duration, a second total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the second time duration, or both the first total duration of signals that can be processed by the UE during the first time duration and the second total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the second time duration.
[0262] Clause 65. The network server of any of clauses 63 to 64, wherein: each slot of the one or more slots configured for sensing signals has a total number of sensing signals that is less than or equal to the first maximum number, the second maximum number, or both the first maximum number and a second maximum number.
[0263] Clause 66. The network server of any of clauses 63 to 65, further comprising: means for sending a JCS sensing signal measurement configuration to the UE, wherein the JCS sensing signal measurement configuration is based on the configured slot set.
[0264] Clause 67. The network server of any of clauses 59 to 66, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a second set of capabilities based on partial sensing of a JCS sensing signal resource.
[0265] Clause 68. The network server of clause 67, wherein: the partial sensing of the JCS sensing signal resource is based on a first partial sensing capability of the UE to sense a subset of symbols of the JCS sensing signal resource; a second partial sensing capability of the UE to sense a partial sensing symbol of the JCS sensing signal resource; or a combination thereof.
[0266] Clause 69. The network server of any of clauses 59 to 68, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a third set of capabilities based on phase continuity processing capabilities of the UE.
[0267] Clause 70. The network server of clause 69, wherein: the third set of capabilities are based on a first capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity among adjacent JCS sensing signal resource occasions; a second capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity for a partially sensed JCS sensing signal resource; a third capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity for a JCS sensing signal resource occasion occurring after the UE awakens from a lower-power state; or any combination thereof.
[0268] Clause 71. The network server of any of clauses 59 to 70, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a fourth set of capabilities based on a maximum search window duration during which the UE can be active to detect and measure sensing signals; a maximum phase continuity window duration during which the UE is capable of maintaining and / or restoring phase continuity of the sensing signals; or a combination thereof.
[0269] Clause 72. The network server of any of clauses 59 to 71, further comprising: means for sending a JCS sensing signal measurement configuration to the UE based on the JCS sensing session.
[0270] Clause 73. A user equipment (UE) , comprising: means for sending, to a network server of a joint communication and sensing (JCS) system, one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities associated with the UE; and means for receiving, from the network server, a JCS sensing signal measurement configuration based, at least in part, on the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE.
[0271] Clause 74. The UE of clause 73, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a first set of capabilities based on a first total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during a first time duration for a given bandwidth of the sensing signals; a second total duration of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during a second time duration for a given sub-carrier spacing associated with the sensing signals; a first maximum number of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE in a slot for the given bandwidth of the sensing signals; a second maximum number of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE in the slot for the given sub-carrier spacing associated with the sensing signals; or a combination thereof.
[0272] Clause 75. The UE of clause 74, wherein: the first set of capabilities is further based on a sensing scenario, the sensing scenario including a monostatic sensing scenario; a bistatic sensing scenario; a multi-static sensing scenario; or any combination thereof.
[0273] Clause 76. The UE of any of clauses 74 to 75, wherein: the JCS sensing signal measurement configuration includes a configured slot set having one or more slots configured for measuring sensing signals.
[0274] Clause 77. The UE of clause 76, wherein: the one or more slots configured for measuring sensing signals include sensing signal durations that do not exceed the first total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the first time duration, a second total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the second time duration, or both the first total duration of signals that can be processed by the UE during the first time duration and the second total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the second time duration.
[0275] Clause 78. The UE of any of clauses 76 to 77, wherein: each slot of the one or more slots configured for measuring sensing signals have a total number of sensing signals that is less than or equal to the first maximum number, the second maximum number, or both the first maximum number and a second maximum number.
[0276] Clause 79. The UE of any of clauses 73 to 78, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a second set of capabilities based on partial sensing of a JCS sensing signal resource.
[0277] Clause 80. The UE of clause 79, wherein: the partial sensing of the JCS sensing signal resource is based on a first partial sensing capability of the UE to process a subset of symbols of the JCS sensing signal resource; a second partial sensing capability of the UE to process a partial sensing symbol of the JCS sensing signal resource; or a combination thereof.
[0278] Clause 81. The UE of any of clauses 73 to 80, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a third set of capabilities based on phase continuity processing capabilities of the UE.
[0279] Clause 82. The UE of clause 81, wherein: the third set of capabilities are based on a first capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity among adjacent JCS sensing signal resource occasions; a second capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity for a partially sensed JCS sensing signal resource; a third capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity for a JCS sensing signal resource occasion occurring after the UE awakens from a lower-power state; or any combination thereof.
[0280] Clause 83. The UE of any of clauses 73 to 82, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a fourth set of capabilities based on a maximum search window duration during which the UE can be active to detect and measure sensing signals; a maximum phase continuity window duration during which the UE is capable of maintaining and / or restoring phase continuity of the sensing signals; or a combination thereof.
[0281] Clause 84. A user equipment (UE) , comprising: means for receiving, from a network server of a joint communication and sensing (JCS) system, a first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; and means for reporting, to the network server, a set of sensing signal measurements based on a second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration, wherein the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration is used to provide the set of sensing signal measurements based on one or more JCS sensing signal buffer processing failures at the UE associated with the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration.
[0282] Clause 85. The UE of clause 84, further comprising: means for sending, to the network server, an indication of the one or more JCS sensing signal buffer processing failures associated with the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; and means for receiving, from the network server, the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration.
[0283] Clause 86. The UE of any of clauses 84 to 85, wherein: the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration is based on omitting sensing signal measurements associated with one or more given transmission-reception-points (TRPs) indicated for measurement in the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; decreasing a density of sensing signal measurements indicated in the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; omitting sensing signal measurements occurring outside a threshold time within a sensing window duration indicated in the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; or any combination thereof.
[0284] Clause 87. The UE of any of clauses 84 to 86, further comprising: means for determining the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration at the UE; and means for reporting the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration to the network server with the set of sensing signal measurements.
[0285] Clause 88. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a network server, cause the network server to: determine one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities associated with a user equipment (UE) , wherein the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities are determined based on sensing signal capabilities reported by the UE; and configure a JCS sensing session based, at least in part, on the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE.
[0286] Clause 89. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 88, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a first set of capabilities based on a first total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during a first time duration for a given bandwidth of sensing signals; a second total duration of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during a second time duration for a given sub-carrier spacing associated with the sensing signals; a first maximum number of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE in a slot for the given bandwidth of the sensing signals; a second maximum number of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE in the slot for the given sub-carrier spacing associated with the sensing signals; or a combination thereof.
[0287] Clause 90. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 89, wherein: the first set of capabilities are further based on a sensing scenario.
[0288] Clause 91. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 90, wherein: the sensing scenario includes a monostatic sensing scenario; a bistatic sensing scenario; a multi-static sensing scenario; or any combination thereof.
[0289] Clause 92. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 89 to 91, wherein: the JCS sensing session is configured to include a configured slot set having one or more slots configured for sensing signals.
[0290] Clause 93. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 92, wherein: the one or more slots configured for sensing signals include sensing signal durations that do not exceed the first total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the first time duration, a second total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the second time duration, or both the first total duration of signals that can be processed by the UE during the first time duration and the second total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the second time duration.
[0291] Clause 94. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 92 to 93, wherein: each slot of the one or more slots configured for sensing signals has a total number of sensing signals that is less than or equal to the first maximum number, the second maximum number, or both the first maximum number and a second maximum number.
[0292] Clause 95. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 92 to 94, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the network server, cause the network server to: send a JCS sensing signal measurement configuration to the UE, wherein the JCS sensing signal measurement configuration is based on the configured slot set.
[0293] Clause 96. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 88 to 95, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a second set of capabilities based on partial sensing of a JCS sensing signal resource.
[0294] Clause 97. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 96, wherein: the partial sensing of the JCS sensing signal resource is based on a first partial sensing capability of the UE to sense a subset of symbols of the JCS sensing signal resource; a second partial sensing capability of the UE to sense a partial sensing symbol of the JCS sensing signal resource; or a combination thereof.
[0295] Clause 98. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 88 to 97, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a third set of capabilities based on phase continuity processing capabilities of the UE.
[0296] Clause 99. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 98, wherein: the third set of capabilities are based on a first capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity among adjacent JCS sensing signal resource occasions; a second capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity for a partially sensed JCS sensing signal resource; a third capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity for a JCS sensing signal resource occasion occurring after the UE awakens from a lower-power state; or any combination thereof.
[0297] Clause 100. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 88 to 99, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a fourth set of capabilities based on a maximum search window duration during which the UE can be active to detect and measure sensing signals; a maximum phase continuity window duration during which the UE is capable of maintaining and / or restoring phase continuity of the sensing signals; or a combination thereof.
[0298] Clause 101. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 88 to 100, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the network server, cause the network server to: send a JCS sensing signal measurement configuration to the UE based on the JCS sensing session.
[0299] Clause 102. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE) , cause the UE to: send, to a network server of a joint communication and sensing (JCS) system, one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities associated with the UE; and receive, from the network server, a JCS sensing signal measurement configuration based, at least in part, on the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE.
[0300] Clause 103. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 102, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a first set of capabilities based on a first total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during a first time duration for a given bandwidth of the sensing signals; a second total duration of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during a second time duration for a given sub-carrier spacing associated with the sensing signals; a first maximum number of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE in a slot for the given bandwidth of the sensing signals; a second maximum number of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE in the slot for the given sub-carrier spacing associated with the sensing signals; or a combination thereof.
[0301] Clause 104. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 103, wherein: the first set of capabilities is further based on a sensing scenario, the sensing scenario including a monostatic sensing scenario; a bistatic sensing scenario; a multi-static sensing scenario; or any combination thereof.
[0302] Clause 105. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 103 to 104, wherein: the JCS sensing signal measurement configuration includes a configured slot set having one or more slots configured for measuring sensing signals.
[0303] Clause 106. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 105, wherein: the one or more slots configured for measuring sensing signals include sensing signal durations that do not exceed the first total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the first time duration, a second total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the second time duration, or both the first total duration of signals that can be processed by the UE during the first time duration and the second total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the second time duration.
[0304] Clause 107. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 105 to 106, wherein: each slot of the one or more slots configured for measuring sensing signals have a total number of sensing signals that is less than or equal to the first maximum number, the second maximum number, or both the first maximum number and a second maximum number.
[0305] Clause 108. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 102 to 107, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a second set of capabilities based on partial sensing of a JCS sensing signal resource.
[0306] Clause 109. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 108, wherein: the partial sensing of the JCS sensing signal resource is based on a first partial sensing capability of the UE to process a subset of symbols of the JCS sensing signal resource; a second partial sensing capability of the UE to process a partial sensing symbol of the JCS sensing signal resource; or a combination thereof.
[0307] Clause 110. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 102 to 109, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a third set of capabilities based on phase continuity processing capabilities of the UE.
[0308] Clause 111. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 110, wherein: the third set of capabilities are based on a first capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity among adjacent JCS sensing signal resource occasions; a second capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity for a partially sensed JCS sensing signal resource; a third capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity for a JCS sensing signal resource occasion occurring after the UE awakens from a lower-power state; or any combination thereof.
[0309] Clause 112. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 102 to 111, wherein: the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a fourth set of capabilities based on a maximum search window duration during which the UE can be active to detect and measure sensing signals; a maximum phase continuity window duration during which the UE is capable of maintaining and / or restoring phase continuity of the sensing signals; or a combination thereof.
[0310] Clause 113. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE) , cause the UE to: receive, from a network server of a joint communication and sensing (JCS) system, a first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; and report, to the network server, a set of sensing signal measurements based on a second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration, wherein the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration is used to provide the set of sensing signal measurements based on one or more JCS sensing signal buffer processing failures at the UE associated with the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration.
[0311] Clause 114. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 113, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: send, to the network server, an indication of the one or more JCS sensing signal buffer processing failures associated with the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; and receive, from the network server, the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration.
[0312] Clause 115. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 113 to 114, wherein: the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration is based on omitting sensing signal measurements associated with one or more given transmission-reception-points (TRPs) indicated for measurement in the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; decreasing a density of sensing signal measurements indicated in the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; omitting sensing signal measurements occurring outside a threshold time within a sensing window duration indicated in the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; or any combination thereof.
[0313] Clause 116. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 113 to 115, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: determine the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration at the UE; and report the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration to the network server with the set of sensing signal measurements.
[0314] Those of skill in the art will appreciate that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0315] Further, those of skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.
[0316] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an ASIC, a field-programable gate array (FPGA) , or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0317] The methods, sequences and / or algorithms described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in random access memory (RAM) , flash memory, read-only memory (ROM) , erasable programmable ROM (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An example storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal (e.g., UE) . In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.
[0318] In one or more example aspects, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD) , laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
[0319] While the foregoing disclosure shows illustrative aspects of the disclosure, it should be noted that various changes and modifications could be made herein without departing from the scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims. For example, the functions, steps and / or actions of the method claims in accordance with the aspects of the disclosure described herein need not be performed in any particular order. Further, no component, function, action, or instruction described or claimed herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set, ” “group, ” and the like are intended to include one or more of the stated elements. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” “comprises, ” “comprising, ” “includes, ” “including, ” and the like does not preclude the presence of one or more additional elements (e.g., an element “having” A may also have B) . Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g., if used in combination with “either” or “only one of” ) or the alternatives are mutually exclusive (e.g., “one or more” should not be interpreted as “one and more” ) . Furthermore, although components, functions, actions, and instructions may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated unless limitation to the singular is explicitly stated. Accordingly, as used herein, the articles “a, ” “an, ” “the, ” and “said” are intended to include one or more of the stated elements. Additionally, as used herein, the terms “at least one” and “one or more” encompass “one” component, function, action, or instruction performing or capable of performing a described or claimed functionality and also “two or more” components, functions, actions, or instructions performing or capable of performing a described or claimed functionality in combination.
Claims
1.A method of wireless communication performed by a network server of a joint communication and sensing (JCS) system, comprising:determining one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities associated with a user equipment (UE) , wherein the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities are determined based on sensing signal capabilities reported by the UE; andconfiguring a JCS sensing session based, at least in part, on the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE.2.The method of claim 1, wherein:the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a first set of capabilities based ona first total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during a first time duration for a given bandwidth of sensing signals;a second total duration of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during a second time duration for a given sub-carrier spacing associated with the sensing signals;a first maximum number of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE in a slot for the given bandwidth of the sensing signals;a second maximum number of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE in the slot for the given sub-carrier spacing associated with the sensing signals; ora combination thereof.3.The method of claim 2, wherein:the first set of capabilities are further based on a sensing scenario.4.The method of claim 3, wherein:the sensing scenario includesa monostatic sensing scenario;a bistatic sensing scenario;a multi-static sensing scenario; orany combination thereof.5.The method of claim 2, wherein:the JCS sensing session is configured to include a configured slot set having one or more slots configured for sensing signals.6.The method of claim 5, wherein:the one or more slots configured for sensing signals include sensing signal durations that do not exceed the first total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the first time duration, a second total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the second time duration, or both the first total duration of signals that can be processed by the UE during the first time duration and the second total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the second time duration.7.The method of claim 5, wherein:each slot of the one or more slots configured for sensing signals has a total number of sensing signals that is less than or equal to the first maximum number, the second maximum number, or both the first maximum number and a second maximum number.8.The method of claim 5, further comprising:sending a JCS sensing signal measurement configuration to the UE, wherein the JCS sensing signal measurement configuration is based on the configured slot set.9.The method of claim 1, wherein:the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a second set of capabilities based on partial sensing of a JCS sensing signal resource.10.The method of claim 9, wherein:the partial sensing of the JCS sensing signal resource is based ona first partial sensing capability of the UE to sense a subset of symbols of the JCS sensing signal resource;a second partial sensing capability of the UE to sense a partial sensing symbol of the JCS sensing signal resource; ora combination thereof.11.The method of claim 1, wherein:the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a third set of capabilities based on phase continuity processing capabilities of the UE.12.The method of claim 11, wherein:the third set of capabilities are based ona first capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity among adjacent JCS sensing signal resource occasions;a second capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity for a partially sensed JCS sensing signal resource;a third capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity for a JCS sensing signal resource occasion occurring after the UE awakens from a lower-power state; orany combination thereof.13.The method of claim 1, wherein:the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a fourth set of capabilities based ona maximum search window duration during which the UE can be active to detect and measure sensing signals;a maximum phase continuity window duration during which the UE is capable of maintaining and / or restoring phase continuity of the sensing signals; ora combination thereof.14.The method of claim 1, further comprising:sending a JCS sensing signal measurement configuration to the UE based on the JCS sensing session.15.A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:sending, to a network server of a joint communication and sensing (JCS) system, one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities associated with the UE; andreceiving, from the network server, a JCS sensing signal measurement configuration based, at least in part, on the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE.16.The method of claim 15, wherein:the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a first set of capabilities based ona first total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during a first time duration for a given bandwidth of sensing signals;a second total duration of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during a second time duration for a given sub-carrier spacing associated with the sensing signals;a first maximum number of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE in a slot for the given bandwidth of the sensing signals;a second maximum number of the sensing signals that can be processed by the UE in the slot for the given sub-carrier spacing associated with the sensing signals; ora combination thereof.17.The method of claim 16, wherein:the first set of capabilities is further based on a sensing scenario, the sensing scenario includinga monostatic sensing scenario;a bistatic sensing scenario;a multi-static sensing scenario; orany combination thereof.18.The method of claim 16, wherein:the JCS sensing signal measurement configuration includes a configured slot set having one or more slots configured for measuring sensing signals.19.The method of claim 18, wherein:the one or more slots configured for measuring sensing signals include sensing signal durations that do not exceed the first total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the first time duration, a second total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the second time duration, or both the first total duration of signals that can be processed by the UE during the first time duration and the second total duration of sensing signals that can be processed by the UE during the second time duration.20.The method of claim 18, wherein:each slot of the one or more slots configured for measuring sensing signals have a total number of sensing signals that is less than or equal to the first maximum number, the second maximum number, or both the first maximum number and a second maximum number.21.The method of claim 15, wherein:the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a second set of capabilities based on partial sensing of a JCS sensing signal resource.22.The method of claim 21, wherein:the partial sensing of the JCS sensing signal resource is based ona first partial sensing capability of the UE to process a subset of symbols of the JCS sensing signal resource;a second partial sensing capability of the UE to process a partial sensing symbol of the JCS sensing signal resource; ora combination thereof.23.The method of claim 15, wherein:the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a third set of capabilities based on phase continuity processing capabilities of the UE.24.The method of claim 23, wherein:the third set of capabilities are based ona first capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity among adjacent JCS sensing signal resource occasions;a second capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity for a partially sensed JCS sensing signal resource;a third capability of the UE to maintain or restore phase continuity for a JCS sensing signal resource occasion occurring after the UE awakens from a lower-power state; orany combination thereof.25.The method of claim 15, wherein:the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities correspond to a fourth set of capabilities based ona maximum search window duration during which the UE can be active to detect and measure sensing signals;a maximum phase continuity window duration during which the UE is capable of maintaining and / or restoring phase continuity of the sensing signals; ora combination thereof.26.A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:receiving, from a network server of a joint communication and sensing (JCS) system, a first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; andreporting, to the network server, a set of sensing signal measurements based on a second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration, wherein the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration is used to provide the set of sensing signal measurements based on one or more JCS sensing signal buffer processing failures at the UE associated with the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration.27.The method of claim 26, further comprising:sending, to the network server, an indication of the one or more JCS sensing signal buffer processing failures associated with the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; andreceiving, from the network server, the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration.28.The method of claim 26, wherein:the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration is based onomitting sensing signal measurements associated with one or more given transmission-reception-points (TRPs) indicated for measurement in the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration;decreasing a density of sensing signal measurements indicated in the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration;omitting sensing signal measurements occurring outside a threshold time within a sensing window duration indicated in the first JCS sensing signal measurement configuration; orany combination thereof.29.The method of claim 26, further comprising:determining the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration at the UE; andreporting the second JCS sensing signal measurement configuration to the network server with the set of sensing signal measurements.30.A network server, comprising:one or more memories;one or more transceivers; andone or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to:determine one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities associated with a user equipment (UE) , wherein the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities are determined based on sensing signal capabilities reported by the UE; andconfigure a JCS sensing session based, at least in part, on the one or more JCS sensing signal buffering capabilities of the UE.