Apparatuses and wireless communication methods for energy-related based routing selection
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- GUANGDONG OPPO MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP LTD
- Filing Date
- 2023-08-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-08
AI Technical Summary
Current 5G service architectures lack mechanisms, procedures, and policies to support energy-related requirements, leading to inefficient energy consumption across network infrastructure.
Proposed apparatuses and wireless communication methods for energy-related based routing selection, which involve a network node interacting with other network elements to perform user plane route selection based on energy-related decisions and parameters.
Achieves energy-efficient user plane route selection, optimizing energy consumption and reducing carbon footprint by integrating energy efficiency metrics into routing decisions.
Smart Images

Figure CN2023112058_13022025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
APPARATUSES AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATION METHODS FOR ENERGY-RELATED BASED ROUTING SELECTIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication systems, and more particularly, to apparatuses and communication methods for wireless communication method for energy-related based routing selection.BACKGROUND
[0002] With growing global environmental concerns, the reduction of carbon emissions has become an imperative for industries across the world. Network operators and service providers have a significant environmental impact due to the energy-intensive nature of their operations. From extensive network infrastructure to power-hungry data centers, their activities contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. As the world becomes increasingly reliant on digital connectivity and data services, it is essential that these industry players take proactive steps to minimize their carbon footprint. Current radio access network (RAN) consumes majority of energy in participating operators’s ystems, while network core, data centers, and other operations account for the remaining energy consumption. This emphasizes that energy efficiency is a holistic concern across the entire communication system. However, current fifth generation 5G service architectures, procedures, and policy specifications have not specified mechanisms, procedures, and policies to support energy related requirements.
[0003] Therefore, there is a need for apparatuses and wireless communication methods for energy-related based routing selection, which can address the issues in the prior art and other issues.SUMMARY
[0004] An object of the present disclosure is to propose apparatuses and wireless communication methods for energy-related based routing selection, which can address issues in the prior art and other issues, and / or achieve an energy-efficient user plane (UP) route selection.
[0005] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless communication method for energy-related based routing selection includes interacting, by a network node responsible for an energy related decision, with at least one network element to perform a user plane (UP) route selection based on the energy related decision and / or at least one energy related parameter.
[0006] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless communication device, includes a network node responsible for an energy related decision and configured to interact with at least one network element to perform the user plane (UP) route selection based on the energy related decision and / or at least one energy related parameter.
[0007] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless communication device includes a selector configured to interact at least one network element to perform a user plane (UP) route selection based on an energy related decision and / or at least one energy related parameter.
[0008] In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a network device includes a memory, a transceiver, and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver. The network device is configured to perform the above method.
[0009] In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium has stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the above method.
[0010] In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a chip includes a processor, configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the chip is installed to execute the above method.
[0011] In a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a computer readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, causes a computer to execute the above method.
[0012] In an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product includes a computer program, and the computer program causes a computer to execute the above method.
[0013] In a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program causes a computer to execute the above method.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0014] In order to illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or related art more clearly, the following figures will be described in the embodiments are briefly introduced. It is obvious that the drawings are merely some embodiments of the present disclosure, a person having ordinary skill in this field can obtain other figures according to these figures without paying the premise.
[0015] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a network device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a communication method for energy-related based routing selection according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 5 is a block diagram of 5G system architecture configured to implement some embodiments presented herein.
[0020] FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an energy-efficient routing selection configured to implement some embodiments presented herein.
[0021] FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an energy-efficient routing selection configured to implement some embodiments presented herein.
[0022] FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an energy-efficient routing selection configured to implement some embodiments presented herein.
[0023] FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an energy-efficient routing selection configured to implement some embodiments presented herein.
[0024] FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an example of a computing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0026] Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with the technical matters, structural features, achieved objects, and effects with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows. Specifically, the terminologies in the embodiments of the present disclosure are merely for describing the purpose of the certain embodiment, but not to limit the disclosure.
[0027] The current specifications in Europe Telecom Standard Institution (ETSI) and the current work in global system for mobile communication association (GSMA) and third generation partnership project (3GPP) highlight the importance of energy efficiency in the telecommunications industry. ETSI may cover energy efficiency metrics and measurement methods for various equipment and networks. According to GSMA, the radio access network (RAN) consumes majority of energy in participating operators's ystems, while the network core, data centers, and other operations account for the remaining energy consumption. This emphasizes that energy efficiency is a holistic concern across the entire communication system.
[0028] In 3GPP, energy efficiency has been studied in different groups, special system and architecture 5 (SA5) focuses on energy efficiency assessment, optimization, and key performance indicators (KPIs) . RAN studies include network energy consumption models, evaluation methodologies, and techniques to improve energy savings at the base station (gNB) and user equipment (UE) levels. 3GPP SA1 captured requirements to support energy efficiency as service criteria. It contains requirements to specify energy consumption as service criteria. The service criteria may include supporting energy states of network elements and network functions, supporting different charging mechanisms based on different energy states of network elements and network functions, monitoring energy consumption per network slice and per subscriber granularity, supporting the exposure of energy consumption information to authorized third parties. Current 3GPP standards do not support the above-mentioned metrics and KPIs, and do not support means to enforce those requirements either.
[0029] The majority of computing, storage, and networking resources are situated in the user plane, located closer to the edge where the user is. It is essential to enable a user equipment (UE) to select the energy-efficient user plane path (such as the most energy-efficient user plane path) for a packet data unit (PDU) session in order to optimize energy consumption. However, current 5G service architecture, procedure, and policy specifications have not specified mechanisms, procedures, and policies to support the energy-related requirements. Furthermore, there are no established methods for selecting the energy-efficient edge application server (EAS) (such as the most energy-efficient EAS) instance and user plane functions based on energy consumption.
[0030] EAS rediscovery indication procedure and its implementation in a PDU session enables a UE to update its locally stored EAS information and triggers the discovery of new EAS information. The UE can indicate its support for refreshing stale EAS information to a session management function (SMF) during the PDU session establishment or modification procedures. If such support is indicated, the SMF can send an EAS rediscovery indication to the UE, allowing it to re-discover EAS information based on various factors such as application function (AF) influence or AF-triggered EAS relocation.
[0031] The procedure is used by the SMF to trigger the EAS rediscovery when establishing a new connection to an EAS. It applies to both session breakout using uplink classifier (UL-CL) and session breakout using branching point (BP) . The SMF determines the impacted EASs that need to be rediscovered based on the insertion, relocation, or removal of local PDU session anchors (L-PSAs) and the association between FQDNs (fully qualified domain names) , internet protocol (IP) address ranges, and data network access identifiers (DNAIs) provided by the AF or SMF's local configuration. The SMF sends a PDU session modification command to the UE, containing the EAS rediscovery indication and the impact field, which identifies the EAS information to be refreshed. The SMF may also provide new domain name system (DNS) settings to the UE for the PDU session. The procedure specifies that the UE should not use the old EAS information stored locally for subsequent connections with the impacted EASs. Instead, it should trigger the EAS discovery procedure to obtain new EAS information.
[0032] However, the current 3GPP application function influence on traffic routing does not support using energy efficiency KPI as a metric to make routing decision. Therefore, there is a need for apparatuses and wireless communication methods for energy-related based routing selection, which can address the issues in the prior art and other issues. Some embodiments of the present disclosure propose apparatuses and wireless communication methods for energy-related based routing selection, which can address issues in the prior art and other issues, and / or achieve an energy-efficient user plane (UP) route selection. Some embodiments of the present disclosure disclose mechanisms how to use a network node (such as energy-broker AF or network function (NF) ) , a set of energy consumption (EC) and energy efficiency (EE) parameters, and / or key performance indicators (KPIs) .
[0033] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a network device 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The network device 100 is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the network device 100 using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. The network device 100 may include a memory 101, a transceiver 102, and a processor 103 coupled to the memory 101 and the transceiver 102. The processor 103 may be configured to implement proposed functions, procedures and / or methods described in this description. Layers of radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor 103. The memory 101 is operatively coupled with the processor 103 and stores a variety of information to operate the processor 103. The transceiver 102 is operatively coupled with the processor 103, and the transceiver 102 transmits and / or receives a radio signal. The processor 103 may include application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , other chipset, logic circuit and / or data processing device. The memory 101 may include read-only memory (ROM) , random access memory (RAM) , flash memory, memory card, storage medium and / or other storage device. The transceiver 102 may include baseband circuitry to process radio frequency signals. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The modules can be stored in the memory 101 and executed by the processor 103. The memory 101 can be implemented within the processor 103 or external to the processor 103 in which case those can be communicatively coupled to the processor 103 via various means as is known in the art.
[0034] In some embodiments, the memory 101 stores executable instructions that when executed by the processor cause the processor 103 to effectuate operations including: interacting with at least one network element to perform a user plane (UP) route selection based on an energy related decision and / or at least one energy related parameter. This can can address issues in the prior art and other issues, and / or achieve an energy-efficient user plane (UP) route selection. It is understood that, network element may be called network node or similar term.
[0035] FIG. 2 illustrates a wireless communication method for energy-related based routing selection according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is an example of a communication method 200 for energy-related based routing selection according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The communication method 200 for energy-related based routing selection is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the communication method 200 for energy-related based routing selection using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the communication method 200 for energy-related based routing selection includes: an operation 201, interacting, by a network node responsible for an energy related decision, with at least one network element to perform a user plane (UP) route selection based on the energy related decision and / or at least one energy related parameter. This can can address issues in the prior art and other issues, and / or achieve an energy-efficient user plane (UP) route selection.
[0036] In some embodiments, the network node is an energy broker function (EBF) , an application function (AF) , a network function (NF) , a charging function (CHF) , a function residing on a network exposure function (NEF) , a function residing on a network repository function (NRF) , a function in collaboration with a CHF, or a function in collaboration with a network data analytics function (NWDAF) . In some embodiments, the energy related decision includes an energy consumption decision and / or an energy efficiency decision. In some embodiments, the energy related decision includes energy consumption per slice, per application, per data network access identifier (DNAI) , and / or per protocol data unit (PDU) session. In some embodiments, the at least one energy related parameter is centrally integrated into the EBF, or the at least one energy related parameter is distributed across the at least one network element.
[0037] In some embodiments, the at least one energy related parameter includes a maximum allowed UP energy consumption, a data network energy consumption per DNAI, a base station energy consumption, a device / UE energy consumption information, an energy consumption per user / subscriber group information, an energy harvesting capability indicator, an energy conversion efficiency, an energy storage capacity, an energy discharge rate or standby energy loss rate, an energy consumption per traffic volume, an application / service-specific energy consumption, a handover energy efficiency, a network protocol energy efficiency, an energy efficiency for NF, an energy consumption preference, and / or an energy harvesting schedule.
[0038] In some embodiments, the at least one energy related parameter is applied to information on an UP energy consumption in one or more policy and charging control (PCC) rules, an energy consumption threshold in a PDU session related policy information, at least one UE route selection descriptor in one or more UE route selection policy (URSP) rule, at least one network configuration parameter to guide the network element in determining an energy consumption budget for an establishment of the PDU session, at least one expected UE and device behavior parameter, a UE subscription profile within a unified data management (UDM) , at least one event for monitoring at least one energy consumption and efficiency capability, at least one energy consumption requirement within an AF request, and / or an energy consumption and energy efficiency as an NF profile in the NRF or the EBF. In some embodiments, the at least one expected UE and device behavior parameter includes at least one access and mobility management function (AMF) -associated expected behavior parameters, relating to individual UEs or devices, and / or at least one session management function (SMF) -associated expected UE behavior parameter, relevant to each PDU session level within the UDM.
[0039] In some embodiments, perform the UP route selection includes: transmitting, by the EBF or the AF used as an operator-trusted AF, an energy consumption request, an energy efficiency request, or requests for both energy consumption and energy efficiency to a policy and control function (PCF) of the at least one network element to influence a routing decision of a SMF of the at least one network element for user plane traffic of a PDU session. In some embodiments, perform the UP route selection includes: transmitting, by a third-party AF, an energy consumption request, an energy efficiency request, or requests for both energy consumption and energy efficiency to a policy and control function (PCF) of the at least one network element through the NEF to influence a routing decision of a SMF of the at least one network element for user plane traffic of a PDU session. In some embodiments, the UP route selection includes a UE energy consumption preference-based selection. In some embodiments, perform the UP route selection includes: subscribing, by the network node responsible for the energy related decision, to power consumption analytics from a NWDAF of the at least one network element; and using, by the network node responsible for the energy related decision, power consumption analytics results to guide the UP route selection.
[0040] FIG. 3 illustrates a communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 3 illustrates that, in some embodiments, a communication device 300 includes a selector 301 configured to interacting at least one network element to perform a user plane (UP) route selection based on an energy related decision and / or at least one energy related parameter. This can can address issues in the prior art and other issues, and / or achieve an energy-efficient user plane (UP) route selection. In some embosiments, the selector 301 may be a network node responsible for the energy related decision.
[0041] FIG. 4 illustrates a communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 4 illustrates that, in some embodiments, a communication device 400 includes a network node 401 responsible for an energy related decision and configured to interact with at least one network element to perform the user plane (UP) route selection based on the energy related decision and / or at least one energy related parameter. This can can address issues in the prior art and other issues, and / or achieve an energy-efficient user plane (UP) route selection.
[0042] In some embodiments, the network node is an energy broker function (EBF) , an application function (AF) , a network function (NF) , a charging function (CHF) , a function residing on a network exposure function (NEF) , a function residing on a network repository function (NRF) , a function in collaboration with a CHF, or a function in collaboration with network data analytics function (NWDAF) . In some embodiments, the energy related decision includes an energy consumption decision and / or an energy efficiency decision. In some embodiments, the energy related decision includes energy consumption per slice, per application, per data network access identifier (DNAI) , and / or per protocol data unit (PDU) session. In some embodiments, the at least one energy related parameter is centrally integrated into the EBF, or the at least one energy related parameter is distributed across the at least one network element.
[0043] In some embodiments, the at least one energy related parameter includes a maximum allowed UP energy consumption, a data network energy consumption per DNAI, a base station energy consumption, a device / UE energy consumption information, an energy consumption per user / subscriber group information, an energy harvesting capability indicator, an energy conversion efficiency, an energy storage capacity, an energy discharge rate or standby energy loss rate, an energy consumption per traffic volume, an application / service-specific energy consumption, a handover energy efficiency, a network protocol energy efficiency, an energy efficiency for NF, an energy consumption preference, and / or an energy harvesting schedule.
[0044] In some embodiments, the at least one energy related parameter is applied to information on an UP energy consumption in one or more policy and charging control (PCC) rules, an energy consumption threshold in a PDU session related policy information, at least one UE route selection descriptor in one or more UE route selection policy (URSP) rule, at least one network configuration parameter to guide the network element in determining an energy consumption budget for an establishment of the PDU session, at least one expected UE and device behavior parameter, a UE subscription profile within a unified data management (UDM) , at least one event for monitoring at least one energy consumption and efficiency capability, at least one energy consumption requirement within an AF request, and / or an energy consumption and energy efficiency as an NF profile in the NRF or the EBF. In some embodiments, the at least one expected UE and device behavior parameter includes at least one access and mobility management function (AMF) -associated expected behavior parameters, relating to individual UEs or devices, and / or at least one session management function (SMF) -associated expected UE behavior parameter, relevant to each PDU session level within the UDM.
[0045] In some embodiments, perform the UP route selection includes transmitting, by the EBF or the AF used as an operator-trusted AF, an energy consumption request, an energy efficiency request, or requests for both energy consumption and energy efficiency to a policy and control function (PCF) of the at least one network element to influence a routing decision of a SMF of the at least one network element for user plane traffic of a PDU session. In some embodiments, perform the UP route selection includes transmitting, by a third-party AF, an energy consumption request, an energy efficiency request, or requests for both energy consumption and energy efficiency to a policy and control function (PCF) of the at least one network element through the NEF to influence a routing decision of a SMF of the at least one network element for user plane traffic of a PDU session. In some embodiments, the UP route selection includes a UE energy consumption preference-based selection. In some embodiments, perform the UP route selection includes subscribing, by the network node responsible for the energy related decision, to power consumption analytics from a NWDAF of the at least one network element; and using, by the network node responsible for the energy related decision, power consumption analytics results to guide the UP route selection.
[0046] FIG. 5 illustrates a 5G system architecture configured to implement some embodiments presented herein. In the 5G system architecture, network functions communicate with each other over a service-based interface in a core network (CN) . A user equipment (UE) may communicate with the core network to establish control signaling and enable the UE to use services from the CN. Examples of control signaling functions are registration, connection and mobility management, authentication and authorization, session management, etc. After control signaling have been established, the UE can then utilize the user plane functionality to send and receive data to and from a data network (DN) , e.g., the internet.
[0047] The 5G system architecture includes the following network node and / or at least one network element: energy broker function (EBF) (energy broker application function (AF) or network function (NF) ) , access and mobility management function (AMF) , data network (DN) , e.g., operator services, Internet access or third-party services, network exposure function (NEF) , network repository function (NRF) , policy control function (PCF) , session management function (SMF) , unified data management (UDM) , user plane function (UPF) , e.g., UPF (UL CL / BP) applied to session breakout using uplink classifier (UL-CL) and / or session breakout using branching point (BP) , UPF (central PDU session anchor, C-PSA) , UPF (local PDU session anchor, L-PSA) , user equipment (UE) , access network (AN) , EASs, local part of DN, and edge application server discovery function (EASDF) . In C-PSA, a data network connected to a PSA network element may be a central data network or a data network in a central data center. In this case, the PSA network element may be denoted as a central PSA, which is referred to as a C-PSA for short. In L-PSA, a data network connected to a PSA network element may be a local data network or a data network in a local data center. In this case, the PSA network element may be denoted as a local PSA, which is referred to as a L-PSA for short. It is understood that energy broker may be called energy brokerage or similar term.
[0048] The 5G system architecture for energy-consumption based route selection of some embodiments is described in FIG. 5. In some embodiments of the disclosure, a network node such as EBF is introduced to interact with other network elements to achieve energy-efficient user plane (UP) route selection.
[0049] The following descriptions highlight some of the capabilities of the network node and / or at least one network element from FIG. 5 that are involved with control signaling.
[0050] AMF: The AMF handles access and mobility management aspects in the core network. AMF terminates RAN control plane and UE traffic originating on either the N1 or N2 reference interface. Its primary tasks include registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, and various functions relating to security and access management and authorization. Integration with the AMF may involve exchanging relevant traffic statistics data or notifications to facilitate better network management and decision-making. Consider the specific requirements and interfaces defined by 3GPP related to the AMF and align the integration accordingly.
[0051] SMF: The SMF is responsible for session management and control within the core network. SMF acts as a central entity that oversees the establishment, maintenance, and termination of user sessions within the 5G network. The SMF interacts with other network functions, such as UPF and the AMF to establish and manage user sessions. It handles tasks such as session setup, authentication, authorization, and policy enforcement. The SMF also manages mobility-related functions, including handovers between different network nodes and management of user mobility within the network. Furthermore, the SMF is responsible for implementing and enforcing policy rules that govern the behavior and quality of service (QoS) for user sessions. It ensures that the network resources are appropriately allocated based on the service requirements, user subscriptions, and operator policies. The SMF also plays a role in supporting network slicing, which allows the network to be partitioned into multiple virtual networks, each customized for specific use cases or applications.
[0052] NWDAF: network data analytics function (NWDAF) conducts network data analytics, including the collection, analysis, and processing of traffic-related data. It enables network operators to make informed decisions regarding network optimization, resource allocation, and service provisioning, ultimately improving the overall efficiency, reliability, and user experience of the 5G network. Additionally, the NWDAF supports network slicing, enabling tailored network services for specific use cases by dynamically allocating resources based on real-time analytics.
[0053] UPF: The UPF is responsible for managing and processing the user data packets as they traverse through the 5G network. The UPF acts as a gateway between the core network and the radio access network, facilitating the transmission of data between the user equipment (UE) and the services or applications accessed by the user. It performs tasks such as packet routing, forwarding, and filtering, as well as quality of service (QoS) management to ensure that data packets are delivered efficiently and in accordance with the specified service requirements. The UPF also plays a critical role in enforcing policy rules and applying traffic management mechanisms, allowing network operators to prioritize traffic, allocate network resources, and optimize the user experience.
[0054] There are different variants of UPF offering specific functionalities and architectural enhancements to cater to diverse requirements and scenarios in modern network deployments. Each variant aims to enhance network efficiency, scalability, flexibility, or performance by leveraging specific features and capabilities.
[0055] UPF with UL CL / BP (uplink classifier / branching point) is responsible for classifying incoming uplink traffic based on various criteria such as packet headers, quality of service (QoS) parameters, or policy rules. It then forking traffic for a PDU session in uplink and merging user plane paths in down link. C-PSA UPF provides the IP anchor point when UL classifier is used. The EC application traffic is selectively diverted to the L-PSA UPF using UL classifier or multi-homing branching point mechanisms. The L-PSA UPF may be changed due to UE mobility.
[0056] The 5G Network Exposure Function (NEF) is a fundamental component within the 5G network architecture that enables controlled access to network capabilities and data. The NEF acts as an interface between the 5G network and external applications, services, or third-party systems. The primary role of the NEF is to provide a secure and standardized mechanism for exposing network resources and services to authorized third-party developers, service providers, or applications. It allows external entities to leverage the capabilities of the 5G network, such as network slicing, real-time data, and service orchestration. The NEF facilitates the creation of open application programming interfaces (APIs) that enable authorized third parties to access specific network functions, services, and data.
[0057] The energy brokerage function or energy broker function (EBF) serves as a network feature in 5G, responsible for energy consumption and efficiency decisions. These decisions encompass various elements, such as energy consumption per slice, energy consumption per application, per DNAI, per PDU session, among others. In certain instances, multiple candidate paths to reach the server may exist, all capable of fulfilling the same quality of service (QoS) service-level agreement (SLA) parameters, including latency, bit rate, and quality of service class identifier (QCI) . Alternatively, subscribers or a group of subscribers may prefer to utilize green energy, even at the cost of reduced QoS. The mechanisms disclosed in this invention ensure the selection of the most energy-efficient user plane path for a PDU session. This helps network operators, service providers, and users in their efforts to achieve carbon neutrality by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
[0058] EBF
[0059] The EBF can function as an independent NF, a sub-function within the charging domain such as CHF, an AF of third-party energy broker application, or similar function residing on NEF or NRF, or work in collaboration with CHF to manage energy credits for subscribers, UE, slices, and applications. The EBF supports the procedures and mechanisms to meet energy consumption KPIs.
[0060] In some examples, The EBF may include at least one of the followings:
[0061] 1. Energy Awareness: By gathering detailed information about energy consumption, energy efficiency and energy state for each network instance in 5G based on NF type, NF instance identifier (ID) , fully qualified domain name (FQDN) or IP address of NF, names of supported NF services and public land mobile network (PLMN) ID, e.g., if NF needs to be discovered by other PLMN / stand-alone non-public network (SNPN) .
[0062] 2. Policy-Based Energy Management: By enabling policy decisions based on energy consumption, you could create incentives for energy efficiency. For example, you could use policies that favor lower-energy network slices or applications.
[0063] 3. Energy Credit Management: If implemented as a sub-function in the charging domain, an energy brokerage function could introduce the concept of “energy credits” . This could be used to encourage users to limit their energy consumption or to favor more energy-efficient services.
[0064] 4. Collaboration with CHF: Collaborating with the CHF to integrate energy considerations into billing and charging processes based on different energy states of network elements and network functions. This could further incentivize energy efficiency by directly linking energy usage to costs.
[0065] 5. Energy Efficiency for internet of things (IOT) : With the massive number of IoT devices expected to be connected via 5G networks, efficient energy use becomes even more critical. An energy brokerage function could help manage and optimize energy consumption in these scenarios. IoT may refer to extension of internet connectivity to physical devices and sensors.
[0066] 6. Energy Consumption and Efficiency Exposure: EBF supports interface with NEF or operator-trusted AF to expose information to external and monitor energy consumption and efficiency per network slice, per UE, per subscription, per PDU session, per DNAI, and per application or service.
[0067] The Energy Broker NF is also capable of sending requests to influence SMF routing decisions for PDU session traffic. These requests from the NF can impact UPF re-selection and intermediate SMF (I-SMF) re-selection, enabling the routing of user traffic to a local access point of a data network identified by a DNAI.
[0068] There may be several variations for this energy broker AF-based mechanism. In some embodiments, a user subscription is provisioned with an energy consumption credit applicable to a UE or multiple UEs within the subscription. The energy broker application function (AF) may be configured to calculate a representative user plane energy consumption value, this value being derived from the established quota (the total energy budget) , radio access network (RAN) power consumption data, as well as other network function (NF) energy consumption. This calculated desired energy consumption value, in turn, enables the selection of an optimal routing path for the said UE or associated service.
[0069] In some embodiments, a detailed energy consumption credit is specific to a service, for example, an IPTV streaming service, is explicitly provisioned in a data network name (DNN) or access point name (APN) profile. The energy broker AF, utilizing information from these profiles, may be programmed to determine that an EAS, which offers 720p high efficiency video coding standard (HEVC) video streaming, could constitute the optimal pathway to fulfill this service’s energy consumption requirement. This could be achieved in consideration of a reduced monthly charge for the subscriber, facilitating the internet protocol television (IPTV) streaming service provider’s goal of mitigating carbon emissions.
[0070] In yet some embodiments, the preferred energy consumption value incorporates the per-slice energy consumption requirements. This is utilized to ascertain the desired energy consumption value within the 5G core network, primarily concerning the user plane. This is largely due to the fact that the control plane energy consumption is typically minimal and can, in many instances, be disregarded.
[0071] The EBF might subscribe to power consumption analytics from NWDAF, and use the analytics results to guide optimized route selection, and NWDAF could correlate power consumption with the QoS parameters, such as latency, throughput, or packet loss. This analysis enables network operators to understand the trade-off between power consumption and service performance. It can guide decision-making processes related to resource allocation, network optimization, and energy efficient QoS provisioning.
[0072] The EBF might be in collaboration with NWDAF to employ anomaly detection algorithms to identify abnormal power consumption patterns or sudden spikes in energy usage. These anomalies may indicate inefficiencies, malfunctions, or potential power-related issues within the network infrastructure. Early detection enables prompt intervention and optimization actions to minimize energy wastage and improve overall system performance.
[0073] The energy broker AF might be in collaboration with NWDAF to analyze power consumption patterns over time, considering factors such as network load, user traffic, and operational conditions. This analysis can reveal peak power consumption periods, energy usage trends, and fluctuations in power demand. Such insights enable network operators to implement strategies like load balancing and dynamic resource provisioning to optimize power consumption.
[0074] Energy Consumption and Energy Efficiency Parameters
[0075] Some embodiments introduce a comprehensive collection of parameters on energy consumption and energy efficiency. These parameters, along with their associated applications, form the basis for establishing and optimizing energy consumption and efficiency within 5G networks.
[0076] Some embodiments provide a detailed examination of specific parameters. The at least one energy related parameter is centrally integrated into the EBF, or the at least one energy related parameter is distributed across the at least one network element. For examples, these parameters could be centrally integrated into the EBF per PLMN, or they could be distributed across various structures and procedures within the network.
[0077] The at least one energy related parameter may include at least one of the following:
[0078] Maximum Allowed User Plane Energy Consumption: The parameter denotes the target energy consumption for the user plane. The SMF may use this value to determine whether edge relocation is necessary to ensure user plane consumption does not exceed the set limit. Specifically, the SMF may decide whether to relocate the L-PSA UPF to meet the user plane consumption requirements.
[0079] Data Network Energy Consumption per DNAI: This parameter indicates the energy consumption of a DN identified by DNAI.
[0080] Base Station Energy Consumption: This parameter specifies the maximum energy consumption allowed for each gNB during various states such as idle, low traffic, and peak traffic periods.
[0081] Device / UE Energy Consumption information: This set of parameters provides information about energy source type for UE or device, current energy level for UE / device, group of UEs / devices, UE / device operating on a specific DNAI, UE / device operating over a specific PSA UPF, or UE / device operating on a specific edge application server Instance.
[0082] Energy Consumption per User / Subscriber Group information: indication This parameter sets the maximum power consumption for each subscription account, which might include multiple UEs or subscribers. For instance, in a shared family plan, the primary family member accounts can balance energy credits among themselves.
[0083] Energy Harvesting Capability Indicator: This parameter indicates the amount of energy or power a device, a UE, an ambient IoT device or a group of devices, UEs, or Ambient IoT devices can extract or harvest from ambient environment, and how long they could last for communications.
[0084] Energy Conversion Efficiency: This parameter indicates the effectiveness with which the harvested energy is converted into a form that can be stored or used by devices, UEs, or ambient IoT devices.
[0085] Energy Storage Capacity: This parameter designates the maximum energy amount a device, UE, or an Ambient IoT device can store for future use.
[0086] Energy Discharge Rate or Standby Energy Loss Rate: This parameter gauges the rate of energy depletion from a UE, device, or Ambient IoT device during periods of inactivity or when the device or UE is not in use.
[0087] Energy Consumption per Traffic Volume: This KPI measures the energy consumed per unit of transmitted or received network traffic volume. It offers insights into the energy efficiency of data transmission and reception processes, considering factors such as modulation schemes, coding rates, and transmission power levels.
[0088] Application / Service-Specific Energy Consumption: This parameter provides energy consumption information, such as threshold and current level. for specific applications or services. These applications and services can be identified via application identifiers host, DNN, APN or slice information, etc.
[0089] Handover Energy Efficiency: This parameter sets energy efficiency metrics for handover procedures, such as the energy consumed during handover execution or the energy efficiency of handover algorithms. It might help to enforce the optimization of handover processes to minimize unnecessary energy consumption.
[0090] Network Protocol Energy Efficiency: This parameter establishes energy efficiency requirements for various network protocols, including signaling protocols, control plane procedures, and resource allocation algorithms. This parameter offers information based on network protocol to guide traffic with certain network protocol follows an energy-efficient routing path.
[0091] Energy Efficiency for NF: This KPI measures the overall energy efficiency of the 5G network. It takes into account the energy consumption of different network elements, traffic loads, and user behaviors, thereby offering an aggregate measure of the network’s energy efficiency.
[0092] Energy consumption preference: Indicate the preferred energy consumption type (regular carbon energy, renewal energy, hybrid) when the UE establishes a PDU session for the matching application.
[0093] Energy Harvesting Schedule: Indicate the energy harvesting schedule for the UE or device.
[0094] Policy and Charging Control (PCC) Rules
[0095] In some embodiments, Table 1 indicates how certain aforementioned parameters can be applied to formulate energy consumption requirements in a PCC rule, influencing traffic steering enforcement control under AF. The data derived from this rule can be used to refresh PCF with the necessary information about User Plane Energy Consumption requirements. These rules can be dynamically provisioned by the PCF (for instance, they might initially be defined by operator within the PCF itself) to SMF, or alternatively, they might be predefined in SMF and simply referenced by the PCF.
[0096] Table 1: Information on User Plane Energy Consumption in PCC rules
[0097]
[0098] PDU session related policy information
[0099] In some embodiments, when used as Energy Consumption threshold in PDU session related policy information, the parameters outlined in Table 2 can be supplied by the PCF to the SMF, either in conjunction with PCC rules or independently. It facilitates the monitoring of Energy Consumption and Energy Efficiency for individual applications or services, or groups of applications or services within a PDU Session. Upon reaching the established energy consumption threshold, the SMF shall report this trigger to the PCF.
[0100] Table 2: Energy Consumption Threshold
[0101]
[0102] UE route selection descriptors
[0103] In some embodiments, when some of these parameters, outlined in Table 3, serve as UE route selection descriptors in URSP rules, these rules representing the preferred energy consumption, Device or UE Energy Consumption, and Energy Consumption per User / Subscriber Group profile, should guide the establishment of the PDU Session. The energy consumption preference takes into account energy sources ranging from fossil to non-fossil and renewable forms such as wind, solar, aerothermal, geothermal, hydrothermal, ocean energy, hydropower, biomass, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas, and biogases, etc. This parameter serves to promote the utilization of renewable energy sources. The UE route selection might also take into account the energy source type, current energy level, and the energy consumption per user or subscriber group.
[0104] Table 3: Energy Consumption Preference in Route Selection Descriptor
[0105]
[0106] Network Configuration Parameters in NEF
[0107] In some embodiments, in Table 4, a series of network configuration parameters are employed to guide the SMF in determining the energy consumption budget for the establishment of a PDU session. These parameters ensure the UPF selection adheres to the maximum energy consumption credit.
[0108] The parameter "Maximum Allowed User Plane Energy Consumption" signifies the target user plane energy consumption. Utilizing this target, the SMF may determine whether relocation at the edge is required to ensure that user plane consumption does not surpass the designated limit. In particular, the SMF may opt to relocate the L-PSA UPF to comply with the user plane consumption constraint. The specification of this parameter may vary, allowing flexibility to be defined per traffic volume, application, service, UE, DNAI, or S-NSSAI.
[0109] The parameter "Energy Efficiency of Network Protocols" sets energy efficiency benchmarks for an array of network protocols, including signaling protocols, control plane procedures, and resource allocation algorithms. This measure ensures these protocols and algorithms are architected to function in an energy-efficient manner, thus curtailing any unnecessary energy expenditure.
[0110] The parameter "Energy Efficiency for NF" serves as a metric encapsulating the overall energy efficiency of the 5G network. This comprehensive measure accounts for the energy consumption across different network elements, traffic loads, and user behavior, thereby providing a holistic view of the network's energy efficiency.
[0111] The parameter "Energy Consumption Per Traffic Volume" quantifies the energy consumed per unit of traffic volume transmitted or received by the network. This metric illuminates the energy efficiency of data transmission and reception processes, contemplating factors such as modulation schemes, coding rates, and transmission power levels.
[0112] Table 4: Description of Energy Consumption Network Configuration parameters
[0113]
[0114] Expected UE Behavior Parameters in NEF
[0115] In some embodiments, the expected UE and device behavior parameters, as outlined in Table 5, can be stored and sorted in two specific ways. The first is as AMF-associated Expected Behavior Parameters, relating to individual UEs or devices. The second is as SMF-associated Expected UE Behavior Parameters, relevant to each PDU Session level within the UDM. These parameters can be forwarded to the RAN to optimize the Uu or air interface between a device, specifically an Ambient IoT device, and UE. This optimization aids in differentiating resource allocation.
[0116] The 'Energy Harvesting Capability Indicator'reveals the energy quantity that a device, a UE, an Ambient IoT device, or a group of such devices can draw or harvest from their surroundings. It also provides information about how long they can maintain communication using this harvested energy. In conjunction with this, the 'A mbient IoT device scheduled energy harvesting'parameter outlines the device's energy harvesting schedule. It highlights the frequency or speed at which a device must perform energy harvesting. These harvesting parameters aid external applications in aligning their communications with the device's energy harvesting rhythms, leading to more energy-efficient communication.
[0117] Parameters such as 'Energy Conversion Efficiency', 'A mbient IoT Energy Storage Capacity Indicator', and 'A mbient IoT Energy Discharge Rate / Standby Energy Loss Rate'provide to external applications valuable insights into the device's energy management capabilities.
[0118] With these predictive behavior parameters, an external application server or application function can establish energy-aware communications while ensuring robust network performance and an excellent user experience.
[0119] Table 5: Expected UE and Device Behavior Parameters
[0120]
[0121] UE subscription profile in UDM
[0122] In some embodiments, Table 6 outlines energy consumption and efficiency parameters that could be incorporated into the UE subscription profile within the UDM. NF consumers of the UDM can retrieve user subscription as needed, and the UDM can also provide updated user subscriber data to the subscribed NF consumers. By integrating the parameters from Table 6 into the UE subscription profile in the UDM, the SMF (as an NF consumer) can utilize this data in the selection and re-selection of energy efficient UPFs. This process takes into account information about NF load and UPF dynamic load, among other factors. For instance, the “Energy Efficiency for NF” KPI, when combined with NF load information, can be exploited by the NWDAF to predict the relationship between energy consumption patterns and NF load. Moreover, “Device / UE Energy Consumption Information” , and “Energy Consumption per User / Subscriber Group Information” , both being part of the session management subscription data, provide information to assist SMF in the selection and re-selection of UPFs in a way that may optimize energy efficiency.
[0123] Table 6 : UE Subscription Profile in UDM
[0124]
[0125] Events for monitoring energy consumption and efficiency capability in NEF
[0126] In some embodiments, certain KPIs outlined in this document can be employed as Events for monitoring energy consumption and efficiency capabilities, as outlined in Table 7. Monitoring capabilities should be accessible to NFs in 5GS via the NEF. The NEF, in collaboration with UDM, AMF, SMF, NSACF, and GMLC, can configure specific Monitor Events and handle the reporting of these events.
[0127] Table 7: List of Events for monitoring energy consumption / efficiency capability
[0128]
[0129] Energy Consumption Requirements within AF request
[0130] In some embodiments, the SMF can have knowledge of the user plane energy consumption requirements of the potential PSA-UPF and edge application servers. This information allows for the consideration of energy consumption during edge relocation operations. In some embodiments, the AF provides this data, which assists the SMF in the selection and reselection of an UPF for a specific PDU Session. The AF communicates these energy consumption requirements to the network through an AF traffic influence request, serving as inputs in the Nnef_TrafficInfluence_Create operation. The PCF is responsible for validating the AF's authority to make such requests. If authorized by the PCF, the request is conveyed to the SMF via AF influenced Traffic Steering Enforcement Control in PCC rules. Upon receipt of these requirements, the SMF can take necessary actions to fulfill these requirements. The user plane energy consumption requirements information can be optional, as indicated in Table 8.
[0131] Table 8: Information Element within AF Request
[0132]
[0133] Energy Consumption and Energy Efficiency as NF profile in NRF or EBF
[0134] In some embodiments, the parameters detailed in the above embodiments could be stored in a NRF per PLMN as part of NF profile. For instance, the UPF energy consumption information could be integrated as a component of the UPF profile within the NRF. EBF or an operator-trusted AF could subscribe to the NRF to receive notifications about changes in the NF profile. This allows for the timely updating of energy consumption and energy efficiency KPIs. For instance, the EBF or a third-party energy broker AF could utilize the UPF energy consumption information, combined with number of registered UEs or established PDU sessions for a network slice subject to NSAC. This would enable the calculation of instantaneous energy consumption per slice, per UE, per PDU session. The resulting metrics derived from these calculations could then be used as measures for the Energy Efficiency KPI.
[0135] System and Methods for energy-efficient routing selection
[0136] In some embodiments, a wireless communication method for energy-related based routing selection includes includes by a network node responsible for an energy related decision (such as EBF) , with at least one network element to perform a user plane (UP) route selection based on the energy related decision and / or at least one energy related parameter.
[0137] The user plane PDU session path selection from UE to the potential PSA-UPF might be performed in consideration of user plane energy consumption and efficiency parameters in the above embodiments. The network energy efficiency metric in one embodiment might be provided by each network function and consolidated at the EBF or an AF.
[0138] Case 1: EBF or operator-trusted AF
[0139] In some embodiments, perform the UP route selection includes transmitting, by the EBF or the AF used as an operator-trusted AF, at least one request to a policy and control function (PCF) of the at least one network element to influence a routing decision of a SMF of the at least one network element for user plane traffic of a PDU session. The at least one request may be an energy consumption request, an energy efficiency request, or requests for both energy consumption and energy efficiency.
[0140] For example, In case 1, EBF or an operator-trusted AF sends request directly to PCF to influence SMF routing decision for user plane traffic of PDU session, as described in FIG. 6 including at least one of the following operations.
[0141] 1. The operator-trusted AF or EBF initiates requests, containing session information, for energy-efficient route selection. These requests can be sent directly from either the AF or the EBF to the PCF.
[0142] 2. Upon receipt, the PCF evaluates if existing PDU sessions might be influenced by the requests.
[0143] 3. PCF might also be notified with Energy Consumption and Efficiency subscription information for session management.
[0144] 4. PCF takes the session information, energy consumption and efficiency policies, subscription information and other relevant information into account.
[0145] 5. SMF may take appropriate actions to reconfigure the user plane of the PDU session.
[0146] The AF request on the user plane energy efficiency requirements is authorized by PCF. The PCF checks whether the AF has an authority to make such a request. Once the user plane energy efficiency requirements requested by AF is authorized by the PCF, the AF request including the requirements is informed to the SMF via AF influenced Traffic Steering Enforcement Control in PCC rules. After receiving the user plane energy efficiency requirements from AF via PCF, the SMF may take appropriate actions to meet the requirements e.g., by reconfiguring the user plane of the PDU session.
[0147] Case 2: third-party AF
[0148] In some embodiments, perform the UP route selection includes transmitting, by a third-party AF, at least one request to a policy and control function (PCF) of the at least one network element through the NEF to influence a routing decision of a SMF of the at least one network element for user plane traffic of a PDU session. The at least one request may be an energy consumption request, an energy efficiency request, or requests for both energy consumption and energy efficiency.
[0149] For example, in case 2, third-party energy broker AF to choose the optimized energy consumption, i.e., AF send request through NEF to PCF, and to influence SMF routing decision for user plane traffic of PDU session. As illustrated in FIG. 7 including at least one of the following operations.
[0150] 1. AF sends its request to NEF. The NEF ensures the necessary authorization control. AF sends Nnef_TrafficInfluence_Create update to NEF. The NEF also stores the AF request information in the UDR.
[0151] 2. The PCF, which is subscribed to AF request modifications will receives the Nudr_DM_Notify notification of data changes from the UDR.
[0152] 3. The PCF determines if need to change if so send Npcf_SMPolicyControl_UpdateNotify.
[0153] 4. Traffic routing reconfiguration based on energy.
[0154] Case 3: UE Energy Consumption Preference-based Selection
[0155] In some embodiments, the UP route selection includes a UE energy consumption preference-based selection.
[0156] For example, in case 3, a specific UE may opt to select a user plane path powered by renewable energy for a PDU session. This could necessitate an AF request specifically targeting a UE by its unique address. As depicted in FIG. 8, an energy broker function, either within the AF or as an independent EBF, could offer the UE an option to confirm its preference for a more energy-efficient communication route or the use of renewable energy sources. Alternatively, the UE could initiate a request to implement a specific energy consumption and efficiency policy to meet SLA requirements. The AF or EBF could also confirm whether the UE is part of a specific user group. If needed, energy consumption credits in the UE's Energy Consumption and Efficiency profile might be taken into consideration.
[0157] First alternative (Alt#1) in FIG. 8, illustates that, in some embodiments, these requests are directed by the AF or NEF to a specific PCF via the BSF. In this setup, the BSF provides the PCF's address to the AF or NEF, enabling them to send the request to the correct PCF. After the PCF authorizes the AF's request to influence path selection, the PCF initiates an SM policy association modification. The SMF can then take the necessary steps to assist with EAS discovery and re-discovery for the PDU session.
[0158] Second alternative (Alt#2) in FIG. 8, illustates that, in some embodiments, the AF / EBF might deduce UE behavior parameters relevant to Energy Consumption and Efficiency. The AMF or SMF could then use this information to assist with CN-assisted RAN parameters, enhancing RAN energy efficiency.
[0159] Third alternative (Alt#3) in FIG. 8, illustates that in yet some embodiments, service-specific information provisioning is employed to deliver energy consumption and efficiency-relevant policy to the 5G system.
[0160] Case 4: NWDAF-assisted Energy Consumption and Efficiency
[0161] In some embodiments, perform the UP route selection includes: subscribing, by the network node responsible for the energy related decision, to power consumption analytics from a NWDAF of the at least one network element; and using, by the network node responsible for the energy related decision, power consumption analytics results to guide the UP route selection.
[0162] For examples, in Case 4, the energy broker function might subscribe to power consumption analytics from NWDAF, and use the analytics results to guide optimized route selection. It could also correlate power consumption with the QoS parameters, such as latency, throughput, or packet loss. This analysis enables network operators to understand the trade-off between power consumption and service performance. It can guide decision-making processes related to resource allocation, network optimization, and energy efficient QoS provisioning.
[0163] The energy broker function with analytics from NWDAF can also employ anomaly detection algorithms to identify abnormal power consumption patterns or sudden spikes in energy usage. These anomalies may indicate inefficiencies, malfunctions, or potential power-related issues within the network infrastructure. Early detection enables prompt intervention and optimization actions to minimize energy wastage and improve overall system performance. The energy broker function with analytics from NWDAF can also analyze power consumption patterns over time, considering factors such as network load, user traffic, and operational conditions. This analysis can reveal peak power consumption periods, energy usage trends, and fluctuations in power demand. Such insights enable network operators to implement strategies like load balancing and dynamic resource provisioning to optimize power consumption.
[0164] As described in FIG. 9, the at lest one of the following procedures applies.
[0165] 1. Administration and maintenance (OAM) stores Power, Energy and Environmental measurements, as defined in Clauses 4.4.3.1, 4.4.3.4, and Annex A of ETSI ES 202 336-12.
[0166] 2. NWDAF collects relevant energy measurements from OAM.
[0167] 3. NWDAF produces analytics on energy consumption analytics.
[0168] 4. Energy broker AF or EBF subscribes to NWDAF analytics via NEF.
[0169] 5. Energy broker AF or EBF based on analytics to determine optimized energy consumption-based routing selection strategy, and to guide SMF to define PCF policy and generate routing selection decision, and to follow the procedures described in Case 1, or alternatively in Case 2 to perform traffic routing reconfiguration.
[0170] Commercial interests for some embodiments are as follows. 1. Solve issues in the prior art and other issues. 2. Achieve an energy-efficient user plane (UP) route selection. 3. Some embodiments of the present disclosure disclose mechanisms how to use a network node (such as energy-broker AF or network function (NF) ) , a set of energy consumption (EC) and energy efficiency (EE) parameters, and / or key performance indicators (KPIs) . 4. Some embodiments of the present disclosure can be used in many applications. Some embodiments of the present disclosure are used by chipset vendors, video system development vendors, automakers including cars, trains, trucks, buses, bicycles, moto-bikes, helmets, and etc., drones (unmanned aerial vehicles) , smartphone makers, communication devices for public safety use, AR / VR / MR device maker for example gaming, conference / seminar, education purposes. Some embodiments of the present disclosure are a combination of “techniques / processes” that can be adopted in video standards to create an end product. Some embodiments of the present disclosure propose technical mechanisms. The at least one proposed solution, method, system, and apparatus of some embodiments of the present disclosure may be used for current and / or new / future standards regarding communication systems. Compatible products follow at least one proposed solution, method, system, and apparatus of some embodiments of the present disclosure. The proposed solution, method, system, and apparatus are widely used in a communication system. With the implementation of the at least one proposed solution, method, system, and apparatus of some embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one modification / improvement to methods and apparatus of energy-related based routing selection are considered for standardizing.
[0171] The solution from some embodiments of the present disclosure allow network operators and service providers to make efficient use of energy and achieve their greenhouse gas (GHG) emission goal. Some embodiments of the present disclosure also allow network operators and service providers to offset GHG emission goal by allow service subscribers to choose renewal energy options or paying more in exchange of more advanced user experience. Some embodiments of the present disclosure meet several work task requirements for 3GPP Rel-19 work. The innovation aspects of some embodiments of the present disclosure may be introduction of at least one of the followings. 1. Energy Consumption and Efficiency parameters and mechanisms presented in the above embodiments. 2. The functions of energy broker AF or NF described in in the above embodiments. 3. New energy consumption and energy efficiency analytics at NWDAF. 4. The procedures to present UE options to choose energy efficient route selection. 5. The energy consumption KPI to one user or a group of users. 6. The mechanism to allow a group of users to share energy consumption credit, and transfer energy consumption credit among the users / subscribers in a group of users / UEs. 7. Mechanisms to use energy consumption and efficiency parameters to determine user plane path described in in the above embodiments. 8. Introduction of several policy-based user plane energy consumption parameters which can be used as maximum energy consumption credit limit per service, per application, per subscription, per UE / device, per slice, per PDU session, etc. 9. Development of a framework to derive Energy Consumption reports from 5GC Network Functions and RAN. 10. Addition of energy efficienc-related and energy consumpiton-related policy information. 11. Offering dedicated energy efficiency as a service network function. 12. Dedicated energy broker network function to enable energy consumption measurement and facilitate carbon emission estimation. 13.Enhanced exposure of energy-related information on the network, such as energy consumption at the NF level, network slice level, UE level, PDU session level, and more. 14. Introduction of the Energy Broker NF and relevant enhancements to 5G system procedures that that encompass UE, 5G core network, NG-RAN interactions, aiming for energy conservation. These enhancements include energy-aware communications, energy harvesting parameters, expected UE and device behavior parameters for battery-less devices, adjustments in energy usage for NF from a core network perspective, and decisions related to energy saving. 15. Implementation of energy-saving-driven network adjustmens such as user migration traffic diversion, and adjustments to QoS or actions that might affect user experience based on pre-configured SLA. 16. NWDAF enhancement to support dynamic energy saving operations that adapt based on services, applications, UE, and network conditions.
[0172] FIG. 10 is an example of a computing device 1100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Any suitable computing device can be used for performing the operations described herein. For example, FIG. 10 illustrates an example of the computing device 1100 that can implement apparautes and / or methods illustrated in FIG. 1 to FIG. 9 using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the computing device 1100 can include a processor 1112 that is communicatively coupled to a memory 1114 and that executes computer-executable program code and / or accesses information stored in the memory 1114. The processor 1112 may include a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit ( “ASIC” ) , a state machine, or other processing device. The processor 1112 can include any of a number of processing devices, including one. Such a processor can include or may be in communication with a computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processor 1112, cause the processor to perform the operations described herein.
[0173] The memory 1114 can include any suitable non-transitory computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium can include any electronic, optical, magnetic, or other storage device capable of providing a processor with computer-readable instructions or other program code. Non-limiting examples of a computer-readable medium include a magnetic disk, a memory chip, a read-only memory (ROM) , a random access memory (RAM) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a configured processor, optical storage, magnetic tape or other magnetic storage, or any other medium from which a computer processor can read instructions. The instructions may include processor-specific instructions generated by a compiler and / or an interpreter from code written in any suitable computer-programming language, including, for example, C, C++, C#, visual basic, java, python, perl, javascript, and actionscript.
[0174] The computing device 1100 can also include a bus 1116. The bus 1116 can communicatively couple one or more components of the computing device 1100. The computing device 1100 can also include a number of external or internal devices such as input or output devices. For example, the computing device 1100 is illustrated with an input / output ( “I / O” ) interface 1118 that can receive input from one or more input devices 1120 or provide output to one or more output devices 1122. The one or more input devices 1120 and one or more output devices 1122 can be communicatively coupled to the I / O interface 1118. The communicative coupling can be implemented via any suitable manner (e.g., a connection via a printed circuit board, connection via a cable, communication via wireless transmissions, etc. ) . Non-limiting examples of input devices 1120 include a touch screen (e g., one or more cameras for imaging a touch area or pressure sensors for detecting pressure changes caused by a touch) , a mouse, a keyboard, or any other device that can be used to generate input events in response to physical actions by a user of a computing device. Non-limiting examples of output devices 1122 include a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen, an external monitor, a speaker, or any other device that can be used to display or otherwise present outputs generated by a computing device.
[0175] The computing device 1100 can execute program code that configures the processor 1112 to perform one or more of the operations described above with respect to some embodiments illustrated in FIG. 1 to FIG. 11. The program code may be resident in the memory 1114 or any suitable computer-readable medium and may be executed by the processor 1112 or any other suitable processor.
[0176] The computing device 1100 can also include at least one network interface device 1124. The network interface device 1124 can include any device or group of devices suitable for establishing a wired or wireless data connection to one or more data networks 1128. Non limiting examples of the network interface device 1124 include an Ethernet network adapter, a modem, and / or the like. The computing device 1100 can transmit messages as electronic or optical signals via the network interface device 1124.
[0177] FIG. 11 is a block diagram of an example of a communication system 1200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Embodiments described herein may be implemented into the communication system 1200 using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. FIG. 11 illustrates the communication system 1200 including a radio frequency (RF) circuitry 1210, a baseband circuitry 1220, an application circuitry 1230, a memory / storage 1240, a display 1250, a camera 1260, a sensor 1270, and an input / output (I / O) interface 1280, coupled with each other at least as illustrated.
[0178] The application circuitry 1230 may include a circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processors may include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors, such as graphics processors, application processors. The processors may be coupled with the memory / storage and configured to execute instructions stored in the memory / storage to enable various applications and / or operating systems running on the system. The communication system 1200 can execute program code that configures the application circuitry 1230 to perform one or more of the operations described above with respect to FIG. 1 to FIG. 9. The program code may be resident in the application circuitry 1230 or any suitable computer-readable medium and may be executed by the application circuitry 1230 or any other suitable processor.
[0179] The baseband circuitry 1220 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processors may include a baseband processor. The baseband circuitry may handle various radio control functions that may enable communication with one or more radio networks via the RF circuitry. The radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation, encoding, decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc. In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may provide for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) and / or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN) , a wireless local area network (WLAN) , a wireless personal area network (WPAN) . Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuitry.
[0180] In various embodiments, the baseband circuitry 1220 may include circuitry to operate with signals that are not strictly considered as being in a baseband frequency. For example, in some embodiments, baseband circuitry may include circuitry to operate with signals having an intermediate frequency, which is between a baseband frequency and a radio frequency. The RF circuitry 1210 may enable communication with wireless networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate the communication with the wireless network. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry 1210 may include circuitry to operate with signals that are not strictly considered as being in a radio frequency. For example, in some embodiments, RF circuitry may include circuitry to operate with signals having an intermediate frequency, which is between a baseband frequency and a radio frequency.
[0181] In various embodiments, the transmitter circuitry, control circuitry, or receiver circuitry discussed above with respect to apparatuses and / or methods illustrated in FIG. 1 to FIG. 9 may be embodied in whole or in part in one or more of the RF circuitry, the baseband circuitry, and / or the application circuitry. As used herein, “circuitry” may refer to, be part of, or include an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) , and / or a memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and / or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the electronic device circuitry may be implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules. In some embodiments, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry, the application circuitry, and / or the memory / storage may be implemented together on a system on a chip (SOC) . The memory / storage 1240 may be used to load and store data and / or instructions, for example, for system. The memory / storage for one embodiment may include any combination of suitable volatile memory, such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM) ) , and / or non-volatile memory, such as flash memory.
[0182] In various embodiments, the I / O interface 1280 may include one or more user interfaces designed to enable user interaction with the system and / or peripheral component interfaces designed to enable peripheral component interaction with the system. User interfaces may include, but are not limited to a physical keyboard or keypad, a touchpad, a speaker, a microphone, etc. Peripheral component interfaces may include, but are not limited to, a non-volatile memory port, a universal serial bus (USB) port, an audio jack, and a power supply interface. In various embodiments, the sensor 1270 may include one or more sensing devices to determine environmental conditions and / or location information related to the system. In some embodiments, the sensors may include, but are not limited to, a gyro sensor, an accelerometer, a proximity sensor, an ambient light sensor, and a positioning unit. The positioning unit may also be part of, or interact with, the baseband circuitry and / or RF circuitry to communicate with components of a positioning network, e.g., a global positioning system (GPS) satellite.
[0183] In various embodiments, the display 1250 may include a display, such as a liquid crystal display and a touch screen display. In various embodiments, the communication system 1200 may be a mobile computing device such as, but not limited to, a laptop computing device, a tablet computing device, a netbook, an Ultrabook, a smartphone, an AR / VR glasses, etc. In various embodiments, system may have more or less components, and / or different architectures. Where appropriate, methods described herein may be implemented as a computer program. The computer program may be stored on a storage medium, such as a non-transitory storage medium.
[0184] A person having ordinary skill in the art understands that each of the units, algorithm, and steps described and disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure are realized using electronic hardware or combinations of software for computers and electronic hardware. Whether the functions run in hardware or software depends on the condition of application and design requirement for a technical plan. A person having ordinary skill in the art can use different ways to realize the function for each specific application while such realizations should not go beyond the scope of the present disclosure. It is understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art that he / she can refer to the working processes of the system, device, and unit in the above-mentioned embodiment since the working processes of the above-mentioned system, device, and unit are basically the same. For easy description and simplicity, these working processes will not be detailed.
[0185] It is understood that the disclosed system, device, and method in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be realized with other ways. The above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary only. The division of the units is merely based on logical functions while other divisions exist in realization. It is possible that a plurality of units or components are combined or integrated in another system. It is also possible that some characteristics are omitted or skipped. On the other hand, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling, direct coupling, or communicative coupling operate through some ports, devices, or units whether indirectly or communicatively by ways of electrical, mechanical, or other kinds of forms.
[0186] The units as separating components for explanation are or are not physically separated. The units for display are or are not physical units, that is, located in one place or distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units are used according to the purposes of the embodiments. Moreover, each of the functional units in each of the embodiments can be integrated in one processing unit, physically independent, or integrated in one processing unit with two or more than two units.
[0187] If the software function unit is realized and used and sold as a product, it can be stored in a readable storage medium in a computer. Based on this understanding, the technical plan proposed by the present disclosure can be essentially or partially realized as the form of a software product. Or, one part of the technical plan beneficial to the conventional technology can be realized as the form of a software product. The software product in the computer is stored in a storage medium, including a plurality of commands for a computational device (such as a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to run all or some of the steps disclosed by the embodiments of the present disclosure. The storage medium includes a USB disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM) , a random access memory (RAM) , a floppy disk, or other kinds of media capable of storing program codes.
[0188] While the present disclosure has been described in connection with what is considered the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments but is intended to cover various arrangements made without departing from the scope of the broadest interpretation of the appended claims.
Claims
1.A wireless communication method for energy-related based routing selection, comprising:interacting, by a network node responsible for an energy related decision, with at least one network element to perform a user plane (UP) route selection based on the energy related decision and / or at least one energy related parameter.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the network node is an energy broker function (EBF) , an application function (AF) , a network function (NF) , a charging function (CHF) , a function residing on a network exposure function (NEF) , a function residing on a network repository function (NRF) , a function in collaboration with a CHF, or a function in collaboration with a network data analytics function (NWDAF) .3.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the energy related decision comprises an energy consumption decision and / or an energy efficiency decision.4.The method of claim 2 or 3, wherein the energy related decision comprises energy consumption per slice, per application, per data network access identifier (DNAI) , and / or per protocol data unit (PDU) session.5.The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the at least one energy related parameter is centrally integrated into the EBF, or the at least one energy related parameter is distributed across the at least one network element.6.The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the at least one energy related parameter comprises a maximum allowed UP energy consumption, a data network energy consumption per DNAI, a base station energy consumption, a device / UE energy consumption information, an energy consumption per user / subscriber group information, an energy harvesting capability indicator, an energy conversion efficiency, an energy storage capacity, an energy discharge rate or standby energy loss rate, an energy consumption per traffic volume, an application / service-specific energy consumption, a handover energy efficiency, a network protocol energy efficiency, an energy efficiency for NF, an energy consumption preference, and / or an energy harvesting schedule.7.The method of any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the at least one energy related parameter is applied to information on an UP energy consumption in one or more policy and charging control (PCC) rules, an energy consumption threshold in a PDU session related policy information, at least one UE route selection descriptor in one or more UE route selection policy (URSP) rule, at least one network configuration parameter to guide the network element in determining an energy consumption budget for an establishment of the PDU session, at least one expected UE and device behavior parameter, a UE subscription profile within a unified data management (UDM) , at least one event for monitoring at least one energy consumption and efficiency capability, at least one energy consumption requirement within an AF request, and / or an energy consumption and energy efficiency as an NF profile in the NRF or the EBF.8.The method of claim 7, wherein the at least one expected UE and device behavior parameter comprises at least one access and mobility management function (AMF) -associated expected behavior parameters, relating to individual UEs or devices, and / or at least one session management function (SMF) -associated expected UE behavior parameter, relevant to each PDU session level within the UDM.9.The method of any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein perform the UP route selection comprises:transmitting, by the EBF or the AF used as an operator-trusted AF, an energy consumption request, an energy efficiency request, or requests for both energy consumption and energy efficiency to a policy and control function (PCF) of the at least one network element to influence a routing decision of a SMF of the at least one network element for user plane traffic of a PDU session.10.The method of any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein perform the UP route selection comprises:transmitting, by a third-party AF, an energy consumption request, an energy efficiency request, or requests for both energy consumption and energy efficiency to a policy and control function (PCF) of the at least one network element through the NEF to influence a routing decision of a SMF of the at least one network element for user plane traffic of a PDU session.11.The method of any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the UP route selection comprises a UE energy consumption preference-based selection.12.The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein perform the UP route selection comprises:subscribing, by the network node responsible for the energy related decision, to power consumption analytics from a NWDAF of the at least one network element; andusing, by the network node responsible for the energy related decision, power consumption analytics results to guide the UP route selection.13.A wireless communication device, comprising:a network node responsible for an energy related decision and configured to interact with at least one network element to perform the user plane (UP) route selection based on the energy related decision and / or at least one energy related parameter.14.The wireless communication device of claim 13, wherein the network node is an energy broker function (EBF) , an application function (AF) , a network function (NF) , a charging function (CHF) , a function residing on a network exposure function (NEF) , a function residing on a network repository function (NRF) , a function in collaboration with a CHF, or a function in collaboration with network data analytics function (NWDAF) .15.The wireless communication device of claim 13 or 14, wherein the energy related decision comprises an energy consumption decision and / or an energy efficiency decision.16.The wireless communication device of claim 14 or 15, wherein the energy related decision comprises energy consumption per slice, per application, per data network access identifier (DNAI) , and / or per protocol data unit (PDU) session.17.The wireless communication device of any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the at least one energy related parameter is centrally integrated into the EBF, or the at least one energy related parameter is distributed across the at least one network element.18.The wireless communication device of any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the at least one energy related parameter comprises a maximum allowed UP energy consumption, a data network energy consumption per DNAI, a base station energy consumption, a device / UE energy consumption information, an energy consumption per user / subscriber group information, an energy harvesting capability indicator, an energy conversion efficiency, an energy storage capacity, an energy discharge rate or standby energy loss rate, an energy consumption per traffic volume, an application / service-specific energy consumption, a handover energy efficiency, a network protocol energy efficiency, an energy efficiency for NF, an energy consumption preference, and / or an energy harvesting schedule.19.The wireless communication device of any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein the at least one energy related parameter is applied to information on an UP energy consumption in one or more policy and charging control (PCC) rules, an energy consumption threshold in a PDU session related policy information, at least one UE route selection descriptor in one or more UE route selection policy (URSP) rule, at least one network configuration parameter to guide the network element in determining an energy consumption budget for an establishment of the PDU session, at least one expected UE and device behavior parameter, a UE subscription profile within a unified data management (UDM) , at least one event for monitoring at least one energy consumption and efficiency capability, at least one energy consumption requirement within an AF request, and / or an energy consumption and energy efficiency as an NF profile in the NRF or the EBF.20.The wireless communication device of claim 19, wherein the at least one expected UE and device behavior parameter comprises at least one access and mobility management function (AMF) -associated expected behavior parameters, relating to individual UEs or devices, and / or at least one session management function (SMF) -associated expected UE behavior parameter, relevant to each PDU session level within the UDM.21.The wireless communication device of any one of claims 14 to 20, wherein perform the UP route selection comprises:transmitting, by the EBF or the AF used as an operator-trusted AF, an energy consumption request, an energy efficiency request, or requests for both energy consumption and energy efficiency to a policy and control function (PCF) of the at least one network element to influence a routing decision of a SMF of the at least one network element for user plane traffic of a PDU session.22.The wireless communication device of any one of claims 14 to 20, wherein perform the UP route selection comprises:transmitting, by a third-party AF, an energy consumption request, an energy efficiency request, or requests for both energy consumption and energy efficiency to a policy and control function (PCF) of the at least one network element through the NEF to influence a routing decision of a SMF of the at least one network element for user plane traffic of a PDU session.23.The wireless communication device of any one of claims 14 to 20, wherein the UP route selection comprises a UE energy consumption preference-based selection.24.The wireless communication device of any one of claims 13 to 20, wherein perform the UP route selection comprises:subscribing, by the network node responsible for the energy related decision, to power consumption analytics from a NWDAF of the at least one network element; andusing, by the network node responsible for the energy related decision, power consumption analytics results to guide the UP route selection.25.A wireless communication device, comprising:a selector configured to interact at least one network element to perform a user plane (UP) route selection based on an energy related decision and / or at least one energy related parameter.26.The wireless communication device of claim 13, wherein the selector is a network node responsible for the energy related decision.27.The wireless communication device of claim 26, wherein the network node is an energy broker function (EBF) , an application function (AF) , a network function (NF) , a charging function (CHF) , a function residing on a network exposure function (NEF) , a function residing on a network repository function (NRF) , a function in collaboration with a CHF, or a function in collaboration with network data analytics function (NWDAF) .28.A network device, comprising:a memory;a transceiver; anda processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver;wherein the network device is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 12.29.A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 12.30.A chip, comprising:a processor, configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the chip is installed to execute the method of any one of claims 1 to 12.31.A computer readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any one of claims 1 to 12.32.A computer program product, comprising a computer program, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any one of claims 1 to 12.33.A computer program, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any one of claims 1 to 12.