Inventory procedures in ambient internet of things deployment
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- QUALCOMM INC
- Filing Date
- 2023-08-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-08
AI Technical Summary
Current wireless communication systems lack effective methods for inventorying wireless devices, particularly in ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) deployments, due to limitations in generating orthogonal random access channel preambles and supporting backscatter communications.
A method and system for improved inventory procedures in AIoT deployments, where a reader device initiates an inventory procedure by transmitting a trigger message, and wireless devices respond with a waveform containing an application layer identifier, followed by a feedback message with a layer one identifier, facilitating subsequent communication.
The proposed solution enables efficient identification and communication with wireless devices within a coverage range, supporting both two-step and four-step inventory procedures, thereby addressing the limitations of existing technologies.
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Figure CN2023115714_06032025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
INVENTORY PROCEDURES IN AMBIENT INTERNET OF THINGS DEPLOYMENT
[0001] FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
[0002] The following relates to wireless communications, including inventory procedures in ambient internet of things deployment.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .SUMMARY
[0004] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support inventory procedures in ambient internet of things (AIoT) deployment. For example, a reader in the AIoT deployment may transmit a trigger message initiating an inventorying procedure for identifying wireless devices within a coverage range of the reader. In response to receiving the trigger message, each wireless device may transmit a waveform (e.g., via the backscatter or backward link) including an application layer identifier of the wireless device, which may uniquely identify the wireless device. The source device may transmit a message responsive to the waveform indicating the application layer identifier, and a layer one identifier (L1-ID) , where the layer one identifier may be used for subsequent communication between the reader and the wireless device. The inventory procedure may be a two-step procedure, or a four-step procedure.
[0005] A method for wireless communications by a wireless device is described. The method may include receiving, from a reader wireless device, a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device, transmitting, based on receiving the trigger message, a waveform including a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier of the wireless device, and receiving, from the reader wireless device based on transmitting the waveform, a feedback message including a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device.
[0006] A wireless device for wireless communications is described. The wireless device may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to receive, from a reader wireless device, a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device, transmit, based on receiving the trigger message, a waveform including a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier of the wireless device, and receive, from the reader wireless device based on transmitting the waveform, a feedback message including a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device.
[0007] Another wireless device for wireless communications is described. The wireless device may include means for receiving, from a reader wireless device, a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device, means for transmitting, based on receiving the trigger message, a waveform including a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier of the wireless device, and means for receiving, from the reader wireless device based on transmitting the waveform, a feedback message including a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device.
[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to receive, from a reader wireless device, a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device, transmit, based on receiving the trigger message, a waveform including a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier of the wireless device, and receive, from the reader wireless device based on transmitting the waveform, a feedback message including a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device.
[0009] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting a first inventory message including a random number, the inventory procedure including a four-step inventory procedure and receiving a second inventory message including the random number, where transmitting the waveform may be based on receiving the second inventory message, the waveform including a third message of the four-step inventory procedure and the feedback message including a fourth message of the four-step inventory procedure.
[0010] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting an indication of a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device and receiving, based on transmitting the tag identifier, a second feedback message including the layer one identifier and the tag identifier, where the sequence of bits includes a tag identifier.
[0011] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, via the waveform, a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device, where the sequence of bits includes a tag identifier and receiving, via the feedback message, the tag identifier or the application layer identifier.
[0012] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, via the trigger message, an indication that the inventory procedure may be a two-step procedure or a four-step procedure, an indication that the wireless device may be to include the application layer identifier including a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device, an indication that the wireless device may be to transmit small data information, or any combination thereof, where transmitting the waveform may be based on the trigger message.
[0013] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for generating a random number based on the application layer identifier, the sequence of bits including the random number, where the sequence of bits includes a first portion of a set of bits including the application layer identifier.
[0014] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first portion of the set of bits includes a set of multiple least significant bits of the application layer identifier, or a set of multiple most significant bits of the application layer identifier.
[0015] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first portion of the set of bits may be based on an offset value corresponding to the set of bits and includes one bit from each of a set of multiple subsets of the set of bits.
[0016] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for generating the random number based on an inventory occasion corresponding to the waveform.
[0017] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the reader wireless device, an indication of second portion of the set of bits based on receiving the feedback message.
[0018] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a quantity of bits in the first portion of the set of bits may be based on a quantity of the one or more wireless devices that may be within the coverage range of the reader wireless device.
[0019] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the reader wireless device via a first inventory occasion of a set of multiple inventory occasions, a first preamble associated with each of the one or more wireless devices and receiving a bitmap indicating successful receipt of the first preamble via the first inventory occasion, where transmitting the waveform may be based on receiving the bitmap.
[0020] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, via the waveform, a small data indicator including a status report indicating whether the wireless device supports small data transmission.
[0021] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for initiating a timer upon transmission of the waveform and monitoring for the feedback message for a duration of the timer.
[0022] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting a second waveform including the sequence of bits corresponding to the application layer identifier associated with the wireless device upon expiration of the timer based on monitoring for the feedback message and a failure to receive the feedback message during the timer, where receiving the feedback message may be based on transmitting the second waveform.
[0023] A method for wireless communications by a reader wireless device is described. The method may include transmitting, to a wireless device , a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device, receiving, based on transmitting the trigger message, a waveform including a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier associated with the wireless device, and transmitting, to the wireless device based on receiving the waveform, a feedback message including a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device.
[0024] A reader wireless device for wireless communications is described. The reader wireless device may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the reader wireless device to transmit, to a wireless device , a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device, receive, based on transmitting the trigger message, a waveform including a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier associated with the wireless device, and transmit, to the wireless device based on receiving the waveform, a feedback message including a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device.
[0025] Another reader wireless device for wireless communications is described. The reader wireless device may include means for transmitting, to a wireless device , a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device, means for receiving, based on transmitting the trigger message, a waveform including a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier associated with the wireless device, and means for transmitting, to the wireless device based on receiving the waveform, a feedback message including a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device.
[0026] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to transmit, to a wireless device , a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device, receive, based on transmitting the trigger message, a waveform including a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier associated with the wireless device, and transmit, to the wireless device based on receiving the waveform, a feedback message including a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device.
[0027] Some examples of the method, reader wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a first inventory message including a random number, the inventory procedure including a four-step inventory procedure and transmitting a second inventory message including the random number, where receiving the waveform may be based on transmitting the second inventory message, the waveform including a third message of the four-step inventory procedure and the feedback message including a fourth message of the four-step inventory procedure.
[0028] Some examples of the method, reader wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving an indication of a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device and transmitting based on receiving the tag identifier, a second feedback message including the layer one identifier and the tag identifier, where the sequence of bits includes a tag identifier.
[0029] Some examples of the method, reader wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, via the waveform, a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device, where the sequence of bits includes a tag identifier and transmitting, via the feedback message, the tag identifier or the application layer identifier.
[0030] Some examples of the method, reader wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, via the trigger message, an indication that the inventory procedure may be a two-step procedure or a four-step procedure, an indication that the wireless device may be to include the application layer identifier including a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device, an indication that the wireless device may be to transmit small data information, or any combination thereof, where receiving the waveform may be based on the trigger message.
[0031] In some examples of the method, reader wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the sequence of bits including a random number and the sequence of bits includes a first portion of a set of bits including the application layer identifier.
[0032] In some examples of the method, reader wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first portion of the set of bits includes a set of multiple least significant bits of the application layer identifier, or a set of multiple most significant bits of the application layer identifier.
[0033] In some examples of the method, reader wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first portion of the set of bits may be based on an offset value corresponding to the set of bits and includes one bit from each of a set of multiple subsets of the set of bits.
[0034] In some examples of the method, reader wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the random number may be based on an inventory occasion corresponding to the waveform.
[0035] Some examples of the method, reader wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the wireless device, an indication of second portion of the set of bits based on receiving the feedback message.
[0036] In some examples of the method, reader wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a quantity of bits in the first portion of the set of bits may be based on a quantity of the one or more wireless devices that may be within the coverage range of the reader wireless device.
[0037] Some examples of the method, reader wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the wireless device via a first inventory occasion of a set of multiple inventory occasions, a first preamble associated with each of the one or more wireless devices and transmitting a bitmap indicating successful receipt of the first preamble via the first inventory occasion, where transmitting the waveform may be based on receiving the bitmap.
[0038] Some examples of the method, reader wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, via the waveform, a small data indicator including a status report indicating whether the wireless device supports small data transmission.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0039] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports inventory procedures in ambient internet of things (AIoT) deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0040] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0041] FIG. 3 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0042] FIG. 4 shows an example of a timeline that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0043] FIG. 5 shows an example of a process flow that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0044] FIG. 6 shows an example of a process flow that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0045] FIG. 7 shows an example of an inventory procedure scheme that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0046] FIG. 8 shows an example of an inventory procedure scheme that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0047] FIG. 9 shows an example of a timeline that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0048] FIG. 10 shows an example of an inventory procedure scheme that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0049] FIG. 11 shows an example of a timeline that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0050] FIGs. 12 and 13 show block diagrams of devices that support inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0051] FIG. 14 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0052] FIG. 15 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0053] FIGs. 16 and 17 show block diagrams of devices that support inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0054] FIG. 18 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0055] FIG. 19 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0056] FIGs. 20 through 23 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0057] Various aspects relate generally to wireless communication and more particularly to inventory procedures in an ambient internet of things (AIoT) deployment. In some examples, AIoT deployments may include various devices (e.g., active devices, passive devices, semi-active devices, tags, etc. ) , which may be capable of energy harvesting. For instance, a radio frequency (RF) reader (e.g., which may or may not also be a source device in the AIoT deployment) may communicate with one or more passive devices (e.g., tags) . In some examples, a reader device may be a network entity, a UE serving as a relay, or any other device. A wireless device (e.g., such as a tag) may harvest energy, store energy, or both, for transmitting (e.g., via a backscatter link, which may be referred to as a backward link) to the source device. The reader device may initiate inventory procedures, identifying a quantity of tags, or identify the presence of various tags, served by the source device (e.g., in a storage scenario or other deployments where tags are associated with inventory or other services) . However, some registration or random access (e.g., random access channel (RACH) procedures) may not be viable options in topologies that include tags, because tags may not be able to generate orthogonal RACH preambles (e.g., instead relying on various waveforms, such as an on-off keying (OOK) waveform, for forward link and backscatter link communications) . Some wireless systems or current techniques may not support any techniques for inventorying tags in an AIoT deployment.
[0058] As described herein, a reader device may transmit a trigger message initiating an inventorying procedure for identifying tags within a coverage range of the reader device. In response to receiving the trigger message, each tag may transmit a waveform (e.g., via the backscatter or backward link) including an application layer identifier of the tag, which may uniquely identify the tag. The source device may transmit a message responsive to the waveform indicating the application layer identifier, and a layer one identifier (L1-ID) , where the layer one identifier may be used for subsequent communication between the reader and the tag. The inventory procedure may be a two-step procedure, including the waveform and the responsive message. In some examples, the inventory procedure may be a four-step procedure, in which case a first message may include a random number or a portion of a random number, the random number may be repeated in a second feedback message, a third inventory message may include the application layer identifier or another portion of the application layer identifier (e.g., an electronic product code (EPC) or EPC-generated random number) , and a fourth inventory message may include the application layer identifier and the layer one identifier. In some examples, the random number may be generated based on or as a portion of the EPC, or may include most significant or least significant bits of the EPC. In some examples, the tag may transmit a preamble (a portion of the EPC) in the first message, and a remainder of the EPC in the third message of the four-step procedure. In some examples, the third message (or first message of a two-step procedure) may include a reduced version of the application layer identifier (e.g., one bit in every Z bits) . In some examples, the random number may be generated based on an inventory occasion (e.g., the resources via which the first inventory message is transmitted) . In some examples, the tag may initiate a timer upon transmission of the waveform, and if the no response is received upon expiration of the timer, the tag may retransmit the waveform. In some examples, the tag may apply one or more procedures to maintain or resume the timer after repowering up after a power off period.
[0059] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to wireless communications systems, timelines, inventory procedure schemes, and process flows. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to inventory procedures in AIoT deployment.
[0060] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0061] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0062] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 or network entities 105, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0063] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0064] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a backhaul communication link 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via a core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication links 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) , one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0065] One or more of the network entities 105 described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or a giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0066] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 105, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0067] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170, and the one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170 may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165, or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to one or more RUs 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 105 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0068] In wireless communications systems (e.g., wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. One or more DUs 165 or one or more RUs 170 may be partially controlled by one or more CUs 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (e.g., a donor base station 140) . The one or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication links 120) . IAB nodes 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by DUs 165 of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may include an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115, or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of an IAB node 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB nodes 104 may include DUs 165 that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB nodes 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of IAB nodes 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0069] For instance, an access network (AN) or RAN may include communications between access nodes (e.g., an IAB donor) , IAB nodes 104, and one or more UEs 115. The IAB donor may facilitate connection between the core network 130 and the AN (e.g., via a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130) . That is, an IAB donor may refer to a RAN node with a wired or wireless connection to core network 130. The IAB donor may include a CU 160 and at least one DU 165 (e.g., and RU 170) , in which case the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface (e.g., a backhaul link) . IAB donor and IAB nodes 104 may communicate via an F1 interface according to a protocol that defines signaling messages (e.g., an F1 AP protocol) . Additionally, or alternatively, the CU 160 may communicate with the core network via an interface, which may be an example of a portion of backhaul link, and may communicate with other CUs 160 (e.g., a CU 160 associated with an alternative IAB donor) via an Xn-C interface, which may be an example of a portion of a backhaul link.
[0070] An IAB node 104 may refer to a RAN node that provides IAB functionality (e.g., access for UEs 115, wireless self-backhauling capabilities) . A DU 165 may act as a distributed scheduling node towards child nodes associated with the IAB node 104, and the IAB-MT may act as a scheduled node towards parent nodes associated with the IAB node 104. That is, an IAB donor may be referred to as a parent node in communication with one or more child nodes (e.g., an IAB donor may relay transmissions for UEs through one or more other IAB nodes 104) . Additionally, or alternatively, an IAB node 104 may also be referred to as a parent node or a child node to other IAB nodes 104, depending on the relay chain or configuration of the AN. Therefore, the IAB-MT entity of IAB nodes 104 may provide a Uu interface for a child IAB node 104 to receive signaling from a parent IAB node 104, and the DU interface (e.g., DUs 165) may provide a Uu interface for a parent IAB node 104 to signal to a child IAB node 104 or UE 115.
[0071] For example, IAB node 104 may be referred to as a parent node that supports communications for a child IAB node, or referred to as a child IAB node associated with an IAB donor, or both. The IAB donor may include a CU 160 with a wired or wireless connection (e.g., a backhaul communication link 120) to the core network 130 and may act as parent node to IAB nodes 104. For example, the DU 165 of IAB donor may relay transmissions to UEs 115 through IAB nodes 104, or may directly signal transmissions to a UE 115, or both. The CU 160 of IAB donor may signal communication link establishment via an F1 interface to IAB nodes 104, and the IAB nodes 104 may schedule transmissions (e.g., transmissions to the UEs 115 relayed from the IAB donor) through the DUs 165. That is, data may be relayed to and from IAB nodes 104 via signaling via an NR Uu interface to MT of the IAB node 104. Communications with IAB node 104 may be scheduled by a DU 165 of IAB donor and communications with IAB node 104 may be scheduled by DU 165 of IAB node 104.
[0072] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support inventory procedures in AIoT deployment as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., IAB nodes 104, DUs 165, CUs 160, RUs 170, RIC 175, SMO 180) .
[0073] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, or vehicles, meters, among other examples.
[0074] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 that may sometimes act as relays as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0075] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., an access link) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting the communication links 125. For example, a carrier used for a communication link 125 may include a portion of a RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105) .
[0076] In some examples, such as in a carrier aggregation configuration, a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates operations for other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute RF channel number (EARFCN) ) and may be identified according to a channel raster for discovery by the UEs 115. A carrier may be operated in a standalone mode, in which case initial acquisition and connection may be conducted by the UEs 115 via the carrier, or the carrier may be operated in a non-standalone mode, in which case a connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., of the same or a different radio access technology) .
[0077] The communication links 125 shown in the wireless communications system 100 may include downlink transmissions (e.g., forward link transmissions) from a network entity 105 to a UE 115, uplink transmissions (e.g., return link transmissions) from a UE 115 to a network entity 105, or both, among other configurations of transmissions. Carriers may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in an FDD mode) or may be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode) .
[0078] A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the RF spectrum and, in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a “system bandwidth” of the carrier or the wireless communications system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a set of bandwidths for carriers of a particular radio access technology (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 megahertz (MHz) ) . Devices of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., the network entities 105, the UEs 115, or both) may have hardware configurations that support communications using a particular carrier bandwidth or may be configurable to support communications using one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may include network entities 105 or UEs 115 that support concurrent communications using carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured for operating using portions (e.g., a sub-band, a BWP) or all of a carrier bandwidth.
[0079] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0080] One or more numerologies for a carrier may be supported, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing (Δf) and a cyclic prefix. A carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs having the same or different numerologies. In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP for a carrier may be active at a given time and communications for the UE 115 may be restricted to one or more active BWPs.
[0081] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (Δfmax·Nf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0082] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0083] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0084] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to multiple UEs 115 and UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a specific UE 115.
[0085] A network entity 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells, for example a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof. The term “cell” may refer to a logical communication entity used for communication with a network entity 105 (e.g., using a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID) , a virtual cell identifier (VCID) , or others) . In some examples, a cell also may refer to a coverage area 110 or a portion of a coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over which the logical communication entity operates. Such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., a structure, a subset of structure) to larger areas depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the network entity 105. For example, a cell may be or include a building, a subset of a building, or exterior spaces between or overlapping with coverage areas 110, among other examples.
[0086] A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by the UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider supporting the macro cell. A small cell may be associated with a lower-powered network entity 105 (e.g., a lower-powered base station 140) , as compared with a macro cell, and a small cell may operate using the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may provide unrestricted access to the UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider or may provide restricted access to the UEs 115 having an association with the small cell (e.g., the UEs 115 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) , the UEs 115 associated with users in a home or office) . A network entity 105 may support one or multiple cells and may also support communications via the one or more cells using one or multiple component carriers.
[0087] In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) , enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) ) that may provide access for different types of devices.
[0088] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, the overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 provide coverage for various coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.
[0089] The wireless communications system 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) may have similar frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities 105 may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, network entities 105 may have different frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities 105 may, in some examples, not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations.
[0090] Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low cost or low complexity devices and may provide for automated communication between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication) . M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application program that uses the information or presents the information to humans interacting with the application program. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging.
[0091] Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ operating modes that reduce power consumption, such as half-duplex communications (e.g., a mode that supports one-way communication via transmission or reception, but not transmission and reception concurrently) . In some examples, half-duplex communications may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power conservation techniques for the UEs 115 include entering a power saving deep sleep mode when not engaging in active communications, operating using a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communications) , or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs 115 may be configured for operation using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs) ) within a carrier, within a guard-band of a carrier, or outside of a carrier.
[0092] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0093] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs 115 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0094] In some systems, a D2D communication link 135 may be an example of a communication channel, such as a sidelink communication channel, between vehicles (e.g., UEs 115) . In some examples, vehicles may communicate using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, or some combination of these. A vehicle may signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergencies, or any other information relevant to a V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in a V2X system may communicate with roadside infrastructure, such as roadside units, or with the network via one or more network nodes (e.g., network entities 105, base stations 140, RUs 170) using vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications, or with both.
[0095] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0096] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0097] The wireless communications system 100 may also operate using a super high frequency (SHF) region, which may be in the range of 3 GHz to 30 GHz, also known as the centimeter band, or using an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz) , also known as the millimeter band. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between the UEs 115 and the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RUs 170) , and EHF antennas of the respective devices may be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, such techniques may facilitate using antenna arrays within a device. The propagation of EHF transmissions, however, may be subject to even greater attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions, and designated use of bands across these frequency regions may differ by country or regulating body.
[0098] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0099] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0100] The network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may use MIMO communications to exploit multipath signal propagation and increase spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Likewise, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords) . Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.
[0101] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0102] A network entity 105 or a UE 115 may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beamforming operations. For example, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a network entity 105 multiple times along different directions. For example, the network entity 105 may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as a network entity 105, or by a receiving device, such as a UE 115) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the network entity 105.
[0103] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by transmitting device (e.g., a transmitting network entity 105, a transmitting UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as a receiving network entity 105 or a receiving UE 115) . In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on a signal that was transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, a UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the network entity 105 along different directions and may report to the network entity 105 an indication of the signal that the UE 115 received with a highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality.
[0104] In some examples, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a network entity 105 or a UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a network entity 105 to a UE 115) . The UE 115 may report feedback that indicates precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured set of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. The network entity 105 may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) ) , which may be precoded or unprecoded. The UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook) . Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted along one or more directions by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , a UE 115 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 115) or for transmitting a signal along a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device) .
[0105] A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115) may perform reception operations in accordance with multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals from a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105) , such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may perform reception in accordance with multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, a receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal) . The single receive configuration may be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) , or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions) .
[0106] The wireless communications system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP-based. An RLC layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate via logical channels. A MAC layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer also may implement error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, an RRC layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a network entity 105 or a core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. A PHY layer may map transport channels to physical channels.
[0107] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may support retransmissions of data to increase the likelihood that data is received successfully. Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback is one technique for increasing the likelihood that data is received correctly via a communication link (e.g., a communication link 125, a D2D communication link 135) . HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) ) , forward error correction (FEC) , and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ) ) . HARQ may improve throughput at the MAC layer in poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise conditions) . In some examples, a device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, in which case the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific slot for data received via a previous symbol in the slot. In some other examples, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent slot, or according to some other time interval.
[0108] As described herein, a reader device may transmit a trigger message initiating an inventorying procedure for identifying tags within a coverage range of the reader device. In response to receiving the trigger message, each tag may transmit a waveform (e.g., via the backscatter or backward link) including an application layer identifier of the tag, which may uniquely identify the tag. The source device may transmit a message responsive to the waveform indicating the application layer identifier, and an L1-ID, where the layer one identifier may be used for subsequent communication between the reader and the tag. The inventory procedure may be a two-step procedure, including the waveform and the responsive message. In some examples, the inventory procedure may be a four-step procedure, in which case a first message may include a random number or a portion of a random number, the random number may be repeated in a second feedback message, a third inventory message may include the application layer identifier or another portion of the application layer identifier (e.g., an EPC, tag identifier, or EPC-generated random number) , and a fourth inventory message may include the application layer identifier and the layer one identifier. In some examples, the random number may be generated based on or as a portion of the EPC, or may include most significant or least significant bits of the EPC. In some examples, the tag may transmit a preamble (a portion of the EPC) in the first message, and a remainder of the EPC in the third message of the four-step procedure. In some examples, the third message (or first message of a two-step procedure) may include a reduced version of the application layer identifier (e.g., one bit in every Z bits) . In some examples, the random number may be generated based on an inventory occasion (e.g., the resources via which the first inventory message is transmitted) . In some examples, the tag may initiate a timer upon transmission of the waveform, and if the no response is received upon expiration of the timer, the tag may retransmit the waveform. In some examples, the tag may apply one or more procedures to maintain or resume the timer after repowering up after a power off period.
[0109] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Aspects of the wireless communications system 200 may implement, or be implemented by, aspects of wireless communications system 100 as described herein with reference to FIG. 1. The techniques described in the context of the wireless communications system 200 may enable a reader device 205, a wireless device 210 (e.g., AIoT device) , or both to manage backscatter link failures. In some examples, the reader device 205 may be referred to as an RFID integrator, which can communicate with the wireless device 210, .
[0110] The wireless communications system 200 may include the wireless device 210, which may be an example of an AIoT device. AIoT technology (e.g., which may be referred to as passive IoT) , may involve ultra-low complexity and ultra-low power devices, such that AIoT devices may have a lower complexity and a lower power consumption relative to eMTC devices and NB-IoT devices. In some examples, the wireless device 210 (e.g., AIoT device) may be an active device, a passive device, a semi-passive device, or a tag, a type A device, or may be referred to as a type B device, among other examples. The wireless device 210 may not include a battery or have energy storage capabilities. In this way, the wireless device 210 may be dependent on the availability of an external source of energy. That is, the wireless device 210 may use energy from an external source in order to power and function. In some examples, the wireless device 210 may be an example of a type B device, and may be equipped with limited energy storage (e.g., in the form of a capacitor or super capacitor) that may not be replaced or recharged manually. In such cases, the type B devices may use and store (e.g., harvest) energy from an external source to power and function.
[0111] As described herein, the wireless device 210 (e.g., AIoT device, an RFID tag, BUE, or PUE) may be a passive device and may not be equipped with active RF components. As such, the wireless device 210 may perform data transmissions based on modulating a continuous waveform 220 (e.g., an incident RF signal or ambient RF signal) emitted by a source device 215 (e.g., an ambient transmitter or RF source, such as a UE, a network entity, or both) . In some examples, the source device 215 may be a distinct device from the reader device. In some examples, a single device may perform the operations of the source device 215 and the reader device 205. The continuous waveform 220 may serve as both a signal source for backscattering and an energy source for harvesting (e.g., storing) energy. RFID communication may be one example of AIoT communications using battery-less technology. However, such RFID communications may have a limited read range (e.g., a few meters) relative to other IoT devices that use active backscattering, which presents challenges in supporting large-scale deployment of RFID tags and providing the coverage of the RFID tags.
[0112] The wireless device 210 may be used in a variety of deployment scenarios, such as a monostatic deployment scenario, a bi-static deployment scenario, or both. In the monostatic deployment scenario, the wireless device 210 may communicate with a wireless device (e.g., a network entity 105 or a UE 115) that supports full duplex operations, where the wireless device may act as both the reader and the RF source for the wireless device 210. In some examples of a monostatic deployment scenario, a single device may include the source device 215 and the reader device 205 (e.g., a wireless device may be both a RF source device and a reader device) .
[0113] For example, in the monostatic deployment scenario, the wireless device may transmit the continuous waveform 220 to the wireless device 210, where the continuous waveform 220 may serve as both an energy source and carrier signal for a backscatter communications. Further, in the monostatic deployment, the wireless device may also transmit a forward link message 225, where the forward link message 225 may include control information, such as an indication (e.g., trigger) for the wireless device to transmit a backscattered signal 230 of the continuous waveform 220. The forward link message 225 may include forward link information, such as commands, data, feedback signaling (e.g., ACK or NACK signaling) , or the like. In response to receiving the continuous waveform 220 and the forward link message 225 from the wireless device, the wireless device 210 may transmit, using energy from the continuous waveform 220, to transmit the backscattered signal 230, where the backscattered signal 230 may include enrichment data (e.g., sensor information, an identifier (ID) of the wireless device 210, or capability information of the wireless device 210) from the wireless device 210. In such cases, the wireless device may simultaneously transmit the continuous waveform 220 and receive the backscattered signal 230 in accordance with the full duplex operation.
[0114] In the bi-static deployment scenario, the source device 215 may be a distinct device from the reader device 205. In some examples, the source device 215 may transmit modulated signals and unmodulated signals (e.g., continuous waveforms 220) and the wireless device 210 (e.g., a tag) may reflect (e.g., or actively transmit) modulated signals (e.g., to the reader device 205) . The wireless device 210 may receive the continuous waveform 220 from the source device 215 and transmit the backscattered signal 230 to the reader device 205, where the reader device 205 may operate in accordance with a half-duplex mode. In such deployment scenarios, the source device 215 and the reader device 205 may be separate devices, where the source device 215 may be a UE or a network entity and the reader device 205 may be a UE or a network entity.
[0115] In one example of the bi-static deployment scenario, the source device 215 may transmit both the continuous waveform 220 and a forward link message 225-atriggering the wireless device 210 to transmit the backscattered signal 230 of the continuous waveform 220. In such examples, the reader device 205 may receive the backscattered signal 230 and obtain the enrichment data.
[0116] In another example of the bi-static deployment scenario, the source device 215 may transmit the continuous waveform 220, while the reader device 205 transmits a forward link message 225-b triggering the wireless device 210 to transmit the backscattered signal 230 of the continuous waveform 220. In such examples, after transmitting the forward link message 225-b, the reader device 205 may monitor for, and receive, the backscattered signal 230 and obtain the enrichment data. In both examples of the bi-static deployment scenario, the reader device 205 may indicate, to the source device 215, the enrichment data via a Uu link.
[0117] To facilitate such backscattering communications, the wireless device 210 may be equipped with an antenna 275, an energy harvesting component 235, and a set of one or more impedances 245. In backscattering communications, the wireless device 210 may perform information transmission using antenna modulation, which may not involve active RF generation. For example, the wireless device 210 (e.g., via a microcontroller) , may tune a reflection coefficient of the antenna 275 by switching over the set of impedances 245, resulting in a varying amount of incident signal to be backscattered. The wireless device 210 may modulate the continuous waveform 220 with data using a variety of modulation schemes, such as amplitude shift keying (ASK) , on-off keying (OOK) , frequency shift keying (FSK) , phase shift keying (PSK) , or binary PSK (BPSK) .
[0118] As an illustrative example, when using BPSK modulation, the wireless device 210 may switch the value of the load impedance 245 between a first impedance 245 (e.g., Z1 or a relatively high impedance) and another impedance 245 (e.g., ZN or a relatively matched load) . In the case of the first impedance 245 (e.g., relatively high impedance) , the mismatch between the antenna 275 and the load impedance 245 may reflect all of the power back to the reader device 205, while in the case of another impedance (e.g., matched load) , most of the power from the continuous waveform 220 may be absorbed and relatively little power is reflected to the reader device 205. In such examples, the wireless device 210 may switch the impedances 245 according to the data rate of the backscattered signal 230. That is, the impedance switching frequency may be based on the data rate of the backscattered signal 230. In this way, the wireless device 210 may modulate the continuous waveform 220 with enrichment data using BPSK modulation.
[0119] Further, the wireless device 210 may absorb and harvest the power from the continuous waveform 220 using the energy harvesting component 235 and transmit the enrichment data via the backscattered signal 230 to the reader device 205 using the remaining power of the continuous waveform 220. That is, the wireless device 210 may store a portion of the energy from the continuous waveform 220 and use the remaining portion of the energy to transmit the backscattered signal 230.
[0120] As described herein, a reader device 205 may transmit a trigger message initiating an inventorying procedure for identifying wireless devices 210 within a coverage range of the reader device 205. In response to receiving the trigger message, each wireless device 210 may transmit a waveform (e.g., via the backscatter or backward link) including an application layer identifier of the wireless device 210, which may uniquely identify the wireless device 210. The source device may transmit a message responsive to the waveform indicating the application layer identifier, and an L1-ID, where the layer one identifier may be used for subsequent communication between the reader device 205 and the wireless device 210. The inventory procedure may be a two-step procedure, including the waveform and the responsive message. In some examples, the inventory procedure may be a four-step procedure, in which case a first message may include a random number or a portion of a random number, the random number may be repeated in a second feedback message, a third inventory message may include the application layer identifier or another portion of the application layer identifier (e.g., an EPC, tag identifier, or EPC-generated random number) , and a fourth inventory message may include the application layer identifier and the layer one identifier. In some examples, the random number may be generated based on or as a portion of the EPC, or may include most significant or least significant bits of the EPC. In some examples, the wireless device 210 may transmit a preamble (a portion of the EPC) in the first message, and a remainder of the EPC in the third message of the four-step procedure. In some examples, the third message (or first message of a two-step procedure) may include a reduced version of the application layer identifier (e.g., one bit in every Z bits) . In some examples, the random number may be generated based on an inventory occasion (e.g., the resources via which the first inventory message is transmitted) . In some examples, the wireless device 210 may initiate a timer upon transmission of the waveform, and if the no response is received upon expiration of the timer, the wireless device 210 may retransmit the waveform. In some examples, the wireless device 210 may apply one or more procedures to maintain or resume the timer after repowering up after a power off period.
[0121] FIG. 3 shows an example of a wireless communications system 300 that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 300 may implement aspects of, or be implemented by aspects of, the wireless communications system 100 and the wireless communications system 200. For example, the wireless communications system 300 a may include a reader 305 (e.g., which may be an example of a reader device 205) , and a tag 310 (e.g., which may be an example of the wireless device 210) . In some examples, the reader 305 may be a single device that operates as both a source device (e.g., the source device 215) and a reader device (e.g., the reader device 205) in a monostatic deployment scenario.
[0122] The reader 305 and the tag 310 may communicate with each other in an AIoT deployment. As described herein, each tag may be attached to a unique identifier (e.g., a ninety six bit EPC identifier) . In some examples, the identifier may be defined at the application layer of the tag, and may define the item (e.g., a banana) to which the tag is associated or attached. In some examples, the identifier may be a unique identifier locked by a vendor corresponding to the tag (e.g., a 36 bit or 48 bit identifier) . In some examples, the identifier may be an initial product identifier. The identifier (e.g., a tag identifier, EPC identifier, product identifier, etc. ) may be allocated by the network (e.g., after tag registration at the network) or locked by the tag vendor. The tag 310 may be associated with a layer 1 identifier (L1-ID) , which may be unique within the reader coverage (e.g., a 16 bit identifier, such as a temporary identifier or cell identifier assigned by the reader) . In some examples, the tag 310 may be associated with or assigned a tag group identifier, with some identification information corresponding to a group of tags, a group of UEs, or the like) . In some examples, the tag identifier may support mobility of the various tags. In some examples, one purpose of the inventory procedures described herein may be to read (e.g., identify) one or more identifiers, such as the EPC ID.
[0123] The reader 305 may include one or more components, such as a transmitter 315, a baseband processor 320, a carrier canceller 325, a receiver 330, and one or more antennas, such as a transmit antenna 335 and a receive antenna 340. In some examples, the transmitter 315 may generate signaling for transmission to the tag 310 via the transmit antenna 335. The transmitter may provide an input to the leaking carrier canceller 325. In some examples, the baseband processor 320 may provide an input for the transmitter 315, based on which the reader 305 may transmit via the transmit antenna 335. In some examples, the receiver 330 may receive backscatter signaling from the tag 310 via the receive antenna 340. The reader 305 may receive the backscatter signaling using the receiver 330 and based on an output from the leaking carrier canceller 325. In some examples, the reader 305 may receive and decode the backscatter signaling from the tag 310 according to the baseband processor 320 based on input from the receiver 330.
[0124] The reader 305 may transmit a continuous wave 345 via a forward link. The continuous wave 345 may power up the tag 310 (e.g., may provide a carrier wave for the tag 310) . For example, the tag 310 may include an antenna 380, and may utilize absorbed power 360 to generate a modulated wave response 355 (e.g., as described in greater detail with reference to FIG. 2) . The continuous wave 345 may provide power to be harvested, stored, or both, by the tag 310. In some examples, the tag 310 may include one or more components, including a power rectifier, forward-link demodulation component, logic, and one or more memories. The reader 305 may also transmit signaling 350, which may be modulated or unmodulated waves (e.g., including one or more commands, or packets) . The signaling 350 may be ASK modulated, in some examples.
[0125] The tag 310 may utilize the absorbed power 360 (e.g., from the continuous wave 345, the signaling 350, or both) to generate and transmit a response 355 (e.g., via a backscatter link, which may be referred to as a reverse link) . The response 355 may be a modulated wave (e.g., ASK, FSK, PSK, etc. ) . For instance, the tag 310 may utilize reflected power 375 to generate and transmit the response 355, and may modulate the response 355 (e.g., backscatter signaling) using one or more impedances (e.g., as described in greater detail with reference to FIG. 2) .
[0126] AIoT deployments may support various topologies. For example, a network entity 105 may communicate directly with a tag 310 (e.g., the network entity 105 may be a reader 305 and / or a source device) . In some examples, a network entity 105 may communicate with a UE 115, which may act as a relay device between the network entity 105 and a tag 310. The tag may support energy harvesting and energy storage, or only energy harvesting. The tag 310 may support a simple structure, which may include an envelope detector, carrier wave form reader, etc. ) . In some examples (e.g., if the tag 310 supports transmission of responses 355) , the backscatter link may be referred to as a backward link. Backward link (e.g., or backscatter link) signaling may include feedback signaling (e.g., ACK or NACK signaling) , an indication of the tag itself, new data to be transmitted or backscattered, or the like.
[0127] In some wireless communications systems, devices (e.g., active devices, such as UEs 115) may perform multi-step procedures, such as random access procedures, to establish a connection or register with another wireless device (e.g., such as a network entity) . However, a tag 310 (e.g., or other AIoT devices) may not be able to perform such random access procedures because the tag 310 may not be able to generate orthogonal random access channel (RACH) preambles (e.g., for a first message of a two-step or four-step random access procedure) . For instance, as described herein, a wireless device (e.g., a passive device, a tag, among other examples) may support waveforms such as OOK waveforms.
[0128] Techniques described herein may support inventory procedures (e.g., such as the inventory procedure described with reference to FIG. 3) where the tag 310 and the reader 305 exchange message (e.g., two inventory messages in a two-step inventory procedure or four inventory messages in a four-step inventory procedure) with relatively simple protocol and low signaling overhead that can be supported by tag ability and low spectrum efficiency of an AIoT deployment. Such techniques may further support use of an identifier (e.g., an EPC identifier which may be read and utilized by the tag) during the inventor procedure, discontinuous energy expenditure in a TDD system, and reading of small data transmissions during the inventory procedure.
[0129] As described herein, a reader 305 may transmit a trigger message initiating an inventorying procedure for identifying tags 310 within a coverage range of the reader 305. In response to receiving the trigger message, each tag 310 may transmit a waveform (e.g., via the backscatter or backward link) including an application layer identifier of the tag 310, which may uniquely identify the tag 310. The source device may transmit a message responsive to the waveform indicating the application layer identifier, and an L1-ID, where the layer one identifier may be used for subsequent communication between the reader 305 and the tag 310. The inventory procedure may be a two-step procedure, including the waveform and the responsive message. In some examples, the inventory procedure may be a four-step procedure, in which case a first message may include a random number or a portion of a random number, the random number may be repeated in a second feedback message, a third inventory message may include the application layer identifier or another portion of the application layer identifier (e.g., an EPC, tag identifier, or EPC-generated random number) , and a fourth inventory message may include the application layer identifier and the layer one identifier. In some examples, the random number may be generated based on or as a portion of the EPC, or may include most significant or least significant bits of the EPC. In some examples, the tag 310 may transmit a preamble (a portion of the EPC) in the first message, and a remainder of the EPC in the third message of the four-step procedure. In some examples, the third message (or first message of a two-step procedure) may include a reduced version of the application layer identifier (e.g., one bit in every Z bits) . In some examples, the random number may be generated based on an inventory occasion (e.g., the resources via which the first inventory message is transmitted) . In some examples, the tag 310 may initiate a timer upon transmission of the waveform, and if the no response is received upon expiration of the timer, the tag 310 may retransmit the waveform. In some examples, the tag 310 may apply one or more procedures to maintain or resume the timer after repowering up after a power off period.
[0130] FIG. 4 shows an example of a timeline 400 that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Timeline 400 may implement aspects of, or be implemented by aspects of, the wireless communications system 100, the wireless communications system 200, and the wireless communications system 300. For example, a reader and a wireless device (e.g., such as a tag) , which may be examples of corresponding devices described with reference to FIGs. 1-3, may perform an inventory procedure according to the timeline 400.
[0131] A reader (e.g., a network entity 105 operating as a source device and / or a reader device) may perform an inventory procedure to determine or monitor how many new tags are in a coverage area. The reader (e.g., and one or more tags) may perform the inventory procedure every trigger period 405. Each trigger period 405 may include multiple rounds 410 of the inventory procedure. During each round 410, the reader may trigger transmission of an first message of a two-step or four-step inventory procedure (e.g., as described in greater detail with reference to FIGs. 5-10) . The inventory procedure may be applied to determine a current total quantity of tags within a coverage area. For instance, in a warehouse or sales floor AIoT deployment, the inventory procedure may determine a quantity of items (e.g., for storage in the warehouse or for sale on the sales item) are remaining. For instance, in a supermarket, the inventory procedure (e.g., occurring every ten minutes) may determine a quantity of an item (e.g., a particular kind of fruit, each piece of fruit including a tag) remaining in a given display. The inventory procedure may allow a system to determine when to restock the item, track rates of sales, determine when to purchase additional items, etc. The reader and the one or more tags may communicate various messages of an inventory procedure via forward link resources and backward link resources. In some examples, the different messages may not be adjacent in the time domain.
[0132] During each round 410 of the inventory procedure, the reader may transmit a trigger message 415. For instance, during the round 410-a, the reader may transmit the reader message 415-a, which may trigger the inventory procedure (e.g., a four-step inventory procedure including an inventory message 1, inventory message 2, inventory message 3, and inventory message 4, as described in greater detail with reference to FIG. 6) . The reader may transmit the trigger message 415-a via forward link resources (e.g., a forward link slot 425) . The trigger message 415-a may trigger any tags that receive the trigger message 415-a to transmit a message 1 of a four-step inventory procedure (e.g., or message 1 of a two-step inventory procedure) via one or more inventory occasions (IOs) 420. The trigger message 415-a of the first round 410-a may trigger a default quantity of IOs 420 (e.g., 4 IOs 420) . Receiving tags may transmit message 1 via an IO 420 of the default set of IOs 420 (e.g., four IOs 420, such as the IO 420-a, the IO 420-b, the IO 420-c, and the IO 420-d) . Some IOs 420 may not be utilized (e.g., the IO 420-a may be empty) , and some tags may transmit via the same IO 420 (e.g., a collision may occur via the IO 420-c) . For example, during backward link resources (e.g., the backward link slot 430) , two tags may transmit an inventory message 1 via two IOs 420. For example, a first tag may transmit an inventory message 1 via the IO 420-b and a second tag may transmit an inventory message 1 via the IO 420-d.
[0133] Subsequent to the slot 430and during the first round 410-a, the reader may transmit a message 2 via the forward link. In response to the message 2, the two tags that transmitted message 1 via the IO 420-b and the IO 420-d, respectively may transmit message 3 (e.g., via the backward link) . In response to the message 3, the reader may transmit the message 4 via the forward link. Thus, two tags (e.g., of 4 tags) may successfully complete the inventory procedure during the first round 410-a.
[0134] Tags that do not successfully complete the inventory procedure during the first round 410-a may perform the inventory procedure during an additional round 410 (e.g., the second round 410-b) . For example, two tags that attempted to transmit message one during the IO 420-c during the round 410-a may receive the trigger message 415-b during the round 410-b and may attempt to transmit the inventory message 1 via an IO 420 corresponding to the trigger message 415-b (e.g., via the IO 420-e and the IO 420-f) . In some examples, each round 410 may include a different quantity of IOs 420 (e.g., may include half of the default quantity of IOs 420 triggered by the first trigger message 415-a) . For instance, the second trigger message 415-b may correspond to two IOs 420 (e.g., the IO 420-e and the IO 420-f) . The first tag that attempted to transmit the inventory message 1 via the IO 420-c may transmit the inventory message 1 via the IO 420-e, and the second tag that attempted to transmit the inventory message 1 via the IO 420-c may transmit the inventory message 1 via the IO 420-f. In some examples, the reader and the tag may exchange message 2, message 3, and message 4 of the inventory procedure (e.g., similar to the procedure described with reference to the first round 410-a) .
[0135] During one or more subsequent rounds (e.g., the third round 410-c) , the reader may transmit another trigger message (e.g., the trigger message 415-c) . The trigger message 415-c may correspond to a smaller quantity of IOs 420 than previous rounds 410 (e.g., one IO 420-g, which may be half of the quantity of IOs 420 in the previous round 410-b) . In some examples (e.g., if all tags within a coverage area have successfully completed the inventory procedure during round 410-a and round 410-b) no tags may transmit via the one empty IO 420-g of the round 410-c, and the reader may not transmit a message 2 based on the empty IO 420-g. In some examples, the quantity of IOs 420 in any given round 410 may be based on a default quantity (e.g., four IOs 420) , may be based on a quantity of used IOs 420 in a previous round 410 or trigger period 405, may be configured by the reader or another network device, or any combination thereof.
[0136] As described herein, a reader may transmit a trigger message initiating an inventorying procedure for identifying wireless devices within a coverage range of the reader. In response to receiving the trigger message, each wireless device may transmit a waveform (e.g., via the backscatter or backward link) including an application layer identifier of the wireless device, which may uniquely identify the wireless device. The source device may transmit a message responsive to the waveform indicating the application layer identifier, and an L1-ID, where the layer one identifier may be used for subsequent communication between the reader and the wireless device. The inventory procedure may be a two-step procedure, including the waveform and the responsive message. In some examples, the inventory procedure may be a four-step procedure, in which case a first message may include a random number or a portion of a random number, the random number may be repeated in a second feedback message, a third inventory message may include the application layer identifier or another portion of the application layer identifier (e.g., an EPC, tag identifier, or EPC-generated random number) , and a fourth inventory message may include the application layer identifier and the layer one identifier. In some examples, the random number may be generated based on or as a portion of the EPC, or may include most significant or least significant bits of the EPC. In some examples, the wireless device may transmit a preamble (a portion of the EPC) in the first message, and a remainder of the EPC in the third message of the four-step procedure. In some examples, the third message (or first message of a two-step procedure) may include a reduced version of the application layer identifier (e.g., one bit in every Z bits) . In some examples, the random number may be generated based on an inventory occasion (e.g., the resources via which the first inventory message is transmitted) . In some examples, the wireless device may initiate a timer upon transmission of the waveform, and if the no response is received upon expiration of the timer, the wireless device may retransmit the waveform. In some examples, the wireless device may apply one or more procedures to maintain or resume the timer after repowering up after a power off period.
[0137] As described herein, the reader (e.g., which may also be a source device) may initiate a synchronization procedure with one or more tags. The reader may then (e.g., periodically) perform an inventory procedure. In some examples, based on the inventory procedure, the reader may perform communications (e.g., data signaling) with the tags.
[0138] Techniques described herein may support carrying more information in a random number (e.g., an inventory message 1 or inventory message A) from the tag to the wireless device. The random number may denote different tag-reader PL, distance, tag class (e.g., a passive or semi-active tag or an active tag) , a charging rate, a discharging rate, a delay demand (e.g., urgent or not urgent) , or any combination thereof. In some examples, the reader may be a UE 115. In such examples, the L1-ID may be a cell-level identifier, in which case the L1-ID may be determined by a network entity (e.g., which may relay the L1-ID to the reader for indication to the tag via an inventory message) . In some examples, the L1-ID may be a UE-level identifier, in which case the UE may select the L1-ID. The UE identifier may be input when generating an L1-ID for the tag.
[0139] FIG. 5 shows an example of a process flow 500 that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 500 may implement, or be implemented by, aspects of the wireless communications system 100, the wireless communications system 200, the wireless communications system 300, and the timeline 400. For example, the process flow 500 may include a reader 505 and a wireless device 510, which may be examples of corresponding devices described with reference to FIGs. 1-4. For example, the wireless device 510 may be an active device, a passive device, a tag, or any other device (e.g., in an AIoT deployment) . The process flow 500 may illustrate a two-step inventory procedure (e.g., including inventory message A and inventory message B) , where inventory message A (e.g., which may be referred to as message 1 or a first inventory message) may include an application layer identifier in the form of a sequence of bits (e.g., a tag identifier, an EPC identifier, etc. ) , and message B (e.g., which may be referred to as message 2 or a second inventory message) may include the application layer identifier and an L1-ID.
[0140] At 515, the wireless device 510 may receive (e.g., from the reader 505) a trigger message. The trigger message may initiate an inventory procedure (e.g., a trigger message 415 as described with reference to FIG. 4) . In some examples, the trigger message may be associated with the inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless device (e.g., multiple tags) are within a coverage range of the reader 505. In some examples, the trigger message may include an indication of whether the reader 505 reads (e.g., requests, or is capable of reading and decoding) a type of application layer identifier (e.g., a tag identifier, and EPC, or both) , an indication of a type of inventory procedure supported by or triggered by the reader (e.g., a two-step inventory procedure, or a four-step inventory procedure) , an indication of whether the reader 505 supports reading of small data, or any combination thereof. The wireless device 510 may perform the inventory procedure according to the information provided by the reader 505. For instance, if the wireless device 510 may perform a two-step inventory procedure based on an indication of a two-step inventory procedure received in the trigger message. In some examples, the wireless device 510 may include a tag identifier, an EPC, both, or another application layer identifier based on a type of identifier indicated in the trigger message.
[0141] At 520, the wireless device 510 may transmit an inventory message A. For example, the wireless device 510 may transmit a waveform including a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier associated with the wireless device 510. The waveform may be an OOK waveform, an FSK waveform, an ASK waveform, or the like. The application layer identifier may be an example of a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device 510, or an EPC. The message A may or might not include an orthogonal preamble. The wireless device 510 may transmit the inventory message A via an IO corresponding to the trigger message (e.g., via an IO 420 as described with reference to FIG. 4) . In some examples, the identifier (e.g., the EPC) may be a 96 bit sequence. In some examples, the inventory message A may include both the EPC and the tag identifier. Transmission of message A by the wireless device 510 may experience significant collisions with other wireless devices 510 (e.g., other tags responding to the trigger message) . However, message B may experience no collisions. If collisions occur for the inventory message A transmitted by the wireless device 510 (e.g., the wireless device 510 does not receive the inventory message B) , then the wireless device 510 may transmit another inventory message A (e.g., in response to the trigger message or another trigger message) during a subsequent round of a trigger period.
[0142] At 525, the wireless device 510 may receive (e.g., from the reader) an inventory message B. For example, if the application layer identifier (e.g., the EPC, or the tag ID, among other examples) is decoded successfully by the reader 505, then the reader may feedback the inventory message B. The inventory message 2 may be a feedback message including a layer one identifier (L1-ID) associated with the wireless device 510. The inventory message B may also include the application layer ID (e.g., the EPC) , which may denote an ACK message (e.g., the wireless device may receive the same application layer identifier included in the inventory message A, based on which the reader may determine that the inventory message A did not collide with any other message A transmitted by another tag, and the inventory procedure was successfully completed) . In cases where the inventory message A includes both the ECP and the tag identifier, the inventory message B may include either the EPC or the tag identifier along with the L1-ID (e.g., either the EPC or the tag identifier denotes an ACK of the inventory message A) . In some examples, as described here, the inventory message A may include an identical preamble as a prefix, a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) as a suffix, or both. The inventory message B may also include an identical preamble as a prefix, a CRC as a suffix, or both. The EPC may be encrypted over the air.
[0143] FIG. 6 shows an example of a process flow 600 that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 600 may implement, or be implemented by, aspects of the wireless communications system 100, the wireless communications system 200, the wireless communications system 300, and the timeline 400. For example, the process flow 600 may include a reader 605 and a wireless device 610, which may be examples of corresponding devices described with reference to FIGs. 1-5. For example, the wireless device 610 may be an active device, a passive device, a tag, or any other device (e.g., in an AIoT deployment) . The process flow 600 may illustrate a four-step inventory procedure (e.g., including inventory message 1, inventory message 2, inventory message 3, and inventory message 4) , where inventory message 1 and inventory message 2 include a random number generated by the wireless device 610, inventory message 3 includes an application layer identifier (e.g., an EPC, a tag identifier, etc. ) , and message 4 includes the application layer identifier (e.g., the EPC, tag identifier, etc. ) and a L1-ID.
[0144] At 615, the wireless device 610 may receive (e.g., from the reader 605) a trigger message. The trigger message may initiate an inventory procedure (e.g., a trigger message 415 as described with reference to FIG. 4) . In some examples, the trigger message may be associated with the inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless device (e.g., multiple tags) are within a coverage range of the reader 605. In some examples, the trigger message may include an indication of whether the reader 605 reads (e.g., requests, or is capable of reading and decoding) a type of application layer identifier (e.g., a tag identifier, and EPC, or both) , an indication of a type of inventory procedure supported by or triggered by the reader (e.g., a two-step inventory procedure, or a four-step inventory procedure) , an indication of whether the reader 605 supports reading of small data, or any combination thereof. The wireless device 610 may perform the inventory procedure according to the information provided by the reader 605. For instance, if the wireless device 610 may perform a four-step inventory procedure based on an indication of a four-step inventory procedure received in the trigger message. In some examples, the wireless device 610 may include a tag identifier, an EPC, both, or another application layer identifier in a given inventory message based on a type of identifier indicated in the trigger message.
[0145] At 620, the wireless device 610 may transmit an inventory message 1 (e.g., based on receiving the trigger message at 615) . The wireless device 610 may generate a random number (e.g., based on a waveform such as an OOK random value) , or including an application layer identifier (e.g., EPC or tag identifier) . The random number may include a sequence of bits (e.g., 16 bits) , or may include the application layer identifier (e.g., 96 bits) . The wireless device 610 may transmit the inventory message 1 (e.g., the random number) to the reader 605. In some examples, the wireless device 510 may transmit the inventory message 1 via an IO corresponding to the trigger message (e.g., via an IO 420 as described with reference to FIG. 4) . Transmission of the inventory message 1 by multiple wireless devices 610 (e.g., multiple tags) may result in significant collision. If the wireless device 610 does not receive the inventory message 2 including the same random number included in inventory message 1, then the wireless device 610 may determine that the inventory message 1 has not been successfully received by the reader 605. In such examples, the wireless device 610 may transmit the inventory message 1 during a subsequent IO (e.g., during a subsequent round of a trigger period) .
[0146] At 625, the wireless device 610 may receive (e.g., from the reader 605) an inventory message 2. The inventory message 2 may feedback the same random number included in the inventory message 1. Receipt of the same random number via the inventory message 2 may denote an ACK of the inventory message 1 by the reader 605. If the inventory message 1 includes the application layer identifier, then the inventory message 2 may also include the application layer identifier.
[0147] At 630, the wireless the wireless device 610 may transmit the inventory message 3. For example, the wireless device 610 may transmit a waveform including a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier associated with the wireless device 610. The waveform may be an OOK waveform, an FSK waveform, an ASK waveform, or the like. The application layer identifier may be an example of a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device 610, or an EPC (e.g., 96 bit sequence) , among other examples. The message 3 may not include an orthogonal preamble. Transmission of inventory message 2 and inventory message 3 may experience significantly less collisions than transmission of inventory message 1 (e.g., although collisions may still occur) .
[0148] At 635, the reader 605 may generate a L1-ID for the wireless device, and may include the L1-ID and the application layer identifier (e.g., tag identifier, EPC, etc. ) in the inventory message 4. For example, if the application layer identifier (e.g., the EPC, or the tag ID, among other examples) is decoded successfully by the reader 605, then the reader may feedback the inventory message 4. In cases where the inventory message 1 includes both the ECP and the tag identifier, the inventory message 2 may include either the EPC or the tag identifier along with the L1-ID (e.g., either the EPC or the tag identifier denotes an ACK of the inventory message 1) . In some examples, as described here, the inventory message 1 may include an identical preamble as a prefix, a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) as a suffix, or both. The inventory message 2 may also include an identical preamble as a prefix, a CRC as a suffix, or both. The EPC may be encrypted over the air.
[0149] In some examples, it may be beneficial for the reader 605 to have access to both an EPC and a tag identifier for the wireless device 610. In such examples, the wireless device 610 may transmit (e.g., via the inventory message 1) an indication of one application layer identifier (e.g., the tag identifier) . The reader 605 may include the same application layer identifier in the inventory message 2, along with the L1-ID for the wireless device. The wireless device 610 may then include an additional application layer identifier (e.g., the EPC) in the inventory message 3. The reader 605 may then simply include the L1-ID in the inventory message 4.
[0150] In some examples, the random number (e.g., included in the inventory message 1 of a four-step inventory procedure (e.g., or an inventory message A of a two-step inventory procedure) may be generated based on the application layer identifier (e.g., the EPC) as described in greater detail with reference to FIG. 7.
[0151] FIG. 7 shows an example of an inventory procedure scheme 700 that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The inventory procedure scheme 700 may implement, or be implemented by, aspects of the wireless communications system 100, the wireless communications system 200, the wireless communications system 300, the timeline 400, the process flow 500, and the process flow 600. For example, a wireless device (e.g., such as a tag) and a reader may communicate according to the inventory procedure scheme 700. Such techniques may reduce overhead signaling while implementing the techniques described with reference to FIGs. 1-6.
[0152] In some examples, as described in greater detail with reference to FIGs. 4-6, a reader and one or more wireless devices (e.g., tags) may perform inventory procedures. In some examples, the wireless device may generate a random number for inclusion in one or more inventory messages (e.g., message A of a two-step inventory procedure, or message 1, message 3, or both, of a four-step inventory procedure) . In some examples, the wireless device may generate a random number based on an application layer identifier (e.g., an EDC-generated random number or a tag identifier-generated random number for message 1 or message A) . The random number may be the same as the application layer identifier, or may be generated based thereon (e.g., according to a hash or another function) . In some examples, the random number may be based on a sequence 705 (e.g., which may be equal to the application layer identifier or based on the application layer identifier) . The sequence 705 may include a first portion 710 and a second portion 715. The first portion 710 may include a first subset of bits of the sequence of bits, and the second portion 715 may include second subset of bits of the sequence of bits. For instance, the first portion 710 may include 80 most significant bits (MSBs) of a 96 bit EPC, and the second portion 715 may include 16 least significant bits (LSBs) of the 96 bit EPC. Or in some examples, the first portion 710 may include 64 MSBs of the EPC and the second portion 715 may include 32 LSBs of the EPC.
[0153] In some examples, the portion 710 may include a higher position set of bits and the portion 715 may include a lower position set of bits. In some examples, the portion 710 may include a selection of bits (e.g., one bit out of every subset of bits (e.g., one out of every X bits, where X may be defined in one or more standards, or may be indicated in the trigger message, or configured at the tag via control signaling such as higher layer control signaling) . For example, for X+6, the portion 715 may include 16 bits of a 96 bit sequence 705 (e.g., a 96 bit application layer identifier) .
[0154] In some examples, the reader and the wireless device may support the inclusion of a reduced application layer identifier (e.g., reduced tag identifier or reduced EPC) . The reduced application layer identifier may be included in one or more inventory messages (e.g., inventory message B, or inventory message 4) . For instance, the reduced application layer identifier may be a subset of bits (e.g., the portion 715 of the sequence 705) . The reduced application layer identifier may be a subset of bits defined by the selection of one bit from every X bits. For example, for X=3, the reduced application layer identifier may select a first bit, a fourth bit, a seventh bit, etc., for inclusion in the reduced application layer identifier. In some examples, such a reduced application layer identifier may be based on an offset (e.g., which may be indicated via control signaling, included in the trigger message, or defined in one or more standards documents) . For instance, for X=3 and an offset of 1, the wireless device may select a second bit (e.g., based on the offset) , a fifth bit, an eight bit, etc. for inclusion in the reduced application layer identifier. In a two-step inventory procedure, the wireless device may include the full application layer identifier (e.g., the full sequence 705) in the inventory message A, and the inventory message B may include the reduced application layer identifier and the L1-ID. In a four-step inventory procedure, the wireless device may include an EPC generated random number (e.g., the portion 715 of the sequence 705, which may include 16 bits) ) in the inventory message 1, the portion 715 of the sequence 705 may be included in the inventory message 2, the remaining bits of the sequence 705 (e.g., the portion 710, which may include 80 bits) may be included in the inventory message 3, and the reduced inventory message (e.g., including 32 bits for X=3) may be included in the inventory message 4.
[0155] In some examples, one or more portions (e.g., the portion 715) may be based on a hash function of the lower 16 bits of the application layer identifier (EPC) , such that generated random numbers included in the inventory message 1 or the inventory message A may be quite different (e.g., reducing collisions across multiple wireless devices) .
[0156] In a four-step inventory procedure (e.g., as described in greater detail with reference to FIG. 6) , the wireless device may include a portion (e.g., the second portion 715, such as 16 bits) of the sequence 705 in inventory message 1. Upon receiving inventory message 2 (e.g., including the second portion 715 of the sequence 705 responsive to transmitting the inventory message 1) , the wireless device may transmit the inventory message 3, which may include the first portion 710 (e.g., 80 bits) of the sequence 705. Based on transmitting the inventory message 3, the wireless device may receive the inventory message 4, which may include the first portion 710 of the sequence 705 and the L1-ID.
[0157] In a two-step inventory procedure (e.g., as described in greater detail with reference to FIG. 5) , the wireless device may include a portion (e.g., the second portion 715, such as 62 bits) in the message A of the two-step inventory procedure. In response, the reader may transmit the message B of the two-step inventory procedure, which may include the second portion 715 of the sequence 705 and the L1-ID. The reader and the wireless device may then perform a communication stage based on the inventory procedure. During the communication stage, the wireless device may transmit an indication of the first portion 710 of the sequence 705 (e.g., 64 bits of the sequence 705) . In response, the reader may transmit an indication that includes the L1-ID and the first portion 710 of the sequence 705.
[0158] In some examples, the wireless device and the reader may support adjustable random numbers (e.g., for the inventory message A or the inventory message 1) according to one or more parameters or conditions. For example, the size of the random number may be based on a quantity of tags in the inventory procedure, a collision probability, a tag retransmission number, a round index, or the like. For example, the random number size (e.g., quantity of bits) for an initial round of a trigger period may be equal to an initial (e.g., default) length. The initial length may be a default length, or may be configured (e.g., by the reader) . For instance, the reader may estimate a tag quantity before inventory (e.g., based on previous inventory procedures, registration, historical data, etc. ) , and may indicate, to the wireless device, a quantity of bits for the adjusted random number for inclusion in the inventory message 1 or the inventory message A) . The length of the random number in subsequent rounds of the inventory procedure may be dynamically indicated by the reader. In some examples, the length of the random number (e.g., as indicated by the reader) may be based on a collision probability, an empty IO probability, a successfully used IIO probability, or any combination thereof. For instance, in a first round (e.g., associated with a default quantity of IOs, such as 2 IOs 420, similar to the 2 IOs 420 in round 410-b as illustrated with reference to FIG. 4) , the default length of the inventory message 1 may be 16 bits. For a subsequent round with an increased quantity of IOs (e.g., 4 IOs 420, similar to the 4 IOs 420 in round 410-a as illustrated with reference to FIG. 4) based on collisions occurring in the 2 IOs of the first round) , the length of the inventory message 1 may be 21 bits) .
[0159] In some examples, random numbers generated according to the inventory procedure scheme 700 may reduce signaling overhead. In some examples, the wireless device may generate the sequence 705 according to techniques described with reference to FIG. 8, which may result in decreasing the quantity of collision by diversifying the random number selection across multiple wireless devices.
[0160] FIG. 8 shows an example of an inventory procedure scheme 800 that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The inventory procedure scheme 800 may implement, or be implemented by, aspects of the wireless communications system 100, the wireless communications system 200, the wireless communications system 300, the timeline 400, the process flow 500, the process flow 600, and the inventory procedure scheme 700. For example, a wireless device (e.g., such as a tag) and a reader may communicate according to the inventory procedure scheme 800. Such techniques may reduce overhead signaling while implementing the techniques described with reference to FIGs. 1-7.
[0161] In some examples, as described in greater detail with reference to FIGs. 4-7, a reader and one or more wireless devices (e.g., tags) may perform inventory procedures. In some examples, the wireless device may generate a sequence 805 for inclusion in one or more inventory messages (e.g., message A of a two-step inventory procedure, or message 1, message 3, or both, of a four-step inventory procedure) . In some examples, the wireless device may generate a sequence 805 based on an application layer identifier (e.g., may be equal to or based on an EDC-generated or a tag identifier for inventory message 1 or inventory message A) . The sequence 805 may be the same as the application layer identifier, or may be generated based thereon (e.g., according to a hash or another function) . The sequence 805 may include a first portion 810 (e.g., including the sub-portion 810-a and the sub-portion 810-b) and a second portion 815. The first portion 810 may include a first subset of bits of the sequence of bits, and the second portion 815 may include second subset of bits of the sequence of bits. For instance, the first portion 810 may include 80 most significant bits (MSBs) of a 96 bit EPC, and the second portion 815 may include 16 least significant bits (LSBs) of the 96 bit EPC. Or in some examples, the fist portion 810 may include 64 MSBs of the EPC and the second portion 815 may include 32 LSBs of the EPC. In some examples, the portion 810 may include a higher position set of bits and the portion 815 may include a lower position set of bits. In some examples, the portion 810 may include a selection of bits (e.g., one bit out of every subset of bits, where X may be defined in one or more standards, or may be indicated in the trigger message, or configured at the tag via control signaling such as higher layer control signaling) .
[0162] In some examples, the first portion 810 and the second portion 815 may be defined by portions of the sequence 805 (e.g., modified or unmodified) based on an offset 820 (e.g., a quantity of bits equal to Y) . For example, the wireless device may generate a portion 815 of the sequence 805 (e.g., for inclusion in inventory message 1, or inventory message A) according to a random offset 820. The offset 820 may be defined as an IO index mod Z, where Z is equal to a value (e.g., Z=96 for a 96 bit sequence 805) . That is, the offset 820 may be based on an IO index corresponding to the IO 420 selected by (e.g., or assigned to) the wireless device for transmitting the inventory message 1 or the inventory message A. The wireless device may apply the offset 820 to the sequence 805. The second portion 815 of the sequence 805 may therefore be defined by a subset of bits of the sequence of bits defined by the offset 820.
[0163] The offset 820 (e.g., the quantity of bits Y) may be defined according to an IO index of the inventory message 1 or the inventory message A. The IO may be defined by the time-frequency resources via which the wireless device transmits the message A or the message 1. In some examples, the offset 820 may be defined based on a time index, a frequency index, a slot index, a round index (e.g., for a round of a trigger period) , a random number plus or minus IO index, or any combination thereof. For instance, if the offset 820 is defined by a frequency index, then two wireless devices selecting a first IO and a second IO that overlap in time (e.g., but not in frequency) may generate the same portion 815 of the sequence 805 (e.g., if the sequence 805 is equal to the application layer identifier, such as a EPC) . For example, as illustrated with reference to the round 410-a of FIG. 4, a first wireless device may select the IO 420-a and a second wireless device may select the IO 420-c. The IO 420-a and the IO 420-c may overlap in time, but not in frequency. In such examples, the first wireless device and the second wireless device (e.g., applying the same offset 820 defined by the same frequency index of the IO 420-a and the IO 420-c) may generate the same portion 815 of the sequence 805. However, during a subsequent round of the trigger period, the two wireless devices may select two respective IOs that do not overlap in time (e.g., and therefore have different indices) . For instance, the round 410-a may illustrate a subsequent round during which the first wireless device selects the IO 420-a and the second wireless device selects the IO 420-b. Because the IO 420-a and the IO 420-b correspond to different frequency indices, the offset 820 may be different for each wireless device, resulting in a different portion 815 of the sequence 805 for the two respective wireless devices.
[0164] By applying different indices, the wireless devices may generate different offsets 820, and may therefore generate different portions 815 and portions 810 of the sequence 805 (e.g., of the EPC) . That is, if the offset 820 applied by two different wireless devices is different, then the bits included in the portion 815 and the bits included in the portion 810 for each respective wireless device will also be different, resulting in reduced collisions, and improved efficiency of the inventory procedure.
[0165] The wireless device may include the portion 815 in message 1 or message A of the inventory procedure (e.g., as described in greater detail with reference to FIG. 7) . In some examples, the value of Y or Z or both may be configured by the reader (e.g., or any other network device) . In some examples, the value of Y, the value of Z or both, may be defined in one or more standards documents.
[0166] FIG. 9 shows an example of a timeline 900 that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The timeline 900 may implement, or be implemented by, aspects of the wireless communications system 100, the wireless communications system 200, the wireless communications system 300, the timeline 400, the process flow 500, the process flow 600, the inventory procedure scheme 700, and the inventory procedure scheme 800. For example, a wireless device (e.g., such as a tag) and a reader may communicate according to the timeline 900. Such techniques may reduce overhead signaling while implementing the techniques described with reference to FIGs. 1-8.
[0167] The reader and the wireless device may support one or more simplified inventory messages (e.g., message 1 and message 2) . For example, the reader may transmit the trigger message 915, initiating an inventory procedure (e.g., such as a four-step inventory procedure) . Multiple wireless devices may transmit an inventory message 1 via one or more IOs 920. each inventory message 1 may include an identical, short preamble (e.g., four bits, or eight bits, etc. ) . No wireless devices may transmit during empty IO 920-a, a single wireless device may transmit the inventory message 1 via a no collision IO 920-b, multiple wireless devices may transmit the inventory message 1 (e.g., including the same preamble) via the collision IO 920-c, and no collision may occur via the failed decoding IO 920-d, but the reader may fail to decode the inventory message 1 transmitted via the failed decoding IO 920-d. The reader may transmit an inventory message 2, which may include a bitmap of ACK and NACK messages. For instance, the bitmap may include a 1-to 1 mapping between IOs (e.g., for inventory message 1) and ACK / NACK bits in the bitmap. The message 2 may include a preamble 905 (e.g., the same preamble included in the inventory message 1) , control 910 (e.g., indicating ACK or NACK) , and a bitmap 925, and a CRC 930. For the IOs 920 corresponding to the trigger message 915, the bitmap may indicate ACK or NACK (e.g., 0001 for the four IOs 920, where only the fourth IO 920 was a no collision IO 920-b) . In some examples, the inventory message 2 may support a reduced version of message 1. For instance, the bitmap may include a truncated feedback message (e.g., one bit may be selected for every Z bits of the inventory message 1) . In such examples, for Z=2, the bitmap 925 may include 2 bits (e.g., 00) for each pair of IOs 920. Because at least one of each pair of IOs 920 includes a NACK, the bitmap 925 may indicate two NACKs (e.g., or one ACK and one NACK indicating that at least one IO 920 or a pair of IOs 920 was successfully received) .
[0168] FIG. 10 shows an example of an inventory procedure scheme 1000 that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The inventory procedure scheme 1000 may implement, or be implemented by, aspects of the wireless communications system 100, the wireless communications system 200, the wireless communications system 300, the timeline 400, the process flow 500, the process flow 600, the inventory procedure scheme 700, the inventory procedure scheme 800, and the timeline 900. For example, a wireless device (e.g., such as a tag) and a reader may communicate according to the inventory procedure scheme 1000. Such techniques may reduce overhead signaling while implementing the techniques described with reference to FIGs. 1-9.
[0169] In some examples, the wireless device may generate a random number 1005 (e.g., a portion of or subset of an application layer identifier, as described herein. The wireless device may include the random number 1005 in an inventory message 1. The inventory message 1 may include an indication of whether the wireless device requests to transmit data (e.g., small data) . In some examples, the small data may include a scheduling request. In some examples, the inventory message 1 may include an indication of an amount of small data (e.g., a BSR) requested by the wireless device. In some examples, the random number 1005 may include a small data indicator 1010 indicating whether the wireless device requests to send small data, how much small data the wireless device requests to transmit, or both. The random number 1005 may also include identifier-generated bits (e.g., 16 bits of an application layer identifier) . In some examples, the small data indicator 1010 may include a set of bits defining the small data request. In some examples, small data indicator 1010 may indicate a special random number set, IO set, time frequency resource set, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the wireless device may transmit the small data (e.g., sensor information at a tag) via an inventory message 3 based on the small data indicator 1010.
[0170] For example, the wireless device may transmit the special random number 1005 via the inventory message 1. The random number 1005 may be transmitted via a special random number set reserved for tags with small data. The small data indicator 1010 may be relatively small (e.g., 2 bits) . For instance, a first codepoint (e.g., 00) may indicate that there is no small data for transmission by the wireless device, a second codepoint (e.g., 01) may indicate a first quantity of small data to be transmitted from the wireless device (e.g., 1-40 bits) , a third codepoint (e.g., 10) may indicate a second quantity of small data to be transmitted from the wireless device (e.g., 41-80 bits) , and a fourth codepoint (e.g., 11) may indicate a third quantity of small data to be transmitted from the wireless device (e.g., 81-120 bits) . The reader may transmit an inventory message 2 including the random number 1005. In some examples, forward link packets (e.g., via the inventory trigger, or the inventory message 2) may indicate whether the reader requests to read small data. The transmission of the small data indicator 1010, or the inclusion of small data in an inventory message 3, may be based on the forward link packets indicating whether the reader request the small data. The wireless device may transmit an inventory message 3 including an application layer identifier and the small data (e.g., via a quantity of bits indicated by the small data indicator 1010) , and the reader may transmit an inventory message 4 including the application layer identifier and the L1-ID.
[0171] FIG. 11 shows an example of a timeline 1100 that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The timeline 1100 may implement, or be implemented by, aspects of the wireless communications system 100, the wireless communications system 200, the wireless communications system 300, the timeline 400, the process flow 500, the process flow 600, the inventory procedure scheme 700, the inventory procedure scheme 800, the timeline 900, and the inventory procedure scheme 1000. For example, a wireless device (e.g., such as a tag) and a reader may communicate according to the timeline 1100. Such techniques may reduce overhead signaling while implementing the techniques described with reference to FIGs. 1-10.
[0172] In some examples, the wireless device may support a timer between inventory messages (e.g., between inventory message 1 and inventory message 2) . The wireless device may initiate the timer upon transmitting the inventory message 1. If the wireless device does not receive the message 2 prior to expiration of the timer, then the wireless device may transmit another inventory message 1 during a subsequent round of the trigger period. Similar timers may be applied between other inventory messages (e.g., between an inventory message A and an inventory message B, between an inventory message 3 and an inventory message 4, or other messages) . A duration of the timer may be configured by the reader or another network entity, or may be defined in one or more standards.
[0173] In some examples, the wireless device may be a passive tag in a TDD system. In such examples, the wireless device may power off occasionally, which may occur between transmission of the inventory message 1 and the inventory message 2. During a power off state (e.g., between time T1 and time T2) , the clock of the wireless device may be invalid, resulting in inefficient or inaccurate movement between rounds, failed transmissions, failed inventory procedure, and the like.
[0174] In some examples, the timer at the wireless device may skip a power off duration. In such examples, the timer may continue to do the timer after repowering up (e.g., at time T2) . In some examples, the wireless device may utilize a defined repower up counter. If the wireless device repowers up a quantity of times that exceeds a threshold quantity of times (e.g., more than X times) without receiving the inventory message 2 (e.g., because the inventory message 2 was transmitted during a power off period) , then the wireless device may move to a next round of the trigger period. In some examples, a forward link indication (e.g., after the wireless device powers up) may indicate current time information, and the wireless device may continue the timer or initiate a new timer based on the indicated timing information. In some examples (e.g., for an energy harvesting (EH) tag) , the wireless device may be powered off when the energy storage is exhausted.
[0175] FIG. 12 shows a block diagram 1200 of a device 1205 that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1205 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 as described herein. The device 1205 may include a receiver 1210, a transmitter 1215, and a communications manager 1220. The device 1205, or one or more components of the device 1205 (e.g., the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, and the communications manager 1220) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0176] The receiver 1210 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to inventory procedures in AIoT deployment) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1205. The receiver 1210 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0177] The transmitter 1215 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 1205. For example, the transmitter 1215 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to inventory procedures in AIoT deployment) . In some examples, the transmitter 1215 may be co-located with a receiver 1210 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 1215 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0178] The communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of inventory procedures in AIoT deployment as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0179] In some examples, the communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a central processing unit (CPU) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0180] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor. If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0181] In some examples, the communications manager 1220 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or both. For example, the communications manager 1220 may receive information from the receiver 1210, send information to the transmitter 1215, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0182] The communications manager 1220 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a reader wireless device, a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device. The communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, based on receiving the trigger message, a waveform including a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier of the wireless device. The communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the reader wireless device based on transmitting the waveform, a feedback message including a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device.
[0183] By including or configuring the communications manager 1220 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1205 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, the communications manager 1220, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for inventory procedures resulting in more efficient utilization of communication resources, reduced signaling overhead, improved reliability of devices in AIoT deployments, decreased system latency, and improved user experience.
[0184] FIG. 13 shows a block diagram 1300 of a device 1305 that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1305 may be an example of aspects of a device 1205 or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 1305 may include a receiver 1310, a transmitter 1315, and a communications manager 1320. The device 1305, or one of more components of the device 1305 (e.g., the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, and the communications manager 1320) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0185] The receiver 1310 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to inventory procedures in AIoT deployment) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1305. The receiver 1310 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0186] The transmitter 1315 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 1305. For example, the transmitter 1315 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to inventory procedures in AIoT deployment) . In some examples, the transmitter 1315 may be co-located with a receiver 1310 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 1315 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0187] The device 1305, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of inventory procedures in AIoT deployment as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1320 may include a trigger message manager 1325 an inventory message manager 1330, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 1320 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1220 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 1320, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, or both. For example, the communications manager 1320 may receive information from the receiver 1310, send information to the transmitter 1315, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0188] The communications manager 1320 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The trigger message manager 1325 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a reader wireless device, a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device. The inventory message manager 1330 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, based on receiving the trigger message, a waveform including a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier of the wireless device. The inventory message manager 1330 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the reader wireless device based on transmitting the waveform, a feedback message including a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device.
[0189] FIG. 14 shows a block diagram 1400 of a communications manager 1420 that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 1420 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1220, a communications manager 1320, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 1420, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of inventory procedures in AIoT deployment as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1420 may include a trigger message manager 1425, an inventory message manager 1430, an inventory procedure manager 1435, a random number manager 1440, a small data manager 1445, a timing manager 1450, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0190] The communications manager 1420 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The trigger message manager 1425 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a reader wireless device, a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device. The inventory message manager 1430 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, based on receiving the trigger message, a waveform including a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier of the wireless device. In some examples, the inventory message manager 1430 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the reader wireless device based on transmitting the waveform, a feedback message including a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device.
[0191] In some examples, the inventory procedure manager 1435 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a first inventory message including a random number, the inventory procedure including a four-step inventory procedure. In some examples, the inventory procedure manager 1435 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a second inventory message including the random number, where transmitting the waveform is based on receiving the second inventory message, the waveform including a third message of the four-step inventory procedure and the feedback message including a fourth message of the four-step inventory procedure.
[0192] In some examples, the inventory procedure manager 1435 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting an indication of a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device. In some examples, the inventory procedure manager 1435 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, based on transmitting the tag identifier, a second feedback message including the layer one identifier and the tag identifier, where the sequence of bits includes the tag identifier.
[0193] In some examples, the inventory procedure manager 1435 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, via the waveform, a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device, where the sequence of bits includes a tag identifier. In some examples, the inventory procedure manager 1435 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, via the feedback message, the tag identifier or the application layer identifier.
[0194] In some examples, the trigger message manager 1425 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, via the trigger message, an indication that the inventory procedure is a two-step procedure or a four-step procedure, an indication that the wireless device is to include the application layer identifier including a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device, an indication that the wireless device is to transmit small data information, or any combination thereof, where transmitting the waveform is based on the trigger message.
[0195] In some examples, the random number manager 1440 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a random number based on the application layer identifier, the sequence of bits including the random number, where the sequence of bits includes a first portion of a set of bits including the application layer identifier.
[0196] In some examples, the first portion of the set of bits includes a set of multiple least significant bits of the application layer identifier, or a set of multiple most significant bits of the application layer identifier.
[0197] In some examples, the first portion of the set of bits is based on an offset value corresponding to the set of bits and includes one bit from each of a set of multiple sub sets of the set of bits.
[0198] In some examples, the random number manager 1440 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating the random number based on an inventory occasion corresponding to the waveform.
[0199] In some examples, the random number manager 1440 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the reader wireless device, an indication of second portion of the set of bits based on receiving the feedback message.
[0200] In some examples, a quantity of bits in the first portion of the set of bits is based on a quantity of the one or more wireless devices that are within the coverage range of the reader wireless device.
[0201] In some examples, the inventory message manager 1430 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the reader wireless device via a first inventory occasion of a set of multiple inventory occasions, a first preamble associated with each of the one or more wireless devices. In some examples, the inventory message manager 1430 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a bitmap indicating successful receipt of the first preamble via the first inventory occasion, where transmitting the waveform is based on receiving the bitmap.
[0202] In some examples, the small data manager 1445 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, via the waveform, a small data indicator including a status report indicating whether the wireless device supports small data transmission.
[0203] In some examples, the timing manager 1450 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for initiating a timer upon transmission of the waveform. In some examples, the timing manager 1450 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for monitoring for the feedback message for a duration of the timer.
[0204] In some examples, the timing manager 1450 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a second waveform including the sequence of bits corresponding to the application layer identifier associated with the wireless device upon expiration of the timer based on monitoring for the feedback message and a failure to receive the feedback message during the timer, where receiving the feedback message is based on transmitting the second waveform.
[0205] FIG. 15 shows a diagram of a system 1500 including a device 1505 that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1505 may be an example of or include the components of a device 1205, a device 1305, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 1505 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The device 1505 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 1520, an input / output (I / O) controller 1510, a transceiver 1515, an antenna 1525, at least one memory 1530, code 1535, and at least one processor 1540. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1545) .
[0206] The I / O controller 1510 may manage input and output signals for the device 1505. The I / O controller 1510 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 1505. In some cases, the I / O controller 1510 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 1510 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally or alternatively, the I / O controller 1510 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 1510 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 1540. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 1505 via the I / O controller 1510 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1510.
[0207] In some cases, the device 1505 may include a single antenna 1525. However, in some other cases, the device 1505 may have more than one antenna 1525, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1515 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 1525, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1515 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1515 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1525 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1525. The transceiver 1515, or the transceiver 1515 and one or more antennas 1525, may be an example of a transmitter 1215, a transmitter 1315, a receiver 1210, a receiver 1310, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
[0208] The at least one memory 1530 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The at least one memory 1530 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1535 including instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 1540, cause the device 1505 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1535 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1535 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 1540 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1530 may contain, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0209] The at least one processor 1540 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 1540 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 1540. The at least one processor 1540 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 1530) to cause the device 1505 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting inventory procedures in AIoT deployment) . For example, the device 1505 or a component of the device 1505 may include at least one processor 1540 and at least one memory 1530 coupled with or to the at least one processor 1540, the at least one processor 1540 and at least one memory 1530 configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1540 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1530 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1540 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 1540) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 1530) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. As such, the at least one processor 1540 or a processing system including the at least one processor 1540 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 1505 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code stored in the at least one memory 1530 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0210] The communications manager 1520 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a reader wireless device, a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device. The communications manager 1520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, based on receiving the trigger message, a waveform including a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier of the wireless device. The communications manager 1520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the reader wireless device based on transmitting the waveform, a feedback message including a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device.
[0211] By including or configuring the communications manager 1520 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1505 may support techniques for inventory procedures resulting in more efficient utilization of communication resources, improved reliability of wireless communications, reduced signaling overhead, reduced processing, reduced power consumption, improved reliability of devices in AIoT deployments, decreased system latency, and improved user experience.
[0212] In some examples, the communications manager 1520 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1515, the one or more antennas 1525, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1520 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1520 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 1540, the at least one memory 1530, the code 1535, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1535 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 1540 to cause the device 1505 to perform various aspects of inventory procedures in AIoT deployment as described herein, or the at least one processor 1540 and the at least one memory 1530 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0213] FIG. 16 shows a block diagram 1600 of a device 1605 that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1605 may be an example of aspects of a network entity 105 or a reader device as described herein. The device 1605 may include a receiver 1610, a transmitter 1615, and a communications manager 1620. The device 1605, or one or more components of the device 1605 (e.g., the receiver 1610, the transmitter 1615, and the communications manager 1620) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0214] The receiver 1610 may provide a means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1605. In some examples, the receiver 1610 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver 1610 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.
[0215] The transmitter 1615 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 1605. For example, the transmitter 1615 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . In some examples, the transmitter 1615 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitter 1615 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1615 and the receiver 1610 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled with a modem.
[0216] The communications manager 1620, the receiver 1610, the transmitter 1615, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of inventory procedures in AIoT deployment as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1620, the receiver 1610, the transmitter 1615, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0217] In some examples, the communications manager 1620, the receiver 1610, the transmitter 1615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0218] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1620, the receiver 1610, the transmitter 1615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor. If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 1620, the receiver 1610, the transmitter 1615, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0219] In some examples, the communications manager 1620 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1610, the transmitter 1615, or both. For example, the communications manager 1620 may receive information from the receiver 1610, send information to the transmitter 1615, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1610, the transmitter 1615, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0220] The communications manager 1620 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a wireless device, a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device. The communications manager 1620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, based on transmitting the trigger message, a waveform including a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier associated with the wireless device. The communications manager 1620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the wireless device based on receiving the waveform, a feedback message including a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device.
[0221] By including or configuring the communications manager 1620 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1605 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 1610, the transmitter 1615, the communications manager 1620, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for inventory procedures resulting in more efficient utilization of communication resources, reduced signaling overhead, improved reliability of devices in AIoT deployments, decreased system latency, and improved user experience.
[0222] FIG. 17 shows a block diagram 1700 of a device 1705 that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1705 may be an example of aspects of a device 1605 or a network entity 105 or a reader device as described herein. The device 1705 may include a receiver 1710, a transmitter 1715, and a communications manager 1720. The device 1705, or one of more components of the device 1705 (e.g., the receiver 1710, the transmitter 1715, and the communications manager 1720) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0223] The receiver 1710 may provide a means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1705. In some examples, the receiver 1710 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver 1710 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.
[0224] The transmitter 1715 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 1705. For example, the transmitter 1715 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . In some examples, the transmitter 1715 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitter 1715 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1715 and the receiver 1710 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled with a modem.
[0225] The device 1705, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of inventory procedures in AIoT deployment as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1720 may include a trigger message manager 1725 an inventory message manager 1730, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 1720 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1620 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 1720, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1710, the transmitter 1715, or both. For example, the communications manager 1720 may receive information from the receiver 1710, send information to the transmitter 1715, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1710, the transmitter 1715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0226] The communications manager 1720 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The trigger message manager 1725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a wireless device, a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device. The inventory message manager 1730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, based on transmitting the trigger message, a waveform including a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier associated with the wireless device. The inventory message manager 1730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the wireless device based on receiving the waveform, a feedback message including a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device.
[0227] FIG. 18 shows a block diagram 1800 of a communications manager 1820 that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 1820 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1620, a communications manager 1720, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 1820, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of inventory procedures in AIoT deployment as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1820 may include a trigger message manager 1825, an inventory message manager 1830, an inventory procedure manager 1835, a small data manager 1840, a random number manager 1845, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) which may include communications within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with a network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with a network entity 105) , or any combination thereof.
[0228] The communications manager 1820 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The trigger message manager 1825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a wireless device, a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device. The inventory message manager 1830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, based on transmitting the trigger message, a waveform including a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier associated with the wireless device. In some examples, the inventory message manager 1830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the wireless device based on receiving the waveform, a feedback message including a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device.
[0229] In some examples, the inventory procedure manager 1835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a first inventory message including a random number, the inventory procedure including a four-step inventory procedure. In some examples, the inventory procedure manager 1835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a second inventory message including the random number, where receiving the waveform is based on transmitting the second inventory message, the waveform including a third message of the four-step inventory procedure and the feedback message including a fourth message of the four-step inventory procedure.
[0230] In some examples, the inventory message manager 1830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving an indication of a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device. In some examples, the inventory message manager 1830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting based on receiving the tag identifier, a second feedback message including the layer one identifier and the tag identifier, where the sequence of bits includes a tag identifier.
[0231] In some examples, the inventory message manager 1830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, via the waveform, a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device, where the sequence of bits includes a tag identifier. In some examples, the inventory message manager 1830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, via the feedback message, the tag identifier or the application layer identifier.
[0232] In some examples, the inventory procedure manager 1835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, via the trigger message, an indication that the inventory procedure is a two-step procedure or a four-step procedure, an indication that the wireless device is to include the application layer identifier including a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device, an indication that the wireless device is to transmit small data information, or any combination thereof, where receiving the waveform is based on the trigger message.
[0233] In some examples, the sequence of bits including a random number. In some examples, the sequence of bits includes a first portion of a set of bits including the application layer identifier.
[0234] In some examples, the first portion of the set of bits includes a set of multiple least significant bits of the application layer identifier, or a set of multiple most significant bits of the application layer identifier.
[0235] In some examples, the first portion of the set of bits is based on an offset value corresponding to the set of bits and includes one bit from each of a set of multiple subsets of the set of bits.
[0236] In some examples, the random number is based on an inventory occasion corresponding to the waveform.
[0237] In some examples, the random number manager 1845 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the wireless device, an indication of second portion of the set of bits based on receiving the feedback message.
[0238] In some examples, a quantity of bits in the first portion of the set of bits is based on a quantity of the one or more wireless devices that are within the coverage range of the reader wireless device.
[0239] In some examples, the inventory message manager 1830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the wireless device via a first inventory occasion of a set of multiple inventory occasions, a first preamble associated with each of the one or more wireless devices. In some examples, the inventory message manager 1830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a bitmap indicating successful receipt of the first preamble via the first inventory occasion, where transmitting the waveform is based on receiving the bitmap.
[0240] In some examples, the small data manager 1840 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, via the waveform, a small data indicator including a status report indicating whether the wireless device supports small data transmission.
[0241] FIG. 19 shows a diagram of a system 1900 including a device 1905 that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1905 may be an example of or include the components of a device 1605, a device 1705, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1905 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof, which may include communications over one or more wired interfaces, over one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 1905 may include components that support outputting and obtaining communications, such as a communications manager 1920, a transceiver 1910, an antenna 1915, at least one memory 1925, code 1930, and at least one processor 1935. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1940) .
[0242] The transceiver 1910 may support bi-directional communications via wired links, wireless links, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 1910 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally, or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 1910 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 1905 may include one or more antennas 1915, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently) . The transceiver 1910 may also include a modem to modulate signals, to provide the modulated signals for transmission (e.g., by one or more antennas 1915, by a wired transmitter) , to receive modulated signals (e.g., from one or more antennas 1915, from a wired receiver) , and to demodulate signals. In some implementations, the transceiver 1910 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1915 that are configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1915 that are configured to support various transmitting or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1910 may include or be configured for coupling with one or more processors or one or more memory components that are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other outputting, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1910, or the transceiver 1910 and the one or more antennas 1915, or the transceiver 1910 and the one or more antennas 1915 and one or more processors or one or more memory components (e.g., the at least one processor 1935, the at least one memory 1925, or both) , may be included in a chip or chip assembly that is installed in the device 1905. In some examples, the transceiver 1910 may be operable to support communications via one or more communications links (e.g., a communication link 125, a backhaul communication link 120, a midhaul communication link 162, a fronthaul communication link 168) .
[0243] The at least one memory 1925 may include RAM, ROM, or any combination thereof. The at least one memory 1925 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1930 including instructions that, when executed by one or more of the at least one processor 1935, cause the device 1905 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1930 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1930 may not be directly executable by a processor of the at least one processor 1935 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1925 may contain, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some examples, the at least one processor 1935 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1925 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein (for example, as part of a processing system) .
[0244] The at least one processor 1935 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 1935 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into one or more of the at least one processor 1935. The at least one processor 1935 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., one or more of the at least one memory 1925) to cause the device 1905 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting inventory procedures in AIoT deployment) . For example, the device 1905 or a component of the device 1905 may include at least one processor 1935 and at least one memory 1925 coupled with one or more of the at least one processor 1935, the at least one processor 1935 and the at least one memory 1925 configured to perform various functions described herein. The at least one processor 1935 may be an example of a cloud-computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as operating systems, virtual machines, or container instances) that may host the functions (e.g., by executing code 1930) to perform the functions of the device 1905. The at least one processor 1935 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 1905 (such as within one or more of the at least one memory 1925) . In some examples, the at least one processor 1935 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1925 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1935 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 1935) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 1925) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. As such, the at least one processor 1935 or a processing system including the at least one processor 1935 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 1905 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code stored in the at least one memory 1925 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0245] In some examples, a bus 1940 may support communications of (e.g., within) a protocol layer of a protocol stack. In some examples, a bus 1940 may support communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack) , which may include communications performed within a component of the device 1905, or between different components of the device 1905 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where the device 1905 may refer to a system in which one or more of the communications manager 1920, the transceiver 1910, the at least one memory 1925, the code 1930, and the at least one processor 1935 may be located in one of the different components or divided between different components) .
[0246] In some examples, the communications manager 1920 may manage aspects of communications with a core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links) . For example, the communications manager 1920 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communications manager 1920 may manage communications with other network entities 105, and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 in cooperation with other network entities 105. In some examples, the communications manager 1920 may support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communications network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.
[0247] The communications manager 1920 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a wireless device, a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device. The communications manager 1920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, based on transmitting the trigger message, a waveform including a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier associated with the wireless device. The communications manager 1920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the wireless device based on receiving the waveform, a feedback message including a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device.
[0248] By including or configuring the communications manager 1920 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1905 may support techniques for inventory procedures resulting in more efficient utilization of communication resources, improved reliability of wireless communications, reduced signaling overhead, reduced processing, reduced power consumption, improved reliability of devices in AIoT deployments, decreased system latency, and improved user experience.
[0249] In some examples, the communications manager 1920 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1910, the one or more antennas 1915 (e.g., where applicable) , or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1920 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1920 may be supported by or performed by the transceiver 1910, one or more of the at least one processor 1935, one or more of the at least one memory 1925, the code 1930, or any combination thereof (for example, by a processing system including at least a portion of the at least one processor 1935, the at least one memory 1925, the code 1930, or any combination thereof) . For example, the code 1930 may include instructions executable by one or more of the at least one processor 1935 to cause the device 1905 to perform various aspects of inventory procedures in AIoT deployment as described herein, or the at least one processor 1935 and the at least one memory 1925 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0250] FIG. 20 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 2000 that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 2000 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2000 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 15. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0251] At 2005, the method may include receiving, from a reader wireless device, a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device. The operations of block 2005 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2005 may be performed by a trigger message manager 1425 as described with reference to FIG. 14.
[0252] At 2010, the method may include transmitting, based on receiving the trigger message, a waveform including a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier of the wireless device. The operations of block 2010 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2010 may be performed by an inventory message manager 1430 as described with reference to FIG. 14.
[0253] At 2015, the method may include receiving, from the reader wireless device based on transmitting the waveform, a feedback message including a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device. The operations of block 2015 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2015 may be performed by an inventory message manager 1430 as described with reference to FIG. 14.
[0254] FIG. 21 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 2100 that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 2100 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2100 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 15. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0255] At 2105, the method may include receiving, from a reader wireless device, a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device, the trigger message including an indication that the inventory procedure is a two-step procedure or a four-step procedure, an indication that the wireless device is to include the application layer identifier including a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device, an indication that the wireless device is to transmit small data information, or any combination thereof, where transmitting the waveform is based on the trigger message. The operations of block 2105 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2105 may be performed by a trigger message manager 1425 as described with reference to FIG. 14.
[0256] At 2110, the method may include transmitting, based on receiving the trigger message, a waveform including a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier of the wireless device. The operations of block 2110 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2110 may be performed by an inventory message manager 1430 as described with reference to FIG. 14.
[0257] At 2115, the method may include initiating a timer upon transmission of the waveform. The operations of block 2115 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2115 may be performed by a timing manager 1450 as described with reference to FIG. 14.
[0258] At 2120, the method may include monitoring for the feedback message for a duration of the timer. The operations of block 2120 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2120 may be performed by a timing manager 1450 as described with reference to FIG. 14.
[0259] At 2125, the method may include receiving, from the reader wireless device based on transmitting the waveform, a feedback message including a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device. The operations of block 2125 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2125 may be performed by an inventory message manager 1430 as described with reference to FIG. 14.
[0260] FIG. 22 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 2200 that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 2200 may be implemented by a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2200 may be performed by a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 11 and 16 through 19. In some examples, a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0261] At 2205, the method may include transmitting, to a wireless device, a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device. The operations of block 2205 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2205 may be performed by a trigger message manager 1825 as described with reference to FIG. 18.
[0262] At 2210, the method may include receiving, based on transmitting the trigger message, a waveform including a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier associated with the wireless device. The operations of block 2210 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2210 may be performed by an inventory message manager 1830 as described with reference to FIG. 18.
[0263] At 2215, the method may include transmitting, to the wireless device based on receiving the waveform, a feedback message including a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device. The operations of block 2215 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2215 may be performed by an inventory message manager 1830 as described with reference to FIG. 18.
[0264] FIG. 23 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 2300 that supports inventory procedures in AIoT deployment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 2300 may be implemented by a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2300 may be performed by a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 11 and 16 through 19. In some examples, a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0265] At 2305, the method may include transmitting, to a wireless device, a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device. The operations of block 2305 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2305 may be performed by a trigger message manager 1825 as described with reference to FIG. 18.
[0266] At 2310, the method may include receiving, based on transmitting the trigger message, a waveform including a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier associated with the wireless device. The operations of block 2310 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2310 may be performed by an inventory message manager 1830 as described with reference to FIG. 18.
[0267] At 2315, the method may include transmitting, to the wireless device based on receiving the waveform, a feedback message including a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device. The operations of block 2315 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2315 may be performed by an inventory message manager 1830 as described with reference to FIG. 18.
[0268] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0269] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communications at a wireless device, comprising: receiving, from a reader wireless device, a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device; transmitting, based at least in part on receiving the trigger message, a waveform comprising a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier of the wireless device; and receiving, from the reader wireless device based at least in part on transmitting the waveform, a feedback message comprising a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device.
[0270] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, further comprising: transmitting a first inventory message comprising a random number, the inventory procedure comprising a four-step inventory procedure; and receiving a second inventory message comprising the random number, wherein transmitting the waveform is based at least in part on receiving the second inventory message, the waveform comprising a third message of the four-step inventory procedure and the feedback message comprising a fourth message of the four-step inventory procedure.
[0271] Aspect 3: The method of any of aspects 1 through 2, further comprising: transmitting an indication of a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device; and receiving, based at least in part on transmitting the tag identifier, a second feedback message comprising the layer one identifier and the tag identifier, wherein the sequence of bits comprises a tag identifier.
[0272] Aspect 4: The method of any of aspects 1 through 3, further comprising: transmitting, via the waveform, a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device, wherein the sequence of bits comprises a tag identifier; and receiving, via the feedback message, the tag identifier or the application layer identifier.
[0273] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1 through 4, further comprising: receiving, via the trigger message, an indication that the inventory procedure is a two-step procedure or a four-step procedure, an indication that the wireless device is to include the application layer identifier comprising a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device, an indication that the wireless device is to transmit small data information, or any combination thereof, wherein transmitting the waveform is based at least in part on the trigger message.
[0274] Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 1 through 5, further comprising: generating a random number based at least in part on the application layer identifier, the sequence of bits comprising the random number, wherein the sequence of bits comprises a first portion of a set of bits comprising the application layer identifier.
[0275] Aspect 7: The method of aspect 6, wherein the first portion of the set of bits comprises a plurality of least significant bits of the application layer identifier, or a plurality of most significant bits of the application layer identifier.
[0276] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 6 through 7, wherein the first portion of the set of bits is based at least in part on an offset value corresponding to the set of bits and comprises one bit from each of a plurality of subsets of the set of bits.
[0277] Aspect 9: The method of any of aspects 6 through 8, further comprising: generating the random number based at least in part on an inventory occasion corresponding to the waveform.
[0278] Aspect 10: The method of any of aspects 6 through 9, further comprising: transmitting, to the reader wireless device, an indication of second portion of the set of bits based at least in part on receiving the feedback message.
[0279] Aspect 11: The method of any of aspects 6 through 10, wherein a quantity of bits in the first portion of the set of bits is based at least in part on a quantity of the one or more wireless devices that are within the coverage range of the reader wireless device.
[0280] Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 1 through 11, further comprising: transmitting, to the reader wireless device via a first inventory occasion of a plurality of inventory occasions, a first preamble associated with each of the one or more wireless devices; and receiving a bitmap indicating successful receipt of the first preamble via the first inventory occasion, wherein transmitting the waveform is based at least in part on receiving the bitmap.
[0281] Aspect 13: The method of any of aspects 1 through 12, further comprising: transmitting, via the waveform, a small data indicator comprising a status report indicating whether the wireless device supports small data transmission.
[0282] Aspect 14: The method of any of aspects 1 through 13, further comprising: initiating a timer upon transmission of the waveform; and monitoring for the feedback message for a duration of the timer.
[0283] Aspect 15: The method of aspect 14, further comprising: transmitting a second waveform comprising the sequence of bits corresponding to the application layer identifier associated with the wireless device upon expiration of the timer based at least in part on monitoring for the feedback message and a failure to receive the feedback message during the timer, wherein receiving the feedback message is based at least in part on transmitting the second waveform.
[0284] Aspect 16: A method for wireless communications at a reader wireless device, comprising: transmitting, to a wireless device , a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device; receiving, based at least in part on transmitting the trigger message, a waveform comprising a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier associated with the wireless device; and transmitting, to the wireless device based at least in part on receiving the waveform, a feedback message comprising a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device.
[0285] Aspect 17: The method of aspect 16, further comprising: receiving a first inventory message comprising a random number, the inventory procedure comprising a four-step inventory procedure; and transmitting a second inventory message comprising the random number, wherein receiving the waveform is based at least in part on transmitting the second inventory message, the waveform comprising a third message of the four-step inventory procedure and the feedback message comprising a fourth message of the four-step inventory procedure.
[0286] Aspect 18: The method of any of aspects 16 through 17, further comprising: receiving an indication of a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device; and transmitting based at least in part on receiving the tag identifier, a second feedback message comprising the layer one identifier and the tag identifier, wherein the sequence of bits comprises a tag identifier.
[0287] Aspect 19: The method of any of aspects 16 through 18, further comprising: receiving, via the waveform, a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device, wherein the sequence of bits comprises a tag identifier; and transmitting, via the feedback message, the tag identifier or the application layer identifier.
[0288] Aspect 20: The method of any of aspects 16 through 19, further comprising: transmitting, via the trigger message, an indication that the inventory procedure is a two-step procedure or a four-step procedure, an indication that the wireless device is to include the application layer identifier comprising a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device, an indication that the wireless device is to transmit small data information, or any combination thereof, wherein receiving the waveform is based at least in part on the trigger message.
[0289] Aspect 21: The method of any of aspects 16 through 20, wherein . the sequence of bits comprising a random number, and the sequence of bits comprises a first portion of a set of bits comprising the application layer identifier
[0290] Aspect 22: The method of aspect 21, wherein the first portion of the set of bits comprises a plurality of least significant bits of the application layer identifier, or a plurality of most significant bits of the application layer identifier.
[0291] Aspect 23: The method of any of aspects 21 through 22, wherein the first portion of the set of bits is based at least in part on an offset value corresponding to the set of bits and comprises one bit from each of a plurality of subsets of the set of bits.
[0292] Aspect 24: The method of any of aspects 21 through 23, wherein the random number is based at least in part on an inventory occasion corresponding to the waveform.
[0293] Aspect 25: The method of any of aspects 21 through 24, further comprising: receiving, from the wireless device, an indication of second portion of the set of bits based at least in part on receiving the feedback message.
[0294] Aspect 26: The method of any of aspects 21 through 25, wherein a quantity of bits in the first portion of the set of bits is based at least in part on a quantity of the one or more wireless devices that are within the coverage range of the reader wireless device.
[0295] Aspect 27: The method of any of aspects 16 through 26, further comprising: receiving, from the wireless device via a first inventory occasion of a plurality of inventory occasions, a first preamble associated with each of the one or more wireless devices; and transmitting a bitmap indicating successful receipt of the first preamble via the first inventory occasion, wherein transmitting the waveform is based at least in part on receiving the bitmap.
[0296] Aspect 28: The method of any of aspects 16 through 27, further comprising: receiving, via the waveform, a small data indicator comprising a status report indicating whether the wireless device supports small data transmission.
[0297] Aspect 29: A wireless device for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 15.
[0298] Aspect 30: A wireless device for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 15.
[0299] Aspect 31: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 15.
[0300] Aspect 32: A reader wireless device for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the reader wireless device to perform a method of any of aspects 16 through 28.
[0301] Aspect 33: A reader wireless device for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 16 through 28.
[0302] Aspect 34: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of aspects 16 through 28.
[0303] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0304] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0305] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0306] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0307] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0308] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0309] As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”
[0310] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “a component” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “a component” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0311] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0312] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label, or other subsequent reference label.
[0313] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration, ” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0314] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A wireless device, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:receive, from a reader wireless device, a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device;transmit, based at least in part on receiving the trigger message, a waveform comprising a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier of the wireless device; andreceive, from the reader wireless device based at least in part on transmitting the waveform, a feedback message comprising a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device.2.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:transmit a first inventory message comprising a random number, the inventory procedure comprising a four-step inventory procedure; andreceive a second inventory message comprising the random number, wherein transmitting the waveform is based at least in part on receiving the second inventory message, the waveform comprising a third message of the four-step inventory procedure and the feedback message comprising a fourth message of the four-step inventory procedure.3.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:transmit an indication of a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device; andreceive, based at least in part on transmitting the tag identifier, a second feedback message comprising the layer one identifier and the tag identifier, wherein the sequence of bits comprises the tag identifier.4.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:transmit, via the waveform, a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device, wherein the sequence of bits comprises a tag identifier; andreceive, via the feedback message, the tag identifier or the application layer identifier.5.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:receive, via the trigger message, an indication that the inventory procedure is a two-step procedure or a four-step procedure, an indication that the wireless device is to include the application layer identifier comprising a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device, an indication that the wireless device is to transmit small data information, or any combination thereof, wherein transmitting the waveform is based at least in part on the trigger message.6.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:generate a random number based at least in part on the application layer identifier, the sequence of bits comprising the random number, wherein the sequence of bits comprises a first portion of a set of bits comprising the application layer identifier.7.The wireless device of claim 6, wherein the first portion of the set of bits comprises a plurality of least significant bits of the application layer identifier, or a plurality of most significant bits of the application layer identifier.8.The wireless device of claim 6, wherein the first portion of the set of bits is based at least in part on an offset value corresponding to the set of bits and comprises one bit from each of a plurality of subsets of the set of bits.9.The wireless device of claim 6, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:generate the random number based at least in part on an inventory occasion corresponding to the waveform.10.The wireless device of claim 6, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:transmit, to the reader wireless device, an indication of second portion of the set of bits based at least in part on receiving the feedback message.11.The wireless device of claim 6, wherein a quantity of bits in the first portion of the set of bits is based at least in part on a quantity of the one or more wireless devices that are within the coverage range of the reader wireless device.12.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:transmit, to the reader wireless device via a first inventory occasion of a plurality of inventory occasions, a first preamble associated with each of the one or more wireless devices; andreceive a bitmap indicating successful receipt of the first preamble via the first inventory occasion, wherein transmitting the waveform is based at least in part on receiving the bitmap.13.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:transmit, via the waveform, a small data indicator comprising a status report indicating whether the wireless device supports small data transmission.14.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:initiate a timer upon transmission of the waveform; andmonitor for the feedback message for a duration of the timer.15.The wireless device of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:transmit a second waveform comprising the sequence of bits corresponding to the application layer identifier associated with the wireless device upon expiration of the timer based at least in part on monitoring for the feedback message and a failure to receive the feedback message during the timer, wherein receiving the feedback message is based at least in part on transmitting the second waveform.16.A reader wireless device, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the reader wireless device to:transmit, to a wireless device, a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device;receive, based at least in part on transmitting the trigger message, a waveform comprising a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier associated with the wireless device; andtransmit, to the wireless device based at least in part on receiving the waveform, a feedback message comprising a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device.17.The reader wireless device of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the reader wireless device to:receive a first inventory message comprising a random number, the inventory procedure comprising a four-step inventory procedure; andtransmit a second inventory message comprising the random number, wherein receiving the waveform is based at least in part on transmitting the second inventory message, the waveform comprising a third message of the four-step inventory procedure and the feedback message comprising a fourth message of the four-step inventory procedure.18.The reader wireless device of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the reader wireless device to:receive an indication of a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device; andtransmit based at least in part on receiving the tag identifier, a second feedback message comprising the layer one identifier and the tag identifier, wherein the sequence of bits comprises a tag identifier.19.The reader wireless device of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the reader wireless device to:receive, via the waveform, a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device, wherein the sequence of bits comprises a tag identifier; andtransmit, via the feedback message, the tag identifier or the application layer identifier.20.The reader wireless device of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the reader wireless device to:transmit, via the trigger message, an indication that the inventory procedure is a two-step procedure or a four-step procedure, an indication that the wireless device is to include the application layer identifier comprising a tag identifier corresponding to the wireless device, an indication that the wireless device is to transmit small data information, or any combination thereof, wherein receiving the waveform is based at least in part on the trigger message.21.The reader wireless device of claim 16, wherein:the sequence of bits comprising a random number, andthe sequence of bits comprises a first portion of a set of bits comprising the application layer identifier.22.The reader wireless device of claim 21, wherein the first portion of the set of bits comprises a plurality of least significant bits of the application layer identifier, or a plurality of most significant bits of the application layer identifier.23.The reader wireless device of claim 21, wherein the first portion of the set of bits is based at least in part on an offset value corresponding to the set of bits and comprises one bit from each of a plurality of subsets of the set of bits.24.The reader wireless device of claim 21, wherein the random number is based at least in part on an inventory occasion corresponding to the waveform.25.The reader wireless device of claim 21, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the reader wireless device to:receive, from the wireless device, an indication of second portion of the set of bits based at least in part on receiving the feedback message.26.The reader wireless device of claim 21, wherein a quantity of bits in the first portion of the set of bits is based at least in part on a quantity of the one or more wireless devices that are within the coverage range of the reader wireless device.27.The reader wireless device of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the reader wireless device to:receive, from the wireless device via a first inventory occasion of a plurality of inventory occasions, a first preamble associated with each of the one or more wireless devices; andtransmit a bitmap indicating successful receipt of the first preamble via the first inventory occasion, wherein transmitting the waveform is based at least in part on receiving the bitmap.28.The reader wireless device of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the reader wireless device to:receive, via the waveform, a small data indicator comprising a status report indicating whether the wireless device supports small data transmission.29.A method for wireless communications at a wireless device, comprising:receiving, from a reader wireless device, a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device;transmitting, based at least in part on receiving the trigger message, a waveform comprising a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier of the wireless device; andreceiving, from the reader wireless device based at least in part on transmitting the waveform, a feedback message comprising a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device.30.A method for wireless communications at a reader wireless device, comprising:transmitting, to a wireless device, a trigger message associated with an inventory procedure for triggering reporting that one or more wireless devices are within a coverage range of the reader wireless device;receiving, based at least in part on transmitting the trigger message, a waveform comprising a sequence of bits corresponding to an application layer identifier associated with the wireless device; andtransmitting, to the wireless device based at least in part on receiving the waveform, a feedback message comprising a layer one identifier associated with the wireless device.