Liquid-fertilizer ready agrochemical formulations

Abstract

Liquid-fertilizer ready (LFR) agrochemical compositions including corn steep liquor are disclosed. The compositions include an agrochemical active ingredient, a dispersant, a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent including corn steep liquor, a freeze-thaw stabilizer, and optionally a preservative.

Description

[0001] LIQUID-FERTILIZER READY AGROCHEMICAL FORMULATIONS CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [1] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.63 / 594,496, filed October 31, 2023, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. TECHNICAL FIELD [2] The presently disclosed subject matter relates to the field of agrochemical compositions and formulations. In particular, the present disclosure includes a liquid-fertilizer ready (LFR) agrochemical composition including corn steep liquor. BACKGROUND [3] To enable the efficient elimination or control of unwanted insects in combination with providing nutrients for plants to combat adverse environmental conditions (such as heat, drought, physical contact with animals, etc.) it is desirable to formulate an effective agrochemical composition for use in preparation of agrochemical liquid fertilizers. Formulations of agrochemical composition combined with fertilizers are desirable in agricultural and related endeavors due to the multiple benefits conveyed by just one application in a single piece of equipment. One application of such a combination or formulation provides nutrients for the plant growth, while eliminating or controlling unwanted insects or fungi that can also affect the health and vitality of the desirable plants. [4] Mixtures containing insecticide compositions and liquid fertilizers have been practiced in the art, but problems with the physical stability of such mixtures have caused application and efficacy issues. When a traditional agrochemical composition is combined with a liquid fertilizer, particularly a high-phosphate starter fertilizer, the combined components (surfactants, viscosity modifiers, wetting agents) of both can cause accelerated physical degradation (phase separation) of the mixture. This physical degradation can occur in the mix tanks prior to application on the plants. Often this problem goes unnoticed and results in inconsistent application of both the fertilizer and insecticide or fungicide, yielding inadequate efficacy of both. [5] In addition, conventional mixtures containing insecticide compositions and liquid fertilizers have utilized liquid fertilizer compatibility agents such as silicas and clays. However, the use of silicas and clays presents dust-related safety issues such as dust explosivity and dust exposure to operators. Thus, there is a need for improved mixtures containing insecticide or fungicide compositions and liquid fertilizers. SUMMARY [6] In one aspect, the present disclosure is directed to an agrochemical composition that includes a) an agrochemical active ingredient; b) a dispersant; and c) a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent including corn steep liquor. [7] In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to an agrochemical composition that includes a) an agrochemical active ingredient; b) a dispersant; c) a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent including corn steep liquor and optionally a thickener; d) a freeze-thaw stabilizer; and optionally, e) a preservative. [8] In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a method of preparing a composition, the method including forming a mixture that includes a) an agrochemical active ingredient; b) a dispersant; and c) a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent including corn steep liquor. [9] In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a method of preparing a composition, the method including forming a mixture that includes a) an agrochemical active ingredient; b) a dispersant; c) a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent including corn steep liquor; d) a freeze-thaw stabilizer; and optionally, e) a preservative.

[0010] In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a method for controlling a pest, the method including contacting the pest or its environment with a composition that includes a) an agrochemical active ingredient; b) a dispersant; and c) a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent including corn steep liquor.

[0011] In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a method for controlling a pest, the method including contacting the pest or its environment with a composition that includes a) an agrochemical active ingredient; b) a dispersant; c) a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent including corn steep liquor; d) a freeze-thaw stabilizer; and optionally, e) a preservative. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] This written description uses examples to illustrate the present disclosure, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, including making and using any compositions or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the disclosure is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.

[0013] As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having,” “contains”, “containing,” “characterized by” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, subject to any limitation explicitly indicated. For example, a composition, mixture, process or method that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, mixture, process or method.

[0014] The transitional phrase “consisting of” excludes any element, step, or ingredient not specified. If in the claim, such would close the claim to the inclusion of materials other than those recited except for impurities ordinarily associated therewith. When the phrase “consisting of” appears in a clause of the body of a claim, rather than immediately following the preamble, it limits only the element set forth in that clause; other elements are not excluded from the claim as a whole.

[0015] The transitional phrase “consisting essentially of” is used to define a composition or method that includes materials, steps, features, components, or elements, in addition to those literally disclosed, provided that these additional materials, steps, features, components, or elements do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the claimed invention. The term “consisting essentially of” occupies a middle ground between “comprising” and “consisting of”. The use of “consisting essentially of” herein allows the applicant, as lexicographer, to define the invention being claimed by excluding any material, step, feature ... that is considered by the applicant to be non-critical to the claimed invention, but which may be known in the prior art and otherwise can be included in the invention being claimed, whether or not such inclusion or exclusion is specifically described in the specification. Exclusion of any material, step, feature ... by the applicant may be for the sole purpose of excluding elements of the prior art that affect the novelty and, therefore, the patentability of the invention being claimed. As such, the use of “consisting essentially of” herein does not require explicit support from the specification to exclude any element of the prior art from the invention being claimed if inclusion of said element is detrimental to the patentability of the invention claimed.

[0016] Where an invention or a portion thereof is defined with an open-ended term such as “comprising,” it should be readily understood that (unless otherwise stated) the description should be interpreted to also describe such an invention using the terms “consisting essentially of” or “consisting of.”

[0017] Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, “or” refers to an inclusive or and not to an exclusive or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).

[0018] Also, the indefinite articles “a” and “an” preceding an element or component of the invention are intended to be nonrestrictive regarding the number of instances (i.e. occurrences) of the element or component. Therefore “a” or “an” should be read to include one or at least one, and the singular word form of the element or component also includes the plural unless the number is obviously meant to be singular.

[0019] As used herein, “wt%” refers to the weight percent of the recited component relative to the total weight of the recited composition.

[0020] As used herein, the term “invertebrate pest” includes arthropods, gastropods, nematodes and helminths of economic importance as pests. The term “arthropod” includes insects, mites, spiders, scorpions, centipedes, millipedes, pill bugs and symphylans. The term “gastropod” includes snails, slugs and other Stylommatophora. The term “nematode” includes members of the phylum Nematoda, such as phytophagous nematodes and helminth nematodes parasitizing animals. The term “helminth” includes all of the parasitic worms, such as roundworms (phylum Nematoda), heartworms (phylum Nematoda, class Secernentea), flukes (phylum Platyhelminthes, class Tematoda), acanthocephalans (phylum Acanthocephala), and tapeworms (phylum Platyhelminthes, class Cestoda).

[0021] As used herein, “invertebrate pest control” means inhibition of invertebrate pest development (including mortality, feeding reduction, and / or mating disruption), and related expressions are defined analogously.

[0022] As used herein, the term “agronomic” refers to the production of field; crops such as for food and fiber and includes the growth of maize or corn, soybeans and other legumes, rice, cereal (e.g., wheat, oats, barley, rye and rice), leafy vegetables (e.g., lettuce, cabbage, and other cole crops), fruiting vegetables (e.g., tomatoes, pepper, eggplant, crucifers and cucurbits), potatoes, sweet potatoes, grapes, cotton, tree fruits (e.g., pome, stone and citrus), small fruit (e.g., berries and cherries) and other specialty crops (e.g., canola, sunflower and olives).

[0023] As used herein, the term “nonagronomic” refers to other than field crops, such as horticultural crops (e.g., greenhouse, nursery or ornamental plants not grown in a field), residential, agricultural, commercial and industrial structures, turf (e.g., sod farm, pasture, golf course, lawn, sports field, etc.), wood products, stored product, agro-forestry and vegetation management, public health (i.e. human) and animal health (e.g., domesticated animals such as pets, livestock and poultry, undomesticated animals such as wildlife) applications.

[0024] As used herein, the term “crop vigor” refers to rate of growth or biomass accumulation of a crop plant. An “increase in vigor” refers to an increase in growth or biomass accumulation in a crop plant relative to an untreated control crop plant. The term “crop yield” refers to the return on crop material, in terms of both quantity and quality, obtained after harvesting a crop plant. An “increase in crop yield” refers to an increase in crop yield relative to an untreated control crop plant.

[0025] As used herein, the term “biologically effective amount” refers to the amount of an active ingredient sufficient to produce the desired biological effect when applied to (i.e. contacted with) a pest to be controlled or its environment, or to a plant, the seed from which the plant is grown, or the locus of the plant (e.g., growth medium) to protect the plant from injury by the pest or for other desired effect (e.g., increasing plant vigor).

[0026] As used herein, nonagronomic applications include protecting an animal from an invertebrate parasitic pest by administering a parasiticidally effective amount of an active ingredient, typically in the form of a composition formulated for veterinary use, to the animal to be protected. As referred to in the present disclosure and claims, the terms “parasiticidal” and “parasiticidally” refers to observable effects on an invertebrate parasite pest to provide protection of an animal from the pest. Parasiticidal effects typically relate to diminishing the occurrence or activity of the target invertebrate parasitic pest. Such effects on the pest include necrosis, death, retarded growth, diminished mobility or lessened ability to remain on or in the host animal, reduced feeding and inhibition of reproduction. These effects on invertebrate parasite pests provide control (including prevention, reduction or elimination) of parasitic infestation or infection of the animal.

[0027] The modifier “about” is used herein to indicate that certain preferred operating ranges, such as ranges for molar ratios for reactants, material amounts, and temperature, are not fixedly determined. The meaning will often be apparent to one of ordinary skill. For example, a recitation of a temperature range of about 120°C to about 135°C in reference to, for example, an organic chemical reaction would be interpreted to include other like temperatures that can be expected to favor a useful reaction rate for the reaction, such as 105°C or 150°C. Where guidance from the experience of those of ordinary skill is lacking, guidance from the context is lacking, and where a more specific rule is not recited below, the “about” range shall be not more than 10% of the absolute value of an end point or 10% of the range recited, whichever is less.

[0028] The term “ambient temperature” as utilized herein shall mean any suitable temperature found in a laboratory or other working environment, and is generally not below about 15°C nor above about 30°C.

[0029] In accordance with the present disclosure, it has now surprisingly been found that an agrochemical composition including corn steep liquor as a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent significantly improves physical stability when used to prepare an agrochemical liquid fertilizer. In addition to liquid fertilizer compatibility, corn steep liquor is itself an organic fertilizer, and thus provides nutrients to plants as well as feeding stock for beneficial soil microbials to grow. Corn steep liquor is also bio-renewable and sustainable. Therefore, the use of corn steep liquor as a fertilizer compatibility agent provides significant benefits not previously observed in the art.

[0030] Accordingly, in one aspect, the present disclosure provides an agrochemical composition that includes an agrochemical active ingredient, a dispersant, and a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent comprising corn steep liquor. Another aspect is directed to an agrochemical composition that includes an agrochemical active ingredient; a dispersant; a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent comprising corn steep liquor; a freeze-thaw stabilizer; and optionally, a preservative.

[0031] “Dispersants”, or “dispersing agents”, are substances added to a suspension of solid particles, typically a colloidal suspension, to improve the separation of the particles and to decrease or prevent settling or clumping. As used herein, the term “dispersants” includes those dispersant substances having a bona fide polymeric structure. In one embodiment, the dispersants include synthetic homopolymers or copolymers.

[0032] In one aspect, the dispersants in the compositions provided herein are selected from sulfonated aromatic polymer sodium salts, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate condensate sodium salts, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate salts, naphthalene sulfonate salts, naphthalene sulfonate condensates, naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensates, naphthalenesulfonic acid polymers with formaldehyde and sodium, naphthalene sulfonate condensate sodium salts, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate- formaldehyde condensate salts, and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the dispersant is selected from sodium lignosulfonate, calcium lignosulfonate, lignosulfonic acid sodium salt, lignosulfonic acid, and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the dispersant is selected from Atlox 4913, AtlasTMG-5000, Morwet D425, and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the dispersant is selected from alkyl naphthalene sulfonate condensates (e.g. Morwet D-400 and Morwet D-809), lignin sulfonates (e.g. Reax 88B and Polyfon F), blends of lignin and naphthalene sulfonates (e.g. Morwet D-360 and Morwet D-390), Morwet D-500 (blend of Morwet D-425 and block copolymer), phenol sulfonate condensates (e.g. Vultamol®DN), polyacrylic acids, polymethacrylic acids, polyacrylates (e.g. Agrilan 789 and Agrilan 700), polyacrylate graft copolymers (e.g. Dispersogen ACP 120), sodium salt of fatty acid methyl tauride (e.g. Hostapon TPHC), sodium salt of a cresol-formaldehyde condensation product (e.g. Dispersogen 1494), styrene acrylic copolymers (e.g. Metasperse 550S), phosphate esters, alkoxylate fatty alcohol phosphate esters (e.g. Crodafos C10 / 5A and Dextrol OC-180), aryl phenol ethoxylate phosphate esters (e.g. Soprophor FLK), aryl phenol ethoxylate sulfate esters (e.g. Soprophor 4D384), maleic acid / acrylic acid copolymers (e.g. Sokalan® CP 5 and Sokalan® CP 7), maleic acid / olefin copolymer (e.g. Sokalan® CP 9), alkyl diphenyloxide sulfonates (e.g. Dowfax 3B2 and Dowfax C10L), ethoxylated phosphate ester salts, and salts of vinyl ether polymers and copolymers (e.g. EasySperseTMP-20), sugar-derivatives such as sucrose esters, alkyl polyglycosides and alkyl polysaccharides.

[0033] In one aspect, the dispersants in the compositions provided herein are selected from polyacrylic acids, polymethacrylic acids, other acidic polymers, particularly polymers bearing carboxylic acid (CO2H) groups, copolymers thereof, salts thereof, and combinations thereof. The SOKALAN® products of BASF Corporation are representative dispersants. A preferred product is SOKALAN® PA 30 CL polyacrylic acid dispersant, which is an aqueous dispersion of a low molecular weight polyacrylic acid, fully neutralized as the sodium salt, having an average molecular weight of about 8000 Daltons. Preferably, the average molecular weight of the dispersant is between about 1000 and about 100,000 Daltons. In one embodiment the average molecular weight is from about 1000 to about 10,000 Daltons. In one embodiment the average molecular weight of the dispersant is about 8000 Daltons. Salts of the dispersant can include, without limitation, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, sodium, potassium, and the like. Salts can also comprise mixtures of various cations.

[0034] In another embodiment, the dispersant is selected from copolymers, salts, and combinations of any of the foregoing.

[0035] In another embodiment, the dispersant is selected from potassium salts of any of the foregoing. In another embodiment, the dispersant is selected from Dextrol OC 180, Surfom SC 8216, Stepfac 8181K, or any combination thereof.

[0036] As used herein, the term “liquid fertilizer compatibility agent” may also include suspension agents, thickeners, and / or thickening agents.

[0037] In one embodiment, the liquid fertilizer compatibility agent further includes a clay. In one embodiment, the clay is selected from montmorillonite, attapulgite, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the clay has an average particle size of about 0.1 micron. The ATTAFLOW® products of BASF Corporation are representative. A preferred product is ATTAFLOW® FL, which is an aqueous suspension of attapulgite.

[0038] In one embodiment, the liquid fertilizer compatibility agent further includes a silica, such as colloidal silica. Colloidal silicas include, but are not limited to, fumed silicas. In one embodiment, the fumed silica is a hydrophilic fumed silica. The AERODISP® products of Evonik Industries are representative. A preferred product is AERODISP® W 7512 S, which is an aqueous dispersion of hydrophilic fumed silica. Fumed silicas form colloidal suspensions having desirable thickening, suspending and stabilizing properties in agricultural formulations.

[0039] In one embodiment, the liquid fertilizer compatibility agent further includes a cellulose.

[0040] In one embodiment, the liquid fertilizer compatibility agent further comprises thickeners, clays, silicas, celluloses, microfibrillated cellulose, gum arabic, or combinations thereof.

[0041] In one embodiment, the liquid fertilizer compatibility agent further comprises microfibrillated cellulose, and gum arabic

[0042] In one aspect, the agrochemical composition includes a) about 0.1% to about 40%, preferably about 5% to about 35%, more preferably about 10% to about 30%, still more preferably about 15% to about 25% of an agrochemical active ingredient; b) about 0.1 to about 30%, preferably about 0.2% to about 20%, more preferably about 1% to about 15% of a dispersant; and c) 0.1% to about 70%, preferably about 0.5% to about 65%, more preferably about 5% to about 30%, still more preferably about 10% to about 20% of a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent comprising corn steep liquor; where all % are % by weight based on the total weight of all components in the composition.

[0043] Optionally, the composition further includes one or more additives selected from freeze-thaw stabilizers, surfactants, wetting agents, anti-foam agents, preservatives and biocides. In one embodiment, the surfactant is selected from anionic surfactants, alkyl d-glucopyranosides and mixtures of two or more thereof. In one embodiment, the alkyl d-glucopyranoside surfactant includes a mixture of C9-C11alkyl d-glucopyranosides. The AGNIQUE® products of BASF Corporation are representative. A preferred product is AGNIQUE® PG9116UP, which is a mixture of C9-C11alkyl d-glucopyranosides, having a degree of polymerization of about 1.6 and a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of about 13.1. In one embodiment, the anionic surfactant includes an alkylbenzene sulfonic acid salt, preferably a sodium salt. Representative anionic surfactants include the STEPWET® products of Stepan Corporation. A preferred product is STEPWET® DF-90, which is the sodium salt of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid.

[0044] In one embodiment, the freeze-thaw stabilizer includes a polyalkylene glycol, preferably propylene glycol, present in an amount from about 1% to about 10% by weight, preferably about 5% to about 10% by weight of the total of all components in the composition, preferably about 9% by weight. In one embodiment, the freeze-thaw stabilizer includes glycerin, propylene glycol, urea, ammonium sulfate, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the freeze-thaw stabilizer includes ammonium sulfate (AMS), and is present in an amount from about 1% to about 10% by weight, preferably about 5% to about 10% by weight. In one embodiment, AMS is present in about 9% by weight. AMS provides additional benefits to the formulation by also serving as a fertilizer and as a density modifier for the aqueous formulation. “Freeze-thaw stabilizers” are also known as “antifreeze agents”.

[0045] In an embodiment, the anti-foam agent includes an alkylcyclotetrasiloxane, preferably an octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane silicone emulsion, for example, DOW CORNING®AF Emulsion or DOWCORNING®ANTIFOAM C Emulsion (Dow Corning Corporation). When present, the anti-foam agent is present in an amount of from about 0.001% to about 1% by weight of all the components in the total formulation.

[0046] The preservative can be an isothiazolinone or a mixture of isothiazolinones, for example, KATHON®CG / ICP preservative (a mixture of 5- chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one), or LEGEND®MK preservative (Rohm and Haas Corporation), or PROXELTMBR preservative (Avecia Corporation). When present, the preservative is present in an amount of from about 0.001% to about 1% by weight of the total of all components in the formulation. Preservatives include, but are not limited to, biocidal compounds, antimicrobial compounds, and the like.

[0047] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an agrochemical composition that includes a) an agrochemical active ingredient; b) a dispersant; c) a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent comprising corn steep liquor; d) an anionic surfactant; e) a freeze-thaw stabilizing agent; and f) a preservative. In one embodiment, the anionic surfactant includes an alkylbenzene sulfonic acid salt, preferably sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. In one embodiment, the freeze-thaw stabilizing agent includes ammonium sulfate. In one embodiment, the preservative includes an isothiazolinone or mixture of isothiazolinones.

[0048] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an agrochemical composition that includes from about 0.1% to about 40% of an agrochemical active ingredient, preferably from about 15% to about 25%; from about 0.2% to about 20% of a dispersant; and from about 1% to about 20% of a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent comprising corn steep liquor, wherein all % are % by weight based on the total weight of all components in the composition.

[0049] The term “liquid fertilizer” refers to a fertilizer in a fluid or liquid form containing various ratios of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium (for example, but not limited to, 10% nitrogen, 34% phosphorous and 0% potassium) and micronutrients, commonly known as starter fertilizers that are high in phosphorus and promote rapid and vigorous root growth. Liquid fertilizers are commonly aqueous- based. As used herein, the term “aqueous-based” indicates that the predominant solvent or vehicle is water.

[0050] The agrochemical active ingredient may be selected from insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, nematicides, plant growth regulators (PGR), pheromones, biologicals, and combinations thereof.

[0051] Suitable insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, nematicides, and pheromones of the compositions and methods of the present disclosure can include the following:

[0052] Insecticides: A0) various insecticides, including agrigata, al-phosphide, amblyseius, aphelinus, aphidius, aphidoletes, artimisinin, autographa californica NPV, azocyclotin, Bacillus subtilis (e.g., strain RTI477), Bacillus thuringiensis (e.g., strain RTI545), Bacillus thuringiensis- spp. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis spp. kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus licheniformis (e.g., strain RTI184), Bacillus paralicheniformis, Bacillus velezensis (e.g., strain RTI301), Beauveria, Beauveria bassiana, betacyfluthrin, biologicals, bisultap, brofluthrinate, bromophos-e, bromopropylate, Bt-Corn-GM, Bt-Soya-GM, capsaicin, cartap, celastrus-extract, chlorantraniliprole, chlorbenzuron, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfluazuron, chlorpyrifos-e, cnidiadin, cryolite, cyanophos, cyantraniliprole, cyhalothrin, cyhexatin, cypermethrin, dacnusa, DCIP, dichloropropene, dicofol, diglyphus, diglyphus+dacnusa, dimethacarb, dithioether, dodecyl-acetate, emamectin, encarsia, EPN, eretmocerus, ethylene-dibromide, eucalyptol, fatty-acids, fatty-acids / salts, fenazaquin, fenobucarb (BPMC), fenpyroximate, flubrocythrinate, flufenzine, formetanate, formothion, furathiocarb, gamma-cyhalothrin, garlic-juice, granulosis-virus, harmonia, heliothis armigera NPV, inactive bacterium, indol-3-ylbutyric acid, iodomethane, iron, isocarbofos, isofenphos, isofenphos-m, isoprocarb, isothioate, kaolin, lindane, liuyangmycin, matrine, mephosfolan, metaldehyde, metarhizium-anisopliae, methamidophos, metolcarb (MTMC), mineral-oil, mirex, m-isothiocyanate, monosultap, myrothecium verrucaria, naled, neochrysocharis formosa, nicotine, nicotinoids, oil, oleic-acid, omethoate, orius, oxymatrine, paecilomyces, paraffin-oil, parathion-e, pasteuria, petroleum-oil, pheromones, phosphorus-acid, photorhabdus, phoxim, phytoseiulus, pirimiphos-e, plant-oil, plutella xylostella GV, polyhedrosis- virus, polyphenol-extracts, potassium-oleate, profenofos, prosuler, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyrethrins, pyridaphenthion, pyrimidifen, pyriproxifen, quillay-extract, quinomethionate, rape-oil, rotenone, saponin, saponozit, sodium-compounds, sodium- fluosilicate, starch, steinernema, streptomyces, sulfluramid, sulphur, tebupirimfos, tefluthrin, temephos, tetradifon, thiofanox, thiometon, transgenics (e.g., Cry3Bb1), triazamate, trichoderma, trichogramma, triflumuron, verticillium, vertrine, isomeric insecticides (e.g., kappa-bifenthrin, kappa-tefluthrin), dichoromezotiaz, broflanilide, pyraziflumid; A1) the class of carbamates, including aldicarb, alanycarb, benfuracarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, methiocarb, methomyl, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur and thiodicarb; A2) the class of organophosphates, including acephate, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos / DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, disulfoton, ethion, fenitrothion, fenthion, isoxathion, malathion, methamidaphos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, oxymethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, pirimiphos-methyl, quinalphos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, triazophos and trichlorfon; A3) the class of cyclodiene organochlorine compounds such as endosulfan; A4) the class of fiproles, including ethiprole, fipronil, pyrafluprole and pyriprole; A5) the class of neonicotinoids, including acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam; A6) the class of spinosyns such as spinosad and spinetoram; A7) chloride channel activators from the class of mectins, including abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin and milbemectin; A8) juvenile hormone mimics such as hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, fenoxycarb and pyriproxyfen; A9) selective homopteran feeding blockers such as pymetrozine, flonicamid and pyrifluquinazon; A10) mite growth inhibitors such as clofentezine, hexythiazox and etoxazole; A11) inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase such as diafenthiuron, fenbutatin oxide and propargite; uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation such as chlorfenapyr; A12) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers such as bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam and thiosultap sodium; A13) inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 0 from the benzoylurea class, including bistrifluron, diflubenzuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron and teflubenzuron; A14) inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 1 such as buprofezin; A15) moulting disruptors such as cyromazine; A16) ecdyson receptor agonists such as methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, halofenozide and chromafenozide; A17) octopamin receptor agonists such as amitraz; A18) mitochondrial complex electron transport inhibitors pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, flufenerim, cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen, hydramethylnon, acequinocyl or fluacrypyrim;A19) voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers such as indoxacarb and metaflumizone; A20) inhibitors of the lipid synthesis such as spirodiclofen, spiromesifen and spirotetramat; A21) ryanodine receptor-modulators from the class of diamides, including flubendiamide, the phthalamide compounds (R)-3-Chlor-N1-{2- methyl-4-[1,2,2,2 - tetrafluor-1- (trifluormethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamid and (S)-3-Chlor-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2 - tetrafluor-1-(trifluormethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2- (1- methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamid, chloranthraniliprole and cy- anthraniliprole; A22) compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action such as azadirachtin, amidoflumet, bifenazate, fluensulfone, piperonyl butoxide, pyridalyl, sulfoxaflor; or A23) sodium channel modulators from the class of pyrethroids, including acrinathrin, allethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cyper- methrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, tau-fluvalinate, permethrin, silafluofen and tralomethrin.

[0053] Fungicides: B0) benzovindiflupyr, anitiperonosporic, ametoctradin, amisulbrom, copper salts (e.g., copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate, copper persulfate), boscalid, thiflumazide, flutianil, furalaxyl, thiabendazole, benodanil, mepronil, isofetamid, fenfuram, bixafen, fluxapyroxad, penflufen, sedaxane, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, flufenoxystrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyrametostrobin, triclopyricarb, fenaminstrobin, metominostrobin, pyribencarb, meptyldinocap, fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide, oxytetracycline, chlozolinate, chloroneb, tecnazene, etridiazole, iodocarb, prothiocarb, Bacillus subtilis syn., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (e.g., strains QST 713, FZB24, MBI600, D747), extract from Melaleuca alternifolia, pyrisoxazole, oxpoconazole, etaconazole, fenpyrazamine, naftifine, terbinafine, validamycin, pyrimorph, valifenalate, fthalide, probenazole, isotianil, laminarin, estract from Reynoutria sachalinensis, phosphorous acid and salts, teclofthalam, triazoxide, pyriofenone, organic oils, potassium bicarbonate, chlorothalonil, fluoroimide; B1) azoles, including bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, enilconazole, epoxiconazole, fluquinconazole, fenbuconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triticonazole, prochloraz, pefurazoate, imazalil, triflumizole, cyazofamid, benomyl, carbendazim, thia- bendazole, fuberidazole, ethaboxam, etridiazole and hymexazole, azaconazole, diniconazole-M, oxpoconazol, paclobutrazol, uniconazol, 1-(4-chloro- phenyl)-2-([1 ,2,4]triazol-1-yl)-cycloheptanol and imazalilsulfphate; B2) strobilurins, including azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, methominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, enestroburin, methyl (2-chloro-5-[1-(3- methylbenzyloxyimino)ethyl]benzyl)carbamate, methyl (2-chloro-5-[1-(6- methylpyridin-2-ylmethoxyimino)ethyl]benzyl)carbamate and methyl 2-(ortho-(2,5- dimethylphenyloxymethylene)- phenyl)-3-methoxyacrylate, 2-(2-(6-(3-chloro-2- methyl-phenoxy)-5-fluoro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy)-phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-methyl- acetamide and 3-methoxy-2-(2-(N-(4-methoxy-phenyl)- cyclopropanecarboximidoylsulfanylmethyl)-phenyl)-acrylic acid methyl ester; B3) carboxamides, including carboxin, benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, fenhexamid, flutolanil, furametpyr, mepronil, metalaxyl, mefenoxam, ofurace, oxadixyl, oxycarboxin, penthiopyrad, isopyrazam, thifluzamide, tiadinil, 3,4-dichloro-N-(2- cyanophenyl)isothiazole-5-carboxamide, dimethomorph, flumorph, flumetover, fluopicolide (picobenzamid), zoxamide, carpropamid, diclocymet, mandipropamid, N-(2- (4-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-ynyloxy]-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-2- methanesulfonyl-amino-3-methylbutyramide, N-(2-(4-[3-(4-chloro- phenyl)prop-2- ynyloxy]-3-methoxy-phenyl)ethyl)-2-ethanesulfonylamino- 3-methylbutyramide, methyl 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-isopropoxycarbonyl- amino-3-methyl- butyrylamino)propionate, N-(4'-bromobiphenyl-2-yl)-4-difluoromethyl^- methylthiazole-δ-carboxamide, N-(4'-trifluoromethyl- biphenyl-2-yl)-4- difluoromethyl-2-methylthiazole-5-carboxamide, N-(4'- chloro-3'-fluorobiphenyl-2- yl)-4-difluoromethyl-2-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxamide, N-(3\4'-dichloro-4- fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoro-methyl-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',4'- dichloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2-cyano-phenyl)- 3,4-dichloroisothiazole-5-carboxamide, 2-amino-4-methyl- thiazole-5-carboxanilide, 2-chloro-N-(1 ,1 ,3-trimethyl-indan-4-yl)-nicotinamide, N- (2- (1 ,3-dimethylbutyl)-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1 H-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, N-(4'-chloro-3',5-difluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-I H-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, N-(4'-chloro-3',5-difluoro-biphenyl- 2-yl)-3-trifluoromethyl-1 -methyl- 1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',4'- dichloro-5-fluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-3- trifluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, N-(3',5-difluoro-4'-methyl- biphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl- 1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',5- difluoro-4'-methyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-trifluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, N- (cis-2-bicyclopropyl-2-yl-phenyl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1H- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(trans-2-bicyclopropyl-2-yl-phenyl)-3-difluoro-methyl-1- methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, fluopyram, N-(3-ethyl-3,5-5- trimethyl- cyclohexyl)-3-formylamino-2-hydroxy-benzamide, oxytetracyclin, silthiofam, N-(6- methoxy-pyridin-3-yl) cyclopropanecarboxamide, 2- iodo-N-phenyl-benzamide, N- (2-bicyclo-propyl-2-yl-phenyl)-3- difluormethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4',5'- trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-5-fluoropyrazol-4-yl-carboxamide, N-(3',4',5'- trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-chloro-1,3-dimethyl- pyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4',5'- trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3- fluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4',5'- trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(chlorofluoromethyl)-1-methylpyrazol-4- ylcarboxamide,N- (3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4- ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-5-fluoro-1-methylpyrazol-4- ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2- yl)-5-chloro-3-difluoromethyl-1 - methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N- (3', 4', 5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3- (chlorodifluoromethyl)-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4',5'- trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N- (3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)- 5-fluoro-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-4- ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-chloro-1-methyl-3- trifluoromethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(2',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1 ,3- dimethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(2',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)- 1 ,3-dimethyl- 5-fluoropyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(2',4',5'- trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-chloro-1 ,3- dimethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N- (2',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-fluoromethyl- 1-methylpyrazol-4- ylcarboxamide, N-(2',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3- (chlorofluoromethyl)- 1 -methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(2',4',5'- trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N- (2',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-5- fluoro-1-methylpyrazol-4- ylcarboxamide, N-(2',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2- yl)-5-chloro-3-difluoromethyl-1 - methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N- (2',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3- (chlorodifluoromethyl)-1 -methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(2',4',5'- trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3- trifluoromethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N- (2',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)- 5-fluoro-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-4- ylcarboxamide, N-(2',4',5'- trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-chloro-1-methyl-3- trifluoromethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4'-dichloro-3-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1 - methyl-3- trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',4'-dichloro-3- fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1 -methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N- (3',4'-difluoro-3-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, N-(3',4'-difluoro-3-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-S-difluoromethyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3'-chloro-4'- fluoro-3-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl- 3-difluoromethyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',4'-dichloro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2- yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1 H- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',4'-difluoro-4- fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1 - methyl-S-trifluoromethyl-I H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N- (3',4'-dichloro-4- fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1 -methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1 H-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, N-(3',4'-difluoro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1 H- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3'-chloro-4'-fluoro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl- S-difluoromethyl-I H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',4'-dichloro-5- fluorobiphenyl-2- yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1 H-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, N-(3',4'-difluoro-5- fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1 H- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N- (3',4'-dichloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1 - methyl-S-difluoromethyl-I H-pyrazole- carboxamide, N-(3',4'-difluoro-5- fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1 -methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',4'-dichloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3'-chloro-4'-fluoro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3- difluoromethyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-fluoro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1 - methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-fluoro- 5- fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(4'- chloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1 H- pyrazole-4- carboxamide, N-(4'-methyl-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1 H- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-fluoro-5- fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-1 H- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'- chloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-1 H- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-methyl-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-1 H- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-fluoro-6-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3- trifluoromethyl-1 H- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-chloro-6-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1- methyl-3- trifluoromethyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-[2-(1 ,1 ,2,3,3,3- hexafluoropropoxy)-phenyl]-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, N-[4'-(trifluoromethylthio)-biphenyl-2-yl]-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide and N-[4'-(trifluoromethylthio)-biphenyl-2-yl]-1-methyl- 3-trifluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; B4) heterocyclic compounds, including fluazinam, pyrifenox, bupirimate, cyprodinil, fenarimol, ferimzone, mepanipyrim, nuarimol, pyrimethanil, triforine, fenpiclonil, fludioxonil, aldimorph, dodemorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin, famoxadone, fenamidone, octhilinone, proben- azole, 5- chloro-7-(4-methyl-piperidin-1 -yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine, anilazine, diclomezine, pyroquilon, proquinazid, tricyclazole, 2-butoxy- 6-iodo-3-propylchromen-4-one, acibenzolar-S-methyl, captafol, captan, dazomet, folpet, fenoxanil, quinoxyfen, N,N-dimethyl-3-(3-bromo-6-fluoro-2-methylindole-1- sulfonyl)- [1 ,2,4]triazole-1-sulfonamide, 5-ethyl-6-octyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5- a]pyrimidin-2,7-diamine, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-methanesulfonyl-pyridine, 3,4,5- trichloro-pyridine-2,6-di-carbonitrile, N-(1-(5-bromo-3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-ethyl)- 2,4-dichloro-nicotinamide, N-((5-bromo-3-chloro pyridin-2-yl)-methyl)-2,4-dichloro- nicotinamide, diflumetorim, nitrapyrin, dodemorphacetate, fluoroimid, blasticidin-S, chinomethionat, debacarb, difenzoquat, difenzoquat-methylsulphat, oxolinic acid and piperalin; B5) carbamates, including mancozeb, maneb, metam, methasulphocarb, metiram, ferbam, propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram, diethofencarb, iprovalicarb, benthiavalicarb, propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochlorid, 4-fluorophenyl N-(1-(1-(4- cyanophenyl)- ethanesulfonyl)but-2-yl)carbamate, methyl 3-(4-chloro-phenyl)-3-(2- isopropoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyrylamino)propanoate; or B6) other fungicides, including guanidine, dodine, dodine free base, iminoctadine, guazatine, antibiotics: kasugamycin, oxytetracyclin and its salts, streptomycin, polyoxin, validamycin A, nitrophenyl derivatives: binapacryl, dinocap, dinobuton, sulfur- containing heterocyclyl compounds: dithianon, isoprothiolane, organometallic compounds: fentin salts, organophosphorus compounds: edifenphos, iprobenfos, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, phosphorous acid and its salts, pyrazophos, tolclofos- methyl, organochlorine compounds: dichlofluanid, flusulfamide, hexachloro- benzene, phthalide, pencycuron, quintozene, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl, tolylfluanid, others: cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, dimethirimol, ethirimol, furalaxyl, metrafenone and spiroxamine, guazatine-acetate, iminoc- tadine-triacetate, iminoctadine-tris(albesilate), kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, dichlorophen, pentachlorophenol and its salts, N-(4- chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methyl- benzenesulfonamide, dicloran, nitrothal-isopropyl, tecnazen, biphenyl, bronopol, diphenylamine, mildiomycin, oxincopper, prohexadione calcium, N- (cyclopropylmethoxyimino-(6-difluoromethoxy-2,3-difluoro-phenyl)- methyl)-2- phenyl acetamide, N'-(4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)- N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine, N'-(4-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5- dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine, N'-(2-methyl-5-trifluormethyl-4- (3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine and N'-(5- difluormethyl-2-methyl- 4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine.

[0054] Herbicides: C1) acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors (ACC), for example cyclohexenone oxime ethers, such as alloxydim, clethodim, cloproxydim, cycloxydim, sethoxydim, tralkoxydim, butroxydim, clefoxydim or tepraloxydim; phenoxyphenoxypropionic esters, such as clodinafop-propargyl, cyhalofop-butyl, diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenthiapropethyl, fluazifop- butyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-P- methyl, isoxapyrifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-P-ethyl or quizalofop-tefuryl; or arylaminopropionic acids, such as flamprop-methyl or flamprop-isopropyl; C2 acetolactate synthase inhibitors (ALS), for example imidazolinones, such as imazapyr, imazaquin, imazamethabenz-methyl (imazame), imazamox, imazapic or imazethapyr; pyrimidyl ethers, such as pyrithiobac-acid, pyrithiobac-sodium, bispyribac-sodium. KIH-6127 or pyribenzoxym; sulfonamides, such as florasulam, flumetsulam or metosulam; or sulfonylureas, such as amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron- methyl, thifensulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron, tribenuron-methyl, triflusulfuron-methyl, tritosulfuron, sulfosulfuron, foramsulfuron or iodosulfuron; C3) amides, for example allidochlor (CDAA), benzoylprop-ethyl, bromobutide, chiorthiamid. diphenamid, etobenzanidibenzchlomet), fluthiamide, fosamin or monalide; C4) auxin herbicides, for example pyridinecarboxylic acids, such as clopyralid or picloram; or 2,4-D or benazolin; C5) auxin transport inhibitors, for example naptalame or diflufenzopyr; C6) carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors, for example benzofenap, clomazone (dimethazone), diflufenican, fluorochloridone, fluridone, pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen, isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, mesotrione, sulcotrione (chlormesulone), ketospiradox, flurtamone, norflurazon or amitrol; C7) enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitors (EPSPS), for example glyphosate or sulfosate; C8) glutamine synthetase inhibitors, for example bilanafos (bialaphos) or glufosinate-ammonium; C9) lipid biosynthesis inhibitors, for example anilides, such as anilofos or mefenacet; chloroacetanilides, such as dimethenamid, S-dimethenamid, acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, butenachlor, diethatyl-ethyl, dimethachlor, metazachlor, metolachlor, S- metolachlor, pretilachlor, propachlor, prynachlor, terbuchlor, thenylchlor or xylachlor; thioureas, such as butylate, cycloate, di-allate, dimepiperate, EPTC. esprocarb, molinate, pebulate, prosulfocarb, thiobencarb (benthiocarb), tri-allate or vemolate; or benfuresate or perfluidone; C10) mitosis inhibitors, for example carbamates, such as asulam, carbetamid, chlorpropham, orbencarb, pronamid (propyzamid), propham or tiocarbazil; dinitroanilines, such as benefin, butralin, dinitramin, ethalfluralin, fluchloralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine or trifluralin; pyridines, such as dithiopyr or thiazopyr; or butamifos, chlorthal-dimethyl (DCPA) or maleic hydrazide; C11) protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitors, for example diphenyl ethers, such as acifluorfen, acifluorfen-sodium, aclonifen, bifenox, chlomitrofen (CNP), ethoxyfen, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, fomesafen, furyloxyfen, lactofen, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen or oxyfluorfen; oxadiazoles, such as oxadiargyl or oxadiazon; cyclic imides, such as azafenidin, butafenacil, carfentrazone-ethyl, cinidon-ethyl, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, flumipropyn, flupropacil, fluthiacet-methyl, sulfentrazone or thidiazimin; or pyrazoles, such as ET-751.JV 485 or nipyraclofen; C12) photosynthesis inhibitors, for example propanil, pyridate or pyridafol; benzothiadiazinones, such as bentazone; dinitrophenols, for example bromofenoxim, dinoseb, dinoseb-acetate, dinoterb or DNOC; dipyridylenes, such as cyperquat- chloride, difenzoquat-methylsulfate, diquat or paraquat-dichloride; ureas, such as chlorbromuron, chlorotoluron, difenoxuron, dimefuron, diuron, ethidimuron, fenuron, fluometuron, isoproturon, isouron, linuron, methabenzthiazuron, methazole, metobenzuron, metoxuron, monolinuron, neburon, siduron or tebuthiuron; phenols, such as bromoxynil or ioxynil; chloridazon; triazines, such as ametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, desmein, dimethamethryn, hexazinone, prometon, prometryn, propazine, simazine, simetryn, terbumeton, terbutryn, terbutylazine or trietazine; triazinones, such as metamitron or metribuzin; uracils, such as bromacil, lenacil or terbacil; or biscarbamates, such as desmedipham or phenmedipham; C13) synergists, for example oxiranes, such as tridiphane; C14) CIS cell wall synthesis inhibitors, for example isoxaben or dichlobenil; C15) various other herbicides, for example dichloropropionic acids, such as dalapon; dihydrobenzofurans, such as ethofumesate; phenylacetic acids, such as chlorfenac (fenac); or aziprotryn, barban, bensulide, benzthiazuron, benzofluor, buminafos, buthidazole, buturon, cafenstrole, chlorbufam, chlorfenprop- methyl, chloroxuron, cinmethylin, cumyluron, cycluron, cyprazine, cyprazole, dibenzyluron, dipropetryn, dymron, eglinazin-ethyl, endothall, ethiozin, flucabazone, fluorbentranil, flupoxam, isocarbamid, isopropalin, karbutilate, mefluidide, monuron, napropamide, napropanilide, nitralin, oxaciclomefone, phenisopham, piperophos, procyazine, profluralin, pyributicarb, secbumeton, sulfallate (CDEC), terbucarb, triaziflam, triazofenamid or trimeturon; or their environmentally compatible salts.

[0055] Nematicides or bionematicides: Benomyl, cloethocarb, aldoxycarb, tirpate, diamidafos, fenamiphos, cadusafos, dichlofenthion, ethoprophos, fensulfothion, fosthiazate, heterophos, isamidofof, isazofos, phosphocarb, thionazin, imicyafos, mecarphon, acetoprole, benclothiaz, chloropicrin, dazomet, fluensulfone, 1,3-dichloropropene (telone), dimethyl disulfide, metam sodium, metam potassium, metam salt (all MITC generators), methyl bromide, biological soil amendments (e.g., mustard seeds, mustard seed extracts), steam fumigation of soil, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), dimethyl sulfate, furfual (aldehyde).

[0056] Suitable plant growth regulators of the present disclosure include the following: Plant Growth Regulators: D1) Antiauxins, such as clofibric acid, 2,3,5-tri- iodobenzoic acid; D2) Auxins such as 4-CPA, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DEP, dichlorprop, fenoprop , IAA ,IBA, naphthaleneacetamide, α-naphthaleneacetic acids, 1-naphthol, naphthoxyacetic acids, potassium naphthenate, sodium naphthenate, 2,4,5-T; D3) cytokinins, such as 2iP, benzyladenine, 4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol, kinetin, zeatin; D4) defoliants, such as calcium cyanamide, dimethipin, endothal, ethephon, merphos, metoxuron, pentachlorophenol, thidiazuron, tribufos; D5) ethylene inhibitors, such as aviglycine, 1-methylcyclopropene; D6) ethylene releasers, such as ACC, etacelasil,ethephon, glyoxime; D7) gametocides, such as fenridazon, maleic hydrazide; D8) gibberellins, such as gibberellins, gibberellic acid; D9) growth inhibitors, such as abscisic acid, ancymidol, butralin, carbaryl, chlorphonium, chlorpropham, dikegulac, flumetralin, fluoridamid, fosamine, glyphosine, isopyrimol, jasmonic acid, maleic hydrazide, mepiquat, piproctanyl, prohydrojasmon, propham, tiaojiean, 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid; D10) morphactins, such as chlorfluren, chlorflurenol, dichlorflurenol, flurenol; D11) growth retardants, such as chlormequat, daminozide, flurprimidol, mefluidide, paclobutrazol, tetcyclacis, uniconazole; D12) growth stimulators, such as brassinolide, brassinolide-ethyl, DCPTA, forchlorfenuron, hymexazol, prosuler, triacontanol; D13) unclassified plant growth regulators, such as bachmedesh, benzofluor, buminafos, carvone, choline chloride, ciobutide, clofencet, cyanamide, cyclanilide, cycloheximide, cyprosulfamide, epocholeone, ethychlozate, ethylene, fuphenthiourea, furalane, heptopargil, holosulf, inabenfide, karetazan, lead arsenate, methasulfocarb, prohexadione, pydanon, sintofen, triapenthenol, trinexapac.

[0057] Pheromones: aldehyde pheromones, acetate pheromones, alcohol pheromones, ketone pheromones, epoxide pheromones, hydrocarbon pheromones, ester pheromones, Formaldehyde; 2,2-Dibromoacetaldehyde; Acetaldehyde; 2- Methyl-2-propenal; 2-Methylpropanal; 2-Propenal; 3,3-Dibromo-2-propenal; Propanal; 2-Butenal; 2-Methyl-2-butenal; 2-Methylbutanal; 2-Methylenebutanal; 3- Methyl-2-butenal; 3-Methyl-3-butenal; 3-Methylbutanal; Butanal; (E)-2-Pentenal; 2- Methylenepentanal; 2-Pentenal; 3-Methyl-1-(vinyloxy)-butane; 4-Methylpentanal; 4- Pentenal; 5-Methylfurfural; Furan-2-carbaldehyde; Pentanal; (E)-2-Hexenal; (E)-2- Methyl-2-hexenal; (E)-3-Hexenal; (E)-4-oxo-2-Hexenal; (E,E)-2,4-Dimethyl-2,4- hexadienal; (E,E)-2,4-Hexadienal; (Z)-2-Hexenal; (Z)-3-Hexenal; (Z)-4-oxo-2- Hexenal; 1-Hexenal; 2,3-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde; 2-Hexenal; 3-((E)-2-Hexenoxy)- hexanal; 3,5-Dimethylhexanal; 3-Ethoxyhexanal; 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde; 3- Hydroxyhexanal; 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde; 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde; 5-Methylhexanal; Hexanal; (1R,2S,5R)-2-Methyl-5-((R)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)- cyclopentanecarbaldehyde; (1R,2S,5S)-2-Methyl-5-((R)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)- cyclopentanecarbaldehyde; (1R,5S)-6,6-Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene-2- carbaldehyde; (1S,2S,5R)-2-Methyl-5-((R)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)- cyclopentanecarbaldehyde; (3S,8R)-2-Methyl-5-(1-formylethyl)-1-cyclopentene-1- carbaldehyde; (3S,8S)-2-Methyl-5-(1-formylethyl)-1-cyclopentene-1-carbaldehyde; (5S,8S)-2-Methyl-5-(1-formylethyl)-1-cyclopentene-1-carbaldehyde; (E)-2-(2- Hydroxyethyl)-6-methyl-2,5-heptadienal; (E)-2-(2-Hydroxyethylidene)-6-methyl-5- heptenal; (E)-2-Heptenal; (E)-2-Isopropyl-5-methyl-2-hexenal; (E)-2-Methyl-2- heptenal; (E,Z)-2,4-Heptadienal; (R)-2,6-Dimethyl-5-heptenal; (S)-4-(Prop-1-en-2- yl)-cyclohex-1-enecarbaldehyde; (Z)-2-Isopropyl-5-methyl-2-hexenal; (Z,Z)-2,4- Heptadienal; 2-(3-Methylcyclopentyl)-propanal; 2-(3-Methylcyclopentyl)-propanal; 2,3,6-Tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde; 2,3-Dibromo-4,5- dihydroxybenzaldehyde; 2,6-Dimethyl-5-heptenal; 2-Methoxybenzaldehyde; 2- Methyl-1-cyclopentenecarboxaldehyde; 2-Methyl-2-heptenal; 2-Methyl-5-(1- oxopropan-2-yl)-cyclopentanecarbaldehyde; 2-Methylcyclopent-1-enecarbaldehyde; 3,3-Dimethyl-5-oxo-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-1-carbaldehyde; 3,4- Dimethylbenzaldehyde; 3,5-Dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde; 3,5-Dibromo-4- hydroxybenzaldehyde; 3-Bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde; 3-Bromo-4- hydroxybenzaldehyde; 3-Bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde; 3- Hydroxybenzene-1,2-dicarbaldehyde; 3-Methylbenzaldehyde; 4-(Heptyloxy)-butanal; 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde; 5-(1-Formylethyl)-2-methyl-2-cyclopentene-1- carbaldehyde; 6-Methyl-5-heptenal; 6-Methylheptanal; Benzaldehyde; Cartilagineal; Cyclohexanedial; Heptanal; Taxifolial D; (1R,2S)-cis-2-Isopropenyl-1- methylcyclobutaneethanal; (1S,2R,3S)-2-(1-Formylvinyl)-5- methylcyclopentanecarbaldehyde; (1S,2S,3S)-2-(1-Formylvinyl)-5- methylcyclopentanecarbaldehyde; (2Z,6E)-8-Chloro-6-chloromethyl-2-methyl-2,6- octadienal; (4S)-(3-Oxoprop-1-en-2-yl)-cyclohex-1-enecarbaldehyde; (E)-(3,3- Dimethyl)-cyclohexylideneacetaldehyde; (E)-2-(3,3-Dimethylcyclohexylidene)- acetaldehyde; (E)-2-(4-Methyl-3-pentenyl)-butenedial; (E)-2-(4-Methyl-3- pentenylidene)-butanedial; (E)-2,7-Octadienal; (E)-2-Methyl-2-octenal; (E)-2-Methyl- 5-(3-furyl)-2-pentenal; (E)-2-Octenal; (E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal; (E)-3,7- Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal; (E)-3-Octenal; (E)-4-oxo-2-Octenal; (E)-7-Methyl-2- octenal; (E,E)-2,4-Octadienal; (E,E)-2,6-Dimethyl-8-hydroxy-2,6-octadienal; (E,E)- 2,6-Octadienal; (E,E)-2,6-Octadienedial; (E,Z)-2,4-Octadienal; (E,Z)-2,6-Octadienal; (R)-1,2-Dimethyl-3-methylenecyclopentyl-acetaldehyde; (R)-3,7-Dimethyl-6-octenal; (Z)-(3,3-Dimethyl)-cyclohexylideneacetaldehyde; (Z)-2-(3,3- Dimethylcyclohexylidene)-acetaldehyde; (Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal; (Z,E)-3,7- Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal; 1-Octenal; 2-(1-Formylvinyl)-5- methylcyclopentanecarbaldehyde; 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-oxoacetaldehyde; 2,6,6-Trimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carbaldehyde; 2-Ethyloctanal; 2-Hydroxy-6- methylbenzaldehyde; 2-Methyl benzaldehyde; 2-Methyl-5-(1-formylethyl)-1- cyclopentene-1-carbaldehyde; 2-Octenal; 2-Phenylacetaldehyde; 2-Phenylpropenal; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglyoxal; 3,7-Dimethyl-6-octenal; 3-Ethoxy-4- hydroxybenzaldehyde; 3-Ethyl benzaldehyde; 3-Isopropyl-6-methyl benzaldehyde; 3- Octenal; 3-oxo-4-Isopropylidene-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxyaldehyde; 4- Ethylbenzaldehyde; 4-Hydroxy-2-methyl benzaldehyde; 4-Hydroxy-3- methoxybenzaldehyde; 4-Isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carbaldehyde; 4-Isopropenyl- 3-oxo-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxyaldehyde; 4S-4-Isopropenyl-3-oxo-1-cyclohexene-1- carboxyaldehyde; 5-Ethylcyclopent-1-ene-carbaldehyde; 6,6- Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene-2-carbaldehyde; 6-Methyloctanal; 7- Methyloctanal; Anisomorphal; cis-2-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclobutaneethanal; Octanal; Peruphasmal; (1R,2S,6R)-2,6-Dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-2- carbaldehyde; (E)-2-Methyl-2-nonenal; (E)-2-Nonenal; (E)-3-Phenyl-2-propenal; (E)- 4,8-Nonadienal; (E)-8-Methyl-2-nonenal; (E,E)-2,4-Nonadienal; (E,E,E)-2,4,6- Nonatrienal; (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-Nonatrienal; (E,Z)-2,6-Nonadienal; (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6- Nonatrienal; (Z)-2-Methyl-2-nonenal; (Z)-3-Nonenal; (Z)-4,8-Nonadienal; (Z)-4- Nonenal; (Z)-8-Methyl-2-nonenal; 2,6-Nonadienal; 2-Formyl-3- methylcyclopenteneacetaldehyde; 2-Nonenal; 2-Phenyl-2-butenal; 3-(4- Methoxyphenyl)-2-propenal; 3,5-di-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde; 3-Phenyl-2- propenal; 3-Phenylpropanal; 6-Ethyl benzaldehyde; 7,7-Dimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept- 3-ene-3-carbaldehyde; 7-Methylnonanal; 8-Methylnonanal; 9-Acetyloxynonanal; Gibepyrone C; Nonanal; (4R,8R)-4,8-Dimethyldecanal; (4R,8S)-4,8- Dimethyldecanal; (E)-17,18,19,20-Tetranorloba-8,10,13(15)-trien-16-al; (E)-2,9- Decadienal; (E)-2-Decenal; (E)-2-Methyl-2-decenal; (E)-2-Methyl-3-(2,3-dibromo- 4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-propenal; (E)-4-oxo-2-Decenal; (E)-8-Hydroxy-4,8-dimethyl- 4,9-decadienal; (E)-9-Methyl-2-decenal; (E,E)-2,4-Decadienal; (E,Z)-2,4-Decadienal; (Z)-4-Decenal; (Z)-5-Decenal; (Z)-9-Methyl-2-decenal; (Z,Z)-2,4-Decadienal; 1- Decenal; 2-Decenal; 2-Ethyldecanal; 3-(2,3-Dibromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2- methylpropanal; 4,5-Dimethyldecanal; 4,8-Dimethyldecanal; Caraibical; Decanal; Rogiolal; (2E,4E)-2,6,10-Trimethylundeca-2,4,9-trienal; (2E,4E,7Z)-2,6,10- Trimethylundeca-2,4,7,9-tetraenal; (5E)-2,6,10-Trimethylundeca-5,9-dienal; (E)-2- Undecenal; (E)-6-Ethyl-2,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadienal; (Z)-4-Undecenal; 10- Undecenal; 2-Butyl-2-octenal; 2-Undecenal; 3-Isopropyl-6-methyl-10-oxoundeca-2,6- dienal; 5-Methyl-2-phenyl-2-hexenal; 8-Isopropyl-5-methyl-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a- octahydronaphthalene-2-carbaldehyde; Austrodoral; Oxytoxin 1; syn-4,6- Dimethylundecanal; Taxifolial A; Taxifolial B; Taxifolial C; Undecanal; (1R,6R,7S,10R)-1-Hydroxy-4-cadinen-15-al; (2R,7S,11R)-7-Acetoxy-2- hydroxynardosin-1(10)-en-12-al; (3R,5R,9R)-3,5,9-Trimethyldodecanal; (3S,6E)-7- Ethyl-3,11-dimethyldodeca-6,10-dienal; (9R)-3,5,9-Trimethyldodecanal; (E)-10- Dodecenal; (E)-2-Dodecenal; (E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-6,10-dodecadienal; (E)-5- Dodecenal; (E)-6-Dodecenal; (E)-7-Dodecenal; (E)-8-Dodecenal; (E)-9,11- Dodecadienal; (E)-9-Dodecenal; (E,E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienal; (E,E)- 7-Ethyl-3,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienal; (E,E)-8,10-Dodecadienal; (E,E,E)-3,7- Dimethyl-8,11-dioxo-2,6,9-dodecatrienal; (E,E,Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-8,11-dioxo-2,6,9- dodecatrienal; (E,Z)-2,6-Dodecadienal; (E,Z)-5,7-Dodecadienal; (E,Z)-7,9- Dodecadienal; (E,Z)-8,10-Dodecadienal; (R)-10-Oxo-isodauc-3-en-15-al; (S,E)- 3,7,11-Trimethyl-6,10-dodecadienal; (Z)-2-Methyl-5-((1R,5R,6S)-2,6- dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-6-yl)-pent-2-enal; (Z)-5-Dodecenal; (Z)-7- Dodecenal; (Z)-9,11-Dodecadienal; (Z)-9-Dodecenal; (Z,E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10- dodecatrienal; (Z,E)-5,7-Dodecadienal; (Z,E)-7-Ethyl-3,11-dimethyl-2,6,10- dodecatrienal; (Z,E)-8,10-Dodecadienal; (Z,Z)-5,7-Dodecadienal; 10- Methyldodecanal; 2,10-Dibromo-3-chloro-7-chamigrene; 2-Dodecenal; 2- Ethyldodecanal; 2-Formylguaiazulene; 3,7,11-Trimethyl-(E)-6,10-dodecadienal; 5- Hydroxy-8-methoxycalamanen-15-al; 5-Hydroxy-8-methoxycalamenene-15-al; Aplysinal; Debromoaplysinal; Dodecanal; Parahigginol D; Polygodial; Sclerosporal; Sinuketal; syn-4,6-Dimethyldodecanal; trans-Calamenen-13-al; (3R,5S,9R,7E,11E)- 3,5,9,11-Tetramethyl-7,11-tridecadienal; (3S,4R,6E,10Z)-3,4,7,11-Tetramethyl-6,10- tridecadienal; (E,E)-3,5,9,11-Tetramethyltrideca-7,11-dienal; (Z)-4-Tridecenal; 13,14,15,16-Tetranorclerod-3-en-12-al; 13-Acetyloxytridecanal; 4,6-bis(4- Methylpent-3-en-1-yl)-6-methylcyclo-1,3-hexadienecarbaldehyde; Acanthodoral; Ancistrodial; Cespitulin F; Isoacanthodoral; Tridecanal; (E)-11,13-Tetradecadienal; (E)-11-Tetradecenal; (E,E)-8,10-Tetradecadienal; (E,Z)-4,9-Tetradecadienal; (E,Z)- 8,10-Tetradecadienal; (Z)-11,13-Tetradecadienal; (Z)-11-Tetradecenal; (Z)-5- Tetradecenal; (Z)-7-Tetradecenal; (Z)-8-Tetradecenal; (Z)-9,13-Tetradecadien-11- ynal; (Z)-9-Tetradecenal; (Z,E)-9,11,13-Tetradecatrienal; (Z,E)-9,11-Tetradecadienal; (Z,E)-9,12-Tetradecadienal; (Z,Z)-5,8-Tetradecadienal; (Z,Z)-8,10-Tetradecadienal; (Z,Z)-9,11-Tetradecadienal; 10,12-Tetradecadienal; 2,4-Tetradecadienal; 2- Ethyltetradecanal; 3-oxo-13-Tetradecenal; 3-oxo-Tetradecanal; 5,8-Tetradecadienal; 5-Tetradecenal; Norasperenal A; Norasperenal B; Norasperenal C; Norasperenal D; Sargasal I; Sargasal II; Tetradecanal; (6R)-6-Acetoxidichotoma-3,14-diene-1,17-dial; (6R)-6-Hydroxydichotoma-3,14-diene-1,17-dial; (E,E)-3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl- 6,10,14-hexadecatrienal; (E,Z)-6,8-Pentadecadienal; (E,Z)-9,11-Pentadecadienal; (E,Z,Z)-2,6,9-Pentadecatrienal; (Z)-10-Pentadecenal; (Z)-2-Chloropentadec-2-enal; (Z)-6,14-Pentadecadienal; (Z,Z)-6,9-Pentadecadienal; (Z,Z)-9,11-Pentadecadienal; 2- Hexyl-2-decenal; Azamial A; Azamial B; Isopachydictyolal; Pentadecanal; Sinularial A; Umbellacin A; Xeniafaraunol A; (1R)-Pimaral; (E)-10-Hexadecenal; (E)-11- Hexadecenal; (E)-14-Hexadecenal; (E)-14-Methyl-8-hexadecenal; (E)-3,7,11,15- Tetramethyl-2-hexadecenal; (E,E)-10,12-Hexadecadienal; (E,E)-10,14- Hexadecadienal; (E,E)-11,13-Hexadecadienal; (E,E)-9,11-Hexadecadienal; (E,E,E)- 10,12,14-Hexadecatrienal; (E,E,E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,6,10,14- hexadecatetraenal; (E,E,Z)-10,12,14-Hexadecatrienal; (E,E,Z)-4,6,11- Hexadecatrienal; (E,E,Z,Z)-4,6,11,13-Hexadecatetraenal; (E,Z)-10,12- Hexadecadienal; (E,Z)-11,13-Hexadecadienal; (E,Z)-4,6-Hexadecadienal; (E,Z)-6,11- Hexadecadienal; (E,Z)-8,11-Hexadecadienal; (E,Z)-9,11-Hexadecadienal; (R)-(E)-14- Methyl-8-hexadecenal; (R)-(Z)-14-Methyl-8-hexadecenal; (S)-(E)-14-Methyl-8- hexadecenal; (S)-(Z)-14-Methyl-8-hexadecenal; (Z)-10-Hexadecenal; (Z)-11- Hexadecenal; (Z)-12-Hexadecenal; (Z)-13-Hexadecen-11-ynal; (Z)-14-Methyl-8- hexadecenal; (Z)-3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecenal; (Z)-3-oxo-9-Hexadecenal; (Z)-7-Hexadecenal; (Z)-9-Hexadecenal; (Z,E)-10,12-Hexadecadienal; (Z,E)-11,13- Hexadecadienal; (Z,E)-7,11-Hexadecadienal; (Z,E)-9,11-Hexadecadienal; (Z,Z)- 10,12-Hexadecadienal; (Z,Z)-11,13-Hexadecadienal; (Z,Z)-7,10-Hexadecadienal; (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal; (Z,Z)-9,11-Hexadecadienal; (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13- Hexadecatrienal; 11-Hexadecenal; 11-Hexadecynal; 13(16),14-Spongiadien-19-al; 2- Methylhexadecanal; 7-Hexadecenal; 9-Hexadecenal; Deacetyl-dihydro-nor- thuridillonal; Dictyodial A; Dihydro-nor-thuridillonal; Hexadecanal; Keikipukalide A; Keikipukalide B; Keikipukalide C; Keikipukalide D; Keikipukalide E; Nor- thuridillonal; Pseudoplexaural; Pukalide aldehyde; Sanadaol; (E)-2-Tridecyl-2- heptadecenal; (Z)-9-Heptadecenal; 1-Heptadecenal; 2-Heptadecenal; Globostelletin C; Globostelletin D; Heptadecanal; (E)-11-Octadecenal; (E)-13-Octadecenal; (E)-14- Octadecenal; (E)-2-Octadecenal; (E)-6-Octadecenal; (E,E)-11,14-Octadecadienal; (E,Z)-2,13-Octadecadienal; (E,Z)-3,13-Octadecadienal; (E,Z)-6,11-Octadecadienal; (Z)-11-Octadecenal; (Z)-13-Octadecenal; (Z)-9-Octadecenal; (Z,E)-13,15- Octadecadienal; (Z,Z)-11,13-Octadecadienal; (Z,Z)-13,15-Octadecadienal; (Z,Z)- 3,13-Octadecadienal; (Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadienal; (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienal; 11-Octadecenal; 13,15-Octadecadienal; 13-Octadecenal; 16-Methyloctadecanal; 1- Octadecenal; 3,6-Dihydroxy-24-nor-9-oxo-9,11-secocholesta-7,22-dien-11-al; 9- Octadecenal; Methyloctadecanal; Octadecanal; Panicein B2; Panicein B3; Panicein C; (Z)-10-Nonadecenal; (Z)-9-Nonadecenal; 9(11)-Pargueren-16-al; Hyrtiosal; Nonadecanal; (2E,6Z,9Z)-2-Methyl-2,6,9-eicosatrienal; (Z)-11-Eicosenal; 11- Eicosenal; 12,18-di-Episcalaradial; 12b-(3'b-Hydroxybutanoyloxy)-20,24-dimethyl- 24-oxo-scalara-16-en-25-al; 12b-(3'b-Hydroxypentanoyloxy)-20,24-dimethyl-24-oxo- scalara-16-en-25-al; 12-Deacetoxy-12-oxo-scalaradial; 12-Episcalaradial; 15- Eicosenal; 1-Eicosenal; 3-Deacetyl-22,23-dihydro-24,28-dehydroluffasterol B; 3- Deacetylluffasterol B; 9-Eicosenal; Anthogorgiene B; Deacetylscalaradial; Eicosadienal; Eicosanal; Mooloolabene A; Mooloolabene B; Scalaradial; and combinations thereof.

[0058] Of note pheromones include (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, dodecanyl acetate, (Z)- 7-dodecenyl acetate, (E)-7-dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate, (E)-8- dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate, (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate, (E)-10- dodecenyl acetate, 11-dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-9,11-dodecadienyl acetate, (E)-9,11- dodecadienyl acetate, (Z)-11-tridecenyl acetate, (E)-11-tridecenyl acetate, tetradecanyl acetate, (E)-7-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-8-tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-8- tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-10- tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-10-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-11- tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-12-pentadecenyl acetate, (E)-12-pentadecenyl acetate, hexadecanyl acetate, (Z)-7-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (E)-11- hexadecenyl acetate, octadecanyl acetate, (E,Z)-7,9- dodecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-7,9- dodecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-9,12-dodecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-4,7- tridecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)- 7,11- hexadecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-3,13- octadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate, decanol, (Z)-6-nonenol, (E)-6-nonenol, dodecanol, (Z)-5-decenol, 11- dodecenol, (Z)-7-dodecenol, (E)-7-dodecenol, (Z)-8-dodecenol, (E)-8-dodecenol, (E)- 9-dodecenol, (Z)-9-dodecenol, (E)-9,11-dodecadienol, (Z)-9,11-dodecadienol, (Z,E)- 5,7-dodecadienol, (E,E)-5,7-dodecadienol, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-8,10- dodecadienol, (Z,Z)-8,10-dodecadienol, (Z,E)-8,10-dodecadienol, (E,Z)-7,9- dodecadienol, (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadienol, (E)-5-tetradecenol, (Z)-8-tetradecenol, (Z)-9- tetradecenol, (E)-9-tetradecenol, (Z)-10-tetradecenol, (Z)-11-tetradecenol, (E)-11- tetradecenol, (Z)-11-hexadecenol, (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienol, (Z,E)-9,12- tetradecadienol, (Z,Z)-9,12- tetradecadienol, (Z, Z)-10,12-tetradecadienol, (Z,Z)-7,11- hexadecadienol, (Z,E)-7,11-hexadecadienol, (E)-14-methyl-8- hexadecen-1-ol, (Z)- 14-methyl-8-hexadecen-l-ol, (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienol, (E,Z)-10,12- hexadecadienol, dodecanal, (Z)-9-dodecanal, tetradecanal, (Z)-7- tetradecenal, (Z)-9- tetradecenal, (Z)-11-tetradecenal, (E)-11-tetradecenal, (E)-11,13-tetradecadienal, (E,E)-8,10-tetradecadienal, (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienal, (Z,E)-9,12- tetradecadienal, hexadecanal, (Z)-8-hexadecenal, (Z)-9-hexadecenal, (Z)-10-hexadecenal, (E)-10- hexadecenal, (Z)-11-hexadecenal, (E)-hexadecenal, (Z)-12-hexadecenal, (Z)-13- hexadecenal, (Z)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal, (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal, (Z,Z)- 7,11-hexadecadienal, (Z,E)-7,11-hexadecadienal, (Z,E)-9,11-hexadecadienal, (E,E)- 10,12-hexadecadienal, (E,Z)-10,12-hexadecadienal, (Z,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal, (Z,Z)-10,12-hexadecadienal, (Z,Z)-11,13-hexadecadienal, octadecenal, (Z)-11- octadecenal, (E)-13-octadecenal, (Z)-13-octadecenal, (Z)-5-decenyl 3- methylbutanoate, (+) cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane

[0059] Also of note pheromones include citral; geranial; neral; tetradecan-1-al; pentadecan-1-al; pentadecen-1-al; hexadecan-1-al; (Z)-9-hexadecen-1-al; (Z)-11- hexadecen-1-al; (7E,9E)-undeca-7,9-dien-1-al; (11Z, 13Z)-hexadecadien-1-al; (9Z,12E)-tetradecadien-1-al; (8E,10E)-dodecadien-1-al; (11Z)-hexadecadien-1-al; (9Z)-tetradecen-1-al; 6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-ol; (6E)-7,11-dimethyl-3- methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene; [1S-(1a,2b,5 a)]- 4,6,6-trimethyl-Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept- 3-en-2-ol; 10-Hexadecenal; (Z)-10-hexadecenal; (E)-10-hexadecenal; and combinations thereof.

[0060] In some embodiments, the composition is in a form selected from a premix and a tank mix. In some embodiments, the composition is in a form of a premix. In some embodiments, the composition is a sprayable composition.

[0061] In some embodiments, the composition is capable of controlling phytophagous insects. Phytophagous insects refers to invertebrate pests causing injury to plants by feeding upon them, such as by eating foliage, stem, leaf, fruit or seed tissue or by sucking the vascular juices of plants. Leaf feeders may be external (exophytic) or they may mine the tissues, sometimes even specializing on a particular cell type. There are phytophagous insect species in the majority of insect orders, including Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Heteroptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera.

[0062] Examples of agronomic or nonagronomic invertebrate pests include eggs, larvae and adults of the order Lepidoptera, such as armyworms, cutworms, loopers, and heliothines in the family Noctuidae (e.g., pink stem borer (Sesamia inferens Walker), corn stalk borer (Sesamia nonagrioides Lefebvre), southern armyworm (Spodoptera eridania Cramer), fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith), beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua Hübner), cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval), yellowstriped armyworm (Spodoptera ornithogalli Guenée), black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel), velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner), green fruitworm (Lithophane antennata Walker), cabbage armyworm (Barathra brassicae Linnaeus), soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens Walker), cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni Hübner), tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens Fabricius)); borers, casebearers, webworms, coneworms, cabbageworms and skeletonizers from the family Pyralidae (e.g., European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner), navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella Walker), corn root webworm (Crambus caliginosellus Clemens), sod webworms (Pyralidae: Crambinae) such as sod worm (Herpetogramma licarsisalis Walker), sugarcane stem borer (Chilo infuscatellus Snellen), tomato small borer (Neoleucinodes elegantalis Guenée), green leafroller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), grape leaffolder (Desmia funeralis Hübner), melon worm (Diaphania nitidalis Stoll), cabbage center grub (Helluala hydralis Guenée), yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Walker), early shoot borer (Scirpophaga infuscatellus Snellen), white stem borer (Scirpophaga innotata Walker), top shoot borer (Scirpophaga nivella Fabricius), dark-headed rice borer (Chilo polychrysus Meyrick), striped riceborer (Chilo suppressalis Walker), cabbage cluster caterpillar (Crocidolomia binotalis English)); leafrollers, budworms, seed worms, and fruit worms in the family Tortricidae (e.g., codling moth (Cydia pomonella Linnaeus), grape berry moth (Endopiza viteana Clemens), oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta Busck), citrus false codling moth (Cryptophlebia leucotreta Meyrick), citrus borer (Ecdytolopha aurantiana Lima), redbanded leafroller (Argyrotaenia velutinana Walker), obliquebanded leafroller (Choristoneura rosaceana Harris), light brown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana Walker), European grape berry moth (Eupoecilia ambiguella Hübner), apple bud moth (Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott), omnivorous leafroller (Platynota stultana Walsingham), barred fruit-tree tortrix (Pandemis cerasana Hübner), apple brown tortrix (Pandemis heparana Denis & Schiffermüller)); and many other economically important lepidoptera (e.g., diamond back moth (Plutella xylostella Linnaeus), pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders), gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar Linnaeus), peach fruit borer (Carposina niponensis Walsingham), peach twig borer (Anarsia lineatella Zeller), potato tuberworm (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller), spotted teniform leafminer (Lithocolletis blancardella Fabricius), Asiatic apple leafminer (Lithocolletis ringoniella Matsumura), rice leaffolder (Lerodea eufala Edwards), apple leafminer (Leucoptera scitella Zeller)); eggs, nymphs and adults of the order Blattodea including cockroaches from the families Blattellidae and Blattidae (e.g., oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis Linnaeus), Asian cockroach (Blatella asahinai Mizukubo), German cockroach (Blattella germanica Linnaeus), brownbanded cockroach (Supella longipalpa Fabricius), American cockroach (Periplaneta americana Linnaeus), brown cockroach (Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister), Madeira cockroach (Leucophaea maderae Fabricius)), smoky brown cockroach (Periplaneta fuliginosa Service), Australian Cockroach (Periplaneta australasiae Fabr.), lobster cockroach (Nauphoeta cinerea Olivier) and smooth cockroach (Symploce pallens Stephens)); eggs, foliar feeding, fruit feeding, root feeding, seed feeding and vesicular tissue feeding larvae and adults of the order Coleoptera including weevils from the families Anthribidae, Bruchidae, and Curculionidae (e.g., boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman), rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel), granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius Linnaeus), rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus)), annual bluegrass weevil (Listronotus maculicollis Dietz), bluegrass billbug (Sphenophorus parvulus Gyllenhal), hunting billbug (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus), Denver billbug (Sphenophorus cicatristriatus Fahraeus)); flea beetles, cucumber beetles, rootworms, leaf beetles, potato beetles, and leafminers in the family Chrysomelidae (e.g., Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say), western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera LeConte)); chafers and other beetles from the family Scarabaeidae (e.g., Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman), oriental beetle (Anomala orientalis Waterhouse, Exomala orientalis (Waterhouse) Baraud), northern masked chafer (Cyclocephala borealis Arrow), southern masked chafer (Cyclocephala immaculata Olivier or C. lurida Bland), dung beetle and white grub (Aphodius spp.), black turfgrass ataenius (Ataenius spretulus Haldeman), green June beetle (Cotinis nitida Linnaeus), Asiatic garden beetle (Maladera castanea Arrow), May / June beetles (Phyllophaga spp.) and European chafer (Rhizotrogus majalis Razoumowsky)); carpet beetles from the family Dermestidae; wireworms from the family Elateridae; bark beetles from the family Scolytidae and flour beetles from the family Tenebrionidae.

[0063] In addition, agronomic and nonagronomic pests include: eggs, adults and larvae of the order Dermaptera including earwigs from the family Forficulidae (e.g., European earwig (Forficula auricularia Linnaeus), black earwig (Chelisoches morio Fabricius)); eggs, immatures, adults and nymphs of the orders Hemiptera and Homoptera such as, plant bugs from the family Miridae, cicadas from the family Cicadidae, leafhoppers (e.g. Empoasca spp.) from the family Cicadellidae, potato leafhoppers, bed bugs (e.g., Cimex lectularius Linnaeus) from the family Cimicidae, planthoppers from the families Fulgoroidae and Delphacidae, treehoppers from the family Membracidae, psyllids from the family Psyllidae, whiteflies from the family Aleyrodidae, aphids from the family Aphididae, phylloxera from the family Phylloxeridae, mealybugs from the family Pseudococcidae, scales from the families Coccidae, Diaspididae and Margarodidae, lace bugs from the family Tingidae, stink bugs from the family Pentatomidae, chinch bugs (e.g., hairy chinch bug (Blissus leucopterus hirtus Montandon) and southern chinch bug (Blissus insularis Barber)) and other seed bugs from the family Lygaeidae, spittlebugs from the family Cercopidae squash bugs from the family Coreidae, and red bugs and cotton stainers from the family Pyrrhocoridae.

[0064] Agronomic and nonagronomic pests also include: eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults of the order Acari (mites) such as spider mites and red mites in the family Tetranychidae (e.g., European red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch), two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch), McDaniel mite (Tetranychus mcdanieli McGregor)); flat mites in the family Tenuipalpidae (e.g., citrus flat mite (Brevipalpus lewisi McGregor)); rust and bud mites in the family Eriophyidae and other foliar feeding mites and mites important in human and animal health, i.e., dust mites in the family Epidermoptidae, follicle mites in the family Demodicidae, grain mites in the family Glycyphagidae; ticks in the family Ixodidae, commonly known as hard ticks (e.g., deer tick (Ixodes scapularis Say), Australian paralysis tick (Ixodes holocyclus Neumann), American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis Say), lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum Linnaeus)) and ticks in the family Argasidae, commonly known as soft ticks (e.g., relapsing fever tick (Ornithodoros turicata), common fowl tick (Argas radiatus)); scab and itch mites in the families Psoroptidae, Pyemotidae, and Sarcoptidae; eggs, adults and immatures of the order Orthoptera including grasshoppers, locusts and crickets (e.g., migratory grasshoppers (e.g., Melanoplus sanguinipes Fabricius, M. differentialis Thomas), American grasshoppers (e.g., Schistocerca americana Drury), desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forskal), migratory locust (Locusta migratoria Linnaeus), bush locust (Zonocerus spp.), house cricket (Acheta domesticus Linnaeus), mole crickets (e.g., tawny mole cricket (Scapteriscus vicinus Scudder) and southern mole cricket (Scapteriscus borellii Giglio-Tos)); eggs, adults and immatures of the order Diptera including leafminers (e.g., Liriomyza spp. such as serpentine vegetable leafminer (Liriomyza sativae Blanchard)), midges, fruit flies (Tephritidae), frit flies (e.g., Oscinella frit Linnaeus), soil maggots, house flies (e.g., Musca domestica Linnaeus), lesser house flies (e.g., Fannia canicularis Linnaeus, F. femoralis Stein), stable flies (e.g., Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus), face flies, horn flies, blow flies (e.g., Chrysomya spp., Phormia spp.), and other muscoid fly pests, horse flies (e.g., Tabanus spp.), bot flies (e.g., Gastrophilus spp., Oestrus spp.), cattle grubs (e.g., Hypoderma spp.), deer flies (e.g., Chrysops spp.), keds (e.g., Melophagus ovinus Linnaeus) and other Brachycera, mosquitoes (e.g., Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp.), black flies (e.g., Prosimulium spp., Simulium spp.), biting midges, sand flies, sciarids, and other Nematocera; eggs, adults and immatures of the order Thysanoptera including onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman), flower thrips (Frankliniella spp.), and other foliar feeding thrips; insect pests of the order Hymenoptera including ants of the Family Formicidae including the Florida carpenter ant (Camponotus floridanus Buckley), red carpenter ant (Camponotus ferrugineus Fabricius), black carpenter ant (Camponotus pennsylvanicus De Geer), white-footed ant (Technomyrmex albipes fr. Smith), big headed ants (Pheidole sp.), ghost ant (Tapinoma melanocephalum Fabricius); Pharaoh ant (Monomorium pharaonis Linnaeus), little fire ant (Wasmannia auropunctata Roger), fire ant (Solenopsis geminata Fabricius), red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren), Argentine ant (Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr), crazy ant (Paratrechina longicornis Latreille), pavement ant (Tetramorium caespitum Linnaeus), cornfield ant (Lasius alienus Förster) and odorous house ant (Tapinoma sessile Say). Other Hymenoptera including bees (including carpenter bees), hornets, yellow jackets, wasps, and sawflies (Neodiprion spp.; Cephus spp.); insect pests of the order Isoptera including termites in the Termitidae (e.g., Macrotermes sp., Odontotermes obesus Rambur), Kalotermitidae (e.g., Cryptotermes sp.), and Rhinotermitidae (e.g., Reticulitermes sp., Coptotermes sp., Heterotermes tenuis Hagen) families, the eastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar), western subterranean termite (Reticulitermes hesperus Banks), Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki), West Indian drywood termite (Incisitermes immigrans Snyder), powder post termite (Cryptotermes brevis Walker), drywood termite (Incisitermes snyderi Light), southeastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes virginicus Banks), western drywood termite (Incisitermes minor Hagen), arboreal termites such as Nasutitermes sp. and other termites of economic importance; insect pests of the order Thysanura such as silverfish (Lepisma saccharina Linnaeus) and firebrat (Thermobia domestica Packard); insect pests of the order Mallophaga and including the head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer), body louse (Pediculus humanus Linnaeus), chicken body louse (Menacanthus stramineus Nitszch), dog biting louse (Trichodectes canis De Geer), fluff louse (Goniocotes gallinae De Geer), sheep body louse (Bovicola ovis Schrank), short-nosed cattle louse (Haematopinus eurysternus Nitzsch), long-nosed cattle louse (Linognathus vituli Linnaeus) and other sucking and chewing parasitic lice that attack man and animals; insect pests of the order Siphonoptera including the oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis Rothschild), cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis Bouche), dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis Curtis), hen flea (Ceratophyllus gallinae Schrank), sticktight flea (Echidnophaga gallinacea Westwood), human flea (Pulex irritans Linnaeus) and other fleas afflicting mammals and birds. Additional arthropod pests covered include: spiders in the order Araneae such as the brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa Gertsch & Mulaik) and the black widow spider (Latrodectus mactans Fabricius), and centipedes in the order Scutigeromorpha such as the house centipede (Scutigera coleoptrata Linnaeus).

[0065] Examples of invertebrate pests of stored grain include larger grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus), lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica), rice weevil (Stiophilus oryzae), maize weevil (Stiophilus zeamais), cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus), red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), granary weevil (Stiophilus granarius), Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella), Mediterranean flour beetle (Ephestia kuhniella) and flat or rusty grain beetle (Cryptolestis ferrugineus).

[0066] Compositions produced according to the present disclosure may have activity on members of the Classes Nematoda, Cestoda, Trematoda, and Acanthocephala including economically important members of the orders Strongylida, Ascaridida, Oxyurida, Rhabditida, Spirurida, and Enoplida such as but not limited to economically important agricultural pests (i.e., root knot nematodes in the genus Meloidogyne, lesion nematodes in the genus Pratylenchus, stubby root nematodes in the genus Trichodorus, etc.) and animal and human health pests (i.e., all economically important flukes, tapeworms, and roundworms, such as Strongylus vulgaris in horses, Toxocara canis in dogs, Haemonchus contortus in sheep, Dirofilaria immitis Leidy in dogs, Anoplocephala perfoliata in horses, Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus in ruminants, etc.).

[0067] Compositions produced according to the disclosure may have activity against pests in the order Lepidoptera (e.g., Alabama argillacea Hübner (cotton leaf worm), Archips argyrospila Walker (fruit tree leaf roller), A. rosana Linnaeus (European leaf roller) and other Archips species, Chilo suppressalis Walker (rice stem borer), Cnaphalocrosis medinalis Guenée (rice leaf roller), Crambus caliginosellus Clemens (corn root webworm), Crambus teterrellus Zincken (bluegrass webworm), Cydia pomonella Linnaeus (codling moth), Earias insulana Boisduval (spiny bollworm), Earias vittella Fabricius (spotted bollworm), Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (American bollworm), Helicoverpa zea Boddie (corn earworm), Heliothis virescens Fabricius (tobacco budworm), Herpetogramma licarsisalis Walker (sod webworm), Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermüller (grape berry moth), Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders (pink bollworm), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (citrus leafminer), Pieris brassicae Linnaeus (large white butterfly), Pieris rapae Linnaeus (small white butterfly), Plutella xylostella Linnaeus (diamond back moth), Spodoptera exigua Hübner (beet armyworm), Spodoptera litura Fabricius (tobacco cutworm, cluster caterpillar), Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (fall armyworm), Trichoplusia ni Hübner (cabbage looper) and Tuta absoluta Meyrick (tomato leafminer)).

[0068] Compositions produced according to the disclosure may have significant activity on members from the order Homoptera including: Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (pea aphid), Aphis craccivora Koch (cowpea aphid), Aphis fabae Scopoli (black bean aphid), Aphis gossypii Glover (cotton aphid, melon aphid), Aphis pomi De Geer (apple aphid), Aphis spiraecola Patch (spirea aphid), Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach (foxglove aphid), Chaetosiphon fragaefolii Cockerell (strawberry aphid), Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov / Mordvilko (Russian wheat aphid), Dysaphis plantaginea Paaserini (rosy apple aphid), Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann (woolly apple aphid), Hyalopterus pruni Geoffroy (mealy plum aphid), Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach (turnip aphid), Metopolophium dirrhodum Walker (cereal aphid), Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas (potato aphid), Myzus persicae Sulzer (peach-potato aphid, green peach aphid), Nasonovia ribisnigri Mosley (lettuce aphid), Pemphigus spp. (root aphids and gall aphids), Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch (corn leaf aphid), Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus (bird cherry-oat aphid), Schizaphis graminum Rondani (greenbug), Sitobion avenae Fabricius (English grain aphid), Therioaphis maculata Buckton (spotted alfalfa aphid), Toxoptera aurantii Boyer de Fonscolombe (black citrus aphid), and Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy (brown citrus aphid); Adelges spp. (adelgids); Phylloxera devastatrix Pergande (pecan phylloxera); Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (tobacco whitefly, sweetpotato whitefly), Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring (silverleaf whitefly), Dialeurodes citri Ashmead (citrus whitefly) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (greenhouse whitefly); Empoasca fabae Harris (potato leafhopper), Laodelphax striatellus Fallen (smaller brown planthopper), Macrolestes quadrilineatus Forbes (aster leafhopper), Nephotettix cinticeps Uhler (green leafhopper), Nephotettix nigropictus Stål (rice leafhopper), Nilaparvata lugens Stål (brown planthopper), Peregrinus maidis Ashmead (corn planthopper), Sogatella furcifera Horvath (white-backed planthopper), Sogatodes orizicola Muir (rice delphacid), Typhlocyba pomaria McAtee white apple leafhopper, Erythroneoura spp. (grape leafhoppers); Magicidada septendecim Linnaeus (periodical cicada); Icerya purchasi Maskell (cottony cushion scale), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comstock (San Jose scale); Planococcus citri Risso (citrus mealybug); Pseudococcus spp. (other mealybug complex); Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster (pear psylla), Trioza diospyri Ashmead (persimmon psylla).

[0069] Compositions produced according to this disclosure also may have activity on members from the order Hemiptera including: Acrosternum hilare Say (green stink bug), Anasa tristis De Geer (squash bug), Blissus leucopterus Say (chinch bug), Cimex lectularius Linnaeus (bed bug) Corythuca gossypii Fabricius (cotton lace bug), Cyrtopeltis modesta Distant (tomato bug), Dysdercus suturellus Herrich-Schäffer (cotton stainer), Euchistus servus Say (brown stink bug), Euchistus variolarius Palisot de Beauvois (one-spotted stink bug), Graptosthetus spp. (complex of seed bugs), Halymorpha halys Stål (brown marmorated stink bug), Leptoglossus corculus Say (leaf-footed pine seed bug), Lygus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois (tarnished plant bug), Nezara viridula Linnaeus (southern green stink bug), Oebalus pugnax Fabricius (rice stink bug), Oncopeltus fasciatus Dallas (large milkweed bug), Pseudatomoscelis seriatus Reuter (cotton fleahopper). Other insect orders controlled by compounds of the disclosure include Thysanoptera (e.g., Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (western flower thrips), Scirthothrips citri Moulton (citrus thrips), Sericothrips variabilis Beach (soybean thrips), and Thrips tabaci Lindeman (onion thrips); and the order Coleoptera (e.g., Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Colorado potato beetle), Epilachna varivestis Mulsant (Mexican bean beetle) and wireworms of the genera Agriotes, Athous or Limonius).

[0070] In some aspects, the compositions produced according to the disclosure are useful for controlling Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). In some aspects, the compositions produced according to the disclosure are useful for controlling potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae). In some aspects, the compositions produced according to the disclosure are useful for controlling cotton melon aphid (Aphis gossypii). In some aspects, the compositions produced according to the disclosure are useful for controlling diamond backmoth (Plutella xylostella L.). In some aspects, the compositions produced according to the disclosure are useful for controlling Silverleaf Whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring).

[0071] In cyantraniliprole aspects of the disclosure, the compositions produced according to the disclosure are effective against Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cerotoma trifurcata bean leaf beetle, Chaetocnema concinna beet flea beetle, Epilachna varivestis Mexican bean beetle, Epitrix cucumeris potato flea beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Colorado potato beetle, Oulema melanopus cereal leaf beetle, Oulema oryzae rice leaf beetle, Phyllotreta cruciiferae cabbage flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolata striped flea beetle, Psylliodes spp. flea beetles, Curculionidae, Anthonomus eugenii pepper weevil, Ceutorhynchus napi cabbage stem weevil, Ceutorhynchus quadridens cabbage seed-stalk curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar plum curculio, Hypera bruneipennis Egyptian alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica alfalfa weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus rice water weevil, Nitidulidae, Meligethes aeneus pollen beetle, blossom beetle, Scarabaeidae, Cotinis nitida green June beetle, Phyllophaga spp. June beetles, grubs, Popillia japonica Japanese beetle, Diptera, Agromyzidae, Liromyza chinensis stone leek leafminer, Liromyza huidobrensis pea leafminer, Liriomyza sativae serpentine / vegetable leafminer, Liromyza trifolii American serpentine leafminer, Anthomyiidae, Delia antiqua onion fly, Delia platura seedcorn maggot, Muscidae, Atherigona oryzae rice seedling fly, Psilidae, Psila rosae carrot fly, Tephritidae, Anastrepha fraterculus South American fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens Mexican fruit fly, Anasterpha striata guava fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae melon fly, Bactrocera dorsalis oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae olive fly, Ceratitis capitata Mediterranean fruit fly, Chromatomyia horticola garden pea leafminer, Rhagoletis cerasi cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cingulata cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis pomonella apple maggot, Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae, Aleyrodes proletella cabbage whitefly, Bemisia tabaci sweet potato whitefly, cotton whitefly, Dialeurodes citri citrus whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, greenhouse whitefly, Aphididae, Acyrthosiphon pisum pea aphid, Aphis craccivora cowpea aphid, Aphis fabae black bean aphid, Aphis glycines soybean aphid, Aphis gossypii cotton aphid, melon aphid, Aphis nasturtii buckthorn aphid, Aphis pomi green apple aphid, Aphis spiraceola spirea aphid, Aulacorthum solani foxglove aphid, Brachycaudus persicae black peach aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae cabbage aphid, Chromaphis juglandicola European walnut aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea rosy apple aphid, Hyalopterus pruni mealy plum aphid, Lipaphis erysimi mustard aphid, turnip aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae potato aphid, Myzus persicae green peach aphid, peach potato aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi bird cherry oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae plum aphid, Schizaphis graminum greenbug, Sitobion avenae English grain aphid, Therioaphis maculata spotted alfalfa aphid, Toxoptera citricida brown citrus aphid, oriental citrus aphid, Cicadellidae, Empoasca fabae leafhopper / jassid complex, Empoasca vitis green frogfly, Hortensia similis common green leafhopper, Idioscopus spp. mango leafhopper, Jacobiasca lybica cotton jassid, Nephotettix spp. rice green leafhopper complex, Typhlocyba rosae rose leafhopper, Typhlocyba pomaria white apple leafhopper, Coreidae Leptocorisa oratorius rice bug, rice ear bug, paddy bug, Delphacidae, Nilaparvata lugens rice brown planthopper, Diaspididae, Aonidiella aurantii citrus scale, Flatidae, Metcalfa pruinosa citrus flatid planthopper, Pentatomidae, Euschistus spp. brown stinkbugs, Edessa spp. stink bugs, Psyllidae, Diaphorina citri Asian citrus psyllid, Paratrioza cockerelli potato psyllid, tomato psyllid, Trioza eugeniae eugenia psyllid, lillypilly psyllid, Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae, Hoplocampa testudinea European apple sawfly, Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Scirpophaga incertulas yellow (rice) stemborer, Gelechiidae, Anarsia lineatella peach twig borer, Keiferia lycopersicella tomato pinworm, Pectinophora gossypiella pink bollworm, Tuta absoluta tomato leafminer, Gracillariidae, Gracillaria theivora tea leafroller, Phyllonorycter blancardella spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter coryfoliella nut leaf blister moth, Phyllonorycter crataegella apple blotch leafminer, Phyllonorycter ringoniella apple leafminer, Phyllonorycter elmaella western tentiform leafminer, Hesperiidae, Borbo cinara rice leafroller, Lyonetiidae, Leucoptera coffeella white coffee leafminer, Leucoptera scitella pear leaf blister moth, Lyonetia clerkella peach, leaf miner, Noctuidae, Agrotis segetum common cutworm, Alabama argillacea cotton leafworn, Autographa californica alfalfa looper, Barathra brassicae cabbage armyworm, Chrysodeixis chalcites green garden looper, Chrysodeixis eriosoma green semi-looper, Earias insulana Egyptian bollworm, Earias vittella northern rough bollworm, Feltia subterranea granulate cutworm, Helicoverpa armigera American bollworm, cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa punctigera climbing cutworm, Heliothis virescens tobacco budworm, Helicoverpa zea corn earworm, Prodenia ornithogalli yellow-striped armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta true armyworm, Pseudoplusia includens soybean looper, Sesamia inferens pink (rice) stemborer, Spodoptera eridania southern armyworm, Spodoptera exigua beet armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda fall armyworm, Spodoptera littoralis cotton leafworm, Spodoptera litura cluster caterpillar, Thermesia gemmatalis velvetbean caterpillar, Trichoplusia ni cabbage looper, Phyllocnistidae, Phyllocnistis citrella citrus leafminer, Pieridae, Colias eurytheme alfalfa caterpillar, Leptophobia aripa green-eyed white, Pieris brassicae cabbage butterfly, large white,Pieris rapae imported cabbage worm, cabbage white, Plutellidae, Plutella xylostella diamondback moth, Pyralidae, Chilo suppressalis Asiatic rice stemborer, Cnaphalocerus medinalis rice leaffolder, Crocidolomia binotalis cabbage caterpillar, Desmia funeralis grape leaffolder, Diaphania indica cotton caterpillar, Diaphania nitidaltis melonworm, Hellula hydralis cabbage center grub, Hellula undalis cabbage webworm, Lerodea eufala rice leaffolder, Leucinodes orbonalis brinjal fruit borer, Maruca testulalis bean pod borer, Neoleucinodes elegantalis small tomato borer, Nymphula depunctalis rice caseworm, Ostrinia furnicalis Asian corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis European corn borer, Sphingidae, Manduca sexta tomato hornworm, tobacco hornworm, Smerinthus spp. sphinx moths, Tortricidae, Adoxophyes orana summer fruit tortrix, Argyrotaenia pulchellana grape tortrix, Argyrotaenia velutinana red-banded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana oblique-banded leafroller, Eupoecilia ambiguella grape berry moth, Cydia pomonella codling moth, Cydia prunivora lesser apple worm, Grapholita molesta oriental fruit moth, Lobesia botrana grape vine moth, Pandemis heparana apple brown tortrix, Pandemis limitata three-lined leaf roller, Paramyelois transitella navel orangeworm, Platynota idaeusalis tufted apple bud moth, Platynota stultana omnivorus leafroller, Thysanoptera, Thripidae, Enneothrips flavens, Frankliniella fusca tobacco thrips, Frankliniella intonsa European flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis western flower thrips, Frankliniella schultzei common blossom thrips, Frankliniella tritici eastern flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti cowpea thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus bean blossom thrips, Scirthothrips citri citrus thrips, Scirthothrips dorsalis yellow tea thrips, chilli thrips, Sericothrips variabilis soybean thrips, Stenchaetothrips biformis oriental rice thrips, Thrips arizonensis cotton thrips, Thrips meridionalis peach thrips, Thrips palmi melon thrips, and Thrips tabaci onion thrips, common cotton thrips.

[0072] In some cyantraniliprole aspects of the disclosure, the compositions produced according to the disclosure are effective against Leptinotarsa decemlineata Colorado potato beetle, Oulema oryzae rice leaf beetle, Phyllotreta cruciiferae cabbage flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolata striped flea beetle, Psylliodes spp. flea beetles, Anthonomus eugenii pepper weevil, Conotrachelus nenuphar plum curculio, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus rice water weevil, Meligethes aeneus pollen beetle, blossom beetle, Liromyza chinensis stone leek leafminer, Liromyza huidobrensis pea leafminer, Liriomyza sativae serpentine / vegetable leafminer, Liromyza trifolii American serpentine leafminer, Delia antiqua onion fly, Delia platura seedcorn maggot, Psila rosae carrot fly, Bactrocera dorsalis oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae olive fly, Ceratitis capitata Mediterranean fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis pomonella apple maggot, Bemisia tabaci sweet potato whitefly, cotton whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, greenhouse whitefly, Acyrthosiphon pisum pea aphid, Aphis craccivora cowpea aphid, Aphis fabae black bean aphid, Aphis gossypii cotton aphid, melon aphid, Aphis pomi green apple aphid, Aphis spiraceola spirea aphid, Aulacorthum solani foxglove aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae cabbage aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea rosy apple aphid, Lipaphis erysimi mustard aphid, turnip aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae potato aphid, Myzus persicae green peach aphid, peach potato aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi bird cherry oat aphid, Schizaphis graminum greenbug, Sitobion avenae English grain aphid, Toxoptera citricida brown citrus aphid, oriental citrus aphid, Empoasca vitis green frogfly, Idioscopus spp. mango leafhopper, Nilaparvata lugens rice brown planthopper, Aonidiella aurantii citrus scale, Euschistus spp. brown stinkbugs, Diaphorina citri Asian citrus psyllid, Paratrioza cockerelli potato psyllid, tomato psyllid, Scirpophaga incertulas yellow (rice) stemborer, Anarsia lineatella peach twig borer, Tuta absoluta tomato leafminer, Leucoptera coffeella white coffee leafminer, Alabama argillacea cotton leafworn, Helicoverpa armigera American bollworm, cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa punctigera climbing cutworm, Heliothis virescens tobacco budworm, Helicoverpa zea corn earworm, Pseudoplusia includens soybean looper, Sesamia inferens pink (rice) stemborer, Spodoptera eridania southern armyworm, Spodoptera exigua beet armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda fall armyworm, Spodoptera littoralis cotton leafworm, Spodoptera litura cluster caterpillar, Thermesia gemmatalis velvetbean caterpillar, Trichoplusia ni cabbage looper, Phyllocnistis citrella citrus leafminer, Pieris brassicae cabbage butterfly, large white,Pieris rapae imported cabbage worm, cabbage white, Plutella xylostella diamondback moth, Chilo suppressalis Asiatic rice stemborer, Cnaphalocerus medinalis rice leaffolder, Leucinodes orbonalis brinjal fruit borer, Ostrinia furnicalis Asian corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis European corn borer, Choristoneura rosaceana oblique-banded leafroller, Eupoecilia ambiguella grape berry moth, Cydia pomonella codling moth, Grapholita molesta oriental fruit moth, Lobesia botrana grape vine moth, Frankliniella fusca tobacco thrips, Frankliniella intonsa European flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis western flower thrips, Scirthothrips citri citrus thrips, Scirthothrips dorsalis yellow tea thrips, chilli thrips, Thrips palmi melon thrips, and Thrips tabaci onion thrips, common cotton thrips.

[0073] In some cyantraniliprole aspects of the disclosure, the compositions produced according to the disclosure are effective against Conotrachelus nenuphar plum curculio, Liromyza huidobrensis pea leafminer, Liriomyza sativae serpentine / vegetable leafminer, Liromyza trifolii American serpentine leafminer, Bemisia tabaci sweet potato whitefly, cotton whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, greenhouse whitefly, Acyrthosiphon pisum pea aphid, Aphis craccivora cowpea aphid, Aphis gossypii cotton aphid, melon aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae cabbage aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea rosy apple aphid, Myzus persicae green peach aphid, peach potato aphid, Diaphorina citri Asian citrus psyllid, Paratrioza cockerelli potato psyllid, tomato psyllid, Scirpophaga incertulas yellow (rice) stemborer, Anarsia lineatella peach twig borer, Tuta absoluta tomato leafminer, Leucoptera coffeella white coffee leafminer, Alabama argillacea cotton leafworn, Helicoverpa armigera American bollworm, cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa punctigera climbing cutworm, Heliothis virescens tobacco budworm, Helicoverpa zea corn earworm, Pseudoplusia includens soybean looper, Sesamia inferens pink (rice) stemborer, Spodoptera eridania southern armyworm, Spodoptera exigua beet armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda fall armyworm, Spodoptera littoralis cotton leafworm, Spodoptera litura cluster caterpillar, Phyllocnistis citrella citrus leafminer, Plutella xylostella diamondback moth, Chilo suppressalis Asiatic rice stemborer, Cnaphalocerus medinalis rice leaffolder, Choristoneura rosaceana oblique-banded leafroller, Eupoecilia ambiguella grape berry moth, Cydia pomonella codling moth, Grapholita molesta oriental fruit moth, Lobesia botrana grape vine moth, Frankliniella fusca tobacco thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis western flower thrips, Scirthothrips dorsalis yellow tea thrips, chilli thrips, Thrips palmi melon thrips, and Thrips tabaci onion thrips, common cotton thrips.

[0074] In chlorantraniliprole aspects of the disclosure, the compositions produced according to the disclosure are effective against: Coleoptera (Chrysomelida, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Colorado potato beetle, Curculionidae, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus rice water weevil, Listronotus maculicollis annual bluegrass weevil, Oryzophagus oryzae rice water weevil, Sphenophorus spp. Billbug, Scarabaeidae Ataenius spretulus black turfgrass ataenius, Aphodius spp. scarab beetles, Cotinis nitida green June beetle, Cyclocephala spp. masked chafers, Exomala orientalis oriental beetle grub, Maladera castanea Asiatic garden beetle, Phyllophaga spp. June beetles, Popillia japonica Japanese beetle, and Rhizotrogus majalis European chafer); Diptera (Agromyzidae, Chromatomyia horticola garden pea leafminer, and Liriomyza spp. Leafminers); Hemiptera (Aleyrodidae, Bemisia spp. Whitefly, Trialeurodes abutiloneus bandedwinged whitefly, Cicadellidae, and Typhlocyba pomaria white apple leafhopper); Isoptera (Rhinotermitidae, Heterotermes tenuis sugarcane termite, Termitidae, Microtermes obesi sugarcane termite, and Odontotermes obesus sugarcane termite); and Lepidoptera (Arctiidae, Estigmene acrea saltmarsh caterpillar, Crambidae, Achyra rantalis garden webworm, Desmia funeralis grape leaffolder, Ostrinia nubilalis European corn borer, Gelechiidae, Anarsia lineatella peach twig borer, Keiferia lycopersicella tomato pinworm, Phthorimaea operculella potato tuberworm, Tuta absoluta S. American tomato pinworm, Geometridae, Operophthera brumata winter moth, Gracilaridae, Phyllocnistis citrella citrus leafminer, Lithocolletis ringoniella apple leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella spotted tentiform leafminer, Lyonetidae, Leucoptera spp. (ie: malifoliella, coffeella) coffee leafminer, pear leaf blister moth, Noctuidae, Agrotis ipsilon black cutworm, Alabama argillacea cotton leafworm, Amphipyra pyramidoides humped green fruitworm, Anticarsia gemmatalis velvetbean caterpillar, Autographa gamma common silver Y moth, Barathra brassicae cabbage armyworm, Earias spp. (ie: huegeliana, insulana, vitella) rough, spiny, northern rough bollworm, Helicoverpa spp. (ie: armigera, punctigera, zea) bollworms / budworms / fruitworms, Heliothis virescens tobacco budworm, Lithophane antennata green fruitworm, Mamestra brassicae cabbage moth, Orthosia hibisci green fruitworm, Phalaenoides glycinae grape vine moth, Phytometra acuta tomato semi-looper, Pseudoplusia includens soybean looper, Spodoptera spp. (ie: exigua, frugiperda, littoralis) beet armyworm, fall armyworm, Egyptian cotton leafworm, Trichoplusia ni cabbage looper, Pieridae, Pieris spp. (ie: brassica, rapae) large white, imported cabbageworm, Plutellidae, Plutella xylostella diamondback moth, Pyralidae, Amyelois transitella navel orangeworm, Chilo spp. (ie: infuscatellus, polychrysus, suppressalis) sugarcane / rice stem borers, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis rice leafroller, Crambus spp. sod webworm, Crocidolomia binotalis cabbage cluster caterpillar, Diaphania spp. (ie: hyalinata, nitidalis) melonworm, pickleworm, Diatraea saccharalis, Brazilian sugarcane borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus lesser stalk borer, Evergestis rimosalis cross-stripped cabbageworm, Hedylepta indicata soybean leaffolder,Hellula spp. (ie: hydralis, undalis) cabbage centre–grub, cabbage webworm, Leucinodes orbonalis eggplant shoot and fruit borer, Maruca spp. pod borer, Neoleucinodes elegantalis tomato small borer, Scirpophaga spp. sugarcane / rice stem borer, Sesamia spp. (ie: inferens, nonagrioides) pink stem borer / corn stalk borer, Sphingidae, Manduca spp. (ie: quinquemaculata, sexta) tomato / tobacco hornworm, Tortricidae, Adoxophyes orana summer fruit tortrix, Argyrotaenia spp. (ie: pulchellana, velutinana) grape tortrix, redbanded leafroller, Bonagota cranaodes Brazilian apple leafroller, Carposina spp. (ie: niponensis, sasaki) peach fruit borer, peach fruit moth, Choristoneura rosaceana obliquebanded leafroller,Cryptophlebia leucotreta false codling moth, Cydia pomonella codling moth, Ecdytolopha aurantiana citrus borer, Endopiza vitana grape berry moth, Epiphyas postvittana light brown apple moth, Eupoecilia ambiguella European grape berry moth, Grapholita molesta oriental fruit moth, Lobesia botrana European grapevine moth, Pandemis spp. (ie: cerasana, heparana, barred fruit tree tortrix, limitata, pyrusana) apple brown tortrix, three-lined leafroller, apple pandemic, Platynota spp. (ie: idaeusalis, stultana) tufted apple bud moth, omnivorous leafroller, Zygaenidae, and Harrisina spp. (ie: americana, brillians) grapeleaf / western grapeleaf skeletonizer).

[0075] In some chlorantraniliprole aspects of the disclosure, the compositions produced according to the disclosure are effective against: Leptinotarsa decemlineata Colorado potato beetle, Liriomyza spp. Leafminers, Bemisia spp. Whitefly, Trialeurodes abutiloneus bandedwinged whitefly, Heterotermes tenuis sugarcane termite, Microtermes obesi sugarcane termite, and Odontotermes obesus sugarcane termite), Ostrinia nubilalis European corn borer, Anarsia lineatella peach twig borer, Phthorimaea operculella potato tuberworm, Tuta absoluta S. American tomato pinworm, Phyllocnistis citrella citrus leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella spotted tentiform leafminer, Leucoptera spp. (ie: malifoliella, coffeella) coffee leafminer, Agrotis ipsilon black cutworm, Alabama argillacea cotton leafworm, Anticarsia gemmatalis velvetbean caterpillar, Helicoverpa spp. (ie: armigera, punctigera, zea) bollworms / budworms / fruitworms, Heliothis virescens tobacco budworm, Pseudoplusia includens soybean looper, Spodoptera spp. (ie: exigua, frugiperda, littoralis) beet armyworm, fall armyworm, Egyptian cotton leafworm, Trichoplusia ni cabbage looper, Pieris spp. (ie: brassica, rapae) large white, imported cabbageworm, Plutella xylostella diamondback moth, Amyelois transitella navel orangeworm, Chilo spp. (ie: infuscatellus, polychrysus, suppressalis) sugarcane / rice stem borers, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis rice leafroller, Diatraea saccharalis, Brazilian sugarcane borer, Leucinodes orbonalis eggplant shoot and fruit borer, Scirpophaga spp. sugarcane / rice stem borer, Sesamia spp. (ie: inferens, nonagrioides) pink stem borer / corn stalk borer, Carposina spp. (ie: niponensis, sasaki) peach fruit borer, peach fruit moth, Choristoneura rosaceana obliquebanded leafroller, Cydia pomonella codling moth, Eupoecilia ambiguella European grape berry moth, Grapholita molesta oriental fruit moth, and Lobesia botrana European grapevine moth.

[0076] In some chlorantraniliprole aspects of the disclosure, the compositions produced according to the disclosure are effective against: Liriomyza spp. Leafminers, Bemisia spp. Whitefly, Trialeurodes abutiloneus bandedwinged whitefly, Heterotermes tenuis sugarcane termite, Microtermes obesi sugarcane termite, and Odontotermes obesus sugarcane termite), Ostrinia nubilalis European corn borer, Anarsia lineatella peach twig borer, Tuta absoluta S. American tomato pinworm, Anticarsia gemmatalis velvetbean caterpillar, Helicoverpa spp. (ie: armigera, punctigera, zea) bollworms / budworms / fruitworms, Heliothis virescens tobacco budworm, Pseudoplusia includens soybean looper, Spodoptera spp. (ie: exigua, frugiperda, littoralis) beet armyworm, fall armyworm, Egyptian cotton leafworm, Plutella xylostella diamondback moth, Amyelois transitella navel orangeworm, Chilo spp. (ie: infuscatellus, polychrysus, suppressalis) sugarcane / rice stem borers, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis rice leafroller, Diatraea saccharalis, Brazilian sugarcane borer, Scirpophaga spp. sugarcane / rice stem borer, Sesamia spp. (ie: inferens, nonagrioides) pink stem borer / corn stalk borer, Cydia pomonella codling moth, Grapholita molesta oriental fruit moth, and Lobesia botrana European grapevine moth.

[0077] In some embodiments, the pest is selected from, but not limited to, the group consisting of pests of the family Tephritidae, fruit flies, Anastrepha fraterculus South American fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens Mexican fruit fly, Anasterpha striata guava fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae melon fly, Bactrocera dorsalis oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae olive fly, Ceratitis capitata Mediterranean fruit fly, Chromatomyia horticola garden pea leafminer, Rhagoletis cerasi cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cingulata cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis pomonella apple maggot, and combinations thereof.

[0078] The compositions produced according to the present disclosure are useful for protecting agronomic field crops other non-agronomic horticultural crops and plants from phytophagous invertebrate pests. This utility includes protecting crops and other plants (i.e., both agronomic and nonagronomic) that contain genetic material introduced by genetic engineering (i.e., transgenic) or modified by mutagenesis to provide advantageous traits. Examples of such traits include tolerance to herbicides, resistance to phytophagous pests (e.g., insects, mites, aphids, spiders, nematodes, snails, plant-pathogenic fungi, bacteria and viruses), improved plant growth, increased tolerance of adverse growing conditions such as high or low temperatures, low or high soil moisture, and high salinity, increased flowering or fruiting, greater harvest yields, more rapid maturation, higher quality and / or nutritional value of the harvested product, or improved storage or process properties of the harvested products. Transgenic plants can be modified to express multiple traits. Examples of plants containing traits provided by genetic engineering or mutagenesis include varieties of corn, cotton, soybean and potato expressing an insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis toxin such as YIELD GARD®, KNOCKOUT®, STARLINK®, BOLLGARD®, NuCOTN®and NEWLEAF®, INVICTA RR2PROTM, and herbicide-tolerant varieties of corn, cotton, soybean and rapeseed suchas ROUNDUP READY®, LIBERTY LINK®, IMI®, STS®and CLEARFIELD®, as well as crops expressing N-acetyltransferase (GAT) to provide resistance to glyphosate herbicide, or crops containing the HRA gene providing resistance to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase (ALS). The compositions produced according to the present disclosure may interact synergistically with traits introduced by genetic engineering or modified by mutagenesis, thus enhancing phenotypic expression or effectiveness of the traits or increasing the invertebrate pest control effectiveness of the present compounds and compositions. In particular, the compositions produced according to the present disclosure may interact synergistically with the phenotypic expression of proteins or other natural products toxic to invertebrate pests to provide greater-than-additive control of these pests, i.e., produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects.

[0079] Plants within the scope of the present disclosure include crops, vegetables, fruits, trees other than fruit trees, lawn, and other uses (flowers, biofuel plants and ornamental foliage). Crops include: corn, rice, wheat, barley, rye, oat, sorghum, cotton, soybean, peanut, buckwheat, beet, rapeseed, sunflower, sugar cane, tobacco, and others known in the art. Vegetables include: solanaceous vegetables (for example, eggplant, tomato, pimento, pepper and potato); cucurbitaceous vegetables (for example, cucumber, pumpkin, zucchini, water melon, and melon); cruciferous vegetables (for example, Japanese radish, white turnip, horseradish, kohlrabi, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, leaf mustard, broccoli, and cauliflower); asteraceous vegetables (for example, burdock, crown daisy, artichoke and lettuce); liliaceous vegetables (for example, green onion, onion, garlic and asparagus); ammiaceous vegetables (for example, carrot, parsley, celery and parsnip); chenopodiaceous vegetables (for example, spinach and Swiss chard); and lamiaceous vegetables (for example, Perilla frutescens, mint and basil). Fruits include: pomaceous fruits (for example, apple, pear, Japanese pear, Chinese quince and quince); stone fleshy fruits (for example, peach, plum, nectarine, Prunus mume, cherry fruit, apricot and prune); citrus fruits (for example, Citrus unshiu, orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit); nuts (for example, chestnut, walnuts, hazelnuts, almond, pistachio, cashew nuts and macadamia nuts); berry fruits (for example, blueberry, cranberry, blackberry, strawberry, and raspberry); grape; kaki; persimmon; olive; Japanese plum; banana; coffee; date palm; coconuts; and oil palm. Trees other than fruit trees include: tea; mulberry; and other trees (for example, ash, birch, dogwood, Eucalyptus, Ginkgo biloba, lilac, maple, Quercus, poplar, Judas tree, Liquidambar formosana, plane tree, zelkova, Japanese arborvitae, fir wood, hemlock, juniper, Pinus, Picea, Taxus cuspidate, elm and Japanese horse chestnut), Sweet viburnum, Podocarpus macrophyllus, Japanese cedar, Japanese cypress, croton, Japanese spindletree, and Photinia glabra). Lawn uses include: sods (for example, Zoysia japonica, Zoysia matrella); bermudagrasses; bent grasses; festucae; ryegrasses. Flower uses include: rose, carnation, chrysanthemum, Eustoma, gypsophila, gerbera, marigold, salvia, petunia, verbena, tulip, aster, gentian, lily, pansy, cyclamen, orchid, lily of the valley, lavender, stock, ornamental cabbage, primula, poinsettia, gladiolus, cattleya, daisy, cymbidium and begonia. Bio-fuel plants include: jatropha, safflower, Camelina, switch grass, Miscanthus giganteus, Phalaris arundinacea, Arundo donax, kenaf, cassava, and willow.

[0080] All plants or any part of a plant can be treated in accordance with compositions produced according to the processes of the disclosure. The term “plants” as used herein is to be understood as all plants and plant populations such as, for example, desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants). Crop plants can be plants that can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or by combinations of these methods, including transgenic plants and including plant cultivars which can or cannot be protected by plant breeders' rights. Plant parts are to be understood as meaning all parts and organs of plants above and below the ground, such as shoot, leaf, flower and root, examples which may be mentioned being leaves, needles, stalks, stems, flowers, fruit bodies, fruits and seeds, as well as roots, tubers and rhizomes. The plant parts also include harvested material, and vegetative and generative propagation material, for example cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, offshoots and seeds.

[0081] Treatment of the plants and plant parts with the compositions produced according to the processes of the present disclosure is carried out by direct contact with the plant or plant part, or by action on the plant’s environment, habitat or storage space using customary treatment methods. For example, treatment as described herein can be by dipping, spraying, evaporating, atomizing, broadcasting, spreading- on, injecting and, in the case of propagation material -- particularly in the case of seeds -- by applying a layer of a coating comprising the composition, optionally with additional layers.

[0082] In one embodiment, the compositions produced according to the processes of the present disclosure are aerially delivered to plants. In another embodiment, the compositions produced according to the present disclosure are delivered by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In yet another embodiment, the compositions produced according to the present disclosure are delivered by a helicopter or fixed- wing airplane.

[0083] Wild plant species and plant cultivars, or those obtained by conventional biological breeding methods, such as crossing or protoplast fusion, and parts thereof, may be treated. Also, transgenic plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering methods, if appropriate in combination with conventional methods (Genetically Modified Organisms), and parts thereof are treated. Plants of the plant cultivars that are in each case commercially available or in use are treated according to the disclosure. Plant cultivars are to be understood as meaning plants having novel properties ("traits") which have been obtained by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. These can be cultivars, biotypes or genotypes.

[0084] The transgenic plants or plant cultivars (obtained by genetic engineering) that may be treated according to the disclosure include all plants which, by the genetic modification, received genetic material which imparted particular advantageous, useful traits to these plants. Examples of such traits are better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, higher quality and / or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better storage stability and / or processability of the harvested products. Further and particularly emphasized examples of such traits are a better defense of the plants against animal and microbial pests, such as against insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and / or viruses, and increased tolerance of the plants to certain herbicidally active compounds. Examples of transgenic plants include the important crop plants, such as cereals (wheat, rice), maize, soybeans, potatoes, sugar beet, tomatoes, peas and other vegetable varieties, cotton, tobacco, oilseed rape and fruit plants (with the fruits apples, pears, citrus fruits and grapes), and emphasis is given to maize, soybeans, potatoes, cotton, tobacco and oilseed rape. Traits include the increased defense of the plants against insects, arachnids, nematodes and slugs and snails by toxins formed in the plants, particularly those formed in the plants by the genetic material from Bacillus thuringiensis (for example by the genes CryIA(a), CryIA(b), CryIA(c), CryIIA, CryIIIA, CryIIIB2, Cry9c, Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and CryIF and also combinations thereof) ("Bt plants"). Other traits are the increased defense of plants against fungi, bacteria and viruses by systemic acquired resistance (SAR), systemin, phytoalexins, elicitors and resistance genes and correspondingly expressed proteins and toxins. Traits also include the increased tolerance of the plants to certain herbicidally active compounds, for example imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, glyphosate or phosphinotricin (for example the "PAT" gene). The genes which impart the desired traits in question can also be present in combinations with one another in the transgenic plants. Examples of "Bt plants" include maize varieties, cotton varieties, soybean varieties and potato varieties which are sold under the trade names YIELD GARD®(for example maize, cotton, soybeans), KnockOut®(for example maize), StarLink®(for example maize), Bollgard®(cotton), Nucotn®(cotton) and NewLeaf®(potato). Examples of herbicide- tolerant plants are maize varieties, cotton varieties and soybean varieties that are sold under the trade names Roundup Ready®(tolerance to glyphosate, for example maize, cotton, soybean). Liberty Link®(tolerance to phosphinotricin, for example oilseed rape), IMI®(tolerance to imidazolinones) and STS®(tolerance to sulfonylureas, for example maize). Herbicide-resistant plants (plants bred in a conventional manner for herbicide tolerance) include the varieties sold under the name Clearfield®(for example maize). The agricultural crops are selected from the group consisting of cereals, fruit trees, citrus fruits, legumes, horticultural crops, cucurbits, oleaginous plants, tobacco, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar beet, sugar cane, and cotton.

[0085] Depending on the plant species or plant cultivars, their location and growth conditions (soils, climate, vegetation period, diet), the treatment according to the disclosure may also result in superadditive ("synergistic") effects. Thus, for example, reduced application rates and / or a widening of the activity spectrum and / or an increase in the activity of the substances and compositions which can be used according to the disclosure, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, higher quality and / or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better storage stability and / or processability of the harvested products are possible, which exceed the effects which were actually to be expected.

[0086] Crops that can be protected with the compositions produced according to the processes of this disclosure, for example, comprise cereals (wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, maize, sorghum, etc.), fruit trees (apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, bananas, grapes, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, etc.), citrus trees (oranges, lemons, mandarins, grapefruit, etc.), legumes (beans, peas, lentils, soybean, etc.), vegetables (spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants, peppers, etc.), cucurbitaceae (pumpkins, zucchini, cucumbers, melons, watermelons, etc.), oleaginous plants (sunflower, rape, peanut, castor, coconut, etc.), tobacco, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar beet, sugar cane, and cotton.

[0087] To protect the agricultural crops, the compositions produced according to the processes of this disclosure can be applied to any part of the plant, or on the seeds before sowing, or on the soil in which the plant grows.

[0088] Non-agronomic uses refer to invertebrate pest control in the areas other than fields of crop plants. Nonagronomic uses of the compositions produced according to the present disclosure include control of invertebrate pests in stored grains, beans and other foodstuffs, and in textiles such as clothing and carpets. Nonagronomic uses of the compositions produced according to the present disclosure also include invertebrate pest control in ornamental plants, forests, in yards, along roadsides and railroad rights of way, and on turf such as lawns, golf courses and pastures. Nonagronomic uses of the compositions produced according to the present disclosure also include invertebrate pest control in houses and other buildings which may be occupied by humans and / or companion, farm, ranch, zoo or other animals. Nonagronomic uses of the compositions produced according to the present disclosure also include the control of pests such as termites that can damage wood or other structural materials used in buildings

[0089] Nonagronomic uses of the compositions produced according to the present disclosure also include protecting human and animal health by controlling invertebrate pests that are parasitic or transmit infectious diseases. The controlling of animal parasites includes controlling external parasites that are parasitic to the surface of the body of the host animal (e.g., shoulders, armpits, abdomen, inner part of the thighs) and internal parasites that are parasitic to the inside of the body of the host animal (e.g., stomach, intestine, lung, veins, under the skin, lymphatic tissue). External parasitic or disease transmitting pests include, for example, chiggers, ticks, lice, mosquitoes, flies, mites and fleas. Internal parasites include heartworms, hookworms and helminths. Compositions produced according to the present disclosure are suitable for systemic and / or non-systemic control of infestation or infection by parasites on animals. Compositions produced according to the present disclosure are particularly suitable for combating external parasitic or disease transmitting pests. Compositions produced according to the present disclosure are suitable for combating parasites that infest agricultural working animals, such as cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, donkeys, camels, buffalos, rabbits, hens, turkeys, ducks, geese and bees; pet animals and domestic animals such as dogs, cats, pet birds and aquarium fish; as well as so-called experimental animals, such as hamsters, guinea pigs, rats and mice. By combating these parasites, fatalities and performance reduction (in terms of meat, milk, wool, skins, eggs, honey, etc.) are reduced, so that applying a composition of the present disclosure allows more economic and simple husbandry of animals.

[0090] The composition embodiments of this disclosure may be combined with the method embodiments of this disclosure in any manner. Similarly, the method embodiments of this disclosure may be combined in any manner. The following embodiments are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting of the disclosure in any way whatsoever.

[0091] The present disclosure further encompasses a process for preparing a composition according to the present disclosure by forming a mixture including: a) an agrochemical active ingredient; b) a dispersant; c) a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent including corn steep liquor; d) a freeze-thaw stabilizer, and e) optionally, a preservative.

[0092] The present disclosure further encompasses a process for preparing a composition according to the present disclosure by dispersing an agrochemical active ingredient in a mixture of water and a dispersant, and optionally a freeze-thaw stabilizing agent, an anti-foam agent and / or a preservative; wet milling the mixture to an average particle size of about 0.1 to about 15 microns, preferably about 1 to about 8 microns, and adding a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent including corn steep liquor. The process can further include the step of adding the resultant mixture to a liquid fertilizer. The formulation may be applied in furrows with liquid fertilizer(s).

[0093] The present disclosure further encompasses a method for controlling a pest, the method including contacting the pest or its environment with a composition including: a) an agrochemical active ingredient; b) a dispersant; c) a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent including corn steep liquor; d) a freeze-thaw stabilizer, and e) optionally, a preservative.

[0094] The present disclosure also encompasses a method of controlling unwanted insects or fungi and providing nutrients to plants, the method includes applying to an area infested with such insects or fungi and containing such plants a biologically effective amount of a liquid fertilizer in combination with one of the compositions of this disclosure. EXAMPLES

[0095] The compositions of the present disclosure are further illustrated by the examples below. These examples serve only to illustrate the disclosure and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the disclosure in any way, since further modifications encompassed by the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art. All such modifications are deemed to be within the scope of the disclosure as defined in the present specification and claims.

[0096] Example 1. Compositions according to the present disclosure.

[0097] Compositions according to the present disclosure were prepared as shown in the below table. Example 19 further included propylene glycol, Example 20 further included glycerin, and Example 21 further included glycerin and microfibrillated cellulose (Exilva F 01-L). Example ActiveCSL Silica Clay Ingredient(s)Active Ingredient(s) (wt%)(wt%) (wt%) (wt%) 4 4 4 4 444 4 4 4 4 4 4 444 4 4 4

[0098] Properties of compositions according to the present disclosure were measured as shown in the below table. Viscosity data were recorded using a Brookfield viscometer spindle 3 at 5 RPM. Example Particle size (D50 µm) pH Viscosity (cps) Density (g / mL) d 3 2.79 4.2 2160 1.18 4 1.6 4.4 2500 Not measured d d d d

[0099] Example 2. Compatibility tests of compositions according to the present disclosure.

[0100] Liquid Fertilizer (LF) compatibility tests were performed as follows. procedure: 150g of a liquid fertilizer (10-34-0) was charged to a 200 ml jar and agitated at 500 RPM. During agitation, 3-7.5 g of a LFR formulation according to the present disclosure was added and the mixture was agitated for 2 minutes. The mixture was then poured into a 100 ml graduate cylinder and visually checked for phase separation. Selected samples were cross-checked using an analytical assay method to confirm homogeneity in liquid fertilizer, with sampling at the bottom of cylinder at the desired time for analytical assays.

[0101] Properties of compositions according to the present disclosure were measured as shown in the below table. Example Measurement Flutriafol (wt%) Average Flutriafol (wt%) Preparation 1 Preparation 2 501.13 1.13 1.13

[0102] It was observed that Examples 3 and 5 demonstrated especially good homogeneity over 8 hours of test time. It was also observed that Examples 12, 13, and 14 demonstrated especially good homogeneity over 6 hours of test time.

[0103] Example 3. Compositions according to the present disclosure including biological active ingredients.

[0104] Compositions according to the present disclosure were prepared as shown in the below table. RTI184 is Bacillus licheniformis strain RTI184, RTI301 is Bacillus velezensis strain RTI301, RTI477 is Bacillus subtilis strain RTI477, and RTI545 is Bacillus thuringiensis strain RTI545. Ingredients Example 22 Example 23 Example 24 Example 25

[0105] Properties of compositions according to the present disclosure were measured as shown in the below table. Viscosity data were recorded using a Brookfield viscometer spindle 3 at 5 RPM. Colony-forming units (CFUs) per mL were also measured for these formulations including biological active ingredients. CFUs per mL were unable to be measured for Example 22 due to a lack of homogeneity. ExampleParticle sizeViscosity Density CFU / mL (D50 µm) pH(cps) (g / mL)

[0106] Liquid Fertilizer (LF) compatibility tests were performed as described above.

[0107] Properties of compositions according to the present disclosure were measured as shown in the below table. Ingredients Example 23 Example 24 Example 25 CFU / mL at 3 hours2.83E09 3.26E08 3.00E08CFU / mL at 4 hours2.90E09 3.70E08 2.38E088

[0108] p g geneity over 6 hours of test time. There was no observed reduction in CFU / mL over the testing.

[0109] Example 22 did not demonstrate homogeneity even before mixing with the LF, and therefore the CFUs / mL were unable to be measured. The active ingredient of Example 22 was therefore found to be incompatible with CSL.

[0110] The test data above indicate that compositions according to the present disclosure are surprisingly homogenous throughout compatibility tests, which indicates good physical stability. Thus, corn steep liquor may be used as a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent and also provides inherent safety and fertilizer benefits.

[0111] While this disclosure has been described with an emphasis upon preferred embodiments, it will be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations in the preferred compositions and methods can be used and that it is intended that the disclosure can be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this disclosure includes all modifications encompassed within the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the claims that follow.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A composition comprising: a) an agrochemical active ingredient; b) a dispersant; c) a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent comprising corn steep liquor and optionally a thickener; d) a freeze-thaw stabilizer, and e) optionally, a preservative.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the dispersant is selected from sulfonated aromatic polymer sodium salts, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate condensate sodium salts, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate salts, naphthalene sulfonate salts, naphthalene sulfonate condensates, naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensates, naphthalenesulfonic acid polymers with formaldehyde and sodium, naphthalene sulfonate condensate sodium salts, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate- formaldehyde condensates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate salts, sodium lignosulfonate, calcium lignosulfonate, lignosulfonic acid sodium salt, lignosulfonic acid, phenol sulfonate condensates, polyacrylic acids, polymethacrylic acids, polyacrylates, polyacrylate graft copolymers, sodium salt of fatty acid methyl tauride, sodium salt of a cresol-formaldehyde condensation product, styrene acrylic copolymers, phosphate esters, alkoxylate fatty alcohol phosphate esters, aryl phenol ethoxylate phosphate esters, aryl phenol ethoxylate sulfate esters, maleic acid / acrylic acid copolymers, maleic acid / olefin copolymers, alkyl diphenyloxide sulfonates, salts of vinyl ether polymers and copolymers, ethoxylated phosphate ester salts, sugar-derivatives, sucrose esters, alkyl polyglycosides, alkyl polysaccharides, copolymers thereof, salts thereof, and combinations thereof.

3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the salt comprises a sodium or potassium salt.

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the liquid fertilizer compatibility agent further comprises a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent selected from clays, attapulgite clay, microfibrillated cellulose, gum arabic, silicas, fumed silica, and combinations thereof.

5. The composition of claim 1, comprising: a) from about 0.1% to about 40% of the agrochemical active ingredient; b) from about 0.2% to about 20% of the dispersant; c) from 0.5% to about 65% of the liquid fertilizer compatibility agent comprising corn steep liquor and optionally a thickener; d) from about 1% to about 10% of the freeze-thaw stabilizer, and e) from 0.01% to about 1% of the preservative, wherein all % are % by weight based on the total weight of all components in the composition.

6. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a liquid fertilizer and optionally water.

7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the liquid fertilizer is aqueous-based.

8. The composition of claim 6, wherein the liquid fertilizer is present in a concentration in a range of from about 40.0% by weight to about 99.99% by weight based on the total weight of all components in the composition.

9. The composition of claim 1, further comprising at least one additive selected from surfactants, wetting agents, anti-foam agents, preservatives, biocides, and combinations thereof.

10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the freeze-thaw stabilizer comprises glycerin, propylene glycol, urea, ammonium sulfate, and combinations thereof.

11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the agrochemical active ingredient is selected from insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, nematicides, plant growth regulators (PGR), pheromones, biologicals, and combinations thereof.

12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the agrochemical active ingredient is selected from cyantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole, bifenthrin, flutriafol, species of Bacillus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus paralicheniformis, Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, and combination thereof.

13. A method of preparing a composition, the method comprising forming a mixture comprising: a) an agrochemical active ingredient; b) a dispersant;c) a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent comprising corn steep liquor and optionally a thickener; d) a freeze-thaw stabilizer, and e) optionally, a preservative.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the mixture further comprises a liquid fertilizer.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the mixture further comprises at least one additive selected from surfactants, wetting agents, anti-foam agents, preservatives, biocides, and combinations thereof.

16. A method for controlling a pest, the method comprising contacting the pest or its environment with a composition comprising: a) an agrochemical active ingredient; b) a dispersant; c) a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent comprising corn steep liquor and optionally a thickener; d) a freeze-thaw stabilizer, and e) optionally, a preservative.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the composition further comprises a liquid fertilizer and optionally water.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the composition further comprises at least one additive selected from surfactants, wetting agents, anti-foam agents, preservatives, biocides, and combinations thereof.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein contacting the pest or its environment with a composition comprises applying the composition with an applicator selected from land-based sprayers, tractors, knapsacks, aerial-based sprayers, drones, and combinations thereof.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein the agrochemical active ingredient is present in a biologically effective amount.

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