An emulsifiable concentrate having an amide / ester / co-solvent solvent system

Abstract

An emulsifiable concentrate (EC) comprising one or more pesticides, one or more emulsifiers, and a solvent system (S) comprising, more preferably consisting of: a) one or more amide solvents (S1) having a water solubility of less than 1.50% w / w; b) one or more ester solvents (S2) having a water solubility of less than 1.50% w / w; and c) one or more co-solvents (S3) having a water solubility of greater than 1.50% w / w.

Description

[0001] An emulsifiable concentrate having an amide / ester / co-solvent solvent system Field of the Invention The present invention is directed to an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) comprising one or more pesticides, one or more emulsifiers and a solvent system (S) comprising one or more amide solvents, one or more ester solvents and one or more (partially) water soluble co- solvents, to an emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation formed from said emulsifiable concentrate (EC), and to the use of ester solvents for improving the stability of an emulsion- in-water formulation wherein the non-aqueous phase contains an amide solvent and a (partially) water soluble co-solvent. Background to the Invention When preparing agrochemical formulations, it is usually required to dissolve the agrochemically active ingredient, e.g. one or more pesticides in a solvent, which is then diluted in a larger volume of water in order for it to be applied in the form of a fine spray. Alternatively, it may be necessary to dilute the agrochemically active ingredient in a solution and load it onto a seed or solid carrier. Whilst some agrochemically active ingredients are salts and thus highly water-soluble, allowing for simply dissolution, many other non-ionic agrochemically active ingredients are hydrophobic and not at all water-soluble. In the case of active ingredients that are not water-soluble, it is normally necessary to dissolve the formulation in a water-immiscible solvent and add one or more surfactants, so that the solution will form an oil-in-water emulsion, when added to water. Such a formulation is called an Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) formulation. Alternatively, the water- immiscible solution comprising active ingredient can be pre-emulsified in water in a concentrated form. Such a formulation is called an Emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation. Water-immiscible solvents commonly used for EC and EW formulations include, but are not limited to, aromatic hydrocarbons such as the SOLVESSO® series, paraffinic hydrocarbons such as the EXXSOL ® range, ester solvents such as the EXXATE® range, all of which are manufactured by EXXONMOBIL, and ester solvents such as methyloleate. Further, solvents that are water-immiscible at high concentration include cyclic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexanone and isophorone. In more recent times, solvents that exhibit improved toxicity and reduced flammability profiles have been used. These include the dibasic ester solvents of long chain di-acids having from 8-16 carbon units, which are usually methyl ester derivatives, and fatty acid amide solvents, examples of which are the dimethylamide and morpholineamide derivatives of C6-C16fatty acids. Whilst these solvents may have benefits such as improved emulsion stability, improved solubility properties and low melting temperatures, few solvents have a good balance of all 3. The ester-based solvents described above have very good emulsion stability and mid-range melting points, but often have poor active ingredient solubility. The amide-based solvents described above have very good active ingredient solvency and emulsion stability but rather high melting points, limiting their application as a solvent in emulsifiable concentrates that might either be stored or employed at low temperatures. Finally, solvents that combine reasonable active ingredient solubility with low melting points, such as propylene carbonate, tend to have very poor emulsion stability, generally due to having undesirably high water solubility. Whilst the simplicity of a single solvent system has its advantages, it is very difficult to achieve a balance of all properties required for an effective emulsifiable concentrate and highly-engineered solvents are often more expensive that the simple solvents described above. As such, more complicated solvents systems able to achieve an impressive balance of these properties is required, preferably wherein the use of relatively low-cost solvents is employed, thus achieving high cost efficiency. Summary of the Invention The finding of the present invention is that an emulsifiable concentrate comprising a combination of one or more water insoluble amide solvents, one or more water insoluble ester solvents, and one or more (partially) water soluble co-solvents achieves a particularly beneficial balance of pesticide solubility, emulsion stability and low temperature emulsifiable concentrate stability. In a first aspect, the present invention is directed to an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) comprising one or more pesticides, one or more emulsifiers, and a solvent system (S) comprising, more preferably consisting of: a) one or more amide solvents (S1) having a water solubility of less than 1.50% w / w; b) one or more ester solvents (S2) having a water solubility of less than 1.50% w / w; and c) one or more co-solvents (S3) having a water solubility of greater than 1.50% w / w. In a further aspect, the present invention is directed to an emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation, comprising an aqueous phase and a non-aqueous phase, wherein the non- aqueous phase is the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) of the first aspect. In a final aspect, the present invention is directed to a use of one or more ester solvents (S2) having a water solubility of less than 1.50% w / w for improving the stability of an emulsion-in-water formulation, wherein the non-aqueous phase comprises one or more amide solvents (S1) having a water solubility of less than 1.50% w / w and one or more co- solvents (S3) having a water solubility of greater than 1.50 % w / w. Definitions Emulsifiable concentrates are typically optically transparent oily liquid formulations that are prepared by dissolving a certain amount of pesticide in organic solvents (such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and solvent oil), which may also contain surfactants (i.e. emulsifiers) and other additives. These concentrates are suitable for dispersion within an aqueous phase to form an emulsion-in-water formulation. Emulsifiable concentrates must be monophasic, i.e. the pesticide and any emulsifiers must be completely soluble in the organic solvent at the concentrations used. An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible, wherein one liquid forms a dispersed phase, suspended as tiny droplets within the other liquid, which is known as the continuous phase. Emulsions are typically referred to as oil-in-water (i.e. the water is the continuous phase) or water-in-oil (i.e. the oil is the continuous phase). In the context of agrochemical formulations, oil-in-water emulsions, known as emulsion-in-water formulations are often used to disperse hydrophobic pesticides across fields of crop plants. The U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines a pesticide as "any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest". A pesticide may be a chemical substance or biological agent (such as a virus or bacteria) used against pests including insects, plant pathogens, weeds, molluscs, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms) and microbes that compete with humans for food, destroy property, spread disease or are a nuisance. In the context of agrochemical formulations, pesticides are used to actively target pests, typically fungi, insects, and / or weed plants, without unduly harming the crop plant. In the context of the present invention, alkyl refers to linear and branched chains alkyl chains, whilst aryl refers to any aromatic carbocyclic ring system, being either a single ring, for example phenyl group or a fused ring system, for example a naphthyl group or an anthracenyl group. Detailed Description In a first aspect, the present invention is directed to an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) comprising one or more pesticides, one or more emulsifiers, and a solvent system (S) comprising, more preferably consisting of: a) one or more amide solvents (S1); b) one or more ester solvents (S2); and c) one or more co-solvents (S3). The solvent system (S) One essential component of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) is the solvent system. The solvent system (S) comprises, more preferably consists of: a) one or more amide solvents (S1); b) one or more ester solvents (S2); and c) one or more co-solvents (S3). It is preferred that the solvent system (S) consists of: a) from 1 to 80% w / w, more preferably from 10 to 60% w / w, yet more preferably from 20 to 50% w / w, relative to the total weight of the solvent system (S), most preferably from 30 to 50% w / w, of the one or more amide solvents (S1); b) from 1 to 80% w / w, more preferably from 5 to 60% w / w, yet more preferably in the range from 5 to 45% w / w, further preferably in the range from 5 to 40% w / w, yet further preferably in the range from 10 to 45% w / w, most preferably from 10 to 40% w / w, relative to the total weight of the solvent system (S), of the one or more ester solvents (S2); and c) from 1 to 80% w / w, more preferably from 10 to 60% w / w, yet more preferably in the range from 15 to 60% % w / w, further preferably in the range from 15 to 50 % w / w, yet further preferably from 20 to 50% w / w, yet more further preferably in the range from 23 to 60% w / w, most preferably in the range from 23 to 50% w / w, relative to the total weight of the solvent system (S), of the one or more co- solvents (S3), wherein the total amount of components a), b), and c) do not exceed 100%. Especially preferred amounts of the one or more amide solvents (S1), the one or more ester solvents (S2), and the one or more co-solvents (S3) are given in Table A: # (S1) (S2) (S3) # (S1) (S2) (S3) (%w / w) (%w / w) (%w / w) (%w / w) (%w / w) (%w / w) #1 1 to 80 1 to 80 1 to 80 #15 1 to 80 5 to 40 15 to 60 #2 1 to 80 1 to 80 10 to 60 #16 1 to 80 5 to 40 15 to 50 #3 1 to 80 1 to 80 15 to 60 #17 1 to 80 10 to 45 1 to 80 #4 1 to 80 1 to 80 15 to 50 #18 1 to 80 10 to 40 1 to 80 #5 1 to 80 5 to 60 1 to 80 #19 10 to 60 1 to 80 1 to 80 #6 1 to 80 5 to 60 10 to 60 #20 10 to 60 5 to 60 1 to 80 #7 1 to 80 5 to 60 15 to 60 #21 10 to 60 5 to 60 10 to 60 #8 1 to 80 5 to 60 15 to 50 #22 10 to 60 5 to 60 15 to 60 #9 1 to 80 5 to 45 1 to 80 #23 10 to 60 5 to 60 15 to 50 #10 1 to 80 5 to 45 10 to 60 #24 10 to 60 5 to 60 20 to 50 #11 1 to 80 5 to 45 15 to 60 #25 10 to 60 5 to 60 23 to 60 #12 1 to 80 5 to 45 15 to 50 #26 10 to 60 5 to 60 23 to 50 #13 1 to 80 5 to 40 1 to 80 #27 10 to 60 5 to 45 1 to 80 #14 1 to 80 5 to 40 10 to 60 #28 10 to 60 5 to 45 10 to 60 # (S1) (S2) (S3) # (S1) (S2) (S3) (%w / w) (%w / w) (%w / w) (%w / w) (%w / w) (%w / w) #29 10 to 60 5 to 45 15 to 60 #69 20 to 50 5 to 40 23 to 60 #30 10 to 60 5 to 45 15 to 50 #70 20 to 50 5 to 40 23 to 50 #31 10 to 60 5 to 45 20 to 50 #71 20 to 50 10 to 45 1 to 80 #32 10 to 60 5 to 45 23 to 60 #72 20 to 50 10 to 45 10 to 60 #33 10 to 60 5 to 45 23 to 50 #73 20 to 50 10 to 45 15 to 60 #34 10 to 60 5 to 40 1 to 80 #74 20 to 50 10 to 45 15 to 50 #35 10 to 60 5 to 40 10 to 60 #75 20 to 50 10 to 45 20 to 50 #36 10 to 60 5 to 40 15 to 60 #76 20 to 50 10 to 45 23 to 60 #37 10 to 60 5 to 40 15 to 50 #77 20 to 50 10 to 45 23 to 50 #38 10 to 60 5 to 40 20 to 50 #78 20 to 50 10 to 40 10 to 60 #39 10 to 60 5 to 40 23 to 60 #79 20 to 50 10 to 40 15 to 60 #40 10 to 60 5 to 40 23 to 50 #80 20 to 50 10 to 40 15 to 50 #41 10 to 60 10 to 45 1 to 80 #81 20 to 50 10 to 40 20 to 50 #42 10 to 60 10 to 45 10 to 60 #82 20 to 50 10 to 40 23 to 60 #43 10 to 60 10 to 45 15 to 60 #83 30 to 50 5 to 60 10 to 60 #44 10 to 60 10 to 45 15 to 50 #84 30 to 50 5 to 45 10 to 60 #45 10 to 60 10 to 45 20 to 50 #85 30 to 50 5 to 45 15 to 60 #46 10 to 60 10 to 45 23 to 60 #86 30 to 50 5 to 45 15 to 50 #47 10 to 60 10 to 45 23 to 50 #87 30 to 50 5 to 45 20 to 50 #48 10 to 60 10 to 40 1 to 80 #88 30 to 50 5 to 45 23 to 60 #49 10 to 60 10 to 40 10 to 60 #89 30 to 50 5 to 45 23 to 50 #50 10 to 60 10 to 40 15 to 60 #90 30 to 50 5 to 40 10 to 60 #51 10 to 60 10 to 40 15 to 50 #91 30 to 50 5 to 40 15 to 60 #52 10 to 60 10 to 40 20 to 50 #92 30 to 50 5 to 40 15 to 50 #53 10 to 60 10 to 40 23 to 60 #93 30 to 50 5 to 40 20 to 50 #54 10 to 60 10 to 40 23 to 50 #94 30 to 50 5 to 40 23 to 60 #55 20 to 50 5 to 60 10 to 60 #95 30 to 50 5 to 40 23 to 50 #56 20 to 50 5 to 60 15 to 60 #96 30 to 50 10 to 45 10 to 60 #57 20 to 50 5 to 60 15 to 50 #97 30 to 50 10 to 45 15 to 60 #58 20 to 50 5 to 60 20 to 50 #98 30 to 50 10 to 45 15 to 50 #59 20 to 50 5 to 45 10 to 60 #99 30 to 50 10 to 45 20 to 50 #60 20 to 50 5 to 45 15 to 60 #100 30 to 50 10 to 45 23 to 60 #61 20 to 50 5 to 45 15 to 50 #101 30 to 50 10 to 45 23 to 50 #62 20 to 50 5 to 45 20 to 50 #102 30 to 50 10 to 40 10 to 60 #63 20 to 50 5 to 45 23 to 60 #103 30 to 50 10 to 40 15 to 60 #64 20 to 50 5 to 45 23 to 50 #104 30 to 50 10 to 40 15 to 50 #65 20 to 50 5 to 40 10 to 60 #105 30 to 50 10 to 40 20 to 50 #66 20 to 50 5 to 40 15 to 60 #106 30 to 50 10 to 40 23 to 60 #67 20 to 50 5 to 40 15 to 50 #107 30 to 50 10 to 40 23 to 50 #68 20 to 50 5 to 40 20 to 50 One particularly preferred combination of ranges is #29, i.e. from 10 to 60% w / w of (S1), from 5 to 45% w / w of (S2), and from 15 to 60% w / w of (S3). The solvent system (S) preferably makes up an amount in the range from 1 to 90% w / w, more preferably in the range from 10 to 85% w / w, most preferably in the range from 25 to 80% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC). In the context of the present invention, the solvent system is a combination of all solvents present in the emulsifiable concentrate (EC). In other words, the emulsifiable concentrate cannot contain any further solvents than those of the solvent system (S). In embodiments where the solvent system (S) consists of a certain combination of solvents, only those solvents may be present in the emulsifiable concentrate (EC). The solvent system (S) has a particularly beneficial balance of properties including pesticide solubility, melting point and emulsion stability (of emulsions formed from said solvent system), a balance of properties that is difficult to achieve only one or two solvents. The individual components of the solvent system (S) are described in more detail below. The one or more amide solvents (S1) One essential component of the solvent system (S) is the one or more amide solvents (S1). The one or more amide solvents (S1) each have a water solubility of less than 1.50% w / w. It is preferred that at least one of the one or more amide solvents (S1), more preferably each of the one or more amide solvents (S1), has a water solubility of less than or equal to 1.00 % w / w. It is further preferred that at least one of the one or more amide solvents (S1), more preferably each of the one or more amide solvents (S1), has a water solubility of less than or equal to 0.50 % w / w. Preferably, at least one of the one or more amide solvents (S1), more preferably each of the one or more amide solvents (S1), has a melting temperature in the range from –100 to 20 °C, more preferably in the range from –60 to 15 °C, most preferably in the range from –40 to 10 °C. Preferably, at least one of the one or more amide solvents (S1), more preferably each of the one or more amide solvents (S1), has a pour point, determined according to DIN ISO 3016, in the range from –100 to 20 °C, more preferably in the range from –60 to 15 °C, most preferably in the range from –40 to 10 °C. Preferably, the combined total of the one or more amide solvents (S1), has a pour point, determined according to DIN ISO 3016, in the range from –100 to 20 °C, more preferably in the range from –60 to 15 °C, most preferably in the range from –40 to 10 °C. Preferably, at least one of the one or more amide solvents (S1), more preferably each of the one or more amide solvents (S1), has from 7 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 9 to 17 carbon atoms, most preferably from 11 to 15 carbon atoms. Preferably, at least one of the one or more amide solvents (S1), more preferably each of the one or more amide solvents (S1), has a flash point, determined according to ISO 2719, of at least 40 °C, more preferably of at least 50 °C, most preferably at least 60 °C. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the one or more amide solvents (S1) are selected from the group consisting of dimethyl hexanamide, dimethyl heptanamide, dimethyl octanamide, dimethyl nonanamide, dimethyl decanamide, dimethyl undecanamide, dimethyl dodecanamide, dimethyl tridecanamide, dimethyl tetradecanamide, dimethyl pentadecanamide, dimethyl hexadecanamide, dimethyl heptadecanamide, dimethyl octadecanamide, dimethyl nonadecanamide, dimethyl icosanamide and unsaturated variants thereof, such as dimethyl soyate amide, dimethyl canolate amide and dimethyl oleanamide, as well as fatty acid dimethylamide mixtures, such as C6-C10fatty acid dimethylamide and C12-C18fatty acid dimethylamide, and combinations of any of the above. The total amount of the one or more amide solvents (S1) is preferably in the range from 1 to 80% w / w, more preferably from 10 to 60% w / w, yet more preferably from 20 to 50% w / w, most preferably from 30 to 50% w / w, relative to the total weight of the solvent system (S). The total amount of the one or more amide solvents (S1) is preferably in the range from 1 to 70% w / w, more preferably from 3 to 50% w / w, most preferably from 5 to 40% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC). The one or more ester solvents (S2) Another essential component of the solvent system (S) is the one or more ester solvents (S2). The one or more ester solvents (S2) each have a water solubility of less than 1.50% w / w. It is preferred that at least one of the one or more ester solvents (S2), more preferably each of the one or more ester solvents (S2), has a water solubility of less than or equal to 1.00 % w / w. It is further preferred that at least one of the one or more ester solvents (S2), more preferably each of the one or more ester solvents (S2), has a water solubility of less than or equal to 0.50 % w / w. Preferably, at least one of the one or more ester solvents (S2), more preferably each of the one or more ester solvents (S2), has a melting temperature in the range from –100 to 40 °C, more preferably in the range from –80 to 20 °C, most preferably in the range from –70 to 10 °C. Preferably, at least one of the one or more ester solvents (S2), more preferably each of the one or more ester solvents (S2), has a pour point, determined according to DIN ISO 3016, in the range from –100 to 40 °C, more preferably in the range from –80 to 20 °C, most preferably in the range from –70 to 10 °C. Preferably, the combined total of the one or more ester solvents (S2), has a pour point, determined according to DIN ISO 3016, in the range from –100 to 20 °C, more preferably in the range from –80 to 15 °C, most preferably in the range from –70 to 10 °C. Preferably, at least one of the one or more ester solvents (S2), more preferably each of the one or more ester solvents (S2), has from 2 to 25 carbon atoms, more preferably from 4 to 22 carbon atoms, most preferably from 7 to 20 carbon atoms. Preferably, at least one of the one or more ester solvents (S2), more preferably each of the one or more ester solvents (S2), has a flash point, determined according to ISO 2719, of at least 40 °C, more preferably of at least 50 °C, most preferably at least 60 °C. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the one or more ester solvents (S2) are selected from the group consisting of methyl hexanoate, methyl heptanoate, methyl octanoate, methyl nonanoate, methyl decanoate, methyl undecanoate, methyl dodecanoate, methyl tridecanoate, methyl tetradecanoate, methyl pentadecanoate, methyl hexadecanoate, methyl heptadecanoate, methyl octadecanoate, methyl nonadecanoate, methyl icosanoate, methyl isononoate, 1-ethylhexyl palimatate, caprylic / capric triglyceride, propylene glycol dicaprylate / dicaprate, Propane-1,2,3-triyl 2-ethylhexanoate, 2,2- bis[(octanoyloxy)methyl]butyl decanoate, Trimethylolpropane trioleate, 2-ethylhexyl acetate, dibutyl adipate, and 2-ethylhexyl cocoate, and unsaturated variants thereof, such as methyl soyate ester, methyl canolate ester and methyl oleate, as well as fatty acid methyl ester mixtures, such as C6-C10fatty acid methyl ester and C12-C18fatty acid methyl ester, and combinations of any of the above. The total amount of the one or more ester solvents (S2) is preferably in the range from 1 to 80% w / w, more preferably from 5 to 60% w / w, yet more preferably in the range from 5 to 45% w / w, further preferably in the range from 5 to 40% w / w, yet further preferably in the range from 10 to 45% w / w, most preferably from 10 to 40% w / w, relative to the total weight of the solvent system (S). The total amount of the one or more ester solvents (S2) is preferably in the range from 1 to 70% w / w, more preferably from 3 to 50% w / w, most preferably from 5 to 40% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC). The one or more co-solvents (S3) The final essential component of the solvent system (S) is the one or more co-solvents (S3). The one or more co-solvents (S3) each have a water solubility of greater than 1.50% w / w. It is preferred that at least one of the one or more co-solvents (S3), more preferably each of the one or more co-solvents (S3), has a water solubility of greater than or equal to 2.00 % w / w. It is further preferred that at least one of the one or more ester solvents (S2), more preferably each of the one or more co-solvents (S3), has a water solubility of greater than or equal to 3.00 % w / w. Preferably, at least one of the one or more co-solvents (S3), more preferably each of the one or more co-solvents (S3), has a melting temperature in the range from –100 to 0 °C, more preferably in the range from –90 to –5 °C, most preferably in the range from –80 to – 10 °C. Preferably, at least one of the one or more co-solvents (S3), more preferably each of the one or more co-solvents (S3), has a pour point, determined according to DIN ISO 3016, in the range from –100 to 0 °C, more preferably in the range from –90 to –5 °C, most preferably in the range from –80 to –10 °C. Preferably, the combined total of the one or more co-solvents (S3), has a pour point, determined according to DIN ISO 3016, in the range from –100 to 0 °C, more preferably in the range from –90 to –5 °C, most preferably in the range from –80 to –10 °C. Preferably, at least one of the one or more co-solvents (S3), more preferably each of the one or more co-solvents (S3), has from 2 to 25 carbon atoms. Preferably, at least one of the one or more co-solvents (S3), more preferably each of the one or more co-solvents (S3), has a flash point, determined according to ISO 2719, of at least 40 °C, more preferably of at least 50 °C, most preferably at least 60 °C. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the one or more co-solvents (S3) are selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, glycerine carbonate, hexyl glycol, hexylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol, butyl glycol, butyldiglycol, butoxypropan-2-ol, dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, di(ethylene glycol)monomethyl ether, di(ethylene glycol)ethyl ether, di(ethylene glycol)monopropyl ether, 3-methoxy-3-methyl-1- butanol, methoxypropanol, N,N-dimethyl lactamide, ethyl lactate, propyl lactate, butyl lactate, cyclohexanone, benzyl alcohol, triethyl citrate, gamma butyrolactone, gamma caprolactone, methyl levulinate, ethyl levulinate, 1,2-isopropylidengylcerol (solketal), glycerinformal, n-methyl pyrrolidone, n-ethyl pyrrolidone, n-butyl pyrrolidone, methyl 5- (dimethylamino)-2-methyl-5-oxopentanoate, dimethylacetoacetamide, diethylacetoacetamide, dimethylisosorbide, dihydrolevoglucosenone, methyl acetoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, dimethyl 3-methylglutarate and combinations of any of the above. In an especially preferred embodiment, the one or more co-solvents (S3) are selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate, hexyl glycol, propylene gycol, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, N,N-dimethyl lactamide, ethyl lactate, cyclohexanone, benzyl alcohol, triethyl citrate, gamma caprolactone, ethyl levulinate, 1,2-isopropylidengylcerol (solketal), hexlylene glycol and combinations of any of the above. The total amount of the one or more co-solvents (S3) is preferably in the range from 1 to 80% w / w, more preferably from 10 to 60% w / w, yet more preferably in the range from 15 to 60% % w / w, further preferably in the range from 15 to 50 % w / w, yet further preferably from 20 to 50% w / w, yet more further preferably in the range from 23 to 60% w / w, most preferably in the range from 23 to 50% w / w relative to the total weight of the solvent system (S). The total amount of the one or more co-solvents (S3) is preferably in the range from 1 to 70% w / w, more preferably from 3 to 50% w / w, most preferably from 5 to 40% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC). The one or more pesticides Another essential component of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) is one or more pesticides. The one or more pesticides of the present invention are not limited. A pesticide is generally a chemical or biological agent (such as pesticidal active ingredient, compound, composition, virus, bacterium, antimicrobial, or disinfectant) that through its effect deters, incapacitates, kills or otherwise discourages pests. Target pests can include insects, plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms), and microbes that destroy property, cause nuisance, spread disease or are vectors for disease. The term “pesticide” includes also plant growth regulators that alter the expected growth, flowering, or reproduction rate of plants; defoliants that cause leaves or other foliage to drop from a plant, usually to facilitate harvest; desiccants that promote drying of living tissues, such as unwanted plant tops; plant activators that activate plant physiology for defense of against certain pests; safeners that reduce unwanted herbicidal action of pesticides on crop plants; and plant growth promoters that affect plant physiology e.g. to increase plant growth, biomass, yield or any other quality parameter of the harvestable goods of a crop plant. The following lists of pesticides that are suitable for use in emulsifiable concentrates of the invention , is intended to illustrate the possible combinations but does not limit them: A) Respiration inhibitors - inhibitors of complex III at Qo site: azoxystrobin, coumethoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, fenaminstrobin, fenoxystrobin / flufenoxystrobin, fluoxastro-bin, kresoxim-methyl, mandestrobin, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, pyribencarb, triclopyricarb / chlorodincarb, famoxadone, fenamidone, pyriminostrobin, bifujunzhi, metyltetraprole; - inhibitors of complex III at Qi site: cyazofamid, amisulbrom, fenpicoxamid, florylpicoxamid, metarylpicoxamid; - inhibitors of complex II: benodanil, benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, fluopyram, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, isofetamid, isopyrazam, mepronil, oxycarboxin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, pydiflumetofen, pyraziflumid, sedaxane, tecloftalam, thifluzamide, inpyrfluxam, pyrapropoyne, fluindapyr, isoflucypram, cyclobutrifluram; - other respiration inhibitors: diflumetorim; nitrophenyl derivates: binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap, fluazinam, meptyldinocap; ferimzone; organometal compounds: fentin salts, e.g. fentin-acetate, fentin chloride or fentin hydroxide; silthiofam; - quinone outside inhibitor stigmatellin binding type: ametoctradin; B) Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBI fungicides) - C14 demethylase inhibitors: triazoles: azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazole, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole , fluoxytioconazole, ipfentrifluconazole, mefentrifluconazole; imidazoles: imazalil, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizol; pyrimidines, pyridines, piperazines: fenarimol, pyrifenox, triforine; - Delta14-reductase inhibitors: aldimorph, dodemorph, dodemorph-acetate, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, piperalin, spiroxamine; - Inhibitors of 3-keto reductase: fenhexamid, fenpyrazamine; - other Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors: chlorphenomizole; C) Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors - RNA polymerase I inhibitors: benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, kiralaxyl, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, ofurace, oxadixyl; - other nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors: hymexazole, octhilinone, oxolinic acid, bupirimate, 5-fluorocytosine, ipflufenoquin, quinofumelin; D) Inhibitors of cell division and cytoskeleton - tubulin polymerization inhibitors: benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl, pyridachlometyl; - other cell division inhibitors: diethofencarb, ethaboxam, pencycuron, fluopicolide, zoxamide, metrafenone, pyriofenone, phenamacril, fluopimomide; E) Inhibitors of amino acid and protein synthesis - methionine synthesis inhibitors: cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil; - protein synthesis inhibitors: blasticidin-S, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride- hydrate, mildiomycin, streptomycin, oxytetracyclin; F) Signal transduction inhibitors - MAP / histidine kinase inhibitors: fluoroimid, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin, fludioxonil; - mechanism unknown: quinoxyfen, proquinazid; G) Lipid and membrane synthesis inhibitors - Phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitors: edifenphos, iprobenfos, pyrazophos, isoprothiolane; - lipid peroxidation: dicloran, quintozene, tecnazene, tolclofos-methyl, biphenyl, chloroneb, etridiazole; - compounds affecting cell membrane permeability and fatty acides: propamocarb; - inhibitors of oxysterol binding protein: oxathiapiprolin, fluoxapiprolin; H) Inhibitors with Multi Site Action - inorganic active substances: Bordeaux mixture, copper, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur; - thio- and dithiocarbamates: ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metam, metiram, propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram; - organochlorine compounds: anilazine, chlorothalonil, captafol, captan, folpet, dichlofluanid, dichlorophen, hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorphenole and its salts, phthalide, tolylfluanid; - guanidines and others: guanidine, dodine, dodine free bas, guazatine, guazatine- acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine-triacetate, iminoctadine-tris(albesilate), dithianon, fluoroimide, methasulfocarb, chinomethionat; I) Cell wall synthesis inhibitors - inhibitors of glucan synthesis: validamycin, polyoxin B; - melanin synthesis inhibitors: pyroquilon, tricyclazole, carpropamid, dicyclomet, fenoxanil, tolprocarb; - cellulose synthase inhibitors: dimethomorph, flumorph, mandipropamid, pyrimorph, benthiavalicarb, iprovalicarb, valifenalate; J) Plant defence inducers - acibenzolar-S-methyl, probenazol, isotianil, tiadinil, prohexadione-calcium; phosphonates: fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, phosphorous acid and its salts, calcium phosphonate, potassium phosphonate, potassium or sodium bicarbonate, dichlobentiazox; K) Unknown mode of action - bronopol, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, dazomet, debacarb, diclocymet, diclomezine, difenzoquat, difenzoquat-methylsulfate, diphenylamin, fenitropan, fenpyrazamine, flumetover, flumetylsulforim, flusulfamide, flutianil, harpin, nitrapyrin, nitrothal-isopropyl, oxin-copper, seboctylamine, tebufloquin, tecloftalam, triazoxide, pyrisoxazole, , benziothiazolinone, bromothalonil, aminopyrifen, flufenoxadiazam; L) Biopesticides L1) Microbial pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal and / or plant defense activator activity: Ampelomyces quisqualis, Aspergillus flavus, Aureobasidium pullulans, Bacillus altitudinis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum (also referred to as B. velezensis), B. megaterium, B. mojavensis, B. mycoides, B. pumilus, B. simplex, B. solisalsi, B. subtilis, B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens, B. velezensis, Candida oleo-phila, C. saitoana, Clavibacter michiganensis (bacteriophages), Coniothyrium minitans, Cryphonectria parasitica, Cryptococcus albidus, Dilophosphora alopecuri, Fusarium oxysporum, Clonostachys rosea f. catenulate (also named Gliocladium catenulatum), Gliocladium roseum, Lysobacter antibioticus, L. enzymogenes, Metschnikowia fructi-cola, Microdochium dimerum, Microsphaeropsis ochracea, Muscodor albus, Paeni-bacillus alvei, Paenibacillus epiphyticus, P. polymyxa, Pantoea vagans, Penicillium bilaiae, Phlebiopsis gigantea, Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas chloraphis, Pseudo-zyma flocculosa, Pichia anomala, Pythium oligandrum, Sphaerodes mycoparasitica, Streptomyces griseoviridis, S. lydicus, S. violaceusniger, Talaromyces flavus, Tricho-derma asperelloides, T. asperellum, T. atroviride, T. fertile, T. gamsii, T. harmatum, T. harzianum, T. polysporum, T. stromaticum, T. virens, T. viride, Typhula phacorrhiza, Ulocladium oudemansii, Verticillium dahlia, zucchini yellow mosaic virus (avirulent strain); L2) Biochemical pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal and / or plant defense activator activity: harpin protein, Reynoutria sachalinensis extract; L3) Microbial pesticides with insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscidal and / or nematicidal activity: Agrobacterium radiobacter, Bacillus cereus, B. firmus, B. thuringiensis, B. thuringiensis ssp. aizawai, B. t. ssp. israelensis, B. t. ssp. galleriae, B. t. ssp. kurstaki, B. t. ssp. tene-brionis, Beauveria bassiana, B. brongniartii, Burkholderia spp., Chromobacterium sub-tsugae, Cydia pomonella granulovirus, Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus, Flavobacterium spp., Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus, Helicoverpa zea nucleopolyhedrovirus, Helicoverpa zea single capsid nucleopolyhedrovirus, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Isaria fumosorosea, Lecanicillium longisporum, L. muscarium, Metarhizium anisopliae, M. anisopliae var. anisopliae, M. anisopliae var. acridum, Nomuraea rileyi, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, P. lilacinus, Paenibacillus popilliae, Pasteuria spp., P. nishizawae, P. penetrans, P. ramosa, P. thornea, P. usgae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus, Steinernema carpocapsae, S. feltiae, S. kraussei, Streptomyces galbus, S. microflavus; L4) Biochemical pesticides with insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscidal, pheromone and / or nematicidal activity: L-carvone, citral, (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-yl acetate, ethyl formate, (E,Z)-2,4-ethyl decadienoate (pear ester), (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal, heptyl buty-rate, isopropyl myristate, lavanulyl senecioate, cis-jasmone, 2-methyl 1 butanol, methyl eugenol, methyl jasmonate, (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate, (E,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol, (R)-1-octen-3-ol, pentatermanone, (E,Z,Z) 3,8,11- tetradecatrienyl acetate, (Z,E) 9,12-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate, (Z) 7 tetradecen-2-one, (Z)- 9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, (Z)-11-tetradecenal, (Z)-11-tetra-decen-1-ol, extract of Chenopodium ambrosiodes, Neem oil, Quillay extract; L5) Microbial pesticides with plant stress reducing, plant growth regulator, plant growth promoting and / or yield enhancing activity: Azospirillum amazonense, A. brasilense, A. lipoferum, A. irakense, A. halopraeferens, Bradyrhizobium spp., B. elkanii, B. japonicum, B. liaoningense, B. lupini, Delftia acidovorans, Glomus intraradices, Mesorhizobium spp., Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli, R. l. bv. trifolii, R. l. bv. viciae, R. tropici, Sinorhizobium meliloti; O) Insecticides from classes O.1 to O.29 O.1 Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitors: aldicarb, alanycarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, trimethacarb, XMC, xylylcarb, triazamate; acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphosmethyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos / DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicyafos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos- methyl, profenofos, propetamphos, pro-thiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, trichlorfon, vamidothion; O.2 GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists: endosulfan, chlordane; ethiprole, fipronil, flufiprole, pyrafluprole, pyriprole; O.3 Sodium channel modulators: acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cylclopentenyl, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma- cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, empenthrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, meperfluthrin, metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon- momfluorothrin, permethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, pyrethrin (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin; DDT, methoxychlor; O.4 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists: acetamiprid, clothianidin, cycloxaprid, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam; nicotine; sulfoxaflor, flupyradifurone, triflumezopyrim, fenmezoditiaz, flupyrimin; O.5 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric activators: spinosad, spinetoram; O.6 Chloride channel activators: abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin, milbemectin; O.7 Juvenile hormone mimics: hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene; fenoxycarb, pyriproxyfen; O.8 miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors: methyl bromide and other alkyl halides; chloropicrin, sulfuryl fluoride, borax, tartar emetic; O.9 Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators: afidopyropen, pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazon; O.10 Mite growth inhibitors: clofentezine, hexythiazox, diflovidazin; etoxazole; O.11 Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes: Bacillus thuringiensis, B. sphaericus and the insecticdal proteins they produce: Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, B. sphaericus, B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis, the Bt crop proteins: Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34 / 35Ab1; O.12 Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase: diafenthiuron; azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, propargite, tetradifon; O.13 Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient: chlorfenapyr, DNOC, sulfluramid; O.14 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers: bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam, thiosultap sodium; O.15 Inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 0: bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron; O.16 Inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 1: buprofezin; O.17 Moulting disruptors: cyromazine; O.18 Ecdyson receptor agonists: methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, halofenozide, fufenozide, chromafenozide; O.19 Octopamin receptor agonists: amitraz; O.20 Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors: hydramethylnon, acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim, bifenazate; O.21 Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors: fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad; rotenone; O.22 Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers: indoxacarb, metaflumizone; O.23 Inhibitors of the of acetyl CoA carboxylase: spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat, spiropidion, spirobudifen, spidoxamat; O.24 Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors: aluminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine, zinc phosphide, cyanide; O.25 Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors: cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen, cyetpyrafen, pyflubumide; O.28 Ryanodine receptor-modulators: chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, flubendiamide, fluchlodiniliprole; tetrachlorantraniliprole; tetraniliprole; tiorantraniliprole; cyhalodiamide; O.29 Chordotonal organ modulators: flonicamid; O.30 GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulators: broflanilide, fluxametamide, isocycloseram; O.33 Calcium-activated potassium channel modulators: acynonapyr; O.34 Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors at Qi site: flometoquin; O.UN Insecticidal compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action: afoxolaner, azadirachtin, amidoflumet, benzoximate, bromopropylate, chinomethionat, cryolite, cyproflanilid, dicloromezotiaz, dicofol, dimpropyridaz, flufenerim, flometoquin, flu-ensulfone, fluhexafon, fluopyram, fluralaner, metaldehyde, metoxadiazone, piperonyl but-oxide, pyridalyl, tioxazafen, trifluenfuronate, umifoxolaner, actives on basis of Bacillus firmus (Votivo); fluazaindolizine; tyclopyrazoflor; sarolaner, lotilaner; benzpyrimoxan; tigolaner; oxazosulfyl; cyproflanilide, nicofluprole; indazapyroxamet; flupentiofenox; cyclobutrifluram. P) Herbicides from the classes P1 to P15 P1) lipid biosynthesis inhibitors: - ACC-herbicides: alloxydim, alloxydim-sodium, butroxydim, clethodim, clodinafop, clodinafop-propargyl, cycloxydim, cyhalofop, cyhalofop-butyl, diclofop, diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fluazifop, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-P, fluazifop-P-butyl, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-P, haloxyfop-P- methyl, metamifop, pinoxaden, profoxydim, propaquizafop, quizalofop, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-tefuryl, quizalofop-P, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-tefuryl, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim, tralkoxydim; - non ACC herbicides: benfuresate, butylate, cycloate, dalapon, dimepiperate, EPTC, esprocarb, ethofumesate, flupropanate, molinate, orbencarb, pebulate, prosulfocarb, TCA, thiobencarb, tiocarbazil, triallate and vernolate; P2) ALS inhibitors: - sulfonylureas: amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethametsulfuron, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, halosulfuron- methyl, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, iofensulfuron, iofensulfuron-sodium, mesosulfuron, metazosulfuron, metsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, orthosulfamuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, propyrisulfuron, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron, tribenuron, tribenuron-methyl, trifloxysulfuron, triflusulfuron, triflusulfuron- methyl and tritosulfuron; - imidazolinones: imazamethabenz, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin and imazethapyr; - triazolopyrimidine herbicides and sulfonanilides: cloransulam, cloransulam-methyl, diclosulam, flumetsulam, florasulam, metosulam, penoxsulam, pyrimisulfan and pyroxsulam; - pyrimidinylbenzoates: bispyribac, bispyribac-sodium, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyriminobac, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrithiobac, pyrithiobac-sodium; - sulfonylaminocarbonyl-triazolinone herbicides: flucarbazone, flucarbazone-sodium, propoxycarbazone, propoxycarbazone-sodium, thiencarbazone and thiencarbazone-methyl; - and triafamone; P3) photosynthesis inhibitors: amicarbazone, inhibitors of the photosystem II, triazine herbicides, including of chlorotriazine, triazinones, triazindiones, methylthiotriazines and pyridazinones such as ametryn, atrazine, chloridazone, cyanazine, desmetryn, dimethametryn, hexazinone, metribuzin, prometon, prometryn, propazine, simazine, simetryn, terbumeton, terbuthylazin, terbutryn and trietazin, aryl urea such as chlorobromuron, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, dimefuron, diuron, fluometuron, isoproturon, isouron, linuron, metamitron, methabenzthiazuron, metobenzuron, metoxuron, monolinuron, neburon, siduron, tebuthiuron and thiadiazuron, phenyl carbamates such as desmedipham, karbutilat, phenmedipham, phenmedipham-ethyl, nitrile herbicides such as bromofenoxim, bromoxynil and its salts and esters, ioxynil and its salts and esters, uraciles such as bromacil, lenacil and terbacil, and bentazon and bentazon-sodium, pyridate, pyridafol, pentanochlor and propanil and inhibitors of the photosystem I such as diquat, diquat-dibromide, paraquat, paraquat- dichloride and paraquat-dimetilsulfate; P4) protoporphyrinogen-IX oxidase inhibitors: acifluorfen, acifluorfen-sodium, azafenidin, bencarbazone, benzfendizone, bifenox, butafenacil, carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlomethoxyfen, chlorphthalim, cinidon- ethyl, cyclopyranil, fluazolate, flufenpyr, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumiclorac, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluoroglycofen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, fluthiacet, fluthiacet-methyl, fomesafen, halosafen, lactofen, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen, pentoxazone, profluazol, pyraclonil, pyraflufen, pyraflufen-ethyl, saflufenacil, sulfentrazone, thidiazimin, tiafenacil, trifludimoxazin, epyrifenacil; P5) bleacher herbicides: - PDS inhibitors: beflubutamid, diflufenican, fluridone, flurochloridone, flurtamone, norflurazon, picolinafen, rimisoxafen; - HPPD inhibitors: benzobicyclon, benzofenap, bicyclopyrone, clomazone, fenquinotrione, isoxaflutole, mesotrione, oxotrione, pyrasulfotole, pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tolpyralate, topramezone, bipyrazone, fenpyrazone, cypyrafluone, tripyrasulfone, benquitrione, dioxopyritrione; - bleacher, unknown target: aclonifen, amitrole flumeturon, bixlozone; P6) EPSP synthase inhibitors: glyphosate, glyphosate-isopropylammonium, glyposate-potassium and glyphosate- trimesium (sulfosate); P7) glutamine synthase inhibitors: bilanaphos (bialaphos), bilanaphos-sodium, glufosinate, glufosinate-P and glufosinate-ammonium; P8) DHP synthase inhibitors: asulam; P9) mitosis inhibitors: - group K1: dinitroanilines: benfluralin, butralin, dinitramine, ethalfluralin, fluchloralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine and trifluralin; phosphoramidates: amiprophos, amiprophos-methyl, and butamiphos; benzoic acid herbicides: chlorthal, chlorthal-dimethyl; pyridines: dithiopyr and thiazopyr; benzamides: propyzamide and tebutam; - group K2: carbetamide, chlorpropham, flamprop, flamprop-isopropyl, flamprop-methyl, flamprop-M-isopropyl, flamprop-M-methyl and propham; P10) VLCFA inhibitors: - chloroacetamides: acetochlor, alachlor, amidochlor, butachlor, dimethachlor, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, metazachlor, metolachlor, metolachlor-S, pethoxamid, pretilachlor, propachlor, propisochlor and thenylchlor, - oxyacetanilides: flufenacet and mefenacet; - acetanilides: diphenamid, naproanilide, napropamide and napropamide-M; - tetrazolinones: fentrazamide; - other herbicides: anilofos, cafenstrole, fenoxasulfone, ipfencarbazone, piperophos, pyroxasulfone, dimesulfazet and isoxazoline; P11) cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors: chlorthiamid, dichlobenil, flupoxam, indaziflam, isoxaben, triaziflam; P12) decoupler herbicides: dinoseb, dinoterb and DNOC and its salts; P13) auxinic herbicides: 2,4-D and its salts and esters such as clacyfos, 2,4-DB and its salts and esters, aminocyclopyrachlor and its salts and esters, aminopyralid and its salts such as aminopyralid-dimethylammonium, aminopyralid-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium and its esters, benazolin, benazolin-ethyl, chloramben and its salts and esters, clomeprop, clopyralid and its salts and esters, dicamba and its salts and esters, dichlorprop and its salts and esters, dichlorprop-P and its salts and esters, flopyrauxifen, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr- butometyl, fluroxypyr-meptyl, halauxifen and its salts and esters; MCPA and its salts and esters, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB and its salts and esters, mecoprop and its salts and esters, mecoprop-P and its salts and esters, picloram and its salts and esters, quinclorac, quinmerac, TBA (2,3,6) and its salts and esters, triclopyr and its salts and esters, florpyrauxifen, florpyrauxifen-benzyl and 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-6- yl)picolinic acid; P14) auxin transport inhibitors: diflufenzopyr, diflufenzopyr-sodium, naptalam and naptalam-sodium; P15) other herbicides: bromobutide, chlorflurenol, chlorflurenol-methyl, cinmethylin, cumyluron, cyclopyrimorate and its salts and esters, dalapon, dazomet, difenzoquat, difenzoquat-metilsulfate, dimethipin, DSMA, dymron, endothal and its salts, etobenzanid, flurenol, flurenol-butyl, flurprimidol, fosamine, fosamine-ammonium, indanofan, maleic hydrazide, mefluidide, metam, methiozolin, methyl azide, methyl bromide, methyl-dymron, methyl iodide, MSMA, oleic acid, oxaziclomefone, pelargonic acid, pyributicarb, quinoclamine, tetflupyrolimet, tridiphane. Q) Safeners (quinolin-8-oxy)acetic acids, 1-phenyl-5-haloalkyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-carboxylic acids, 1- phenyl-4,5-dihydro-5-alkyl-1H-pyrazol-3,5-dicarboxylic acids, 4,5-dihydro-5,5-diaryl-3- isoxazol carboxylic acids, dichloroacetamides, alpha-oximinophenylacetonitriles, acetophenonoximes, 4,6-dihalo-2-phenylpyrimidines, N-[[4- (aminocarbonyl)phenyl]sulfonyl]-2-benzoic amides, 1,8-naphthalic anhydride, 2-halo-4- (haloalkyl)-5-thiazol carboxylic acids, phosphorthiolates and N-alkyl-O-phenylcarbamates and their agriculturally acceptable salts and their agriculturally acceptable derivatives such amides, esters, and thioesters, provided they have an acid group. Each of the one or more pesticides may be any substance, whether a chemical or biological agent, used to control pests, such as insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, acaricides, rodenticides, nematicides, and miticides. Suitable insecticides may preferably be selected from the group consisting of neonicotinoids, bisamides, benzoylureas and carbamates. It is especially preferred that each insecticide is selected from fenoxycarb, deltamethrin, piperonyl butoxide, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, acetamiprid, aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide, aldicarb sulfone, pirimicarb, chlorantraniliprole, terbufos, quinalphos, dyfonate, phosmet, carbaryl, etoxazole, thiamethoxam, flonicamid, etofenprox, phorate, profenofos, parathion, methylparathion, acephate, disulfoton, fenthion, fenvalerate, fipronil, baygon, methomyl, metaflumizone, pymetrozine, oxamyl, tau-fluvalinate, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, tetramethrin, prallethrin (mix of isomers), permethrin (mix of isomers), resmethrin (mix of isomers), pyrethrin (mix of isomers), spinetoram(J), abamectin (mix of isomers), fenobucarb (BPMC), methiocarb, isoprocarb (MIPC), spirotetramat, Spinosad, trichlorfon, fenamiphos sulfoxide, fenamiphos sulfone, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, aldrin, DDE (p-p'), DDD (o-p), DDD (p- p'), DDE (o-p), DDT (o-p'), dieldrin, endrin, endrin aldehyde, endrin ketone, isodrin, chlordecone, or mirex(Dodecachlorooctahydro-1H-1,3,4- (epimethanetriyl)cyclobuta[cd]pentalene) Suitable herbicides may preferably be selected from the group consisting of triazines and other photosystem 2 inhibitors, 2,6-dinitroanilines, ACCase inhibitors, PPO inhibitors, synthetic auxins, sulfonyl ureas, bipyrillium herbicides, chloroacetanilides, triazolopyrimidines, pyrazoles and herbicidal safeners. It is especially preferred that each herbicide is selected from paclobutrazol, diuron, linuron, isoproturon, alachlor, pendimethalin, chlorpropham, fenoprop, bentazone, metolachlor, propazine, bromacil, 2,4-DB, fenoxaprop, fluometuron, pinoxaden, molinate, cyanazine, simazine, atrazine, atrazine desethyl, or metribuzin. Suitable fungicides may preferably be selected from the group consisting of pyrimidines, anilinopyrimidines, triazoles and other sterol demethylation inhibitors, triazolopyrimidines, MAP kinase inhibitors, strobilurins, adenosine deaminase inhibitors, pyrazoles and carboxamides. It is especially preferred that each fungicide is selected from bitertanol, boscalid, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazole, diniconazole, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole,2-aminobutane, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulphate, 2-phenylphenol (OPP), aldi-morph, ampropylfos, anilazine, azoxystrobin, benalaxyl, benodanil, benomyl, binapacryl, biphenyl, blasticidin-S, bupirimate, buthiobate, calcium polysulphide, captafol, captan, carbendazim, carboxin, carpropamid, quinomethionate, chloroneb, chloropicrin, chlorothalonil, chlozolinate, cufraneb, cyazofamid, cymoxanil, cyprodinil, cyprofuram, dichlorophen, diclocymet, diclofluanid, diclomezin, dicloran, diethofencarb, diflumetorim, dimethirimol, dimethomorph, dinocap, diphenylamine, dipyrithion, ditalimfos, dithianon, dodine, drazoxolon, edifenphos, enestroburin, ethaboxam, ethirimol, etridiazole, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenarimol, fenfuram, fenhexamid, fenitropan, fenpiclonil, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fentin acetate, fentin hydroxide, ferbam, ferimzone, fluazinam, fludioxonil, flumorph, fluoromide, fluoxastrobin, flusulfamide, flutolanil, folpet, fosetyl- aluminium, fthalide, fuberidazole, furalaxyl, furmecyclox, guazatine, hexachlorobenzene, imazalil, iminoctadine, iprobenfos (IBP), iprodione, iprovalicarb, isoprothiolane, kasugamycin, copper preparations such as: copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copperoxychloride, copper sulphate, copper oxide, oxine-copper and Bordeaux mixture, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, mepanipyrim, kresoxim-methyl, mepronil, metalaxyl, methasulfocarb, methfuroxam, metiram, metominostrobin, metrafenone, metsulfovax, myclobutanil, nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, nitrothal-isopropyl, nuarimol, ofurace, oxadixyl, oxamocarb, oxycarboxin, pefurazoate, pencycuron, phosdiphen, picoxystrobin, pimaricin, piperalin, polyoxin, probenazole, prochloraz, procymidone, propamocarb, propineb, pyraclostrobin, pyrazophos, pyrifenox, pyrimethanil, pyroquilon, quinoxyfen, quintozene (PCNB), silthiofam, spiroxamine, sulphur and sulphur preparations, tecloftalam, tecnazene, thiabendazole, thicyofen, thifluzamide, thiophanate-methyl, thiram, tolclophos- methyl, tolylfluanid, triazoxide, trichlamide, tricyclazole, tridemorph, trifloxystrobin, triflumizole, triforine, validamycin, vinclozolin, zineb, ziram, or zoxamide. Suitable acaricides may preferably be selected from tebufenpyrad, aldicard, azinphosmethyl, carbophenothion, dimethoate, dicrotophos, triazophos, malathion, phosalone, methidathion, hexythiazox, propargite, spirodiclofen, methamidophos, monocrotophos, phenthoate, pirimiphosmethyl, epn, dichlorvos, ethion, fenitrothion, diazinon, chlorpyriphos, oxydemeton methyl, pyridaben, fenpropathrin, bifenazate, spiromesifen, fenpyroximate (mix of isomers), acequinocyl, or carbofuran. One suitable rodenticide is coumaphos. One suitable nematicide is ethoprophos. One suitable miticide is clofentezine. In the context of agrochemical emulsifiable concentrates, the one or more pesticides are preferably selected from the group consisting of insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and combinations thereof, wherein the examples of each class of pesticide may be as defined above and below. It is particularly preferred that least one of the one or more pesticides is selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, oxyfluorfen, difenoconazole, trifloxystrobin, propiconazole, cyproconazole, flufenacet, epoxiconazole, fluxapyroxad, fenbuconazole, tebuconazole, metaflumizone, pinoxaden, deltamethrin and pendimethalin. It is preferred that the total pesticide content in the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) is in the range from 1 to 50% w / w, more preferably in the range from 5 to 40% w / w, most preferably in the range from 10 to 35% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC). In the context of agrochemical emulsifiable concentrates, it is also well known that more than one pesticide may be used, resulting in a so-called combination formulation. Such combination formulations may have improved effects since the individual pesticides act in a synergistic manner or alternatively, the multiple pesticides may be active against different pests, for example, one pesticide may be a herbicide and another may be an insecticide. In one embodiment, the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) comprises two or more pesticides. Many such combination formulations are commercially available and are well known in the field. As such, the choice of which combination of pesticides is selected is not particularly limited. In a preferred embodiment, at least one, more preferably at least two, of the two or more pesticides is / are selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, oxyfluorfen, difenoconazole, trifloxystrobin, propiconazole, cyproconazole, flufenacet, epoxiconazole, fluxapyroxad, fenbuconazole, tebuconazole, metaflumizone, pinoxaden, deltamethrin and pendimethalin. The one or more emulsifiers Another essential component of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) is one or more emulsifiers. The one or more emulsifiers of the present invention are not particularly limited. In its broadest form, the one or more emulsifiers may be selected from any conventional emulsifiers typically used in the field of agrochemical compositions and formulations. For example, the one or more emulsifiers may be selected from: - products of the addition of 2 to 30 mol ethylene oxide and / or 0 to 5 mol propylene oxide onto linear C8-22fatty alcohols, onto C12-22fatty acids and onto alkyl phenols containing 8 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl group; - C12-18fatty acid monoesters and diesters of addition products of 1 to 30 mol ethylene oxide onto glycerol; - glycerol mono- and diesters and sorbitan mono- and diesters of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms and ethylene oxide addition products thereof - addition products of 15 to 60 mol ethylene oxide onto castor oil and / or hydrogenated castor oil; - polyol esters and, in particular, polyglycerol esters such as, for example, polyglycerol polyricinoleate, polyglycerol poly-12-hydroxystearate or polyglycerol dimerate isostearate; - addition products of 2 to 15 mol ethylene oxide onto castor oil and / or hydrogenated castor oil; - partial esters based on linear, branched, unsaturated or saturated C6-22fatty acids, ricinoleic acid and 12-hydroxystearic acid and glycerol, polyglycerol, pentaerythritol, - dipentaerythritol, sugar alcohols (for example sorbitol), alkyl glucosides (for example methyl glucoside, butyl glucoside, lauryl glucoside) and polyglucosides (for example cellulose); - mono-, di and trialkyl phosphates and mono-, di- and / or tri-PEG-alkyl phosphates and salts thereof; - wool wax alcohols; - polysiloxane / polyalkyl polyether copolymers and corresponding derivatives; - mixed esters of pentaerythritol, fatty acids, citric acid and fatty alcohol and / or mixed esters of C6-22fatty acids, methyl glucose and polyols, preferably glycerol or polyglycerol, and - polyalkylene glycols The one or more emulsifiers are preferably selected from the group consisting of non-ionic emulsifiers, anionic emulsifiers and combinations thereof. It is particularly preferred that at least one of the one or more emulsifiers is a non-ionic emulsifier. It is also preferred that at least one of the one or more emulsifiers is an anionic emulsifier. In one particularly preferred embodiment, the one or more emulsifiers comprises, more preferably consists of, a non-ionic emulsifier and an anionic emulsifier. In another particularly preferred embodiment, the one or more emulsifiers comprises, more preferably consists of, two non-ionic emulsifiers. Suitable non-ionic emulsifiers may be selected from the group consisting of copolymers containing ethylene oxide and propylene oxide monomers, alcohol alkoxylates, alkyl polyglucosides, aminopolyols, polyalkylene glycols, alkoxylated animal or vegetable fats and oils such as corn oil ethoxylates, soybean oil ethoxylates, castor oil ethoxylates, tallow fatty ethoxylates, glycerol esters such as glycerol monostearate, fatty alcohol alkoxylates and oxoalcohol alkoxylates, fatty acid alkoxylates such as oleic acid ethoxylates, alkylphenol alkoxylates such as isononylphenol ethoxylates, fatty amine alkoxylates, fatty acid amide alkoxylates, sugar surfactants such as sorbitan fatty acid esters (e.g. sorbitan monooleate, and sorbitan tristearate), polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, alkyl polyglycosides, N- alkylgluconamides, alkylmethyl sulfoxides, alkyldimethylphosphine oxides such as tetradecyldimethylphosphine oxide, or combinations thereof. It is preferred that at least one of the one or more emulsifiers is a castor oil ethoxylate. Alternatively, it is preferred that at least one of the one or more emulsifiers is a copolymer containing ethylene oxide and propylene oxide monomers. In one particular embodiment, at least one of the one or more emulsifiers is a castor oil ethoxylate and at least one of the one or more emulsifiers is a copolymer containing ethylene oxide and propylene oxide monomers. Suitable anionic emulsifiers include salts wherein the anion may be selected from the group consisting of fatty acids, fatty alcohol ethersulfates, fatty alcohol sulfates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, ether phosphates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkylsulfonates or iso- alkylsulfonates, alkylnaphthalenesulfonates, alkyl methyl ester sulfonates, acyl glutamates, alkylsulfosuccinates, sarcosinates, taurates and combinations thereof, whilst the cation may be selected from the group selected from alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, ammonium ions and combinations thereof. It is preferred that at least one of the one or more emulsifiers is an alkyl benzene sulfonate, more preferably a linear alkylbenzene sulfonate. In one especially preferred embodiment, the one or more emulsifiers comprises, more preferably consists of, a castor oil ethoxylate and an alkylbenzene sulfonate. In this especially preferred embodiment, the alkyl benzene sulfonate is more preferably a linear alkylbenzene sulfonate. The total content of the one or more emulsifiers in the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) is preferably in the range from 1 to 30% w / w, more preferably in the range from 5 to 25% w / w, most preferably in the range from 10 to 20% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC). The emulsifiable concentrate (EC) As detailed above, the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to the present invention comprises one or more pesticides, one or more emulsifiers and the solvent as described above. Particularly preferred combinations of one or more amide solvents (S1), one or more ester solvents (S2), one or more co-solvents (S3), and one or more emulsifiers are given in Table B:

[0002] # S1 S2 S3 Emulsifier(s) # S1 S2 S3 Emulsifier(s) S1a S2a S3a E1 44 S1a S2a S3f E4 S1a S2a S3a E2 45 S1a S2a S3f E2+E3 S1a S2a S3a E3 46 S1a S2a S3f E2+E4 S1a S2a S3a E4 47 S1a S2a S3f E3+E4 S1a S2a S3a E2+E3 48 S1a S2a S3f E2+E3+E4 S1a S2a S3a E2+E4 49 S1a S2a S3g E1 S1a S2a S3a E3+E4 50 S1a S2a S3g E2 S1a S2a S3a E2+E3+E4 51 S1a S2a S3g E3 S1a S2a S3b E1 52 S1a S2a S3g E40 S1a S2a S3b E2 53 S1a S2a S3g E2+E31 S1a S2a S3b E3 54 S1a S2a S3g E2+E42 S1a S2a S3b E4 55 S1a S2a S3g E3+E43 S1a S2a S3b E2+E3 56 S1a S2a S3g E2+E3+E44 S1a S2a S3b E2+E4 57 S1a S2a S3h E15 S1a S2a S3b E3+E4 58 S1a S2a S3h E26 S1a S2a S3b E2+E3+E4 59 S1a S2a S3h E37 S1a S2a S3c E1 60 S1a S2a S3h E48 S1a S2a S3c E2 61 S1a S2a S3h E2+E39 S1a S2a S3c E3 62 S1a S2a S3h E2+E40 S1a S2a S3c E4 63 S1a S2a S3h E3+E41 S1a S2a S3c E2+E3 64 S1a S2a S3h E2+E3+E42 S1a S2a S3c E2+E4 65 S1a S2a S3i E13 S1a S2a S3c E3+E4 66 S1a S2a S3i E24 S1a S2a S3c E2+E3+E4 67 S1a S2a S3i E35 S1a S2a S3d E1 68 S1a S2a S3i E46 S1a S2a S3d E2 69 S1a S2a S3i E2+E37 S1a S2a S3d E3 70 S1a S2a S3i E2+E48 S1a S2a S3d E4 71 S1a S2a S3i E3+E49 S1a S2a S3d E2+E3 72 S1a S2a S3i E2+E3+E40 S1a S2a S3d E2+E4 73 S1a S2a S3j E11 S1a S2a S3d E3+E4 74 S1a S2a S3j E22 S1a S2a S3d E2+E3+E4 75 S1a S2a S3j E33 S1a S2a S3e E1 76 S1a S2a S3j E44 S1a S2a S3e E2 77 S1a S2a S3j E2+E35 S1a S2a S3e E3 78 S1a S2a S3j E2+E46 S1a S2a S3e E4 79 S1a S2a S3j E3+E47 S1a S2a S3e E2+E3 80 S1a S2a S3j E2+E3+E48 S1a S2a S3e E2+E4 81 S1a S2a S3k E19 S1a S2a S3e E3+E4 82 S1a S2a S3k E20 S1a S2a S3e E2+E3+E4 83 S1a S2a S3k E31 S1a S2a S3f E1 84 S1a S2a S3k E42 S1a S2a S3f E2 85 S1a S2a S3k E2+E33 S1a S2a S3f E3 86 S1a S2a S3k E2+E4 # S1 S2 S3 Emulsifier(s) # S1 S2 S3 Emulsifier(s) 87 S1a S2a S3k E3+E4 130 S1a S2b S3f E2 88 S1a S2a S3k E2+E3+E4 131 S1a S2b S3f E3 89 S1a S2b S3a E1 132 S1a S2b S3f E4 90 S1a S2b S3a E2 133 S1a S2b S3f E2+E3 91 S1a S2b S3a E3 134 S1a S2b S3f E2+E4 92 S1a S2b S3a E4 135 S1a S2b S3f E3+E4 93 S1a S2b S3a E2+E3 136 S1a S2b S3f E2+E3+E4 94 S1a S2b S3a E2+E4 137 S1a S2b S3g E1 95 S1a S2b S3a E3+E4 138 S1a S2b S3g E2 96 S1a S2b S3a E2+E3+E4 139 S1a S2b S3g E3 97 S1a S2b S3b E1 140 S1a S2b S3g E4 98 S1a S2b S3b E2 141 S1a S2b S3g E2+E3 99 S1a S2b S3b E3 142 S1a S2b S3g E2+E4 100 S1a S2b S3b E4 143 S1a S2b S3g E3+E4 101 S1a S2b S3b E2+E3 144 S1a S2b S3g E2+E3+E4 102 S1a S2b S3b E2+E4 145 S1a S2b S3h E1 103 S1a S2b S3b E3+E4 146 S1a S2b S3h E2 104 S1a S2b S3b E2+E3+E4 147 S1a S2b S3h E3 105 S1a S2b S3c E1 148 S1a S2b S3h E4 106 S1a S2b S3c E2 149 S1a S2b S3h E2+E3 107 S1a S2b S3c E3 150 S1a S2b S3h E2+E4 108 S1a S2b S3c E4 151 S1a S2b S3h E3+E4 109 S1a S2b S3c E2+E3 152 S1a S2b S3h E2+E3+E4 110 S1a S2b S3c E2+E4 153 S1a S2b S3i E1 111 S1a S2b S3c E3+E4 154 S1a S2b S3i E2 112 S1a S2b S3c E2+E3+E4 155 S1a S2b S3i E3 113 S1a S2b S3d E1 156 S1a S2b S3i E4 114 S1a S2b S3d E2 157 S1a S2b S3i E2+E3 115 S1a S2b S3d E3 158 S1a S2b S3i E2+E4 116 S1a S2b S3d E4 159 S1a S2b S3i E3+E4 117 S1a S2b S3d E2+E3 160 S1a S2b S3i E2+E3+E4 118 S1a S2b S3d E2+E4 161 S1a S2b S3j E1 119 S1a S2b S3d E3+E4 162 S1a S2b S3j E2 120 S1a S2b S3d E2+E3+E4 163 S1a S2b S3j E3 121 S1a S2b S3e E1 164 S1a S2b S3j E4 122 S1a S2b S3e E2 165 S1a S2b S3j E2+E3 123 S1a S2b S3e E3 166 S1a S2b S3j E2+E4 124 S1a S2b S3e E4 167 S1a S2b S3j E3+E4 125 S1a S2b S3e E2+E3 168 S1a S2b S3j E2+E3+E4 126 S1a S2b S3e E2+E4 169 S1a S2b S3k E1 127 S1a S2b S3e E3+E4 170 S1a S2b S3k E2 128 S1a S2b S3e E2+E3+E4 171 S1a S2b S3k E3 129 S1a S2b S3f E1 172 S1a S2b S3k E4 # S1 S2 S3 Emulsifier(s) # S1 S2 S3 Emulsifier(s) 173 S1a S2b S3k E2+E3 216 S1a S2c S3e E2+E3+E4 174 S1a S2b S3k E2+E4 217 S1a S2c S3f E1 175 S1a S2b S3k E3+E4 218 S1a S2c S3f E2 176 S1a S2b S3k E2+E3+E4 219 S1a S2c S3f E3 177 S1a S2c S3a E1 220 S1a S2c S3f E4 178 S1a S2c S3a E2 221 S1a S2c S3f E2+E3 179 S1a S2c S3a E3 222 S1a S2c S3f E2+E4 180 S1a S2c S3a E4 223 S1a S2c S3f E3+E4 181 S1a S2c S3a E2+E3 224 S1a S2c S3f E2+E3+E4 182 S1a S2c S3a E2+E4 225 S1a S2c S3g E1 183 S1a S2c S3a E3+E4 226 S1a S2c S3g E2 184 S1a S2c S3a E2+E3+E4 227 S1a S2c S3g E3 185 S1a S2c S3b E1 228 S1a S2c S3g E4 186 S1a S2c S3b E2 229 S1a S2c S3g E2+E3 187 S1a S2c S3b E3 230 S1a S2c S3g E2+E4 188 S1a S2c S3b E4 231 S1a S2c S3g E3+E4 189 S1a S2c S3b E2+E3 232 S1a S2c S3g E2+E3+E4 190 S1a S2c S3b E2+E4 233 S1a S2c S3h E1 191 S1a S2c S3b E3+E4 234 S1a S2c S3h E2 192 S1a S2c S3b E2+E3+E4 235 S1a S2c S3h E3 193 S1a S2c S3c E1 236 S1a S2c S3h E4 194 S1a S2c S3c E2 237 S1a S2c S3h E2+E3 195 S1a S2c S3c E3 238 S1a S2c S3h E2+E4 196 S1a S2c S3c E4 239 S1a S2c S3h E3+E4 197 S1a S2c S3c E2+E3 240 S1a S2c S3h E2+E3+E4 198 S1a S2c S3c E2+E4 241 S1a S2c S3i E1 199 S1a S2c S3c E3+E4 242 S1a S2c S3i E2 200 S1a S2c S3c E2+E3+E4 243 S1a S2c S3i E3 201 S1a S2c S3d E1 244 S1a S2c S3i E4 202 S1a S2c S3d E2 245 S1a S2c S3i E2+E3 203 S1a S2c S3d E3 246 S1a S2c S3i E2+E4 204 S1a S2c S3d E4 247 S1a S2c S3i E3+E4 205 S1a S2c S3d E2+E3 248 S1a S2c S3i E2+E3+E4 206 S1a S2c S3d E2+E4 249 S1a S2c S3j E1 207 S1a S2c S3d E3+E4 250 S1a S2c S3j E2 208 S1a S2c S3d E2+E3+E4 251 S1a S2c S3j E3 209 S1a S2c S3e E1 252 S1a S2c S3j E4 210 S1a S2c S3e E2 253 S1a S2c S3j E2+E3 211 S1a S2c S3e E3 254 S1a S2c S3j E2+E4 212 S1a S2c S3e E4 255 S1a S2c S3j E3+E4 213 S1a S2c S3e E2+E3 256 S1a S2c S3j E2+E3+E4 214 S1a S2c S3e E2+E4 257 S1a S2c S3k E1 215 S1a S2c S3e E3+E4 258 S1a S2c S3k E2 # S1 S2 S3 Emulsifier(s) # S1 S2 S3 Emulsifier(s) 259 S1a S2c S3k E3 302 S1a S2d S3e E2+E4 260 S1a S2c S3k E4 303 S1a S2d S3e E3+E4 261 S1a S2c S3k E2+E3 304 S1a S2d S3e E2+E3+E4 262 S1a S2c S3k E2+E4 305 S1a S2d S3f E1 263 S1a S2c S3k E3+E4 306 S1a S2d S3f E2 264 S1a S2c S3k E2+E3+E4 307 S1a S2d S3f E3 265 S1a S2d S3a E1 308 S1a S2d S3f E4 266 S1a S2d S3a E2 309 S1a S2d S3f E2+E3 267 S1a S2d S3a E3 310 S1a S2d S3f E2+E4 268 S1a S2d S3a E4 311 S1a S2d S3f E3+E4 269 S1a S2d S3a E2+E3 312 S1a S2d S3f E2+E3+E4 270 S1a S2d S3a E2+E4 313 S1a S2d S3g E1 271 S1a S2d S3a E3+E4 314 S1a S2d S3g E2 272 S1a S2d S3a E2+E3+E4 315 S1a S2d S3g E3 273 S1a S2d S3b E1 316 S1a S2d S3g E4 274 S1a S2d S3b E2 317 S1a S2d S3g E2+E3 275 S1a S2d S3b E3 318 S1a S2d S3g E2+E4 276 S1a S2d S3b E4 319 S1a S2d S3g E3+E4 277 S1a S2d S3b E2+E3 320 S1a S2d S3g E2+E3+E4 278 S1a S2d S3b E2+E4 321 S1a S2d S3h E1 279 S1a S2d S3b E3+E4 322 S1a S2d S3h E2 280 S1a S2d S3b E2+E3+E4 323 S1a S2d S3h E3 281 S1a S2d S3c E1 324 S1a S2d S3h E4 282 S1a S2d S3c E2 325 S1a S2d S3h E2+E3 283 S1a S2d S3c E3 326 S1a S2d S3h E2+E4 284 S1a S2d S3c E4 327 S1a S2d S3h E3+E4 285 S1a S2d S3c E2+E3 328 S1a S2d S3h E2+E3+E4 286 S1a S2d S3c E2+E4 329 S1a S2d S3i E1 287 S1a S2d S3c E3+E4 330 S1a S2d S3i E2 288 S1a S2d S3c E2+E3+E4 331 S1a S2d S3i E3 289 S1a S2d S3d E1 332 S1a S2d S3i E4 290 S1a S2d S3d E2 333 S1a S2d S3i E2+E3 291 S1a S2d S3d E3 334 S1a S2d S3i E2+E4 292 S1a S2d S3d E4 335 S1a S2d S3i E3+E4 293 S1a S2d S3d E2+E3 336 S1a S2d S3i E2+E3+E4 294 S1a S2d S3d E2+E4 337 S1a S2d S3j E1 295 S1a S2d S3d E3+E4 338 S1a S2d S3j E2 296 S1a S2d S3d E2+E3+E4 339 S1a S2d S3j E3 297 S1a S2d S3e E1 340 S1a S2d S3j E4 298 S1a S2d S3e E2 341 S1a S2d S3j E2+E3 299 S1a S2d S3e E3 342 S1a S2d S3j E2+E4 300 S1a S2d S3e E4 343 S1a S2d S3j E3+E4 301 S1a S2d S3e E2+E3 344 S1a S2d S3j E2+E3+E4 # S1 S2 S3 Emulsifier(s) # S1 S2 S3 Emulsifier(s) 345 S1a S2d S3k E1 388 S1a S2e S3e E4 346 S1a S2d S3k E2 389 S1a S2e S3e E2+E3 347 S1a S2d S3k E3 390 S1a S2e S3e E2+E4 348 S1a S2d S3k E4 391 S1a S2e S3e E3+E4 349 S1a S2d S3k E2+E3 392 S1a S2e S3e E2+E3+E4 350 S1a S2d S3k E2+E4 393 S1a S2e S3f E1 351 S1a S2d S3k E3+E4 394 S1a S2e S3f E2 352 S1a S2d S3k E2+E3+E4 395 S1a S2e S3f E3 353 S1a S2e S3a E1 396 S1a S2e S3f E4 354 S1a S2e S3a E2 397 S1a S2e S3f E2+E3 355 S1a S2e S3a E3 398 S1a S2e S3f E2+E4 356 S1a S2e S3a E4 399 S1a S2e S3f E3+E4 357 S1a S2e S3a E2+E3 400 S1a S2e S3f E2+E3+E4 358 S1a S2e S3a E2+E4 401 S1a S2e S3g E1 359 S1a S2e S3a E3+E4 402 S1a S2e S3g E2 360 S1a S2e S3a E2+E3+E4 403 S1a S2e S3g E3 361 S1a S2e S3b E1 404 S1a S2e S3g E4 362 S1a S2e S3b E2 405 S1a S2e S3g E2+E3 363 S1a S2e S3b E3 406 S1a S2e S3g E2+E4 364 S1a S2e S3b E4 407 S1a S2e S3g E3+E4 365 S1a S2e S3b E2+E3 408 S1a S2e S3g E2+E3+E4 366 S1a S2e S3b E2+E4 409 S1a S2e S3h E1 367 S1a S2e S3b E3+E4 410 S1a S2e S3h E2 368 S1a S2e S3b E2+E3+E4 411 S1a S2e S3h E3 369 S1a S2e S3c E1 412 S1a S2e S3h E4 370 S1a S2e S3c E2 413 S1a S2e S3h E2+E3 371 S1a S2e S3c E3 414 S1a S2e S3h E2+E4 372 S1a S2e S3c E4 415 S1a S2e S3h E3+E4 373 S1a S2e S3c E2+E3 416 S1a S2e S3h E2+E3+E4 374 S1a S2e S3c E2+E4 417 S1a S2e S3i E1 375 S1a S2e S3c E3+E4 418 S1a S2e S3i E2 376 S1a S2e S3c E2+E3+E4 419 S1a S2e S3i E3 377 S1a S2e S3d E1 420 S1a S2e S3i E4 378 S1a S2e S3d E2 421 S1a S2e S3i E2+E3 379 S1a S2e S3d E3 422 S1a S2e S3i E2+E4 380 S1a S2e S3d E4 423 S1a S2e S3i E3+E4 381 S1a S2e S3d E2+E3 424 S1a S2e S3i E2+E3+E4 382 S1a S2e S3d E2+E4 425 S1a S2e S3j E1 383 S1a S2e S3d E3+E4 426 S1a S2e S3j E2 384 S1a S2e S3d E2+E3+E4 427 S1a S2e S3j E3 385 S1a S2e S3e E1 428 S1a S2e S3j E4 386 S1a S2e S3e E2 429 S1a S2e S3j E2+E3 387 S1a S2e S3e E3 430 S1a S2e S3j E2+E4 # S1 S2 S3 Emulsifier(s) # S1 S2 S3 Emulsifier(s) 431 S1a S2e S3j E3+E4 474 S1b S2a S3e E2 432 S1a S2e S3j E2+E3+E4 475 S1b S2a S3e E3 433 S1a S2e S3k E1 476 S1b S2a S3e E4 434 S1a S2e S3k E2 477 S1b S2a S3e E2+E3 435 S1a S2e S3k E3 478 S1b S2a S3e E2+E4 436 S1a S2e S3k E4 479 S1b S2a S3e E3+E4 437 S1a S2e S3k E2+E3 480 S1b S2a S3e E2+E3+E4 438 S1a S2e S3k E2+E4 481 S1b S2a S3f E1 439 S1a S2e S3k E3+E4 482 S1b S2a S3f E2 440 S1a S2e S3k E2+E3+E4 483 S1b S2a S3f E3 441 S1b S2a S3a E1 484 S1b S2a S3f E4 442 S1b S2a S3a E2 485 S1b S2a S3f E2+E3 443 S1b S2a S3a E3 486 S1b S2a S3f E2+E4 444 S1b S2a S3a E4 487 S1b S2a S3f E3+E4 445 S1b S2a S3a E2+E3 488 S1b S2a S3f E2+E3+E4 446 S1b S2a S3a E2+E4 489 S1b S2a S3g E1 447 S1b S2a S3a E3+E4 490 S1b S2a S3g E2 448 S1b S2a S3a E2+E3+E4 491 S1b S2a S3g E3 449 S1b S2a S3b E1 492 S1b S2a S3g E4 450 S1b S2a S3b E2 493 S1b S2a S3g E2+E3 451 S1b S2a S3b E3 494 S1b S2a S3g E2+E4 452 S1b S2a S3b E4 495 S1b S2a S3g E3+E4 453 S1b S2a S3b E2+E3 496 S1b S2a S3g E2+E3+E4 454 S1b S2a S3b E2+E4 497 S1b S2a S3h E1 455 S1b S2a S3b E3+E4 498 S1b S2a S3h E2 456 S1b S2a S3b E2+E3+E4 499 S1b S2a S3h E3 457 S1b S2a S3c E1 500 S1b S2a S3h E4 458 S1b S2a S3c E2 501 S1b S2a S3h E2+E3 459 S1b S2a S3c E3 502 S1b S2a S3h E2+E4 460 S1b S2a S3c E4 503 S1b S2a S3h E3+E4 461 S1b S2a S3c E2+E3 504 S1b S2a S3h E2+E3+E4 462 S1b S2a S3c E2+E4 505 S1b S2a S3i E1 463 S1b S2a S3c E3+E4 506 S1b S2a S3i E2 464 S1b S2a S3c E2+E3+E4 507 S1b S2a S3i E3 465 S1b S2a S3d E1 508 S1b S2a S3i E4 466 S1b S2a S3d E2 509 S1b S2a S3i E2+E3 467 S1b S2a S3d E3 510 S1b S2a S3i E2+E4 468 S1b S2a S3d E4 511 S1b S2a S3i E3+E4 469 S1b S2a S3d E2+E3 512 S1b S2a S3i E2+E3+E4 470 S1b S2a S3d E2+E4 513 S1b S2a S3j E1 471 S1b S2a S3d E3+E4 514 S1b S2a S3j E2 472 S1b S2a S3d E2+E3+E4 515 S1b S2a S3j E3 473 S1b S2a S3e E1 516 S1b S2a S3j E4 # S1 S2 S3 Emulsifier(s) # S1 S2 S3 Emulsifier(s) 517 S1b S2a S3j E2+E3 560 S1b S2b S3d E2+E3+E4 518 S1b S2a S3j E2+E4 561 S1b S2b S3e E1 519 S1b S2a S3j E3+E4 562 S1b S2b S3e E2 520 S1b S2a S3j E2+E3+E4 563 S1b S2b S3e E3 521 S1b S2a S3k E1 564 S1b S2b S3e E4 522 S1b S2a S3k E2 565 S1b S2b S3e E2+E3 523 S1b S2a S3k E3 566 S1b S2b S3e E2+E4 524 S1b S2a S3k E4 567 S1b S2b S3e E3+E4 525 S1b S2a S3k E2+E3 568 S1b S2b S3e E2+E3+E4 526 S1b S2a S3k E2+E4 569 S1b S2b S3f E1 527 S1b S2a S3k E3+E4 570 S1b S2b S3f E2 528 S1b S2a S3k E2+E3+E4 571 S1b S2b S3f E3 529 S1b S2b S3a E1 572 S1b S2b S3f E4 530 S1b S2b S3a E2 573 S1b S2b S3f E2+E3 531 S1b S2b S3a E3 574 S1b S2b S3f E2+E4 532 S1b S2b S3a E4 575 S1b S2b S3f E3+E4 533 S1b S2b S3a E2+E3 576 S1b S2b S3f E2+E3+E4 534 S1b S2b S3a E2+E4 577 S1b S2b S3g E1 535 S1b S2b S3a E3+E4 578 S1b S2b S3g E2 536 S1b S2b S3a E2+E3+E4 579 S1b S2b S3g E3 537 S1b S2b S3b E1 580 S1b S2b S3g E4 538 S1b S2b S3b E2 581 S1b S2b S3g E2+E3 539 S1b S2b S3b E3 582 S1b S2b S3g E2+E4 540 S1b S2b S3b E4 583 S1b S2b S3g E3+E4 541 S1b S2b S3b E2+E3 584 S1b S2b S3g E2+E3+E4 542 S1b S2b S3b E2+E4 585 S1b S2b S3h E1 543 S1b S2b S3b E3+E4 586 S1b S2b S3h E2 544 S1b S2b S3b E2+E3+E4 587 S1b S2b S3h E3 545 S1b S2b S3c E1 588 S1b S2b S3h E4 546 S1b S2b S3c E2 589 S1b S2b S3h E2+E3 547 S1b S2b S3c E3 590 S1b S2b S3h E2+E4 548 S1b S2b S3c E4 591 S1b S2b S3h E3+E4 549 S1b S2b S3c E2+E3 592 S1b S2b S3h E2+E3+E4 550 S1b S2b S3c E2+E4 593 S1b S2b S3i E1 551 S1b S2b S3c E3+E4 594 S1b S2b S3i E2 552 S1b S2b S3c E2+E3+E4 595 S1b S2b S3i E3 553 S1b S2b S3d E1 596 S1b S2b S3i E4 554 S1b S2b S3d E2 597 S1b S2b S3i E2+E3 555 S1b S2b S3d E3 598 S1b S2b S3i E2+E4 556 S1b S2b S3d E4 599 S1b S2b S3i E3+E4 557 S1b S2b S3d E2+E3 600 S1b S2b S3i E2+E3+E4 558 S1b S2b S3d E2+E4 601 S1b S2b S3j E1 559 S1b S2b S3d E3+E4 602 S1b S2b S3j E2 # S1 S2 S3 Emulsifier(s) # S1 S2 S3 Emulsifier(s) 603 S1b S2b S3j E3 646 S1b S2c S3d E2+E4 604 S1b S2b S3j E4 647 S1b S2c S3d E3+E4 605 S1b S2b S3j E2+E3 648 S1b S2c S3d E2+E3+E4 606 S1b S2b S3j E2+E4 649 S1b S2c S3e E1 607 S1b S2b S3j E3+E4 650 S1b S2c S3e E2 608 S1b S2b S3j E2+E3+E4 651 S1b S2c S3e E3 609 S1b S2b S3k E1 652 S1b S2c S3e E4 610 S1b S2b S3k E2 653 S1b S2c S3e E2+E3 611 S1b S2b S3k E3 654 S1b S2c S3e E2+E4 612 S1b S2b S3k E4 655 S1b S2c S3e E3+E4 613 S1b S2b S3k E2+E3 656 S1b S2c S3e E2+E3+E4 614 S1b S2b S3k E2+E4 657 S1b S2c S3f E1 615 S1b S2b S3k E3+E4 658 S1b S2c S3f E2 616 S1b S2b S3k E2+E3+E4 659 S1b S2c S3f E3 617 S1b S2c S3a E1 660 S1b S2c S3f E4 618 S1b S2c S3a E2 661 S1b S2c S3f E2+E3 619 S1b S2c S3a E3 662 S1b S2c S3f E2+E4 620 S1b S2c S3a E4 663 S1b S2c S3f E3+E4 621 S1b S2c S3a E2+E3 664 S1b S2c S3f E2+E3+E4 622 S1b S2c S3a E2+E4 665 S1b S2c S3g E1 623 S1b S2c S3a E3+E4 666 S1b S2c S3g E2 624 S1b S2c S3a E2+E3+E4 667 S1b S2c S3g E3 625 S1b S2c S3b E1 668 S1b S2c S3g E4 626 S1b S2c S3b E2 669 S1b S2c S3g E2+E3 627 S1b S2c S3b E3 670 S1b S2c S3g E2+E4 628 S1b S2c S3b E4 671 S1b S2c S3g E3+E4 629 S1b S2c S3b E2+E3 672 S1b S2c S3g E2+E3+E4 630 S1b S2c S3b E2+E4 673 S1b S2c S3h E1 631 S1b S2c S3b E3+E4 674 S1b S2c S3h E2 632 S1b S2c S3b E2+E3+E4 675 S1b S2c S3h E3 633 S1b S2c S3c E1 676 S1b S2c S3h E4 634 S1b S2c S3c E2 677 S1b S2c S3h E2+E3 635 S1b S2c S3c E3 678 S1b S2c S3h E2+E4 636 S1b S2c S3c E4 679 S1b S2c S3h E3+E4 637 S1b S2c S3c E2+E3 680 S1b S2c S3h E2+E3+E4 638 S1b S2c S3c E2+E4 681 S1b S2c S3i E1 639 S1b S2c S3c E3+E4 682 S1b S2c S3i E2 640 S1b S2c S3c E2+E3+E4 683 S1b S2c S3i E3 641 S1b S2c S3d E1 684 S1b S2c S3i E4 642 S1b S2c S3d E2 685 S1b S2c S3i E2+E3 643 S1b S2c S3d E3 686 S1b S2c S3i E2+E4 644 S1b S2c S3d E4 687 S1b S2c S3i E3+E4 645 S1b S2c S3d E2+E3 688 S1b S2c S3i E2+E3+E4 # S1 S2 S3 Emulsifier(s) # S1 S2 S3 Emulsifier(s) 689 S1b S2c S3j E1 732 S1b S2d S3d E4 690 S1b S2c S3j E2 733 S1b S2d S3d E2+E3 691 S1b S2c S3j E3 734 S1b S2d S3d E2+E4 692 S1b S2c S3j E4 735 S1b S2d S3d E3+E4 693 S1b S2c S3j E2+E3 736 S1b S2d S3d E2+E3+E4 694 S1b S2c S3j E2+E4 737 S1b S2d S3e E1 695 S1b S2c S3j E3+E4 738 S1b S2d S3e E2 696 S1b S2c S3j E2+E3+E4 739 S1b S2d S3e E3 697 S1b S2c S3k E1 740 S1b S2d S3e E4 698 S1b S2c S3k E2 741 S1b S2d S3e E2+E3 699 S1b S2c S3k E3 742 S1b S2d S3e E2+E4 700 S1b S2c S3k E4 743 S1b S2d S3e E3+E4 701 S1b S2c S3k E2+E3 744 S1b S2d S3e E2+E3+E4 702 S1b S2c S3k E2+E4 745 S1b S2d S3f E1 703 S1b S2c S3k E3+E4 746 S1b S2d S3f E2 704 S1b S2c S3k E2+E3+E4 747 S1b S2d S3f E3 705 S1b S2d S3a E1 748 S1b S2d S3f E4 706 S1b S2d S3a E2 749 S1b S2d S3f E2+E3 707 S1b S2d S3a E3 750 S1b S2d S3f E2+E4 708 S1b S2d S3a E4 751 S1b S2d S3f E3+E4 709 S1b S2d S3a E2+E3 752 S1b S2d S3f E2+E3+E4 710 S1b S2d S3a E2+E4 753 S1b S2d S3g E1 711 S1b S2d S3a E3+E4 754 S1b S2d S3g E2 712 S1b S2d S3a E2+E3+E4 755 S1b S2d S3g E3 713 S1b S2d S3b E1 756 S1b S2d S3g E4 714 S1b S2d S3b E2 757 S1b S2d S3g E2+E3 715 S1b S2d S3b E3 758 S1b S2d S3g E2+E4 716 S1b S2d S3b E4 759 S1b S2d S3g E3+E4 717 S1b S2d S3b E2+E3 760 S1b S2d S3g E2+E3+E4 718 S1b S2d S3b E2+E4 761 S1b S2d S3h E1 719 S1b S2d S3b E3+E4 762 S1b S2d S3h E2 720 S1b S2d S3b E2+E3+E4 763 S1b S2d S3h E3 721 S1b S2d S3c E1 764 S1b S2d S3h E4 722 S1b S2d S3c E2 765 S1b S2d S3h E2+E3 723 S1b S2d S3c E3 766 S1b S2d S3h E2+E4 724 S1b S2d S3c E4 767 S1b S2d S3h E3+E4 725 S1b S2d S3c E2+E3 768 S1b S2d S3h E2+E3+E4 726 S1b S2d S3c E2+E4 769 S1b S2d S3i E1 727 S1b S2d S3c E3+E4 770 S1b S2d S3i E2 728 S1b S2d S3c E2+E3+E4 771 S1b S2d S3i E3 729 S1b S2d S3d E1 772 S1b S2d S3i E4 730 S1b S2d S3d E2 773 S1b S2d S3i E2+E3 731 S1b S2d S3d E3 774 S1b S2d S3i E2+E4 # S1 S2 S3 Emulsifier(s) # S1 S2 S3 Emulsifier(s) 775 S1b S2d S3i E3+E4 818 S1b S2e S3d E2 776 S1b S2d S3i E2+E3+E4 819 S1b S2e S3d E3 777 S1b S2d S3j E1 820 S1b S2e S3d E4 778 S1b S2d S3j E2 821 S1b S2e S3d E2+E3 779 S1b S2d S3j E3 822 S1b S2e S3d E2+E4 780 S1b S2d S3j E4 823 S1b S2e S3d E3+E4 781 S1b S2d S3j E2+E3 824 S1b S2e S3d E2+E3+E4 782 S1b S2d S3j E2+E4 825 S1b S2e S3e E1 783 S1b S2d S3j E3+E4 826 S1b S2e S3e E2 784 S1b S2d S3j E2+E3+E4 827 S1b S2e S3e E3 785 S1b S2d S3k E1 828 S1b S2e S3e E4 786 S1b S2d S3k E2 829 S1b S2e S3e E2+E3 787 S1b S2d S3k E3 830 S1b S2e S3e E2+E4 788 S1b S2d S3k E4 831 S1b S2e S3e E3+E4 789 S1b S2d S3k E2+E3 832 S1b S2e S3e E2+E3+E4 790 S1b S2d S3k E2+E4 833 S1b S2e S3f E1 791 S1b S2d S3k E3+E4 834 S1b S2e S3f E2 792 S1b S2d S3k E2+E3+E4 835 S1b S2e S3f E3 793 S1b S2e S3a E1 836 S1b S2e S3f E4 794 S1b S2e S3a E2 837 S1b S2e S3f E2+E3 795 S1b S2e S3a E3 838 S1b S2e S3f E2+E4 796 S1b S2e S3a E4 839 S1b S2e S3f E3+E4 797 S1b S2e S3a E2+E3 840 S1b S2e S3f E2+E3+E4 798 S1b S2e S3a E2+E4 841 S1b S2e S3g E1 799 S1b S2e S3a E3+E4 842 S1b S2e S3g E2 800 S1b S2e S3a E2+E3+E4 843 S1b S2e S3g E3 801 S1b S2e S3b E1 844 S1b S2e S3g E4 802 S1b S2e S3b E2 845 S1b S2e S3g E2+E3 803 S1b S2e S3b E3 846 S1b S2e S3g E2+E4 804 S1b S2e S3b E4 847 S1b S2e S3g E3+E4 805 S1b S2e S3b E2+E3 848 S1b S2e S3g E2+E3+E4 806 S1b S2e S3b E2+E4 849 S1b S2e S3h E1 807 S1b S2e S3b E3+E4 850 S1b S2e S3h E2 808 S1b S2e S3b E2+E3+E4 851 S1b S2e S3h E3 809 S1b S2e S3c E1 852 S1b S2e S3h E4 810 S1b S2e S3c E2 853 S1b S2e S3h E2+E3 811 S1b S2e S3c E3 854 S1b S2e S3h E2+E4 812 S1b S2e S3c E4 855 S1b S2e S3h E3+E4 813 S1b S2e S3c E2+E3 856 S1b S2e S3h E2+E3+E4 814 S1b S2e S3c E2+E4 857 S1b S2e S3i E1 815 S1b S2e S3c E3+E4 858 S1b S2e S3i E2 816 S1b S2e S3c E2+E3+E4 859 S1b S2e S3i E3 817 S1b S2e S3d E1 860 S1b S2e S3i E4 # S1 S2 S3 Emulsifier(s) # S1 S2 S3 Emulsifier(s) 861 S1b S2e S3i E2+E3 871 S1b S2e S3j E3+E4 862 S1b S2e S3i E2+E4 872 S1b S2e S3j E2+E3+E4 863 S1b S2e S3i E3+E4 873 S1b S2e S3k E1 864 S1b S2e S3i E2+E3+E4 874 S1b S2e S3k E2 865 S1b S2e S3j E1 875 S1b S2e S3k E3 866 S1b S2e S3j E2 876 S1b S2e S3k E4 867 S1b S2e S3j E3 877 S1b S2e S3k E2+E3 868 S1b S2e S3j E4 878 S1b S2e S3k E2+E4 869 S1b S2e S3j E2+E3 879 S1b S2e S3k E3+E4 870 S1b S2e S3j E2+E4 880 S1b S2e S3k E2+E3+E4 wherein S1a is dimethyl dodecanamide, S1b is dimethyl decanamide, S2a is C12-18fatty acid methyl ester, S2b is C6-10fatty acid methyl ester, S2c is methyl octanoate, S2d is 2- ethylhexyl acetate, S2e is dibutyl adipate, S3a is propylene carbonate, S3b is gamma- caprolactone, S3c is dimethyl lactamide, S3d is ethyl lactate, S3e is solketal, S3f is cyclohexanone, S3g is benzyl alcohol, S3h is ethyl levulinate, S3i hexyl glycol, S3j is triethyl citrate, S3k is hexylene gycol, E1 is any emulsifier, E2 is a block copolymer containing ethylene oxide and propylene oxide monomers, E3 is a sulfonate salt, and E4 is an ethoxylated castor oil. In addition to these essential components, the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) may further comprise adjuvants conventionally used for agrochemical formulations, the choice of the adjuvants depending on the specific use form, the type of formulation or the active substance. Examples of suitable adjuvants are surface-active substances (such as solubilisers, protective colloids, wetters and tackifiers), retention agents, wetting agents, spreaders, uptake enhancers, penetration agents, spray drift controllers, crystallization inhibitors, organic and inorganic thickeners, bactericides, antifreeze agents, antifoams, optionally colorants and adhesives (for example for the treatment of seed) or conventional adjuvants for bait formulations (for example attractants, feedants, bittering substances). The emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to the present invention preferably comprises, more preferably consists of: a) from 1 to 50% w / w, more preferably from 5 to 40% w / w, most preferably from 10 to 35% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC), of the one or more pesticides; b) from 1 to 30% w / w, more preferably from 5 to 25% w / w, most preferably from 10 to 20% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC), of the one or more emulsifiers; c) from 1 to 90% w / w, more preferably from 10 to 85% w / w, most preferably from 25 to 80% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC), of the solvent system (S); and d) optionally from 1 to 30% w / w, more preferably from 2 to 20% w / w, most preferably from 3 to 15% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC), of one or more adjuvants, wherein the total amount of components a), b), c), and d) do not exceed 100%. Additionally or alternatively, the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to the present invention preferably comprises, more preferably consists of: a) from 1 to 50% w / w, more preferably from 5 to 40% w / w, most preferably from 10 to 35% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC), of the one or more pesticides; b) from 1 to 30% w / w, more preferably from 5 to 25% w / w, most preferably from 10 to 20% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC), of the one or more emulsifiers; c) from 1 to 70% w / w, more preferably from 3 to 50% w / w, most preferably from 5 to 40% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC), of the one or more amide solvents (S1); d) from 1 to 70% w / w, more preferably from 3 to 50% w / w, most preferably from 5 to 40% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC), of the one or more ester solvents (S2); e) from 1 to 70% w / w, more preferably from 3 to 50% w / w, most preferably from 5 to 40% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC), of the one or more co-solvents (S3); and f) optionally from 1 to 30% w / w, more preferably from 2 to 20% w / w, most preferably from 3 to 15% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC), of one or more adjuvants, wherein the total amount of components a), b), c), d), e), and f) do not exceed 100%. The emulsifiable concentrate (EC) is preferably stable in liquid form at 21 °C for at least 2 weeks. The emulsifiable concentrate (EC) is preferably stable in liquid form at –5 °C for at least 24 hours. Preferably, the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) has a flash point, determined according to ISO 2719, of at least 40 °C, more preferably of at least 50 °C, most preferably at least 60 °C. As mentioned above, it is a finding of the present invention that many typical commercially important pesticides have improved solubility in the solvent system (S) according to the present invention, when compared with typical solvent systems used for agrochemical emulsifiable concentrates. In addition to this finding, it has been further found that the inventive emulsifiable concentrates (EC) form highly stable emulsions when mixed with water to form emulsions, so called emulsion-in-water (EW) formulations. The stability of an emulsion-in-water formulation may be evaluated by determining how much sedimentation or cream is formed following homogenization (i.e. following emulsification). Both cream and sedimentation represent a departure from idealized emulsion behavior, where the disperse particles either rise to the surface (creaming) or sink to the bottom (sedimentation) depending on their density. When determining the extent of creaming or sedimentation, it is not critical whether the emulsified droplets remain as such or aggregate to form a new continuous phase – both are sufficient to determine that the emulsion has broken down. The stability of a given emulsion is dependent on a number of factors, including the nature of the two immiscible phases, the relative amounts of each phase, and the emulsifiers used to stabilize the emulsion. For the purposes of quantifying emulsion stability in the context of the present invention, a stable emulsion is viewed as an emulsion that forms less than or equal to a given amount of cream and / or sedimentation 24 hours after homogenization. It is a finding of the present invention that the inventive emulsifiable concentrates (EC) are suitable for forming a wide range of emulsion-in-water (EW) formulations, when mixed with water and homogenized, which demonstrate unexpectedly beneficial emulsion stability. In order to quantify this beneficial feature of the emulsifiable concentrates (EC), a model emulsion system comprising 5.0 mL of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and 95.0 mL of water may be used, in which case a stable emulsion is defined as an emulsion that produces less than or equal to 1.5 mL of cream or sediment, 24 hours after formation of said emulsion. As such, it is preferred that the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) forms a stable emulsion when 5.0 mL of said emulsifiable concentrate (EC) is combined with 95.0 mL of water and homogenized, wherein a stable emulsion is defined as an emulsion having less than or equal to 1.5 mL of cream or sediment, 24 hours after formation of said emulsion. More preferably the emulsion forms less than or equal to 1.0 mL of cream or sediment, 24 hours after formation of said emulsion. Most preferably the emulsion forms less than or equal to 0.5 mL of cream or sediment, 24 hours after formation of said emulsion. If the emulsion does produce a measurable level of sediment or cream, it is further preferred that the emulsion may be re-homogenized, i.e. re-emulsified, to reform a stable emulsion, wherein a stable emulsion is as defined as above, wherein less than or equal to 1.5 mL of cream or sediment is formed 30 minutes after re-homogenization, more preferably wherein less than or equal to 1.0 mL of cream or sediment is formed 30 minutes after re- homogenization, most preferably wherein less than or equal to 0.5 mL of cream or sediment is formed 30 minutes after re-homogenization. Methods for the initial homogenization and re-homogenization are well known in the art, and the precise method used in such a test is not critical. That said, it is preferred that the homogenization is carried out by gentle inversion of the emulsion 10 times and that the re-homogenization is likewise carried out by gentle inversion of the emulsion 10 times. As would be understood by the person skilled in the art, the threshold of how much cream or sediment would indicate that an emulsion would not be stable is dependent on the amounts of each phase present in the emulsion. As such, alternative tests, such as may be envisaged. A model emulsion system comprising 0.5 mL of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and 99.5 mL of water may be used to assess low temperature stability, in which case a stable emulsion is defined as an emulsion that produces less than or equal to 1.0 mL of cream or sediment, 24 hours after formation of said emulsion at 5 °C. It is thus further preferred that the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) forms a stable emulsion when 0.5 mL of said emulsifiable concentrate (EC) is combined with 99.5 mL of water and homogenized at 5 °C, wherein a stable emulsion is defined as an emulsion having less than or equal to 0.5 mL of cream or sediment, 24 hours after formation of said emulsion, having been maintained at 5 °C. More preferably the emulsion forms less than or equal to 0.2 mL of cream or sediment, 24 hours after formation of said emulsion. If the emulsion does produce a measurable level of sediment or cream, it is further preferred that the emulsion may be re-homogenized, i.e. re-emulsified, to reform a stable emulsion, wherein a stable emulsion is as defined as above, wherein less than or equal to 0.5 mL of cream or sediment is formed 30 minutes after re-homogenization, preferably wherein less than or equal to 0.2 mL of cream or sediment is formed 30 minutes after re- homogenization. Emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation As described above, the emulsifiable concentrates (EC) of the present invention are most suitable for forming highly stable emulsion-in-water (EW) formulations. In a further aspect, the present invention is directed to an emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation, comprising an aqueous phase and a non-aqueous phase, wherein the non- aqueous phase is the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) of the first aspect. The precise amounts of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and water present in the emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation are not critical; however, it is preferred that the emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation comprises, more preferably consists of, an amount in the range from 0.01 to 80.0% w / w of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to the first aspect and an amount in the range of from 20.0 to 99.99% w / w of water, both amounts being expressed relative to the total weight of the emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation. It is further preferred that that the emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation comprises, more preferably consists of, an amount in the range from 0.1 to 50.0% w / w of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to the first aspect and an amount in the range of from 50.0 to 99.9% w / w of water, both amounts being expressed relative to the total weight of the emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation. It is especially preferred that the emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation comprises, more preferably consists of, an amount in the range from 0.5 to 5.0% w / w of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to the first aspect and an amount in the range of from 95.0 to 99.5% w / w of water, both amounts being expressed relative to the total weight of the emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation. In addition to the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to the first aspect and water, the emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation may further contain adjuvants conventionally used for agrochemical formulations (co-called tank adjuvants), the choice of the adjuvants depending on the specific use form, the type of formulation or the active substance. Examples of suitable adjuvants are surface-active substances (such as solubilisers, protective colloids, wetters and tackifiers), retention agents, wetting agents, spreaders, uptake enhancers, penetration agents, spray drift controllers, crystallization inhibitors, organic and inorganic thickeners, bactericides, antifreeze agents, antifoams, optionally colorants and adhesives (for example for the treatment of seed) or conventional adjuvants for bait formulations (for example attractants, feedants, bittering substances). All preferable embodiments and fallback positions relating to the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) of the first aspect are applicable mutatis mutandis to the emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation of the further aspect. Use In a final aspect, the present invention is directed to a use of one or more ester solvents (S2) having a water solubility of less than 1.50% w / w for improving the stability of an emulsion-in-water formulation, wherein the non-aqueous phase comprises one or more amide solvents (S1) having a water solubility of less than 1.50% w / w and one or more co- solvents (S3) having a water solubility of greater than 1.50 % w / w. All preferable embodiments and fallback positions relating to the one or more ester solvents (S2), the one or more amide solvents (S1) and the one or more co-solvents (S3) of the first aspect are applicable mutatis mutandis to the one or more ester solvents (S2), the one or more amide solvents (S1) and the one or more co-solvents (S3) of the present aspect. Likewise, all preferable embodiments and fallback positions relating to the emulsion-in- water formulation given for the second aspect are applicable mutatis mutandis to the emulsion-in-water formulation of the present aspect. Experimental Section Materials used: Solvents: All solvents listed in Table B were sourced from either BASF or alternative commercial sources. Table B: Solvents employed in inventive and comparative formulations: Tm Pour point Flash point Water solubility (°C) (°C) (°C) (% w / w) Amide solvent (S1) S1a dimethyl dodecanamide NM* 8 151 0.026 S1b dimethyl decanamide NM* -7 147 0.034 Ester solvent (S2) S2a C12-18fatty acid methyl *** –7.5 130** 0.001 ester S2b C6-10fatty acid methyl ester *** –4.4 84** 0.003 S2c methyl octanoate –40 –37 70 0.0064 S2d 2-ethylhexyl acetate –92 NM* 71 0.88 S2e dibutyl adipate –38 –38 >150** 0.0035 Co-solvent (S3) S3a propylene carbonate –49 NM* 116 24 S3b gamma-caprolactone –18 NM* 101 7.7 S3c dimethyl lactamide –63 –60 103 miscible S3d ethyl lactate –26 NM* 59 10 S3e solketal –99 NM* 91 miscible S3f cyclohexanone –26 NM* 44 8.6 S3g benzyl alcohol –15 NM* 96 4 S3h ethyl levulinate –60 NM* 94 17 S3i hexyl glycol –45 NM* 92 9.5 S3j triethyl citrate –55 NM* 178 6.5 NM* - not measured ** - open cup measurement (see below for details) *** - not given, as S2a and S2b are mixtures of multiple individual solvents. As a guide, C6fatty acid methyl ester has a Tm of –71 °C, C10fatty acid methyl ester has a Tm of –18 °C, C12fatty acid methyl ester has a Tm of 4 °C, and C18fatty acid methyl ester has a Tm of 40 °C. The following methods were used to obtain the data given in Table B: Melting temperature: The melting temperature of the individual solvents is determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Pour point: The pour point of individual solvents and mixtures of solvents was determined according to DIN ISO 3016. For individual solvents, the pour point is typically 0 to 5 °C higher than the melting point. Flash point: The flash point of individual solvents and mixtures of solvents was determined according to ISO 2719 (i.e. Pensky-Martens closed cup method). Values marked with two asterisks (i.e. 130**) were measured using DIN ISO 2592 (i.e. Cleveland open cup method), which typically gives values that are approximately 5-10 °C higher than when ISO 2719 is used. Water solubility: The water solubility of the solvent was determined according to a method based on CIPAC MT157.1 and OECD 105 via the assessment of undissolved solvent in water after vigorous mixing and standing. Herein, various amounts of solvent and water were mixed with vigorous shaking in a glass-stoppered graduated cylinder or separating funnel, followed by standing for at least 30 min to enable separation. For example, if undissolved solvent was observed after thorough mixing of 0.1 g solvent in 100 mL of water, the solvent had a water-solubility equal to or below 0.1% (≤ 1 g / L). This method can be repeated with various amounts of solvent and water to enable the determination of the water-solubility of the solvent. CIPAC D water: Made in the lab using a standard recipe published by CIPAC “MT 18.1.4”: Standard Waters .The water has a hardness of 342 ppm, with a 4:1 mixture of Ca:Mg ions at pH 6-7. The pesticides: Oxyfluorfen, tebuconazole, prothioconazole, trifloxystrobin, flufenacet and difenoconazole were purchased from various commercial sources. The emulsifiers: The emulsifiers used in the experiments are listed below. Emulsifier 1 Ethoxylated castor oil (35 mol% ethoxylated) Emulsifier 2 Ethoxylated castor oil (40 mol% ethoxylated) Emulsifier 3 Calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 70% in isobutanol Emulsifier 4 EO-PO-EO block copolymer, 40% EO, Molar Mass 2900 g / mol The following methods were used to evaluate the various combinations of solvents in the inventive and comparative formulations: 1. Emulsion concentrate (EC) stability at room temperature (21°C) All the components within the mixture are readily dissolved within the solution after stirring at room temperature (21°C) to form a liquid, free-flowing emulsion concentrate (EC). If the resulting EC remains stable without any precipitation for at least 2 weeks upon storage at room temperature, then this is termed “stable”. C = clear, S = stable, L = liquid, U1 = unstable due to separation U2 = unstable due to solidification. 2. Emulsion concentrate stability at low temperature (–5°C) All the components within the mixture are readily dissolved within the solution after stirring at room temperature (21°C) to form a liquid, free-flowing emulsion concentrate (EC). If the resulting EC remains liquid at –5°C and stable without any precipitation for at least 24 hours upon storage at –5°C, then it is termed “stable”. C = clear, S = stable, L = liquid, U1 = unstable due to separation U2 = unstable due to solidification 3. Emulsion stability at 5 % at room temperature (21°C) The emulsion was tested for its dispersibility by the effect known as blooming. The emulsions were assessed according to their spontaneous emulsification when the concentrate is added to water (known in the art as "blooming") with a visual assessment given on a scale of 1 to 5, whereby 1). Excellent, “cloud of emulsion”, does not sink to bottom of cylinder. 2). Good, “cloud of emulsion”, but sinks to bottom of cylinder 3). Okay, “poor emulsion cloud”, larger droplets 4). Poor, “no emulsion cloud”, small “particles” observed 5). Very poor, no emulsion, oil and water phases immediately separate“ Emulsifiable concentrates were prepared in the following examples and the resulting 5% w / w emulsions in various water hardness at 21 °C after 24 hours were assessed. Emulsion stability was determined as a function of time, with the amount of either cream or sediment measured. To measure emulsion stability, 5.0 mL of the emulsifiable concentrate was diluted in 95.0 mL CIPAC D water in a 100 mL measuring cylinder. The resulting oil-in-water emulsion stability was assessed after 1, 2, 4 and 24 hours. A highly stable emulsion does not form cream or sediment, or has less than 1.5 mL cream or sediment after 24 hours, and can be readily re-emulsified after 24 h of standing without the formation of cream or sediment, with such re-emulsified emulsions assessed 30 minutes after re-emulsification. Both the initial emulsification and the re-emulsification were achieved by gently inverting the emulsion 10 times. In the following tables Y (i.e. yes) indicates that at most 1.5 mL cream or sediment is observed after 24 hours, whilst N (i.e. no) indicates that more than 1.5 mL cream or sediment is observed after 24 hours. 4. Emulsion stability at low concentration (0.5 %) and low temperature (5°C) Emulsifiable concentrates were prepared in the following examples and the resulting 0.5 % w / w emulsions in various water hardness at 21 °C after 24 hours were assessed. Emulsion stability was determined as a function of time, with the amount of either cream or sediment measured. To measure emulsion stability, 0.5 mL of the emulsifiable concentrate was diluted in 99.5 mL CIPAC D water in a 100 mL measuring cylinder. The resulting oil-in-water emulsion stability was assessed after 24 hours. A highly stable emulsion does not form cream or sediment, or has less than 1.0 mL cream or sediment after 24 hours. Emulsification was achieved by gently inverting the emulsion 10 times. In the following tables Y (i.e. yes) indicates that at most 1.0 mL cream or sediment is observed after 24 hours, whilst N (i.e. no) indicates that more than 1.0 mL cream or sediment is observed after 24 hours. 5. Emulsion stability test using low-temperature re-circulation test A low-temperature emulsion re-circulation test was conducted to assess the stability of the emulsion under field application conditions. Herein, a 5L temperature-controlled vessel isothermally maintained at 4 °C containing 3L of pesticide emulsion at 0.5% w / w emulsifiable concentrate was prepared. The emulsion contains 3 L CIPAC D water and 15 g of emulsifiable concentrate, resulting in an emulsion concentration of 0.5% w / w. The resulting emulsion was pumped through a metal filter with a 140 µm pore size attached to the temperature-controlled vessel at a flow rate of 1L / min for 6 h at 4 °C, wherein the pressure was continually monitored. A perfectly stable emulsion maintains a pressure < 1.0 bar throughout the 6 h re-circulation period, and the filter after 6 h re-circulation was removed and dried, with a total collected solid material < 100 mg measured.

[0003] Table 1a Testing of oxyfluorofen-based formulations Component IE1a CE1a CE1b CE1c CE1d CE1e CE1f IE1b IE1c IE1d IE1e IE1f oxyfluorfen 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 S1a 27.5 32.5 32.5 65 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 S1b 27.5 S2a 10 32.5 32.5 65 10 S2b 10 S2c 10 S2d 10 S2e 10 S3a 27.5 32.5 32.5 65 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 E2 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 E4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 EC Appearance at 21°C after 2 weeks C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S U1 C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S EC Appearance at –5°C after 24 h storage C, L, S C, L, S U2 U1 U2 NM* U1 C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S Emulsion Properties Emulsion at 5 % and 21°CY Y N Y N NM* NE** Y Y Y Y YBlooming 2 2 2 2 NM* NM* NE** 2 2 2 2 2 Emulsion 1 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 4 NM* NE** <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Emulsion 2 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 6 NM* NE** <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 mL cream or Emulsion 4 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 6 NM* NE** <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 sediment Emulsion 24 h <0.1 <0.1 2.0 <0.1 10 NM* NE** <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 Re-emulsification 30 min <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 NM* NM* NE** <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Emulsion at 0.5 % and 5°CY N NM* NM* NM* NM* NE** Y Y Y Y YEmulsion 24 h <0.1 >1.0*** NM* NM* NM* NM* NE** 1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.25 Re-circulation test Y NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NE** NM* NM* NM* NM* NM*

[0004] Table 1b Testing of oxyfluorofen-based formulations Component IE1a IE1g IE1h IE1i IE1j IE1k IE1l IE1m IE1n oxyfluorfen 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 S1a 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 S2a 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 S3a 27.5 S3b 27.5 S3c 27.5 S3d 27.5 S3e 27.5 S3f 27.5 S3g 27.5 S3h 27.5 S3i 27.5 E2 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 E4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 EC Appearance at 21°C after 2 weeks C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S EC Appearance at –5°C after 24 h storage C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S Emulsion Properties Emulsion at 5 % and 21°CY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y YBlooming 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Emulsion 1 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Emulsion 2 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 mL cream or Emulsion 4 h <0.1 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 sediment Emulsion 24 h <0.1 <0.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Re-emulsification 30 min <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Emulsion at 0.5 % and 5°CY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y YEmulsion 24 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 0.15 <0.1 Re-circulation test Y NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM*

[0005] Table 2a Testing of tebuconazole-based formulations Component IE2a CE2a CE2b CE2c CE2d CE2e CE2f IE2b IE2c IE2d IE2e IE2f tebuconazole 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 S1a 27.5 32.5 32.5 65 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 S1b 27.5 S2a 10 32.5 32.5 65 10 S2b 10 S2c 10 S2d 10 S2e 10 S3a 27.5 32.5 32.5 65 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 E2 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 E4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 EC Appearance at 21°C after 2 weeks C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S U1 U1 C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S EC Appearance at –5°C after 24 h storage C, L, S U1 U1 U1 U1 NM* NM* C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S Emulsion Properties Emulsion at 5 % and 21°CY N N Y N NM* NE** Y Y Y Y YBlooming 2 2 2 2 4 NM* NE** 2 2 2 2 2 Emulsion 1 h <0.1 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 5.0 NM* NE** <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Emulsion 2 h <0.1 <0.1 3.0 <0.1 5.0 NM* NE** <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 mL cream or Emulsion 4 h <0.1 <0.1 3.0 <0.1 6.0 NM* NE** <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 sediment Emulsion 24 h <0.1 >5.0 3.0 0.5 6.0 NM* NE** <0.1 0.5 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 Re-emulsification 30 min <0.1 NM* NM* <0.1 NM* NM* NE** <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Emulsion at 0.5 % and 5°CY NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NE** Y Y Y Y YEmulsion 24 h <0.1 NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NE** <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Re-circulation test Y NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NE** NM* NM* NM* NM* NM*

[0006] Table 2b Testing of tebuconazole-based formulations Component IE2a IE2g IE2h IE2i IE2j IE2k IE2l IE2m IE2n tebuconazole 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 S1a 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 S2a 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 S3a 27.5 S3b 27.5 S3c 27.5 S3d 27.5 S3e 27.5 S3f 27.5 S3g 27.5 S3h 27.5 S3i 27.5 E2 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 E4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 EC Appearance at 21°C after 2 weeks C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S EC Appearance at –5°C after 24 h storage C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S Emulsion Properties Emulsion at 5 % and 21°CY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y YBlooming 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Emulsion 1 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Emulsion 2 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 mL cream or Emulsion 4 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 sediment Emulsion 24 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 0.7 <0.1 0.2 Re-emulsification 30 min <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Emulsion at 0.5 % and 5°CY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y YEmulsion 24 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Re-circulation test Y NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM*

[0007] Table 3a Testing of prothioconazole-based formulations Component IE3a CE3a CE3b CE3c CE3d CE3e CE3f IE3b IE3c IE3d IE3e IE3f prothioconazole 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 S1a 25 30 30 60 25 25 25 25 S1b 25 S2a 10 30 30 60 10 S2b 10 S2c 10 S2d 10 S2e 10 S3a 25 30 30 60 25 25 25 25 25 E1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 E3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 EC Appearance at 21°C after 2 weeks C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S U1 C, L, S U1 U1 C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S EC Appearance at –5°C after 24 h storage C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S NM* U1 NM* NM* C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S Emulsion Properties Emulsion at 5 % and 21°CY Y N NM* Y NM* NE** NM* Y Y Y NM*Blooming 2 2 2 NM* 3 NM* NE** NM* 2 2 2 NM* Emulsion 1 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 NM* <0.1 NM* NE** NM* <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 NM* Emulsion 2 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 NM* <0.1 NM* NE** NM* <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 NM* mL cream or Emulsion 4 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 NM* <0.1 NM* NE** NM* <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 NM* sediment Emulsion 24 h <0.1 <0.1 3.0 NM* 1.0 NM* NE** NM* 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 NM* Re-emulsification 30 min <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 NM* <0.1 NM* NE** NM* <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 NM* Emulsion at 0.5 % and 5°CY N NM* NM* NM* NM* NE** NM* NM* NM* NM* NM*Emulsion 24 h 0.2 1.2 NM* NM* NM* NM* NE** NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* Re-circulation test Y NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NE** NM* NM* NM* NM* NM*

[0008] Table 3b Testing of prothioconazole-based formulations Component IE3a IE3g IE3h IE3i IE3j IE3k IE3l IE3m IE3n IE3o prothioconazole 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 S1a 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 S2a 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 S3a 25 S3b 25 S3c 25 S3d 25 S3e 25 S3f 25 S3g 25 S3h 25 S3i 25 S3j 25 E1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 E3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 EC Appearance at 21°C after 2 weeks C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S EC Appearance at –5°C after 24 h storage C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S Emulsion Properties Emulsion at 5 % and 21°C Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Blooming 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 Emulsion 1 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Emulsion 2 h <0.1 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 mL cream or Emulsion 4 h <0.1 <0.1 0.3 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 sediment Emulsion 24 h <0.1 0.3 1.0 1.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.5 <0.1 0.5 <0.1 Re-emulsification 30 min <0.1 <0.1 0.3 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Emulsion at 0.5 % and 5°CY NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM*Emulsion 24 h 0.2 NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* Re-circulation test Y NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM*

[0009] Table 4a Testing of trifloxystrobin-based formulations Component IE4a CE4a CE4b CE4c CE4d CE4e CE4f IE4b IE4c IE4d IE4e IE4f trifloxystrobin 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 S1a 30 37.5 37.5 75 30 30 30 30 S1b 30 S2a 25 37.5 37.5 75 25 S2b 25 S2c 25 S2d 25 S2e 25 S3a 20 37.5 37.5 75 20 20 20 20 20 E2 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 E4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 EC Appearance at 21°C after 2 weeks C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S U1 C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S EC Appearance at –5°C after 24 h storage C, L, S U1 U1 U1 U1 U1 C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S Emulsion Properties Emulsion at 5 % and 21°CY N N Y N N N Y Y Y Y YBlooming 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 2 2 1 2 <0.1 Emulsion 1 h <0.1 2.0 0.5 0.5 5.0 0.3 1.5 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Emulsion 2 h <0.1 3.0 1.0 0.7 10.0 1.5 10.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 mL cream or Emulsion 4 h <0.1 3.0 2.0 1.0 NM* 2.5 NM* <0.1 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 <0.1 sediment Emulsion 24 h <0.1 10.0 2.0 1.0 NM* 4.0 NM* <0.1 1.0 1.0 0.3 <0.1 Re-emulsification 30 min <0.1 NM* <0.1 0.7 NM* 0.3 NM* <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Emulsion at 0.5 % and 5°CY NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* Y Y Y Y YEmulsion 24 h <0.1 NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1 Re-circulation test Y NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM*

[0010] Table 4b Testing of trifloxystrobin-based formulations Component IE4a IE4g IE4h IE4i IE4j IE4k IE4l IE4m IE4n trifloxystrobin 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 S1a 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 S2a 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 S3a 20 S3b 20 S3c 20 S3d 20 S3e 20 S3f 20 S3g 20 S3h 20 S3i 20 E2 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 E4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 EC Appearance at 21°C after 2 weeks C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S EC Appearance at –5°C after 24 h storage C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S Emulsion Properties Emulsion at 5 % and 21°CY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y YBlooming 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 Emulsion 1 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Emulsion 2 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 mL cream or Emulsion 4 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.5 0.5 <0.1 <0.1 sediment Emulsion 24 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 Re-emulsification 30 min <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Emulsion at 0.5 % and 5°CY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y YEmulsion 24 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1 0.15 0.3 0.1 0.35 0.1 Re-circulation test Y NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM*

[0011] Table 5a Testing of flufenacet-based formulations Component IE5a CE5a CE5b CE5c CE5d CE5e CE5f IE5b IE5c IE5d IE5e IE5f flufenacet 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 S1a 30 35 35 70 30 30 30 30 S1b 30 S2a 20 35 35 70 20 S2b 20 S2c 20 S2d 20 S2e 20 S3a 20 35 35 70 20 20 20 20 20 E2 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 E4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 EC Appearance at 21°C after 2 weeks C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S U1 C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S EC Appearance at –5°C after 24 h storage C, L, S U1 U1 U1 U1 U1 C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S Emulsion Properties Emulsion at 5 % and 21°CY Y N N N NM* N Y Y Y Y YBlooming 2 2 2 2 2 NM* 4 2 2 2 2 2 Emulsion 1 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.5 4.0 NM* 10.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Emulsion 2 h <0.1 <0.1 1.0 0.5 6.0 NM* NM* <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 mL cream or Emulsion 4 h <0.1 <0.1 2.0 0.7 10.0 NM* NM* <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 sediment Emulsion 24 h <0.1 0.5 4.0 1.5 NM* NM* NM* 1.0 0.5 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 Re-emulsification 30 min <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 NM* NM* NM* NM* <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Emulsion at 0.5 % and 5°CY NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* Y Y Y Y YEmulsion 24 h <0.1 NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Re-circulation test Y NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM*

[0012] Table 5b Testing of flufenacet-based formulations Component IE5a IE5g IE5h IE5i IE5j IE5k IE5l IE5m IE5n flufenacet 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 S1a 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 S2a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 S3a 20 S3b 20 S3c 20 S3d 20 S3e 20 S3f 20 S3g 20 S3h 20 S3i 20 E2 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 E4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 EC Appearance at 21°C after 2 weeks C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S EC Appearance at –5°C after 24 h storage C, L, S U1 C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S Emulsion Properties Emulsion at 5 % and 21°CY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y YBlooming 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 Emulsion 1 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Emulsion 2 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.5 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 mL cream or Emulsion 4 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.5 1.0 1.0 <0.1 sediment Emulsion 24 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 Re-emulsification 30 min <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1Emulsion at 0.5 % and 5°CY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y NM*Emulsion 24 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 NM* Re-circulation test Y NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM*

[0013] Table 6a Testing of Difenoconazole-based formulations Component IE6a CE6a CE6b CE6c CE6d CE6e CE6f IE6b IE6c IE6d IE6e IE6f Difenoconazole 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 S1a 25 30 30 60 25 25 25 25 S1b 25 S2a 20 30 30 60 20 S2b 20 S2c 20 S2d 20 S2e 20 S3a 15 30 30 60 20 20 20 20 20 E2 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 15 15 15 15 15 E4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 EC Appearance at 21°C after 2 weeks C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S U1 C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S EC Appearance at –5°C after 24 h storage C, L, S U1 U1 U1 U1 U1 C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S Emulsion Properties Emulsion at 5 % and 21°CY N Y Y N NM* N Y Y Y Y YBlooming 2 2 2 2 2 NM* 1.5 2 2 2 2 2 Emulsion 1 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.2 NM* 2.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Emulsion 2 h <0.1 4.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.3 NM* 10.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 mL cream or Emulsion 4 h <0.1 10.0 <0.1 <0.1 2.0 NM* NM* <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 sediment Emulsion 24 h <0.1 NM* 1.0 <0.1 4.0 NM* NM* <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Re-emulsification 30 min <0.1 NM* <0.1 <0.1 0.2 NM* NM* <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Emulsion at 0.5 % and 5°CY NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* Y Y Y Y YEmulsion 24 h 0.3 NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* <0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Re-circulation test Y NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM*

[0014] Table 6b Testing of Difenoconazole-based formulations Component IE6a IE6g IE6h IE6i IE6j IE6k IE6l IE6m IE6n IE6o Difenoconazole 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 S1a 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 S2a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 S3a 15 S3b 15 S3c 15 S3d 15 S3e 15 S3f 15 S3g 15 S3h 15 S3i 15 S3j 15 E2 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 E4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 EC Appearance at 21°C after 2 weeks C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S EC Appearance at –5°C after 24 h storage C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S Emulsion Properties Emulsion at 5 % and 21°C Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Blooming 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Emulsion 1 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Emulsion 2 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 mL cream or Emulsion 4 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 sediment Emulsion 24 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Re-emulsification 30 min <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Emulsion at 0.5 % and 5°CY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y NM* NM*Emulsion 24 h 0.3 0.1 0.1 <0.1 0.15 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 NM* NM* Re-circulation test Y NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM*

[0015] Table 7a Testing of tebuconazole / trifloxystrobin-based formulations Component IE7a CE7a CE7b CE7c CE7d CE7e CE7f IE7b IE7c IE7d IE7e IE7f tebuconazole 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 trifloxystrobin 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 S1a 25 30 30 60 25 25 25 25 S1b 25 S2a 10 30 30 60 10 S2b 10 S2c 10 S2d 10 S2e 10 S3a 25 30 30 60 25 25 25 25 25 E2 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 E4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 EC Appearance at 21°C after 2 weeks C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S U1 U1 C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S EC Appearance at –5°C after 24 h storage C, L, S U1 U1 U1 U1 U1 U1 C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S Emulsion Properties Emulsion at 5 % and 21°C Y Y N Y N NM* NE** Y Y Y Y Y Blooming 2 2 2 2 3 NM* NE** 2 2 1 2 2 Emulsion 1 h <0.1 <0.1 0.5 <0.1 10.0 NM* NE** <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Emulsion 2 h <0.1 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 NM* NM* NE** <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 mL cream or Emulsion 4 h <0.1 <0.1 2.0 <0.1 NM* NM* NE** <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 sediment Emulsion 24 h <0.1 <0.1 4.0 1.0 NM* NM* NE** <0.1 0.5 <0.1 <0.1 0.5 Re-emulsification 30 min <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 NM* NM* NE** <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Emulsion at 0.5 % and 5°C Y NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NE** Y Y Y Y Y Emulsion 24 h <0.1 NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NE** 0.15 <0.1 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 Re-circulation test Y NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NE** NM* NM* NM* NM* NM*

[0016] Table 7b Testing of tebuconazole / trifloxystrobin -based formulations Component IE7a IE7g IE7h IE7i IE7j IE7k IE7l IE7m IE7n tebuconazole 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 trifloxystrobin 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 S1a 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 S2a 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 S3a 25 S3b 25 S3c 25 S3d 25 S3e 25 S3f 25 S3g 25 S3h 25 S3i 25 E2 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 E4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 EC Appearance at 21°C after 2 weeks C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S EC Appearance at –5°C after 24 h storage C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S C, L, S Emulsion Properties Emulsion at 5 % and 21°C Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Blooming 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Emulsion 1 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Emulsion 2 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 mL cream or Emulsion 4 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 sediment Emulsion 24 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Re-emulsification 30 min <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1Emulsion at 0.5 % and 5°CY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y NM*Emulsion 24 h <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 NM* Re-circulation test Y NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM* NM*

[0017] NM* = not measured (usually due to failure of a test higher up in the table). NE** = no emulsion formed (usually due to high water solubility of solvent system) *** = crystals formed, rather than cream / sedimentation As can be seen from Tables 1a to 7b, the individual amide solvents (e.g. S1a, see CEd) tend to have poor emulsifiable concentrate stability (often solidifying or separating after storage at –5 °C), as well as generally having poor emulsion stability. The individual ester solvents (e.g. S2a, see CEe) have very poor active ingredient solubility, with separation (i.e. U1) observed even at room temperature in all cases, thus emulsion stability tests often cannot be performed, although when such tests are performed, emulsion stability is also poor. The individual co-solvents (e.g. S3a, see CEf) have poor emulsifiable concentrate stability, especially at low temperatures, and do not form stable emulsions. Combinations of S1 and S2 (see CEb) are superior to S1 and S2 individually, but still fail to overcome the issues regarding emulsifiable concentrate stability at low temperatures (due to solidification or separation), and emulsion stability is generally still poor. Combinations of S1 and S3 (see CEa) occasionally provide better emulsion stability at low temperatures; however, emulsion stability is still generally poor, especially at low concentrations / low temperature. Combinations of S2 and S3 (see CEc) experience poor active ingredient solubility at low temperature (and occasionally at room temperature), as well as having mixed emulsion stability performance at room temperature. It is only through using a three-way combination of S1, S2 and S3 that excellent emulsion concentrate stability at room temperature and low temperature, as well as excellent emulsion stability at high concentration / room temperature and low concentration / low temperature can be achieved. Furthermore, these effects can be achieved across a range of suitable amide solvents (S1), a range of suitable ester solvents (S2) and a range of (partially) suitable water soluble co-solvents (S3) (as shown for the range of inventive examples from IEa to IEo).

Claims

Claims 1. An emulsifiable concentrate (EC) comprising one or more pesticides, one or more emulsifiers, and a solvent system (S) comprising, more preferably consisting of: a) one or more amide solvents (S1) having a water solubility of less than 1.50% w / w; b) one or more ester solvents (S2) having a water solubility of less than 1.50% w / w; and c) one or more co-solvents (S3) having a water solubility of greater than 1.50% w / w.

2. The emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to claim 1, wherein the combined total of the one or more amide solvents (S1), has a pour point, determined according to DIN ISO 3016, in the range from –100 to 20 °C, more preferably in the range from –60 to 15 °C, most preferably in the range from –40 to 10 °C.

3. The emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein at least one of the one or more amide solvents (S1) has from 7 to 20 carbon atoms.

4. The emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more amide solvents (S1) are selected from the group consisting of dimethyl hexanamide, dimethyl heptanamide, dimethyl octanamide, dimethyl nonanamide, dimethyl decanamide, dimethyl undecanamide, dimethyl dodecanamide, dimethyl tridecanamide, dimethyl tetradecanamide, dimethyl pentadecanamide, dimethyl hexadecanamide, dimethyl heptadecanamide, dimethyl octadecanamide, dimethyl nonadecanamide, dimethyl icosanamide and unsaturated variants thereof, such as dimethyl soyate amide, dimethyl canolate amide and dimethyl oleanamide, as well as fatty acid dimethylamide mixtures, such as C6-C10fatty acid dimethylamide and C12-C18fatty acid dimethylamide, and combinations of any of the above.

5. The emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more ester solvents (S2) are selected from the group consisting of methyl hexanoate, methyl heptanoate, methyl octanoate, methyl nonanoate, methyl decanoate, methyl undecanoate, methyl dodecanoate, methyl tridecanoate, methyl tetradecanoate, methyl pentadecanoate, methyl hexadecanoate, methyl heptadecanoate, methyl octadecanoate, methyl nonadecanoate, methyl icosanoate, methyl isononoate, 1-ethylhexyl palimatate, caprylic / capric triglyceride, propylene glycol dicaprylate / dicaprate, Propane-1,2,3-triyl 2-ethylhexanoate, 2,2- bis[(octanoyloxy)methyl]butyl decanoate, Trimethylolpropane trioleate, 2-ethylhexyl acetate, dibutyl adipate, and 2-ethylhexyl cocoate, and unsaturated variants thereof, such as methyl soyate ester, methyl canolate ester and methyl oleate, as well as fatty acid methyl ester mixtures, such as C6-C10fatty acid methyl ester and C12-C18fatty acid methyl ester, and combinations of any of the above.

6. The emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more co-solvents (S3) are selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, glycerine carbonate, hexyl glycol, hexylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol, butyl glycol, butyldiglycol, butoxypropan-2-ol, dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, di(ethylene glycol)monomethyl ether, di(ethylene glycol)ethyl ether, di(ethylene glycol)monopropyl ether, 3-Methoxy- 3-methyl-1-butanol, methoxypropanol, N,N-dimethyl lactamide, ethyl lactate, propyl lactate, butyl lactate, cyclohexanone, benzyl alcohol, triethyl citrate, gamma butyrolactone, gamma caprolactone, methyl levulinate, ethyl levulinate, 1,2- isopropylidengylcerol (solketal), glycerinformal, n-ethyl pyrrolidone, n-ethyl pyrrolidone, n-butyl pyrrolidone, Methyl 5-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-5- oxopentanoate, dimethylacetoacetamide, diethylacetoacetamide, dimethylisosorbide, dihydrolevoglucosenone, methyl acetoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, dimethyl 3- methylglutarate and combinations of any of the above.

7. The emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the solvent system (S) consists of: a) from 1 to 80% w / w, more preferably from 10 to 60% w / w, most preferably from 20 to 50% w / w, relative to the total weight of the solvent system (S), of the one or more amide solvents (S1); b) from 1 to 80% w / w, more preferably from 5 to 60% w / w, most preferably from 10 to 40% w / w, relative to the total weight of the solvent system (S), of the one or more ester solvents (S2); and c) from 1 to 80% w / w, more preferably from 10 to 60% w / w, most preferably from 20 to 50% w / w, relative to the total weight of the solvent system (S), of the one or more co-solvents (S3), wherein the total amount of components a), b), and c) do not exceed 100%.

8. The emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising, more preferably consisting of: a) from 1 to 50% w / w, more preferably from 5 to 40% w / w, most preferably from 10 to 35% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC), of the one or more pesticides; b) from 1 to 30% w / w, more preferably from 5 to 25% w / w, most preferably from 10 to 20% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC), of the one or more emulsifiers; c) from 1 to 90% w / w, more preferably from 10 to 85% w / w, most preferably from 25 to 80% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC), of the solvent system (S); and d) optionally from 1 to 30% w / w, more preferably from 2 to 20% w / w, most preferably from 3 to 15% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC), of one or more adjuvants, wherein the total amount of components a), b), c), and d) do not exceed 100%.

9. The emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising, more preferably consisting of: a) from 1 to 50% w / w, more preferably from 5 to 40% w / w, most preferably from 10 to 35% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC), of the one or more pesticides; b) from 1 to 30% w / w, more preferably from 5 to 25% w / w, most preferably from 10 to 20% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC), of the one or more emulsifiers; c) from 1 to 70% w / w, more preferably from 3 to 50% w / w, most preferably from 5 to 40% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC), of the one or more amide solvents (S1); d) from 1 to 70% w / w, more preferably from 3 to 50% w / w, most preferably from 5 to 40% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC), of the one or more ester solvents (S2); e) from 1 to 70% w / w, more preferably from 3 to 50% w / w, most preferably from 5 to 40% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC), of the one or more co-solvents (S3); and f) optionally from 1 to 30% w / w, more preferably from 2 to 20% w / w, most preferably from 3 to 15% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC), of one or more adjuvants, wherein the total amount of components a), b), c), d), e), and f) do not exceed 100%.

10. The emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the one or more pesticides is selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, oxyfluorfen, difenoconazole, trifloxystrobin, propiconazole, flufenacet, epoxiconazole, and tebuconazole.

11. The emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one first emulsifier that is a fatty acid ester ethoxylate and either at least one second emulsifier that is a copolymer comprising ethylene oxide and propylene oxide monomers or at least one second emulsifier that is a sulfonate salt.

12. The emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to any one of the preceding claims, that is stable in liquid form at –5 °C for at least 24 hours.

13. The emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) forms a stable emulsion when 0.5 mL of said emulsifiable concentrate (EC) is combined with 99.5 mL of water and homogenized, wherein a stable emulsion is defined as an emulsion having at most 1.0 mL of cream or sediment, 24 hours after formation of said emulsion.

14. An emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation, comprising an aqueous phase and a non- aqueous phase, wherein the non-aqueous phase is the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

15. A use of one or more ester solvents (S2) having a water solubility of less than 1.50% w / w for improving the stability of an emulsion-in-water formulation, wherein the non- aqueous phase comprises one or more amide solvents (S1) having a water solubility of less than 1.50% w / w and one or more co-solvents (S3) having a water solubility of greater than 1.50 % w / w.