Combination of antibody-immune agonist conjugate and Anti-pd-1 antibody, and use thereof
Patent Information
- Application Number
- EP2024884784
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-10-31
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-09
AI Technical Summary
Current cancer therapies, including HER2-targeted therapies, face challenges such as drug resistance, limited clinical efficacy, and side effects, particularly when targeting HER2-positive cancers.
A combination therapy involving an antibody-immune agonist conjugate (AIAC) targeted against HER2 and an anti-PD-1 antibody, which works by activating immune cells like macrophages and DCs to enhance anti-tumor immunity.
The combination therapy demonstrates improved anti-tumor efficacy by overcoming drug resistance and enhancing immune response, leading to better treatment outcomes for HER2-associated tumors.
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Abstract
Description
Combination of antibody-immune agonist conjugate and anti-PD-1 antibody, and use thereofTechnical Field
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the biopharmaceutical field, in particular, to a combination of an antibody-immune agonist conjugate (AIAC) and anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, and use thereof.Background
[0002] Immunotherapy is a new modality of cancer therapy that has shown great power. While immune checkpoint inhibitor represented by CLTA-4 and PD-1 / L1 monoclonal antibody, which are basically T cell-based therapy, was approved for various cancer indications, there are also a lot of efforts exploring other mechanisms of immune system to fight against cancers. Targeting myeloid cells, majorly macrophages, or DCs, has emerged as a promising direction. Activating macrophages and DCs by agonists or by macrophage checkpoint inhibitors does not only enhance their capacity of phagocytosis to clear tumor cells, but also promote their functions of antigen presentation, which would more robustly ignite adaptive anti-tumor immunity.
[0003] Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family having tyrosine kinase activity. Amplification or overexpression of HER2 occurs in approximately 15-30%of breast cancers and 10-30%of gastric / gastroesophageal cancers. HER2 overexpression has also been seen in other cancers like ovary cancer, endometrium cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, and head and neck cancer (Iqbal N. et al, Mol Biol Int. 2014: 852748) . Although the efficacy of HER2-targeted therapies, such as HER2 directed antibody or antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) , substantially improves the life expectancy of patients with HER2-positive disease, by nature, HER2-positive breast cancer is still a more aggressive form of the disease, with a poorer prognosis and worse outcome than for patients with HER2-negative (and HR-positive) disease. Moreover, the therapeutic results have been proved disappointing in other HER2 overexpressing cancers. One of the numerous reasons for the poor outcome is that patients administered with HER2-targeting therapy become resistant. Immune escape of the tumor cells incurs the process.
[0004] TLR7 / 8 are two important pattern recognition receptors that are located in the endosomal membrane of macrophages, DCs, and monocytes. They naturally sense the ssRNA derived from virus, mediate the activation of immune cells and release of pro-inflammation cytokines. A lot of researches have demonstrated that TLR7 / 8 agonists have anti-tumor activity. Imiquimod, a TLR7 agonist, has been approved for the treatment of genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis by topical administration. Resiquimod, a TLR7 / 8 dual agonist, has been approved for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Nevertheless, the side effects induced by systemic administration of TLR7 / 8 agonist restrict their usage in broader spectrum of cancers.
[0005] Drug resistance is another major hurdle in the development for cancer therapies. Intrinsic resistance and acquisition of new resistance mutations are observed with conventional chemotherapy, targeted and immunological therapies. Compensatory adaptation processes in the oncogenic pathway (s) are also described as resistance mechanisms. Intensive research is done to overcome this hurdle. Development of combined therapies are frequently confronted with limited clinical efficacy, more complicated regimens, pharmacological compatibility issues and therefore requirement for a higher level of risk management. Cost-effectiveness is also a factor to consider.Summary
[0006] The present disclosure provides a combination therapy of an HER2 directed antibody-immune agonist conjugate (AIAC) with anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof to decrease the drug resistance and obtain better anti-tumor treatment effect.
[0007] In a first aspect, provided is an antibody-immune agonist conjugate (AIAC) of formula (I-1) and / or formula (I-2) :
[0008] wherein,
[0009] B2 is - (CH2) k (CO) -NH- (C2H4-O) j-or - (CH2) kC (O) - (NH-CR1R2-C (O) ) d-;
[0010] k is an integer of 1 to 5;
[0011] j is an integer of 1 to 3;
[0012] d is an integer of 1 or 2;
[0013] R1 and R2 are each independently selected from hydrogen, -OH, -NH2, -C1-6 alkyl;
[0014] PL is an agonist which is linked to the B2 moiety,
[0015] preferably, PL is Resiquimod
[0016] z is an integer or non-integer of 1 to 4; preferably 1, 2 or 4;
[0017] A is a targeting molecule which is modified by introduction of the ligase donor substrate recognition sequence; preferably, the targeting molecule is an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof; more preferably, A is an anti-HER2 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0018] In one embodiment, the anti-HER2 antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable region (VL) and a heavy chain variable region (VH) , wherein the VL comprises:
[0019] (i) LCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17;
[0020] (ii) LCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18; and
[0021] (iii) LCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19;
[0022] and / or
[0023] the VH comprises:
[0024] (i) HCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20;
[0025] (ii) HCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21; and
[0026] (iii) HCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22.
[0027] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a VL having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23 and / or a VH having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24.
[0028] In a second aspect, provided is a pharmaceutical combination, comprising an antibody-immune agonist conjugate and anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, wherein the antibody-immune agonist conjugate has the structure of formula (I-1) and / or formula (I-2) :
[0029] wherein,
[0030] B2 is - (CH2) k (CO) -NH- (C2H4-O) j-or - (CH2) kC (O) - (NH-CR1R2-C (O) ) d-;
[0031] k is an integer of 1 to 5;
[0032] j is an integer of 1 to 3;
[0033] d is an integer of 1 or 2;
[0034] R1 and R2 are each independently selected from hydrogen, -OH, -NH2, -C1-6 alkyl;
[0035] PL is an agonist which is linked to the B2 moiety,
[0036] preferably, PL is Resiquimod
[0037] z is an integer or non-integer of 1 to 4, preferably 1, 2 or 4;
[0038] A is a targeting molecule which is modified by introduction of the ligase donor substrate recognition sequence; preferably, the targeting molecule is an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof; more preferably, A is an anti-HER2 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0039] In one embodiment, the anti-HER2 antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof, comprises a light chain variable region (VL) and a heavy chain variable region (VH) , wherein
[0040] the VL comprises:
[0041] (i) LCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17;
[0042] (ii) LCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18; and
[0043] (iii) LCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19;
[0044] and / or
[0045] the VH comprises:
[0046] (i) HCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20;
[0047] (ii) HCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21; and
[0048] (iii) HCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22.
[0049] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a VL having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23 and / or a VH having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24.
[0050] In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical combination further comprises at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0051] In another aspect, provided is a kit comprising the pharmaceutical combination.
[0052] In another aspect, provided is use of the pharmaceutical combination or the kit in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing, alleviating or treating a disease; wherein the disease is a tumor.
[0053] In another aspect, provided is a method for treating a subject suffering a disease or preventing (or alleviating) disease progression, comprising administering the pharmaceutical combination or the kit; wherein the disease is a tumor.
[0054] In one embodiment, the tumor is HER2-associated tumor.
[0055] In one embodiment, the disease includes HER2-positive tumor or HER2-low tumor. In one embodiment, the disease includes a tumor overexpressing HER2 or a tumor with HER2 gene mutation. In one embodiment, the HER2-associated tumor is selected from breast cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and urothelial cancer. In one embodiment, HER2-low is IHC1+ or IHC2+ (FISH test is negative) . In one embodiment, HER2-positive is IHC2+(FISH test is positive) or IHC3+.
[0056] In another aspect, provided is a method for treating a subject suffering from a disease or reducing the likelihood of disease progression, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the antibody-immune agonist conjugate and administering to the subject an effective amount of an anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0057] In another aspect, provided is a method for treating a subject suffering from a cancer or reducing the likelihood of cancer progression, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the antibody-immune agonist conjugate and administering to the subject an effective amount of an anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0058] In another aspect, provided is use of an effective amount of the antibody-immune agonist conjugate for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a subject with disease to be used in combination with an effective amount of an anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0059] In another aspect, provided is use of an effective amount of the antibody-immune agonist conjugate for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a subject with cancer to be used in combination with an effective amount of an anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0060] Figure 1 shows the efficacy of AC102-8-1-1 monotherapy or in combination with anti-mPD-1 antibody in MC38-hHER2 syngeneic model.
[0061] Figure 2 shows the efficacy of AC102-8-1-1, AC102-6-1-1 or OL-HX20042 monotherapy respectively, or in combination with anti-mPD-1 antibody in MC38-hHER2 syngeneic model.
[0062] Figure 3 shows the efficacy of AC102-6-1-1 monotherapy or in combination with anti-mPD-1 antibody in MC38-hHER2 syngeneic model.Detailed Description
[0063] The specific embodiments are provided below to illustrate technical contents of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present disclosure through the contents disclosed in the specification. The present disclosure can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments. Various modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure.
[0064] Definitions
[0065] Unless otherwise defined hereinafter, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. The techniques used herein refer to those that are generally understood in the art, including the variants and equivalent substitutions that are obvious to those skilled in the art. While the following terms are believed to be readily comprehensible by those skilled in the art, the following definitions are set forth to better illustrate the present disclosure. When a trade name is present herein, it refers to the corresponding commodity or the active ingredient thereof. All patents, published patent applications and publications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference.
[0066] When a certain amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is set forth in the form of a range, a preferred range, or a preferred upper limit or a preferred lower limit, it should be understood that it is equivalent to specifically revealing any range formed by combining any upper limit or preferred value with any lower limit or preferred value, regardless of whether the said range is explicitly recited. Unless otherwise stated, the numerical ranges listed herein are intended to include the endpoints of the range and all integers and fractions (decimals) within the range. For example, the expression “z is an integer of 1 to 4” means that z is any integer of 1 to 4, for example, z can be about 1, 2, 3, or 4. Other similar expressions such as j and d should also be understood in a similar manner.
[0067] Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, singular forms like “a” and “the” include the plural forms. The expression “one or more” or “at least one” may mean 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more.
[0068] The terms “about” and “approximately” , when used in connection with a numerical variable, generally mean that the value of the variable and all values of the variable are within experimental error (for example, within a 95%confidence interval for the mean) or within ±10%of a specified value, or a wider range.
[0069] The term “stoichiometric ratio” means matching various substances according to a certain amount by weight. For example, in the present disclosure, the active ingredient is mixed with a filler, a binder, and a lubricant in a designated weight ratio.
[0070] The term “optional” or “optionally” means the event described subsequent thereto may, but not necessarily happen, and the description includes the cases wherein said event or circumstance happens or does not happen.
[0071] The expressions “comprising” , “including” , “containing” and “having” are open-ended, and do not exclude additional unrecited elements, steps, or ingredients. The expression “consisting of” excludes any element, step, or ingredient not designated. The expression “consisting essentially of” means that the scope is limited to the designated elements, steps or ingredients, plus elements, steps or ingredients that are optionally present that do not substantially affect the essential and novel characteristics of the claimed subject matter. It should be understood that the expression “comprising” encompasses the expressions “consisting essentially of” and “consisting of” .
[0072] The term “targeting molecule” refers to a molecule that has an affinity for a particular target (e.g., receptor, cell surface protein, cytokine, etc. ) . A targeting molecule can deliver the payload to a specific site in vivo through targeted delivery. A targeting molecule can recognize one or more targets. The specific target site is defined by the targets it recognizes. For example, a targeting molecule that targets a receptor can deliver a payload to a site containing a large number of the receptors. Examples of targeting molecules include, but are not limited to antibodies, antibody fragments, binding proteins for a given antigen, antibody mimics, scaffold proteins having affinity for a given target, ligands, and the like.
[0073] As used herein, the term “antibody” is used in a broad way and particularly includes an intact monoclonal antibody, a polyclonal antibody, a monospecific antibody, a multispecific antibody (e.g., a bispecific antibody) , and an antibody fragment, as long as they have the desired biological activity. The antibody may be of any subtype (such as IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, and IgA) or subclass, and may be derived from any suitable species. In one embodiment, the antibody is of human or murine origin. The antibody may also be a fully human antibody, humanized antibody or chimeric antibody prepared by recombinant methods.
[0074] Monoclonal antibodies are used herein to refer to antibodies obtained from a substantially homogeneous population of antibodies, i.e., the individual antibodies constituting the population are identical except for a small number of possible natural mutations. Monoclonal antibodies are highly specific for a single antigenic site, multiple antigenic sites or different epitopes of the same antigen. The word “monoclonal” refers to that the characteristics of the antibody are derived from a substantially homogeneous population of antibodies and are not to be construed as requiring some particular methods to produce the antibody.
[0075] An intact antibody or full-length antibody essentially comprises the antigen-binding variable region (s) as well as the light chain constant region (s) (CL) and heavy chain constant region (s) (CH) , which could include CH1, CH2, CH3 and / or CH4, depending on the subtype of the antibody. An antigen-biding variable region (also known as a fragment variable region, Fv fragment) typically comprises a light chain variable region (VL) and a heavy chain variable region (VH) . A constant region can be a constant region with a native sequence (such as a constant region with human native sequences) or an amino acid sequence variant thereof. The variable region recognizes and interacts with the target antigen. The constant region can be recognized by and interacts with the immune system.
[0076] As used herein, the term “heavy chain constant region (CH) ” includes amino acid sequences derived from an intact antibody or full-length antibody heavy chain. A polypeptide comprising a heavy chain constant region comprises at least one of: a CH1 domain, a hinge (e.g., upper, middle, and / or lower hinge region) domain, a CH2 domain, a CH3 domain, a CH4 domain, or a variant or fragment thereof. For example, an antigen-binding polypeptide for use in the disclosure may comprise a polypeptide chain comprising a CH1 domain; a polypeptide chain comprising a CH1 domain, at least a portion of a hinge domain, and a CH2 domain; a polypeptide chain comprising a CH1 domain and a CH3 domain; a polypeptide chain comprising a CH1 domain, at least a portion of a hinge domain, and a CH3 domain, or a polypeptide chain comprising a CH1 domain, at least a portion of a hinge domain, a CH2 domain, and a CH3 domain.
[0077] As used herein, “CL” refers to a constant region of a light chain.
[0078] The subunit structures and three dimensional configuration of the constant regions of the various antibody classes are well known. As used herein, the term “VH domain” includes the amino terminal variable domain of an antibody heavy chain and the term “CH1 domain” includes the first (most amino terminal) constant region domain of an antibody heavy chain. The CH1 domain is adjacent to the VH domain and is amino terminal to the hinge region of an antibody heavy chain molecule.
[0079] As used herein, “VL” refers to a variable region of a light chain.
[0080] An antibody fragment may comprise a portion of an intact antibody, preferably its antigen-binding region or variable region. Examples of antibody fragments include Fab, Fab', F (ab') 2, Fd fragment consisting of VH and CH1 domains, Fv fragment, single-domain antibody (dAb) fragment, and isolated complementarity determining region (CDR) . The Fab fragment is an antibody fragment obtained by papain digestion of a full-length immunoglobulin, or a fragment having the same structure produced by, for example, recombinant expression. A Fab fragment comprises a light chain (comprising a VL and a CL) and another chain, wherein the said other chain comprises a variable domain of the heavy chain (VH) and a constant region domain of the heavy chain (CH1) . The F (ab') 2 fragment is an antibody fragment obtained by pepsin digestion of an immunoglobulin at pH 4.0-4.5, or a fragment having the same structure produced by, for example, recombinant expression. The F (ab') 2 fragment essentially comprises two Fab fragments, wherein each heavy chain portion comprises a few additional amino acids, including the cysteines that form disulfide bonds connecting the two fragments. A Fab' fragment is a fragment comprising one half of a F (ab') 2 fragment (one heavy chain and one light chain) . The antibody fragment may comprise a plurality of chains joined together, for example, via a disulfide bond and / or via a peptide linker. Examples of antibody fragments also include single-chain Fv (scFv) , Fv, dsFv, diabody, Fd and Fd' fragments, and other fragments, including modified fragments. An antibody fragment typically comprises at least or about 50 amino acids, and typically at least or about 200 amino acids. An antigen-binding fragment can include any antibody fragment that, when inserted into an antibody framework (e.g., by substitution of the corresponding region) , can result in an antibody that immunospecifically binds to the antigen.
[0081] In the case where there are two or more definitions of a term which is used and / or accepted within the art, the definition of the term as used herein is intended to include all such meanings unless explicitly stated to the contrary. A specific example is the use of the term “complementarity determining region (CDR) ” to describe the non-contiguous antigen combining sites found within the variable region of both heavy and light chain polypeptides. This particular region has been described by Kabat et al., U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, “Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest” (1983) and by Chothia et al., J. MoI. Biol. 196: 901-917 (1987) , which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. The CDR definitions according to Kabat and Chothia include overlapping or subsets of amino acid residues when compared against each other. Nevertheless, application of either definition to refer to a CDR of an antibody or variants thereof is intended to be within the scope of the term as defined and used herein. The exact residue numbers which constitute a particular CDR will vary depending on the sequence and size of the CDR. Those skilled in the art can routinely determine residues of CDR given the variable region amino acid sequence of the antibody.
[0082] As used herein, “HCDR” refers to a complementarity determining region of a heavy chain.
[0083] As used herein, “LCDR” refers to a complementarity determining region of a light chain.
[0084] Antibodies according to the present disclosure can be prepared using techniques well known in the art, such as the following techniques or a combination thereof: recombinant techniques, phage display techniques, synthetic techniques, or other techniques known in the art. For example, a genetically engineered recombinant antibody (or antibody mimic) can be expressed by a suitable culture system (e.g., E. coli or mammalian cells) . The engineering of antibody can refer to, for example, the introduction of a ligase-specific recognition sequence at its terminals.
[0085] HER2 refers to human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, which belongs to the epidermal growth factor (EGFR) receptor tyrosine kinase family. In the present disclosure, the terms ErbB2 and HER2 have the same meaning and can be used interchangeably.
[0086] Immune agonist refers to an agonist which can induce or enhance immune response to the tumor, such through activation of immune cells, including but not limited to DCs, B cells, macrophages, NK cells, and T cells. The non-limiting examples of immune agonists such as TLR agonists, including but not limited to agonists of TLR7 and / or TLR8 and / or TLR9 (e.g., Imiquimod, Resiquimod, 852A and VTX-2337) and STING agonists (e.g., ADU-S100 and MK-1454) are known in the art.
[0087] Linking unit refers to a functional group that covalently bonds two or more moieties in a compound or material. For example, the linking unit can serve to covalently bond moieties of targeting molecule (s) and / or payload (s) .
[0088] A spacer is a structure that is located between different structural modules and can spatially separate the structural modules. The definition of spacer is not limited by whether it has a certain function or whether it can be cleaved or degraded in vivo. Examples of spacers include but are not limited to amino acids and non-amino acid structures, wherein non-amino acid structures can be, but are not limited to, amino acid derivatives or analogues. “Spacer sequence” refers to an amino acid sequence serving as a spacer, and examples thereof include but are not limited to a single amino acid such as Leu, Gln, etc., a sequence containing a plurality of amino acids, for example, a sequence containing two amino acids such as GA, etc., or, for example, GGGGS (SEQ ID No. 25) , GGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID No. 26) , GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID No. 27) , etc. Other examples of spacers include, for example, self-immolative spacers such as PABC (p-benzyloxycarbonyl) , and the like.
[0089] The term “alkyl” refers to a straight or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group consisting of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms, which is connected to the rest of the molecule through a single bond. The alkyl group may contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms, referring to C1-C6 alkyl group, for example, C1-C4 alkyl group, C1-C3 alkyl group, C1-C2 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C3-C6 alkyl. Non-limiting examples of alkyl groups include but are not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 1-methylbutyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl, neopentyl, 1, 1-dimethylpropyl, 4-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 3, 3-dimethylbutyl, 2, 2-dimethyl butyl, 1, 1-dimethylbutyl, 2, 3-dimethylbutyl, 1, 3-dimethylbutyl or 1, 2-dimethylbutyl, or their isomers. A bivalent radical refers to a group obtained from the corresponding monovalent radical by removing one hydrogen atom from a carbon atom with free valence electron (s) . A bivalent radical has two connecting sites which are connected to the rest of the molecule. For example, an “alkylene” or an “alkylidene” refers to a saturated divalent hydrocarbon group, either straight or branched. Examples of alkylene groups include but are not limited to methylene (-CH2-) , ethylene (-C2H4-) , propylene (-C3H6-) , butylene (-C4H8-) , pentylene (-C5H10-) , hexylene (-C6H12-) , 1-methylethylene (-CH (CH3) CH2-) , 2-methylethylene (-CH2CH (CH3) -) , methylpropylene, ethylpropylene, and the like.
[0090] As used herein, when a group is combined with another group, the connection of the groups may be linear or branched, provided that a chemically stable structure is formed. The structure formed by such a combination can be connected to other moieties of the molecule via any suitable atom in the structure, preferably via a designated chemical bond. For example, when two or more of the bivalent groups selected from: -CR1R2-, C1-10 alkylene, C4-10 cycloalkylene, C4-10 heterocyclylene and - (CO) -are combined together to form a combination, the two or more of the bivalent groups may form a linear connection with each other, such as -CR1R2-C1-10 alkylene- (CO) -, -CR1R2-C4-10 cycloalkylene- (CO) -, -CR1R2-C4-10 cycloalkylene-C1-10 alkylene- (CO) -, etc. The resulting bivalent structure can be further connected to other moieties of the molecule.
[0091] Compound of formula (I’)
[0092] In one aspect, provided is an antibody-immune agonist conjugate (AIAC) , wherein the AIAC comprises the compound of formula (I’) including formula (I’-1) and / or formula (I’-2) :
[0093] wherein,
[0094] B2 is - (CH2) k (CO) -NH- (C2H4-O) j-R3, or - (CH2) kC (O) - (NH-CR1R2- (CO) ) d-R3;
[0095] R1 is selected from hydrogen, -OH, -NH2 and -C1-6 alkyl;
[0096] R2 is selected from hydrogen, -OH, -NH2 and -C1-6 alkyl;
[0097] R3 is a group which can leave when reacting with a group in the payload;
[0098] k is each independently an integer of 1 to 5, j is an integer of 1 to 3, d is 1 or 2.
[0099] In one embodiment, R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl. In a preferred embodiment, R1 and R2 are each independently both hydrogen or both C1-6 alkyl. In a more preferred embodiment, R1 and R2 are both hydrogen.
[0100] In one embodiment, B2 in formula (I’-1) and (I’-2) are the same.
[0101] In one embodiment, k is 2.
[0102] In one embodiment, j is 1.
[0103] In one embodiment, d is 1.
[0104] In one embodiment, the terminal group R3 is hydrogen. In one embodiment, R3 is hydroxy or
[0105] In one embodiment, the terminal group R3 represents the part of structure which would not appear in the product molecule resulting from the reaction of B2 with the payload.
[0106] Thiosuccinimide is unstable under physiological conditions and is liable to reverse Michael addition which leads to cleavage at the conjugation site. Moreover, when another thiol compound is present in the system, thiosuccinimide may also undergo thiol exchange with the other thiol compound. Both of these reactions cause the fall-off of the payload and result in toxic side effects. In the present disclosure, the ring-opened succinimide structures and no longer undergo reverse Michael addition or thiol exchange, and thus the product is more stable. Method of ring opening reaction can be found in WO2015165413A.
[0107] Specific embodiment of the compound of formula (I’)
[0108] In one embodiment, in the compound of formula (I’) , B2 is - (CH2) k (CO) -NH- (C2H4-O) j-H, k is 2, j is 1. In one embodiment, the compound of formula (I’) has the following structure (LN102-6-1 and / or LN102-6-1’) :
[0109] In one embodiment, in the compound of formula (I’) , B2 is - (CH2) kC (O) - (NH-CR1R2- C (O) ) d-R3, k is 2, d is 1, R1 and R2 are hydrogen. In one embodiment, the compound of formula (I’) has the following structure (LN102-8-1 and / or LN102-8-1’) :
[0110] wherein R3 is a group which can leave when reacting with a group in the payload.
[0111] In one embodiment, R3 is hydroxy or
[0112] It is to be understood that when there are two or more Rx (x being 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, etc. ) , each Rx is selected independently. In some embodiments, the “x”s in the molecule are denoted with or without additional apostrophe (’) or apostrophes (such as ”, ”’, ” ”, etc. ) , for example R, R1’, R1”, R1”’, R2’, R2”, R2”’, etc. The other Rxs such as R3 should be understood in a similar way.
[0113] Compound of Formula (I’) as Linking Unit
[0114] In one embodiment, the reactive group comprised by B2 can be used to covalently conjugate with a payload containing another reactive group, such that the compound of formula (I’) bears a payload.
[0115] In another embodiment, the ligase recognition sequence GGG (G is glycine) comprised by formula (I’) can be used in the conjugation by a ligase with the corresponding ligase recognition sequence LPETGG (SEQ ID No. 28) .
[0116] Thus, a compound of formula (I’) can be used as a linking unit that can be linked to a targeting molecule (such as an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof) and / or a payload.
[0117] One skilled in the art can synthesize the linking units by conventional solid phase or liquid phase methods.
[0118] Compound of Payload-bearing formula (I’)
[0119] The reactive group comprised by B2 is covalently conjugated with a payload containing another reactive group to give a compound of payload-bearing formula (I’) .
[0120] In yet another aspect, provided is an antibody-immune agonist conjugate, wherein the antibody-immune agonist conjugate comprises compound of formula (II’) including formula (II’-1) and / or (II’-2) :
[0121] wherein
[0122] PL is a payload which is linked to the B2 moiety of the compound of formula (I’) , the payload is an agonist.
[0123] Payload
[0124] In one embodiment, the agonist is selected from TLR agonists such as TLR agonists (e.g., TLR 7 agonists, TLR 8 agonists, TLR 7 / 8 agonists) and STING agonists. In one embodiment, the immune agonist is selected from TLR agonists.
[0125] In one embodiment, the immune agonist is Resiquimod:
[0126] In one embodiment, the linking unit and the payload are connected via reactive groups as defined above, using any reaction known in the art, including but not limited to condensation reaction, nucleophilic addition, electrophilic addition, etc.
[0127] In one embodiment, the payload is an immune agonist, and the antibody-immune agonist conjugate (numbered as LPx) is one of the compounds as shown in the following table:
[0128] Preparation of the Payload-bearing Formula (I’) Compound
[0129] In one embodiment, the linking unit and the payload are connected via reactive groups as defined above, using any reaction known in the art, including but not limited to condensation reaction, nucleophilic addition, electrophilic addition, etc.
[0130] Compound of formula (III’)
[0131] In one aspect, provided is a compound of formula (III’) :
[0132] wherein B2 is as defined in formula (I’) .
[0133] In one embodiment, the compound of formula (III’) could be used to prepare the payload-bearing formula (I’) compound through the following route:
[0134] The transformation of Payload-bearing Formula (III’) compound to Payload-bearing Formula (I’) compound could be conducted using any known method in the art or as described herein. For example, single step or multi step synthesis could be conducted to introduce the structure fragment (LU102) to maleimide ring in the Payload-bearing Formula (III’) compound, and then the resulting molecule which contains a succinimide moiety could undergo ring-opening reaction to open the succinimide ring and obtain the Payload-bearing Formula (I’) compound (i.e. Formula (II’) compound) . In one embodiment, LU102 is introduced to the Payload-bearing Formula (III’) compound through the reaction of maleimide group contained in Formula (III’) compound with the thiol group of LU102.
[0135] Conjugate of formula (I)
[0136] In one aspect, provided is an antibody-immune agonist conjugate of formula (I) including formula (I-1) and / or formula (I-2) :
[0137] wherein,
[0138] B2 is - (CH2) k (CO) -NH- (C2H4-O) j-or - (CH2) kC (O) - (NH-CR1R2-C (O) ) d-;
[0139] k is an integer of 1 to 5;
[0140] j is an integer of 1 to 3;
[0141] d is an integer of 1 or 2;
[0142] R1 and R2 are each independently selected from hydrogen, -OH, -NH2, -C1-6 alkyl;
[0143] PL is an agonist which is linked to the B2 moiety,
[0144] preferably, PL is Resiquimod;
[0145] z is an integer or non-integer of 1 to 4; preferably 1, 2 or 4;
[0146] A is a targeting molecule which is modified by introduction of the ligase donor substrate recognition sequence, such as LPETGG (SEQ ID No. 28) , LPETG (SEQ ID No. 29) ; preferably, the targeting molecule is an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof; more preferably, A is an anti-HER2 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0147] In one embodiment, B2 is - (CH2) k (CO) -NH- (C2H4-O) j-.
[0148] In one embodiment, B2 is - (CH2) kC (O) - (NH-CR1R2-C (O) ) d-.
[0149] In one embodiment, k is 2.
[0150] In one embodiment, j is 1.
[0151] In one embodiment, R1 is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl. In a preferred embodiment, R1 is hydrogen.
[0152] In one embodiment, R2 is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl. In a preferred embodiment, R2 is hydrogen.
[0153] In one embodiment, R1 and R2 are both hydrogen or both C1-6 alkyl. In a preferred embodiment, R1 and R2 are both hydrogen.
[0154] In one embodiment, d is 1.
[0155] In one embodiment, B2 is - (CH2) k (CO) -NH- (C2H4-O) j-, k is 2, j is 1, PL is Resiquimod. In one embodiment, formula (I) has the following structure (AC102-6) including formula (AC102-6-1) and / or formula (AC102-6-1’) :
[0156] wherein z is 2 or 4.
[0157] In one embodiment, B2 is - (CH2) kC (O) - (NH-CR1R2-C (O) ) d-, k is 2, d is 1, R1 and R2 are both hydrogen, PL is Resiquimod. In one embodiment, formula (I) has the following structure (AC102-8) including formula (AC102-8-1) and / or formula (AC102-8-1’) :
[0158] wherein z is 2 or 4.
[0159] Targeting molecule
[0160] In one embodiment, the targeting molecule is an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0161] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, targets recognized by the targeting molecules (such as an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof) is ErbB2 / HER2, Trop2, B7H3 or Claudin18.2, etc.
[0162] In one embodiment, the targeting molecule is an anti-human HER2 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof. Examples of anti-human HER2 antibodies include but are not limited to Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab. Trastuzumab binds to the fourth extracellular domain (ECD4) of HER2 and is approved for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer and gastric cancer, etc.
[0163] In a preferred embodiment, the anti-human HER2 antibody is one or more selected from engineered anti-HER2 antibodies based on Trastuzumab.
[0164] In a preferred embodiment, the anti-human HER2 antibody is a recombinant antibody selected from monoclonal antibody, chimeric antibody, humanized antibody, antibody fragment, and antibody mimic. In one embodiment, the antibody mimic is selected from scFv, minibody, diabody, nanobody. For the conjugation with the compound of formula (II’) , the targeting molecule of the present disclosure may comprise a modified moiety to connect with the compound of formula (II’) . The introduction position of such modified moiety is not limited, for example, when the targeting molecule is an antibody, its introduction position can be, but not limited to, located at the C-terminal and / or the N-terminal of the heavy chain and / or light chain of the antibody.
[0165] In one embodiment, the targeting molecule of the present disclosure is an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, which may comprise terminal modification. A terminal modification refers to a modification at the C-terminal and / or N-terminal of the heavy chain and / or light chain of the antibody, which for example comprises a ligase recognition sequence. In another embodiment, the terminal modification may further comprise spacer Sp1 comprising 2-10 amino acids, wherein the antibody, Sp1 and the ligase recognition sequence are sequentially linked. In a particular embodiment, Sp1 is a spacer sequence selected from GA, GGGGS, GGGGSGGGGS, GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS, especially GA.
[0166] In a preferred embodiment, the light chain of the antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof includes 3 types: wild-type (LC) ; the C-terminus modified light chain (LCCT) , which is modified by direct introduction of a ligase donor substrate recognition sequence LPETGG and C-terminus modified light chain (LCCTL) , which is modified by introduction of short peptide spacers plus the ligase donor substrate recognition sequence LPETGG. The heavy chain of the antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof includes 3 types: wild-type (HC) ; the C-terminus modified heavy chain (HCCT) , which is modified by direct introduction of a ligase donor substrate recognition sequence LPETGG; and C-terminus modified heavy chain (HCCTL) , which is modified by introduction of short peptide spacers plus the ligase donor substrate recognition sequence LPETGG. When z in the compound of formula (I) is 1 or 2, the combination of the above heavy and light chains can form 8 preferred antibody molecules, see the amino acid sequence table.
[0167] In one embodiment, the targeting molecule of the present disclosure is an antibody comprising a VL and a VH, wherein the VL comprises LCDR1 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17 (RASQDVNTAVA) , LCDR2 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18 (SASFLYS) , and LCDR3 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19 (QQHYTTPPT) , wherein the VH comprises HCDR1 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20 (DTYIH) , HCDR2 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21 (RIYPTNGYTRYADSVKG) , and HCDR3 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22 (WGGDGFYAMDY) . In one embodiment, the antibody is modified by introduction of the ligase donor substrate recognition sequence. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a VL having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23 and a VH having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24.
[0168] In one embodiment, the sequences of CDRs and Variable domains are defined according to Kabat numbering system. In one embodiment, the targeting molecule of the present disclosure is an antibody comprising a light chain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and a heavy chain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. In one embodiment, the targeting molecule of the present disclosure is an antibody comprising a light chain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 and a heavy chain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. In one embodiment, the targeting molecule of the present disclosure is an antibody comprising a light chain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 and a heavy chain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6. In one embodiment, the targeting molecule of the present disclosure is an antibody comprising a light chain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 and a heavy chain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8. In one embodiment, the targeting molecule of the present disclosure is an antibody comprising a light chain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 and a heavy chain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10. In one embodiment, the targeting molecule of the present disclosure is an antibody comprising a light chain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 and a heavy chain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12. In one embodiment, the targeting molecule of the present disclosure is an antibody comprising a light chain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13 and a heavy chain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14. In one embodiment, the targeting molecule of the present disclosure is an antibody comprising a light chain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 and a heavy chain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16.
[0169] Preparation of the Conjugate
[0170] The conjugates of the present disclosure can be prepared by any method known in the art. In one embodiment, the conjugate is prepared by the ligase-catalyzed site-specific conjugation of a targeting molecule and a payload-bearing formula (I’) compound, wherein the targeting molecule is modified by a ligase recognition sequence, such as ligase donor substrate recognition sequence. The process of the preparation is reference to WO2022188740A1 or WO2022188743A1.
[0171] Table of specific conjugates
[0172] In one embodiment, the payload is an immune agonist. In one embodiment, the antibody-immune agonist conjugate is as shown in the following table:
[0173] Pharmaceutical Combination and Pharmaceutical Formulation
[0174] Another aspect of the disclosure is to provide a pharmaceutical combination, comprising a prophylactically or therapeutically effective amount of an antibody-immune agonist conjugate and anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, wherein the antibody-immune agonist conjugate has the structure of formula (I) comprising formula (I-1) and / or formula (I-2) :
[0175] wherein,
[0176] B2 is - (CH2) k (CO) -NH- (C2H4-O) j-or - (CH2) kC (O) - (NH-CR1R2-C (O) ) d-;
[0177] k is an integer of 1 to 5;
[0178] j is an integer of 1 to 3;
[0179] d is an integer of 1 or 2;
[0180] R1 and R2 are each independently selected from hydrogen, -OH, -NH2, -C1-6 alkyl;
[0181] PL is an agonist, which is linked to the B2 moiety,
[0182] preferably, PL is Resiquimod;
[0183] z is an integer or non-integer of 1 to 4, preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4;
[0184] A is a targeting molecule which is an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment. In one embodiment, target recognized by the targeting molecule is selected from: CD19, CD22, CD25, CD30 / TNFRSF8, CD33, CD37, CD44v6, CD56, CD70, CD71, CD74, CD79b, CD117 / KIT, CD123, CD138, CD142, CD174, CD227 / MUC1, CD352, CLDN18.2, DLL3, ErbB2 / HER2, CN33, GPNMB, ENPP3, Nectin-4, EGFRvIII, SLC44A4 / AGS-5, mesothelin, CEACAM5, PSMA, TIM1, LY6E, LIV1, Nectin4, SLITRK6, HGFR / cMet, SLAMF7 / CS1, EGFR, BCMA, AXL, NaPi2B, GCC, STEAP1, MUC16, Mesothelin, ETBR, EphA2, 5T4, FOLR1, LAMP1, Cadherin 6, FGFR2, FGFR3, CA6, CanAg, Integrin αV, TDGF1, Ephrin A4, Trop2, PTK7, NOTCH3, C4.4A, FLT3, ROR1, ROR2 and ROR1 / 2. In one embodiment, the antibody is anti-HER2 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, which is modified by introduction of the ligase donor substrate recognition sequence.
[0185] In one embodiment, R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl. In a preferred embodiment, R1 and R2 are each independently both hydrogen or both C1-6 alkyl. In a more preferred embodiment, R1 and R2 are both hydrogen.
[0186] In one embodiment, k is 2.
[0187] In one embodiment, j is 1.
[0188] In one embodiment, d is 1.
[0189] In one embodiment, formula (I) has the following structure (AC102-6) including formula (AC102-6-1) and / or formula (AC102-6-1’) :
[0190] wherein z is 2 or 4.
[0191] In one embodiment, formula (I) has the following structure (AC102-8) including formula (AC102-8-1) and / or formula (AC102-8-1’) :
[0192] wherein z is 2 or 4.
[0193] In one embodiment, the conjugate of formula (I) has a drug to antibody ratio (DAR) of an integer or non-integer of 1-4.
[0194] In one embodiment, the conjugate of formula (I) has a drug to antibody ratio (DAR) of an integer or non-integer of 1-3.5.
[0195] In one embodiment, the conjugate of formula (I) has a drug to antibody ratio (DAR) of an integer or non-integer of 1-3.
[0196] In one embodiment, the conjugate of formula (I) has a drug to antibody ratio (DAR) of an integer or non-integer of 1-2.5.
[0197] In one embodiment, the conjugate of formula (I) has a drug to antibody ratio (DAR) of an integer or non-integer of 1-2.
[0198] In one embodiment, the conjugate of formula (I) has a drug to antibody ratio (DAR) of an integer or non-integer of 1.5-2.
[0199] In one embodiment, the conjugate of formula (I) has a drug to antibody ratio (DAR) of an integer or non-integer of 1.6-2.
[0200] In one embodiment, the conjugate of formula (I) has a drug to antibody ratio (DAR) of an integer or non-integer of 1.7-2.
[0201] In one embodiment, the anti-HER2 antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof of formula (I) comprises a light chain variable region (VL) and a heavy chain variable region (VH) . In one embodiment, the light chain variable region (VL) of the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises (i) LCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17; (ii) LCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18; and (iii) LCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19. In one embodiment, the heavy chain variable region (VH) of the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises (i) HCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20; (ii) HCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21; and (iii) HCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22. In one embodiment, the light chain variable region (VL) of the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises (i) LCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17; (ii) LCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18; and (iii) LCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19; and the heavy chain variable region (VH) of the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises (i) HCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20; (ii) HCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21; and (iii) HCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22.
[0202] In one embodiment, the light chain variable region (VL) of the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence having at least about 90%sequence identity to amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23. In one embodiment, the heavy chain variable region (VH) of the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence having at least about 90%sequence identity to amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24. In one embodiment, the light chain variable region (VL) of the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence having at least about 90%sequence identity to amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23; and the heavy chain variable region (VH) of the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence having at least about 90%sequence identity to amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24.
[0203] In one embodiment, the anti-HER2 antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23. In one embodiment, the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24. In one embodiment, the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VL having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23 and a VH having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24.
[0204] In one embodiment, the anti-HER2 antibody or the antigen-binding fragment comprises a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%sequence identity to any one of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 7. In one embodiment, the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%sequence identity to any one of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 6. In one embodiment, the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment comprises a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%sequence identity to any one of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 7; and a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%sequence identity to any one of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 6.
[0205] In one embodiment, the modified antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 7. In one embodiment, the modified antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 6. In one embodiment, the modified antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 7; and a heavy chain having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 6.
[0206] In one embodiment, wherein the anti-PD-1 antibody is mouse antibody, humanized antibody or fully human antibody. In one embodiment, the anti-PD-1 antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof binds to human PD-1 and / or monkey PD-1 and / or mouse PD-1. In one embodiment, the anti-PD-1 antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof binds to human PD-1 and monkey PD-1 and doesn’t bind to mouse PD-1.
[0207] In one embodiment, the anti-PD-1 antibody is selected from Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab, Toripalimab, Tislelizumab, Sintilimab, Cemiplimab, Prolgolimab, Dostarlimab, Penpulimab, Zimberelimab, Serplulimab, Pucotenlimab, Retifanlimab and Camrelizumab.
[0208] In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical combination comprising an antibody-immune agonist conjugate and anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof optionally further comprises pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0209] The pharmaceutical combination of the present disclosure may be administered in any manner as long as it achieves the effect of alleviating, preventing or curing the symptoms of a human or animal. For example, various suitable dosage forms can be prepared according to the administration route.
[0210] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable” means that when contacted with tissues of the patient within the scope of normal medical judgment, no undue toxicity, irritation or allergic reaction, etc. shall arise, having reasonable advantage-disadvantage ratios and effective for the intended use.
[0211] The term pharmaceutically acceptable carrier refers to those carrier materials which are pharmaceutically acceptable and which do not interfere with the bioactivities and properties of the conjugate. Examples of aqueous carriers include but are not limited to buffered saline, and the like. The pharmaceutically acceptable carrier also includes carrier materials which brings the composition close to physiological conditions, such as pH adjusting agents, buffering agents, toxicity adjusting agents and the like, and sodium acetate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium lactate, and the like. In one embodiment, the term "carrier" refers to a diluent, adjuvant, excipient, or vehicle that is administered with an active ingredient for treatment. Such pharmaceutical carriers may be sterile liquids, such as water and oils, including oils originated from petroleum, animal, plant or synthesis, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil and sesame oil. Water is a preferred carrier when the pharmaceutical composition is administered intravenously. Saline and solutions of glucose in water or glycerol can also be used as a liquid carrier, particularly for injection. Suitable pharmaceutical excipients include starch, glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk, silica gel, sodium stearate, glycerol monostearate, talc, sodium chloride, skimmed milk powder, glycerol, propylene, glycol, water, ethanol and the like. If desired, the composition may also comprise a small amount of a wetting agent, an emulsifier, or a pH buffering agent such as acetates, citrates or phosphates.
[0212] In one embodiment, provided is a kit, comprising the pharmaceutical combination.
[0213] In one embodiment, the kit comprises:
[0214] a first packaging unit, comprising the antibody-immune agonist conjugate of formula (I) ,
[0215] a second packaging unit, comprising the anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof; and
[0216] optionally an instruction for administering the antibody-immune agonist conjugate and anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof to a subject.
[0217] Treatment Method and Use
[0218] The pharmaceutical combination comprising the antibody-immune agonist conjugate of formula (I) and anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, or the kit comprising the antibody-immune agonist conjugate of formula (I) and anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody-immune agonist of formula (I) conjugate and anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof is useful for the prevention, alleviation or treatment of tumors and / or autoimmune diseases. Tumors susceptible to conjugate treatment include those characterized by specific tumor-associated antigens or cell surface receptors, and those will be recognized by the targeting molecule in the conjugate and can be killed by the agonist in the conjugate.
[0219] Accordingly, in yet another aspect, also provided is use of the pharmaceutical combination, the kit or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing, alleviating or treating a disease, disorder or condition selected from a tumor or an autoimmune disease.
[0220] In another aspect, provided is the pharmaceutical combination, the kit or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure for use in the prevention, alleviation or treatment of a tumor or an autoimmune disease.
[0221] In a further aspect, provided is a method of preventing, alleviating or treating a tumor or an autoimmune disease, the method comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the pharmaceutical combination, the kit or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure.
[0222] In a further aspect, provided is a method for treating a subject suffering from a disease or reducing the likelihood of disease progression, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the antibody-immune agonist conjugate having the structure of formula (I) and administering to the subject an effective amount of an anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0223] In some embodiments, the disease is a tumor or an autoimmune disease.
[0224] In a further aspect, provided is a method for treating a subject suffering from a cancer or reducing the likelihood of cancer progression, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the antibody-immune agonist conjugate having the structure of formula (I) and administering to the subject an effective amount of an anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0225] In one embodiment, provided is the prevention, alleviation, or treatment for the disease of a HER2-associated tumor. In one embodiment, the HER2-associated tumor includes a tumor overexpressing HER2 or a tumor with HER2 gene mutation. In one embodiment, the disease is selected from the group consisting of: fibrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, chordoma, angiosarcoma, endotheliosarcoma, lymphangiosarcoma, lymphangioendothelial sarcoma, synovioma, mesothelioma, Ewing’s tumor, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, endometrial cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, papillary adenocarcinoma, cystadenocarcinoma, medullary carcinoma, bronchial carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, liver cancer, bile duct cancer, choriocarcinoma, seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, Wilms’ tumor, cervical cancer, testicular tumor, lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, epithelial cancer, glioma, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, craniopharyngioma, ependymoma, pinealoma, hemangioblastoma, acoustic neuroma, oligodendroglioma, meningioma, neuroblastoma and retinoblastoma. In one embodiment, the disease is selected from breast cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and urothelial cancer. In one embodiment, the HER2-associated tumor is selected from breast cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and urothelial cancer.
[0226] In one embodiment, the anti-PD-1 antibody is mouse antibody, humanized antibody or fully human antibody; and / or
[0227] the anti-PD-1 antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof binds to human PD-1 and / or monkey PD-1 and / or mouse PD-1; or the anti-PD-1 antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof binds to human PD-1 and monkey PD-1 but doesn’t bind to mouse PD-1.
[0228] In one embodiment, the anti-PD-1 antibody is selected from Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab, Toripalimab, Tislelizumab, Sintilimab, Cemiplimab, Prolgolimab, Dostarlimab, Penpulimab, Zimberelimab, Serplulimab, Pucotenlimab, Retifanlimab and Camrelizumab.
[0229] In one embodiment, the antibody-immune agonist conjugate is:
[0230] or
[0231] the antibody-immune agonist conjugate is
[0232] In one embodiment, the antibody-immune agonist conjugate is:
[0233] In one embodiment, the antibody-immune agonist conjugate and the anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof are administered simultaneously as part of the same pharmaceutical formulation.
[0234] In one embodiment, the antibody-immune agonist conjugate and the anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof are administered simultaneously as part of different pharmaceutical formulations.
[0235] In one embodiment, wherein the antibody-immune agonist conjugate and the anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof are administered at different times.
[0236] In a preferred embodiment, the antibody-immune agonist conjugate of the present disclosure formed by conjugation of the anti-human HER2 antibody and an agonist can specifically bind to HER2 on the surface of the tumor cell and selectively kill the HER2-expressing tumor cells. In another preferred embodiment, provided is use of a conjugate of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutical composition or pharmaceutical combination of the present disclosure in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease, disorder or condition selected from HER2-associated tumor. In a more preferred embodiment, the disease, disorder or condition is HER2-positive tumor or HER2-low tumor. In one embodiment, the HER2-positive tumor is selected from the group consisting of breast cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, urothelial cancer, and the like.
[0237] The dosage of the antibody-immune agonist conjugate and anti-PD-1 antibody administered to the subject can be adjusted to a considerable extent. The dosage can vary according to the particular route of administration and the needs of the subject, and can be subjected to the judgment of the health care professional.
[0238] Beneficial effects
[0239] The antibody-immune agonist conjugate of the present invention uses specially designed linker-payload, and is much stabler and can achieve great efficacy in lower DAR, and therefore can reduce side effects and increase the therapeutic index.
[0240] The antibody-immune agonist conjugate of the present disclosure has good homogeneity, high activity and high selectivity. Furthermore, the toxicity of the linking unit-payload intermediate is much lower than that of the free payload, and thus the manufacture process of the drug is less detrimental, which is advantageous for industrial production.
[0241] The combination of the antibody-immune agonist conjugate and anti-PD-1 antibody of the present disclosure achieves the following technical effects:
[0242] (1) Good anti-cancer effect, especially in the aspects of improving overall response rate (ORR) and / or complete response (CR) and / or partial response (PR) and / or tumor growth inhibition rate (TGI) .
[0243] (2) Good physicochemical properties (e.g., solubility, physical and / or chemical stability) .
[0244] (3) Good pharmacokinetic properties (e.g., good stability in plasma, appropriate half-life and duration of action) .
[0245] (4) Good safety (low toxicity on non-target normal cells or tissues, and / or fewer side effects, wider treatment window) , etc.
[0246] (5) Good therapeutic effect for the treatment of a subject who is resistant to antibody therapy, particularly trastuzumab or pertuzumab therapy.
[0247] (6) Good therapeutic effect for the treatment of a subject who is resistant to checkpoint inhibitor therapy, particularly PD-1 inhibitor therapy.
[0248] Examples
[0249] Preparation example
[0250] In order to more clearly illustrate the objects and technical solutions, the present disclosure is further described below with reference to specific examples. It is to be understood that the examples are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. The specific experimental methods which were not mentioned in the following examples were carried out according to conventional experimental methods.
[0251] Unless otherwise stated, the instruments and reagents used in the examples are commercially available. The reagents can be used directly without further purification.
[0252] The processes of preparation of the antibody-immune agonist conjugate AC102-6-1-1 and AC102-8-1-1 are referenced to WO2022188740A and / or WO2022188743A, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
[0253] AC102-6-1-1 has the following formula (DAR=1.74) :
[0254] wherein, A is Ab0001-LCCTL-HC.
[0255] AC102-8-1-1 has the following formula (DAR=1.79) :
[0256] wherein A is Ab0001-LCCTL-HC.
[0257] Preparation Example 1 Preparation of the antibody-immune agonist conjugate OL-HX20042
[0258] 1.1 Preparation of the linker-TLR7 / 8 agonist HX20042
[0259] The agonist HX20040 (1.0 equivalent) was weighed and dissolved in an DMF, and 3-maleimido propionic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (1.1 equivalent) was added to the reaction system, and completely dissolved by stirring. Then diisopropylethylamine (1.5 equivalent) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture, and the reaction was stirred and monitored by HPLC until HX20040 was completely consumed. Then the reaction mixture was purified by preparative HPLC, and the product HX20042 was obtained by lyophilization. The detection result of LC-MS is [M+H] + = 589.6, which is consistent with its theoretical molecular weight.
[0260] 1.2 Preparation of the antibody-immune agonist conjugate OL-HX20042
[0261] The antibody (Ab0001-LCCTL-HC) and TCEP (Tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine) were added by the molar ratio of 1 : 1 ~ 1 : 20 to phosphate buffer liquid system (pH 4~10) for reaction to obtain a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was reacted at 37 ℃ for 2 hours. HX20042 (the molar ratio of the antibody above to the HX20042 is 1: 1 ~ 1: 100) dissolved in the organic solvent (DMA, DMSO or DMF) was added into the above reaction system, and the reaction continued at 4-40℃ for 0.5-20 hours. Then cysteine (the molar ratio of the antibody above to cysteine is 1 : 1 ~ 1: 20) was added, and then DHAA (dehydroascorbic acid) (he molar ratio of antibody above to DHAA is 1 : 1 ~ 1 : 20) was added to react with excess thiol groups. The obtained mixture was purified, ultrafiltered or dialyzed to remove unreacted intermediates to obtain the antibody-immune agonist conjugate OL-HX20042. The purified OL-HX20042 was stored at 1×PBS pH 7.4 at 4 ℃ or -80 ℃.
[0262] 1.3 HPLC detection of the antibody-immune agonist conjugate OL-HX20042
[0263] Proteomix Hic Butyl-NP5 4.6 *35mm 5μm non-porous chromatographic column (manufacturer: Sepax Technologies, Inc., PN: 431NP5-4603) was used; 2.5M ammonium sulfate + 25mM phosphate buffer salt (pH 7.0) was used as mobile phase A; 25mM phosphate buffer salt (pH 7.0) was used as mobile phase B; The flow rate was 1 ml / min; Column temperature 40 ℃; Gradient method: B phase rose from 0%to 100%within 25 minutes; The DAR distribution of antibody-immune agonist conjugate OL-HX20042 was detected at 280 nm. The test results show that the average DAR value of OL-HX20042 is about 4.0.
[0264] Pharmacological Example 1 In vivo efficacy evaluation of the combination of AC102-8-1-1 and anti-mPD-1 antibody in MC38-hHER2 syngeneic model
[0265] Materials: the tumor tissues of MC38-hHER2 syngeneic model were extracted from the tumor-bearing mice. The MC38-hHER2 syngeneic model (BIOCYTOGEN Inc. ) is established by subcutaneous injection of MC38-hHER2 cells into the right flank of 7-to 9-week-old C57BL / 6 mice. MC38-hHER2 cells are genetically modified MC38 cells (mouse colon carcinoma cells) , which are capable of overexpressing human HER2 while knocking out murine-derived HER2.
[0266] Methods: the tumor diameter was measured with a caliper and the tumor volume was calculated according to the formula V = 0.5 a x b2 (wherein a is the long diameter of the tumor and b is the short diameter of the tumor) . When the mean tumor volume was about 100-300 mm3, the mice were randomized and enrolled into vehicle group (G1) , AC102-8-1-1 0.25mg / kg group (G2) , AC102-8-1-1 0.5mg / kg group (G3) , Anti-mPD-1 antibody (mouse antibody, Biocytogen, 780120J2) 3 mg / kg group (G4) , the combination of Anti-mPD-1 antibody 3 mg / kg and AC102-8-1-1 0.25mg / kg group (G5) , the combination of Anti-mPD-1 antibody 3 mg / kg and AC102-8-1-1 0.5mg / kg group (G6) . The AC102-8-1-1 was intravenously administrated to tumor bearing mice at day 0 and day 7 for total two times. The anti-mPD-1 antibody was intraperitoneally administrated to tumor bearing mice at day 0, day 3, day 7 and day 10 for total four times. PBS as vehicle was intravenously administrated at day 0 and day 7 for total two times. The tumor volume of mice in each group was measured twice a week. The experiment was ended on day 33 after the last dose, and the tumor growth inhibition rate (TGI) was calculated at day 31 after grouping as follows: TGI (%) = [1 - (the mean tumor volume of the treatment group on the end day -the mean tumor volume of the treatment group on the first day) / (the mean tumor volume of the vehicle group on the end day -the mean tumor volume of the vehicle group on the first day) ] × 100%. The results are as shown in Table 1.
[0267] Table 1. Tumor growth inhibition of the combination of AC102-8-1-1 and anti-mPD-1 antibody in MC38-hHER2 syngeneic model
[0268] Conclusions
[0269] As the results shown in Table 1 and Figure 1, both AC102-8-1-1 (0.25 mg / kg or 0.5 mg / kg) and anti-mPD-1 antibody (3 mg / kg) as monotherapy can inhibit the growth of tumor, while the combination of AC102-8-1-1 (0.25 mg / kg or 0.5 mg / kg) and anti-mPD-1 antibody shows better anti-tumor efficacy than any of the monotherapy.
[0270] During the whole study, the mice were in a good state of activity and eating during the administration. After each administration, the weight of mice decreased slightly, but it returned to the normal 3-7 days after administration, and the weight of mice increased to a certain extent during the observation period. Based on the observation above, the safety of the combination is good.
[0271] Pharmacological Example 2 In vivo efficacy evaluation of AC102-8-1-1, AC102-6-1-1 or OL-HX20042 monotherapy respectively, or in combination with anti-mPD-1 antibody in MC38-hHER2 syngeneic model
[0272] Materials: the tumor tissues of MC38-hHER2 syngeneic model were extracted from the tumor-bearing mice. The MC38-hHER2 syngeneic model (from BIOCYTOGEN Inc. ) is established by subcutaneous injection of MC38-hHER2 cells into the right flank of 7-to 9-week-old C57BL / 6 mice. MC38-hHER2 cells are genetically modified MC38 cells (mouse colon carcinoma cells) , which are capable of overexpressing human HER2 while knocking out murine-derived HER2.
[0273] Methods: the tumor diameter was measured with a caliper and the tumor volume was calculated according to the formula V = 0.5 a x b2 (wherein a is the long diameter of the tumor and b is the short diameter of the tumor) . When the mean tumor volume was about 339 mm3, the mice were randomized and enrolled into vehicle group (G1) , Anti-mPD-1 antibody 3 mg / kg group (G2) , AC102-8-1-1 1mg / kg group (G3) , the combination of Anti-mPD-1 antibody 3 mg / kg and AC102-8-1-1 1mg / kg group (G4) , AC102-6-1-1 1mg / kg group (G5) , the combination of Anti-mPD-1 antibody 3 mg / kg and AC102-6-1-1 1mg / kg group (G6) , OL-HX20042 1mg / kg group (G7) , the combination of Anti-mPD-1 antibody 3 mg / kg and -HX20042 1mg / kg group (G8) .
[0274] The AC102-8-1-1, AC102-6-1-1 and OL-HX20042 were intravenously administrated to tumor bearing mice with a single dose at day 0, respectively. The anti-mPD-1 antibody was intraperitoneally administrated to tumor bearing mice at day 0 and day 3 for total two times. PBS as vehicle was intravenously administrated with a single dose at day 0. The tumor volume of mice in each group was measured twice a week. The experiment was ended on day 7, and the tumor growth inhibition rate (TGI) was calculated as follows: TGI (%) = [1 – (the mean tumor volume of the treatment group on the end day –the mean tumor volume of the treatment group on the first day) / (the mean tumor volume of the vehicle group on the end day –the mean tumor volume of the vehicle group on the first day) ] × 100%. The results are as shown in Table 2.
[0275] Table 2. Tumor growth inhibition in MC38-hHER2 syngeneic model
[0276] Conclusions
[0277] As the results shown in Table 2 and Figure 2, both AC102-8-1-1, AC102-6-1-1 and OL-HX20042 as monotherapy can inhibit the growth of tumor, while the combination of anti-mPD-1 antibody, AC102-8-1-1, AC102-6-1-1 and OL-HX20042 show better anti-tumor efficacy than the monotherapy. Among them, AC102-6-1-1 shows the better anti-tumor efficacy in both monotherapy and combination therapy.
[0278] No unplanned animal death nor obvious clinical sign was found during the experiment, and the safety of the combination is good.
[0279] Pharmacological Example 3 In vivo efficacy evaluation of AC102-6-1-1 monotherapy or in combination with anti-mPD-1 antibody in MC38-hHER2 syngeneic model
[0280] Materials: The tumor tissues of MC38-hHER2 syngeneic model were extracted from the tumor-bearing mice. The MC38-hHER2 syngeneic model (from BIOCYTOGEN Inc. ) is established by subcutaneous injection of MC38-hHER2 cells into the right flank of 7-to 9-week-old C57BL / 6N mice. MC38-hHER2 cells are genetically modified MC38 cells (mouse colon carcinoma cells) , which are capable of overexpressing human HER2 while knocking out murine-derived HER2.
[0281] Methods: The tumor diameter was measured with a caliper and the tumor volume was calculated according to the formula V = 0.5 a x b2 (wherein a is the long diameter of the tumor and b is the short diameter of the tumor) . When the mean tumor volume reached 116 mm3, the mice were randomized and enrolled into eight groups. The eight groups were G1: Vehicle, G2: Anti-mPD-1 antibody (3 mg / kg) , G3: AC102-6-1-1 (0.2 mg / kg) , G4: AC102-6-1-1 (1 mg / kg) , G5:AC102-6-1-1 (5 mg / kg) , G6: the combination of Anti-mPD-1 antibody (3 mg / kg) and AC102-6-1-1 (0.2 mg / kg) , G7: the combination of Anti-mPD-1 antibody (3 mg / kg) and AC102-6-1-1 (1 mg / kg) , and G8: the combination of Anti-mPD-1 antibody (3 mg / kg) and AC102-6-1-1 (5 mg / kg) , respectively. AC102-6-1-1 was subcutaneously administrated to tumor-bearing mice at day 0 after grouping once. Anti-mPD-1 antibody was intraperitoneally administrated to tumor-bearing mice at day 0, day 3, day 7 and day 10 for total four times. PBS as vehicle was administered in the above two ways. The tumor volume of mice in each group was measured twice a week. The experiment was terminated on day 29 after grouping, and the tumor growth inhibition rate (TGI) was calculated as follows: TGI (%) = [1 - (the mean tumor volume of the treatment group on the end day -the mean tumor volume of the treatment group on the first day) / (the mean tumor volume of the vehicle group on the end day -the mean tumor volume of the vehicle group on the first day) ] × 100%. The results are as shown in Table 3.
[0282] Table 3. Tumor growth inhibition of test drugs in MC38-hHER2 syngeneic model
[0283] Conclusions
[0284] As the results shown in Table 3 and Figure 3, Anti-mPD-1 antibody monotherapy at 3 mg / kg and AC102-6-1-1 monotherapy at each test dose all demonstrate significant anti-tumor activity on tumor volume, and AC102-6-1-1 exhibits evidently dose-dependent anti-tumor effects. The combination of different dosages AC102-6-1-1 and Anti-mPD-1 antibody results in improved therapeutic efficacy.
[0285] No unplanned animal death nor obvious clinical sign was found during the study, and the safety of all the combinations is good.
[0286] Sequencing List
Claims
1.A pharmaceutical combination, comprising an antibody-immune agonist conjugate and anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, wherein the antibody-immune agonist conjugate has the structure of formula (I-1) and / or formula (I-2) : wherein,B2 is - (CH2) k (CO) -NH- (C2H4-O) j-or - (CH2) kC (O) - (NH-CR1R2-C (O) ) d-;k is an integer of 1 to 5;j is an integer of 1 to 3;d is an integer of 1 or 2;R1 and R2 are each independently selected from hydrogen, -OH, -NH2, -C1-6 alkyl;PL is an agonist which is linked to the B2 moiety,preferably, PL is Resiquimodz is an integer or non-integer of 1 to 4, preferably 1, 2 or 4;A is a targeting molecule which is modified by introduction of the ligase donor substrate recognition sequence; preferably, the targeting molecule is an antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; more preferably, A is an anti-HER2 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.2.The pharmaceutical combination of claim 1, whereinR1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl, preferably, R1 and R2 are both hydrogen.3.The pharmaceutical combination of any one of claims 1 to 2, whereink is 2, and / or j is 1, and / or d is 1.4.The pharmaceutical combination of any one of claims 1 to 3, whereinthe antibody-immune agonist conjugate has the structure of formula (AC102-6-1) and / or formula (AC102-6-1’) :orthe antibody-immune agonist conjugate has the structure of formula (AC102-8-1) and / or formula (AC102-8-1’) :z is an integer or non-integer of 1 to 4, preferably 1, 2 or 4;A is a targeting molecule which is modified by introduction of the ligase donor substrate recognition sequence; preferably, the targeting molecule is an antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; more preferably, A is an anti-HER2 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.5.The pharmaceutical combination of any one of claims 1 to 4, whereinthe antibody-immune agonist conjugate has a drug to antibody ratio (DAR) of an integer or non-integer of 1-4, 1-3.5, 1-3, 1-2.5, 1-2, 1.5-2, 1.6-2, or 1.7-2.6.The pharmaceutical combination of claim 1, whereinthe anti-HER2 antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable region (VL) and a heavy chain variable region (VH) , whereinthe VL comprises:(i) LCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17;(ii) LCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18; and(iii) LCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19;and / orthe VH comprises:(i) HCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20;(ii) HCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21; and(iii) HCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22.7.The pharmaceutical combination of claim 6, whereinthe VL comprises the amino acid sequence having at least about 90%sequence identity to amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23; and / or,the VH comprises the amino acid sequence having at least about 90%sequence identity to amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24.8.The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the anti-HER2 antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof comprisesa VL having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23; and / ora VH having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24.9.The pharmaceutical combination of claim 6, wherein the anti-HER2 antibody or the antigen-binding fragment comprisesa light chain comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%sequence identity to any one of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 7; and / or,a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%sequence identity to any one of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 6.10.The pharmaceutical combination of claim 9, wherein the anti-HER2 antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof comprisesa light chain having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 7; and / or,a heavy chain having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 6.11.The pharmaceutical combination of any one of claims 1 to 10, whereinthe anti-PD-1 antibody is mouse antibody, humanized antibody or fully human antibody; and / orthe anti-PD-1 antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof binds to human PD-1 and / or monkey PD-1 and / or mouse PD-1; or the anti-PD-1 antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof binds to human PD-1 and monkey PD-1 but doesn’t bind to mouse PD-1.12.The pharmaceutical combination of claim 11, whereinthe anti-PD-1 antibody is selected from Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab, Toripalimab, Tislelizumab, Sintilimab, Cemiplimab, Prolgolimab, Dostarlimab, Penpulimab, Zimberelimab, Serplulimab, Pucotenlimab, Retifanlimab and Camrelizumab.13.The pharmaceutical combination of any one of claims 1-12, optionally further comprises pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.14.A kit, comprising the pharmaceutical combination of any one of claims 1 to 13.15.The kit of claim 14, comprising,a first packaging unit, comprising the antibody-immune agonist conjugate as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13,a second packaging unit, comprising the anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13; andoptionally an instruction for administering the antibody-immune agonist conjugate and anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof to a subject.16.A pharmaceutical composition, comprising the antibody-immune agonist conjugate and an anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13.17.Use of the pharmaceutical combination of any one of claims 1 to 13, or the kit of claims 14 or 15, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 16 in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing, alleviating or treating a disease; wherein the disease is a tumor or autoimmune disease.18.The use of claim 17, wherein the disease is HER2-associated tumor; preferably, the HER2-associated tumor is HER2-positive tumor or HER2-low tumor; preferably, the HER2-associated tumor is a tumor overexpressing HER2 or a tumor with HER2 gene mutation.19.The use of claim 18, wherein the disease is selected from the group consisting of fibrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, chordoma, angiosarcoma, endotheliosarcoma, lymphangiosarcoma, lymphangioendothelial sarcoma, synovioma, mesothelioma, Ewing’s tumor, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, endometrial cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, papillary adenocarcinoma, cystadenocarcinoma, medullary carcinoma, bronchial carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, liver cancer, bile duct cancer, choriocarcinoma, seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, Wilms’ tumor, cervical cancer, testicular tumor, lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, epithelial cancer, glioma, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, craniopharyngioma, ependymoma, pinealoma, hemangioblastoma, acoustic neuroma, oligodendroglioma, meningioma, neuroblastoma and retinoblastoma; preferably, the disease is selected from breast cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and urothelial cancer.20.A method for preventing, alleviating, or treating a subject suffering from a disease or reducing the likelihood of disease progression, comprising administering the pharmaceutical combination of any one of claims 1 to 13, or the kit of claim 14 or 15, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 16, wherein the disease is a tumor.21.A method for preventing, alleviating, or treating a subject suffering from a cancer or reducing the likelihood of cancer progression, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the antibody-immune agonist conjugate as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13 and administering to the subject an effective amount of an anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.22.The method of claim 21, wherein the cancer is a HER2-associated cancer; preferably, the cancer overexpresses HER2 or the cancer has HER2 gene mutation.23.The method of claim 21 or 22, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of:fibrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, chordoma, angiosarcoma, endotheliosarcoma, lymphangiosarcoma, lymphangioendothelial sarcoma, synovioma, mesothelioma, Ewing’s tumor, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, endometrial cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, papillary adenocarcinoma, cystadenocarcinoma, medullary carcinoma, bronchial carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, liver cancer, bile duct cancer, choriocarcinoma, seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, Wilms’ tumor, cervical cancer, testicular tumor, lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, epithelial cancer, glioma, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, craniopharyngioma, ependymoma, pinealoma, hemangioblastoma, acoustic neuroma, oligodendroglioma, meningioma, neuroblastoma and retinoblastoma; preferably, the cancer is selected from breast cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and urothelial cancer.24.The method of any one of claims 21 to 23, wherein the anti-PD-1 antibody is mouse antibody, humanized antibody or fully human antibody; and / orthe anti-PD-1 antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof binds to human PD-1 and / or monkey PD-1 and / or mouse PD-1; or the anti-PD-1 antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof binds to human PD-1 and monkey PD-1 but doesn’t bind to mouse PD-1.25.The method of any one of claims 21 to 23, wherein the anti-PD-1 antibody is selected from Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab, Toripalimab, Tislelizumab, Sintilimab, Cemiplimab, Prolgolimab, Dostarlimab, Penpulimab, Zimberelimab, Serplulimab, Pucotenlimab, Retifanlimab and Camrelizumab.26.The method of any one of claims 21 to 25, wherein the antibody-immune agonist conjugate has the structure of formula (AC102-6-1) and / or formula (AC102-6-1’) : orthe antibody-immune agonist conjugate has the structure of formula (AC102-8-1) and / or formula (AC102-8-1’) :27.The method of any one of claims 21 to 26, wherein the antibody-immune agonist conjugate and the anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof are administered simultaneously as part of the same pharmaceutical formulation.28.The method of any one of claims 21 to 26, wherein the antibody-immune agonist conjugate and the anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof are administered simultaneously as parts of different pharmaceutical formulations.29.The method of any one of claims 21 to 26, wherein the antibody-immune agonist conjugate and the anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof are administered at different times.30.Use of an effective amount of the antibody-immune agonist conjugate as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13 for the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention, alleviation or treatment of a subject with cancer to be used in combination with an effective amount of an anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.31.The use of claim 30, wherein the cancer overexpresses HER2 or the cancer has HER2 gene mutation.32.The use of claim 30 or 31, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of: fibrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, chordoma, angiosarcoma, endotheliosarcoma, lymphangiosarcoma, lymphangioendothelial sarcoma, synovioma, mesothelioma, Ewing’s tumor, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, endometrial cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, papillary adenocarcinoma, cystadenocarcinoma, medullary carcinoma, bronchial carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, liver cancer, bile duct cancer, choriocarcinoma, seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, Wilms’ tumor, cervical cancer, testicular tumor, lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, epithelial cancer, glioma, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, craniopharyngioma, ependymoma, pinealoma, hemangioblastoma, acoustic neuroma, oligodendroglioma, meningioma, neuroblastoma and retinoblastoma; preferably, the disease is selected from breast cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer and urothelial cancer.33.The use of any one of claims 30 to 32, wherein the anti-PD-1 antibody is mouse antibody, humanized antibody or fully human antibody; and / orthe anti-PD-1 antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof binds to human PD-1 and / or monkey PD-1 and / or mouse PD-1; or the anti-PD-1 antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof binds to human PD-1 and monkey PD-1 but doesn’t bind to mouse PD-1.34.The use of any one of claims 30 to 33, wherein the anti-PD-1 antibody is selected from Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab, Toripalimab, Tislelizumab, Sintilimab, Cemiplimab, Prolgolimab, Dostarlimab, Penpulimab, Zimberelimab, Serplulimab, Pucotenlimab, Retifanlimab and Camrelizumab.35.The use of any one of claims 30 to 34, wherein the antibody-immune agonist conjugate has the structure of formula (AC102-6-1) and / or formula (AC102-6-1’) : orthe antibody-immune agonist conjugate has the structure of formula (AC102-8-1) and / or formula (AC102-8-1’) :36.The use of any one of claims 30 to 35, wherein the antibody-immune agonist conjugate and the anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof are for administration simultaneously as part of the same pharmaceutical formulation.37.The use of any one of claims 30 to 35, wherein the antibody-immune agonist conjugate and the anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof are for administration simultaneously as parts of different pharmaceutical formulations.38.The use of any one of claims 30 to 35, wherein the antibody-immune agonist conjugate and the anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof are for administration at different times.