System and method having waste heat recovery for gas capture system

Abstract

A system includes a gas capture system having a first adsorber with a first sorbent material, wherein the first sorbent material is configured to adsorb an undesirable gas from a gas flow during an adsorption mode, and the first sorbent material is configured to desorb the undesirable gas into a steam flow to generate a gas / steam mixture during a desorption mode. The system further includes a post-desorption processor configured to receive the gas / steam mixture. The post-desorption processor is configured recover waste heat from the gas / steam mixture, separate the gas / steam mixture into the undesirable gas and water, and generate steam. The post-desorption processor is further configured to supply the steam through at least one steam circuit to the gas capture system, a steam turbine system, or a combination thereof.

Description

SYSTEM AND METHOD HAVING WASTE HEAT RECOVERY FOR GAS CAPTURE SYSTEMBACKGROUND

[0001] The present application relates generally to a system and method for capturing undesirable gases associated with a combustion system, such as a combustion-driven power plant.

[0002] An industrial plant, such as a combustion-driven power plant, may produce a variety of gases, such as an exhaust gas of a combustion system. The combustion system may include a gas turbine engine, a reciprocating piston-cylinder engine, a furnace, a boiler, or other industrial equipment. These exhaust gases may include one or more undesirable gases, such as acid gases and / or greenhouse gases. For example, the undesirable gases may include carbon oxides (COx) such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2). and / or sulfur oxides (SOx) such as sulfur dioxide (SO2). CO2 is both an acid gas and a greenhouse gas. Unfortunately, the atmospheric content of CO2 has generally increased over thousands of years, and currently exceeds about 420 parts per million by volume (ppmv) or 643 parts per million by weight (ppmw) in the atmosphere. With various regulations and environmental concerns regarding global warming, it would be desirable to reduce the output of undesirable gases (e.g., CO2) into the atmosphere, particularly for hydrocarbon fuel consuming equipment such as combustion systems.BRIEF DESCRIPTION

[0003] Certain embodiments commensurate in scope with the originally claimed subject matter are summarized below. These embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed embodiments, but rather these embodiments are intended only to provide a brief summary’ of possible forms of the subject matter. Indeed, the presently claimed embodiments may encompass a variety of forms that may be similar to or different from the embodiments set forth below.

[0004] In certain embodiments, a system includes a gas capture system having a first adsorber with a first sorbent material, wherein the first sorbent material is configured to adsorb an undesirable gas from a gas flow during an adsorption mode, and the first sorbent material is configured to desorb the undesirable gas into a steam flow to generate a gas / steam mixture during a desorption mode. The system further includes a post-desorption processor configured to receive the gas / steam mixture. The post-desorption processor is configured recover waste heat from the gas / steam mixture, separate the gas / steam mixture into the undesirable gas and water, and generate steam. The post-desorption processor is further configured to supply the steam through at least one steam circuit to the gas capture system, a steam turbine system, or a combination thereof.

[0005] In certain embodiments, a method includes controlling a gas capture system having a first adsorber with a first sorbent material, wherein controlling the gas capture system includes adsorbing an undesirable gas into the first sorbent material from a gas flow during an adsorption mode, and desorbing the undesirable gas from the first sorbent material into a steam flow to generate a gas / steam mixture during a desorption mode. The method further includes controlling a post-desorption processor to process the gas / steam mixture, wherein controlling the post-desorption processor includes recovering waste heat from the gas / steam mixture, separating the gas / steam mixture into the undesirable gas and water, generating steam, and supplying the steam through at least one steam circuit to the gas capture system, a steam turbine system, or a combination thereof.

[0006] In certain embodiments, a system includes a controller having a processor, a memory, and instructions stored on the memory and executable by the process to control a gas capture system having a first adsorber having a first sorbent material. The control of the gas capture system includes adsorbing an undesirable gas into the first sorbent material from a gas flow during an adsorption mode, and desorbing the undesirable gas from the first sorbent material into a steam flow to generate a gas / steam mixture during a desorption mode. The controller is further configured to control a post-desorption processor to process the gas / steam mixture. The control of the post-desorption processor includes recovering waste heat from the gas / steammixture, separating the gas / steam mixture into the undesirable gas and water, generating steam, and supplying the steam through at least one steam circuit to the gas capture system, a steam turbine system, or a combination thereof.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the presently disclosed techniques will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein:

[0008] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a combined cycle system having a gas turbine system, a steam turbine system, and a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), and a gas treatment system having one or more gas capture systems coupled to a gas / steam separator and steam generator system.

[0009] FIG. 2 is a schematic of an embodiment of a gas capture system of the gas treatment system of FIG. 1, illustrating a sorbent-based gas capture system having an adsorption mode, a desorption mode, and a cooling mode, wherein the gas / steam separator and steam generator system supports the desorption mode.

[0010] FIG. 3 is a schematic of an embodiment of the combined cycle system of FIG. 1, further illustrating an embodiment of the gas / steam separator and steam generator system coupled to the gas capture system and the steam turbine system.

[0011] FIG. 4 is a schematic of an embodiment of the combined cycle system of FIG. 1, further illustrating an embodiment of the gas / steam separator and steam generator system coupled to the gas capture system and the steam turbine system.

[0012] FIG. 5 is a schematic of an embodiment of the combined cycle system of FIG. 1, further illustrating an embodiment of the gas / steam separator and steam generator system coupled to the gas capture system and the steam turbine system.

[0013] FIG. 6 is a schematic of an embodiment of the gas / steam separator and steam generator system of FIGS. 1-5, further illustrating an embodiment of a waste heat recovery (WHR) system.

[0014] FIG. 7 is a schematic of an embodiment of the gas / steam separator and steam generator system of FIGS. 1-5, further illustrating an embodiment of the WHR system and a heat pump system having one stage.

[0015] FIG. 8 is a schematic of an embodiment of the gas / steam separator and steam generator system of FIGS. 1-5, further illustrating an embodiment of the WHR system and a heat pump system having multiple stages.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] One or more specific embodiments of the presently disclosed systems and methods are described below. In an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, all features of an actual implementation may not be described in the specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementationspecific decisions must be made to achieve the developers’ specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure.

[0017] When introducing elements of various embodiments of the presently disclosed embodiments, the articles “a,” “an,” "the." and “said” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising,” “including.” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements.

[0018] The disclosed embodiments include systems and methods to reduce the carbon footprint of combustion systems, such as combustion-driven power plantsand / or combined cycle power plants, using a gas treatment system having one or more gas capture systems. The gas capture systems are configured to remove undesirable gases (e.g., CO2) from the intake air and / or the exhaust gas of the combustion systems. The gas capture systems may include sorbent-based gas capture systems, solvent-based gas capture systems, cryogenic gas capture systems, or a combination thereof. For example, the gas capture systems (e.g., sorbent-based gas capture systems) may include one or more temperature swing adsorption (TSA) units or adsorbers, which rely on temperature swings to adsorb undesirable gases at a first temperature (e.g., low temperature) and desorb the undesirable gases at a second temperature (e.g., high temperature). Accordingly, a capacity' for the adsorption may generally increase with decreases in temperature and decrease with increases in temperature.

[0019] In certain embodiments, the sorbent-based gas capture systems are configured to adsorb the undesirable gases into a sorbent material, and then subsequently desorb the undesirable gases from the sorbent material using a heat source (e.g., steam from the HRSG, steam from the steam turbine system, or other steam source). The adsorption process is exothermic, while the desorption process is endothermic. During the desorption process, the steam causes the undesirable gases (e.g., CO2) to desorb from the sorbent material, such that a gas / steam mixture is discharged from the sorbent-based gas capture systems. As discussed in detail below, the sorbent-based gas capture systems are coupled to a gas / steam separator and steam generator system configured to process the gas / steam mixture from the sorbent-based gas capture systems during the desorption process. In certain embodiments, the gas / steam separator and steam generator system is configured to separate the gas from the steam while recovering waste heat from the gas / steam mixture, wherein the waste heat may be used to generate steam for use in the sorbent-based gas capture systems (e.g., as all or part of steam source for the desorption process). For example, the gas / steam separator and steam generator system may include a waste heat recovery (WHR) system and a heat pump system (e.g., single stage or multi-stage heat pump system). The steam generated by the gas / steam separator and steam generator system, particularly using waste heat from the gas / steam mixture, helps to reduce the need forother steam sources (e.g., steam bled from the steam turbine system) to support the desorption process in the sorbent-based gas capture systems. Additionally, the steam generated by the gas / steam separator and steam generator system may be directed to the steam turbine system to help drive one or more steam turbines to increase power production.

[0020] As discussed below, the gas / steam separator and steam generator system may be used in a variety of configurations with the gas capture systems. Although specific examples are provide below, the gas / steam separator and steam generator system may be used in any suitable manner to support various gas capture systems, including but not limited to, sorbent-based gas capture systems, solvent-based gas capture systems, and cryogenic gas capture systems.

[0021] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a combined cycle system 10 having a gas turbine system 12, a steam turbine system 14. a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) 16, and a gas treatment system 18. The gas treatment system 18 includes one or more gas capture systems 20 configured to capture an undesirable gas (e.g., CO2) from a gas, such as exhaust gas and / or air. The combined cycle system 10 also may include a gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 having a waste heat recovery (WHR) system 24 and a heat pump system 26 (e.g., an open-loop vapor compression heat pump system having one or more stages), wherein the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 is coupled to and / or integrated with the gas capture systems 20 and the steam turbine system 14. The gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 is configured to separate the undesirable gas (e.g., CO2) from steam in a gas / steam mixture from the gas capture systems 20, recover waste heat from the gas / steam mixture, generate additional steam for use in the gas capture systems 20 and the steam turbine system 14, and generally improve the efficiency of the combined cycle system 10. The gas capture systems 20 may include sorbentbased gas capture systems, solvent-based gas capture systems, cryogenic gas capture systems, or any combination thereof. However, as discussed in further detail below, the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 may be particularly well suited to handle the gas / steam mixture from the sorbent-based gas capture systems, which use steam for desorption of the undesirable gas (e.g., CO2) from a sorbent material.Various aspects of the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 are discussed in further detail below.

[0022] Before discussing details of the gas treatment system 18 and the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22, various aspects of the combined cycle system 10 are discussed in further detail. For purposes of orientation in the drawings, reference may be made to an axial direction or axis 30, a radial direction or axis 32 extending radially away from the axial direction or axis 30, and a circumferential direction or axis 34 extending circumferentially around the axial direction or axis 30. The directions or axes 30, 32, and 34 may be in reference to a rotational axis 36 of the gas turbine system 12, for example.

[0023] The gas turbine system 12 may include an intake section 40, a compressor or compressor section 42, a combustor section 44, a gas turbine or turbine section 46, and an exhaust section 48. The compressor section 42 may include at least one shaft 50 disposed along the rotational axis 36, a casing 52 (e.g., annular casing) disposed circumferentially about the at least one shaft 50, a plurality of rotating compressor blades 54 extending radially outward from the at least one shaft 50, and a plurality of stationary’ compressor vanes 56 extending radially inward from the casing 52 toward the at least one shaft 50. In the illustrated embodiment, the compressor section 42 may include a plurality of compressor stages 58, each having a plurality' of the compressor vanes 56 spaced circumferentially about the at least one shaft 50 at an axial position, and a plurality of the compressor blades 54 spaced circumferentially about the at least one shaft 50 at a different axial position (i.e., the compressor vanes 56 and the compressor blades 58 are axially spaced apart). Accordingly, the compressor section 42 is configured to receive a flow of an intake gas 60 from the intake section 40 and to progressively compress the intake gas 60 through the plurality of compressor stages 58. As discussed in further detail below, the intake gas 60 may include an intake air, an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) flow or recirculated exhaust gas, or a combination thereof.

[0024] The combustor section 44 may include one or more combustors 62. such as a single annular combustor disposed circumferentially about the rotational axis 36or a plurality of combustors 62 circumferentially spaced about the rotational axis 36. In the illustrated embodiment, each combustor 62 includes a head end portion 64 coupled to a combustion portion 66. The combustion portion 66 includes a combustion chamber 68, a combustor liner 70 disposed circumferentially about the combustion chamber 68, a flow sleeve 72 disposed circumferentially about the combustor liner 70, and a passage 74 extending betw een the combustor liner 70 and the flow sleeve 72. The passage 74 is configured to route a compressed gas flow in an upstream direction 76 toward a head end chamber 78 disposed in the head end portion 64. The head end chamber 78 and the combustion chamber 68 of the combustor 62 are separated or divided from one another by an intermediate plate 80. In the head end chamber 78, a plurality of fuel nozzles 82 are coupled to the intermediate plate 80 and an end plate 84 of the head end portion 64. In operation, each combustor 62 receives a compressed gas 86 (e.g., air, EGR, etc.) from the compressor section 42, routes the compressed gas 86 along the passage 74 tow ard the head end chamber 78 as indicated by arrow 76, and routes the compressed gas through the fuel nozzles 82 into the combustion chamber 68.

[0025] In certain embodiments, each combustor 62 may receive one or more fuel flows from a fuel system 88 coupled to the fuel nozzles 82, wherein the fuel system 88 includes a fuel supply system 90 coupled to one or more fuel circuits 92. For example, the fuel circuits 92 may include fuel circuits 94, 96, and 98 coupled to different sets of the fuel nozzles 82. The fuel circuits 92 (e.g., 94, 96, and 98) may include fuel conduits, fuel manifolds, fuel valves, pressure regulators, and other flow controls. The fuel system 88 is configured to supply one or more fuels, such as liquid and / or gas fuels, into each of the fuel nozzles 82 for injection into the combustion chamber 68. The fuels may include natural gas, syngas generated from a gasifier, methane, hydrogen, biofuel, fuel oils, or any combination thereof. The fuel supply system 90 may include a plurality of components to control flows of the various fluids to the combustor 62. For example, the fuel supply system 90 may include one or more components 100. In certain embodiments, the components 100 may include one or more fuel tanks, fuel pumps, valves, pressure regulators, flow regulators, filters, waterremoval units, particulate removal units, manifolds, flow controllers, or any combination thereof.

[0026] The fuel nozzles 82 are configured to inject one or more fuels from the fuel system 88 and the compressed gas 86 from the compressor section 42. In certain embodiments, the fuel nozzles 82 are configured to inject a compressed air 104 from a compressor system 106 having an air compressor 108 coupled to a drive 1 10, such as an electric motor, a combustion engine, a shaft coupled to the gas turbine system 12, or another suitable drive. The compressor system 106 may be configured to receive air from ambient and / or from the intake section 40. Additionally, the compressor system 106 may be configured to enable multiple modes of operation, such as EGR mode or non-EGR mode. For example, in certain embodiments of the gas turbine system 12 having exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), the compressor section 42 supplies the compressed gas 86 (e.g., compressed exhaust gas) to each combustor 62, while the compressor system 106 supplies the compressed air 104 to each combustor 62.

[0027] By further example, in certain embodiments of the gas turbine system 12 without exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), the compressor section 42 supplies the compressed gas 86 (e.g.. compressed air) to each combustor 62 without any need for additional air supplies. Thus, the compressor system 106 may optionally supply the compressed air 104 to each combustor 62. In operation, the fuel may be combusted with the air in the combustion chamber 68 of each combustor 62, thereby generating a hot combustion gas 112 for delivery from the combustion chamber 68 into the turbine section 46.

[0028] The turbine section 46 includes at least one shaft 114 disposed along the rotational axis 36, a casing 116 (e.g., annular casing) disposed circumferentially about the at least one shaft 114, a plurality’ of rotating turbine blades 118 extending radially outward from the at least one shaft 1 14, and a plurality of stationary turbine vanes 120 extending radially inward from the casing 116 toward the at least one shaft 114. The turbine section 46 may include a plurality of turbine stages 122, each having a plurality of the turbine vanes 120 spaced circumferentially about the at least one shaft 114 at an axial position, and a plurality of the turbine blades 118 spacedcircumferentially about the at least one shaft 114 at a different axial position (i.e., the turbine vanes 120 and the turbine blades 118 are axially spaced apart). The at least one shaft 114 also may be coupled to the at least one shaft 50 of the compressor section 42 via at least one intermediate shaft 124. Additionally, the at least one shaft 114 may be coupled to a load 126 via a shaft 128. In certain embodiments, the load 126 may include an electrical generator, a machine, a propulsion system for a vehicle, or any other suitable load. In the illustrated embodiment, the load 126 may be an electrical generator, such that the combined cycle system 10 is a combined cycle power plant. In operation, the combustion gas 112 flows from the combustor 62 into the turbine section 46, wherein the combustion gas 112 progressively expands and drives rotation of the turbine blades 118 coupled to the at least one shaft 114 in each of the turbine stages 122. Thus, the combustion gas 1 12 drives the turbine section 46, which in turn drives the compressor section 42 and the load 126 via the interconnected shafts 50, 124, 114, and 128.

[0029] In certain embodiments, the gas turbine system 12 may be configured with a common rotational direction of the shafts 50, 114, 124, and 128 and the connected compressor blades 54 and turbine blades 118. The shafts 50, 114, 124, and 128 may be removably coupled together with shaft connections, such as flanged joints. In some embodiments, some of the shafts may be combined to reduce the number of shafts. For example, all of the illustrated shafts 50, 114 and 124 may represent a common shaft rotating in the common rotational direction, such as a clockwise or counterclockwise rotational direction.

[0030] The gas turbine system 12 can be configured with or without the compressor system 106 and an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system 150. The EGR system 150 is configured to recirculate an exhaust gas 152 output by the turbine section 46 back into the compressor section 42 (e.g., via intake section 40) for compression and delivery to the combustor section 44. However, the gas turbine system 12 may exclude the EGR system 150 and intake only an airflow into the intake section 40 for compression by the compressor section 42.

[0031] In certain embodiments of the gas turbine system 12 having the EGR system 150, the recirculated exhaust gas 152 flows through the intake section 40 and each of the compressor stages 58 of the compressor section 42, thereby compressing the recirculated exhaust gas as the compressed gas 86 for delivery into combustor section 44. Additionally, the combustor section 44 may receive compressed air 104 from the air compressor 108 of the compressor system 106 through the fuel nozzles 82. The combustor section 44 also receives the fuel from the fuel system 88, such as through the fuel nozzles 82. The fuel from the fuel system 88 then combusts with the air from the compressor system 106 to generate the combustion gases 112, which then flow through the turbine section 46 to drive rotation of the turbine blades 118 in each of the turbine stages 122. The recirculated exhaust gas helps to reduce the temperature and formation of certain emissions (e.g., nitrogen oxides (NOx)) associated with combustion in the combustor section 44.

[0032] In certain embodiments of the gas turbine system 12 without the EGR system 150, the compressor section 42 receives an airflow from the intake section 40, progressively compresses the airflow via the compressor stages 58, and delivers the compressed airflow as the compressed gas 86 into the combustor section 44. The compressed airflow then facilitates combustion of the fuel from the fuel system 88, thereby generating the hot combustion gases 112 for delivery to the turbine section 46. In such embodiments, the compressor system 106 may be excluded or included to provide additional compressed air 104 to the combustor section 44. Regardless of the configuration, the combustion gas 112 drives rotation of the turbine blades 118 in the turbine stages 122. thereby rotating the at least one shaft 114 coupled to the at least one shaft 50 of the compressor section 42 and the shaft 128 driving the load 126.

[0033] The exhaust gas 152 output by the turbine section 46 may then pass through the HRSG 16 for transfer of heat from the exhaust gas into water to generate steam for the steam turbine system 14. For example, the HRSG 16 may include a high-pressure (HP) section 160, an intermediate-pressure (IP) section 162, and a low- pressure (LP) section 164 in a series arrangement, thereby generating a high-pressure steam 166, an intermediate-pressure steam 168 and a low-pressure steam 170. The heat recovery steam generator 16 may route the high-pressure steam 166 to a high-pressure (HP) steam turbine 172, the intermediate-pressure steam 168 to an intermediate-pressure (IP) steam turbine 174, and the low-pressure steam 170 to a low-pressure (LP) steam turbine 176 of the steam turbine system 14. The steam drives rotation of blades within each of the steam turbines 172, 174, 176, thereby driving a shaft 178 coupled to a load 180, such as an electric generator. The low-pressure steam turbine 176 also may return a condensate 182 back to the low-pressure section 164 of the HRSG 16. The HRSG 16 may then output the exhaust gas 152 as a partially cooled exhaust gas 184, which may then pass through the gas treatment system 18.

[0034] As discussed above, the gas treatment system 18 includes one or more gas capture systems 20. For example, the gas capture systems 20 may include any one or any combination of gas capture systems 190, 192, and 194, each having a plurality of components (e.g., components 196, 198, 200, and 202). The gas capture systems 20 (e.g., 190, 192, and 194) are configured to obtain a captured gas 204 from the intake gas 60 and / or the exhaust gas 152, 184. In the illustrated embodiment, the gas capture systems 20 (e.g., 190, 192, and 194) may capture and output carbon dioxide (CO2) as the captured gas 204, which may further be directed to a compression system 206. For example, the compression system 206 may include one or more compressors configured to compress the captured gas 204 (e.g., CO2) and deliver the captured gas to storage and / or a pipeline 208.

[0035] The gas capture system 190 is disposed at, in, or upstream of the intake section 40 for capturing undesirable gases from the intake air. The gas capture systems 192 and 194 are disposed downstream of the gas turbine system 12 and / or the HRSG 16 for capturing undesirable gases from the exhaust gas 152, 184. The gas capture systems 20 (e.g., 190, 192, and 194) may include sorbent-based gas capture systems, solvent-based gas capture systems, cryogenic gas capture systems, or any combination thereof, configured to remove and capture undesirable gases. In certain embodiments, the gas capture systems 20 (e.g., 190, 192, and 194) may be configured to remove and capture undesirable gases, such as carbon oxides (COx) (e.g., carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO)), and thus the gas capture systems 20 may be described as carbon capture systems. In certain embodiments, the gas capture systems 20 (e.g., 190, 192, and 194) may be configured to remove and captureundesirable gases, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) (e.g., nitrogen dioxide (NO2)), and thus the gas capture systems 20 may be described as NOx capture systems. In certain embodiments, the gas capture systems 20 (e.g., 190, 192. and 194) may be configured to remove and capture undesirable gases, such as sulfur oxides (SOx) (e.g., sulfur dioxide (SO2)), and thus the gas capture systems 20 may be described as SOx capture systems. In the following discussion, the gas capture systems 20 (e.g., 190, 192, and 194) may be described as sorbent-based carbon capture systems using sorbent materials as an example and / or solvent based carbon capture systems using liquid absorbents (e.g., solvents) as an example. However, the embodiments disclosed herein may use any type or configuration of gas capture systems 20 (e.g., 190. 192, and 194) as noted above.

[0036] Each of the gas capture systems 20 (e.g., 190, 192, and 194) may include components 196, 198, 200, and 202. Additionally, one or more components 210, 212, and 214 may be disposed upstream from the gas capture systems 192 and 194. For sorbent-based gas capture systems 20 (e.g., 190, 192, and 194), the components 196, 198, 200, and 202 may include sorbent materials disposed on or in ducts (e.g., adsorption duct, desorption duct, and cooling duct), contactors, cartridges, moving beds, rotating wheels, cartridges, or any combination thereof, along a flow path of the intake gas 60 and / or the exhaust gas 152, 184. The sorbent-based gas capture systems 20 are configured to adsorb the undesirable gases (e.g., CO2) into the sorbent materials in an adsorption mode and desorb the undesirable gases from the sorbent materials in a desorption mode. The components 196, 198, 200, and 202 may include a cooling system, such as heat exchangers (e.g., fin and tube heat exchangers), heat pipes, and other thermal control systems, coupled to the sorbent materials to help control the temperature of the sorbent materials. The components 196, 198, 200, and 202 also may include heating systems, such as heated fluid systems (e.g., steam systems, electrical heaters, waste heat systems, etc ), configured to apply heat to the sorbent materials to desorb the undesirable gases from the sorbent materials during the desorption mode. The components 196, 198, 200, and 202 also may include cooling systems, such as cooling fluid systems (e.g., gas cooling systems, liquid cooling systems, etc.), configured to apply a cooling fluid to the sorbent materialsduring a cooling mode. The sorbent-based gas capture systems 20 also may include other suitable components 196, 198, 200, and 202 in support of the sorbent materials.

[0037] For solvent-based gas capture systems 20 (e.g., 190, 192, and 194), the components 196, 198, 200, and 202 may include one or more absorbers, one or more strippers, and a solvent circuit through the absorbers and strippers. The absorber is configured to absorb the undesirable gases (e.g., CO ) into a solvent in an absorption mode, thereby outputting a treated gas (e g., treated air or treated exhaust gas) and a gas-rich solvent (e.g., CO2 rich solvent). The stripper is configured to strip the undesirable gases from the gas-rich solvent in a desorption mode, thereby outputting a gas-lean solvent (e.g.. CO2 lean solvent) back to the absorber and outputting the captured gas 204. The components 196, 198, 200, and 202 may include one or more cooling systems, such as heat exchangers (e.g., fin and tube heat exchangers), heat pipes, and other thermal control systems, coupled to the absorber to help control the temperature of the solvent. In certain embodiments, the cooling systems may be arranged with a plurality of cooling circuits, each having heat exchangers, heat pipes, or other coolers, wherein the gas capture systems 20 may selectively use each of the cooling circuits in different modes. The components 196, 198, 200, and 202 also may include heating systems, such as heated fluid systems (e.g., steam systems, electrical heaters, waste heat systems, etc.), coupled to the strippers, wherein the heating systems are configured to apply heat to the gas-rich solvent to desorb the undesirable gases from the gas-rich solvent during the desorption mode. The components 196, 198, 200, and 202 also may include a reboiler coupled to the stripper, pumps and valves to control a flow of the solvent through the solvent circuit between the absorber and the stripper, and heat exchangers to cool the gas-lean solvent supplied to the absorber and to heat the gas-rich solvent supplied to the stripper. The solventbased gas capture systems 20 also may include other suitable components 196, 198, 200, and 202 in support of the absorbers and strippers.

[0038] In certain embodiments, the components 196, 198, 200, and 202 of the gas capture system 20 and / or the components 210, 212, and 214 upstream from the gas capture systems 192 and 194 may include one or more of a dryer or water removal system (e.g.. water gas separator), a particulate removal system (e.g.. filter and / orsolid gas separator), one or more booster fans configured to boost a flow of the gas being treated, one or more coolers, one or more valves to control a flow of gas to the gas capture system 20. a bypass system configured to bypass the gas capture system 20, or any combination thereof. The cooler may include a heat exchanger, a direct contact cooler (DCC), or a combination thereof. The heat exchanger is configured to indirectly cool the exhaust gas 184 via heat exchange between the exhaust gas 184 and a cooling fluid (e.g., cooling water). The direct contact cooler is configured to directly cool the exhaust gas 184 via direct injection of a cooling fluid (e.g., cooling water) into the exhaust gas 184. Thus, the cooler is configured to cool the exhaust gas 184 prior to treatment in the gas treatment system 18. The separators may include gravity separators, centrifugal separators, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the gas capture systems 20 (e.g., 190, 192, and 194) may be described as multiple gas capture stages. However, in some embodiments, the gas treatment system 18 may include only a single stage and / or gas capture system 20. For example, the gas capture systems 20 may include only one, two, or all three of the gas capture systems 190. 192, and / or 194.

[0039] In certain embodiments, the exhaust gas 184 may partially or entirely bypass the gas treatment system 18 and flow to the EGR system 150, and / or the exhaust gas 184 may partially or entirely flow through the gas treatment system 18 before flowing to the EGR system 150. The EGR system 150 may include one or more conduits, valves, flow controls, coolers, blowers, or any combination thereof, configured to provide at least a portion of the exhaust gas 152, 184 (e.g., EGR flow) to the intake section 40 for recirculation through the compressor section 42. The cooler may be configured to cool the exhaust gas 152, 184 to a lower temperature (e.g., approximately ambient temperature) prior to recirculation into the compressor section 42. The blower may be configured to increase a pressure and flow of the exhaust gas 152, 184 to help overcome pressure losses in the EGR system 150.

[0040] In the illustrated embodiment, the combined cycle system 10 also includes a controller 220 coupled to the gas turbine system 12, the steam turbine system 14, the HRSG 16, the gas treatment system 18, the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 (including the WHR system 24 and the heat pump system 26), the fuelsystem 88, the EGR system 150, the compression system 106, and various sensors 222 distributed throughout the combined cycle system 10. In the illustrated embodiment, the controller 220 includes one or more processors 224, memory 226. instructions 228 stored on the memory 226 and executable by the processor 224, and communication circuitry 230 configured to communicate with the sensors 222 and various equipment throughout the combined cycle system 10. For example, the controller 220 is configured to control the fuel delivery and distribution from the fuel system 88 to the fuel nozzles 82 in the combustor section 44. In certain embodiments, the controller 220 is configured to control operation of the gas capture systems 20 (e.g., 190, 192, and 194), such by controlling modes of operation (e.g., adsorption mode, desorption mode, cooling mode), controlling flows of various fluids through the gas capture systems 20, or any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the controller 220 is configured to control operation of the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 (including the WHR system 24 and the heat pump system 26), such as controlling waste heat recovery, gas / steam separation, steam condensation, and steam generation as discussed in further detail below.

[0041] The sensors 222 (designated with an “S"’) are configured to monitor various operational parameters of the combined cycle system 10. In certain embodiments, the sensors 222 include temperature sensors, pressure sensors, flow rate sensors, fluid composition sensors (e.g., gas composition sensors), vibration sensors, clearance sensors, speed sensors, humidity and / or moisture sensors, or any combination thereof. The sensors 222 may monitor the parameters (e.g., temperature, pressure, flow rate, and fluid composition) at one or more locations of the compressor section 42, the combustor section 44, the turbine section 46, the gas treatment system 18, or any combination thereof.

[0042] For example, the sensors 222 may monitor compressor parameters (e.g., pressure ratio between the inlet and outlet of the compressor section 42), combustion gas parameters (e.g., firing temperature and combustion dynamics), turbine parameters (e.g., temperature and pressure at each turbine stage, the turbine inlet, and the turbine exhaust), and exhaust gas emissions. By further example, the exhaust gas emissions monitored by the sensors 222 may include carbon oxides (COx) such ascarbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur oxides (SOx) such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), unbumt hydrocarbons, particulate matter, and other undesirable exhaust emissions. By further example, the sensors 222 may monitor the temperature of the sorbent materials in sorbent-based gas capture systems, the temperature of solvent in solvent-based gas capture systems, or any combination thereof. In response to the feedback from the sensors 222, the controller 220 may adjust the operating mode, fluid flows, heating, cooling, or any combination thereof, in the gas capture systems 20. By further example, the sensors 222 may monitor parameters (e.g., temperature, pressure, gas composition, flow rate, etc.) in the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22. In response to the feedback from the sensors 222. the controller 220 may adjust the operating mode, waste heat recovery, gas / steam separation, steam generation, or any combination thereof, of the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22.

[0043] In the illustrated embodiment, the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 receives a gas / steam mixture 232 from the one or more gas capture systems 20 (e.g., 190, 192, and 194), wherein the gas / steam mixture 232 includes the undesirable gas (e.g., CO2) mixed with steam due to a desorption process in the one or more gas capture systems 20. For example, the desorption process may include flowing steam 234 through a sorbent material in the gas capture systems 20 (e.g., sorbent-based gas capture system) to desorb the undesirable gas (e.g., CO2) from the sorbent material, thereby causing the undesirable gas (e.g., CO2) to mix with the steam 234 and discharge from the gas capture systems 20 as the gas / steam mixture 232. The gas / steam mixture 232 still has a considerable amount of heat that can be recovered in the WHR system 24 and the heat pump system 26 of the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22. Accordingly, the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 is configured to use the waste heat in the gas / steam mixture 232, while also separating the undesirable gas (e.g., CO2) from the steam in the gas steam mixture 232 to output the captured gas 204 and water 236. The captured gas 204 is subsequently compressed by the compression system 206 and stored by the storage and / or pipeline 208 as discussed above, while the water 236 may be recycled or reused in steam turbine system 14, the HRSG 16, the gas capturesystems 20, and / or elsewhere in the combined cycle system 10. For example, the water 236 may flow through one or more condensate conduits to the LP section 164 of the HRSG 16. By further example, the water 236 and / or water received from the LP section 164 of the HRSG 16, the LP steam turbine 176 of the steam turbine system 14, or a combination thereof, may be used as a water source for steam generation in the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22. Thus, the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 is configured to use the waste heat in the gas / steam mixture 232 to generate steam 238 from a water source, such as the water 236.

[0044] In certain embodiments, the WHR system 24 and the heat pump system 26 may be configured to use the gas / steam mixture 232 for steam generation, power production, and / or other uses while separating the undesirable gas (e.g., CO2) from the steam in the gas steam mixture 232, as discussed in further detail below. For example, the WHR system 24 and the heat pump system 26 may use the gas / steam mixture 232 to generate the steam 232 for use in the gas capture systems 20 as the steam 234, for use in the steam turbine system 14 for increased power production, or any combination thereof. In the illustrated embodiment, the steam 234 may flow through a steam circuit 240 to the LP steam turbine 176 of the steam turbine system 14 to help drive the LP steam turbine 176. However, the steam circuit 240 may be coupled to any section or steam injection location along the steam turbine system 14, thereby helping to increase power production by the steam turbine system 14. The steam turbine system 14 also may provide steam 242 as at least part of the steam 234 to the gas capture systems 20 via one or more steam circuits 244. The gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 also may provide the steam 238 as at least part of the steam 234 to the gas capture systems 20 via one or more steam circuits 246. In certain embodiments, the steam 234 supplied to and used by the gas capture systems 20 may be supplied as only the steam 238 from the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 via the steam circuit 246, only the steam 242 from the steam turbine system 14 via the steam circuit 244. or as a combination of the steam 238 and 242 from the steam circuits 244 and 246. Furthermore, the steam 242 may be extracted from the steam turbine system 14 via one or more steam circuits 248 coupled to the IP steam turbine 174, the LP steam turbine 176, or an intermediateconduit between the IP steam turbine 174 and the LP steam turbine 176. Additional aspects of the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 integrated with the gas capture systems 20 and the steam turbine system 14 are discussed in further detail below.

[0045] FIG. 2 is a schematic of an embodiment of a gas capture system 20 of the gas treatment system 18 of FIG. 1. illustrating a sorbent-based gas capture system 250 using the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 having the WHR system 24 and the heat pump system 26. The following discussion primarily describes the sorbent-based gas capture system 250 as one possible example for use with the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22. which will be discussed in further detail below starting with FIG. 3.

[0046] In the illustrated embodiment, the sorbent-based gas capture system 250 includes a plurality of sorbent-based gas capture assemblies or units 252 (e.g., adsorbers or adsorption units) associated with a plurality of respective conduits 254, such as conduits 256, 258, and 260 (e.g., sorbent-containing conduits). The sorbentbased gas capture units 252 may include temperature swing adsorption (TSA) units or adsorbers, wherein a temperature swing or change is used to alternatively operate in an adsorption mode at a first temperature and a desorption mode at a second temperature. The first temperature is lower than the second temperature. The lower first temperature enables the sorbent-based gas capture units 252 to adsorb the undesirable gas, where lower temperatures generally increase a capacity for adsorbing the undesirable gas. The higher second temperature enables the sorbent-based gas capture units 252 to desorb the undesirable gas, which can then be captured and used in other downstream processes.

[0047] In the illustrated embodiment, the sorbent-based gas capture units 252 include sorbent-based gas capture units 252A, 252B, and 252C associated with the conduits 256, 258, and 260. The conduits 254 (e.g., 256, 258, and 260) may be sorbent-lined along interior surfaces, sorbent-packed within interior volumes, or generally filled with at least 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80. 90. or more percent by volume of sorbent material. However, the sorbent-based gas capture unit 252 mayinclude any number of conduits 254, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more, which are configured in parallel and / or series. Each of the conduits 254 (e.g., 256. 258, and 260) includes an outer conduit wall 262 disposed circumferentially about a flow path 264 (e g., fluid passage or bore) along a central axis 266 from an inlet 268 to an outlet 270, wherein a sorbent material 272 is disposed along an interior surface 274 of the outer conduit wall 262 and / or along an exterior surface 276 of a plurality of contactors 280 (e.g., contactor plates, panels, or fins). In the illustrated embodiment, the contactors 280 are arranged parallel to one another and parallel to the central axis 266. Each of the conduits 254 (e.g., 256, 258, and 260) may include a contactor assembly 278 having any number of the contactors 280, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more contactors 280.

[0048] As discussed in further detail below, the sorbent material 272 may include one or more sorbent layers 282 of the same or different sorbent materials. For example, the one or more sorbent layers 282 of the sorbent material 272 may be disposed along the interior surface 274 of the outer conduit wall 262 and / or the exterior surface 276 of the contactors 280. Each of the contactors 280 has a body 284 with the exterior surface 276 disposed about an interior portion 286. In certain embodiments, the body 284 has a porous structure (e.g., a honeycomb structure) with the sorbent material 272. In some embodiments, the body 284 may be a hollow body throughout the interior portion 286 (e.g., interior chamber or cavity), wherein the body 284 has an outer wall 288 (e.g., perforated outer wall or screen wall) disposed about the interior portion 286, and the interior portion 286 is at least partially or entirety filled with the sorbent material 272 (e.g., a plurality of pieces of the sorbent material 272).

[0049] The temperature of the sorbent material 272 directly affects the adsorption efficiency of the sorbent material 272 during the adsorption mode. The sorbent material 272 may have an optimal temperature or temperature range for efficient adsorption of the undesirable gases. Unfortunately, the adsorption of the undesirable gases into the sorbent material 272 is an exothermic process, which generates heat that generally increases the temperature of the sorbent material 272 and reduces its adsorption efficiency without any cooling of the sorbent material 272. As discussedin detail below, the gas capture system 20 is configured to sequentially and repeatedly operate in a cycle of: (1) an adsorption mode, (2) a desorption mode, and (3) a cooling mode for each of the sorbent-based gas capture units 252A. 252B, and 252C. In particular, the cooling mode is used to cool the sorbent material 272 for a subsequent cycle starting with the adsorption mode.

[0050] The temperatures in the adsorption mode, the desorption mode, and the cooling mode may vary depending on the particular application. In certain embodiments of carbon capture (e.g., CO2 capture), the adsorption mode may be configured to adsorb undesirable gas from a gas 340 into the sorbent material 272 at a first temperature, the desorption mode may be configured to desorb the undesirable gas from the sorbent material 272 using a heat source (e.g., heated fluid) at a second temperature, and the cooling mode may be configured to cool the sorbent material 272 using a cooling source (e.g., cooling fluid) at a third temperature, wherein the second temperature is greater than the first and third temperatures, and the third temperature is lesser than the first and third temperatures. For example, the first temperature may be approximately 40 degrees Celsius (e.g., plus or minus 5, 10, 15, or 20 degrees Celsius), the second temperature may be equal to or greater than approximately 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, or 150 degrees Celsius, and the third temperature may be less than or equal to approximately 0, 5. 10. 15. 20. 25, or 30 degrees Celsius.

[0051] In the illustrated embodiment, the gas capture system 20 includes a thermal control system 290 having a cooling system 292, one or more cooling circuits 294 (e.g., fluid conduits, manifolds, valves, etc.), and one or more heat exchangers 296 coupled to each contactor assembly 278 in the sorbent-based gas capture units 252A, 252B, and 252C. The heat exchangers 296 may include one or more heat exchange flow paths coupled to and / or extending through each contactor assembly 278. The heat exchangers 296 also may include a plurality of heat pipes 298, wherein each contactor assembly 278 includes one or more heat pipes 298 coupled to and / or extending through each contactor 280 in the contactor assembly 278. The cooling system 292 may include a plurality of components, such as components 300, 302, and 304, such as heat exchangers, pumps, valves, coolant supplies, or any combination thereof. The thermal control system 290 may circulate a coolant or cooling fluid (e.g..liquid or gas coolant) from the cooling system 292 through the cooling circuits 294 and the heat exchangers 296 to cool the contactors 280 and the sorbent materials 272 during any one or all of the operating modes (e.g., adsorption mode, desorption mode, and / or cooling mode). In certain embodiments, the cooling circuits 294 may include independent cooling circuits for each of the contactor assemblies 278, such that the thermal control system 290 can independently control the temperature for each of the contactor assemblies 278 depending on the operating modes (e.g., adsorption mode, desorption mode, and / or cooling mode) of the sorbent-based gas capture units 252A, 252B, and 252C.

[0052] The sorbent material 272 (e.g., solid adsorbents) may cover, coat, or generally line at least 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 95, or 100 percent of the interior surface 274 of the outer conduit wall 262, the exterior surface 276 of the contactors 280, and / or other structures within the conduits 254. In some embodiments, the contactors 280 may include rectangular plates, airfoil shaped panels, a parallel arrangement of tubes, a grid arrangement of tubes, a plurality of cartridges, radial projections, baffles, fins, honeycomb structures, a plurality of contactor elements supported in a bundle, or any combination thereof. The plurality' of contactor elements may include a plurality' of particles, beads, strips, strands, mesh, or other distributed structures, which leave voids for fluid flow. Additionally or alternatively, the sorbent material 272 may at least partially fill or pack an interior volume of the central bore or interior surface 274, such that voids remain to facilitate fluid flow (e.g., a void fraction of less than or equal to 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 percent). Furthermore, in some embodiments, the central axis 266 extending from the inlet 268 to the outlet 270 may define the flow path 264 as a linear flow path, a curved flow path, a winding or serpentine flow path, a spiral or helical flow path, a tortuous flow path, an expanding and contracting flow path, a flow path with splits and / or unions, or any combination thereof. For example, the flow path 264 may be defined as a tortuous flow path and include any number or configuration of the foregoing flow paths.

[0053] The sorbent material 272 may include one or more sorbent materials configured to adsorb the undesirable gases, such as sorbent materials designed or suitable for adsorption of carbon oxides (COx) such as carbon dioxide (CO2) andcarbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx) such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), methane (CH4), or any other undesirable gases as described herein or subject to regulations and / or considered greenhouse gases. For example, the sorbent materials 272 may include porous, solid-phase materials, including mesoporous silicas, zeolites (e.g., aluminosilicates), and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). The foregoing sorbent materials 272 may be particularly well-suited for CO2 adsorption in the sorbent-based gas capture unit 252. However, any suitable sorbent materials 272 may be used depending on the desired target for gas capture of undesirable gases. In certain embodiments, a plurality of the sorbent-based gas capture systems 250 may be used in series, wherein each of the sorbent-based gas capture system 250 uses the same or different sorbent materials 272 to remove and capture the same or different undesirable gases in stages.

[0054] The sorbent-based gas capture system 250 may be configured to alternate each of the sorbent-based gas capture units 252A, 252B, and 252C associated with the conduits 256, 258, and 260 between the adsorption mode (e.g., adsorbing the undesirable gases into the sorbent material 272), the desorption mode (e.g., desorbing the undesirable gases from the sorbent material 272), and the cooling mode (e.g., cooling the sorbent material 272) using the controller 220 and the sensors 222. The controller 220 is configured to control the sorbent-based gas capture system 250 to perform a staggered operational cycle of the sorbent-based gas capture units 252A, 252B, and 252C between the different operating modes (e.g., adsorption mode, desorption mode, and cooling mode). For example, for a first duration of time, the controller 220 may operate the sorbent-based gas capture unit 252A in the adsorption mode, the sorbent-based gas capture unit 252B in the desorption mode, and the sorbent-based gas capture unit 252C in the cooling mode. By further example, for a second duration of time, the controller 220 may operate the sorbent-based gas capture unit 252A in the desorption mode, the sorbent-based gas capture unit 252B in the cooling mode, and the sorbent-based gas capture unit 252C in the adsorption mode. By further example, for a third duration of time, the controller 220 may operate the sorbent-based gas capture unit 252A in the cooling mode, the sorbent-based gas capture unit 252B in the adsorption mode, and the sorbent-based gas capture unit252C in the desorption mode. The sorbent-based gas capture system 250 also may be configured to simultaneously operate multiple units (e.g., 2, 3, 4, or more) of the sorbent-based gas capture units 252 in each of the operating modes, such as multiple units 252 in the adsorption mode, multiple units 252 in the desorption mode, and multiple units 252 in the cooling mode. The multiple units 252 may be arranged in series, in parallel, or a combination thereof. The controller 220 is configured to alternate the sorbent-based gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C) between the adsorption, desorption, and the cooling modes via a plurality of support systems.

[0055] The support systems may include the thermal control system 290. an upstream flow distribution system 310, and a downstream flow distribution system 312. The upstream flow distribution system 310 includes a gas supply system 314 (or gas intake system), a heating fluid supply system 316 (e.g., steam and / or heated water supply system), and a cooling fluid supply system 318, while the downstream flow distribution system 312 includes a post-adsorption processing system 320 (e.g., after the adsorption mode), a post-desorption processing system 322 (e.g., gas, steam, and / or heated water processing system after the desorption mode), and a post-cooling system 324 (e.g., after the cooling mode).

[0056] The gas supply system 314 of the upstream flow distribution system 310 is configured to provide a gas 340 (e.g., intake gas 60 or exhaust gas 152, 184) to enable the adsorption mode when selectively operating each of the sorbent-based gas capture units 252 (e.g.. 252A, 252B. and 252C) in the adsorption mode via the controller 220. The gas supply system 314 includes a gas pre-treatment system 330 having one or more gas pre-treatment components 332, 334, and 336, which may be configured to process, adjust, and / or control characteristics of the gas 340 upstream from the conduits 254 (e.g., 256, 258, and 260) of the sorbent-based gas capture units 252 (e.g., units 252A, 252B, and 252C). For example, the gas pre-treatment component 332 may include a thermal control component (e.g., gas temperature control component), such as a heat exchanger, a heater, a cooler, or any combination thereof, configured to adjust (e.g., increase or decrease) a temperature of the gas 340. The heat exchanger may exchange heat with water, exhaust gas. compressor bleed flow, waste heat, orsome other thermal fluid. In some embodiments, a waste heat recovery system maybe used for heat transfer in the heat exchanger. The gas pre-treatment component 334 may include a pressure control component, such as a pressure regulator, an expander or expansion chamber, a constrictor or constriction chamber, a fan or pump to add energy, a turbine to extract energy, or another suitable pressure controller. The gas pre-treatment component 336 may include one or more contaminant removal units, such as a particulate filter, a moisture removal unit or dryer, a chemical removal unit, and / or other removal units configured clean the gas 340. For example, the gas pretreatment component 336 may include a humidity- controller configured to maintain a desired relative humidity- of the gas 340 being received into the sorbent-based gas capture system 250.

[0057] The gas supply system 314 also may include one or more valves 342 configured to control the distribution of the gas 340 to the plurality of conduits 254 (e.g., 256, 258, and 260) of the sorbent-based gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C) via distribution conduits 344, 346, and 348. For example, the valves 342 may include one or more multi-way valves and / or distribution manifolds to independently- distribute the gas 340 through the distribution conduits 344, 346, and / or 348 to the respective sorbent-based gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C) when operating in an adsorption mode in response to control signals from the controller 220.

[0058] The heating fluid supply- sy stem 316 of the upstream flow distribution system 310 is configured to supply a heating fluid to enable the desorption mode when selectively operating each of the sorbent-based gas capture units 252 (e g., 252A, 252B, and 252C) in the desorption mode via the controller 220. As discussed in further detail below, the heating fluid supply system 316 also may coordinate with a vacuum system of the post-desorption processor 442. The heating fluid supply system 316 includes one or more heating fluid supplies 350, such as one or more steam supplies, heated water supplies, heated gas supplies, and / or waste heat supplies. The heating fluids also may be described as sweep fluids, such as a sweep gas or a sweep steam. For example, the heating fluid supplies 350 may include the steam turbine system 14, the HRSG 16, the gas / steam separator and steam generator system22 (e.g., including the WHR system 24 and the heat pump system 26), a waste heat recovery system (e.g., recovering heat from compressors, pumps, generators, reactors, or other power plant equipment), a steam generator or boiler, or any combination thereof. The heating fluid supplies 350 may be configured to supply a heating fluid 352 (e.g., steam and / or heated water) and / or a heating gas 354 (e.g., heated CO2, air, or inert gas such as nitrogen) to a heating fluid control 356 (e.g., steam and / or heating fluid control) of the heating fluid supply system 316.

[0059] The heating fluid control 356 includes one or more heating fluid control components 358, 360, and 362, which may be configured to process, adjust, and / or control characteristics of the heating fluid 352 and / or heating gas 354 upstream from the conduits 254 (e.g., 256, 258, and 260) of the sorbent-based gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C). For example, the heating fluid control component 358 may include a thermal control component (e.g., temperature control component), such as a heat exchanger, a heater, a cooler, or any combination thereof, configured to adjust (e.g., increase or decrease) a temperature of the heating fluid 352 and / or the heating gas 354. The heat exchanger may exchange heat with water, lubricant, coolant, refrigerant, or some other thermal fluid. In some embodiments, a waste heat recovery system may be used for heat transfer in the heat exchanger. The heating fluid control component 360 may include a pressure control component, such as a pressure regulator, an expander or expansion chamber, a constrictor or constriction chamber, a fan or pump to add energy', a turbine to extract energy, or another suitable pressure controller. The heating fluid control component 362 may include a pretreatment component, such as a particulate filter, a cold water drain, and / or other pretreatment components configured to alter characteristics of the heating fluid 352 and / or the heating gas 354 or remove contaminants.

[0060] The heating fluid supply system 316 also may include one or more valves 364 configured to control the distribution of the heating fluid 352 (e.g., steam and / or heated water) and / or the heating gas 354 to the plurality' of conduits 254 (e.g., 256, 258, and 260) of the sorbent-based gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C) via distribution conduits 366, 368, and 370. For example, the valves 364 may include one or more multi-way valves and / or distribution manifolds to independentlydistribute the heating fluid 352 (e.g., steam and / or heated water) and / or the heating gas 354 through the distribution conduits 366, 368, and 370 to the respective sorbentbased gas capture units 252 (e.g.. 252A. 252B, and 252C) when operating in a desorption mode in response to control signals from the controller 220.

[0061] The cooling fluid supply system 318 of the upstream flow distribution system 310 is configured to supply a cooling fluid to enable the cooling mode when selectively operating each of the sorbent-based gas capture units 252 (e g., 252A, 252B, and 252C) in the cooling mode via the controller 220. The cooling fluid supply system 318 includes one or more cooling fluid supplies 372, such as one or more water supplies, cooled air supplies, cooled inert gas (e.g., nitrogen) supplies, cooled CO2 supplies, or any combination thereof. The cooling fluid supplies 372 may be configured to supply a coolant or cooling fluid 374 (e.g., liquid or gas coolant) to a cooling fluid control 376 of the cooling fluid supply system 318.

[0062] The cooling fluid control 376 includes one or more cooling fluid control components 378, 380, and 382, which may be configured to process, adjust, and / or control characteristics of the cooling fluid 374 upstream from the conduits 254 (e.g., 256, 258. and 260) of the sorbent-based gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A. 252B, and 252C). For example, the cooling fluid control component 378 may include a thermal control component (e g., temperature control component), such as a heat exchanger, a heater, a cooler, or any combination thereof, configured to adjust (e.g., increase or decrease) a temperature of the cooling fluid 374. The heat exchanger may exchange heat with water, lubricant, coolant, refrigerant, or some other thermal fluid. The cooling fluid control component 380 may include a pressure control component, such as a pressure regulator, an expander or expansion chamber, a constrictor or constriction chamber, a fan or pump to add energy, a turbine to extract energy, or another suitable pressure controller. The cooling fluid control component 382 may include a pre-treatment component, such as a particulate filter and / or other pretreatment components, configured to alter characteristics of the cooling fluid 374 or remove contaminants.

[0063] The cooling fluid supply system 318 also may include one or more valves 384 configured to control the distribution of the cooling fluid 374 (e.g., liquid or gas coolant) to the plurality of conduits 254 (e.g.. 256, 258. and 260) of the sorbent-based gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C) via distribution conduits 386, 388, and 390. For example, the valves 384 may include one or more multi-way valves and / or distribution manifolds to independently distribute the cooling fluid 374 through the distribution conduits 386, 388. and 390 to the respective sorbent-based gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C) when operating in a cooling mode in response to control signals from the controller 220.

[0064] In the illustrated embodiment, the controller 220 is configured to control the upstream flow distribution system 310 to altematingly distribute flows of the gas 340 during the adsorption mode, the heating fluid 352 and / or the heating gas 354 in the desorption mode, and the cooling fluid 374 in the cooling mode to the different sorbent-based gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C) having sorbent material 272. In the adsorption mode, the gas 340 (e.g., intake gas 60 or exhaust gas 152, 184) flows through the conduit 254 of the selected sorbent-based gas capture unit 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, or 252C) and contacts the sorbent material 272 disposed on the interior surface 274 of the outer conduit wall 262 and / or the exterior surface 276 of the contactors 280, such that the sorbent material 272 adsorbs the undesirable gases (e.g., CO2) from the gas 340. Additionally, the thermal control system 290 may circulate a coolant through the heat exchanger 296 to provide cooling of the contactors 280 and the sorbent material 272. The thermal control system 290 also may facilitate heat transfer to the coolant via a plurality of heat pipes 298 of the heat exchanger 296. The sorbent-based gas capture unit 252 then discharges a treated gas 400 (e.g., lean or substantially free of the undesirable gases) to the post-adsorption processing system 320.

[0065] In the desorption mode, the heating fluid 352 and / or the heating gas 354 flows through the conduit 254 of the selected sorbent-based gas capture unit 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, or 252C) and contacts the sorbent material 272 disposed on the interior surface 274 of the outer conduit wall 262 and / or the exterior surface 276 of the contactors 280. thereby heating the sorbent material 272 to facilitate desorption of theundesirable gases (e.g., CO2) from the sorbent material 272. In some embodiments, the desorption mode may be configured to indirectly heat the sorbent material 272 via a heating circuit (e.g., heating conduit) extending through the sorbent-based gas capture unit 252. For example, the thermal control system 290 may circulate a heating fluid through the heat exchanger 296 to provide heating of the contactors 280 and the sorbent material 272. The thermal control system 290 also may facilitate heat transfer from the heating fluid across the contactors 280 via the plurality of heat pipes 298 of the heat exchanger 296. The sorbent-based gas capture unit 252 then discharges a fluid flow 402 including the undesirable gas, the heating fluid 352, and / or the heating gas 354 for further processing by the post-desorption processing system 322.

[0066] In the cooling mode, the cooling fluid 374 flows through the conduit 254 of the selected sorbent-based gas capture unit 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, or 252C) and contacts the sorbent material 272 disposed on the interior surface 274 of the outer conduit wall 262 and / or the exterior surface 276 of the contactors 280, thereby cooling the sorbent material 272 and the contactors 280. In some embodiments, the cooling mode may be configured to indirectly cool the sorbent material 272 and the contactors 280 via a cooling circuit (e.g., cooling conduit) extending through the sorbent-based gas capture unit 252. For example, the thermal control system 290 may circulate a cooling fluid through the heat exchanger 296 to provide cooling of the contactors 280 and the sorbent material 272. The thermal control system 290 also may facilitate heat transfer away from the contactors 280 and the sorbent material 272 via the plurality of heat pipes 298 of the heat exchanger 296. The sorbent-based gas capture unit 252 then discharges a fluid flow 404 (e.g., cooling fluid 374) for handling by the post-cooling system 324.

[0067] In certain embodiments, the sorbent-based gas capture system 250 includes a movable sorbent system configured to continuously or periodically move the sorbent material 272 between the adsorption mode, the desorption mode, and the cooling mode. For example, the sorbent-based gas capture system 250 may include a rotating contactor assembly or wheel (e.g., rotating contactors with sorbent material 272) configured to rotate from adsorption, desorption and cooling, thereby providinga continuous stream of captured undesirable gases. For example, the wheel (e.g., rotating contactors with sorbent material 272) may extend into each of the plurality of conduits 254, and continuously rotate through the conduits 254. During the wheel rotation, one or more of the conduits 254 flow the gas 340 being treated to remove the undesirable gases, while one or more of the conduits 254 simultaneously flow the heating fluid 352 and / or heating gas 354 to remove and capture the undesirable gas (e.g., CO2) to generate the captured gas 204. and while one or more of the conduits 254 simultaneously flow the cooling fluid 374 to cool the sorbent material 272. For the desorption, the heating fluid 352 and / or heating gas 354 may be routed or generally configured to provide direct heat transfer and / or indirect heat transfer to the sorbent material 272. thereby helping to separate and capture the undesirable gas.

[0068] In the illustrated embodiment, the controller 220 is configured to control the downstream flow distribution system 312 to altematingly distribute flows from each sorbent-based gas capture unit 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B. and 252C) to route the treated gas 400 to the post-adsorption processing system 320 during the adsorption mode, the fluid flow' 402 (e.g., the undesirable gas, the heating fluid 352, and / or the heating gas 354) to the post-desorption processing system 322 in the desorption mode, and the fluid flow 404 (e.g., cooling fluid 374) to the post-cooling system 324 in the cooling mode. In certain embodiments, the downstream flow distribution system 312 includes one or more valves 410 fluidly coupled with the sorbent-based gas capture unit 252A, one or more valves 412 fluidly coupled with the sorbent-based gas capture unit 252B, and one or more valves 414 fluidly coupled with the sorbent-based gas capture unit 252C. The valves 410 may include one or more multi-way valves and / or distribution manifolds coupled to distribution conduits 416, 418, and 420, which are coupled to the post-adsorption processing system 320, the post-desorption processing system 322, and the post-cooling system 324, respectively. The valves 412 may include one or more multi-way valves and / or distribution manifolds coupled to distribution conduits 422. 424, and 426. which are coupled to the post-adsorption processing system 320, the post-desorption processing system 322, and the postcooling system 324, respectively. The valves 414 may include one or more multiway valves and / or distribution manifolds coupled to distribution conduits 428. 430,and 432, which are coupled to the post-adsorption processing system 320, the postdesorption processing system 322. and the post-cooling system 324, respectively. In operation, the controller 220 is configured to control the valves 410, 412. and 414 to independently control the flows from the sorbent-based gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C) to the post-adsorption processing system 320 in the adsorption mode, to the post-desorption processing system 322 in the desorption mode, and to the post-cooling system 324 in the cooling mode.

[0069] The post-adsorption processing system 320 includes a treated gas processing system 440, which may include an exhaust stack, an additional gas treatment system, or any other suitable post processing equipment. In certain embodiments, the post-adsorption processing system 320 may recirculate all or part of the treated gas 400 to the EGR system 150 as discussed above with reference to FIG. 1.

[0070] The post-desorption processing system 322 may include a post-desorption processor (or post-desorb processor) 442 having one or more post-desorption processing components 444, 446, and 448 and / or the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22. In certain embodiments, the fluid flow 402 directed to the postdesorption processor 442 is a result of the desorption mode, wherein the heating fluid 352 (e.g., steam and / or heated water) and / or heating gas 354 is directed through the conduit 254 of the sorbent-based gas capture unit 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, or 252C) to desorb the undesirable gases (e.g., CO2) from the sorbent material 272. Accordingly, the one or more post-desorption processing components 444, 446, and 448 (e.g., gas, steam, and / or heated water processing components) may be configured to process, adjust, and / or control characteristics of the fluid flow 402 (e.g., gas, steam, and / or heated water flow) from the conduits 254 (e.g., 256, 258, and 260) of the sorbentbased gas capture units 252 (e.g.. 252A, 252B, and 252C). For example, the postdesorption processing component 444 may include a captured gas / heated fluid separator configured to separate the heating fluid 352 (e.g., steam and / or heated water) and / or the heating gas 354 from the captured gas, thereby outputting a water 450 (e.g., condensate) and the captured gas 204. Examples of the captured gas / heated fluid separator include thermal control components, pressure controlcomponents, chemical separation components, or a combination thereof. For example, the captured gas / heated fluid separator may be configured to condense or cool the heating fluid 352 (e.g.. steam) using a condenser. The post-desorption processing component 446 may include one or more removal units configured to remove contaminants from the water 450 and / or the captured gas 204. For the water 450, the removal units may include particulate filters and / or water treatment units. For the captured gas 204, the removal units may include particulate filters, water removal units or dryers, or further gas treatment units. The post-desorption processing component 448 may include one or more pressure control components and / or flow control components, such as one or more pumps for the water 450 and one or more compressors for the captured gas 204. The post-desorption processing components 448 also may include a vacuum system having one or more vacuum pumps configured to suction the captured gas / heated fluid flow from the sorbentbased gas capture units 252. In other words, the vacuum pumps are configured to create a low-pressure environment to help draw the captured gas / heated fluid flow from the sorbent-based gas capture units 252. The gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 may include the WHR system 24 and the heat pump system 26 configured to recover waste heat from the fluid flow 402 (e.g., gas / steam mixture 232) for additional steam generation, power production, or any combination thereof, while also separating the undesirable gas from the steam in the fluid flow 402. Additional details of the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 are discussed below. In certain embodiments, the post-desorption processor 442 may include only the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 without the post-desorption processing components 444. 446, and 448, or the post-desorption processor 442 may include any combination of some or all of the post-desorption processor 442 with the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22.

[0071] The post-cooling system 324 may include a cooling fluid recirculation system 452, which is configured to recirculate the fluid flow 404 back to the cooling fluid supply system 318 as the cooling fluid 374. The cooling fluid recirculation system 452 may include components 454, 456, and 458, such as a recirculation pump, compressor, or booster fan, a cooling system, and flow control valves. The coolingsystem may include a heat exchanger configured to transfer heat away from the fluid flow 404. thereby cooling the fluid flow for additional use as the cooling fluid 374. In certain embodiments, the heat available from the fluid flow 404 may be recovered in one or more heat exchangers to heat the heating fluid 352 and / or heating gas 354 of the heating fluid supply system 316, thereby reducing the total heating energy demand. The remaining low grade heat from the fluid flow 404 may then be rejected to ambient.

[0072] The controller 220 is configured to receive feedback from the sensors 222 to facilitate adjustments of various operating parameters and change operating modes (e.g., adsorption mode, desorption mode, and cooling mode) of the sorbent-based gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C). For example, the controller 220 may be configured to alternate flows (e.g., gas 340, heating fluid 352 and / or heating gas 354, and cooling fluid 374) through the plurality of conduits 254 (e.g., 256, 258, and 260), such that the sorbent-based gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B. and 252C) can alternate between the adsorption mode, the desorption mode, and the cooling mode. In the adsorption mode, the conduit 254 receives a flow of the gas 340, adsorbs the undesirable gases (e.g., CO2) from the gas 340 into the sorbent material 272, and outputs a treated gas 400 with a reduced content or concentration level of the undesirable gases. The adsorption of undesirable gases into the sorbent material 272 is an exothermic process, which generates heat. The thermal control system 290, including the heat exchangers 296 and the heat pipes 298, help to regulate the temperature of the sorbent material 272 during the adsorption mode, thereby maintaining or increasing the adsorption efficiency of the sorbent material 272. In the desorption mode, the conduit 254 receives a flow of the heating fluid 352 (e.g., steam and / or heated water) and / or heating gas 352, desorbs the undesirable gases (e.g., CO2) from the sorbent material 272 into the heating fluid 352 and / or heating gas 352, and outputs the fluid flow 402 with the desorbed undesirable gases (e.g., heating fluid 352 and / or heating gas 354 rich in the undesirable gases such as CO2). The desorption of undesirable gases from the sorbent material 272 is an endothermic process, and the heating fluid 352 and / or heating gas 352 provides sufficient heat (e.g., directly or indirectly) to drive the desorption of the undesirable gases (e.g., CO2)from the sorbent material 272. In the cooling mode, the conduit 254 receives a flow of the cooling fluid 374 (e.g., gas or liquid coolant), thereby cooling the sorbent material 272 and the contactors 280.

[0073] The controller 220 is configured to monitor the sensors 222, such as sensors 222 at or upstream from the inlets 266 and sensors 222 at or downstream from the outlets 268, to evaluate rates of adsorption, desorption, and cooling, concentration levels of the undesirable gases, and other characteristics impacting the operating modes of the sorbent-based gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C). If the sensors 222 indicate a need to alternate operating modes (e.g., adsorption, desorption, and cooling modes) of the sorbent-based gas capture units 252 (e.g., 252A, 252B, and 252C), then the controller 220 may be configured to control the valves 342, 364, 384, 410, 412, and 414 to change the flows through the conduits 254 to support the desired operating modes. The sensors 222 also may monitor the temperature of the sorbent material 272 and adjust the thermal control system 290 to provide heating or cooling depending on the operating mode (e.g., cooling during the adsorption and cooling modes and heating during the desorption mode).

[0074] For the gas 340 treated in one of the conduits 254 in the adsorption mode, the controller 220 may be configured to control the gas pre-treatment system 330 to control characteristics of the gas 340 (e.g., temperature, pressure, flow rate, etc.). Similarly, the controller 220 is configured to control the treated gas processing system 440 to control the processing of the treated gas 400 discharged from one or more of the conduits 254. For the heating fluid 352 (e.g., steam and / or heated water) and / or the heating gas 354 supporting the desorption mode in one of the conduits 254, the controller 220 may be configured to control the HRSG 16, the steam turbine system 14, the heating fluid control 356. or any combination thereof, to control characteristics of the heating fluid 352 and / or the heating gas 354 (e.g., temperature, pressure, flow rate, steam content, water content, etc.). Similarly, the controller 220 is configured to control the post-desorption processor 442 to control the processing of the fluid flow 402 (including the undesirable gas desorbed during the desorption mode) discharged from one or more of the conduits 254. For the cooling fluid 374 supporting the cooling mode in one of the conduits 254, the controller 220 may be configured tocontrol the cooling fluid control 376 and / or the cooling fluid recirculation system 452 to control characteristics of the cooling fluid 374 (e.g., temperature, pressure, flow rate, etc.). Similarly, the controller 220 is configured to control the cooling fluid recirculation system 452 to control the processing of the fluid flow 404 (e.g., cooling fluid 374) discharged from one or more of the conduits 254.

[0075] FIG. 3 is a schematic of an embodiment of the combined cycle system 10 of FIG. 1, further illustrating an embodiment of the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 coupled to the gas capture system 20 (e.g., sorbent-based gas capture system 250) and the steam turbine system 14. The combined cycle system 10 is substantially the same as described in detail above. For example, the combined cycle system 10 includes the gas turbine system 12, the steam turbine system 14, the HRSG 16, the gas treatment system 18 having the gas capture system 20 (e.g., sorbent-based gas capture system 250), and the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 as described in detail above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. Accordingly, the embodiment of FIG. 3 is described in context of the foregoing description of FIGS. 1 and 2. In the illustrated embodiment, the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 includes both the WHR system 24 and the heat pump system 26. The gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 is configured recover waste heat from the gas / steam mixture 232 from the sorbent-based gas capture system 250, thereby separating the undesirable gas (e g., CO2) from the gas / steam mixture 232 to output the captured gas 204 and water 236 (e.g., condensate), while also generating the steam 238 for use in the sorbent-based gas capture system 250 and the steam turbine system 14. Various details of the illustrated gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 are discussed below.

[0076] In the illustrated embodiment, the HRSG 16 is configured to transfer heat from the exhaust gas 152 received from the gas turbine system 12 to water 480 (e.g., condensate) in one or more fluid circuits 482 extending between the HRSG 16 and the steam turbine system 14, thereby generating steam 484 for driving HP steam turbine 172, the IP steam turbine 174, and the LP steam turbine 176 of the steam turbine system 14. The LP steam turbine 176 of the steam turbine system 14 outputs a steam and / or water 486, which then flows through a heat exchanger (e.g., condenser) 488configured to cool and condense the steam and / or water 486 to produce the water 480 (e.g., condensate) for return into the HRSG 16. The HRSG 16 also cools the exhaust gas 152 and outputs the cooled exhaust gas 184, which then flows through the sorbent-based gas capture system 250 of the gas treatment system 18.

[0077] As discussed above with reference to FIG. 2, the sorbent-based gas capture system 250 includes one or more sorbent-based gas capture units 252 (e.g., sorbentbased gas capture units 252A, 252B, and 252C) having sorbent material 272, each of which cycles through an adsorption mode, a desorption mode, and a cooling mode to facilitate gas capture of the undesirable gas (e.g.. CO2). In the adsorption mode, the sorbent material 272 in the sorbent-based gas capture unit 252 adsorbs the undesirable gas from the exhaust gas 184 and discharges a remaining exhaust gas 490 (e.g., substantially free of the undesirable gas) through an exhaust stack 492. In the desorption mode, the steam 234 is supplied to the sorbent-based gas capture unit 252 to desorb the undesirable gas from the sorbent material 272 into the steam 234 to generate the gas / steam mixture 232. The gas / steam mixture 232 still has considerable heat, which is subsequently used in the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22.

[0078] In the illustrated embodiment, the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 includes a fluid circuit 500 having the WHR system 24 and the heat pump system 26. The illustrated fluid circuit 500 has the WHR system 24 and the heat pump system 26 in series with one another, wherein the WHR system 24 is upstream from the heat pump system 26. For example, the WHR system 24 may be configured to generate steam for the heat pump system 26. In certain embodiments, the fluid circuit 500 may include one or more parallel fluid circuits, series fluid circuits, or a combination thereof, with one or more stages (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more) of the WHR system 24 and / or one or more stages (e.g.. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more) of the heat pump system 26.

[0079] The WHR system 24 of the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 may include one or more heat exchangers, flash tanks, compressors, pumps, or any combination thereof, configured recover waste heat from the gas / steammixture 232 while separating the undesirable gas (e.g., CO2) from the gas / steam mixture 232 to output the captured gas 204 and water 236 (e.g., condensate). In certain embodiments, the WHR system 24 may use the water 236 (e.g., condensate) and / or a water 502 (e g., water supply) to generate a steam 504. The water 502 may be supplied from a variety of water supplies, including but not limited to water 480 from the fluid circuit 482. However, the WHR system 24 may operate only with the water 236 separated from the gas / steam mixture 232 without any requirement for the additional water 236. The steam 504 may then be used in one or more stages of the heat pump system 26 (e.g., open-loop heat pump system), thereby outputting the steam 238. The fluid circuit 500 may then provide the steam 238, downstream from the heat pump system 26, to the sorbent-based gas capture system 250 via the steam circuit 246 and / or to the LP steam turbine 176 of the steam turbine system 14 via the steam circuit 240. The controller 220 may be coupled to one or more valves in the fluid circuit 500, such as valves in the steam circuits 240 and 246, to control the flow of steam 238 to the LP steam turbine 176 and the sorbent-based gas capture system 250. The water 236 output by the WHR system 24 (e.g.. water separated from the gas / steam mixture 232 and not used for steam generation) may further pass through a return circuit 506 having a deaerator 508. The deaerator 508 is configured to remove any dissolved gases (e.g., oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.) from the water 236, and output a deaerated water 236, 510 to the fluid circuit 482. The deaerated water 236, 510 produced by the deaerator 508 helps to protect downstream equipment from corrosion, such as due to carbonic acid. The deaerated w aler 236, 510 may then flow through the fluid circuit 482 to the HRSG 16 for additional steam generation as discussed above.

[0080] FIG. 4 is a schematic of an embodiment of the combined cycle system 10 of FIG. 1, further illustrating an embodiment of the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 coupled to the gas capture system 20 (e.g., sorbent-based gas capture system 250) and the steam turbine system 14. The combined cycle system 10 is substantially the same as described in detail above. For example, the combined cycle system 10 includes the gas turbine system 12, the steam turbine system 14, the HRSG 16, the gas treatment system 18 having the gas capture system 20 (e.g.,sorbent-based gas capture system 250), and the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 as described in detail above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. Accordingly, the embodiment of FIG. 4 is described in context of the foregoing description of FIGS. 1 and 2. Additionally, the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 of FIG. 4 is substantially the same as discussed above with reference to FIG. 3, except the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 of FIG. 4 includes only the WHR system 24 without the heat pump system 26.

[0081] In the illustrated embodiment, the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 includes a fluid circuit 530 having the WHR system 24. In certain embodiments, the fluid circuit 530 may include one or more parallel fluid circuits, series fluid circuits, or a combination thereof, with one or more stages (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more) of the WHR system 24. The WHR system 24 may include one or more heat exchangers, flash tanks, compressors, pumps, or any combination thereof, configured recover waste heat from the gas / steam mixture 232 while separating the undesirable gas (e.g., CO2) from the gas / steam mixture 232 to output the captured gas 204 and water 236 (e.g., condensate). In certain embodiments, the WHR system 24 may use the water 236 (e.g., condensate) and / or a water 502 (e.g., water 480 extracted from the fluid circuit 482) to generate the steam 238. The fluid circuit 530 may then provide the steam 238 to the sorbent-based gas capture system 250 via the steam circuit 246 and / or to the LP steam turbine 176 of the steam turbine system 14 via the steam circuit 240. The controller 220 may be coupled to one or more valves in the fluid circuit 530, such as valves in the steam circuits 240 and 246, to control the flow of steam 238 to the LP steam turbine 176 and the sorbent-based gas capture system 250. The water 236 output by the WHR system 24 (e.g., water separated from the gas / steam mixture 232 and not used for steam generation) may further pass through the return circuit 506 having the deaerator 508. The deaerator 508 is configured to remove any dissolved gases from the water 236, and output the deaerated water 236, 510 to the fluid circuit 482. The deaerated water 236, 510 may then flow through the fluid circuit 482 to the HRSG 16 for additional steam generation as discussed above.

[0082] FIG. 5 is a schematic of an embodiment of the combined cycle system 10 of FIG. 1, further illustrating an embodiment of the gas / steam separator and steamgenerator system 22 coupled to the gas capture system 20 (e.g., sorbent-based gas capture system 250) and the steam turbine system 14. The combined cycle system 10 is substantially the same as described in detail above. For example, the combined cycle system 10 includes the gas turbine system 12, the steam turbine system 14, the HRSG 16, the gas treatment system 18 having the gas capture system 20 (e.g., sorbent-based gas capture system 250), and the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 as described in detail above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. In the illustrated embodiment, the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 includes both the WHR system 24 and the heat pump system 26. Accordingly, the embodiment of FIG. 5 is described in context of the foregoing description of FIGS. 1 and 2. Additionally, the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 of FIG. 5 is substantially the same as discussed above with reference to FIG. 3, except the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 of FIG. 5 includes additional components to support the gas capture system 20 and generate additional steam.

[0083] In the illustrated embodiment, the gas turbine system 12 provides the exhaust gas 152 to the HRSG 16 for steam generation for the steam turbine system 14, and then directs the exhaust gas 152, 184 further downstream along a fluid circuit 540 to the gas treatment system 18 having the gas capture system 20 (e.g., sorbent-based gas capture system 250). In the illustrated embodiment, the fluid circuit 540 includes a heat exchanger 542 (e g., cooler) and a blower 544. The heat exchanger 542 is fluidly coupled to a heat exchanger 546 (e.g., reheater) disposed along an exhaust gas flow path 548 discharging the remaining exhaust gas 490 from the gas treatment system 18. In certain embodiments, a fluid circuit 549 fluidly couples the heat exchangers 542 and 546 and circulates a thermal fluid (e.g., water) between the heat exchangers 542 and 546. The heat exchanger 542 transfers heat away from the exhaust gas 152, 184 to the thermal fluid in the fluid circuit 549, thereby cooling the exhaust gas 152, 184 upstream of the gas treatment system 18. The heat exchanger 546 transfers heat from the thermal fluid in the fluid circuit 549 to the exhaust gas 490 being discharged along the exhaust flow path 548, thereby reheating the exhaust gas 490. The blower 544 is configured to boost the pressure and flowrate of the exhaust gas 152, 184 being directed through the gas treatment system 18.

[0084] In the illustrated embodiment, the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 includes a fluid circuit 550 having the WHR system 24 and the heat pump system 26 as described above with reference to FIG. 3. The illustrated fluid circuit 550 has the WHR system 24 and the heat pump system 26 in series with one another, wherein the WHR system 24 is upstream from the heat pump system 26. For example, the WHR system 24 may be configured to generate steam for the heat pump system 26. In certain embodiments, the fluid circuit 550 may include one or more parallel fluid circuits, series fluid circuits, or a combination thereof, with one or more stages (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more) of the WHR system 24 and / or one or more stages (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more) of the heat pump system 26.

[0085] In certain embodiments, the WHR system 24 may use the water 236 (e.g., condensate) and / or the water 502 (e.g., water 480 extracted from the fluid circuit 482) to generate a steam 504. The water 502 may be supplied from a variety of water supplies, including but not limited to water 480 from the fluid circuit 482. However, the WHR system 24 may operate only with the water 236 separated from the gas / steam mixture 232 without any requirement for the additional water 236. The steam 504 may then be used in one or more stages of the heat pump system 26 (e.g., open-loop heat pump system), thereby outputting the steam 238. The fluid circuit 550 may then provide the steam 238, downstream from the heat pump system 26, to the sorbent-based gas capture system 250 via the steam circuit 246 and / or to the LP steam turbine 176 of the steam turbine system 14 via the steam circuit 240.

[0086] The water 236 output by the WHR system 24 (e.g., water separated from the gas / steam mixture 232) may further pass through a fluid circuit 552 having the deaerator 508, a cooler or cooling heat exchanger 554, a flash tank (e.g., vapor-liquid separator) 556, and a heat pump system 558 (e.g., open-loop heat pump system). The deaerator 508 is configured to remove any dissolved gases (e.g.. oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.) from the water 236, and output a deaerated water 236, 510. The deaerated water 236, 510 produced by the deaerator 508 helps to protect downstream equipment from corrosion, such as due to carbonic acid. The deaerated water 236, 510 may then flow through the fluid circuit 482 to the cooling heat exchanger 554, which is configured to cool the deaerated water 236, 510 by transferring heat from thedeaerated water 236, 510 to another cooling medium (e.g., air, cooling water, etc.). The deaerated water 236, 510 may then flow through the fluid circuit 482 to the flash tank 556. which is configured separate the deaerated water 236, 510 into a steam flow and a water flow prior to the heat pump system 558. The heat pump system 558 may use the steam flow and the water flow to generate additional steam 560, which may be supplied through a steam circuit 562 of the fluid circuit 552. The steam circuit 562 may then couple with the steam circuits 240 and 246. such that the steam 560 may be supplied to the sorbent-based gas capture system 250 via the steam circuit 246 and / or to the LP steam turbine 176 of the steam turbine system 14 via the steam circuit 240. The controller 220 may be coupled to one or more valves in the fluid circuits 550 and 552, such as valves in the steam circuits 240, 246, and 562, to control the flow of steam 238, 560 to the LP steam turbine 176 and the sorbent-based gas capture system 250. Thus, in the illustrated embodiment, the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 includes multiple heat pump stages, including the heat pump systems 26 and 558. In certain embodiments, the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 may exclude heat pump systems (e.g., 26, 558) or include additional heat pump systems.

[0087] FIG. 6 is a schematic of an embodiment of the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 of FIGS. 1-5, further illustrating an embodiment of the WHR system 24 for use with the gas capture system 20 (e.g., sorbent-based gas capture system 250) and the steam turbine system 14. Accordingly, the embodiment of FIG. 6 is described in context of the foregoing description of FIGS. 1-5. In the illustrated embodiment, the WHR system 24 includes a fluid circuit 580 that receives the gas / steam mixture 232 from the gas capture system 20 (e.g., sorbent-based gas capture system 250), wherein the WHR system 24 is configured to recover heat from the gas / steam mixture 232, separate the captured gas 204 (e.g., CO2) and the water 236 from the gas / steam mixture 232, and generate the steam 238 for use in the sorbent-based gas capture system 250 via the steam circuit 246 and / or to the LP steam turbine 176 of the steam turbine system 14.

[0088] In the illustrated embodiment, the fluid circuit 580 may include a component 582 configured to receive the gas / steam mixture 232 from the sorbent-based gas capture system 250, wherein the component 582 separates water 584 from the gas / steam mixture 232. The component 582 may include a separator, such as a gravity separator, a centrifugal separator, or a combination thereof. The component 582 outputs the water 584 through a fluid circuit 586 to a cooler or cooling heat exchanger 588, which cools the water 584 for further use in the HRSG 16, the steam turbine system 14, the gas treatment system 18. and / or the WHR system 24. The component 582 also outputs the gas / steam mixture 232 through a fluid circuit 590 to a flash tank 592. The flash tank 592 is configured to separate the gas / steam mixture 232 into a gas / steam mixture 594 along a fluid circuit 596 and water 598 along a fluid circuit 600. The flash tank 592, and all other flash tanks described herein, may include a tank or drum, which causes a pressure drop in the incoming flow, thereby causing flash evaporation into a vapor stream while also discharging a liquid stream. For example, the flash tank 592 causes a pressure drop in the incoming gas / steam mixture 232, thereby causing a flash evaporation of the gas / steam mixture 232 to generate outputs of the gas / steam mixture 594 and the water 598. Downstream from the flash tank 592, the fluid circuit 596 includes a compressor (e.g.. vapor compressor) 602, a heat exchanger 604, a cooler or cooling heat exchanger 606, and a flash tank 608, which separates phases into the gas 204 (e.g., CO2) along a fluid circuit 610 and the water 236 along a fluid circuit 612. Additionally, downstream from the flash tank 592, the fluid circuit 600 includes a pump 614, the heat exchanger 604, and a flash tank 616, which separates phases into the steam 238 along a fluid circuit 618 and the water 236 along a fluid circuit 620. These fluid circuits 596 and 600 are discussed in further detail below.

[0089] In the fluid circuit 596, the compressor 602 is configured to compress the gas / steam mixture 594 in one or more compressor stages, thereby increasing the pressure and temperature of the gas / steam mixture 594. The heat exchanger 604 is configured to cool and at least partially condense the gas / steam mixture 594 by transferring heat from the gas / steam mixture 594 in the fluid circuit 596 to the water 598 in the fluid circuit 600. The heat exchange in the heat exchanger 604 also heats the water 598 in the fluid circuit 600. The cooling heat exchanger 606 is configured to further cool and condense the gas / steam mixture 594 via heat transfer with anothercooling medium, such as air, water, or another coolant. In combination, the compression by the compressor 602 and the cooling by the heat exchanger 604 and the cooling heat exchanger 606 may help to at least partially condense the gas / steam mixture 594 into a fluid 622 (e.g., partially condensed fluid) upstream from the flash tank 608. The flash tank 608 causes a pressure drop in the incoming fluid 622, thereby causing a flash evaporation of the fluid 622 to generate outputs of the gas 204 (e.g., CO2) and the water 236. The gas 204 may then be compressed by the compression system 206 and stored by the storage and / or pipeline 208 as discussed above.

[0090] In the fluid circuit 600. the pump 614 is configured to pump the water 598 to increase the pressure and flow of the water 598 through the heat exchanger 604, which transfers heat between the fluid circuits 596 and 600 as discussed above, resulting in heated water 598 output from the heat exchanger 604. The flash tank 616 causes a pressure drop in the incoming heated water 598, thereby causing a flash evaporation of the heated water 598 to generate outputs of the steam 238 and the water 236. As discussed above, the steam 238 may be directed back to the sorbentbased gas capture system 250 via the steam circuit 246 and / or to the LP steam turbine 176 of the steam turbine system 14. while the water 236 may be recycled to the HRSG 16, the steam turbine system 14, the gas treatment system 18. and / or the WHR system 24.

[0091] FIG. 7 is a schematic of an embodiment of the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 of FIGS. 1-5, further illustrating an embodiment of the WHR system 24 and the heat pump system 26 for use with the gas capture system 20 (e.g., sorbent-based gas capture system 250) and the steam turbine system 14. Accordingly, the embodiment of FIG. 7 is described in context of the foregoing description of FIGS. 1-5. In the illustrated embodiment, the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 includes a fluid circuit 640 that receives the gas / steam mixture 232 from the gas capture system 20 (e.g., sorbent-based gas capture system 250), wherein the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 is configured to recover heat from the gas / steam mixture 232, separate the captured gas 204 (e.g., CO2) and the water 236 from the gas / steam mixture 232. and generate the steam 238for use in the sorbent-based gas capture system 250 via the steam circuit 246 and / or to the LP steam turbine 176 of the steam turbine system 14.

[0092] In the illustrated embodiment, the fluid circuit 640 may include a flash tank 642 configured to receive and separate the gas / steam mixture 232 into a gas / steam mixture 644 along a fluid circuit 646 and water 648 along a fluid circuit 650. The flash tank 642. and all other flash tanks described herein, may include a tank or drum, which causes a pressure drop in the incoming flow, thereby causing flash evaporation into a vapor stream while also discharging a liquid stream. For example, the flash tank 642 causes a pressure drop in the incoming gas / steam mixture 232, thereby causing a flash evaporation of the gas / steam mixture 232 to generate outputs of the gas / steam mixture 644 and the water 648.

[0093] Downstream from the flash tank 642, the fluid circuit 646 includes a heat exchanger 652, a cooler or cooling heat exchanger 654, and a flash tank 656, which separates phases into the gas 204 (e.g., CO2) along a fluid circuit 658 and the water 236 along a fluid circuit 660. The heat exchanger 652 is configured to cool and at least partially condense the gas / steam mixture 644 by transferring heat from the gas / steam mixture 644 in the fluid circuit 646 to the water 648 in the fluid circuit 650. The heat exchange in the heat exchanger 652 also heats the water 648 in the fluid circuit 650. The cooling heat exchanger 654 is configured to further cool and condense the gas / steam mixture 644 via heat transfer with another cooling medium, such as air, water, or another coolant. In combination, the cooling by the heat exchanger 652 and the cooling heat exchanger 654 may help to at least partially condense the gas / steam mixture 644 into a fluid (e.g., partially condensed fluid) upstream from the flash tank 656. The flash tank 656 causes a pressure drop in the incoming fluid, thereby causing a flash evaporation of the fluid to generate outputs of the gas 204 (e.g., CO2) and the water 236. The gas 204 may then be compressed by the compression system 206 and stored by the storage and / or pipeline 208 as discussed above.

[0094] Additionally, downstream from the flash tank 642, the fluid circuit 650 includes a valve 662 and a flash tank 664. which separates phases into a steam 666along a fluid circuit 668 and a water 670 along a fluid circuit 672. The valve 662 may be an expansion valve configured to convert the water 648 into a water / vapor mixture prior to the flash tank 664. The fluid circuit 668 directs the steam 666 to a mixer 674. The fluid circuit 672 directs the water 670 to the heat exchanger 652 to convert the water 670 into steam 676, which then flows to the mixer 674. As noted above, the heat exchanger 652 is configured to transfer heat from the gas / steam mixture 644 in the fluid circuit 646 to the water 670 in the fluid circuit 672, thereby substantially heating and evaporating the water 670 into the steam 676. The mixer 674 is configured to combine and mix the steam 666 from the fluid circuit 668 with the steam 676 from the fluid circuit 672, thereby outputting a steam mixture 678.

[0095] The fluid circuit 650 then continues from the mixer 674 to a heat exchanger (e.g., recuperator) 680 of a heat pump system 26, 682, which includes a fluid circuit 684 extending between the heat exchanger 680 and a heat exchanger 686. In some embodiments, the fluid circuit 684 may include one or more heat pipes. The heat pump system 26, 682 is configured to transfer heat through the fluid circuit 684 from the heat exchanger 686 to the heat exchanger 680, thereby transferring heat to the steam mixture 678 to further heat the steam mixture 678 upstream from a flash tank 688 along the fluid circuit 650. The flash tank 688 is configured to separate phases into a steam 690 along a fluid circuit 692 and the water 236 along a fluid circuit 694. In certain embodiments, the steam 690 (e.g., as at least part of the steam 238) may be extracted and supplied to the sorbent-based gas capture system 250 via the steam circuit 246 and / or to the LP steam turbine 176 of the steam turbine system 14 via the steam circuit 240. However, all or part of the steam 690 may continue to flow through the fluid circuit 692 to a compressor (e.g., vapor compressor) 696. The compressor 696 is configured to compress the steam 690, thereby increasing a pressure and temperature of the steam 690. The steam 690 may continue to flow through the fluid circuit 692 to the heat exchanger 686 of the heat pump system 26, 682. The heat exchanger 686 is configured to transfer heat away from the steam 690 to a fluid 698 circulating in the fluid circuit 684, thereby heating the fluid 698 and cooling the steam 690 to generate a cooled fluid 700. Thus, the heat pump system 26, 682 may be an open-loop vapor compression heat pump system including the heatexchangers 680 and 686, the flash tank 688, and the compressor 696. The cooled fluid 700 may include the steam 238, which may be supplied to the sorbent-based gas capture system 250 via the steam circuit 246 and / or to the LP steam turbine 176 of the steam turbine system 14 via the steam circuit 240. The fluid 698 (e.g., heated fluid) in the fluid circuit 684 also transfers heat to the steam mixture 678 in the heat exchanger (e.g., recuperator) 680 as discussed above. Thus, the heat pump system 26. 682 is configured to help transfer heat throughout the fluid circuit 640 (e.g.. fluid circuit 650) for enhanced waste heat recovery and steam generation suitable for use in the sorbent-based gas capture system 250 and the steam turbine system 14. In certain embodiments, the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 may include one or more of the heat pump systems 26, such as 1, 2. 3, 4, 5, or more heat pump systems or stages throughout the fluid circuit 640.

[0096] FIG. 8 is a schematic of an embodiment of the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 of FIGS. 1-5, further illustrating an embodiment of the WHR system 24 and the heat pump system 26 for use with the gas capture system 20 (e.g., sorbent-based gas capture system 250) and the steam turbine system 14. Accordingly, the embodiment of FIG. 8 is described in context of the foregoing description of FIGS. 1-5. In the illustrated embodiment, the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 includes a fluid circuit 720 that receives the gas / steam mixture 232 from the gas capture system 20 (e.g., sorbent-based gas capture system 250), wherein the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 is configured to recover heat from the gas / steam mixture 232, separate the captured gas 204 (e.g., CO2) and the water 236 from the gas / steam mixture 232. and generate the steam 238 for use in the sorbent-based gas capture system 250 via the steam circuit 246 and / or to the LP steam turbine 176 of the steam turbine system 14. In the illustrated embodiment, the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 includes a plurality of open-loop vapor compression heat pump stages 722 (e.g., stages 724, 726, and 728).

[0097] In the illustrated embodiment, the fluid circuit 720 may include a component 730 configured to receive the gas / steam mixture 232 from the sorbentbased gas capture system 250. wherein the component 730 separates water 732 fromthe gas / steam mixture 232. The component 730 may include a separator, such as a gravity separator, a centrifugal separator, or a combination thereof. The component 730 outputs the water 732 through a fluid circuit 734 to a cooler or cooling heat exchanger 736, which cools the water 732 for further use in the HRSG 16, the steam turbine system 14, the gas treatment system 18, and / or the WHR system 24. The component 730 also outputs the gas / steam mixture 232 through a fluid circuit 738 to the plurality of open-loop vapor compression heat pump stages 722 (e.g., stages 724, 726, and 728).

[0098] The fluid circuit 720 includes a plurality of flash tanks, including flash tanks 740, 742, 744, 746, 748. and 750. The flash tanks may include a tank or drum, which causes a pressure drop in the incoming flow, thereby causing flash evaporation into a vapor stream while also discharging a liquid stream. The fluid circuit 720 also includes a plurality of heat exchanges, including heat exchangers 752, 754. and 756 and coolers or cooling heat exchangers 736 and 758. The fluid circuit 720 also includes a plurality of compressors (e.g., vapor compressors), including compressors 760, 762, and 764. The fluid circuit 720 also includes a plurality of mixers (e.g., fluid mixers), including mixers 766 and 768. The fluid circuit 720 also includes one or more splitters (e.g., fluid splitters), including splitter 770. The fluid circuit 720 also includes a plurality of valves, including valves 772. 774, and 776. Each of the plurality of open-loop vapor compression heat pump stages 722 includes at least one of the flash tanks followed by one of the compressors. Additionally, the heat exchangers are arranged to transfer heat between the various flows downstream and / or upstream relative to the flash tanks. Additional details of the fluid circuit 720 are discussed below.

[0099] The flash tank 740 is configured to separate the gas / steam mixture 232 into a gas / steam mixture 778 along a fluid circuit 780 and water 782 along a fluid circuit 784. For example, the flash tank 740 causes a pressure drop in the incoming gas / steam mixture 232, thereby causing a flash evaporation of the gas / steam mixture 232 to generate outputs of the gas / steam mixture 778 and the water 782.

[0100] Downstream from the flash tank 740, the fluid circuit 780 includes the heat exchanger 752 and the flash tank 744, which separates phases into a gas / steam mixture 784 along a fluid circuit 786 and a water 788 along a fluid circuit 790. The heat exchanger 752 is configured to cool and at least partially condense the gas / steam mixture 778 by transferring heat from the gas / steam mixture 778 in the fluid circuit 780 to the water 782 in the fluid circuit 784. The heat exchange in the heat exchanger 752 also heats the water 782 in the fluid circuit 784. In certain embodiments, the cooling by the heat exchanger 752 may help to at least partially condense the gas / steam mixture 778 into a fluid (e.g., partially condensed fluid) upstream from the flash tank 744. The flash tank 744 causes a pressure drop in the incoming fluid, thereby causing a flash evaporation of the fluid to generate outputs of the gas / steam mixture 784 and the water 788. The fluid circuit 780, continuing with the flash tank 744, will be discussed in further detail below.

[0101] Additionally, downstream from the flash tank 740, the fluid circuit 784 includes the valve 772 and the flash tank 742, which separates phases into a steam 792 along a fluid circuit 794 and a water 796 along a fluid circuit 798. The valve 772 may be an expansion valve configured to convert the water 782 into a water / vapor mixture prior to the flash tank 742. The fluid circuit 794 directs the steam 792 to the mixer 766. The fluid circuit 798 directs the water 796 to the heat exchanger 752 to convert the water 796 into steam 800, which then flow's to the mixer 766. As noted above, the heat exchanger 752 is configured to transfer heat from the gas / steam mixture 778 in the fluid circuit 780 to the water 796 in the fluid circuit 798, thereby substantially heating and evaporating the water 796 into the steam 800. The mixer 766 is configured to combine and mix the steam 792 from the fluid circuit 794 with the steam 800 from the fluid circuit 798, thereby outputting a steam mixture 802. The fluid circuit 784 then continues from the mixer 766 to the compressor (e.g., vapor compressor) 760. The compressor 760 is configured to compress the steam mixture 802, thereby increasing a pressure and temperature of the steam mixture 802. The fluid circuit 784 then continues from the compressor 760 to the mixer 768, which receives and mixes multiple supplies of water and / or steam, including the steam mixture 802 from the fluid circuit 784. The mixer 768 outputs a steam 804 (e.g.,steam 238) via a steam circuit 806, which may be coupled to the sorbent-based gas capture system 250 via the steam circuit 246 and / or to the LP steam turbine 176 of the steam turbine system 14 via the steam circuit 240. However, the fluid circuit 784 may be integrated in any manner with the combined cycle system 10 as discussed above. In certain embodiments, the fluid circuit 784 having the flash tanks 740 and 742 and the compressor 760 may represent one of the plurality of open-loop vapor compression heat pump stages 722 (e.g.. the stage 724).

[0102] Returning to the flash tank 744, the fluid circuits 786 and 790 may extend separately betw een the flash tank 744 and the heat exchanger 754 to facilitate heat transfer in heat exchanger 754. For example, the heat exchanger 754 may be configured to transfer heat from the gas / steam mixture 784 in the fluid circuit 786 to the water 788 in the fluid circuit 790, thereby cooling and / or partially condensing the gas / steam mixture 784 to produce a cooled fluid 808 (e.g., cooled gas / steam / water mixture) while heating and / or partially evaporating the water 788 to produce a heated fluid 810 (e.g., heated water). The heated fluid 810 may then flow into the flash tank 746, which is configured to separate phases into a steam 812 along a fluid circuit 814 and a water 816 along a fluid circuit 818. The steam 812 continues along the fluid circuit 814 to the compressor 762, which is configured to compress the steam 812 and output a compressed steam 820 along a fluid circuit 822. The fluid circuit 822 is coupled to the mixer 768 as discussed above. Accordingly, the compressed steam 820 in the fluid circuit 822 mixes with other water and steam supplies in the mixer 768, which then outputs the steam 804 (e.g., steam 238) via the steam circuit 806. In certain embodiments, the fluid circuits 780, 790, 810, 814, and 822 having the flash tanks 740, 744, and 746 and the compressor 762 may represent one of the plurality of open-loop vapor compression heat pump stages 722 (e.g., the stage 726).

[0103] Returning to the flash tank 746, the fluid circuit 818 may include the valve 776, the heat exchanger 756, and the flash tank 748. The valve 776 may be an expansion valve configured to convert the water 816 into a water / vapor mixture 824 prior to the heat exchanger 756 and the flash tank 748. The heat exchanger 756 is configured transfer heat between the water / vapor mixture 824 along the fluid circuit 818 and the cooled fluid 808 (e.g.. cooled gas / steam / water mixture) along the fluidcircuit 786. For example, the heat exchanger 756 may be configured to transfer heat from the cooled fluid 808 (e.g.. cooled gas / steam / water mixture) to the water / vapor mixture 824. thereby further cooling the cooled fluid 808 and further heating and / or evaporating the water / vapor mixture 824. The fluid circuit 786 may then direct the cooled fluid 808 from the heat exchanger 756 to the cooling heat exchanger 758, which is configured to further cool the cooled fluid 808 via heat exchange with air, water, or another coolant. The fluid circuit 786 then directs the cooled fluid 808 from the cooling heat exchanger 758 to the flash tank 750, which is configured to separate phases into the captured gas 204 (e.g., CO2) along a fluid circuit 826 and a water 828 along a fluid circuit 830. The gas 204 may then be compressed by the compression system 206 and stored by the storage and / or pipeline 208 as discussed above. The water 828 may be routed through the fluid circuit 830 to the splitter 770, which may split the fluid circuit 830 into a fluid circuit 832 directing a portion of the water 828 to the mixer 768 for combination with the steam supplies, and a fluid circuit 834 directing a portion of the water 828 for use elsewhere in the HRSG 16, the steam turbine system 14, the gas capture systems 20. or any combination thereof.

[0104] Returning to the flash tank 748, the flash tank 748 is configured to separate phases into a steam 836 along a fluid circuit 838 and a water 840 along a fluid circuit 842. The fluid circuit 842 may supply the water 840 to the HRSG 16, the steam turbine system 14, the gas capture system 20, or any combination thereof. The fluid circuit 838 directs the steam 836 to the compressor 764, which is configured to compress the steam 836 and output a compressed steam 844 along a fluid circuit 846. The fluid circuit 846 couples to the mixer 768, such that the fluid circuit 846 supplies the compressed steam 844 to the mixer 768. The mixer 768 mixes the compressed steam 844 from the compressor 764, the compressed steam 820 from the compressor 762, the compressed steam from the compressor 760, and the water 832 from the splitter 770 to generate the steam 804 as discussed above. In certain embodiments, the fluid circuits 780, 790, 818. 838, and 846 having the flash tanks 740, 744. 746. and 748 and the compressor 766 may represent one of the plurality of open-loop vapor compression heat pump stages 722 (e.g., the stage 728). In certain embodiments, the plurality of open-loop vapor compression heat pump stages 72 mayinclude a three-stage open-loop vapor compression heat pump system as illustrated in FIG. 8. a two-stage open-loop vapor compression heat pump system, or a N-stage open-loop vapor compression heat pump system, wherein N equals 1, 2. 3, 4. 5, or more.

[0105] Technical effects of the invention include the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 configured to recover waste heat, generate steam, and separate undesirable gases from steam downstream from a gas capture system 20 (e.g., sorbent-based gas capture system 250). The gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 may include flash tanks, compressors, heat exchangers, or any combination thereof, in one or more stages. For example, the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 may include the WHR system 24 configured to use waste heat in the gas / steam mixture 232 output by the gas capture system 20 to generate steam 238 for the gas capture system 20 and / or the steam turbine system 14. By further example, the gas / steam separator and steam generator system 22 may include the heat pump system 26 having one or more open-loop vapor compression heat pump systems or stages, each having a sequence of at least one or more flash tanks, heat exchangers, and compressors. Accordingly, through one or more stages of the heat pump system 26, the gas 204 (e.g., CO2) can be captured from the gas / steam mixture 232 while also recovering heat and generating additional steam 238.

[0106] The subject matter described in detail above may be defined by one or more clauses, as set forth below.

[0107] A system includes a gas capture system having a first adsorber with a first sorbent material, wherein the first sorbent material is configured to adsorb an undesirable gas from a gas flow during an adsorption mode, and the first sorbent material is configured to desorb the undesirable gas into a steam flow to generate a gas / steam mixture during a desorption mode. The system further includes a postdesorption processor configured to receive the gas / steam mixture. The postdesorption processor is configured recover waste heat from the gas / steam mixture, separate the gas / steam mixture into the undesirable gas and water, and generate steam. The post-desorption processor is further configured to supply the steam through atleast one steam circuit to the gas capture system, a steam turbine system, or a combination thereof.

[0108] The system of the preceding clause, wherein the gas flow includes an exhaust gas generated from a combustion system.

[0109] The system of any preceding clause, including a gas turbine system having the combustion system, an electrical generator driven by the gas turbine system, or a combination thereof.

[0110] The system of any preceding clause, wherein the gas capture system is a carbon capture system.

[0111] The system of any preceding clause, wherein the undesirable gas includes carbon dioxide (CO2).

[0112] The system of any preceding clause, wherein the post-desorption processor includes a waste heat recover}’ (WHR) system, a vapor compression heat pump system, or a combination thereof.

[0113] The system of any preceding clause, wherein the post-desorption processor is configured to direct the water through a fluid circuit having a deaerator.

[0114] The system of any preceding clause, wherein the fluid circuit further includes a heat exchanger, a flash tank, and an additional vapor compression heat pump system.

[0115] The system of any preceding clause, wherein the post-desorption processor is configured to supply the steam through the at least one steam circuit to the gas capture system.

[0116] The system of any preceding clause, wherein the post-desorption processor is configured to supply the steam through the at least one steam circuit to the steam turbine system.

[0117] The system of any preceding clause, wherein the post-desorption processor includes at least one flash tank and at least one heat exchanger.

[0118] The system of any preceding clause, wherein the at least one flash tank is configured to separate the gas / steam mixture into a gas / steam flow and a water flow, and the at least one heat exchanger is configured to transfer heat between the gas / steam flow and the water flow.

[0119] The system of any preceding clause, wherein the post-desorption processor includes at least one vapor compressor configured to compress steam.

[0120] The system of any preceding clause, wherein the post-desorption processor includes a first stage having a first flash tank upstream from a first vapor compressor.

[0121] The system of any preceding clause, wherein the post-desorption processor includes a second stage having a second flash tank upstream from a second vapor compressor.

[0122] The system of any preceding clause, wherein the post-desorption processor includes a third stage having a third flash tank upstream from a third vapor compressor.

[0123] A method includes controlling a gas capture system having a first adsorber with a first sorbent material, wherein controlling the gas capture system includes adsorbing an undesirable gas into the first sorbent material from a gas flow during an adsorption mode, and desorbing the undesirable gas from the first sorbent material into a steam flow to generate a gas / steam mixture during a desorption mode. The method further includes controlling a post-desorption processor to process the gas / steam mixture, wherein controlling the post-desorption processor includes recovering waste heat from the gas / steam mixture, separating the gas / steam mixture into the undesirable gas and water, generating steam, and supplying the steam through at least one steam circuit to the gas capture system, a steam turbine system, or a combination thereof.

[0124] The method of the preceding clause, wherein controlling the postdesorption processor includes flowing the gas / steam mixture through a fluid circuit having at least one flash tank, at least one heat exchanger, and at least one vapor compressor.

[0125] The method of any preceding clause, wherein controlling the postdesorption processor includes flowing the gas / steam mixture through a fluid circuit having a plurality of stages, wherein each stage of the plurality of stages has a flash tank upstream from a vapor compressor.

[0126] A system includes a controller having a processor, a memory, and instructions stored on the memory and executable by the process to control a gas capture system having a first adsorber having a first sorbent material. The control of the gas capture system includes adsorbing an undesirable gas into the first sorbent material from a gas flow during an adsorption mode, and desorbing the undesirable gas from the first sorbent material into a steam flow to generate a gas / steam mixture during a desorption mode. The controller is further configured to control a postdesorption processor to process the gas / steam mixture. The control of the postdesorption processor includes recovering waste heat from the gas / steam mixture, separating the gas / steam mixture into the undesirable gas and water, generating steam, and supplying the steam through at least one steam circuit to the gas capture system, a steam turbine system, or a combination thereof.

[0127] This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. A system, comprising: a gas capture system, comprising: a first adsorber having a first sorbent material, wherein the first sorbent material is configured to adsorb an undesirable gas from a gas flow during an adsorption mode, and the first sorbent material is configured to desorb the undesirable gas into a steam flow to generate a gas / steam mixture during a desorption mode; and a post-desorption processor configured to receive the gas / steam mixture, wherein the post-desorption processor is configured recover waste heat from the gas / steam mixture, separate the gas / steam mixture into the undesirable gas and w ater, and generate steam, wherein the post-desorption processor is configured to supply the steam through at least one steam circuit to the gas capture system, a steam turbine system, or a combination thereof.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the gas flow comprises an exhaust gas generated from a combustion system.

3. The system of claim 2, comprising a gas turbine system having the combustion system, an electrical generator driven by the gas turbine system, or a combination thereof.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the gas capture system is a carbon capture system.

5. The system of claim 4. wherein the undesirable gas comprises carbon dioxide (CO2).

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the post-desorption processor comprises a waste heat recovery (WHR) system, a vapor compression heat pump system, or a combination thereof.

7. The system of claim 6. wherein the post-desorption processor is configured to direct the water through a fluid circuit having a deaerator.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the fluid circuit further comprises a heat exchanger, a flash tank, and an additional vapor compression heat pump system.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the post-desorption processor is configured to supply the steam through the at least one steam circuit to the gas capture system.

10. The system of claim 1. wherein the post-desorption processor is configured to supply the steam through the at least one steam circuit to the steam turbine system.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein the post-desorption processor comprises at least one flash tank and at least one heat exchanger.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one flash tank is configured to separate the gas / steam mixture into a gas / steam flow and a water flow, and the at least one heat exchanger is configured to transfer heat between the gas / steam flow and the water flow.

13. The system of claim 11, wherein the post-desorption processor comprises at least one vapor compressor configured to compress steam.

14. The system of claim 1. wherein the post-desorption processor comprises a first stage having a first flash tank upstream from a first vapor compressor.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein the post-desorption processor comprises a second stage having a second flash tank upstream from a second vapor compressor.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein the post-desorption processor comprises a third stage having a third flash tank upstream from a third vapor compressor.

17. A method, comprising: controlling a gas capture system comprising a first adsorber having a first sorbent material, wherein controlling the gas capture system comprises adsorbing an undesirable gas into the first sorbent material from a gas flow during an adsorption mode, and desorbing the undesirable gas from the first sorbent material into a steam flow to generate a gas / steam mixture during a desorption mode; and controlling a post-desorption processor to process the gas / steam mixture, wherein controlling the post-desorption processor comprises recovering waste heat from the gas / steam mixture, separating the gas / steam mixture into the undesirable gas and water, generating steam, and supplying the steam through at least one steam circuit to the gas capture system, a steam turbine system, or a combination thereof.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein controlling the post-desorption processor comprises flowing the gas / steam mixture through a fluid circuit having at least one flash tank, at least one heat exchanger, and at least one vapor compressor.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein controlling the post-desorption processor comprises flowing the gas / steam mixture through a fluid circuit having a plurality of stages, wherein each stage of the plurality of stages has a flash tank upstream from a vapor compressor.

20. A system, comprising: a controller having a processor, a memory, and instructions stored on the memory and executable by the process to: control a gas capture system comprising a first adsorber having a first sorbent material, wherein the control of the gas capture system comprises adsorbing an undesirable gas into the first sorbent material from a gas flow during an adsorption mode, and desorbing the undesirable gas from the first sorbent material into a steam flow to generate a gas / steam mixture during a desorption mode; and control a post-desorption processor to process the gas / steam mixture,wherein the control of the post-desorption processor comprises recovering waste heat from the gas / steam mixture, separating the gas / steam mixture into the undesirable gas and water, generating steam, and supplying the steam through at least one steam circuit to the gas capture system, a steam turbine system, or a combination thereof.

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