Charging mode switching charging system for energy stores to be charged

Abstract

The present invention relates to a charging mode switching charging system (1) for energy stores to be charged, in particular on a new type of multicontact charging plug (2) for preferred use for charging electric vehicles on land, air and water. The new multicontact charging plug (2) is designed such that it can be handled more efficiently and easily than existing plugs in that during the charging process, it is possible to switch dynamically between direct (DC) and alternating current mode (AC). The invention aims to provide owners of electric vehicles with situation-related and efficient charging possibilities and promote the broad acceptance of electric vehicles by overcoming bottlenecks during processing at fast-charge points which are explicitly operated with direct current (DC), by user-controlled switching between DC and alternating current / three-phase alternating current (AC), which makes it possible to switch to other charging possibilities.

Description

[0001] CHARGING MODE SWITCHING SYSTEM FOR ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS TO BE CHARGED

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present invention relates to a charging mode switching charging system (1) for energy storage devices to be charged, in particular to a multi-contact charging plug (2) for use in charging an energy storage device of electric vehicles. The multi-contact charging plug (2) is designed to be more efficient and easier to handle than existing plugs by being able to switch between direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) operation and / or vice versa. The invention is intended to offer electric vehicle owners situation-appropriate and efficient charging options and promote the widespread acceptance of electric vehicles by eliminating bottlenecks in the distribution of rapid charging stations that are explicitly operated with direct current (DC) through user-controlled switching between DC and alternating current / three-phase alternating current (AC), thereby enabling switching to other charging options.

[0004] STATE OF THE ART

[0005] Charging energy storage systems is an essential component of numerous current technologies. Adaptive provision of charging power is particularly important here, with the optimal charging power depending on several factors, particularly the total capacity, the nature and current charge level of the battery, as well as the available charging time and the form in which the charging power is provided.

[0006] Charging connectors are ports used to connect an electrical device, such as an electric vehicle (EV), preferably an electric vehicle on land, water, or air, to a charging source, such as a charging station, to recharge the vehicle's battery. These connectors come in various shapes and sizes, depending on the region and type of charging system used, and should be designed to safely and efficiently transfer power from the charging station to the EV's battery.

[0007] The power can be transferred in two different ways. Specifically for electric vehicles, there are two relevant charging modes: AC (alternating current) charging and DC (direct current) charging. AC plugs are used for slower charging, typically at home or in public places such as parking lots, while DC plugs are used for faster charging, typically at dedicated rapid charging stations. Direct current (DC) charging modes offer higher power and can charge the battery directly, which offers a time advantage, but are technically more complex to install and, due to the higher requirements placed on charging stations, represent a barrier to the widespread adoption of this technology.

[0008] AC plugs are either Type 1 or Type 2 depending on the region. Type 1 plugs are used primarily in North America, while Type 2 plugs are used throughout Europe and other parts of the world. These plugs are designed to transmit power at lower voltages and amperages.

[0009] DC plugs, on the other hand, typically use a CHAdeMO or Combined Charging System (CCS) connector. CHAdeMO is a Japanese standard widely used in Asia and Europe, while CCS is a global standard increasingly popular in North America and Europe. These plugs are designed to transmit power with higher voltage and amperage, enabling faster charging times.

[0010] Electric vehicle charging connectors are therefore a crucial component of the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles and play an important role in the widespread introduction of electric vehicles. The systems deployed regionally vary:

[0011] American car plugs are typically designed for use with AC charging systems and often use a J1772 connector. This plug has five prongs, including two for AC power, two for data communications, and one for safety grounding. American car charging plugs typically operate at 120 or 240 volts and are primarily used in North America. Asian car charging outlets, on the other hand, often use a CHAdeMO plug for DC charging. This plug has four prongs and is designed for high-power operation, allowing for faster charging times. Asian car charging plugs are used primarily in Japan, but also in other parts of Asia and Europe. European car charging plugs are typically designed for use with AC charging systems and often use a Type 2 connector (also known as a Mennekes connector, Fig 1).This plug has seven pins, including three for AC power, two for data communication, and two for safety grounding. European car charging plugs typically operate at 230 V or 400 V and are used throughout Europe.

[0012] While American, Asian, and European car chargers differ in terms of their connectors and voltage requirements, efforts have been made to standardize electric vehicle charging systems worldwide. For example, the Combined Charging System (CCS) is a standard widely used in both Europe and North America, offering both AC and DC charging options, and is defined by the IEC 62196 standard. This standard helps ensure that electric vehicles can be charged with a variety of different charging systems, regardless of their origin or manufacturer.

[0013] IEC 62196-1 is a technical standard that specifies requirements and test methods for plugs, socket-outlets, connectors, and cables for electric vehicles intended for use with electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The standard defines various parameters and characteristics that chargers must meet to ensure safe and reliable operation. These include the maximum voltage, current, and power that the charger can deliver, as well as requirements for communication protocols, electrical safety, and electromagnetic compatibility. One of the most important parts of the IEC 62196-1 standard is the definition of a standard plug for AC charging systems, the so-called Type 2 plug (also known as a Mennekes plug, Fig. 1). This plug is widely used in Europe and is compatible with most AC charging stations. In Europe, in addition to the single-phase AC mode (which, among others,In addition to the standard AC mode (common in the USA), a three-phase AC mode can also be used, which enables higher power and therefore shorter charging times. In Europe, the CCS Combo 2 standard is established, which adds two contacts for DC charging to the Type 2 plug (Mennekes) compatible charging plug. CCS1 is the standard mainly used in North America. It uses the Type 1 AC charging plug (SAE J1772) as a base and adds two additional DC contacts for rapid charging functions. The CCS1 plug was developed in accordance with the North American power grid and vehicle systems and is standardized according to ISO / IEC 62196-3 for the DC part and SAE J1772 for the AC part of the plug.

[0014] A major disadvantage is that there is no provision for switching between DC and AC operating modes. End users generally prefer DC mode to save time, which places greater strain on the charging infrastructure. Furthermore, at high charging capacities (e.g., above 80%), the charging speeds of DC charging approach those of AC charging, thus negating this advantage.

[0015] The cooled battery can also only be charged at AC speeds, which is why DC mode offers no advantages. AC speeds refer to throttled speeds in DC mode, but the energy used for charging is provided by direct current, which requires additional conversion and prevents the rapid charging capabilities of a DC charging station from being fully utilized.

[0016] In all of the above-mentioned systems, the charging mode is determined by the plug selection, not by the user. On the other hand, when AC mode is selected, the faster DC mode may be required by the user due to external circumstances. Such on-the-fly switching is not currently implemented. The choice of plug determines the charging mode, or the charging station predetermines the switching between DC and AC mode, as with the CCS Combo 2 charging plugs.

[0017] The Combined Charging System (CCS) is designed to allow both AC and DC charging, but these two charging methods cannot be used simultaneously. With AC charging, the vehicle's onboard charger converts the AC power from the grid into DC power to charge the battery. With DC fast charging, however, the charging station supplies the battery with DC power directly, bypassing the vehicle's onboard charger.

[0018] The CCS charging plug and charging port are designed to automatically switch between AC and DC charging, depending on the charging station's supply. When connected to a DC fast charger, the AC ports are not used, and vice versa. The communication protocol between the vehicle and the charging station ensures that the correct type of current is delivered for charging.

[0019] This also represents an economic disadvantage for operators, as the installed charging infrastructure is not used efficiently, and more costly DC-mode fast charging stations are used for hardware reasons (determined by the available charging plugs / cables), even though conditions would allow AC charging. At the same time, the electric vehicle user is limited in their choice and the vehicle's usability in the event of a sudden charging need is restricted.

[0020] TASK

[0021] The present invention is therefore based on the technical object of providing a charging mode switching charging system (1) having at least one multi-contact charging plug (2) which, when used as intended, enables switching between direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) for charging. It should be possible to react dynamically and intelligently to external circumstances by controlling the charging mode. In previous solutions, this is determined by the choice of cable or charging plug integrated into a charging station, which leads to inefficient use of the infrastructure required for the spread of electric vehicles. This results in higher costs for operators and bottlenecks for users, who have to resort to inflexible solutions such as multiple sets of charging cables or adapters.

[0022] SOLUTION

[0023] According to the invention, this object is achieved by a universal charging mode switching charging system (1), preferably CCS Combo Standard compatible, comprising at least one multi-contact charging plug (2) for connecting a charge source to an energy storage device to be charged, characterized in that the multi-contact charging plug (2) has two segments, in particular consists of them, comprising at least: a first segment, each preferably comprising at least 5 poles, particularly preferably 7 poles, which can be operated in alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) mode, a second segment, comprising two poles that enable charging in DC mode with high power in interaction with the first segment or instead of the first segment, the charging mode switching charging system has switching electronics, whereby the charging mode switching charging system can be operated optionally in DC or AC mode, the charging mode switching charging system (1) is designed toto efficiently charge the energy storage device to be charged selectively and dynamically controlled with alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC); the charging mode switching charging system comprises a means for determining and / or monitoring the current mains voltage and / or frequency, in particular a frequency meter and / or a voltmeter, and the charging mode switching charging system is configured to switch the charging mode between alternating current and direct current on the basis of a determined mains voltage and / or mains frequency.

[0024] The charging mode switching charging system (1) can preferably be used to charge energy storage devices to be charged, in particular electric vehicles that are operated predominantly on land and / or air and / or water. Within the meaning of the invention, energy storage devices to be charged are, in particular, energy storage devices designed for the direct storage and release of electrical energy, e.g., accumulators and battery cells. Energy storage devices to be charged also include vehicles and other devices that comprise an energy storage device to be charged, particularly preferably vehicles and devices that use an electrical energy storage device as their main energy source.

[0025] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the energy storage device to be charged is an electric vehicle, particularly preferably an electric land vehicle with an integrated accumulator, such as an electric and / or hybrid land vehicle.

[0026] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the invention provides a charging mode switching charging system (1) comprising at least one multi-contact charging plug (2) described above and a suitable charging cable (3), which is connected to a charging source, such as preferably a charging station and / or a wall box. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the charging mode switching charging system (1) can be permanently connected, in an alternative embodiment it can be connected to the charging source via a second multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention.

[0027] According to the invention, the multi-contact charging plug (2) has integrated switching electronics that allow the poles present in the first and second segments to be used for direct current or alternating current operation. This switching electronics is preferably integrated into the multi-contact charging plug (2) itself, but can also be arranged in the charging cable (3) or in the charging unit.

[0028] Preferably, the charging mode switching system comprises a charging station, wherein the charging mode switching system is permanently integrated into the charging station and the charging station is configured to control the switching of the charging process between DC and AC mode by means of the charging mode switching system.

[0029] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the switching electronics of the charging mode switching system are integrated into the charging station. The switching electronics can be designed in such a way that they enable the charging station to change the charging mode. This makes switching easy for the operator.

[0030] In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the charging mode switching charging system (1), which comprises at least one multi-contact charging plug (2), is compatible with the CCS Combo 1 or 2 standard and supplements the usual charging plugs by preferably at least 2, particularly preferably 4 poles, which can be operated optionally in DC or AC mode by means of switching electronics. Due to the compatibility with existing and widely used charging sockets on the energy storage devices to be charged, preferably electric vehicles, the invention can be integrated into the existing infrastructure with little effort, whereby the retrofitting of additional poles, which are already integrated on the vehicle or charging station side for compatibility reasons, enables a higher charging power than with previous charging cables.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the charging mode switching charging system (1), which comprises at least one multi-contact charging plug (2), is compatible with the CCS Combo 2 system and is supplemented by preferably at least 2, particularly preferably 4 poles, which can be operated selectively in DC or AC mode by means of switching electronics. Due to the compatibility with existing and widely used charging sockets on the energy storage devices to be charged, preferably electric vehicles, the invention can be integrated into the existing infrastructure with little effort. Retrofitting would at most be necessary on the software side by the vehicle manufacturer and represents only a minor hurdle, both in terms of effort and cost.

[0032] In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the charging mode switching system (1), which comprises at least one multi-contact charging plug (2), is compatible with the CCS Combo 1 system and supplements it with preferably at least two poles that can be operated selectively in DC or AC mode by means of switching electronics. Due to the compatibility with existing and widely used charging sockets on the energy storage devices to be charged, preferably electric vehicles, the invention can be integrated into the existing infrastructure with little effort. Retrofitting would at most be necessary on the software side of the vehicle manufacturer and represents only a minor hurdle, both in terms of effort and cost.

[0033] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, no software update is necessary, since the multi-contact charging plug (2) provides all the means necessary for intelligent switching of the charging mode. This can be achieved, for example, via a direct computing unit provided by the multi-contact charging plug (2) and / or in the charging mode switching charging system (1), which preferably provides an algorithmic or neural network-trained solution for switching the charging mode via a database system.

[0034] For the purposes of the invention, a direct computing unit is a computing unit that is located in the immediate vicinity of the charge mode switching charging system, preferably integrated into a charge mode switching charging system. This advantageously enables a compact design of the charge mode switching charging system. An integrated computing unit for the purposes of the invention can refer to a single or multiple microcontrollers, but also a system-on-chip or a computer system, such as a single-board computer. Preferably, the integrated computing unit also has a storage medium that is configured to store information for the computing unit in a retrievable manner. In particular, the storage medium serves to store at least one database for storing values, in particular frequency, voltage, current and / or temperature values.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention relating to the charging mode switching charging system (1), said system is preferably used for charging energy storage devices to be charged, particularly preferably for charging electric vehicles, such as vehicles which are predominantly used on land and / or in the air and / or on water.

[0036] Furthermore, the charging mode switching charging system (1) is preferably used for charging energy storage devices to be charged, in particular preferably for charging electric vehicles, particularly preferably electric land vehicles with an integrated accumulator, such as electric and / or hybrid land vehicles.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it comprises at least one multi-contact charging plug (2) and a charging cable (3) which has redundant cable wires and can also be switched between DC and AC mode.

[0038] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the charging mode switching charging system (1) has at least one multi-contact charging plug (2) which comprises a charging cable (3), wherein the charging cable (3) has redundant cable wires which can be operated switchably in DC or AC mode.

[0039] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the charging mode switching system (1) has a control unit, preferably embodied as a direct computing unit (4), which allows the user and / or the operator to switch between DC and AC mode and / or vice versa. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mode is controlled via the energy storage device to be charged, preferably an electric vehicle; in another embodiment, via a control unit on the cable connector; in a further preferred embodiment, via the charging unit.

[0040] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a controllable charging mode switching system (1) in which the user and / or operator can switch the charging mode from AC to DC and / or vice versa. The charging cable (3) has an electrical control unit with which the cable wires are used for AC or DC depending on the operation (see Fig. 3, center and right). Thus, a duplicate set of wires is not required. This reduces the weight of the cable, increases flexibility, and reduces costs.

[0041] Changing the operating mode (AC / DC or DC / AC) within the meaning of the invention requires that this process is controlled automatically or by a user.

[0042] Alternatively, the cable can also be designed with a double set of wires, one each for DC and AC mode. Control is preferably carried out via an integrated circuit, preferably via an integrated circuit provided by a direct processing unit. Switching between DC and AC can preferably be performed by the energy storage device to be charged, particularly preferably by a control unit on the multi-contact charging plug (2), or alternatively via a charging station connected to the system.

[0043] A preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a charging station which has at least one permanently integrated charging mode switching charging system (1) according to the invention with a charging cable (3) and a multi-contact charging plug (2), in which the operator and / or the user controls the charging process with DC or AC via the charging station.

[0044] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the charging mode switching charging system (1) via the charging unit and / or a control element and / or the energy storage device to be charged provides a possibility for the choice of charging process (DC or AC) to be made preferably by the operator and / or the vehicle and / or the user and to be based on external conditions such as temperature and charge level of the accumulator, available charging time and capacity and availability. This allows the charging infrastructure to be used efficiently, the accumulator of the charged system can be protected and the user is provided with a flexible charging option that can be based on external conditions. Since the charging mode (DC or AC) is no longer predetermined by the cable, the charging mode can be selected accordingly, which was not possible with previous solutions.

[0045] Further advantageous embodiments and developments emerge from the subclaims and from the description with reference to the figures.

[0046] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0047] The present invention is based on the finding that there is currently no solution in which the choice of charging mode (DC or AC) is determined by the choice of cable and not by the user or operator. This leads to a high degree of inflexibility for the user and to higher costs for the operator because the charging infrastructure is used inefficiently, e.g. because more expensive DC fast charging stations are blocked by chargers, preferably electric vehicles, which could also be charged in AC charging mode. This problem is solved by the development of a universal multi-contact charging plug (2), which is preferably compatible with charging plugs and sockets according to the CCS Combo 2 standard and can switch between DC and AC charging mode depending on the situation under user or operator control. This leads to lower costs for the operator and greater convenience and flexibility for the user.In addition, adapters or the use of different cables become unnecessary.

[0048] An electric vehicle, also referred to as an electric vehicle, is, within the meaning of the invention, a mobile means of traffic and / or transport (e.g., automobiles, motorcycles, watercraft, aircraft) that is designed to be driven at least partly or entirely by an electric motor. These are preferably means of traffic and / or transport for movement on roads or on land, but they can also include vehicles on water and / or in the air. A characteristic of an electric vehicle is that it has an electric motor powered by energy from a rechargeable battery.

[0049] In the following, an energy storage device to be charged is referred to as an electric vehicle. However, it is also possible to use the method disclosed herein for a different device comprising at least one rechargeable accumulator. Such a device can be, for example, a laptop, a tablet, or a smartphone. The following designation of the energy storage device to be charged as an electric vehicle is not to be understood as limiting. The present invention, a charging mode switching charging system (1), realizes this by providing at least one novel multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention, which is preferably used in conjunction with a suitable charging cable (3), which in a specific embodiment of the invention is connected to a charging source such as a charging station.

[0050] The charging mode switching system preferably also includes a charging station, or the charging mode switching system is permanently integrated into a charging station. The charging mode switching system includes switching electronics configured to enable the charging mode to be changed on the charging station side. The switching electronics can, for example, comprise control electronics configured to set the charging mode on the charging station side. The switching electronics can comprise relays configured to provide the charging power in the form of direct current or alternating current. The switching electronics can also include safety mechanisms configured to ensure the provision of the charging power during the charging process.

[0051] Particularly preferably, the switching electronics integrated into the charging station comprise an AC path and a DC path. Within the meaning of the invention, an AC path is a component of the power electronics of a charging station or forms the power electronics of the charging station, ensuring the supply of AC charging power to a device to be charged, as is present, for example, in conventional AC charging columns or AC charging stations or even in wallboxes. An AC path comprises, for example, at least one relay, control electronics for monitoring and controlling the charging process, a power source for the control unit and the at least one relay, as well as cabling and, if appropriate, a user interface.In the sense of the invention, a DC path is a component of the power electronics of a charging station or forms the power electronics of the charging station, which ensures the supply of a device to be charged with DC charging power, as is the case, for example, in common DC charging stations or DC charging columns, in particular in fast chargers.

[0052] Multi-contact charging plug (2)

[0053] The term "multi-contact charging plug (2)", alternatively also simply "charging plug", in the context of this invention refers to a part of a charging cable (3). In an alternative embodiment of the invention, part of the charging cable (3) is also part of a housing near the charging socket and / or power outlet. A second housing located in the immediate vicinity of the multi-contact charging plug (2) and connected to the plug itself via the cable also falls under the term "multi-contact charging plug (2)". The term "multi-contact charging plug (2) for charging cables" includes, in particular, all solutions suitable for accommodating the plug in the charging station and the energy storage device to be charged.

[0054] A charging socket within the meaning of the invention refers here to a device which is used to receive and contact a plug head, preferably a plug head provided by a multi-contact charging plug, such that a galvanic connection exists between the contact pins, also referred to as poles, of the multi-contact charging plug and the charging socket. The charging socket is in turn galvanically connected to an energy storage device to be charged or to a charging station, also referred to as a charging column, in such a way that, in a closed circuit, a current flows between the charging socket and the energy storage device to be charged or the charging column. The multi-contact charging plug is preferably used to connect the charging socket of an energy storage device to be charged to a charging column.with the charging socket of a charging station, so that the charging station is galvanically connected to the energy storage device to be charged and can provide it with electrical energy, so that the energy storage device to be charged is charged by the charging station via the multi-contact plug.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the multi-contact charging plug (2) can be connected to the charging socket of an energy storage device to be charged, preferably an electrically powered motor vehicle, particularly preferably a vehicle compatible with a Combined Charging System (CCS) Combo 2. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug (2) meets the requirements for charging with DC and / or AC for the current, voltage, and charging power according to IEC 62196-3.

[0056] In a further preferred embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug (2) fulfills the requirements for charging with DC and / or AC and complies with the requirements of the Type 1 AC charging plug (SAE J1772) by adding two, preferably three, and most preferably four additional DC power contacts for rapid charging functions. The multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention has means for compliance with the North American power grid and vehicle systems and is preferably standardized according to ISO / IEC 62196-3 for the DC part and SAE J1772 for the AC part of the plug.

[0057] In one embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention supports a current of preferably 30 to 80 A, more preferably at least 50 to 70 A in single-phase AC operation. In another embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention supports a current of preferably 30 to 70 A, more preferably at least 45 to 63 A in three-phase AC operation. The maximum operating voltage is preferably more than 200 V, more preferably more than 350 V, and most preferably more than 480 V.

[0058] The voltages and currents can be measured with an appropriately designed digital voltmeter (also voltage measuring device) and ammeter (also current measuring device); the specialist can choose a suitable device.

[0059] In another embodiment, the charging mode switching system (1) includes a cost tracking function that communicates with a database of electricity prices, which may vary depending on the time of day or the user's electricity tariff. The immediate computing unit (4) is programmed to access the current electricity tariffs and calculate the most cost-effective charging method.

[0060] The technical advantage of this cost tracking feature is the potential for significant cost savings. By automatically switching to the most cost-effective charging mode, the mode switching charging system (1 ) can take advantage of lower electricity tariffs during off-peak times or when renewable energy sources feed the grid, thus reducing the overall charging cost for the user.

[0061] Alternatively, some preferred embodiments may include the ability to communicate with local or national databases that track real-time electricity market prices. The immediate computing unit (4) can then adjust the charging mode based not only on cost but also on the availability of more environmentally friendly energy options, thus promoting environmentally friendly charging practices.

[0062] The technical advantage of integrating real-time market data is to improve smart grid capabilities, allowing users to participate in demand-reduction programs and charge their vehicles when it is most beneficial for both their wallets and the environment.

[0063] In a further embodiment, the charging mode switching system (1) is capable of transmitting the accrued charging costs via the communication interface to a central management system, preferably located on a remote computing unit used by fleet operators or EV charging station networks. This management system can track and manage the costs of charging multiple vehicles and provide detailed reports and analyses of energy consumption, cost patterns, and potential savings.

[0064] The technical advantage of this centralized cost management is streamlined operations for companies and public charging station operators. It enables the optimization of charging schedules for multiple vehicles and charging stations, leading to more efficient energy use and cost reductions on a larger scale.

[0065] In the context of the invention, a multi-contact charging plug (2) and charging socket is a plug with pins or teeth that can be plugged into a corresponding socket or outlet. The "male" plug is normally connected to the charging mode switching charging system (1) of the energy storage device to be charged, preferably an electric vehicle, and the "female" socket is located at the charging source, preferably a charging station and / or charging column. The "male" plug usually has exposed metal pins or prongs that are inserted into a corresponding set of sockets or holes on the female connector. The female connector, in turn, usually has a set of sockets or holes that correspond to the pins or prongs of the male plug.

[0066] In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the multi-contact charging plug (2) can be used with a suitable charging unit, preferably a charging station, particularly preferably a charging unit compatible with a CCS Combo 2.

[0067] In a further preferred embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug (2) can be connected to a charging facility installed in a private parking space, e.g., a wallbox, thus enabling charging at public fast-charging infrastructure, e.g., a charging station, as well as at private charging facilities without the use of a separate charging cable (3). By switching from DC to AC or vice versa, the user can use various charging options with one cable, enabling more flexible charging without having to carry various charging cables (3) or adapters.

[0068] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the multi-contact charging plug (2) can be designed as part of a charging mode switching charging system (1) (at least consisting of two multi-contact charging plugs (2) and a charging cable (3)) for connecting an energy storage device to be charged, preferably an electrically operated vehicle, particularly preferably a vehicle compatible with a Combined Charging System (CCS) Combo 2, to a suitable charging unit, preferably a charging station, particularly preferably a charging station compatible with a multi-contact charging plug (2) of the CCS Combo 2.

[0069] In a preferred embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention has male contacts. In an alternative embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention can have female contacts that are suitable for receiving protruding metal contacts and / or pins.

[0070] The multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention can also be provided in an embodiment with additional functions and features to offer users an improved charging experience. For example, the multi-contact charging plug (2) can be equipped with an integrated LED display that indicates the charge status of the energy storage device to be charged, preferably the electrically powered vehicle. The LED display can use different colors or flashing patterns to indicate various charging states, such as the start of charging, charging progress, charging end, or error messages.

[0071] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a multi-contact charging connector (2) is provided that includes a user-interactive display for dynamically switching between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) charging modes. The technical advantage of this embodiment is the improvement of user control and flexibility during charging. The display allows the user to manually select the charging mode that best suits their immediate needs, be it faster direct current charging or conventional alternating current charging. With this design, users can adapt to different charging situations and optimize their charging strategy for efficiency and convenience.

[0072] For the purposes of the invention, dynamic or dynamic switching means selecting the charging mode based on external circumstances, which can be performed by the user and / or the operator and / or automatically by the charging mode switching charging system. The switching process is temporally flexible and can be carried out at any time determined to be favorable by the user and / or the operator and / or automatically by the charging mode switching charging system. Both a single and multiple switching during the charging process is possible. Switching the charging mode is also not limited to changing from AC charging to DC charging, but also allows the current or voltage supply to be varied in the respective modes. For example, the DC charging mode can be selected as the charging mode and the charging power can be adjusted, for example, reduced or increased.Likewise, when AC mode is selected, the charging power can be reduced or increased. This advantageously allows the charging process to be optimally adapted to the user's needs or the current grid load. In another preferred embodiment, the charging plug, which preferably has a display, is equipped with a wireless communication module that enables remote switching between AC and DC charging mode via a smartphone or computer. The technical advantage of this embodiment is the additional convenience and adaptability in managing the charging process. Users can switch the charging mode remotely to take advantage of power peaks or, if necessary, initiate a rapid charge without physically interacting with the multi-contact charging plug (2).This feature automates and intelligently manages the charging process, which can lead to cost savings and longer battery life by optimizing charging times and rates.

[0073] In some preferred embodiments, the wireless communication module of the multi-contact charging plug (2) can also facilitate the receipt of firmware updates and the transmission of charging status notifications to the user's device. This has a twofold technical advantage: it ensures that the software of the multi-contact charging plug (2) is always up to date, and the charging process is monitored in real time. This can enhance the user experience by providing security through continuous updates and allowing the user to monitor and control the charging process even when not physically present at the charging location.

[0074] In a further embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug (2) can be equipped with an integrated temperature sensor that monitors the temperature in the area of ​​the plug and, if necessary, issues a warning or reduces the charging current to prevent overheating and potential damage to the components. This increases the safety and reliability of the charging process.

[0075] In another embodiment of the invention, the multi-contact charging plug (2) is equipped with an integrated temperature sensor that actively monitors the ambient temperature in the area of ​​the plug. If the sensor detects temperatures approaching the upper limits of safety standards, it triggers a warning message on the user interface and can automatically reduce the charging current. The technical advantage of this embodiment is the prevention of overheating, which increases the safety and reliability of the charging process. Through active temperature management, this function helps prevent thermal damage to the plug and vehicle components, ensuring a longer service life of the chargers and maintaining the integrity of the vehicle battery system.

[0076] In a further embodiment, the multi-contact charging connector (2) comprises an active cooling system for the charging cable (3). This cooling system could utilize liquid cooling, in which a non-conductive coolant circulates through channels within the cable to dissipate heat. The technical advantage of this cooling solution is that the optimal operating temperature can be maintained even at high charging currents, significantly reducing the risk of overheating and a potential fire hazard. Furthermore, this can enable a more compact cable design, as the effective cooling can manage the heat generated by higher currents without requiring larger cable diameters.

[0077] Alternatively, in some preferred embodiments, the multi-contact charging plug (2) features a Peltier cooling element for the pins within the plug. If the temperature sensor detects a temperature increase above a preset limit, the Peltier element is activated to dissipate heat from the pins. The technical advantage of this solution is the direct cooling of the contact points, which are critical hotspots during the charging process. This prevents thermal damage to the plug contacts and ensures a stable and efficient charging connection over time.

[0078] In another embodiment, a forced air cooling system can be integrated into the multi-contact charging connector (2). This forced air cooling system uses fans to circulate air around the pins and cable entries, thus improving heat dissipation. The technical advantage of this approach is its simplicity and effectiveness, particularly in environments where liquid cooling may not be possible. The recirculation system can be designed to activate only when needed based on temperature readings, saving energy and reducing noise when high cooling performance is not required. This design ensures that the multi-contact charging connector (2) operates within safe temperature ranges, protecting the electronic components from heat-related failures and maintaining the overall health of the charging system.

[0079] In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the multi-contact charging plug (2) is equipped with advanced sensor technology capable of detecting cable defects. The technical advantage of this function is the increased safety and reliability of the charging system. The sensors continuously monitor the integrity of the charging cable (3), and if a defect is detected, e.g., a break in the insulation or an exposed cable, the multi-contact charging plug (2), preferably via a display and / or the communication module, can warn the user and interrupt the charging process to avoid potential hazards. This proactive safety measure ensures that the risk of a short circuit and subsequent damage to the vehicle or charging equipment is significantly minimized.

[0080] In another embodiment, the multi-contact charging connector (2) is equipped with a cable disconnection detection system. The technical advantage of this detection system is the prevention of damage to the vehicle and the charging station. If the charging cable (3) is accidentally pulled or disconnected during the charging process, the detection system immediately detects the disconnection and safely interrupts the current flow. This rapid response prevents arcing and potential damage to the electrical contacts, which could otherwise lead to costly repairs and safety issues.

[0081] Furthermore, some preferred embodiments include a thermal monitoring system in the multi-contact charging plug (2) that can detect excessive heat build-up that could indicate a potential cable fire. The technical advantage of this embodiment is to improve user safety and property protection. If an abnormal temperature increase is detected that indicates a potential cable fire, the system can initiate a series of safety protocols, such as disconnecting the power supply, alerting the user via the interactive display or a connected device, and, if necessary, activating an integrated fire extinguishing system. This immediate response to a critical situation not only protects the user and the surrounding area from fire-related hazards but also contributes to the overall longevity of the charging system by preventing heat-related damage.

[0082] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the multi-contact charging plug (2) is provided with a communication module via which information can be exchanged between the energy storage device to be charged, preferably the electric vehicle, and the charging unit. For example, charge status data, vehicle identification data, or user data can be transmitted via this communication interface. The interface can be wired or wireless, for example via Bluetooth or WLAN. The communication interface can be embodied as a communication module, particularly suitable for communicating between a direct computing unit and a remote computing unit; therefore, the terms communication interface and communication module can be used interchangeably.

[0083] The multi-contact charging plug (2) can also be equipped with a communication interface, such as NFC (Near Field Communication) or Bluetooth, to enable wireless communication between the energy storage device being charged and the charging unit. This can be used, for example, for user authentication, for transmitting charging data, or for controlling the charging process.

[0084] In a further embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention can be modular in design, whereby various adapters or attachments can be used to adapt to different charging units or energy storage devices to be charged. This allows for greater flexibility and compatibility with different charging mode switching systems (1) and reduces the need to carry multiple charging cables (3) or plugs for different applications.

[0085] In yet another embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention can have an automatic locking function that securely connects the plug to the charging socket of the energy storage device to be charged during the charging process, thus preventing accidental disconnection of the multi-contact charging plug (2) during the charging process. The locking can be mechanical or electromagnetic and can be activated and deactivated by a suitable control, for example, via the communication system.

[0086] In a further embodiment of the invention, the multi-contact charging plug (2) comprises integrated switching electronics that allow the poles present in the first and second segments to be used for DC or AC mode. This switching electronics is preferably integrated into the multi-contact charging plug (2) itself, but can also be located in the charging cable (3) or the charging unit.

[0087] In a further preferred embodiment, the switching electronics are provided by a direct computing unit (4) which can control this switching electronics and thus control the switching between AC and DC charging mode.

[0088] “Controlling” in the sense of the present invention includes (but is not limited to) interrupting, pausing, resuming the charging process and in particular switching between direct current and alternating current charging mode.

[0089] In the context of the present invention, “control” includes influencing charging parameters such as charging power, charging duration and charging speed, preferably taking into account parameters as listed here, e.g. power grid utilization, user inputs, schedules and electricity costs.

[0090] In a further embodiment of the invention, the multi-contact charging plug (2) is designed to automatically select the appropriate charging mode (DC or AC) depending on the prevailing conditions, such as the available charging power, the battery charge level, and the remaining charging time. This automatic selection of the charging mode can be achieved through the use of sensors, microcontrollers, and / or algorithms integrated into the multi-contact charging plug (2), the charging cable (3), or the charging unit.

[0091] In a further embodiment of the invention, the multi-contact charging plug (2) is provided with a mechanical locking device that prevents accidental disconnection of the multi-contact charging plug (2) from the charging socket during the charging process. This locking device can, for example, consist of a locking lug and a corresponding recess in the charging socket, which engage when the multi-contact charging plug (2) is inserted.

[0092] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the multi-contact charging plug (2) is provided with a visual and / or acoustic display device that provides the user with information about the current charging status, the charging mode, or possible error conditions. This display device can, for example, consist of a multi-color LED or a display attached to the multi-contact charging plug (2) or the charging cable (3).

[0093] In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the multi-contact charging plug (2) has an integrated communication interface that enables information exchange between the charging energy storage device, preferably an electric vehicle, and the charging source, such as a charging station or a wallbox. This communication interface can be implemented, for example, based on CAN bus, LIN bus, Ethernet, or wireless communication technologies such as Bluetooth or WLAN.

[0094] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, communication takes place via powerline communication.

[0095] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the multi-contact charging plug (2) is further equipped with an integrated temperature sensor capable of monitoring the temperature of the multi-contact charging plug (2), the charging cable (3), and / or the charging socket during the charging process. This enables efficient control of the charging power to prevent overheating and potential damage to the components involved. The temperature sensor can be implemented, for example, on the basis of thermocouples, resistance thermometers (RTDs), or semiconductor sensors.

[0096] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the multi-contact charging plug (2) has a thermal monitoring device (temperature sensor) that allows the temperature of the terminals to be monitored during the charging process and, if necessary, to interrupt or adjust the charging process to prevent overheating. This monitoring device can consist, for example, of temperature sensors and a control unit that evaluates the measured temperature values ​​and sends corresponding control commands to the switching electronics.

[0097] Charging cable (3)

[0098] In the context of this invention, the term "charging cable (3)" refers to any type of electrical cable used to transmit electrical energy from a source to an energy storage device to be charged and connected to at least one multi-contact charging plug (2) within the meaning of the invention. The terms "charging cable (3)", "power cable", and "electrical cable", or simply "cable", are used synonymously.

[0099] Charging cables (3) typically consist of one or more conductors that are insulated from each other and provided with an outer sheath for protection. The conductors are made of highly electrically conductive materials, preferably copper or aluminum, and the insulation material is designed to prevent the flow of electrical current between the conductors or outside the cable.

[0100] In one embodiment of the present invention, the length of the charging cable (3) is preferably at least 4 m, particularly preferably 6 m, most preferably at least 7 m, but preferably no more than 20 m, more preferably no more than 15 m. This has the technical advantage that the user can appropriately select the location of the charging station and the parking space of the electric vehicle. A cable that is too short can limit the flexibility and convenience of the charging process, while a cable that is too long can cause an unnecessary voltage drop, leading to a longer charging time.

[0101] In a preferred embodiment, the charging cable (3) is designed to provide safety functions such as overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection, and ground fault protection to prevent electrical hazards. This has the technical benefit of protecting the electric vehicle and the charging mode switching system (1) from electrical faults such as short circuits, overloads, and ground faults that could cause damage or pose a safety risk. Methods for designing a cable with the corresponding requirements are known to those skilled in the art.

[0102] In a preferred embodiment, the conductor wires are separated and sufficiently insulated. The conductor wires are preferably made of a conductive metal with low resistance, particularly preferably aluminum or copper, for example.

[0103] In a preferred embodiment, the cable is designed for the maximum voltage of the charging mode switching charging system (1) to avoid damage or failures. In AC operation, it is preferably designed for 30 to 80 A, more preferably for at least 50 to 70 A in single-phase AC operation. In a further embodiment, the charging cable (3) according to the invention supports a current of preferably 30 to 70 A, more preferably at least 45 to 63 A in three-phase AC operation.

[0104] In a preferred embodiment, the cable is designed for the maximum voltage of the charging mode switching charging system (1) to avoid damage or failure. This ensures that the cable can handle the high voltage required for fast charging without overheating, causing a short circuit, or damaging the vehicle's battery system. In one embodiment, the maximum operating voltage of the charging cable (3) is preferably more than 200 V, more preferably more than 350 V, and most preferably more than 480 V.

[0105] The charging cable (3) according to the invention has a sufficient number of conductors to cover all contacts in all operating modes (DC or AC) (Fig. 3 left). To support both DC and AC operation, a double set of conductors is therefore required. This has the advantage that the conductors support different maximum voltages, currents, and power levels, allowing them to be designed with different thicknesses, which can save weight.

[0106] In a preferred embodiment, a simple set of wires is provided for the charging cable (3) (Fig. 3, center and right). The wires (N, L1, L2, L3 or +, +, -, -) are used interchangeably for either DC or AC mode. The advantage of this is that fewer wires are required in the cable, making the cable flexible and easy to handle. It is also easier to store and use. A flexible cable reduces the risk of damage or tangling and makes it more convenient to use.

[0107] Advantageously, in one embodiment of the invention, in which all contacts (Fig. 2) are used simultaneously, simultaneous use of DC and AC charging is possible, provided the electric vehicle has a corresponding converter. This could be advantageous for charging future vehicles with larger batteries, as it allows for a shorter charging time than is currently possible with the CCS Combo 2 standard.

[0108] Charging mode switching charging system (1)

[0109] The term “charging mode switching charging system (1)”, also referred to as “system” or “system of the invention”, refers in the context of this invention to the unit comprising at least one multi-contact charging plug (2) and preferably a charging cable (3) which connect an electric vehicle, preferably an electric car, to a power source, such as a charging station.

[0110] In particular, the charging mode switching system is configured to mediate the charging process with an energy storage device to be charged. For the purposes of the invention, mediating means that a charging power is provided and / or monitored and / or switched by the charging mode switching system, so that the energy storage device to be charged is supplied with energy efficiently and in a manner adapted to the external conditions. In this case, the charging mode switching system is particularly capable of switching the charging mode between AC charging and DC charging.

[0111] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the charging cable (3) uses modulations unconsciously introduced into the current or voltage signal, preferably within a range of less than 10% of the charging values, more preferably less than 5%, to detect an unusually high load on the power grid or charging station and automatically change and / or control the charging mode. This allows the charging mode to be intelligently adjusted, particularly in the event of disruptions or high load. Charging values ​​are the voltage and current values ​​selected in the selected charging mode (AC / DC) during the charging process.

[0112] Unintentionally introduced modulations can also be grid fluctuations, such as frequency fluctuations or voltage fluctuations. A drop in the grid voltage below the nominal voltage indicates high utilization of the electrical grid, while an increase in the grid voltage indicates overproduction in the energy supply. An increase in the grid frequency indicates overproduction in the energy supply, while a drop in the grid frequency indicates an undersupply from the electrical grid.According to the invention, the charging mode switching charging system is configured to adapt the charging mode to the situation of the supply network, so that in the event of overproduction, a charging mode is selected which transmits a high charging power to the energy storage device to be charged, while in the event of high utilization of the supply network, a charging mode is selected which transmits a low charging power to the energy storage device to be charged.

[0113] For the purposes of the invention, "unintentionally introduced" refers in particular to changes in the charging parameters that occur in response to current grid utilization and / or the utilization of charging capacities at a charging point, in particular a charging station, without the active intervention of an operator and / or user. For example, this includes a drop in the grid frequency and / or grid voltage during periods of high grid utilization. Such modulations can also be failures, in particular short-term failures, of the supply voltage, or short-term power or grid outages, which are referred to as transient faults. These transient faults often occur during load peaks when the power grid is overloaded and becomes more susceptible to disruptions. In these situations, sudden voltage drops or short circuits can occur, causing temporary interruptions in the flow of electricity and thus endangering the stability of the grid.

[0114] The charging mode switching charging system preferably further comprises at least one means for detecting a deviation of a grid parameter from the normal state, wherein the deviation manifests itself in the form of fluctuations in the grid frequency and / or grid voltage, and / or transient faults, and wherein the means is configured to detect fluctuations in the grid frequency and / or grid voltage and / or to detect transient faults. This may, in particular, comprise at least one means for detecting fluctuations, in particular a drop and / or increase in the grid frequency and / or grid voltage, and / or at least one means for detecting transient faults, as defined herein. Such a means preferably comprises at least one module for data acquisition, data processing, data communication, and data storage. Particularly preferably, it also comprises at least one module for user interaction and / or reporting.For example, such a means for detecting fluctuations, in particular a drop and / or rise in the grid frequency and / or grid voltage, and / or at least one means for detecting transient faults is a phasor measurement unit (PMU) and / or a digital event recorder (DER) and / or a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system. The use of such systems advantageously allows the charging mode switching charging system to receive information regarding the grid utilization during runtime, i.e. without a significant time delay, or with a time delay of 1 ms to 300 s, preferably 1 ms to 60 s, particularly preferably 1 ms to 1 s. This enables a rapid response to the current grid utilization.

[0115] For the purposes of the invention, a grid parameter refers to a parameter selected from the group of grid voltage and grid frequency. The normal state refers to the nominal values ​​applicable to the given supply grid, which may vary depending on the country or region, e.g., 50 Hz grid frequency and 230 V grid voltage for Germany, and 60 Hz grid frequency and 120 V grid voltage for the USA. A deviation from these nominal values ​​corresponds to a deviation from the normal state, with such a deviation preferably being registered when the grid voltage and / or grid frequency deviates from the nominal value by at least 10%, preferably by at least 5%, and particularly preferably by at least 1%.

[0116] According to a further embodiment, a deviation from the normal state can also be registered if at least one transient fault, as defined herein, is detected. Preferably, a deviation from the normal state is detected due to a temporal accumulation of transient faults. According to the invention, a temporal accumulation corresponds to the occurrence of more than one transient fault within 60 minutes, preferably more than one transient fault within 15 minutes, particularly preferably more than one transient fault within 5 minutes, and most particularly preferably more than one transient fault within 1 minute.

[0117] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the detected signal indicating high network utilization is provided in a form that can be read by a user and / or operator and / or automatically, in order to enable automated switching of the charging mode and / or adjustment of the charging parameters. Thus, the relevant information can be provided by the aforementioned systems in a form that can be read by a user and / or operator and / or automatically, so that switching of the charging mode and / or adjustment of the charging parameters can take place automatically. This shortens decision-making processes and information chains.

[0118] According to the invention, a signal indicating high grid utilization can be generated both by exceeding and / or falling below one or more threshold values ​​for grid frequency and / or grid voltage and also based on an analysis of the temporal progression of the grid frequency and / or grid voltage and / or grid outages. The signal can be generated automatically by a measuring unit and / or by subsequent evaluation using a computing unit. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the signal indicating high grid utilization is generated by the operator, in particular by an operator-side means for detecting signals indicating high grid utilization, wherein the means is configured to detect fluctuations in the grid frequency and / or grid voltage and / or to detect transient faults.Particularly preferably, a charging mode switching system has a communication interface to an operator-side system for monitoring grid utilization, e.g., a phasor measurement unit (PMU) and / or a digital event recorder (DER) and / or a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system. The charging mode switching system is configured to automatically receive a signal generated by an operator-side system for monitoring grid utilization and indicating high grid utilization, and to automatically switch the charging mode and / or change the charging parameters in response to this signal.Alternatively, the charging mode switching charging system is configured to send a message to a user and / or an operator upon receiving a signal generated by an operator-side system for monitoring grid utilization and indicating high grid utilization, so that the user and / or the operator is prompted to switch the charging mode and / or adjust the charging parameters. Advantageously, such data communication between an operator-side system for monitoring grid utilization and the charging mode switching charging system makes it possible to dispense with a redundant design of a means for detecting signals that indicate high grid utilization. Due to the high precision and the large number of operator-side monitoring options with regard to grid utilization, it is also ensured that local errors or errors linked to the monitoring means of the charging mode switching charging system are not detected during switching.Insignificant fluctuations in network utilization are corrected or given less weight when deciding whether to switch the charging mode and / or change the charging parameters.

[0119] The charging mode switching charging system is preferably designed such that it has a means for determining and / or monitoring the current mains voltage and / or frequency, in particular a voltmeter and / or a frequency sensor. A voltmeter is designed to determine, preferably continuously determine, a voltage on a supply line assigned to a supply network. According to a preferred embodiment, the determined value of the voltage is transmitted to a computing unit in such a way that the latter can read it out and evaluate it, in particular compare it with a target value. A frequency sensor is designed to determine, preferably continuously determine, a frequency of a supply network. According to a preferred embodiment, the determined value of the frequency is transmitted to a computing unit in such a way that the latter can read it out and evaluate it, in particular compare it with a target value.This allows for advantageous monitoring of grid utilization, particularly the grid voltage and / or grid frequency, during runtime. Monitoring multiple grid parameters also allows for faster detection of fluctuations or consideration of multiple relevant parameters. Furthermore, such a system, which also includes a voltmeter, is also advantageous for monitoring local and / or regional direct current grids.

[0120] For the purposes of the invention, a distinction is made between local and regional or global supply networks. A local supply network refers to the charging infrastructure within a charging point, e.g., the connection between individual charging stations and a common energy source, e.g., the regional supply network operated by external providers. A regional or global supply network refers to the entire supply network used to supply an area, e.g., a district and / or town, district, state, or country. A distinction can be made between local and regional or global network utilizations. The charging mode switching charging system can thus switch the charging mode and / or adjust the charging parameters in response to both local and global high network utilization.This advantageously ensures an adequate response to network congestion in both a local and global context.

[0121] According to a further embodiment, the charging mode switching charging system enables, in particular, the switching of the charging mode and / or changing of the charging parameters depending on the utilization of a local supply network and / or the planning of the charging times of one or more devices to be charged that are connected to a local supply network, in particular electric vehicles to be charged. A local supply network is preferably understood to mean a charging point, for example a charging point having several charging stations. The planning of the charging times is understood to mean, for example, a standstill time of a vehicle specified by a user and / or an automatic route planner and / or a duty roster. For example, it can be provided that a vehicle with a shorter standstill time is charged depending on or independently of the available charging capacity, orDepending on the charging point's utilization, a vehicle with a shorter idle time is assigned a charging mode with a higher energy transfer rate. This can also be advantageous for a vehicle fleet or a heavily used charging point, ensuring optimal utilization of the available charging capacity.

[0122] Particularly preferred is an embodiment of the charging mode switching charging system (1), wherein the charging mode switching charging system (1) provides a direct processing unit (4) configured to selectively and dynamically control the switching between AC and DC charging modes. The direct processing unit (4) preferably comprises switching electronics suitable for controlling the switching between AC and DC charging modes.

[0123] For the purposes of the invention, selective refers to the deliberate selection of the charging mode that, under the given circumstances, is suitable for efficiently charging the energy storage device to be charged. This selection does not only involve choosing between DC charging mode and AC charging mode. Thus, selective switching of the charging mode is not limited to switching from AC charging to DC charging, but also allows for varying the current or voltage supply in the respective modes.

[0124] Particularly preferably, the charging mode switching system (1) provides a direct processing unit (4) configured to automatically, selectively, and dynamically control the switching between AC and DC charging modes. Thus, the charging mode switching system is capable of automatically responding to changing conditions.

[0125] In an alternative embodiment, the unconsciously introduced current fluctuation ranges from 0.1 to 10 amperes, more preferably 0.5 to 5 amperes, and the introduced voltage fluctuation ranges from 0.1 to 10 volts, more preferably 0.5 to 10 volts. Most preferably, the charging system equipped with a direct computing unit simultaneously considers current and voltage fluctuations.

[0126] In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the charging mode switching charging system (1) is enhanced with the ability to detect inadvertently introduced modulations in the repetition frequency (Hz) of the AC grid during AC charging. The direct processing unit (4) is equipped with sensors and algorithms that monitor the frequency of the AC current. During periods of high grid load, the AC frequency may drop slightly, a phenomenon known as "brownout." The direct processing unit (4) is programmed to detect such deviations from the standard frequency.

[0127] For the purposes of the invention, the repetition frequency refers in particular to the grid frequency, with the nominal value being set accordingly depending on the region in the world or stored in the immediate, particularly integrated, processing unit. This allows the charging mode switching system to be used in many regions.

[0128] The technical advantage of this embodiment is that the system is capable of maintaining optimal charging efficiency and protecting the vehicle battery by automatically adjusting the charging mode in response to detected frequency modulations. This proactive adjustment can prevent inefficient charging and potential battery damage caused by unstable power supply conditions.

[0129] Furthermore, this embodiment enables communication between the systems, whereby a charging mode switching charging system (1) can register the modulation of the alternating current frequency and pass this information on to another system via the communication module. This is particularly useful in a network of charging systems, where the detection of a high grid load by one system can inform other nearby systems. The technical advantage of this communication between the charging mode switching charging systems (1) lies in the joint management of the charging loads across multiple charging mode switching charging systems (1). If one system detects a high load and informs the other systems of this, these systems can proactively adapt their charging mode and, for example, switch from alternating current to direct current mode or reduce the charging power to relieve the load on the grid.This can be particularly beneficial during peak times or in situations where the network is under pressure due to high demand from other sources.

[0130] In some preferred embodiments, the communication module could also be used to inform a central grid management system or a power utility about the detected high grid load. This could enable a more coordinated grid management response, allowing adjustments in power generation or distribution, or the implementation of demand reduction strategies.

[0131] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the charging mode switching charging system (1) comprises a communication interface that enables the exchange of information between the electrical device, such as an electric vehicle (EV), and the charging unit. This interface enables the transmission of various types of data, including, but not limited to, charging status data, vehicle identification data, and user data.

[0132] The technical advantage of this embodiment is the seamless integration and synchronization of the electric vehicle with the charging infrastructure. By exchanging vehicle identification and user data, the system can provide personalized charging experiences, such as retrieving preferred charging settings, authorizing user access, and facilitating billing processes. This increases user convenience and system security.

[0133] In another embodiment, the communication module is implemented wirelessly, using technologies such as Bluetooth or WLAN (Wi-Fi). The technical advantage of a wireless communication interface is increased flexibility and easy connectivity. It eliminates the need for physical connections, which can be particularly beneficial in public or semi-public charging environments where quick and easy access to charging services is important.

[0134] Alternatively, in some preferred embodiments, the communication interface can be provided as a dedicated communication module within the charging mode switching charging system (1). This module is particularly suitable for facilitating communication between the immediate computing unit (4) and a remote computing unit, such as a smartphone or a cloud-based server.

[0135] The technical advantage of a dedicated communication module is the increased reliability and bandwidth of data exchange. It can support more complex communication protocols and larger data transfers, which is crucial for real-time monitoring and control of the charging process. Furthermore, it can enable advanced features such as remote diagnostics, firmware updates, and integration with smart grid functions.

[0136] The charging mode switching charging system (1) preferably comprises a direct computing unit (4) that further provides a communication module. This enables the exchange between the direct computing unit and other, remote computing units or allows information to be retrieved.

[0137] Preferably, the user can dynamically control the charging process at least between the AC mode and a DC mode, preferably via a remote processing unit. Particularly preferably, the user can control or regulate the charging process via a display provided by the charging mode switching system (1). Alternatively, preferably, the user can dynamically control the charging process at least between the AC mode and a DC mode via a remote processing unit that communicates with the immediate processing unit (4) via the communication module.

[0138] In the context of the invention, dynamic control between AC mode and DC mode means that a user can both switch between the two charging modes and adjust the charging parameters in the respective modes according to the ambient conditions, in particular the grid load and / or the weather conditions and / or a personal schedule and / or route planning. In this case, "dynamic" refers in particular to changes in the charging modes or charging parameters that occur flexibly in time and / or in immediate, i.e., immediate, reaction to changing ambient conditions, thereby enabling, in particular, multiple adjustments of the charging conditions.

[0139] For the purposes of the invention, a remote computing unit is, in particular, a spatially remote computing unit. "Spatially remote" can refer to a computing unit located in the vicinity of the computing unit without being physically connected to it, e.g., by a cable, but also to a computing unit that is, for example, part of a data center and is used for central data evaluation at a fixed location, preferably by the operator. Particularly preferably, a remote computing unit is capable of exchanging data with the charging mode switching system via a contactless data transmission standard.

[0140] In a further embodiment, the communication module is designed to support bidirectional communication, which enables not only the reception of commands and data from the remote computing unit, but also the transmission of detailed charging reports and system states from the immediate computing unit (4) back to the user's device or to a central management system.

[0141] The technical advantage of bidirectional communication lies in the ability to create a feedback loop that can be used to optimize charging strategies based on user behavior, grid demands, and the health of the charging system. This can lead to improved energy management, cost savings for the user, and a reduction in the environmental impact of electric vehicle charging.

[0142] The technical advantage of this more comprehensive communication capability is the potential for more sophisticated smart grid interactions. Integrating charging systems into the broader grid management system could contribute to overall grid stability and efficiency, reducing the need for costly infrastructure upgrades and improving the integration of renewable energy sources.

[0143] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the controllable charging mode switching system (1), the direct computing unit is configured to control an automatic switching of the charging mode based on unconsciously introduced modulations of the current and voltage, preferably with less than 10% of the charging values, and / or to send a control request to the user via the communication module and / or a display. This has the technical effect that the system can automatically react to changes in load.

[0144] In an alternative embodiment, in addition to the unconsciously introduced modulations of the current and voltage strength, further parameters are used by the immediate computing unit, such as information transmitted from the remote computing unit to the immediate computing unit (4) via the communication module, information transmitted from other charging mode switching charging systems (1) via the communication module, user inputs or external databases and information about the charging behavior of the users, preferably the personalized user behavior, are used to control the switching between alternating current and direct current (AC / DC) mode.

[0145] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a charging mode switching charging system (1) is provided, comprising at least one multi-contact charging plug (2) and a charging cable (3). These components are interconnected and include an on-board computing unit (4) equipped with advanced computing capabilities for executing a neural network, a large-scale language model, or a machine learning model. This model is trained using a dataset of charging patterns containing unwanted voltage and current fluctuations.

[0146] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the charging mode switching charging system (2) is provided with a communication interface via which information can be exchanged between the charging energy storage device, preferably the electric vehicle, and the charging unit. For example, charge status data, vehicle identification data, or user data can be transmitted via this communication interface. The interface can be implemented wired or wirelessly, for example via Bluetooth or WLAN. The communication interface can be embodied as a communication module, particularly suitable for communicating between a direct computing unit and a remote computing unit.

[0147] The technical advantage of this embodiment is that the system is capable of predicting and responding to irregularities in the power supply, which can increase the efficiency and safety of the charging process. By analyzing the charging patterns, the immediate computing unit (4) can detect anomalies that may indicate problems with the power grid or the vehicle's response to the charging process. If such anomalies are detected, the system can either adjust the charging parameters to compensate for these fluctuations or alert the user to potential problems.

[0148] In another embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug (2) is equipped with a display that provides real-time information and warnings based on the analysis performed by the on-board computing unit (4). The technical advantage of a display directly on the multi-contact charging plug (2) is the immediate visibility of problems or necessary adjustments, allowing the user to intervene quickly if necessary. This direct form of communication improves the user experience by providing accessible and actionable information directly at the charging station.

[0149] Alternatively, some preferred embodiments comprise a wireless communication module within the charge mode switching charging system (1) that can transmit information and warnings to a remote computing unit, preferably a smartphone. The technical advantage of this function lies in the convenience and flexibility it offers the user. By being able to receive notifications and control the charging process remotely, the user can manage the charging process of their vehicle from any location and ensure that they are always informed and in control of the charging process. Preferably, the user is informed of the possibility of switching via an information source, such as the external computing unit, preferably a smartphone, or a display arranged directly on the charge mode switching charging system (1).Particularly preferably, the parameters for this purpose are determined by the direct computing unit (4) and include unconsciously introduced modulations of the current or voltage, information transmitted by other charging mode switching systems (1) or by the charging station.

[0150] Furthermore, in a further embodiment, the immediate computing unit (4) is capable of learning and adapting over time through its machine learning model. The technical advantage of this adaptive learning capability is that the system becomes more efficient and accurate at predicting and resolving problems over time. As the model receives more data, it can fine-tune its algorithms for even better performance, which can lead to a more resilient and intelligent charging system that can anticipate and respond to a wider range of scenarios, further improving the user experience and system reliability.

[0151] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the charging mode switching charging system (1) comprises a charging cable (3) that terminates at both ends with a multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention. In another embodiment, a multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention is located at only one end, and the other end is connected to a charging source, such as a charging station.

[0152] Communication between the charging station and the vehicle is established via the charging mode switching system (1). The user and / or operator can preferably determine the type of charging. This can be done, for example, via an integrated LED display on the multi-contact charging plug (2), the charged vehicle, a mobile smartphone application, or the charging station.

[0153] For communication purposes, the charging mode switching charging system preferably has at least one first processing unit connected to a communication unit, thus enabling communication, in particular data communication, with at least one further processing unit. The communication unit is preferably configured to enable wireless data communication between the at least one first processing unit and a further processing unit.The data communication unit enables, for example, a user and / or an operator to send commands for controlling and / or regulating the charging process by a computing unit, preferably a computing unit spatially remote from the charging station and / or the energy storage device to be charged, to a computing unit connected to the charging station and / or the energy storage device to be charged, preferably assigned to the charging station and / or the energy storage device to be charged and / or integrated into the charging station and / or the energy storage device to be charged, which commands enable the switching and / or control and / or regulation and / or termination of the charging process. For example, in this case, the spatially remote computing unit would correspond to the further computing unit and the computing unit preferably assigned to the charging station and / or the energy storage device to be charged and / or integrated into the charging station and / or the energy storage device to be charged would correspond to the further computing unit.This advantageously enables flexible control of the charging process during operation. For example, a user can control or regulate the charging process depending on the grid utilization and / or their personal scheduling and / or other external circumstances. For example, an operator can control or regulate the charging process depending on the availability of charging capacity and the current grid utilization. In particular, the operator can thus send signals directly to the charging mode switching system indicating high grid utilization. This advantageously eliminates the need for electronics on the vehicle and / or integrated into the charging station and / or otherwise additionally implemented to monitor grid utilization.

[0154] Particularly preferred is an embodiment in which the system automatically switches between DC and AC charging modes during the charging process based on external parameters (e.g. charge level, temperature of the accumulator and available time).

[0155] In one embodiment, the charging station communicates with the energy storage device to be charged, preferably an electric vehicle, via the CP (Control Pilot) contact using an analog electrical signal. This communication is known in the art (see IEC 62196-2, 62196-3).

[0156] For the purposes of the invention, a charging station, also referred to as a charging source or charging column, is a device that provides electrical energy for charging an electric vehicle. Such a device can be, for example, an AC, DC, or three-phase charging station. In particular, it can be a charging column, wallbox, or even a general socket.

[0157] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the charging mode switching charging system (1) is provided with a communication interface via which information can be exchanged between the energy storage device to be charged, preferably the electric vehicle, and the charging unit. For example, charging status data, vehicle identification data, or user data can be transmitted via this communication interface. The interface can be implemented wired or wirelessly, for example via Bluetooth or WLAN.

[0158] The charging mode switching charging system (1) can also be equipped with a communication system comprising at least one communication module, such as NFC (Near Field Communication) or Bluetooth, to enable wireless communication between the energy storage device to be charged and the charging unit. This can be used, for example, to authenticate the user, transmit charging data, or control the charging process. This allows the user and / or operator to be identified flexibly and quickly, which saves time and represents an economic advantage, as the time spent at the charging station is intended to be minimized.

[0159] In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the charging mode switching system (1) has an integrated safety device capable of detecting fault conditions such as short circuits, leakage currents, or excessive temperatures and initiating appropriate protective measures. This safety device can be implemented, for example, on the basis of residual current devices (RCDs), miniature circuit breakers (MCBs), or electronic protective circuits.

[0160] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the charging mode switching system (1) has an adaptive charging power control that allows the charging power to be dynamically adjusted depending on various factors, such as the available grid capacity, the current charge state of the energy storage device to be charged, or ambient conditions such as temperature and humidity. This allows the efficiency of the charging process to be further optimized and the service life of the components involved, in particular the accumulator, to be increased.

[0161] In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the charging mode switching system (1) is designed to be compatible with bidirectional charging functions such as vehicle-to-grid (V2G) or vehicle-to-home (V2H). The energy storage device to be charged, preferably an electric vehicle, can not only draw energy from the power grid but also feed excess energy back into the grid or a home energy system. This opens up further application possibilities and can contribute to stabilizing the power grid and optimizing the self-consumption of renewable energies.

[0162] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the charging station, which is part of the charging mode switching charging system (1) according to the invention, controls the charging process in DC or AC mode. The control is preferably carried out by means of a computer program product, in particular an application (also: app), which can be operated by a user and / or an algorithm and / or an artificial intelligence, in particular a self-learning algorithm. This allows the charging process to be controlled. In the sense of the invention, an algorithm refers to an instruction or a sequence of instructions which are comprised in a computer program product. In the sense of the invention, an app is to be understood as a computer program product which serves to implement a function by a computing unit, in particular a mobile computing unit (e.g. a smartphone or a tablet).

[0163] Frequency sensor (5)

[0164] In a preferred embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug and / or the charging mode switching system comprises a frequency sensor (5) designed to detect the repetition frequency of an alternating current (AC) network. The direct computing unit (4) can be equipped with the frequency sensor.

[0165] A repetition frequency of an alternating current (AC) network can be understood as a grid frequency, whereby this grid frequency, or the specified frequency, can have a different target value depending on local conditions. This makes the charging mode switching system suitable for use in many regions.

[0166] The arrangement of a frequency sensor, preferably in the immediate computing unit (4), for monitoring the repetition frequency of an alternating current network enables precise detection of fluctuations in the power supply, for example, during an alternating current charging mode. This allows the integrity and efficiency of the charging process of the electric vehicle, in particular of the energy storage device to be charged, to be maintained during a charging process, even under changing network conditions.

[0167] In this context, monitoring means both recording, in particular measuring, the current grid frequency, and comparing the grid frequency with predefined threshold values ​​that indicate the current utilization of the supply grid. In particular, the nominal values ​​of the supply grid can be used for this purpose, but threshold values ​​in a range around the nominal values ​​of the supply grid can also be used, preferably in a value band that lies within 80% to 120% of the nominal values, preferably within 85% to 115% of the nominal values, particularly preferably within 90% to 110% of the nominal values ​​of the supply grid. However, the charging values, i.e. the voltage and current made available to the energy storage device to be charged, can also be recorded and compared with predefined threshold values.

[0168] According to one embodiment of the invention, monitoring also refers to detecting when a threshold value is exceeded or undershot. Preferably, monitoring also refers to detecting the duration of the threshold value being exceeded and / or undershot. Thus, the development of grid utilization can be recorded, advantageously enabling efficient charging while taking grid utilization into account.

[0169] The present invention therefore also relates to a method for controlling and / or regulating a charging process of an energy storage device to be charged, comprising the following steps:

[0170] Monitoring (S01) a repetition frequency of an alternating current (AC) network during an AC charging mode by a computing unit, in particular, in particular, by a direct computing unit (4), in a charging mode switching charging system (1), wherein the computing unit is equipped with a frequency sensor for detecting the repetition frequency; automatically adjusting (S02) the charging mode by the computing unit, in particular, in particular, by the direct computing unit (4), upon detection of a decrease in the repetition frequency by the frequency sensor, wherein the adjustment is based on predefined threshold values ​​stored in the computing unit, in particular, the direct computing unit (4), in order to select between a plurality of charging modes comprising at least alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) charging modes;

[0171] Transmitting (S03) a signal representing the high network load from the charging mode switching charging system (1) to a remote charging mode switching charging system (1) by means of a communication module.

[0172] Here, the charging mode is automatically adjusted (S02) by the immediate processing unit (4) upon detection of a decrease in the repetition frequency, which indicates a high grid load, based on predefined criteria or thresholds that take various charging modes into account. The technical advantage lies in the optimization of the charging process in real time, which can lead to improved energy consumption and reduced load on the electric vehicle's energy storage system, thus extending the service life of the energy storage system being charged, preferably an energy storage system integrated into an electric vehicle.

[0173] In particular, the direct, preferably integrated, processing unit detects a decrease in the grid frequency, which indicates a high grid load. It can be provided that the frequency sensor transmits the detected grid frequency values ​​to the processing unit, which stores them in a database for a defined period of time, preferably at least 10 minutes, more preferably at least 5 minutes, particularly preferably at least 1 minute. If the direct processing unit detects a continuous decrease in the grid frequency during the measurement period, it causes the charging mode switching system to switch the selected charging mode between DC charging and AC charging and / or to adjust the provided charging power within a charging mode. The charging mode switching system thus automatically selects a less energy-intensive charging mode when the grid load is high.This allows the charging process to be dynamically adjusted taking into account the current availability of electrical energy and the capacity utilization of the supply network.

[0174] According to a preferred embodiment, the direct, in particular integrated, processing unit detects when the value of the grid frequency determined by the frequency sensor falls below a predefined threshold value, preferably stored in a database for the integrated processing unit to be retrievable. The threshold value is preferably at most 80%, particularly preferably at most 85%, and most preferably at most 90% of the nominal frequency of the electrical supply grid. The direct, in particular integrated, processing unit is configured such that, upon detecting a value that falls below the stored threshold value, it causes the charging mode switching charging system to switch the selected charging mode between DC charging and AC charging and / or to adjust the provided charging power within a charging mode.Thus, the charging mode switching system automatically selects a less energy-intensive charging mode in the event of high grid load or a grid failure.

[0175] According to the invention, a grid frequency value is determined at fixed intervals. The size of the intervals is specified by the sampling rate, i.e., the number of test points per second in Hertz (Hz). The frequency sensor preferably has a sampling rate of at least 100 Hz, preferably at least 1 MHz, particularly preferably at least 260 MHz. By selecting an appropriately selected sampling rate, the grid frequency can be accurately monitored and changes can be determined to the second. This advantageously reduces the susceptibility to errors when determining the grid frequency, and switching or changing the charging mode can be done promptly, preferably within a few seconds.

[0176] Furthermore, the use of communication protocols such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or cellular networks in the communication module facilitates the reliable and rapid transmission of messages about high grid utilization to remote charging mode switching systems (1). The technical effect of this communication capability is the creation of a responsive and interconnected charging network that can dynamically adapt to grid conditions. This inter-system communication ensures that the charging infrastructure functions coherently, increasing the overall stability of the grid.

[0177] In a preferred embodiment, the frequency sensor is configured to continuously monitor the repetition frequency, and the immediate computing unit (4) is configured to automatically adjust the charging mode at predetermined intervals, thereby ensuring a consistent response to grid load fluctuations. Continuous monitoring of the AC grid's repetition frequency by the frequency sensor, coupled with the immediate computing unit (4) capable of automatically adjusting the charging mode at predetermined intervals, provides the technical effect of a highly responsive charging system.The advantage of this arrangement is the system's ability to continuously adapt to grid load fluctuations, ensuring that the charging process of the energy storage device being charged, preferably an electric vehicle, remains efficient and stable, thereby reducing the risk of charging interruptions and potential damage to the energy storage device of the electric vehicle being charged due to power fluctuations.

[0178] For the purposes of the invention, a consistent response refers to a defined sequence of events, in particular a switching process following a determination process, wherein the determination process has determined a grid load fluctuation that occurs reliably and in close temporal succession. This guarantees the user and / or the operator that the charging mode adapts to the grid load and / or the local load of the charging station. This advantageously ensures that the influence of charging the energy storage device to be charged on the grid load and / or the local load of the energy storage device to be charged is minimal.

[0179] The repetition frequency can be recorded on the vehicle side and / or the charging station side.

[0180] In a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises the step of changing (S04) the charging mode by the remote charging mode switching charging system (1) in response to the received signal which represents a drop in the grid frequency, wherein the remote system is configured to autonomously control, in particular interrupt, pause or resume, and / or regulate, in particular reduce, the charging mode based on the received information and the analysis by a computing unit, in particular its own immediate computing unit, thereby ensuring that the grid load is not too high.

[0181] According to this embodiment, step S02 of the method is not performed by a direct, preferably integrated, processing unit of the charging mode switching system, in particular the multi-contact plug, but by a spatially remote processing unit connected to the charging mode switching system via a communication module, preferably using a contactless data transmission standard. Thus, the charging mode switching system can also be switched remotely. This advantageously enables the switching process to be controlled and / or regulated remotely by a user and / or an operator and / or automatically.

[0182] In a preferred embodiment, the method for controlling and / or regulating a charging process of an energy storage device to be charged, preferably an electric vehicle, further comprises the step of reporting back (S05) to the user regarding the setting of the charging mode via a user interface on the charging mode switching charging system (1) or a connected remote computing unit, wherein the reporting back comprises at least one visual warning, an acoustic signal, or a haptic notification. Reporting back to the user regarding the setting of the charging mode has the technical effect of improved user interaction and perception. The advantage of this function is that the user can be informed and reassured about the operating status of the charging process.Visual warnings, acoustic signals, or haptic notifications contribute to a user-friendly experience and increase overall acceptance and satisfaction with the charging system. Furthermore, this feedback mechanism can serve as a prompt to the user to take necessary actions, further increasing the safety and reliability of the charging process.

[0183] Setting the charging mode in the sense of the invention is to be understood as changing and / or adapting the charging mode, wherein the charging mode can be changed at least between DC charging and AC charging, preferably also between different DC modes and AC modes.

[0184] For the purposes of the invention, a connected remote computing unit is understood to mean a computing unit that is connected to the charging mode switching charging system via a contactless data transmission standard.

[0185] In a preferred embodiment, the method for controlling and / or regulating a charging process of an energy storage device to be charged, preferably an electric vehicle, comprises that the predefined thresholds comprise parameters for minimum and maximum acceptable repetition frequencies and the immediate computing unit (4) is configured to select the direct current charging mode when the repetition frequency falls below the minimum threshold. The configuration of the immediate computing unit (4) to select the direct current charging mode when the repetition frequency falls below a minimum threshold has the technical effect of safeguarding the charging process against suboptimal charging conditions. The advantage of this property is that inefficient charging processes are prevented, which can result from low-frequency conditions, which often indicate high grid load or instability.By switching to DC charging mode under such conditions, the system ensures a more consistent and reliable power supply to the vehicle, thus optimizing the lifespan and performance of the energy storage system.

[0186] It may be provided that the communication module is further configured to receive information about the network utilization and stability, weather and temperature data, user-related data, the availability of renewable energies and / or the energy price from an external database, and the immediate computing unit (4) is configured to set the charging mode based on the most cost-effective electricity tariffs available at the time of charging.

[0187] Incorporating information about current grid utilization and grid stability with the frequency sensor data helps minimize the risk of power outages or grid fluctuations during the charging process. The technical effect is improved adaptability of the charging system to grid conditions, which brings with it the technical advantage of increased reliability and safety of the charging process.

[0188] The inclusion of weather conditions and temperature data, e.g., the ambient temperature, in the control of the charging process allows the frequency sensor, in conjunction with the immediate processing unit (4), to adjust the charging speed or charging mode to avoid thermal stress on the energy storage system. This results in a technical effect that extends the service life of the energy storage device being charged and prevents damage from overheating or undercooling, and offers the technical advantage of improved maintenance of the energy storage device being charged.

[0189] The use of information about the user's individual driving and charging preferences enables the frequency sensor, in conjunction with the immediate processing unit (4), to ensure the charging system ensures personalized and optimized control of the charging process. The technical effect is tailored charging planning based on the user's specific needs, which brings with it the technical advantage of increased user satisfaction through a charging experience that takes comfort and individual requirements into account. The system can support the creation of individual user profiles containing specific settings and preferences for the charging process. By adapting charging processes to the created profiles, the system can achieve greater user satisfaction. This results in a personalized charging experience that increases comfort and efficiency for the user.

[0190] For example, the immediate computing unit (4) can be connected to the user's calendar and scheduling software to optimize charging sessions according to the user's schedule. Such integration makes it possible to schedule charging sessions during off-peak times or during preferential tariff periods. This can lead to cost savings and increase vehicle availability by scheduling charging sessions during times when the vehicle is not expected to be in use.

[0191] By analyzing driving behavior, the system can adapt charging processes to the actual vehicle usage. This leads to optimized charging planning that avoids overcharging or undercharging of the energy storage device being charged. Such adaptation can increase the efficiency of the charging process and extend the service life of the energy storage device being charged.

[0192] Furthermore, the immediate computing unit (4) can be equipped with adaptive software algorithms capable of learning from user-related data and making predictions about future charging requirements. This enables proactive adaptation of the charging process to the user's needs. Such adaptation can contribute to more efficient use of the energy storage capacity and an extension of the energy storage system's service life.

[0193] The present invention also considers the availability of renewable energy in the power grid, particularly during periods of high production that can lead to energy peaks. The use of the frequency sensor in conjunction with the direct computing unit (4) makes it possible to control the charging process so that charging occurs preferentially during periods of excess renewable energy. This results in a technical effect that enables the optimized use of green electricity and offers the technical advantage of relieving the load on the power grid through the targeted use of surplus energy.

[0194] In addition to the ecological benefits, this can also be economically advantageous, as periods of high renewable energy production often correlate with lower energy prices. Users can thus not only reduce their carbon footprint but also benefit from lower energy costs. Furthermore, by intelligently adapting to the availability of renewable energy, the charging system can help reduce volatility in the power grid overall and promote grid stability.

[0195] Integrated temperature sensor (6)

[0196] In a preferred embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug and / or the charging mode switching charging system comprises an integrated temperature sensor (6) which is equipped to detect an ambient temperature around the plug area and / or a temperature of the energy storage device of the electric vehicle to be charged.

[0197] In one embodiment, ambient temperature around the plug area refers to a temperature of at least one pin of the multi-contact plug and / or to a temperature of at least one plug connection between the multi-contact plug and an associated socket and / or at least one cable wire of the charging mode switching charging system and / or the housing of the multi-contact charging plug and / or the charging mode switching charging system.

[0198] In one embodiment of the invention, an integrated temperature sensor is provided in the charging plug (2) and / or the charging mode switching charging system, which enables precise detection of the ambient temperatures in the area of ​​the charging plug and / or a temperature of the energy storage device of the electric vehicle to be charged. This local monitoring of the ambient temperatures and / or the temperature of the energy storage device to be charged ensures immediate detection of temperature fluctuations attributable to the charging process. In this context, the access of the computing unit (4) to a pre-created database with stored temperature values ​​provides a benchmark for detecting normal and abnormal temperature ranges during the charging cycle, thus facilitating sound thermal management.By comparing real-time ambient temperature data and / or real-time temperature data from the electric vehicle's energy storage device being charged with the temperature values ​​stored in the database, the computing unit (4) can proactively detect and respond to potential overheating conditions before they pose a risk to system integrity. Advantageously, the system's ability to modulate the charging current to predefined thresholds in response to detected temperature approaches enables an adaptive charging process that responds to the thermal state of the charging environment.Advantageously, the method according to the invention for monitoring the charging process of an electric vehicle thus significantly reduces the risk of thermal damage / degradation both to the energy storage device of the electric vehicle and protects the condition of the energy storage device, thereby ensuring sustainable operation over a longer period of time, and to the charging infrastructure, thus ensuring safer charging operation and a safer environment.

[0199] The ambient temperature around the connector area can be measured on the vehicle side and / or the charging station side. In a preferred embodiment, the temperature sensor is located on the charging station or in its immediate vicinity.

[0200] The present invention therefore also relates to a method for controlling and / or regulating the charging process of an electric vehicle at a charging station, comprising the following steps:

[0201] Detecting (E01), by means of an integrated temperature sensor of a charging plug (2), an ambient temperature around the plug area and / or a temperature of the energy storage device of the electric vehicle to be charged;

[0202] Accessing (E02) a database with stored temperature values ​​corresponding to safe operating conditions by a computing unit;

[0203] Comparing (E03) the detected ambient temperature and / or the temperature of the energy storage device to be charged by the computing unit (4) with the temperature values ​​stored in the database;

[0204] Controlling, in particular interrupting, pausing or resuming, or regulating, in particular reducing, (E04) the charging current by the computing unit (4) within the charging plug (2) when the detected temperature approaches a predefined threshold in order to prevent overheating; wherein the charging plug (2) is part of a charging mode switching charging system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, which comprises a charging cable (3), and wherein the computing unit (4) is further configured to adjust the charging voltage in conjunction with the charging current in order to optimise the charging process and at the same time prevent overheating.

[0205] The inventive method for monitoring the charging process of an electric vehicle uses an integrated temperature sensor in the charging plug (2), in the charging mode switching charging system, and / or in the charging station, which enables precise detection of the ambient temperatures in the area of ​​the plug. This local monitoring ensures immediate detection of temperature fluctuations attributable to the charging process. The computing unit's (4) access to a pre-created database of temperature values ​​provides a benchmark for determining normal and abnormal temperature ranges during the charging cycle, thus facilitating sound charging and thermal management.

[0206] It is understood that in the step between detecting (E01) an ambient temperature around the plug area and / or a temperature of the energy storage device of the electric vehicle to be charged and accessing (E02) a database with stored temperature values, a step of transmitting the temperature values ​​detected by the temperature sensor to a computing unit is provided. Accessing (E02) a database with stored temperature values ​​can be performed directly by a computing unit in the charging mode switching system and / or in the charging station or by a remote computing unit, e.g., a server connected to the Internet. If access is performed by a computing unit in the charging mode switching system or by a remote computing unit, and not by a computing unit in the charging station, this has the advantage that no additional components need to be installed in (existing) charging stations.This advantageously eliminates the need for the subsequent installation of a computing unit, especially the complex installation of a charging station from a different manufacturer.

[0207] In a preferred embodiment, the database contains temperature values ​​corresponding to a range of ambient temperature conditions under which the charging connector (2) is certified for safe operation, and the computing unit (4) is configured to adjust (regulate) the charging current so that the ambient temperature is maintained within this range. This adjustment or regulation preserves the integrity of the charging system and the energy storage device of the electric vehicle being charged by preventing operation outside the certified temperature range, which could otherwise lead to safety risks.

[0208] The ambient temperature conditions preferably relate to a temperature of at least one pin of the multi-contact plug and / or to a temperature of at least one plug connection between the multi-contact plug and an associated socket and / or at least one cable wire of the charging mode switching charging system and / or the housing of the multi-contact charging plug and / or the charging mode switching charging system, wherein this temperature does not exceed a predefined threshold value.

[0209] Adjusting the charging current preferably means reducing the charging current, thereby reducing the load on the charging infrastructure belonging to the charging mode switching charging system, in particular the cable wires or contact pins.

[0210] The method may further comprise the step of logging each instance in which the charging current is controlled, in particular interrupted, paused, or resumed, and / or regulated, in particular reduced, due to an approaching predefined temperature threshold, and storing the instances in a memory for future analysis. These incidents are stored in a memory for later analysis. This function enables the collection of valuable data on the thermal behavior of the charging system, which can be used to improve system performance and reliability.

[0211] In the sense of the invention, the temperature threshold is a value of the temperature of the environment of the plug area and / or the energy storage device to be charged.

[0212] Future analysis of the recorded data facilitates the identification of patterns in overheating incidents. This allows for refinement of the predefined temperature threshold and the charging current reduction strategy. By learning from past events, the system evolves to more effectively prevent overheating, thereby improving safety and extending the service life of the charging system and the EV's energy storage device being charged.

[0213] In addition to adjusting the charging current, the computing unit (4) is also capable of adjusting the charging voltage when the detected temperature approaches the predefined threshold. This dual adjustment option ensures that the charging process is optimized in terms of both efficiency and safety, reducing the risk of overheating while maintaining optimal charging conditions for the electric vehicle's energy storage system.

[0214] The computing unit (4) prioritizes the reduction of the charging current, if necessary, based on the temperature data of the electric vehicle's energy storage unit compared to the ambient temperature. This prioritization is particularly advantageous when the temperature of the energy storage unit is closer to the predefined threshold, thus enabling targeted thermal management. This function ensures that the most critical temperature measurements are given priority in the charging management system, which further protects the electric vehicle's energy storage unit from thermal stress. Receptacle for multi-contact charging plugs

[0215] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the charging mode switching charging system comprises a receiving device for a multi-contact charging plug belonging to the system, wherein the receiving device is preferably arranged at a charging station, in particular a charging column, belonging to the charging mode switching charging system. The receiving device is preferably designed such that it has a plurality of receiving areas for contacts, which are referred to herein as sockets. Preferably, the receiving device has at least seven, particularly preferably nine sockets, wherein the sockets correspond in their configuration and arrangement to the contacts, in particular the contact pins of the multi-contact charging plug. The receiving device can be designed such that its configuration corresponds to the configuration of a vehicle-side charging connection.The charging device is preferably compatible with the Combined Charging System (CCS) Combo 2, i.e., it has an L1, L2, L3, N, PE, CP, PP, as well as a positive and a negative contact or pole. This advantageously ensures that the operation of the charging mode switching system, in particular ending the charging process and replacing the multi-contact charging plug, is simplified by the user.

[0216] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the receiving device is designed such that it tests the functionality of the charging cable and / or multi-contact charging plug when the latter is galvanically connected to the receiving device, in particular when plugged into the receiving device. For this purpose, it can be provided that the receiving device has a device for continuity testing, in particular for testing the continuous electrical connection of individual cable wires and / or contact pins and / or the entirety, i.e. all cable wires and / or contact pins of the multi-contact charging plug as well as the cable electrically connecting the charging station and the multi-contact charging plug, e.g. a continuity tester. Advantageously, the functionality of the charging mode switching charging system, in particular of the multi-contact charging plug and the cable electrically connecting the charging station and the multi-contact charging plug, can thus be tested immediately upon completion of a charging process.

[0217] According to a further embodiment, the receiving device is designed such that it tests the functionality of the communication modules for communication between the charging station and the device to be charged, in particular the energy storage device of a vehicle to be charged. An exchange of test data can be provided between the multi-contact charging plug and the receiving device, or a communication module assigned to the receiving device, in particular electrically and / or signal-connected to it, wherein the communication module is configured to test the data communication between the multi-contact charging plug and the receiving device. Preferably, this ensures, after each use of the multi-contact charging plug, that smooth data communication for controlling and / or regulating the charging process is enabled.

[0218] Particularly preferably, the receiving device further comprises a means configured to enable communication with a computing unit, for example a computing unit assigned to a charging mode switching charging system, wherein the means preferably comprises a communication interface. The communication interface is preferably configured to forward a signal from the continuity testing device to the computing unit. The signal is preferably designed such that the computing unit can use the signal to draw conclusions regarding the functionality of the multi-contact charging plug and the cable electrically connecting the charging station and the multi-contact charging plug, in particular to determine whether a defect is present. Preferably, a message can thus be sent to a user and / or operator of a charging mode switching charging system informing them of the presence of a defect.This advantageously allows for rapid maintenance. Furthermore, a user is able to navigate to a different charging station or adjust their route based on the information regarding the functionality of the charging stations. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the receiving device additionally has a device for generating an optical signal, in particular an optical signal generator, which allows conclusions to be drawn about the functionality of the charging mode switching system, in particular of the multi-contact charging plug and the cable electrically connecting the charging station and the multi-contact charging plug. In particular, the optical signal generator is designed to issue a warning to a user in the event of a lack of functionality, e.g., via a red light and / or flashing. For example, the optical signal generator can confirm the functionality of the charging mode switching system by displaying a green light.This makes it advantageous for a user to be able to see at first glance whether a charging station assigned to a charging mode switching charging system is functional.

[0219] According to a further embodiment, the receiving device has an identification means. In particular, the identification means is designed such that it corresponds to an identification means that is arranged on the multi-contact charging plug or is provided by the multi-contact charging plug. For example, the identification means that is arranged on the multi-contact charging plug is a wireless identification means, e.g., an NFC or RFID tag. For example, the identification means that is arranged on the receiving device is a wireless identification means, e.g., an RFID or NFC reader. This advantageously makes it possible to check that the multi-contact charging plug is inserted back into the associated receiving device after the charging process or removal.

[0220] According to a further embodiment, the identification means is designed to control the release of the charging mode switching system, in particular the multi-contact charging plug. In particular, it can be provided that release only occurs when a user places a wireless identification means, e.g., an NFC or RFID tag, on the receiving device in such a way that the latter can read the identification means, preferably by means of a wireless identification means, e.g., an RFID or NFC reader, arranged on the receiving device.

[0221] Particularly preferably, the optical signal transmitter can transmit a signal to a user informing them whether the multi-contact charging plug has been reinserted into the corresponding receptacle after the charging process or removal. Incorrect assignment is preferably indicated by flashing and / or a red light. Correct assignment is preferably indicated by a green light. This advantageously allows a user to directly identify an incorrect or correct assignment and correct it if necessary.

[0222] EXAMPLES OF IMPLEMENTATION

[0223] LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS

[0224] (1 ) Charging mode switching charging system

[0225] (2) Multi-contact charging plug

[0226] (3) Charging cable

[0227] (4) direct processing unit

[0228] (41 ) remote computing unit

[0229] (5) Frequency sensor

[0230] (6) integrated temperature sensor

[0231] (7) Energy storage device to be charged

[0232] (8) Charging station

[0233] FIGURE DESCRIPTION

[0234] The present invention is explained in more detail with reference to the following figures and exemplary embodiments, without limiting the invention to these.

[0235] It shows:

[0236] Fig. 1: Left: schematic arrangement of the contacts of a Type 2 charging plug according to IEC 62196; right: schematic arrangement of the contacts of a CCS Combo 2 charging plug according to IEC 62196.

[0237] Fig. 2: Multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention compatible with CCS Combo 2: left: Schematic

[0238] Structure of the contacts of the charging plug according to the invention with the option of switching between DC and AC charging mode; center: multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention in DC mode; right: multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention with contact assignment in DC mode.

[0239] Contact designations: PE (Protective Earth): protective earth; “CP” (Control Pilot): dialogue between charging station and vehicle; “PP” (Proximity Pilot): limitation of the charging current by means of resistance coding; “+” (DC +): positive pole for direct current charging; (DC -): negative pole for direct current charging

[0240] Fig. 3: Left: schematic structure of a charging cable (3) according to the invention with two sets of wires for the

[0241] Operation in DC mode or operation in AC mode, center and right: inventive charging cable (3) with a simple set of wires with electronically controlled switching between AC (center) and DC (right) mode. The wires are operated either in AC or DC mode, thus saving material and weight. Wire designations: PE (Protective Earth): protective conductor; "CP" (Control Pilot): dialogue between charging station and vehicle; "PP" (Proximity Pilot): limitation of the charging current using resistor coding; "+" (DC +): positive pole for direct current charging; (DC -): negative pole for direct current charging.

[0242] Fig. 4: Multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention compatible with CCS Combo 1 : left:

[0243] Schematic structure of the contacts of the charging plug according to the invention with the option of switching between DC and AC charging mode; center: multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention in DC mode; right: multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention with contact assignment in DC mode.

[0244] Contact designations: PE (Protective Earth): protective conductor; “CP” (Control Pilot): dialogue between charging station and vehicle; “PP” (Proximity Pilot): limitation of the charging current using resistor coding; “+” (DC +): positive pole for direct current charging; (DC -): negative pole for direct current charging.

[0245] Fig. 5: Schematic representation of a charging mode switching charging system according to the invention in

[0246] Connection to an energy storage device to be charged, here an electric vehicle

[0247] Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of common connectors, in particular common pin configurations for AC charging (right) and DC charging (left). The AC variant has a connector head with 7 pins, typically consisting of a proximity pilot (PP) pin and a control pilot (CP) pin for data communication and for controlling the charging process between the charging station and the electric vehicle, a PE (protective earth) contact for personal protection purposes, a neutral conductor and three phases or outer conductors via which the charging power is provided. The DC variant comprises two connector head segments, with the first segment having three pins, typically consisting of a proximity pilot pin and a control pilot pin for data communication and for controlling the charging process between the charging station and the electric vehicle and a PE (protective earth) contact for personal protection purposes.The second segment includes two contacts for providing the DC charging power, which are dimensioned in such a way that they are able to withstand high currents and do not overheat even at high currents.

[0248] In a first exemplary embodiment, Fig. 2 discloses a multi-contact charging plug (2) (left) of a charging mode switching charging system (1) according to the invention for coupling a device to be charged, in particular an electric vehicle, to a charging station. The illustrated, mains-side multi-contact charging plug (2) of the charging mode switching charging system (1) according to the invention is a three-phase charging cable connection with a multi-contact charging plug (2) compatible with charging sockets according to the EN 62196 Type 2 standard. Furthermore, Fig. 2 (center and right) discloses the pin assignment in AC (center) and DC operation (right).

[0249] In both AC and DC operation, the multi-contact charging plug (2) comprises two signal contacts, wherein the signal contacts are designed such that they are a charging plug control pilot contact (CP) and a charging plug proximity pilot contact (PP). Furthermore, the multi-contact charging plug (2) comprises nine contacts for energy transfer. In AC mode, the contacts are configured such that they include a neutral conductor (N), a protective conductor (PE) and three outer conductors (L1)(L2)(L3), referred to herein as phases. The phases L1, L2, L3 are designed such that they enable a current flow from the charging station to the device to be charged.

[0250] The protective conductor (PE) is designed to ensure grounding and personal protection during charging. The neutral conductor (N) is configured to compensate for phase shifts in the currents in the phases. The multi-contact charging plug (2) also provides two direct current contacts (+, -). In DC mode, the contacts are configured to comprise six direct current conductors. These are each divided into three pairs with a positive (+) and negative (-) pole and are designed to enable a direct current to flow from the charging station to the device to be charged. The protective conductor (PE) is configured to ensure grounding and personal protection during charging. The device-side charging cable connection is preferably designed to be structurally identical to the mains-side charging cable connection.

[0251] Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of a multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention, wherein alternative pin configurations were selected compared to Figure 2. The left-hand figure shows a configuration with nine pins, comprising a proximity pilot (PP) pin and a control pilot (CP) pin for data communication and for controlling the charging process between the charging station and the electric vehicle, and a PE (protective earth) contact for personal protection purposes, which are smaller than the outer conductors or phases, which serve to provide the charging power. As a result, the cable requires less material to manufacture. This configuration therefore advantageously saves costs, while still providing the option of providing a high charging power, particularly in DC mode, via several outer conductors.

[0252] The middle and right-hand images show another variant of the pin configuration, which essentially corresponds to the AC mode configuration shown in Figure 1. However, the pin assignments in AC mode and DC mode vary. The assignment allows for either the use of the lower, outer four contact pins as three phases to provide charging power in AC mode, including a neutral conductor, or the use of all four contact pins to provide charging power in DC mode with two positive and two negative poles.

[0253] Figure 4 shows, in a further exemplary embodiment, a multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention having two segments, wherein one segment comprises five contact pins, having a proximity pilot (PP) pin and a control pilot (CP) pin for data communication and for controlling the charging process between the charging station and the electric vehicle and a PE (protective earth) contact for personal protection purposes, as well as two variably assigned contact pins which provide charging power in DC mode and / or in AC mode, wherein the contact pins are assigned as a positive and a negative pole in DC mode and as a neutral conductor and phase in AC mode, i.e. a line providing charging power. The second segment is arranged below the first segment and provides two further contact pins which are configured to provide charging power, in particular in DC mode, and are dimensioned such that they can withstand a high charging current without overheating.

[0254] Figure 5 shows, in a further exemplary embodiment, a schematic representation of a charging mode switching charging system (1) in connection with an energy storage device (7) to be charged, in this case an electric vehicle. In this exemplary embodiment, the charging mode switching charging system (1) has a multi-contact charging plug (2) which is connected to a charging cable (3). In this exemplary embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug (2) comprises a direct computing unit (4), wherein the computing unit is integrated into the multi-contact charging plug (2) in this exemplary embodiment. The multi-contact charging plug (2) is configured such that it connects the electric vehicle (7) to a charging station (8) via the charging cable (3), wherein the charging station (8) is also comprised by the charging mode switching charging system (1).In this embodiment, the charging station (8) is designed to charge the electric vehicle (7) selectively and dynamically controlled via the multi-contact charging plug (2) with AC charging power and DC charging power by means of integrated switching electronics.

[0255] In this exemplary embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug (2) also comprises a temperature sensor (6), which is preferably arranged in the area of ​​the contact pins. The temperature sensor enables monitoring of the temperature around the plug area, so that if a predefined temperature threshold is exceeded, the charging mode can be adjusted between DC mode and AC mode, as well as changed within DC mode or AC mode in such a way that the available charging power is preferably reduced.

[0256] In this exemplary embodiment, the computing unit (4) integrated into the multi-contact charging plug (2) also has a frequency sensor (5) which is configured to determine the frequency of the provided charging power. The computing unit (4) is configured to monitor the frequency determined by the frequency sensor and to transmit a decrease in the frequency. If a decrease in the frequency is detected, which indicates a high utilization of the electrical supply network and / or the charging station (8), the

[0257] Computing unit (4) is also configured to change the charging mode, in particular to reduce the charging power.

[0258] According to an alternative design, the frequency sensor (5) is integrated into the charging station (8) and serves to directly determine the grid frequency. This allows for a better understanding of the current grid utilization situation.

[0259] In the exemplary embodiment shown, the charging mode switching system (1) also comprises a spatially remote computing unit (41), which is preferably wirelessly connected to the charging mode switching system (1), in particular to the direct, in particular integrated, computing unit (4) comprised by the charging mode switching system and / or to the charging station (8). The spatially remote computing unit (41) enables the control and / or regulation of the charging process via a contactless data transmission standard.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Universal charging mode switching charging system (1), preferably CCS Combo Standard compatible, comprising at least one multi-contact charging plug (2) for connecting a charge source to an energy storage device to be charged, characterized in that the multi-contact charging plug (2) has two segments, in particular consists of them, comprising at least: a first segment, each preferably comprising at least 5 poles, particularly preferably 7 poles, which can be operated in alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) mode, a second segment, comprising two poles that enable charging in DC mode with high power in conjunction with the first segment or instead of the first segment, the charging mode switching charging system has switching electronics, whereby the charging mode switching charging system can be operated optionally in DC or AC mode, the charging mode switching charging system (1) is designed toto efficiently charge the energy storage device to be charged selectively and dynamically controlled with alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC), the charging mode switching charging system comprises a means for determining and / or monitoring the current mains voltage and / or frequency, in particular a frequency meter and / or a voltmeter, and that the charging mode switching charging system is configured to switch the charging mode between alternating current and direct current based on a determined mains voltage and / or mains frequency.

2. Charging mode switching charging system (1) according to claim 1, wherein the charging mode switching charging system (1) comprises at least one multi-contact charging plug (2) and a charging cable (3), wherein the charging cable (3) has redundant cable wires which can be operated switchably in DC or AC mode.

3. Charging mode switching charging system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the charging mode switching charging system (1) provides an immediate computing unit (4) which is designed to selectively and dynamically, in particular automatically, selectively and dynamically control the switching between AC and DC charging mode.

4. Charging mode switching charging system (1) according to claim 4, wherein the immediate computing unit (4) further provides a communication module.

5. Charging mode switching charging system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the user can dynamically control the charging at least between an AC mode and a DC mode, preferably via a remote computing unit.

6. Charging mode switching charging system (1) according to claim 5, wherein the immediate computing unit controls an automatic switching of the charging mode based on unconsciously introduced modulations of the current and the voltage, preferably with less than 10% of the charging values, and / or sends a control request to the user via the communication module and / or a display.

7. Charging mode switching charging system (1) according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the switching between DC and AC is controlled by the energy storage device to be charged, particularly preferably by an electric vehicle, or by an operating unit on the multi-contact charging plug (2) or via a charging station connected to the system.

8. Charging mode switching charging system according to one of claims 1 - 7, further comprising at least one means for detecting a deviation of a grid parameter from the normal state, wherein the deviation manifests itself in the form of fluctuations in the grid frequency and / or grid voltage, and / or transient faults, and wherein the means is configured to detect fluctuations in the grid frequency and / or grid voltage, and / or to detect transient faults.

9. The charging mode switching charging system according to claim 8, wherein the charging mode switching charging system is configured to detect a deviation of a grid parameter from the normal state in real time or with a time delay of 1 ms to 300 s, preferably 1 ms to 60 s, particularly preferably 1 ms to 1 s.

10. Charging mode switching charging system according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the detected deviation of a network parameter from the normal state is provided in a form that can be read by a user and / or operator and / or automatically in order to enable automated switching of the charging mode and / or adjustment of the charging parameters.

11. Charging mode switching charging system according to one of claims 9 or 10, wherein the deviation of a grid parameter from the normal state is detected by the operator, in particular by an operator-side means for detecting a deviation of a grid parameter from the normal state, wherein the means is configured to detect fluctuations in the grid frequency and / or grid voltage, and / or to detect transient faults.

12. Charging station comprising at least one permanently integrated charging mode switching charging system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the charging station controls the switching of the charging process between DC and AC.

13. Charging station according to claim 12, wherein the choice of charging mode (DC or AC) is preferably made by the operator and / or the energy storage device to be charged, in particular the vehicle and / or the user, and is based on external conditions such as temperature and charge level of the accumulator, available charging time and capacity and availability.

14. A method for controlling and / or regulating a charging process of an energy storage device to be charged, in particular an electric vehicle, by means of a charging mode switching charging system according to one of claims 1 to 11, comprising the following steps: Monitoring (S01) a repetition frequency of an alternating current (AC) network during an AC charging mode by a computing unit, in particular by a direct computing unit (4), in a charging mode switching charging system (1), wherein the computing unit is equipped with a frequency sensor for detecting the repetition frequency; automatically adjusting (S02) the charging mode by the computing unit, in particular by the direct computing unit (4), upon detection of a decrease in the repetition frequency by the frequency sensor, wherein the adjustment is based on predefined threshold values ​​stored in the computing unit, in particular the direct computing unit (4), in order to select between a plurality of charging modes comprising at least alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) charging modes; Transmitting (S03) a signal representing the decrease in the repetition frequency from the charging mode switching charging system (1) to a remote charging mode switching charging system (1) by means of a communication module.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising the following step: Changing (S04) the charging mode by the remote charging mode switching charging system (1) in response to the received signal of the high network load, wherein the remote system is configured to autonomously control, in particular interrupt, pause or resume, and / or regulate, in particular reduce, the charging mode based on the received information and the analysis by a computing unit, in particular its own immediate computing unit, thereby ensuring that the network load is not too high.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the frequency sensor is further configured to continuously monitor the repetition frequency, and the immediate computing unit (4) is configured to perform the automatic adjustment of the charging mode at predetermined intervals.

17. The method according to claim 14 to 16, further comprising the step of: Providing feedback (S05) to the user regarding the setting of the charging mode via a user interface on the charging mode switching charging system (1) or a connected remote computing unit, wherein the feedback comprises at least one visual warning, an acoustic signal, or a haptic notification.

18. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the predefined thresholds comprise parameters for minimum and maximum acceptable repetition frequencies and the immediate computing unit (4) is configured to select the DC charging mode when the repetition frequency falls below the minimum threshold.

19. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the communication module is further configured to receive information about grid utilization and stability, weather and temperature data, user-related data, the availability of renewable energy and / or the energy price from an external database, and the immediate computing unit (4) is configured to set the charging mode based on the most cost-effective electricity tariffs available at the time of charging.

20. A computer program product comprising instructions which, when executed, cause a computer to monitor the repetition frequency during the charging process of an electric vehicle (S01) and / or to carry out the method according to any one of claims 14 to 19.

21. Method for controlling and / or regulating the charging process of an energy storage device to be charged, in particular an electric vehicle, at a charging station by means of a charging mode switching charging system according to one of claims 1 to 11, comprising the following steps: Detecting (E01) an ambient temperature around the plug area and / or a temperature of the energy storage device to be charged, in particular of the electric vehicle, by means of an integrated temperature sensor of a charging plug (2); Accessing (E02) a database with stored temperature values ​​corresponding to safe operating conditions by a computing unit (4); Comparing (E03) the detected ambient temperature and / or the temperature of the energy storage device to be charged by the computing unit (4) with the temperature values ​​stored in the database; Controlling or regulating (E04) the charging current by the computing unit (4) within the charging plug (2) when the detected temperature approaches a predefined threshold; wherein the charging plug (2) is part of a charging mode switching charging system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, comprising a charging cable (3), and wherein the computing unit (4) is further configured to adjust the charging voltage in conjunction with the charging current to optimise the charging process while preventing overheating.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the database contains temperature values ​​corresponding to a range of ambient temperature conditions under which the charging plug (2) is certified for safe operation, and wherein the computing unit (4) is configured to adjust the charging current so as to maintain the ambient temperature within this range.

23. The method of claim 21 or 22, further comprising the step of logging each instance in which the charging current is reduced due to a predefined temperature threshold approaching, and storing the instances in a memory for future analysis.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the future analysis comprises identifying patterns of overheating incidents and adjusting the predefined temperature threshold or the charging current reduction strategy based on those patterns.

25. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 24, wherein the computing unit (4) is configured to prioritize the reduction of the charging current based on the temperature data of the energy storage device to be charged over the ambient temperature when the temperature of the energy storage device to be charged is closer to its predefined threshold value.

26. A computer program product comprising instructions which, when executed, cause a computer to detect the ambient temperature around the plug area and / or a temperature of the energy storage device of the electric vehicle to be charged (E01) and / or to carry out the method according to one of claims 21 to 25.

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