Compounds, compositions and methods thereof
Patent Information
- Application Number
- EP2024884920
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-11-02
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-09
AI Technical Summary
Current pain management pharmacotherapies are limited in efficacy, often providing only partial relief and can be associated with adverse effects.
Development of compounds and compositions that selectively inhibit Voltage-gated Sodium Channel 1.8 (Nav1.8) to modulate pain pathways, offering nonaddictive analgesics for various pain conditions.
The compounds effectively reduce pain by inhibiting Nav1.8 channels, providing therapeutic benefits for conditions such as migraine, neuropathic pain, and inflammatory pain without the risk of addiction.
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Abstract
Description
COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS THEREOFTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides compounds and compositions, among other things, useful for modulating Voltage-gated Sodium Channel 1.8 (Nav 1.8) activities. In some embodiments, provided compounds and compositions are useful for preventing or treating Nav1.8 associated conditions, disorders or diseases, e.g., migraine, neurodegeneration following ischemia, epilepsy, inflammatory pain, spontaneous pain, acute pain, preoperative pain, perioperative pain, post-operative pain, and neuropathic pain, etc. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides technologies for preparing provided compounds and compositions.BACKGROUND
[0002] It is reported that pain is a modality of sensory stimulation and it functions as a vital warning signal, alerting the organism to the presence of tissue damage or injury, thereby triggering an appropriate response.
[0003] According to some reports, painful stimuli encompass electrical impulses transmitted from nociceptive dorsal root ganglion neurons through ascending spinal pathways, ultimately reaching the central nervous system (CNS) . Nociceptors are reported to express voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) that selectively facilitate the influx of sodium ions, playing a pivotal role in initiating and propagating action potentials (APs) (Yu et al., Genome Biology 4: 207, 2003) . It is reported that VGSCs comprise nine alpha subunits, encoded by the SCN1A-SCN11A genes, and are associated with beta subunits that are reported to modulate channel properties. Diverse electrophysiological characteristics of alpha subunits, sensed by the voltage sensor in segment 4 (S4) , have been reported to give rise to nine distinct Nav channel subtypes (Nav1.1–Nav1.9) exhibiting varied voltage-dependent properties and kinetics. These Nav channels are reported to be classified based on their pharmacological responsiveness to tetrodotoxin (TTX) , which has been reported to bind to Nav channels in nerve cell membranes, inhibiting neuronal action potential firing. It has been reported that sensitive channels (TTXs) include Nav1.1–1.4, Nav1.6, and Nav1.7, whereas resistant channels (TTXr) encompass Nav1.5, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9. Moreover, Nav channel expression has been reported to exhibit tissue-specific patterns, with Nav1.1 and Nav1.6 according to some reports predominantly found in the CNS, while Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 are according to some reports prevalent in peripheral nervous system (PNS) neurons.
[0004] Nav1.8, encoded by the SCN10A gene, reportedly demonstrates selective expression in nociceptors within the small and medium-sized dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of the peripheral system, typically characterized by diameters less than 30 μm according to some reports. These DRG neurons have been reported to play a pivotal role as primary sensory neurons involved in the perception of pain. It is reported that they receive and process injury-related signals originating from peripheral nerve endings, subsequently relaying this information to the spinal cord for further processing and integration. It has been reported that the increased excitability of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons plays a significant role in various peripheral pain mechanisms. In the context of nociceptors, Nav1.8 is reported to actively contributes to the generation of the initial phase of action potentials. Mutations or deletions affecting Nav1.8 have been reported to show an association with neuropathic pain. For example, it has been reported that proexcitatory mutations in Nav1.8 have been identified in patients diagnosed with painful small fiber neuropathy. Nav1.8 knockout has been reported to lead to a blunted pain phenotype, primarily observed in the context of inflammatory challenges (A. N. Akopian et al., Nat. Neurosci. 1999; 2; 541-548) . Additionally, Nav1.8 knockdown has been reported to reduce pain-related behaviors, including in cases of neuropathic pain (J. Lai et al., Pain, 2002 (Jan) ; 95 (1-2) : 143-152) . Furthermore, a natural variant, A1073V, which induces a shift in the voltage dependence of activation toward a more depolarized direction, appears to ameliorate pain symptoms according to some reports.SUMMARY
[0005] Among other things, the present disclosure encompasses the recognition that efficacy of existing pharmacotherapies for pain management is limited, often yielding only partial relief or in some cases proving ineffective altogether. Moreover, certain existing treatments can be accompanied by notable adverse effects. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides technologies including improved pain therapeutics for the urgent healthcare need.
[0006] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides technologies targeting Nav1.8 voltage-gated sodium ion channels, e.g., with modulators such as inhibitors, to offer therapeutics useful for treatment or prevention of various conditions, disorders or diseases associated with Nav1.8. In some embodiments, provided technologies, e.g., compounds having the structure of formula I, formula I’ or formula II, or salts thereof, can selectively inhibit Nav1.8 channels. In some embodiments, provided technologies selectively inhibit peripheral Nav1.8 channels and represent a strategy for nonaddictive analgesics. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides nonaddictive analgesics. In some embodiments, a condition, disorder or disease is migraine, neurodegeneration following ischemia, epilepsy, inflammatory pain, spontaneous pain, acute pain, preoperative pain, perioperative pain, post-operative pain, neuropathic pain, chronic itch, or an itch disorder.
[0007] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides various compounds, e.g., compounds having the structure of formula I or salts thereof, and compositions and methods thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound, wherein the compound has the structure of formula I:
[0008] or a salt thereof, wherein:
[0009] R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from 6-10 membered aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, 3-10 membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and a bicyclic ring wherein the first ring is attached to the nitrogen atom and is a phenyl ring or a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and the second ring is a phenyl ring, a 5-10 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, or a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; or R1 is
[0010] R1’ is R’ , or R1 and R1’ are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-10 membered ring having 0-6 heteroatoms in addition to the nitrogen atom;
[0011] Q is O, S, NRQ;
[0012] RQ is -R’ or -OR’ ;
[0013] R2 is an optionally substituted group selected from phenyl, 3-10 membered cycloaliphatic, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; or R2 is -LR2-RB;
[0014] LR2 is absent or -O-, -S-or optionally substituted -CH2-;
[0015] RB is
[0016] R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, -CN or R;
[0017] each X is independently -O-, -S-, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -S (O) (NRQX) -, -Se-, -Se (O) -, -Se (O) 2-, -C (Rx) 2-, or optionally substituted -CH2-;
[0018] each Rx is independently -R’ or -N (R’ ) 2;
[0019] each RQX is independently -R’ or -OR’ ;
[0020] x is 1 or 2;
[0021] W is N, C, C (Rw) , or optionally substituted CH, wherein Rw is -R’ or -N (R’ ) 2, and when W is C, Z is C;
[0022] Z is N, C, C (Rz) , or optionally substituted CH, wherein Rz is -R’ or -N (R’ ) 2, and when Z is C, W is C or Y is -C (Ry) = or optionally substituted -CH=;
[0023] each Y is independently -O-, -S-, –N (Ry) -, -C (Ry) 2-, -C (Ry) =, optionally substituted -CH2-, or optionally substituted -CH=, wherein each Ry is independently -R’ or -N (R) 2, and when the Y bonded to Z is -C (Ry) = or optionally substituted -CH=, Z is C;
[0024] y is 1 or 2;
[0025] each of Ring A and Ring B is independently an optionally substituted 3-10 membered ring having 0-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur;
[0026] each Rs1 is independently halogen, -CN, -Ls1-Rs11, -ORs11, -NRs11Rs12, -C (O) Rs11, -C (O) NRs11Rs12, -C (NRs13) NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2Rs11, -S (O) Rs11, -S (O) (NRs12) Rs11, -S (O) NRs11Rs12, -C (O) N (Rs13) S (O) 2NRs11Rs12, or -OS (O) 2NRs11Rs12;
[0027] each Ls1 is independently absent or an optionally substituted bivalent C1-6 aliphatic chain or C1-4 heteroaliphatic chain having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein one or more methylene units of the C1-6 aliphatic chain or the C1-4 heteroaliphatic chain are optionally and independently replaced with -C (O) -, -C (O) N (RLs1) -, -C (S) -, -C (S) N (RLs1) -, -C (=NRLs2) -, -C (=NRLs2) N (RLs1) -, -O-, -S-, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -S (O) 2N (RLs1) -, -OS (O) 2N (RLs1) -, -S (O) (=NRLs1) -, -N (RLs1) -, -P (O) (RLs1) -, -P (O) (RLs1) O-, -P (S) (RLs1) -, -P (S) (RLs1) O-, or -Cy-;
[0028] each -Cy-is independently an optionally substituted bivalent 3-10 membered ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur;
[0029] each Rs2 is independently halogen, -CN, -Rs21, -ORs21, -NRs21Rs22, -C (O) Rs21, -C (O) NRs21Rs22, -SRs21, -S (O) 2NRs21Rs22, -S (O) 2Rs21, -S (O) Rs21, -S (O) (NRs22) Rs21, -S (O) NRs21Rs22, -SF5, or -OS (O) 2NRs21Rs22;
[0030] each of s1 and s2 is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;
[0031] each of Rs11, Rs12, Rs13, Rs21, Rs22, RLs1 and RLs2 is independently R’ ;
[0032] each is independently a single or double bond;
[0033] each R’ is independently R, -OR, -C (O) R, -C (O) OR, -S (O) R, or -S (O) 2R;
[0034] each R is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, C1-C6 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, 3-10 membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, 6-10 membered aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, 6-10 membered aryl- C1-C6 aliphatic, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms-C1-C6 aliphatic wherein each heteroatom is independently selected nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; or
[0035] two R groups on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted 3-10 membered ring having, in addition to the atom, 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; or
[0036] two R groups on two atoms are optionally and independently taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 3-10 membered ring having, in addition to the intervening atoms, 0-4 heteroatoms.
[0037] In some embodiments, when X is -O-, W is not -CH-or Z is not -CH-or Y is not -C (Ry) 2-.
[0038] In some embodiments, a provided compound is a compound of formula I’ :
[0039] or a salt thereof.
[0040] In some embodiments, a provided compound is a compound of formula II:
[0041] or a salt thereof, wherein each variable is independently as described herein.
[0042] In some embodiments, a provided compound is a compound of formula II’ :
[0043] or a salt thereof, wherein each variable is independently as described herein.
[0044] In some embodiments, a compound is a compound of formula I’ or formula II’ , or a salt thereof, wherein:
[0045] R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from 6-10 membered aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and a bicyclic ring wherein the first ring is attached to the nitrogen atom and is a phenyl ring or a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and the second ring is a phenyl ring, a 5-10 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, or a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; or R1 is
[0046] R1’ is R’ , or R1 and R1’ are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-6 membered ring having 0-3 heteroatoms in addition to the nitrogen atom;
[0047] R2 is an optionally substituted group selected from phenyl and 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; or R2 is
[0048] R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, -CN or R;
[0049] X is -O-, -S-, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, or -C (Rx) 2-, wherein each Rx is independently hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic, OR, or -N (R) 2;
[0050] W is N, C, or C (Rw) , wherein Rw is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic, OR, or -N (R) 2, wherein when W is C, Z is C;
[0051] Z is N, C, or C (Rz) , wherein Rz is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic, OR, or -N (R) 2, wherein when Z is C, W is C or Y is -C (Ry) =;
[0052] Y is -O-, -S-, –N (Ry) -, -C (Ry) 2-, or -C (Ry) =, wherein each Ry is independently hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic, OR, or -N (R) 2, wherein when Y is -C (Ry) =, Z is C;
[0053] each of Ring A and Ring B is independently an optionally substituted 5-6 membered aromatic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur;
[0054] each Rs1 is independently halogen, -CN, Rs11, -ORs11, -NRs11Rs12, -C (O) Rs11, -C (O) NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2Rs11, -S (O) Rs11, -S (O) (NRs12) Rs11, -S (O) NRs11Rs12, or -OS (O) 2NRs11Rs12;
[0055] each Rs2 is independently halogen, -CN, Rs21, -ORs21, -NRs21Rs22, -C (O) Rs21, -C (O) NRs21Rs22, -S (O) 2NRs21Rs22, -S (O) 2Rs21, -S (O) Rs21, -S (O) (NRs22) Rs21, -S (O) NRs21Rs22, or -OS (O) 2NRs21Rs22;
[0056] each of s1 and s2 is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;
[0057] each of Rs11, Rs12, Rs21 and Rs22 is independently R’ ;
[0058] each is independently a single or double bond;
[0059] each R’ is independently R, -OR, -C (O) R, -C (O) OR, -S (O) R, or -S (O) 2R;
[0060] each R is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, C1-C6 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, 3-10 membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, 6-10 membered aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, 6-10 membered aryl-C1-C6 aliphatic, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms-C1-C6 aliphatic wherein each heteroatom is independently selected nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; or
[0061] two R groups on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted 3-10 membered ring having, in addition to the atom, 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; or
[0062] two R groups on two atoms are optionally and independently taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 3-10 membered ring having, in addition to the intervening atoms, 0-4 heteroatoms; and
[0063] wherein when X is -O-, W is not -CH-or Z is not -CH-or Y is not -C (Ry) 2-.
[0064] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition of a provided compound. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a provided compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition delivering a provided compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0065] Provided technologies are useful for many purposes. In some embodiments, provided compounds are useful as sodium channel modulators. In some embodiments, provided compounds are Nav1.8 modulators. In some embodiments, provided technologies (e.g., compounds, compositions, methods, etc. ) are useful for preventing or treating various conditions, disorders or diseases. In some embodiments, a condition, disorder or disease is a Nav1.8-associated condition, disorder or disease. In some embodiments, a condition, disorder or disease is or comprises migraine, neurodegeneration following ischemia, epilepsy, inflammatory pain, spontaneous pain, acute pain, preoperative pain, perioperative pain, post-operative pain, neuropathic pain, chronic itch, and itch disorders. In some embodiments, a condition, disorder or disease is associated with administration of another therapeutic agent.
[0066] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for preventing a condition, disorder or disease, comprising administering or delivering to a subject susceptible thereto an effective amount of a provided compound, e.g., a compound of formula I, formula I’ or formula II, or a salt thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for treating a condition, disorder or disease, comprising administering or delivering to a subject suffering therefrom an effective amount a provided compound, e.g., a compound of formula I, formula I’ or formula II, or a salt thereof. In some embodiments, a condition, disorder or disease is a Nav1.8-associated condition, disorder or disease. In some embodiments, a condition, disorder or disease is associated with Nav1.8 activation. In some embodiments, a condition, disorder or disease is or comprises migraine, neurodegeneration following ischemia, epilepsy, inflammatory pain, spontaneous pain, acute pain, preoperative pain, perioperative pain, post-operative pain, neuropathic pain, chronic itch, and itch disorders.
[0067] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for preventing a condition, disorder or disease, comprising administering or delivering to a subject susceptible thereto an effective amount a provided compound and another agent. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for treating a condition, disorder or disease, comprising administering or delivering to a subject suffering therefrom an effective amount a provided compound and another agent.
[0068] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides technologies, e.g., methods, reagents, etc., for preparing a compound of formula I, formula I’ or formula II, or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0069] Figure 1. Provided compounds can reduce inflammatory pain. Antinociceptive effects of compounds in CFA model of inflammatory pain were confirmed. *p<0.05, ***p<0.001 vs model group.
[0070] Figure 2. Provided compounds can reduce neuropathic pain. Antinociceptive effects of compounds in CCI model of neuropathic pain were confirmed. ***p<0.001, vs Model group; ###p<0.001, vs Contralateral.
[0071] Figure 3. Provided compounds can reduce post-surgical pain. Antinociceptive effects of compounds in hind paw incision model of post-surgical pain were confirmed. ***p<0.001 vs model group; ###P<0.001, vs sham.
[0072] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN EMBODIMENTS
[0073] Technologies of the present disclosure may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of certain embodiments.
[0074] Definitions
[0075] As used herein, the following definitions shall apply unless otherwise indicated. For purposes of this disclosure, the chemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75th Ed. Additionally, general principles of organic chemistry are described in "Organic Chemistry" , Thomas Sorrell, University Science Books, Sausalito: 1999, and "March's Advanced Organic Chemistry" , 5th Ed., Ed.: Smith, M.B. and March, J., John Wiley &Sons, New York: 2001.
[0076] As used in the present disclosure, unless otherwise clear from context, (i) the term “a” or “an” may be understood to mean “at least one” ; (ii) the term “or” may be understood to mean “and / or” ; (iii) the terms “comprising” , “comprise” , “including” (whether used with “not limited to” or not) , and “include” (whether used with “not limited to” or not) may be understood to encompass itemized components or steps whether presented by themselves or together with one or more additional components or steps; (iv) the term “another” may be understood to mean at least an additional / second one or more; (v) the terms “about” and “approximately” may be understood to permit standard variation as would be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art; and (vi) where ranges are provided, endpoints are included. Unless otherwise clear from context, isomers of compounds are included. As appreciated by those skilled in the art, compounds may be provided, administered, or delivered in various forms, e.g., salts (e.g., pharmaceutically acceptable salts) , solvates, hydrates, esters, prodrugs, tautomers, etc.
[0077] As used herein, the prefix “rac-, ” when used in connection with a chiral compound, refers to a racemic composition or preparation of the compound. With a “rac-” prefix, (R) -and (S) designators in a chemical name reflect relative stereochemistry.
[0078] As used herein, the prefix “rel-" when used in connection with a chiral compound, refers to a single enantiomer of unknown or unspecified absolute configuration. In a compound bearing the “rel-" prefix, the (R) -and (S) -designators in the chemical name reflect the relative stereochemistry of the compound, but do not necessarily reflect the absolute stereochemistry of the compound. Where the relative stereochemistry of a given stereocenter is unknown, no stereochemical designator is provided. In some instances, the absolute configuration of some stereocenters is known, while only the relative configuration of the other stereocenters is known.
[0079] Aliphatic: As used herein, “aliphatic” means a straight-chain (i.e., unbranched) or branched, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon chain that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation (but not aromatic) , or a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic, bicyclic, or polycyclic hydrocarbon ring that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation (but not aromatic) , or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-50 aliphatic carbon atoms. In some embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-20 aliphatic carbon atoms. In other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-10 aliphatic carbon atoms. In other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-9 aliphatic carbon atoms. In other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-8 aliphatic carbon atoms. In other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-7 aliphatic carbon atoms. In other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-6 aliphatic carbon atoms. In still other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-5 aliphatic carbon atoms, and in yet other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1, 2, 3, or 4 aliphatic carbon atoms. Suitable aliphatic groups include, but are not limited to, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl groups and hybrids thereof such as (cycloalkyl) alkyl, (cycloalkenyl) alkyl or (cycloalkyl) alkenyl.
[0080] Alkenyl: As used herein, the term “alkenyl” refers to an aliphatic group, as defined herein, having one or more double bonds.
[0081] Alkyl: As used herein, the term “alkyl” is given its ordinary meaning in the art and may include saturated aliphatic groups, including straight-chain alkyl groups, branched-chain alkyl groups, cycloalkyl (alicyclic) groups, alkyl substituted cycloalkyl groups, and cycloalkyl substituted alkyl groups. In some embodiments, alkyl has 1-100 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, a straight chain or branched chain alkyl has about 1-20 carbon atoms in its backbone (e.g., C1-C20 for straight chain, C2-C20 for branched chain) , and alternatively, about 1-10. In some embodiments, cycloalkyl rings have from about 3-10 carbon atoms in their ring structure where such rings are monocyclic, bicyclic, or polycyclic, and alternatively about 5, 6 or 7 carbons in the ring structure. In some embodiments, an alkyl group may be a lower alkyl group, wherein a lower alkyl group comprises 1-4 carbon atoms (e.g., C1-C4 for straight chain lower alkyls) .
[0082] Alkynyl: As used herein, the term “alkynyl” refers to an aliphatic group, as defined herein, having one or more triple bonds.
[0083] Animal: As used herein, the term “animal” refers to any member of the animal kingdom. In some embodiments, “animal” refers to humans, at any stage of development. In some embodiments, “animal” refers to non-human animals, at any stage of development. In certain embodiments, the non-human animal is a mammal (e.g., a rodent, a mouse, a rat, a rabbit, a monkey, a dog, a cat, a sheep, cattle, a primate and / or a pig) . In some embodiments, animals include, but are not limited to, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish and / or worms. In some embodiments, an animal may be a transgenic animal, a genetically-engineered animal and / or a clone.
[0084] Aryl: The term “aryl" , as used herein, used alone or as part of a larger moiety as in “aralkyl, ” “aralkoxy, ” or “aryloxyalkyl, ” refers to monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring systems having a total of five to thirty ring members, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic. In some embodiments, an aryl group is a monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring system having a total of five to fourteen ring members, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic, and wherein each ring in the system contains 3 to 7 ring members. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is aromatic. In some embodiments, an aryl group is a biaryl group. The term “aryl” may be used interchangeably with the term “aryl ring. ” In certain embodiments of the present disclosure, “aryl” refers to an aromatic ring system which includes, but is not limited to, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, binaphthyl, anthracyl and the like, which may bear one or more substituents. Also included within the scope of the term “aryl, ” as it is used herein, is a group in which an aromatic ring is fused to one or more non–aromatic rings, such as indanyl, phthalimidyl, naphthimidyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like.
[0085] Comparable: The term “comparable” is used herein to describe two (or more) sets of conditions or circumstances that are sufficiently similar to one another to permit comparison of results obtained or phenomena observed. In some embodiments, comparable sets of conditions or circumstances are characterized by a plurality of substantially identical features and one or a small number of varied features. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that sets of conditions are comparable to one another when characterized by a sufficient number and type of substantially identical features to warrant a reasonable conclusion that differences in results obtained or phenomena observed under the different sets of conditions or circumstances are caused by or indicative of the variation in those features that are varied.
[0086] Cycloaliphatic: The term “cycloaliphatic, ” “carbocycle, ” “carbocyclyl, ” “carbocyclic radical, ” and “carbocyclic ring, ” are used interchangeably, and as used herein, refer to saturated or partially unsaturated, but non-aromatic, cyclic aliphatic monocyclic, bicyclic, or polycyclic ring systems, as described herein, having, unless otherwise specified, from 3 to 30 ring members. Cycloaliphatic groups include, without limitation, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclooctyl, cyclooctenyl, norbornyl, adamantyl, and cyclooctadienyl. In some embodiments, a cycloaliphatic group has 3–6 carbons. In some embodiments, a cycloaliphatic group is saturated and is cycloalkyl. The term “cycloaliphatic” may also include aliphatic rings that are fused to one or more aromatic or nonaromatic rings, such as decahydronaphthyl or tetrahydronaphthyl. In some embodiments, a cycloaliphatic group is bicyclic. In some embodiments, a cycloaliphatic group is tricyclic. In some embodiments, a cycloaliphatic group is polycyclic. In some embodiments, “cycloaliphatic” refers to C3-C6 monocyclic hydrocarbon, or C8-C10 bicyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon, that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic, that has a single point of attachment to the rest of the molecule, or a C9-C16 polycyclic hydrocarbon that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic, that has a single point of attachment to the rest of the molecule.
[0087] Heteroaliphatic: The term “heteroaliphatic” , as used herein, is given its ordinary meaning in the art and refers to aliphatic groups as described herein in which one or more carbon atoms are independently replaced with one or more heteroatoms (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, phosphorus, and the like) . In some embodiments, one or more units selected from C, CH, CH2, and CH3 are independently replaced by one or more heteroatoms (including oxidized and / or substituted forms thereof) . In some embodiments, a heteroaliphatic group is heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, a heteroaliphatic group is heteroalkenyl.
[0088] Heteroalkyl: The term “heteroalkyl” , as used herein, is given its ordinary meaning in the art and refers to alkyl groups as described herein in which one or more carbon atoms are independently replaced with one or more heteroatoms (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, phosphorus, and the like) . Examples of heteroalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, alkoxy, poly (ethylene glycol) -, alkyl-substituted amino, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, etc.
[0089] Heteroaryl: The terms “heteroaryl” and “heteroar–” , as used herein, used alone or as part of a larger moiety, e.g., “heteroaralkyl, ” or “heteroaralkoxy, ” refer to monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring systems having a total of five to thirty ring members, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic and at least one aromatic ring atom is a heteroatom. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl group is a group having 5 to 10 ring atoms (i.e., monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic) , in some embodiments 5, 6, 9, or 10 ring atoms. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is aromatic. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl group has 6, 10, or 14 π electrons shared in a cyclic array; and having, in addition to carbon atoms, from one to five heteroatoms. Heteroaryl groups include, without limitation, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, indolizinyl, purinyl, naphthyridinyl, and pteridinyl. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl is a heterobiaryl group, such as bipyridyl and the like. The terms “heteroaryl” and “heteroar–” , as used herein, also include groups in which a heteroaromatic ring is fused to one or more aryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclyl rings, where the radical or point of attachment is on the heteroaromatic ring. Non-limiting examples include indolyl, isoindolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 4H–quinolizinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, and pyrido [2, 3–b] –1, 4–oxazin–3 (4H) –one. A heteroaryl group may be monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic. The term “heteroaryl” may be used interchangeably with the terms “heteroaryl ring, ” “heteroaryl group, ” or “heteroaromatic, ” any of which terms include rings that are optionally substituted. The term “heteroaralkyl” refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heteroaryl group, wherein the alkyl and heteroaryl portions independently are optionally substituted.
[0090] Heteroatom: The term “heteroatom" , as used herein, means an atom that is not carbon or hydrogen. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is boron, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, or silicon (including oxidized forms of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, or silicon; charged forms of nitrogen (e.g., quaternized forms, forms as in iminium groups, etc. ) , phosphorus, sulfur, oxygen; etc. ) . In some embodiments, a heteroatom is silicon, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is silicon, oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen.
[0091] Heterocycle: As used herein, the terms “heterocycle, ” “heterocyclyl, ” “heterocyclic radical, ” and “heterocyclic ring" , as used herein, are used interchangeably and refer to a monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring moiety (e.g., 3-30 membered) that is saturated or partially unsaturated and has one or more heteroatom ring atoms. In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl group is a stable 5–to 7–membered monocyclic or 7–to 10–membered bicyclic heterocyclic moiety that is either saturated or partially unsaturated, and having, in addition to carbon atoms, one or more, preferably one to four, heteroatoms, as defined above. When used in reference to a ring atom of a heterocycle, the term "nitrogen" includes substituted nitrogen. As an example, in a saturated or partially unsaturated ring having 0–3 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, the nitrogen may be N (as in 3, 4–dihydro–2H–pyrrolyl) , NH (as in pyrrolidinyl) , or +NR (as in N–substituted pyrrolidinyl) . A heterocyclic ring can be attached to its pendant group at any heteroatom or carbon atom that results in a stable structure and any of the ring atoms can be optionally substituted. Examples of such saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic radicals include, without limitation, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperazinyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, diazepinyl, oxazepinyl, thiazepinyl, morpholinyl, and quinuclidinyl. The terms “heterocycle, ” “heterocyclyl, ” “heterocyclyl ring, ” “heterocyclic group, ” “heterocyclic moiety, ” and “heterocyclic radical, ” are used interchangeably herein, and also include groups in which a heterocyclyl ring is fused to one or more aryl, heteroaryl, or cycloaliphatic rings, such as indolinyl, 3H–indolyl, chromanyl, phenanthridinyl, or tetrahydroquinolinyl. A heterocyclyl group may be monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic. The term “heterocyclylalkyl” refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl and heterocyclyl portions independently are optionally substituted.
[0092] Optionally Substituted: As described herein, compounds of the disclosure may contain optionally substituted, substituted and / or unsubstituted moieties. In general, the term “substituted, ” means that one or more hydrogens of the designated moiety are independently replaced with a substituent. Unless otherwise indicated, an “optionally substituted” group may independently have a substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure may be substituted with two or more substituents, the substituents may be either the same or different at every position. In some embodiments, an optionally substituted group is unsubstituted. In some embodiments, an optionally substituted group is substituted. Various substituents are described below.
[0093] Monovalent substituents are independently halogen; – (CH2) 0–4R○; – (CH2) 0–4OR○; -O (CH2) 0-4R○, –O– (CH2) 0–4C (O) OR○; – (CH2) 0–4CH (OR○) 2; – (CH2) 0–4Ph, which may be substituted with R○; - (CH2) 0–4O (CH2) 0–1Ph which may be substituted with R○; –CH=CHPh, which may be substituted with R○; – (CH2) 0–4O (CH2) 0–1-pyridyl which may be substituted with R○; –NO2; –CN; –N3; - (CH2) 0–4N (R○) 2; – (CH2) 0–4N (R○) C (O) R○; –N (R○) C (S) R○; – (CH2) 0–4N (R○) C (O) N (R○) 2; -N (R○) C (S) N (R○) 2; – (CH2) 0–4N (R○) C (O) OR○; –N (R○) N (R○) C (O) R○; -N (R○) N (R○) C (O) N (R○) 2; -N (R○) N (R○) C (O) OR○; – (CH2) 0–4C (O) R○; –C (S) R○; – (CH2) 0–4C (O) OR○; – (CH2) 0–4C (O) SR○; - (CH2) 0–4C (O) OSi (R○) 3; – (CH2) 0–4OC (O) R○; –OC (O) (CH2) 0–4SR○, -SC (S) SR○; - (CH2) 0–4SC (O) R○; – (CH2) 0–4C (O) N (R○) 2; –C (S) N (R○) 2; –C (S) SR○; -SC (S) SR○, - (CH2) 0–4OC (O) N (R○) 2; -C (O) N (OR○) R○; –C (O) C (O) R○; –C (O) CH2C (O) R○; -C (NOR○) R○; - (CH2) 0–4SSR○; – (CH2) 0–4S (O) 2R○; – (CH2) 0–4S (O) 2OR○; – (CH2) 0–4OS (O) 2R○; -S (O) 2N (R○) 2; - (CH2) 0–4S (O) R○; –N (R○) S (O) 2N (R○) 2; –N (R○) S (O) 2R○; –N (OR○) R○; -C (NH) N (R○) 2; –Si (R○) 3; –OSi (R○) 3; -P (R○) 2; -P (OR○) 2; -OP (R○) 2; -OP (OR○) 2; -N (R○) P (R○) 2; -B (R○) 2; -OB (R○) 2; -P (O) (R○) 2; -OP (O) (R○) 2; -N (R○) P (O) (R○) 2; – (C1-4 straight or branched alkylene) O–N (R○) 2; or – (C1-4 straight or branched alkylene) C (O) O–N (R○) 2; wherein each R○ may be independently substituted as defined below and is independently hydrogen, C1-10 (e.g., C1-6, C1-4, etc. ) aliphatic, C1-10 (e.g., C1-6, C1-4, etc. ) heteroaliphatic having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, silicon and phosphorus, C6-10 (e.g., C6, C10, etc. ) aryl, 5-10 (e.g., 5-9, 5-6, 5, 6, 9, 10, etc. ) membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, -CH2- (C6-10 (e.g., C6, C10, etc. ) aryl) , -O (CH2) 0-1 (C6-10 (e.g., C6, C10, etc. ) aryl) , -CH2- (5-10 (e.g., 5-9, 5-6, 5, 6, 9, 10, etc. ) membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur) , -O (CH2) 0-1 (5-10 (e.g., 5-9, 5-6, 5, 6, 9, 10, etc. ) membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur) , a 3-10 (e.g., 3-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered, monocyclic, bicyclic, or polycyclic, saturated, or partially unsaturated ring having 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, silicon and phosphorus, or, notwithstanding the definition above, two independent occurrences of R○, taken together with their intervening atom (s) , form a 3-10 (e.g., 3-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered, monocyclic, bicyclic, or polycyclic, saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic ring (for aromatic ring, 5-10 (e.g., 5-9, 5-6, 5, 6, 9, 10, etc. ) membered) having, in addition to the intervening atom (s) , 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, silicon and phosphorus, which may be substituted as defined below.
[0094] Monovalent substituents on R○ (or the ring formed by taking two independent occurrences of R○ together with their intervening atoms) , are independently halogen, – (CH2) 0–2R●, – (haloR●) , – (CH2) 0–2OH, – (CH2) 0–2OR●, – (CH2) 0–2CH (OR●) 2; –O (haloR●) , –CN, –N3, – (CH2) 0–2C (O) R●, – (CH2) 0–2C (O) OH, – (CH2) 0–2C (O) OR●, – (CH2) 0–2SR●, – (CH2) 0–2SH, – (CH2) 0–2NH2, – (CH2) 0–2NHR●, – (CH2) 0–2NR●2, –NO2, –SiR●3, –OSiR●3, -C (O) SR●, – (C1–4 straight or branched alkylene) C (O) OR●, or –SSR● wherein each R● is unsubstituted or where preceded by “halo” is substituted only with one or more halogens, and is independently selected from C1–4 aliphatic, –CH2Ph, –O (CH2) 0–1Ph, or a 3-6 (e.g., 3-5, 5-6, etc. ) -membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic ring (for aromatic ring, 5-or 6-membered) having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Divalent substituents on a saturated carbon atom of R○ are independently =O or =S.
[0095] Divalent substituents are independently the following: =O, =S, =NNR*2, =NNHC (O) R*, =NNHC (O) OR*, =NNHS (O) 2R*, =NR*, =NOR*, -O (C (R*2) ) 2–3O-, or -S (C (R*2) ) 2–3S-, wherein each independent occurrence of R*is selected from hydrogen, C1-6 aliphatic which may be substituted as defined below, or an unsubstituted 3-6 (e.g., 3-5, 5-6, etc. ) -membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic ring (for aromatic ring, 5-or 6-membered) having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Divalent substituents that are bound to vicinal substitutable carbons of an “optionally substituted” group are independently -O (CR*2) 2–3O-, wherein each independent occurrence of R*is selected from hydrogen, C1-6 aliphatic which may be substituted as defined below, or an unsubstituted 3-6 (e.g., 3-5, 5-6, etc. ) -membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic ring (for aromatic ring, 5-or 6-membered) having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
[0096] Substituents on the aliphatic group of R*are independently halogen, –R●, - (haloR●) , –OH, -OR●, –O (haloR●) , –CN, –C (O) OH, –C (O) OR●, –NH2, –NHR●, –NR●2, or –NO2, wherein each R● is unsubstituted or where preceded by “halo” is substituted only with one or more halogens, and is independently C1–4 aliphatic, –CH2Ph, –O (CH2) 0–1Ph, or a 3-6 (e.g., 3-5, 5-6, etc. ) -membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic ring (for aromatic ring, 5-or 6-membered) having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
[0097] Substituents on a substitutable nitrogen are independently wherein each is independently hydrogen, C1–6 aliphatic which may be substituted as defined below, unsubstituted –OPh, or an unsubstituted 3-6 (e.g., 3-5, 5-6, etc. ) -membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic ring (for aromatic ring, 5-or 6-membered) having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or, notwithstanding the definition above, two independent occurrences of taken together with their intervening atom (s) form an unsubstituted 3–12 (e.g., 3-10, 3-6, 5-10, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl mono–or bicyclic ring having 0–4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
[0098] Substituents on the aliphatic group of are independently halogen, -R●, - (haloR●) , -OH, –OR●, –O (haloR●) , –CN, –C (O) OH, –C (O) OR●, –NH2, –NHR●, –NR●2, or –NO2, wherein each R● is unsubstituted or where preceded by “halo” is substituted only with one or more halogens, and is independently C1–4 aliphatic, –CH2Ph, –O (CH2) 0–1Ph, or a 3-6 (e.g., 3-5, 5-6, etc. ) -membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic ring (for aromatic ring, 5-or 6-membered) having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
[0099] Partially unsaturated: As used herein, the term “partially unsaturated” refers to a ring moiety that includes at least one double or triple bond. The term “partially unsaturated” is intended to encompass rings having multiple sites of unsaturation, but is not intended to include aryl or heteroaryl moieties, as herein defined.
[0100] Pharmaceutical composition: As used herein, the term “pharmaceutical composition” refers to an active agent, formulated together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. In some embodiments, an active agent is present in unit dose amount appropriate for administration in a therapeutic regimen that shows a statistically significant probability of achieving a predetermined therapeutic effect when administered to a relevant population. In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions may be specially formulated for administration in solid or liquid form, including those adapted for the following: oral administration, for example, drenches (aqueous or non-aqueous solutions or suspensions) , tablets, e.g., those targeted for buccal, sublingual, and systemic absorption, boluses, powders, granules, pastes for application to the tongue; parenteral administration, for example, by subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or epidural injection as, for example, a sterile solution or suspension, or sustained-release formulation; topical application, for example, as a cream, ointment, or a controlled-release patch or spray applied to the skin, lungs, or oral cavity; intravaginally or intrarectally, for example, as a pessary, cream, or foam; sublingually; ocularly; transdermally; or nasally, pulmonary, and to other mucosal surfaces.
[0101] Pharmaceutically acceptable: As used herein, the phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to those compounds, materials, compositions and / or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio.
[0102] Pharmaceutically acceptable carrier: As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” means a pharmaceutically-acceptable material, composition or vehicle, such as a liquid or solid filler, diluent, excipient, or solvent encapsulating material, involved in carrying or transporting the subject compound from one organ, or portion of the body, to another organ, or portion of the body. Each carrier must be “acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not injurious to the patient. Some examples of materials which can serve as pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers include: sugars, such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; starches, such as corn starch and potato starch; cellulose, and its derivatives, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; powdered tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc; excipients, such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes; oils, such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil and soybean oil; glycols, such as propylene glycol; polyols, such as glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol and polyethylene glycol; esters, such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate; agar; buffering agents, such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; alginic acid; pyrogen-free water; isotonic saline; Ringer’s solution; ethyl alcohol; pH buffered solutions; polyesters, polycarbonates and / or polyanhydrides; and other non-toxic compatible substances employed in pharmaceutical formulations.
[0103] Pharmaceutically acceptable salt: The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” , as used herein, refers to salts of such compounds that are appropriate for use in pharmaceutical contexts, i.e., salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art. For example, S. M. Berge, et al. describes pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 66: 1-19 (1977) . In some embodiments, pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, nontoxic acid addition salts, which are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid or with organic acids such as acetic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid or malonic acid or by using other methods used in the art such as ion exchange. In some embodiments, pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, stearate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, p-toluenesulfonate, undecanoate, valerate salts, and the like. In some embodiments, a provided compound comprises one or more acidic groups, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is an alkali, alkaline earth metal, or ammonium (e.g., an ammonium salt of N (R) 3, wherein each R is independently defined and described in the present disclosure) salt. Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like. In some embodiments, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is a sodium salt. In some embodiments, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is a potassium salt. In some embodiments, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is a calcium salt. In some embodiments, pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, sulfonate and aryl sulfonate. In some embodiments, a provided compound comprises two or more acid groups. In some embodiments, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or generally a salt, of such a compound comprises two or more cations, which can be the same or different. In some embodiments, in a pharmaceutically acceptable salt (or generally, a salt) , all ionizable hydrogen (e.g., in an aqueous solution with a pKa no more than about 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, or 2; in some embodiments, no more than about 7; in some embodiments, no more than about 6; in some embodiments, no more than about 5; in some embodiments, no more than about 4; in some embodiments, no more than about 3) in the acidic groups are replaced with cations.
[0104] Protecting group: The term “protecting group, ” as used herein, is well known in the art and includes those described in detail in Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, 3rd edition, John Wiley &Sons, 1999, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. Also included are those protecting groups specially adapted for nucleoside and nucleotide chemistry described in Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry, edited by Serge L. Beaucage et al. 06 / 2012, the entirety of Chapter 2 is incorporated herein by reference. Suitable amino–protecting groups include methyl carbamate, ethyl carbamante, 9–fluorenylmethyl carbamate (Fmoc) , 9– (2–sulfo) fluorenylmethyl carbamate, 9– (2, 7–dibromo) fluoroenylmethyl carbamate, 2, 7–di–t–butyl– [9– (10, 10–dioxo–10, 10, 10, 10–tetrahydrothioxanthyl) ] methyl carbamate (DBD–Tmoc) , 4–methoxyphenacyl carbamate (Phenoc) , 2, 2, 2–trichloroethyl carbamate (Troc) , 2–trimethylsilylethyl carbamate (Teoc) , 2–phenylethyl carbamate (hZ) , 1– (1–adamantyl) –1–methylethyl carbamate (Adpoc) , 1, 1–dimethyl–2–haloethyl carbamate, 1, 1–dimethyl–2, 2–dibromoethyl carbamate (DB–t–BOC) , 1, 1–dimethyl–2, 2, 2–trichloroethyl carbamate (TCBOC) , 1–methyl–1– (4–biphenylyl) ethyl carbamate (Bpoc) , 1– (3, 5–di–t–butylphenyl) –1–methylethyl carbamate (t–Bumeoc) , 2– (2’ –and 4’ –pyridyl) ethyl carbamate (Pyoc) , 2– (N, N–dicyclohexylcarboxamido) ethyl carbamate, t–butyl carbamate (BOC) , 1–adamantyl carbamate (Adoc) , vinyl carbamate (Voc) , allyl carbamate (Alloc) , 1–isopropylallyl carbamate (Ipaoc) , cinnamyl carbamate (Coc) , 4–nitrocinnamyl carbamate (Noc) , 8–quinolyl carbamate, N–hydroxypiperidinyl carbamate, alkyldithio carbamate, benzyl carbamate (Cbz) , p–methoxybenzyl carbamate (Moz) , p–nitobenzyl carbamate, p–bromobenzyl carbamate, p–chlorobenzyl carbamate, 2, 4–dichlorobenzyl carbamate, 4–methylsulfinylbenzyl carbamate (Msz) , 9–anthrylmethyl carbamate, diphenylmethyl carbamate, 2–methylthioethyl carbamate, 2–methylsulfonylethyl carbamate, 2– (p–toluenesulfonyl) ethyl carbamate, [2– (1, 3–dithianyl) ] methyl carbamate (Dmoc) , 4–methylthiophenyl carbamate (Mtpc) , 2, 4–dimethylthiophenyl carbamate (Bmpc) , 2–phosphonioethyl carbamate (Peoc) , 2–triphenylphosphonioisopropyl carbamate (Ppoc) , 1, 1–dimethyl–2–cyanoethyl carbamate, m–chloro–p–acyloxybenzyl carbamate, p– (dihydroxyboryl) benzyl carbamate, 5–benzisoxazolylmethyl carbamate, 2– (trifluoromethyl) –6–chromonylmethyl carbamate (Tcroc) , m–nitrophenyl carbamate, 3, 5– dimethoxybenzyl carbamate, o–nitrobenzyl carbamate, 3, 4–dimethoxy–6–nitrobenzyl carbamate, phenyl (o–nitrophenyl) methyl carbamate, phenothiazinyl– (10) –carbonyl derivative, N’ –p–toluenesulfonylaminocarbonyl derivative, N’ –phenylaminothiocarbonyl derivative, t–amyl carbamate, S–benzyl thiocarbamate, p–cyanobenzyl carbamate, cyclobutyl carbamate, cyclohexyl carbamate, cyclopentyl carbamate, cyclopropylmethyl carbamate, p–decyloxybenzyl carbamate, 2, 2–dimethoxycarbonylvinyl carbamate, o– (N, N–dimethylcarboxamido) benzyl carbamate, 1, 1–dimethyl–3– (N, N–dimethylcarboxamido) propyl carbamate, 1, 1–dimethylpropynyl carbamate, di (2–pyridyl) methyl carbamate, 2–furanylmethyl carbamate, 2–iodoethyl carbamate, isoborynl carbamate, isobutyl carbamate, isonicotinyl carbamate, p– (p’ –methoxyphenylazo) benzyl carbamate, 1–methylcyclobutyl carbamate, 1–methylcyclohexyl carbamate, 1–methyl–1–cyclopropylmethyl carbamate, 1–methyl–1– (3, 5–dimethoxyphenyl) ethyl carbamate, 1–methyl–1– (p–phenylazophenyl) ethyl carbamate, 1–methyl–1–phenylethyl carbamate, 1–methyl–1– (4–pyridyl) ethyl carbamate, phenyl carbamate, p– (phenylazo) benzyl carbamate, 2, 4, 6–tri–t–butylphenyl carbamate, 4– (trimethylammonium) benzyl carbamate, 2, 4, 6–trimethylbenzyl carbamate, formamide, acetamide, chloroacetamide, trichloroacetamide, trifluoroacetamide, phenylacetamide, 3–phenylpropanamide, picolinamide, 3–pyridylcarboxamide, N–benzoylphenylalanyl derivative, benzamide, p–phenylbenzamide, o–nitophenylacetamide, o–nitrophenoxyacetamide, acetoacetamide, (N’ –dithiobenzyloxycarbonylamino) acetamide, 3– (p–hydroxyphenyl) propanamide, 3– (o–nitrophenyl) propanamide, 2–methyl–2– (o–nitrophenoxy) propanamide, 2–methyl–2– (o–phenylazophenoxy) propanamide, 4–chlorobutanamide, 3–methyl–3–nitrobutanamide, o–nitrocinnamide, N–acetylmethionine derivative, o–nitrobenzamide, o– (benzoyloxymethyl) benzamide, 4, 5–diphenyl–3–oxazolin–2–one, N–phthalimide, N–dithiasuccinimide (Dts) , N–2, 3–diphenylmaleimide, N–2, 5–dimethylpyrrole, N–1, 1, 4, 4–tetramethyldisilylazacyclopentane adduct (STABASE) , 5–substituted 1, 3–dimethyl–1, 3, 5–triazacyclohexan–2–one, 5–substituted 1, 3–dibenzyl–1, 3, 5–triazacyclohexan–2–one, 1–substituted 3, 5–dinitro–4–pyridone, N–methylamine, N–allylamine, N– [2– (trimethylsilyl) ethoxy] methylamine (SEM) , N–3–acetoxypropylamine, N– (1–isopropyl–4–nitro–2–oxo–3–pyrolin–3–yl) amine, quaternary ammonium salts, N–benzylamine, N–di (4–methoxyphenyl) methylamine, N–5–dibenzosuberylamine, N–triphenylmethylamine (Tr) , N– [ (4–methoxyphenyl) diphenylmethyl] amine (MMTr) , N–9–phenylfluorenylamine (PhF) , N–2, 7–dichloro–9–fluorenylmethyleneamine, N–ferrocenylmethylamine (Fcm) , N–2–picolylamine N’ –oxide, N–1, 1–dimethylthiomethyleneamine, N–benzylideneamine, N–p–methoxybenzylideneamine, N–diphenylmethyleneamine, N– [ (2–pyridyl) mesityl] methyleneamine, N– (N’ , N’ –dimethylaminomethylene) amine, N, N’ –isopropylidenediamine, N–p–nitrobenzylideneamine, N–salicylideneamine, N–5–chlorosalicylideneamine, N– (5–chloro–2–hydroxyphenyl) phenylmethyleneamine, N–cyclohexylideneamine, N– (5, 5–dimethyl–3–oxo–1– cyclohexenyl) amine, N–borane derivative, N–diphenylborinic acid derivative, N– [phenyl (pentacarbonylchromium–or tungsten) carbonyl] amine, N–copper chelate, N–zinc chelate, N–nitroamine, N–nitrosoamine, amine N–oxide, diphenylphosphinamide (Dpp) , dimethylthiophosphinamide (Mpt) , diphenylthiophosphinamide (Ppt) , dialkyl phosphoramidates, dibenzyl phosphoramidate, diphenyl phosphoramidate, benzenesulfenamide, o–nitrobenzenesulfenamide (Nps) , 2, 4–dinitrobenzenesulfenamide, pentachlorobenzenesulfenamide, 2–nitro–4–methoxybenzenesulfenamide, triphenylmethylsulfenamide, 3–nitropyridinesulfenamide (Npys) , p–toluenesulfonamide (Ts) , benzenesulfonamide, 2, 3, 6, –trimethyl–4–methoxybenzenesulfonamide (Mtr) , 2, 4, 6–trimethoxybenzenesulfonamide (Mtb) , 2, 6–dimethyl–4–methoxybenzenesulfonamide (Pme) , 2, 3, 5, 6–tetramethyl–4–methoxybenzenesulfonamide (Mte) , 4–methoxybenzenesulfonamide (Mbs) , 2, 4, 6–trimethylbenzenesulfonamide (Mts) , 2, 6–dimethoxy–4–methylbenzenesulfonamide (iMds) , 2, 2, 5, 7, 8–pentamethylchroman–6–sulfonamide (Pmc) , methanesulfonamide (Ms) , β–trimethylsilylethanesulfonamide (SES) , 9–anthracenesulfonamide, 4– (4’ , 8’ –dimethoxynaphthylmethyl) benzenesulfonamide (DNMBS) , benzylsulfonamide, trifluoromethylsulfonamide, and phenacylsulfonamide.
[0105] Suitably protected carboxylic acids further include, but are not limited to, silyl–, alkyl–, alkenyl–, aryl–, and arylalkyl–protected carboxylic acids. Examples of suitable silyl groups include trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, t–butyldimethylsilyl, t–butyldiphenylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, and the like. Examples of suitable alkyl groups include methyl, benzyl, p–methoxybenzyl, 3, 4–dimethoxybenzyl, trityl, t–butyl, tetrahydropyran–2–yl. Examples of suitable alkenyl groups include allyl. Examples of suitable aryl groups include optionally substituted phenyl, biphenyl, or naphthyl. Examples of suitable arylalkyl groups include optionally substituted benzyl (e.g., p–methoxybenzyl (MPM) , 3, 4–dimethoxybenzyl, o–nitrobenzyl, p–nitrobenzyl, p–halobenzyl, 2, 6–dichlorobenzyl, p–cyanobenzyl) , and 2–and 4–picolyl.
[0106] Suitable hydroxyl protecting groups include methyl, methoxylmethyl (MOM) , methylthiomethyl (MTM) , t–butylthiomethyl, (phenyldimethylsilyl) methoxymethyl (SMOM) , benzyloxymethyl (BOM) , p–methoxybenzyloxymethyl (PMBM) , (4–methoxyphenoxy) methyl (p–AOM) , guaiacolmethyl (GUM) , t–butoxymethyl, 4–pentenyloxymethyl (POM) , siloxymethyl, 2–methoxyethoxymethyl (MEM) , 2, 2, 2–trichloroethoxymethyl, bis (2–chloroethoxy) methyl, 2– (trimethylsilyl) ethoxymethyl (SEMOR) , tetrahydropyranyl (THP) , 3–bromotetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, 1–methoxycyclohexyl, 4–methoxytetrahydropyranyl (MTHP) , 4–methoxytetrahydrothiopyranyl, 4–methoxytetrahydrothiopyranyl S, S–dioxide, 1– [ (2–chloro–4–methyl) phenyl] –4–methoxypiperidin–4–yl (CTMP) , 1, 4–dioxan–2–yl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiofuranyl, 2, 3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7a–octahydro–7, 8, 8–trimethyl–4, 7–methanobenzofuran–2–yl, 1– ethoxyethyl, 1– (2–chloroethoxy) ethyl, 1–methyl–1–methoxyethyl, 1–methyl–1–benzyloxyethyl, 1–methyl–1–benzyloxy–2–fluoroethyl, 2, 2, 2–trichloroethyl, 2–trimethylsilylethyl, 2– (phenylselenyl) ethyl, t–butyl, allyl, p–chlorophenyl, p–methoxyphenyl, 2, 4–dinitrophenyl, benzyl, p–methoxybenzyl, 3, 4–dimethoxybenzyl, o–nitrobenzyl, p–nitrobenzyl, p–halobenzyl, 2, 6–dichlorobenzyl, p–cyanobenzyl, p–phenylbenzyl, 2–picolyl, 4–picolyl, 3–methyl–2–picolyl N–oxido, diphenylmethyl, p, p’ –dinitrobenzhydryl, 5–dibenzosuberyl, triphenylmethyl, α–naphthyldiphenylmethyl, p–methoxyphenyldiphenylmethyl, di (p–methoxyphenyl) phenylmethyl, tri (p–methoxyphenyl) methyl, 4– (4’ –bromophenacyloxyphenyl) diphenylmethyl, 4, 4’ , 4” –tris (4, 5–dichlorophthalimidophenyl) methyl, 4, 4’ , 4” –tris (levulinoyloxyphenyl) methyl, 4, 4’ , 4” –tris (benzoyloxyphenyl) methyl, 3– (imidazol–1–yl) bis (4’ , 4” –dimethoxyphenyl) methyl, 1, 1–bis (4–methoxyphenyl) –1’ –pyrenylmethyl, 9–anthryl, 9– (9–phenyl) xanthenyl, 9– (9–phenyl–10–oxo) anthryl, 1, 3–benzodithiolan–2–yl, benzisothiazolyl S, S–dioxido, trimethylsilyl (TMS) , triethylsilyl (TES) , triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) , dimethylisopropylsilyl (IPDMS) , diethylisopropylsilyl (DEIPS) , dimethylthexylsilyl, t–butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) , t–butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) , tribenzylsilyl, tri–p–xylylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, diphenylmethylsilyl (DPMS) , t–butylmethoxyphenylsilyl (TBMPS) , formate, benzoylformate, acetate, chloroacetate, dichloroacetate, trichloroacetate, trifluoroacetate, methoxyacetate, triphenylmethoxyacetate, phenoxyacetate, p–chlorophenoxyacetate, 3–phenylpropionate, 4–oxopentanoate (levulinate) , 4, 4– (ethylenedithio) pentanoate (levulinoyldithioacetal) , pivaloate, adamantoate, crotonate, 4–methoxycrotonate, benzoate, p–phenylbenzoate, 2, 4, 6–trimethylbenzoate (mesitoate) , alkyl methyl carbonate, 9–fluorenylmethyl carbonate (Fmoc) , alkyl ethyl carbonate, alkyl 2, 2, 2–trichloroethyl carbonate (Troc) , 2– (trimethylsilyl) ethyl carbonate (TMSEC) , 2– (phenylsulfonyl) ethyl carbonate (Psec) , 2– (triphenylphosphonio) ethyl carbonate (Peoc) , alkyl isobutyl carbonate, alkyl vinyl carbonate, alkyl allyl carbonate, alkyl p–nitrophenyl carbonate, alkyl benzyl carbonate, alkyl p–methoxybenzyl carbonate, alkyl 3, 4–dimethoxybenzyl carbonate, alkyl o–nitrobenzyl carbonate, alkyl p–nitrobenzyl carbonate, alkyl S–benzyl thiocarbonate, 4–ethoxy–1–napththyl carbonate, methyl dithiocarbonate, 2–iodobenzoate, 4–azidobutyrate, 4–nitro–4–methylpentanoate, o– (dibromomethyl) benzoate, 2–formylbenzenesulfonate, 2– (methylthiomethoxy) ethyl, 4– (methylthiomethoxy) butyrate, 2– (methylthiomethoxymethyl) benzoate, 2, 6–dichloro–4–methylphenoxyacetate, 2, 6–dichloro–4– (1, 1, 3, 3–tetramethylbutyl) phenoxyacetate, 2, 4–bis (1, 1–dimethylpropyl) phenoxyacetate, chlorodiphenylacetate, isobutyrate, monosuccinoate, (E) –2–methyl–2–butenoate, o– (methoxycarbonyl) benzoate, α–naphthoate, nitrate, alkyl N, N, N’ , N’ –tetramethylphosphorodiamidate, alkyl N–phenylcarbamate, borate, dimethylphosphinothioyl, alkyl 2, 4–dinitrophenylsulfenate, sulfate, methanesulfonate (mesylate) , benzylsulfonate, and tosylate (Ts) . For protecting 1, 2–or 1, 3–diols, the protecting groups include methylene acetal, ethylidene acetal, 1–t–butylethylidene ketal, 1–phenylethylidene ketal, (4–methoxyphenyl) ethylidene acetal, 2, 2, 2– trichloroethylidene acetal, acetonide, cyclopentylidene ketal, cyclohexylidene ketal, cycloheptylidene ketal, benzylidene acetal, p–methoxybenzylidene acetal, 2, 4–dimethoxybenzylidene acetal, 3, 4–dimethoxybenzylidene acetal, 2–nitrobenzylidene acetal, methoxymethylene acetal, ethoxymethylene acetal, dimethoxymethylene ortho ester, 1–methoxyethylidene ortho ester, 1–ethoxyethylidine ortho ester, 1, 2–dimethoxyethylidene ortho ester, α–methoxybenzylidene ortho ester, 1– (N, N–dimethylamino) ethylidene derivative, α– (N, N’ –dimethylamino) benzylidene derivative, 2–oxacyclopentylidene ortho ester, di–t–butylsilylene group (DTBS) , 1, 3– (1, 1, 3, 3–tetraisopropyldisiloxanylidene) derivative (TIPDS) , tetra–t–butoxydisiloxane–1, 3–diylidene derivative (TBDS) , cyclic carbonates, cyclic boronates, ethyl boronate, and phenyl boronate.
[0107] In some embodiments, a hydroxyl protecting group is acetyl, t-butyl, tbutoxymethyl, methoxymethyl, tetrahydropyranyl, 1 -ethoxyethyl, 1 - (2-chloroethoxy) ethyl, 2-trimethylsilylethyl, p-chlorophenyl, 2, 4-dinitrophenyl, benzyl, benzoyl, p-phenylbenzoyl, 2, 6-dichlorobenzyl, diphenylmethyl, p-nitrobenzyl, triphenylmethyl (trityl) , 4, 4'-dimethoxytrityl, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, benzoylformate, chloroacetyl, trichloroacetyl, trifiuoroacetyl, pivaloyl, 9-fluorenylmethyl carbonate, mesylate, tosylate, triflate, trityl, monomethoxytrityl (MMTr) , 4, 4'-dimethoxytrityl (DMTr) and 4, 4', 4” -trimethoxytrityl (TMTr) , 2-cyanoethyl (CE or Cne) , 2- (trimethylsilyl) ethyl (TSE) , 2- (2-nitrophenyl) ethyl, 2- (4-cyanophenyl) ethyl 2- (4-nitrophenyl) ethyl (NPE) , 2- (4-nitrophenylsulfonyl) ethyl, 3, 5-dichlorophenyl, 2, 4-dimethylphenyl, 2-nitrophenyl, 4-nitrophenyl, 2, 4, 6-trimethylphenyl, 2- (2-nitrophenyl) ethyl, butylthiocarbonyl, 4, 4', 4” -tris (benzoyloxy) trityl, diphenylcarbamoyl, levulinyl, 2- (dibromomethyl) benzoyl (Dbmb) , 2- (isopropylthiomethoxymethyl) benzoyl (Ptmt) , 9-phenylxanthen-9-yl (pixyl) or 9- (p-methoxyphenyl) xanthine-9-y1 (MOX) . In some embodiments, each of the hydroxyl protecting groups is, independently selected from acetyl, benzyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl and 4, 4'-dimethoxytrityl. In some embodiments, the hydroxyl protecting group is selected from the group consisting of trityl, monomethoxytrityl and 4, 4'-dimethoxytrityl group. In some embodiments a protecting group is 2-cyanoethyl (CE or Cne) , 2-trimethylsilylethyl, 2-nitroethyl, 2-sulfonylethyl, methyl, benzyl, o-nitrobenzyl, 2- (p-nitrophenyl) ethyl (NPE or Npe) , 2-phenylethyl, 3- (N-tert-butylcarboxamido) -1-propyl, 4-oxopentyl, 4-methylthio-l-butyl, 2-cyano-1, 1-dimethylethyl, 4-N-methylaminobutyl, 3- (2-pyridyl) -1-propyl, 2- [N-methyl-N- (2-pyridyl) ] aminoethyl, 2- (N-formyl, N-methyl) aminoethyl, or 4- [N-methyl-N- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetyl) amino] butyl.
[0108] Subject: As used herein, the term “subject” or “test subject” refers to any organism to which a compound or composition is administered in accordance with the present disclosure e.g., for experimental, diagnostic, prophylactic and / or therapeutic purposes. Typical subjects include animals (e.g., mammals such as mice, rats, rabbits, non-human primates, and humans; insects; worms; etc. ) and plants. In some embodiments, a subject is a human. In some embodiments, a subject may be suffering from and / or susceptible to a disease, disorder and / or condition.
[0109] Substantially: As used herein, the term “substantially” refers to the qualitative condition of exhibiting total or near-total extent or degree of a characteristic or property of interest. One of ordinary skill in the biological and / or chemical arts will understand that biological and chemical phenomena rarely, if ever, go to completion and / or proceed to completeness or achieve or avoid an absolute result. The term “substantially” is therefore used herein to capture the potential lack of completeness inherent in many biological and / or chemical phenomena.
[0110] Susceptible to: An individual who is “susceptible to” a disease, disorder and / or condition is one who has a higher risk of developing the disease, disorder and / or condition than does a member of the general public. In some embodiments, an individual who is susceptible to a disease, disorder and / or condition is predisposed to have that disease, disorder and / or condition. In some embodiments, an individual who is susceptible to a disease, disorder and / or condition may not have been diagnosed with the disease, disorder and / or condition. In some embodiments, an individual who is susceptible to a disease, disorder and / or condition may exhibit symptoms of the disease, disorder and / or condition. In some embodiments, an individual who is susceptible to a disease, disorder and / or condition may not exhibit symptoms of the disease, disorder and / or condition. In some embodiments, an individual who is susceptible to a disease, disorder, and / or condition will develop the disease, disorder, and / or condition. In some embodiments, an individual who is susceptible to a disease, disorder, and / or condition will not develop the disease, disorder, and / or condition.
[0111] Therapeutic agent: As used herein, the term “therapeutic agent” in general refers to any agent that elicits a desired effect (e.g., a desired biological, clinical, or pharmacological effect) when administered to a subject. In some embodiments, an agent is considered to be a therapeutic agent if it demonstrates a statistically significant effect across an appropriate population. In some embodiments, an appropriate population is a population of subjects suffering from and / or susceptible to a disease, disorder or condition. In some embodiments, an appropriate population is a population of model organisms. In some embodiments, an appropriate population may be defined by one or more criterion such as age group, gender, genetic background, preexisting clinical conditions, prior exposure to therapy. In some embodiments, a therapeutic agent is a substance that alleviates, ameliorates, relieves, inhibits, prevents, delays onset of, reduces severity of, and / or reduces incidence of one or more symptoms or features of a disease, disorder, and / or condition in a subject when administered to the subject in an effective amount. In some embodiments, a “therapeutic agent” is an agent that has been or is required to be approved by a government agency before it can be marketed for administration to humans. In some embodiments, a “therapeutic agent” is an agent for which a medical prescription is required for administration to humans. In some embodiments, a therapeutic agent is a provided compound.
[0112] Therapeutically effective amount: As used herein, the term “therapeutically effective amount” means an amount of a substance (e.g., a therapeutic agent, composition, and / or formulation) that elicits a desired biological response when administered as part of a therapeutic regimen. In some embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount of a substance is an amount that is sufficient, when administered to a subject suffering from or susceptible to a disease, disorder, and / or condition, to treat, diagnose, prevent, and / or delay the onset of the disease, disorder, and / or condition. As will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in this art, the effective amount of a substance may vary depending on such factors as the desired biological endpoint, the substance to be delivered, the target cell or tissue, etc. For example, the effective amount of compound in a formulation to treat a disease, disorder, and / or condition is the amount that alleviates, ameliorates, relieves, inhibits, prevents, delays onset of, reduces severity of and / or reduces incidence of one or more symptoms or features of the disease, disorder, and / or condition. In some embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount is administered in a single dose; in some embodiments, multiple unit doses are required to deliver a therapeutically effective amount.
[0113] Treat: As used herein, the term “treat, ” “treatment, ” or “treating” refers to any method used to partially or completely alleviate, ameliorate, relieve, inhibit, prevent, delay onset of, reduce severity of, and / or reduce incidence of one or more symptoms or features of a disease, disorder, and / or condition. Treatment may be administered to a subject who does not exhibit signs of a disease, disorder, and / or condition. In some embodiments, treatment may be administered to a subject who exhibits only early signs of the disease, disorder, and / or condition, for example for the purpose of decreasing the risk of developing pathology associated with the disease, disorder, and / or condition.
[0114] Unsaturated: The term "unsaturated, " as used herein, means that a moiety has one or more units of unsaturation.
[0115] In some embodiments, compounds or compositions comprise enriched levels of one or more isotopes. For example, in some embodiments, provided compounds or compositions comprise enriched levels of deuterium (D) . Various technologies are available for incorporating enriched levels of various isotopes and can be utilized in accordance with the present disclosure. In some embodiments, one or more isotopes at one or more positions in a compound are independently enriched, e.g., relative to natural abundances. In some embodiments, an enrichment is about or at least about 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000 or 10000 fold. In some embodiments, an enrichment is such that about or at least about 1%, 2%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%of the molecules of the compound has a particular isotope at a particular position, wherein the percentage is higher than a reference (e.g., the percentage in an un-enriched preparation of the compound, natural abundance, the percentage at one or more unenriched positions, etc. ) . In some embodiments, a compound has an isotopic purity of about 5%-100% (e.g., about 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.9%or more, or about 5%-100%, 10%-100%, 20%-100%, 30%-100%, 50%-100%, 80%-100%, 90-100%, 95%-100%, 96%-100%, 97%-100%, 98%-100%, 99%-100%, 95-99%, 95%-99.5%, 95%-99.9%, etc. ) . In some embodiments, an isotopic purity is about 5%-100%(e.g., about 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.9%or more, or about 5%-100%, 10%-100%, 20%-100%, 30%-100%, 50%-100%, 80%-100%, 90-100%, 95%-100%, 96%-100%, 97%-100%, 98%-100%, 99%-100%, 95-99%, 95%-99.5%, 95%-99.9%, etc. ) with respect to an isotope at a position. For example, in some embodiments, a compound comprises one or more D at one or more positions, and for each D at a particular position, its isotopic purity is independently about 5%-100% (e.g., about 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.9%or more, or about 5%-100%, 10%-100%, 20%-100%, 30%-100%, 50%-100%, 80%-100%, 90-100%, 95%-100%, 96%-100%, 97%-100%, 98%-100%, 99%-100%, 95-99%, 95%-99.5%, 95%-99.9%, etc. ) . In some embodiments, an isotopic purity is about 5%or more. In some embodiments, an isotopic purity is about 10%or more. In some embodiments, an isotopic purity is about 20%or more. In some embodiments, an isotopic purity is about 30%or more. In some embodiments, an isotopic purity is about 40%or more. In some embodiments, an isotopic purity is about 50%or more. In some embodiments, an isotopic purity is about 60%or more. In some embodiments, an isotopic purity is about 70%or more. In some embodiments, an isotopic purity is about 80%or more. In some embodiments, an isotopic purity is about 90%or more. For example, in some embodiments, R is -CD3, and a compound or composition has an isotopic purity for each D independently as described herein.
[0116] As those skilled in the art will appreciate, methods and compositions described herein relating to provided compounds generally also apply to pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such compounds.
[0117] Certain Embodiments of Compounds
[0118] Among other things, the present disclosure provides compounds that are useful for various purposes. In some embodiments, a provided compound is a compound of formula I:
[0119] or a salt thereof, wherein each variable is independently as described herein.
[0120] In some embodiments, a provided compound is a compound of formula II:
[0121] or a salt thereof, wherein each variable is independently as described herein.
[0122] In some embodiments, a provided compound is a compound of formula II’ :
[0123] or a salt thereof, wherein each variable is independently as described herein.
[0124] Certain embodiments for various variables in various formulae (e.g., formula I, formula I’ , formula II, etc. ) are described herein as examples. Those skilled in the art reading the present disclosure will be able to select an embodiment for each variable and combine them; such combinations are within the scope the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art also appreciate that embodiments described for one variable (e.g., R) may be utilized for other variables that can be such variable (e.g., R’ , Rs11, Rs12, Rs21, Rs22, Rs31, Rs32, Rs41, Rs42, etc. that can be R) .
[0125] R1
[0126] As described herein, R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from 6-10 membered aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, 3-10 membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and a bicyclic ring wherein the first ring is attached to the nitrogen atom and is a phenyl ring or a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and the second ring is a phenyl ring, a 5-10 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, or a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; or R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from 6-10 membered aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and a bicyclic ring wherein the first ring is attached to the nitrogen atom and is a phenyl ring or a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and the second ring is a phenyl ring, a 5-10 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, or a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 is
[0127] In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, R1 is phenyl. In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted naphthyl. In some embodiments, R1 is naphthyl.
[0128] In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted bicyclic 9-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0129] In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0130] In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 2 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1 heteroatom. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having an oxygen atom. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having a nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having a sulfur atom. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 2 heteroatoms one of which is nitrogen. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 2 heteroatoms independently selected from N and S. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen and oxygen. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 2 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 3 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, a ring has a single heteroatom. In some embodiments, a ring has two or more heteroatoms at least one of which is nitrogen. In some embodiments, each is nitrogen. In some embodiments, all heteroatoms are the same. In some embodiments, at least one heteroatom is different from the other heteroatom (s) .
[0131] In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 2 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having a nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 2 heteroatoms each of which is nitrogen. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 3 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 3 heteroatoms wherein one is nitrogen.
[0132] In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 9-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 9-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 9-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 9-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0133] In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 10-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 10-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 10-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 10-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0134] In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 3-10 membered cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 3-7 membered cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 3-6 membered cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 3-membered cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 4-membered cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-membered cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 7-membered cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 8-membered cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 9-membered cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 10-membered cycloaliphatic.
[0135] In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 3-10 membered partially unsaturated cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 3-7 membered partially unsaturated cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 3-6 membered partially unsaturated cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 3-membered partially unsaturated cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 4-membered partially unsaturated cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-membered partially unsaturated cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered partially unsaturated cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 7-membered partially unsaturated cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 8-membered partially unsaturated cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 9-membered partially unsaturated cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 10-membered partially unsaturated cycloaliphatic. For example, in some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is
[0136] In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 3-10 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 3-10 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 3-10 membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 3-7 membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 3-membered heterocyclyl having one heteroatom independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 4-membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 7-membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0137] In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted bicyclic ring wherein the first ring is attached to the nitrogen atom and is a phenyl ring or a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and the second ring is a phenyl ring, a 5-10 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, or a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, the first ring is an optionally substituted phenyl ring. In some embodiments, the first ring is a phenyl ring. In some embodiments, the first ring is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, the first ring is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, the second ring is an optionally substituted phenyl ring. In some embodiments, the second ring is a phenyl ring. In some embodiments, the second ring is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, the second ring is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, the second ring is an optionally substituted 3-10 membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, the second ring is an optionally substituted 3-10 membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, the second ring is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, the second ring is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, the second ring is an optionally substituted 5-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, the second ring is an optionally substituted 6-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, the first ring and the second ring are fused.
[0138] In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted pyridyl. In some embodiments, R1 is pyridyl. In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, a nitrogen atom is in an oxidized form. For example, in some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted Ring A
[0139] In some embodiments, R1 is wherein each variable is independently as described herein.
[0140] In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 4-10, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0-6 (e.g., 0, 1-6, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 4-10, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0-4 (e.g., 0, 1-4, 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring A is 4-10 membered. In some embodiments, Ring A is 4-9 membered. In some embodiments, Ring A is 4-8 membered. In some embodiments, Ring A is 4-7 membered. In some embodiments, Ring A is 4-6 membered.
[0141] In some embodiments, Ring A is aromatic. In some embodiments, Ring A is not aromatic. In some embodiments, Ring A is saturated. In some embodiments, Ring A is partially unsaturated.
[0142] In some embodiments, Ring A has one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring A has no heteroatoms.
[0143] In some embodiments, Ring A is monocyclic. In some embodiments, Ring A is bicyclic. In some embodiments, Ring A is bicyclic and each monocyclic ring unit is independently a 3-9 (e.g., 3-7, 4-7, 4-6, 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered ring. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 3-7 membered. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 4-7 membered. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 5-7 membered. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 5-or 6-membered. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is 6-membered. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is 5-membered. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is aromatic. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is aromatic, 6-membered and have no heteroatom. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is heteroaromatic. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is heteroaromatic and 5-membered. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is heteroaromatic and 6-membered. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is not aromatic.
[0144] In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted phenyl ring. In some embodiments, Ring A is a phenyl ring. In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted 10-membered aromatic ring having no heteroatoms.
[0145] In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-6 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-6 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0146] In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered aromatic ring having 0-4 (e.g., 0, 1-4, 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted phenyl ring. In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring A is a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring A is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms one of which is nitrogen and the other of which is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring A is 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring A is a 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having one nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, Ring A is 6-membered heteroaryl ring having one nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted pyridinyl ring. In some embodiments, Ring A is a pyridinyl ring. In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having two nitrogen atoms.
[0147] In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-4 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted 3-10 membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted 4-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted 5-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted 6-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted 7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0148] In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted pyridyl. In some embodiments, Ring A is pyridyl. In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted In some embodiments, a nitrogen atom is in an oxidized form. For example, in some embodiments, Ring A is optionally substituted
[0149] In some embodiments, one or more occurrences of Rs1 (up to s1) are attached to such Ring A. Rs1
[0150] In some embodiments, each Rs1 is independently halogen, -CN, -Ls1-Rs11, -ORs11, -NRs11Rs12, -C (O) Rs11, -C (O) NRs11Rs12, -C (NR’ ) NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2Rs11, -S (O) Rs11, -S (O) (NRs12) Rs11, -S (O) NRs11Rs12, -C (O) N (Rs13) S (O) 2NRs11Rs12, or -OS (O) 2NRs11Rs12. In some embodiments, each Rs1 is independently halogen, -CN, Rs11, -ORs11, -NRs11Rs12, -C (O) Rs11, -C (O) NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2Rs11, -S (O) Rs11, -S (O) (NRs12) Rs11, -S (O) NRs11Rs12, or -OS (O) 2NRs11Rs12.
[0151] In some embodiments, each Rs1 is independently selected from halogen, -CN, Rs11, -ORs11, -NRs11Rs12, -C (O) Rs11, -C (O) NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2Rs11, -S (O) Rs11, -S (O) (NRs12) Rs11, -S (O) NRs11Rs12, and -OS (O) 2NRs11Rs12, wherein each of Rs11 and Rs12 is independently -H or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-C6 aliphatic or a 5-6 membered ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents (e.g., 1-3) independently selected from halogen, -OH or =O. In some embodiments, each Rs1 is independently selected from halogen, -CN, Rs11, -ORs11, -NRs11Rs12, -C (O) Rs11, -C (O) NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2Rs11, -S (O) Rs11, -S (O) (NRs12) Rs11, -S (O) NRs11Rs12, and -OS (O) 2NRs11Rs12, wherein each of Rs11 and Rs12 is independently -H or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-C6 aliphatic or a 5-6 membered saturated ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents (e.g., 1-3) independently selected from halogen, -OH or =O. In some embodiments, each Rs1 is independently selected from halogen, -CN, Rs11, -ORs11, -NRs11Rs12, -C (O) Rs11, -C (O) NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2Rs11, -S (O) Rs11, -S (O) (NRs12) Rs11, -S (O) NRs11Rs12, and -OS (O) 2NRs11Rs12, wherein each of Rs11 and Rs12 is independently -H or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-C6 aliphatic or a 5-6 membered saturated ring having 0-4 nitrogen, wherein the group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents (e.g., 1-3) independently selected from halogen, -OH or =O. In some embodiments, each Rs1 is independently selected from halogen, -CN, Rs11, -ORs11, -NRs11Rs12, -C (O) Rs11, -C (O) NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2Rs11, -S (O) Rs11, -S (O) (NRs12) Rs11, -S (O) NRs11Rs12, and -OS (O) 2NRs11Rs12, wherein each of Rs11 and Rs12 is independently -H or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-C6 aliphatic or a 5-6 membered saturated ring having 1-2 nitrogen, wherein the group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents (e.g., 1-3) independently selected from halogen, -OH or =O. In some embodiments, each halogen is -F.
[0152] In some embodiments, an occurrence of Rs1 is halogen. In some embodiments, Rs1 is F. In some embodiments, Rs1 is Cl. In some embodiments, Rs1 is Br. In some embodiments, Rs1 is I.
[0153] In some embodiments, Rs1 is CN.
[0154] In some embodiments, Rs1 is -Ls1-Rs11, wherein each variable is independently as described herein.
[0155] In some embodiments, Rs1 is Rs11, wherein Rs11 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is R wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -ORs11, wherein Rs11 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NRs11Rs12, wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NHRs11 wherein Rs11 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NHRs11 wherein Rs11 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -C (O) Rs11 wherein Rs11 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -C (O) Rs11 wherein Rs11 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -C (O) NRs11Rs12, wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -C (O) NHRs11 wherein Rs11 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -C (O) NHRs11 wherein Rs11 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -C (NRs13) NRs11Rs12 wherein of Rs11, Rs12 and Rs13 is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -C (NH) NRs11Rs12 wherein of Rs11 and Rs12 is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -C (NH) NRs11Rs12 wherein Rs11 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -S (O) 2NRs11Rs12, wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -S (O) 2NHRs11, wherein Rs11 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -S (O) 2NHRs11, wherein Rs11 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -S (O) 2Rs11, wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -S (O) Rs11, wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -S (O) (NRs12) Rs11, wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -S (O) (NH) Rs11, wherein Rs11 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -S (O) NRs11Rs12, wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -S (O) NHRs11, wherein Rs11 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -S (O) NHRs11, wherein Rs11 is C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -C (O) N (Rs13) S (O) 2NRs11Rs12, wherein each of Rs11, Rs12 and Rs13 is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -C (O) NHS (O) 2NRs11Rs12, wherein each of Rs11 and Rs12 is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -C (O) NHS (O) 2NHRs11, wherein Rs11 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -OS (O) 2NRs11Rs12, wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -OS (O) 2NHRs11, wherein Rs11 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -OS (O) 2NHRs11, wherein Rs11 is C1-6 aliphatic.
[0156] Rs11
[0157] In some embodiments, Rs11 is R’ wherein R’ is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs11 is R wherein R is as described herein.
[0158] In some embodiments, Rs11 is H.
[0159] In some embodiments, Rs11 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs11 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs11 is C1-C6 aliphatic optionally substituted with one or more substituents (e.g., 1-3) independently selected from halogen, -OH or =O. In some embodiments, Rs11 is C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents (e.g., 1-3) independently selected from halogen, or -OH. In some embodiments, Rs11 is C1-C4 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents (e.g., 1-3) independently selected from halogen, -OH or =O. In some embodiments, Rs11 is C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs11 is C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs11 is methyl. In some embodiments, Rs11 is -CH2OH. In some embodiments, Rs11 is -CHF2. In some embodiments, Rs11 is -CH (OH) CH2OH. In some embodiments, Rs11 is -C (OH) (Me) 2. In some embodiments, Rs11 is -C (OH) (Me) 2. In some embodiments, Rs11 is optionally substituted C3-6 cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs11 is optionally substituted cyclopropyl.
[0160] In some embodiments, Rs11 is optionally substituted C1-C6 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0161] In some embodiments, Rs11 is optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered cycloaliphatic.
[0162] In some embodiments, Rs11 is optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rs11 is optionally substituted 5-membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rs11 is optionally substituted 6-membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rs11 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rs11 is In some embodiments, Rs11 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rs11 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rs11 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rs11 is
[0163] In some embodiments, Rs11 is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, Rs11 is optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, Rs11 is phenyl.
[0164] In some embodiments, Rs11 is optionally substituted 5-10 (e.g., 5-6, 9-10, 5, 6, 9, 10, etc. ) membered heteroaryl having 1-6 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rs11 is optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rs11 is optionally substituted 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl having 1-6 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rs11 is optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rs11 is optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rs11 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rs11 is optionally substituted
[0165] In some embodiments, Rs11 is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl-C1-C6 aliphatic, wherein each of the aryl and the aliphatic is independently optionally substituted and as described herein.
[0166] In some embodiments, Rs11 is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms-C1-C6 aliphatic wherein each heteroatom is independently selected nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and each of the heteroaryl and the aliphatic is independently optionally substituted and as described herein.
[0167] Rs12
[0168] In some embodiments, Rs12 is R’ wherein R’ is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs12 is R wherein R is as described herein.
[0169] In some embodiments, Rs12 is H.
[0170] In some embodiments, Rs12 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs12 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs12 is C1-C6 aliphatic optionally substituted with one or more substituents (e.g., 1-3) independently selected from halogen, -OH or =O. In some embodiments, Rs12 is C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents (e.g., 1-3) independently selected from halogen, or -OH. In some embodiments, Rs12 is C1-C4 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents (e.g., 1-3) independently selected from halogen, -OH or =O. In some embodiments, Rs12 is C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs12 is C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs12 is methyl. In some embodiments, Rs12 is -CH2OH. In some embodiments, Rs12 is -CHF2. In some embodiments, Rs12 is -CH (OH) CH2OH. In some embodiments, Rs12 is -C (OH) (Me) 2. In some embodiments, Rs12 is -C (OH) (Me) 2. In some embodiments, Rs12 is optionally substituted C3-6 cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs12 is optionally substituted cyclopropyl.
[0171] In some embodiments, Rs12 is optionally substituted C1-C6 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0172] In some embodiments, Rs12 is optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered cycloaliphatic.
[0173] In some embodiments, Rs12 is optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rs12 is optionally substituted 5-membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rs12 is optionally substituted 6-membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rs12 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rs12 is In some embodiments, Rs12 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rs12 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rs12 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rs12 is
[0174] In some embodiments, Rs12 is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, Rs12 is optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, Rs12 is phenyl.
[0175] In some embodiments, Rs12 is optionally substituted 5-10 (e.g., 5-6, 9-10, 5, 6, 9, 10, etc. ) membered heteroaryl having 1-6 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rs12 is optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rs12 is optionally substituted 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl having 1-6 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rs12 is optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rs12 is optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rs12 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rs12 is optionally substituted
[0176] In some embodiments, Rs12 is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl-C1-C6 aliphatic, wherein each of the aryl and the aliphatic is independently optionally substituted and as described herein.
[0177] In some embodiments, Rs12 is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms-C1-C6 aliphatic wherein each heteroatom is independently selected nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and each of the heteroaryl and the aliphatic is independently optionally substituted and as described herein.
[0178] In some embodiments, one of Rs11 and Rs12 is -H. In some embodiments, both are -H. In some embodiments, one is -H and the other is not.
[0179] In some embodiments, Rs1 and Rs12 are both R and are taken together with their intervening atom (s) to form, as described herein, an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered ring having, in addition to the atom, 0-4 (e.g., 0, 1-4, 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, a formed ring is substituted. In some embodiments, a formed ring is not substituted. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 3-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 4-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 5-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 6-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 7-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 8-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is monocyclic. In some embodiments, a formed ring is statured. In some embodiments, a formed ring is partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, a formed ring is aromatic. In some embodiments, a formed ring has no additional heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a formed ring has one or more additional heteroatoms. In some embodiments, the number of additional heteroatoms is 1. In some embodiments, the number of additional heteroatoms is 2. In some embodiments, an additional heteroatom is nitrogen. In some embodiments, an additional heteroatom is oxygen.
[0180] Rs13
[0181] In some embodiments, Rs13 is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs13 is R as described herein.
[0182] In some embodiments, Rs13 is -H.
[0183] In some embodiments, Rs13 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs13 is C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs13 is methyl. In some embodiments, it is ethyl. In some embodiments, Rs13 is -CN.
[0184] In some embodiments, Rs13 is -OR wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs13 is -OR wherein R is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs13 is -OR wherein R is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. For example, in some embodiments, Rs13 is -OR wherein R is methyl; in some embodiments, Rs13 is -OR wherein R is cyclopropyl.
[0185] Ls1
[0186] In some embodiments, each Ls1 is independently absent or an optionally substituted bivalent C1-6 aliphatic chain or C1-4 heteroaliphatic chain having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein one or more methylene units of the C1-6 aliphatic chain or the C1-4 heteroaliphatic chain are optionally and independently replaced with -C (O) -, -C (O) N (RLs1) -, -C (S) -, -C (S) N (RLs1) -, -C (=NRLs2) -, -C (=NRLs2) N (RLs1) -, -O-, -S-, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -S (O) 2N (RLs1) -, -OS (O) 2N (RLs1) -, -S (O) (=NRLs1) -, -N (RLs1) -, -P (O) (RLs1) -, -P (O) (RLs1) O-, -P (S) (RLs1) -, -P (S) (RLs1) O-, or -Cy-. In some embodiments, each Ls1 is independently a combination of 1-6 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) units, each of which is independently selected from optionally substituted -CH2-, optionally substituted -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, optionally substituted -CH=N-, -C (O) -, -C (O) N (RLs1) -, -C (S) -, -C (S) N (RLs1) -, -C (=NRLs2) -, -C (=NRLs2) N (RLs1) -, -O-, -S-, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -S (O) 2N (RLs1) -, -OS (O) 2N (RLs1) -, -S (O) (=NRLs1) -, -N (RLs1) -, -P (O) (RLs1) -, -P (O) (RLs1) O-, -P (S) (RLs1) -, -P (S) (RLs1) O-, -N=N-, or -Cy-.
[0187] In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -C (O) -. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -C (O) N (RLs1) -. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -C (O) NH-. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -C (S) -. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -C (S) N (RLs1) -. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -C (S) NH-. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -C (=NRLs2) -. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -C (=NH) -. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -C (=NRLs2) N (RLs1) -. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -C (=NH) NH-. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -O-. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -S-. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -S (O) -. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -S (O) 2-. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -S (O) 2N (RLs1) -. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -S (O) 2NH-. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -OS (O) 2N (RLs1) -. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -OS (O) 2NH-. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -S (O) (=NRLs1) -. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -S (O) (=NH) -. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -N (RLs1) -. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -NH-. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -P (O) (RLs1) -. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -P (O) (RLs1) -wherein RLs1 is not -H. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -P (O) (RLs1) -wherein RLs1 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -P (O) (CH3) -. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -P (O) (Et) -. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -N (RLs1) -P (O) (RLs1) -, wherein each RLs1 is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -NH-P (O) (RLs1) -, wherein RLs1 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -NH-P (O) (Et) -. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -P (O) (RLs1) O-. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -P (O) (RLs1) O-wherein RLs1 is not -H. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -P (O) (RLs1) O-wherein RLs1 is -OR wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -P (O) (RLs1) O-wherein RLs1 is -OR wherein R is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -P (O) (OEt) O-. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -N (RLs1) -P (O) (RLs1) O-, wherein each RLs1 is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -NH-P (O) (RLs1) O-, wherein RLs1 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -NH-P (O) (OEt) O-. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -P (S) (RLs1) -. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -P (S) (RLs1) -wherein RLs1 is not -H. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -P (S) (RLs1) -wherein RLs1 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -P (S) (CH3) -. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -P (S) (Et) -. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -P (S) (RLs1) O-. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -P (S) (RLs1) O-wherein RLs1 is not -H. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -P (S) (RLs1) O-wherein RLs1 is -OR wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -P (S) (RLs1) O-wherein RLs1 is -OR wherein R is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -P (S) (OEt) O-. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -Cy-. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -C (O) -Cy-. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -N (RLs1) S (O) 2Cy-. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -NHS (O) 2Cy-. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -S (O) 2N (RLs1) Cy-. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -S (O) 2NHCy-. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -C (O) N (RLs1) -O-. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -C (O) NH-O-. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -Cy-N (RLs1) -. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -Cy-NH-. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -N (RLs1) -Cy-N (RLs1) -. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -NH-Cy-NH-. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -Cy-N (RLs1) -Cy-. In some embodiments, Ls1 is or comprises -Cy-NH-Cy-. For example, in some embodiments, Ls1 is In some embodiments, -C (O) -is bonded to Rs11. In some embodiments, -Cy-is bonded to Rs11. In some embodiments, -N (RLs1) is bonded to Rs11.
[0188] RLs1
[0189] In some embodiments, RLs1 is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, RLs1 is R as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, RLs1 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, RLs1 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, RLs1 is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, RLs1 is optionally substituted 5-10 (e.g., 5-6, 9-10, 5, 6, 9, 10, etc. ) membered heteroaryl having 1-6 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0190] In some embodiments, RLs1 is -H.
[0191] In some embodiments, RLs1 is Rs11 as described herein.
[0192] RLs2
[0193] In some embodiments, RLs2 is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, RLs2 is R as described herein.
[0194] In some embodiments, RLs2 is -H.
[0195] In some embodiments, RLs2 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, RLs2 is C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, RLs2 is methyl. In some embodiments, it is ethyl. In some embodiments, RLs2 is -CN.
[0196] In some embodiments, RLs2 is -OR wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, RLs2 is -OR wherein R is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, RLs2 is -OR wherein R is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. For example, in some embodiments, RLs2 is -OR wherein R is methyl; in some embodiments, RLs2 is -OR wherein R is cyclopropyl.
[0197] In some embodiments, RLs2 is Rs13 as described herein.
[0198] -Cy-
[0199] In some embodiments, each -Cy-is independently an optionally substituted bivalent 3-10 (e.g., 4-10, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0-4 (e.g., 0, 1-4, 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, the ring of -Cy-is 4-10 membered. In some embodiments, it is 4-9 membered. In some embodiments, it is 4-8 membered. In some embodiments, it is 4-7 membered. In some embodiments, it is 4-6 membered.
[0200] In some embodiments, the ring is aromatic. In some embodiments, it is not aromatic. In some embodiments, it is saturated. In some embodiments, it is partially unsaturated.
[0201] In some embodiments, the ring has one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it has no heteroatoms.
[0202] In some embodiments, the ring is monocyclic. In some embodiments, it is bicyclic. In some embodiments, it is bicyclic and each monocyclic ring unit is independently a 3-9 (e.g., 3-7, 4-7, 4-6, 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered ring. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 3-7 membered. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 4-7 membered. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 5-7 membered. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 5-or 6-membered. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is 6-membered. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is 5-membered. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is aromatic. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is aromatic, 6-membered and have no heteroatom. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is heteroaromatic. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is heteroaromatic and 5-membered. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is heteroaromatic and 6-membered. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is not aromatic.
[0203] In some embodiments, the ring is an optionally substituted phenyl ring. In some embodiments, it is a phenyl ring. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted bicyclic 10-membered aromatic ring having no heteroatoms.
[0204] In some embodiments, the ring is an optionally substituted 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-6 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, the ring is an optionally substituted 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-6 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, at least one heteroatom is nitrogen. In some embodiments, each heteroatom is nitrogen.
[0205] In some embodiments, the ring is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered aromatic ring having 1-4 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms one of which is nitrogen and the other of which is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is a 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having one nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, it is 6-membered heteroaryl ring having one nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted pyridinyl ring. In some embodiments, it is a pyridinyl ring. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having two nitrogen atoms.
[0206] In some embodiments, the ring is an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-4 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 3-10 membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 4-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 5-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 6-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0207] For example, in some embodiments, -Cy-is optionally substituted In some embodiments, -Cy-is
[0208] Among other things, the present disclosure describes and provide as examples various Rs1 embodiments, including those comprising various embodiments of Rs11, Rs12, Rs13, Ls1, etc. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -C (O) NH2. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -C (O) NHCH3. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -CH2OH. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -CHF2. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -S (O) 2NH2. In some embodiments, Rs1 is halogen. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -F. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -Cl. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -C (NH) NH2. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -S (O) 2Me. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -S (O) Me. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -CH (OH) CH2 (OH) . In some embodiments, Rs1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rs1 is In some embodiments, Rs1 is In some embodiments, Rs1 is In some embodiments, Rs1 is In some embodiments, Rs1 is In some embodiments, Rs1 is In some embodiments, Rs1 is -S (NH) (O) Me. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -S (NMe) (O) Me. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -CHO. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -C (CH3) 2OH. In some embodiments, Rs1 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs1 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs1 is C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs1 is methyl. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NH2. In some embodiments, Rs1 is optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rs1 is In some embodiments, Rs1 is -OR wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -OH. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -OR wherein R is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -OR wherein R is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -OMe. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NH2. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -OCH2CH (OH) CH2 (OH) . In some embodiments, Rs1 is (S) -OCH2CH (OH) CH2 (OH) . In some embodiments, Rs1 is (R) -OCH2CH (OH) CH2 (OH) . In some embodiments, Rs1 is -H. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -CH (CF3) NH2. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -CN. In some embodiments, Rs1 is In some embodiments, Rs1 is In some embodiments, Rs1 is -C (S) NH2. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -C (NMe) NH2. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -C (NEt) NH2. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -C (NOMe) NH2. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -C (NO-cyclopropyl) NH2. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -C (N-CN) NH2. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -C (O) NHOMe. In some embodiments, Rs1 is -CH (NH2) CH2OH. In some embodiments, Rs1 is In some embodiments, Rs1 is In some embodiments, Rs1 is In some embodiments, Rs1 is In some embodiments, Rs1 is In some embodiments, Rs1 is -NH (4-pyridyl) .
[0209] In some embodiments, two Rs1 groups are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted ring as described herein. In some embodiments, two Rs1 groups are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 5-6 membered ring having, in addition to the intervening atoms, 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, two Rs1 groups are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 5-membered ring having, in addition to the intervening atoms, 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, two Rs1 groups are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 6-membered ring having, in addition to the intervening atoms, 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0210] s1
[0211] In some embodiments, s1 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, s1 is 0. In some embodiments, s1 is 1. In some embodiments, s1 is 2. In some embodiments, s1 is 3. In some embodiments, s1 is 4. In some embodiments, s1 is 5. In some embodiments, s1 is 1 or 2.
[0212] In some embodiments, R1 is unsubstituted.
[0213] In some embodiments, R1 is phenyl optionally substituted with 1-5 Rs1. In some embodiments, R1 is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 or 2 Rs1. In some embodiments, R1 is phenyl substituted with two or more Rs1. In some embodiments, R1 is phenyl substituted with one Rs1.
[0214] In some embodiments, R1 is 5-membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with 1-4 Rs1. In some embodiments, R1 is 5-membered heteroaryl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with 1-4 Rs1. In some embodiments, R1 is 5-membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the heteroaryl is substituted with two or more Rs1. In some embodiments, R1 is 5-membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the heteroaryl is substituted with one Rs1.
[0215] In some embodiments, R1 is 6-membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with 1-5 Rs1. In some embodiments, R1 is 6-membered heteroaryl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with 1-5 Rs1. In some embodiments, R1 is 6-membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the heteroaryl is substituted with two or more Rs1. In some embodiments, R1 is 6-membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the heteroaryl is substituted with one Rs1.
[0216] In some embodiments, R1 is 2-pyridyl substituted with one Rs1. In some embodiments, R1 is 3-pyridyl substituted with one Rs1. In some embodiments, R1 is 4-pyridyl substituted with one Rs1. In some embodiments, R1 is 2-pyridyl substituted with two Rs1. In some embodiments, R1 is 3-pyridyl substituted with two Rs1. In some embodiments, R1 is 4-pyridyl substituted with two Rs1. In some embodiments, R1 is 2-pyridyl substituted with two or more Rs1. In some embodiments, R1 is 3-pyridyl substituted with two or more Rs1. In some embodiments, R1 is 4-pyridyl substituted with two or more Rs1.
[0217] In some embodiments, R1 is substituted. In some embodiments, there is one substituent on R1. In some embodiments, there are two substituents on R1. In some embodiments, there are three or more substituents on R1. In some embodiments, a substituent is at position 2 (the atom at which R1 is attached to the nitrogen atom is position 1) . In some embodiments, a substituent is at position 3 (the atom at which R1 is attached to the nitrogen atom is position 1) . In some embodiments, a substituent is at position 4 (the atom at which R1 is attached to the nitrogen atom is position 1) . In some embodiments, a substituent is at position 2 and a substituent is at position 3, wherein R1 is attached to the nitrogen atom at position 1. In some embodiments, a substituent is at position 3 and a substituent is at position 4, wherein R1 is attached to the nitrogen atom at position 1. In some embodiments, each substituent is independently Rs1 as described herein.
[0218] In some embodiments, R1 is wherein each of Ra1, Rb1, Rc1, Rd1, and Re1 is independently Rs1. In some embodiments, each of Ra1, Rb1, Rc1, Rd1, and Re1 is independently selected from halogen, -CN, -ORs11, -NRs11Rs12, -C (O) NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2NRs11Rs12, and wherein each of Rs11 and Rs12 is independently -H or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, each of Ra1, Rb1, Rc1, Rd1, and Re1 is independently selected from halogen, -CN, -ORs11, -NRs11Rs12, -CONRs11Rs12, -SO2NRs11Rs12, and wherein each of Rs11 and Rs12 is independently -H or C1-C6 alyl.
[0219] In some embodiments, R1 is wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, R1 is wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, R1 is and Rb1 is -CONRs11Rs12, -SO2NRs11Rs12 or wherein Rs11 is -H or C1-C6 aliphatic and Rs12 is as described herein. In some embodiments, R1 is and Rb1 is -CONH2, -SO2NH2, or In some embodiments, R1 is wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, R1 is wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, R1 is wherein Re1 is -ORs11 and each other variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, R1 is and Rb1 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rb1 is elected from halogen, -CN, -OMe, -CONH2, and -SO2NH2. In some embodiments, R1 is wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, 1 is and each of Rb1 and Rc1 is independently selected from halogen, -CN, -OMe, -C (O) NH2, and -SO2NH2. In some embodiments, R1 is and Rb1 is selected from halogen, -CN, -OMe, -C (O) NH2, and -SO2NH2, and Rc1 is selected from -F and -CN.
[0220] In some embodiments, R1 is selected from:
[0221] In some embodiments, R1 is and each of Rf1, Rg1, Rh1, and Ri1 is independently Rs1 and wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, R1 is and each of Rf1, Rg1, Rh1, and Ri1 is independently Rs1, wherein each Rs1 is independently selected from halogen, -CN, -ORs11, -NRs11Rs12, -C (O) NRs11Rs12, -SO2NRs11Rs12, and wherein each Rs11 is independently -H or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R1 is wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, R1 is wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rg1 is halogen, -CN, -ORs11, -NRs11Rs12, or wherein each of Rs11 and Rs12 is independently -H or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic and Rs12 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rg1 is halogen, -CN, -ORs11, -NRs11Rs12, or wherein each of Rs11 and Rs12 is independently -H or C1-C6 aliphatic optionally substituted by halogen or -OH and Rs12 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rg1 is -C (O) N (Rs1) 2, -S (O) 2N (Rs1) 2, -S (O) Rs1, -S (O) 2Rs1, -S (O) (=NRs1) , or -OS (O) 2N (Rs1) 2, wherein each Rs1 is independently -H or C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rg1 is optionally substituted 3-10 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rg1 is optionally substituted 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Rg1 is optionally substituted 6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Ri1 is halogen, -CN, -ORs11, -C (O) NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2NRs11Rs12, or wherein Rs11 is -H or C1-C6 aliphatic and Rs12 is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Ri1 is halogen. In some embodiments, Ri1 is F.
[0222] In some embodiments, R1 is selected from
[0223] In some embodiments, R1 is and each of Rj1, Rk1, Rl1, and Rm1 is independently Rs1 and wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, R1 is and each of Rj1, Rk1, Rl1, and Rm1 is independently Rs1, wherein each Rs1 is independently selected from halogen, -CN, -ORs11, -NRs11Rs12, -C (O) NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2NRs11Rs12, and wherein each of Rs11 and Rs12 is independently -H or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic and Rs12 is as described herein. In some embodiments, R1 is wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rk1 is halogen, -CN, -ORs1, -N (Rs1) 2, -C (O) N (Rs1) 2, -S (O) 2N (Rs1) 2, or wherein each Rs1 is independently -H or C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rk1 is halogen, -CN, -OH, -C (O) NH2, -S (O) 2NH2, or
[0224] In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is
[0225] In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted pyridyl N-oxide. In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is
[0226] In some embodiments, R1 an optionally substituted group selected from In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from and the substituents are selected from halogen, -CN, -ORs1, -N (Rs1) 2, -C (O) N (Rs1) 2, -S (O) 2N (Rs1) 2, and wherein each Rs1 is independently -H or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from and the substituents are selected from halogen, -CN, -ORs1, -N (Rs1) 2, -C (O) N (Rs1) 2, -S (O) 2N (Rs1) 2, and wherein each Rs1 is independently -H or C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is
[0227] In some embodiments, R1 an optionally substituted group selected from In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from and the substituents are selected from halogen, -CN, -ORs1, -N (Rs1) 2, -C (O) N (Rs1) 2, -S (O) 2N (Rs1) 2, and wherein each Rs1 is independently -H or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from and the substituents are selected from halogen, -CN, -ORs1, -N (Rs1) 2, -C (O) N (Rs1) 2, -S (O) 2N (Rs1) 2, and wherein each Rs1 is independently -H or C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is
[0228] In some embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted
[0229] In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted group selected from In some embodiments, each substituent of Ring A is independently Rs1 and Rs1 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Ring A optionally substituted group selected from In some embodiments, each substituent of Ring A is independently selected from halogen, -CN, -ORs11, -NRs11Rs12, -C (O) NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2NRs11Rs12, and wherein each of Rs11 and Rs12 is independently -H or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Ring A an optionally substituted group selected from In some embodiments, each substituent of Ring A is independently selected from halogen, -CN, -ORs11, -NRs11Rs12, -C (O) NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2NRs11Rs12, and wherein each of Rs11 and Rs12 is independently -H or C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted group selected from In some embodiments, each substituent of Ring A is independently Rs1 and Rs1 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted group selected from In some embodiments, each substituent of Ring A is independently selected from halogen, -CN, -ORs11, -NRs11Rs12, -C (O) NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2NRs11Rs12, and wherein each of Rs11 and Rs12 is independently -H or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Ring A is an optionally substituted group selected from In some embodiments, each substituent of Ring A is independently selected from halogen, -CN, -ORs11, -NRs11Rs12, -C (O) NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2NRs11Rs12, and wherein each of Rs11 and Rs12 is independently -H or C1-C6 aliphatic.
[0230] In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, R1 is
[0231] In some embodiments, R1 is selected from
[0232] In some embodiments, R1 is In some embodiments, each RLs1 and Rs11 is independently -H, or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 aliphatic, 6-or 10-membered aryl, or 5-10 (e.g., 5, 6, 9, 10, etc. ) membered heteroaryl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0233] In some embodiments, R1 is selected from In some embodiments, R1 is
[0234] R1’
[0235] In some embodiments, R1’ is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, R1’ is R as described herein. In some embodiments, R1’ is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R1 and R1’ are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-6 membered ring having 0-3 heteroatoms in addition to the nitrogen atom.
[0236] In some embodiments, R1’ is hydrogen.
[0237] In some embodiments, R1 and R1’ are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered ring having, in addition to the nitrogen atom, 0-6 (e.g., 0, 1-6, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms, independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 and R1’ are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered ring having, in addition to the nitrogen atom, 0-4 (e.g., 0, 1-4, 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 and R1’ are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-6 membered ring having 0-3 heteroatoms in addition to the nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, R1 and R1’ are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-6 membered ring having, in addition to the nitrogen atom, 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 and R1’ are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heterocyclic having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 and R1’ are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 6 membered heterocyclic having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R1 and R1’ are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form optionally substituted In some embodiments, R1 and R1’ are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form In some embodiments, R1 and R1’ are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form
[0238] Q
[0239] In some embodiments, Q is O. In some embodiments, Q is S. In some embodiments, Q is NRQ. In some embodiments, RQ is -R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, RQ is -OR wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, RQ is -OR wherein R is not -H. In some embodiments, Q is NH. In some embodiments, Q is NRQ, wherein RQ is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Q is NRQ, wherein RQ is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Q is NRQ, wherein RQ is C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Q is NRQ, wherein RQ is -OR wherein R is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Q is NRQ, wherein RQ is -OR wherein R is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Q is NRQ, wherein RQ is -OR wherein R is C1-6 alkyl.
[0240] R2
[0241] In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted group selected from phenyl, 3-10 membered cycloaliphatic, and 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; or R2 is -LR2-RB, wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted group selected from phenyl and 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; or R2 is wherein each variable is independently as described herein.
[0242] In some embodiments, R2 is optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, R2 is phenyl.
[0243] In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 3-10 membered cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 3-7 membered cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 3-6 membered cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 3-membered cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 4- membered cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 6-membered cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 7-membered cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 8-membered cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 9-membered cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 10-membered cycloaliphatic.
[0244] In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0245] In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 2 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1 heteroatom. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having an oxygen atom. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having a nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having a sulfur atom. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 2 heteroatoms one of which is nitrogen. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 2 heteroatoms independently selected from N and S. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen and oxygen. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 2 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 3 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, a ring has a single heteroatom. In some embodiments, a ring has two or more heteroatoms at least one of which is nitrogen. In some embodiments, each is nitrogen. In some embodiments, all heteroatoms are the same. In some embodiments, at least one heteroatom is different from the other heteroatom (s) .
[0246] In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 2 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having a heteroatom selected from O, N, and S. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having a nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 2 heteroatoms each of which is nitrogen. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 3 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 3 heteroatoms wherein one is nitrogen.
[0247] In some embodiments, R2 is wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, R2 is wherein each variable is independently as described herein.
[0248] Ring B
[0249] In some embodiments, Ring B is an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 4-10, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0-6 (e.g., 0, 1-6, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring B is an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 4-10, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0-4 (e.g., 0, 1-4, 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring B is 4-10 membered. In some embodiments, Ring B is 4-9 membered. In some embodiments, Ring B is 4-8 membered. In some embodiments, Ring B is 4-7 membered. In some embodiments, Ring B is 4-6 membered.
[0250] In some embodiments, Ring B is aromatic. In some embodiments, Ring B is not aromatic. In some embodiments, Ring B is saturated. In some embodiments, Ring B is partially unsaturated.
[0251] In some embodiments, Ring B has one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring B has no heteroatoms.
[0252] In some embodiments, Ring B is monocyclic. In some embodiments, Ring B is bicyclic. In some embodiments, Ring B is bicyclic and each monocyclic ring unit is independently a 3-9 (e.g., 3-7, 4-7, 4-6, 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered ring. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 3-7 membered. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 4-7 membered. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 5-7 membered. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 5-or 6-membered. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is 6-membered. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is 5-membered. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is aromatic. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is aromatic, 6-membered and have no heteroatom. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is heteroaromatic. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is heteroaromatic and 5-membered. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is heteroaromatic and 6-membered. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is not aromatic.
[0253] In some embodiments, Ring B is an optionally substituted phenyl ring. In some embodiments, Ring B is a phenyl ring. In some embodiments, Ring B is an optionally substituted 10-membered aromatic ring having no heteroatoms.
[0254] In some embodiments, Ring B is an optionally substituted 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-6 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring B is an optionally substituted 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-6 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0255] In some embodiments, Ring B is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered aromatic ring having 0-4 (e.g., 0, 1-4, 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring B is an optionally substituted phenyl ring. In some embodiments, Ring B is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring B is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring B is a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring B is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring B is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring B is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring B is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms one of which is nitrogen and the other of which is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring B is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring B is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring B is 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring B is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring B is a 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring B is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having one nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, Ring B is 6-membered heteroaryl ring having one nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, Ring B is an optionally substituted pyridinyl ring. In some embodiments, Ring B is a pyridinyl ring. In some embodiments, Ring B is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having two nitrogen atoms.
[0256] LR2
[0257] In some embodiments, LR2 is absent. In some embodiments, LR2 is -O-. In some embodiments, LR2 is -S-. In some embodiments, LR2 is optionally substituted -CH2-. In some embodiments, LR2 is -CH2-.
[0258] Rs2
[0259] In some embodiments, each Rs2 is independently halogen, -CN, -Rs21, -ORs21, -NRs21Rs22, -C (O) Rs21, -C (O) NRs21Rs22, -SRs21, -S (O) 2NRs21Rs22, -S (O) 2Rs21, -S (O) Rs21, -S (O) (NRs22) Rs21, -S (O) NRs21Rs22, -SF5, or -OS (O) 2NRs21Rs22. In some embodiments, each Rs2 is independently selected from halogen, -CN, -Rs21, -ORs21, -NRs21Rs22, -C (O) Rs21, -C (O) NRs21Rs22, -S (O) 2NRs21Rs22, -S (O) 2Rs21, -S (O) Rs21, -S (O) (NRs22) Rs21, -S (O) NRs21Rs22, and -OS (O) 2NRs21Rs22, wherein each of Rs21 and Rs22 is independently -H or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-C6 aliphatic or a 5-6 membered ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents (e.g., 1-3) independently selected from halogen, -OH or =O, wherein each other variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, each Rs2 is independently selected from halogen, -CN, Rs21, -ORs21, -NRs21Rs22, -C (O) Rs21, -C (O) NRs21Rs22, -S (O) 2NRs21Rs22, -S (O) 2Rs21, -S (O) Rs21, -S (O) (NRs22) Rs21, -S (O) NRs21Rs22, and -OS (O) 2NRs21Rs22, wherein each of Rs21 and Rs22 is independently -H or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-C6 aliphatic or a 5-6 membered saturated ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents (e.g., 1-3) independently selected from halogen, -OH or =O, wherein each other variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, each Rs2 is independently selected from halogen, -CN, Rs21, -ORs21, -NRs21Rs22, -C (O) Rs21, -C (O) NRs21Rs22, -S (O) 2NRs21Rs22, -S (O) 2Rs21, -S (O) Rs21, -S (O) (NRs22) Rs21, -S (O) NRs21Rs22, and -OS (O) 2NRs21Rs22, wherein each of Rs21 and Rs22 is independently -H or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-C6 aliphatic or a 5-6 membered saturated ring having 0-4 nitrogen, wherein the group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents (e.g., 1-3) independently selected from halogen, -OH or =O, wherein each other variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, each Rs2 is independently selected from halogen, -CN, Rs21, -ORs21, -NRs21Rs22, -C (O) Rs21, -C (O) NRs21Rs22, -S (O) 2NRs21Rs22, -S (O) 2Rs21, -S (O) Rs21, -S (O) (NRs22) Rs21, -S (O) NRs21Rs22, and -OS (O) 2NRs21Rs22, wherein each of Rs21 and Rs22 is independently -H or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-C6 aliphatic or a 5-6 membered saturated ring having 1-2 nitrogen, wherein the group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents (e.g., 1-3) independently selected from halogen, -OH or =O, wherein each other variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, each Rs2 is independently halogen and -ORs21, wherein Rs21 is as described herein. In some embodiments, each Rs2 is independently halogen and -ORs21, wherein Rs21 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, each Rs2 is independently halogen and -ORs21, wherein Rs21 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic, wherein the C1-6 aliphatic is optionally substituted with halogen, -OH or =O. In some embodiments, each Rs2 is independently halogen and -ORs21, wherein Rs21 is C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, each Rs2 is independently halogen and -ORs21, wherein Rs21 is C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, each Rs2 is independently halogen and -OMe. In some embodiments, each halogen is independently -F or -Cl. In some embodiments, each halogen is -F. In some embodiments, each Rs2 is independently -F, -Cl or -OMe. In some embodiments, each Rs2 is independently -F or -OMe.
[0260] In some embodiments, an occurrence of Rs2 is halogen. In some embodiments, Rs2 is F. In some embodiments, Rs2 is Cl. In some embodiments, Rs2 is Br. In some embodiments, Rs2 is I.
[0261] In some embodiments, Rs2 is CN.
[0262] In some embodiments, Rs2 is Rs21, wherein Rs21 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -ORs21, wherein Rs21 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -NRs21Rs22, wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -C (O) Rs21, wherein Rs21 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -C (O) NRs21Rs22, wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -SRs21, wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -S (O) 2NRs21Rs22, wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -S (O) 2Rs21, wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -S (O) Rs21, wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -S (O) (NRs22) Rs21, wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -S (O) NRs21Rs22, wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -SF5. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -OS (O) 2NRs21Rs22, wherein each variable is independently as described herein.
[0263] Rs21
[0264] In some embodiments, Rs21 is R’ wherein R’ is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs21 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs21 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs21 is C1-C6 aliphatic optionally substituted with one or more substituents (e.g., 1-3) independently selected from halogen, -OH or =O. In some embodiments, Rs21 is C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents (e.g., 1-3) independently selected from halogen, or -OH. In some embodiments, Rs21 is C1-C4 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents (e.g., 1-3) independently selected from halogen, -OH or =O. In some embodiments, Rs21 is C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs21 is C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs21 is methyl. In some embodiments, Rs21 is -CH2OH. In some embodiments, Rs21 is -CHF2. In some embodiments, Rs21 is -CH (OH) CH2OH. In some embodiments, Rs21 is -C (OH) (Me) 2. In some embodiments, Rs21 is -C (OH) (Me) 2.
[0265] In some embodiments, Rs21 is optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rs21 is optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rs21 is optionally substituted
[0266] In some embodiments, Rs21 is optionally substituted 5-membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rs21 is optionally substituted 6-membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rs21 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rs21 is In some embodiments, Rs21 is optionally substituted
[0267] In some embodiments, Rs21 is H.
[0268] Rs22
[0269] In some embodiments, Rs22 is R’ wherein R’ is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs22 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs12 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs22 is C1-C6 aliphatic optionally substituted with one or more substituents (e.g., 1-3) independently selected from halogen, -OH or =O. In some embodiments, Rs22 is C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents (e.g., 1-3) independently selected from halogen, or -OH. In some embodiments, Rs22 is C1-C4 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents (e.g., 1-3) independently selected from halogen, -OH or =O. In some embodiments, Rs22 is C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs22 is C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs22 is methyl. In some embodiments, Rs22 is -CH2OH. In some embodiments, Rs22 is -CHF2. In some embodiments, Rs22 is -CH (OH) CH2OH. In some embodiments, Rs22 is -C (OH) (Me) 2. In some embodiments, Rs22 is -C (OH) (Me) 2.
[0270] In some embodiments, Rs22 is optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rs22 is optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rs22 is optionally substituted
[0271] In some embodiments, Rs22 is optionally substituted 5-membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. in some embodiments, Rs22 is optionally substituted 6-membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rs22 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, Rs22 is In some embodiments, Rs22 is optionally substituted
[0272] In some embodiments, Rs22 is H.
[0273] In some embodiments, Rs2 is -ORs21 wherein Rs21 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -OR wherein R is as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, R is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R is C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -OMe. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -OCHF2. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -OCD3. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -OCF3. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -OEt. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -O-cyclopropyl.
[0274] In some embodiments, Rs2 is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs2 is R as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -H. In some embodiments, Rs2 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs2 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs2 is optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs2 is optionally substituted 3-10 membered cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -C≡C-H. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -C≡C-CH3. In some embodiments, Rs2 is cyclopropyl.
[0275] In some embodiments, Rs2 is -SRs21 wherein Rs21 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -SR wherein R is as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, R is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R is C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -SMe. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -SCF3.
[0276] In some embodiments, Rs2 is -CONH2. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -CONHCH3. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -S (O) 2NH2. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -S (O) 2Me. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -S (O) Me. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -S (NH) (O) Me. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -S (NMe) (O) Me. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -OH. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -OMe. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -NH2. In some embodiments, Rs2 is -OCH2CH (OH) CH2 (OH) .
[0277] In some embodiments, two Rs2 groups are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 5-6 membered ring having, in addition to the intervening atoms, 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, two Rs2 groups are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 5-membered ring having, in addition to the intervening atoms, 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, two Rs2 groups are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 6-membered ring having, in addition to the intervening atoms, 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0278] s2
[0279] In some embodiments, s2 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, s2 is 0. In some embodiments, s2 is 1. In some embodiments, s2 is 2. In some embodiments, s2 is 3. In some embodiments, s2 is 4. In some embodiments, s2 is 5. In some embodiments, s2 is 1 or 2.
[0280] In some embodiments, R2 is unsubstituted.
[0281] In some embodiments, R2 is phenyl optionally substituted with 1-5 Rs2. In some embodiments, R2 is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 or 2 Rs2. In some embodiments, R2 is phenyl substituted with two or more Rs2. In some embodiments, R2 is phenyl substituted with three Rs2 each of which is independently as described herein.
[0282] In some embodiments, R2 is 5-membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with 1-5 Rs2 and Rs2 is as described herein. In some embodiments, R2 is 5-membered heteroaryl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with 1-5 Rs2 and Rs2 is as described herein. In some embodiments, R2 is 5-membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the heteroaryl is substituted with two or more Rs2 and Rs2 is as described herein.
[0283] In some embodiments, R2 is 6-membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with 1-5 Rs2 and Rs2 is as described herein. In some embodiments, R2 is 6-membered heteroaryl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with 1-5 Rs2 and Rs2 is as described herein. In some embodiments, R2 is 6-membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the heteroaryl is substituted with two or more Rs2 and Rs2 is as described herein.
[0284] In some embodiments, R2 is 2-pyridyl substituted with two or more Rs2 wherein Rs2 is as described herein. In some embodiments, R2 is 3-pyridyl substituted with two or more Rs2 wherein Rs2 is as described herein. In some embodiments, R2 is 4-pyridyl substituted with two or more Rs2 wherein Rs2 is as described herein.
[0285] In some embodiments, R2 is substituted. In some embodiments, a substituent is at position 2 (the atom at which R2 is attached to the nitrogen atom is position 1) . In some embodiments, a substituent is at position 3 (the atom at which R2 is attached to the nitrogen atom is position 1) . In some embodiments, a substituent is at position 4 (the atom at which R2 is attached to the nitrogen atom is position 1) . In some embodiments, one Rs2 group is at position 2 and one Rs2 group is at position 3, wherein R2 is attached to the nitrogen atom at position 1. In some embodiments, one Rs2 group is at position 3 and one Rs2 group is at position 4, wherein R2 is attached to the nitrogen atom at position 1.
[0286] In some embodiments, R2 is and each of Ra2, Rb2, Rc2, Rd2, and Re2 is independently Rs2 and Rs2 is as described herein. In some embodiments, R2 is and each of Ra2, Rb2, and Rc2 is independently Rs2 and Rs2 is as described herein. In some embodiments, each Rs2 is independently selected from halogen, -CN, -ORs21, -NRs21Rs22, -C (O) Rs21, -C (O) NRs21Rs22, or -S (O) 2NRs21Rs22 wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, each of Rs21 and Rs22 is independently -H or optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, each of Rs21 and Rs22 is independently -H or C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs22 is -H.
[0287] In some embodiments, R2 is and each of Ra2, Rb2, Rc2, Rd2, and Re2 is independently Rs2 and Rs2 is as described herein. In some embodiments, R2 is and each of Ra2, Rb2, and Rc2 is independently Rs2 and Rs2 is as described herein. In some embodiments, each Rs2 is independently selected from halogen, -CN, -ORs21, -NRs21Rs22, -C (O) Rs21, -C (O) NRs21Rs22, or -S (O) 2NRs21Rs22 wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, each of Rs21 and Rs22 is independently -H or optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, each of Rs21 and Rs22 is independently -H or C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rs22 is -H.
[0288] In some embodiments, Ra2 is -ORs21 and Rs21 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Ra2 is -OMe.
[0289] In some embodiments, Rb2 is halogen. In some embodiments, Rb2 is F. In some embodiments, Rb2 is Cl. In some embodiments, Rb2 is Br. In some embodiments, Rb2 is I.
[0290] In some embodiments, Rc2 is halogen. In some embodiments, Rc2 is F. In some embodiments, Rc2 is Cl. In some embodiments, Rc2 is Br. In some embodiments, Rc2 is I.
[0291] In some embodiments, R2 is In some embodiments, R2 is In some embodiments, R2 is In some embodiments, R2 is In some embodiments, R2 is In some embodiments, R2 is In some embodiments, R2 is In some embodiments, R2 is In some embodiments, R2 is selected from: In some embodiments, R2 is
[0292] R3
[0293] In some embodiments, R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, -CN or R. In some embodiments, R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, -CN or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, phenyl, 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and 3-10 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; or R3 and R4 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-6 membered ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0294] In some embodiments, R3 is hydrogen, -CN or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, phenyl, 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and 3-10 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; or R3 and R4 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-6 membered ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0295] In some embodiments, R3 is hydrogen.
[0296] In some embodiments, R3 is –CN.
[0297] In some embodiments, R3 is R as described herein.
[0298] In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R3 is C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, R3 is C1-C3 alkyl substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, R3 is C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted methyl. In some embodiments, R3 is methyl. In some embodiments, R3 is methyl substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, R3 is –CF3. In some embodiments, R3 is -CHF2. In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted ethyl. In some embodiments, R3 is ethyl substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, R3 is -CH2CF3. In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted n-propyl. In some embodiments, R3 is n-propyl substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted isopropyl. In some embodiments, R3 is isopropyl substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, R3 is isopropyl.
[0299] In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, R3 is phenyl. In some embodiments, R3 is 2-trifluoromethylphenyl. In some embodiments, R3 is 3-trifluoromethylphenyl. In some embodiments, R3 is 4-trifluoromethylphenyl.
[0300] Those skilled in the art reading the present disclosure will appreciate that, in some embodiments, R3 may be replaced with a group having a structure of and each of Ra3, Rb3, Rc3, Rd3, and Re3 is independently Rs3, wherein Rs3 is a substituent as described herein. In some embodiments, R3 is and each of Ra3, Rb3, Rc3, Rd3, and Re3 is independently Rs3, wherein Rs3 is Rs31, halogen, -CN, -ORs31, -NRs31Rs32, -C (O) NRs31Rs32, and -S (O) 2Rs31Rs32, wherein each of Rs31 and Rs32 is independently -H or C1-C6 aliphatic optionally substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, R3 is and Ra3 is Rs3, wherein Rs3 is Rs31, halogen, -CN, -ORs31, -NRs31Rs32, -C (O) NRs31Rs32, and -S (O) 2Rs31Rs32, wherein each of Rs31 and Rs32 is independently -H or C1-C6 aliphatic optionally substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, R3 is and Rb3 is Rs3, wherein Rs3 is Rs31, halogen, -CN, -ORs31, -NRs31Rs32, -C (O) NRs31Rs32, and -S (O) 2Rs31Rs32, wherein each of Rs31 and Rs32 is independently -H or C1-C6 aliphatic optionally substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, R3 is and Rc3 is Rs3, wherein Rs3 is Rs31, halogen, -CN, -ORs31, -NRs31Rs32, -C (O) NRs31Rs32, and -S (O) 2Rs31Rs32, wherein each of Rs31 and Rs32 is independently -H or C1-C6 aliphatic optionally substituted with halogen.
[0301] In some embodiments, Ra3 is optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Ra3 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Ra3 is optionally substituted C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, Ra3 is C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, Ra3 is optionally substituted methyl. In some embodiments, Ra3 is methyl. In some embodiments, Ra3 is –CF3. In some embodiments, Ra3 is -CHF2. In some embodiments, Ra3 is halogen. In some embodiments, Ra3 is F. In some embodiments, Ra3 is Cl. In some embodiments, Ra3 is Br. In some embodiments, Ra3 is I. In some embodiments, Ra3 is -ORs31, wherein Rs31 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Ra3 is -ORs31, wherein Rs31 is -H or optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Ra3 is -OH. In some embodiments, Ra3 is -ORs31, wherein Rs31 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Ra3 is –OMe.
[0302] In some embodiments, Rb3 is optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rb3 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rb3 is optionally substituted C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rb3 is C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rb3 is optionally substituted methyl. In some embodiments, Rb3 is methyl. In some embodiments, Rb3 is –CF3. In some embodiments, Rb3 is -CHF2. In some embodiments, Rb3 is halogen. In some embodiments, Rb3 is F. In some embodiments, Rb3 is Cl. In some embodiments, Rb3 is Br. In some embodiments, Rb3 is I. In some embodiments, Rb3 is -ORs31, wherein Rs31 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rb3 is -ORs31, wherein Rs31 is -H or optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rb3 is -OH. In some embodiments, Rb3 is -ORs31, wherein Rs31 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rb3 is –OMe.
[0303] In some embodiments, Rc3 is optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rc3 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rc3 is optionally substituted C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rc3 is C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rc3 is optionally substituted methyl. In some embodiments, Rc3 is methyl. In some embodiments, Rc3 is –CF3. In some embodiments, Rc3 is -CHF2. In some embodiments, Rc3 is halogen. In some embodiments, Rc3 is F. In some embodiments, Rc3 is Cl. In some embodiments, Rc3 is Br. In some embodiments, Rc3 is I. In some embodiments, Rc3 is -ORs31, wherein Rs31 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rc3 is -ORs31, wherein Rs31 is -H or optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rc3 is -OH. In some embodiments, Rc3 is -ORs31, wherein Rs31 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rc3 is –OMe.
[0304] In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted 5 membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted 5 membered heteroaryl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted 6 membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted 6 membered heteroaryl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0305] In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted pyridyl. In some embodiments, R3 is pyridyl. In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R3 is In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R3 is In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R3 is In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted pyrazole. In some embodiments, R3 is pyrazole. In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted n. In some embodiments, R3 is In some embodiments, R3 is
[0306] In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted 3-10 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted 5-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted 3-6 membered cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R3 is In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R3 is In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R3 is In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R3 is
[0307] In some embodiments, R3 is R as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, R3 is R, wherein R is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl-C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R3 is R, wherein R is optionally substituted -CH2-Ph. In some embodiments, R3 is R, wherein R is -CH2-Ph. In some embodiments, R3 is R, wherein R is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms-C1-C6 aliphatic wherein each heteroatom is independently selected nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R3 is R, wherein R is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms-CH2-, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0308] R4
[0309] In some embodiments, R4 is hydrogen, -CN or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, phenyl, 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and 3-10 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; or R3 and R4 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-6 membered ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0310] In some embodiments, R4 is hydrogen.
[0311] In some embodiments, R4 is –CN.
[0312] In some embodiments, R4 is R as described herein.
[0313] In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R4 is C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, R4 is C1-C3 alkyl substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, R4 is C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted methyl. In some embodiments, R4 is methyl. In some embodiments, R4 is methyl substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, R4 is –CF3. In some embodiments, R4 is -CHF2. In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted ethyl. In some embodiments, R4 is ethyl substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, R4 is -CH2CF3. In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted n-propyl. In some embodiments, R4 is n-propyl substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted isopropyl. In some embodiments, R4 is isopropyl substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, R4 is isopropyl.
[0314] In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, R4 is phenyl.
[0315] Those skilled in the art reading the present disclosure will appreciate that, in some embodiments, R4 may be replaced with a group having a structure of and each of Ra4, Rb4, Rc4, Rd4, and Re4 is independently Rs4, wherein Rs4 is a substituent as described herein. In some embodiments, R4 is and each of Ra4, Rb4, Rc4, Rd4, and Re4 is independently Rs4, wherein Rs4 is Rs41, halogen, -CN, -ORs41, -NRs41Rs42, -C (O) NRs41Rs42, and -S (O) 2Rs41Rs42, wherein each of Rs41 and Rs42 is independently -H or C1-C6 aliphatic optionally substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, R4 is and Ra4 is Rs4, wherein Rs4 is Rs41, halogen, -CN, -ORs41, -NRs41Rs42, -C (O) NRs41Rs42, and -S (O) 2Rs41Rs42, wherein each of Rs41 and Rs42 is independently -H or C1-C6 aliphatic optionally substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, R4 is and Rb4 is Rs4, wherein Rs4 is Rs41, halogen, -CN, -ORs41, -NRs41Rs42, -C (O) NRs41Rs42, and -S (O) 2Rs41Rs42, wherein each of Rs41 and Rs42 is independently -H or C1-C6 aliphatic optionally substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, R4 is and Rc4 is Rs4, wherein Rs4 is Rs41, halogen, -CN, -ORs41, -NRs41Rs42, -C (O) NRs41Rs42, and -S (O) 2Rs41Rs42, wherein each of Rs41 and Rs42 is independently -H or C1-C6 aliphatic optionally substituted with halogen.
[0316] In some embodiments, Ra4 is optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Ra4 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Ra4 is optionally substituted C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, Ra4 is C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, Ra4 is optionally substituted methyl. In some embodiments, Ra4 is methyl. In some embodiments, Ra4 is –CF3. In some embodiments, Ra4 is -CHF2. In some embodiments, Ra4 is halogen. In some embodiments, Ra4 is F. In some embodiments, Ra4 is Cl. In some embodiments, Ra4 is Br. In some embodiments, Ra4 is I. In some embodiments, Ra4 is -ORs41, wherein Rs41 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Ra4 is -ORs41, wherein Rs41 is -H or optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Ra4 is -OH. In some embodiments, Ra4 is -ORs41, wherein Rs41 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Ra4 is –OMe.
[0317] In some embodiments, Rb4 is optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rb4 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rb4 is optionally substituted C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rb4 is C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rb4 is optionally substituted methyl. In some embodiments, Rb4 is methyl. In some embodiments, Rb4 is –CF3. In some embodiments, Rb4 is -CHF2. In some embodiments, Rb4 is halogen. In some embodiments, Rb4 is F. In some embodiments, Rb4 is Cl. In some embodiments, Rb4 is Br. In some embodiments, Rb4 is I. In some embodiments, Rb4 is -ORs41, wherein Rs41 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rb4 is -ORs41, wherein Rs41 is -H or optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rb4 is -OH. In some embodiments, Rb4 is -ORs41, wherein Rs41 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rb4 is –OMe.
[0318] In some embodiments, Rc4 is optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rc4 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rc4 is optionally substituted C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rc4 is C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rc4 is optionally substituted methyl. In some embodiments, Rc4 is methyl. In some embodiments, Rc4 is –CF3. In some embodiments, Rc4 is -CHF2. In some embodiments, Rc4 is halogen. In some embodiments, Rc4 is F. In some embodiments, Rc4 is Cl. In some embodiments, Rc4 is Br. In some embodiments, Rc4 is I. In some embodiments, Rc4 is -ORs41, wherein Rs41 is as described herein. In some embodiments, Rc4 is -ORs41, wherein Rs41 is -H or optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rc4 is -OH. In some embodiments, Rc4 is -ORs41, wherein Rs41 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rc4 is –OMe.
[0319] In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted 5 membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted 5 membered heteroaryl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted 6 membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted 6 membered heteroaryl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0320] In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted pyridyl. In some embodiments, R4 is pyridyl. In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted pyrazole. In some embodiments, R4 is pyrazole. In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted n. In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is
[0321] In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted 3-10 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted 3-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted 5-6 membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted 3-6 membered cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted In some embodiments, R4 is
[0322] In some embodiments, R4 is R as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, R4 is R, wherein R is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl-C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R4 is R, wherein R is optionally substituted -CH2-Ph. In some embodiments, R4 is R, wherein R is -CH2-Ph. In some embodiments, R4 is R, wherein R is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms-C1-C6 aliphatic wherein each heteroatom is independently selected nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R4 is R, wherein R is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms-CH2-, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0323] In some embodiments, each of R3 and R4 is optionally substituted C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, each of R3 and R4 is C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, each of R3 and R4 is C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, each of R3 and R4 is methyl.
[0324] In some embodiments, R3 is C1-C3 alkyl substituted with halogen and R4 is not a C1-C3 alkyl substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, R3 is C1-C3 alkyl substituted with halogen and R4 is C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R3 is C1-C3 alkyl substituted with halogen and R4 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, each of R3 and R4 is independently C1-C3 alkyl substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, one of R3 and R3 is -CF3 and the other is -CH3. In some embodiments, R3 is -CF3.
[0325] In some embodiments, one of R3 and R4 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic (e.g., -CH3, -CF3, etc. ) and the other is optionally substituted phenyl (e.g., 2-, 3-, or 4-trifluorophenyl) . In some embodiments, one of R3 and R4 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic (e.g., -CH3, -CF3, etc. ) and the other is -CN. In some embodiments, one of R3 and R4 is hydrogen and the other is optionally substituted phenyl (e.g., 2-, 3-, or 4-trifluorophenyl) . In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic (e.g., -CH3, -CF3, etc. ) . In some embodiments, R3 is -H.
[0326] In some embodiments, one of R3 and R4 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic (e.g., -CH3, -CF3, etc. ) and the other is optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur (e.g., 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl) . In some embodiments, one of R3 and R4 is hydrogen and the other is optionally substituted phenyl (e.g., 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl) . In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic (e.g., -CH3, -CF3, etc. ) . In some embodiments, R3 is -H.
[0327] In some embodiments, R3 and R4 are both R and are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered ring having, in addition to the atom, 0-4 (0, 1-4, 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0328] In some embodiments, R3 and R4 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-6 membered ring having 0-3 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R3 and R4 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-6 membered ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R3 and R4 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 5-6 membered ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0329] In some embodiments, R3 and R4 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-6 membered cycloaliphatic ring. In some embodiments, R3 and R4 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-6 membered cycloalkyl ring. In some embodiments, R3 and R4 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a 3-6 membered cycloalkyl ring. In some embodiments, R3 and R4 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a 3-6 membered cycloalkyl ring substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, R3 and R4 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a 3-6 membered cycloalkyl ring substituted with -F. In some embodiments, R3 and R4 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form optionally substituted In some embodiments, R3 and R4 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form optionally substituted In some embodiments, R3 and R4 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form optionally substituted In some embodiments, R3 and R4 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form optionally substituted
[0330] In some embodiments, R3 and R4 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, R3 and R4 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form substituted with -F. In some embodiments, R3 and R4 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form
[0331] In some embodiments, a carbon to which R3 and R4 are attached is achiral. In some embodiments, a carbon to which R3 and R4 are attached is chiral and is R. In some embodiments, a carbon to which R3 and R4 are attached is chiral and is S. In some embodiments, R3 is cis to -C (O) N (R1) (R1’ ) . In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic, is cis to -C (O) N (R1) (R1’ ) , and R4 is not optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R3 is -CF3, is cis to -C (O) N (R1) (R1’ ) , and R4 is not -CF3. In some embodiments, -CR3R4-is wherein (X) indicates connection to X and (Y) indicates connection to Y. In some embodiments, -CR3R4-is wherein (X) indicates connection to X and (Y) indicates connection to Y. In some embodiments, -CR3R4-is wherein (X) indicates connection to X and (Y) indicates connection to Y. In some embodiments, -CR3R4-is wherein (X) indicates connection to X and (Y) indicates connection to Y.
[0332] In some embodiments, -CR3R4-is selected from wherein (X) indicates connection to X and (Y) indicates connection to Y. In some embodiments, indicates cis to -C (=Q) - (e.g., -C (O) -) bonded to W.
[0333] X
[0334] In some embodiments, each X is independently -O-, -S-, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -S (O) (NRQX) -, -Se-, -Se (O) -, -Se (O) 2-, -C (Rx) 2-, or optionally substituted -CH2-.
[0335] In some embodiments, X is -O-, -S-, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, or -C (Rx) 2-, wherein each Rx is independently hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic, OR, or -N (R) 2. In some embodiments, X is -O-. In some embodiments, X is -S-. In some embodiments, X is -S (O) -. In some embodiments, X is -S (O) 2-. In some embodiments, X is -S (O) (NRQX) -, wherein RQX is as described herein. In some embodiments, X is -S (O) (NH) -. In some embodiments, X is -Se-. In some embodiments, X is -Se(O) -. In some embodiments, X is -Se (O) 2-.
[0336] In some embodiments, X is optionally substituted -CH2-. In some embodiments, X is -CH2-. In some embodiments, each X is independently optionally substituted -CH2-. In some embodiments, each X is -CH2-.
[0337] In some embodiments, X is -C (Rx) 2-, wherein each Rx is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, X is -C (Rx) 2-and each Rx is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, X is -C (Rx) 2-and each Rx is independently -OR and R is as described herein. In some embodiments, X is -C (Rx) 2-and each Rx is independently -N (R) 2 and each R is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, X is -C (Rx) 2-and each Rx is independently -N (R) 2 and each R is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, each R is independently -H or C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, X is -CH2.
[0338] RQX
[0339] In some embodiments, RQX is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, RQX is R as described herein. In some embodiments, RQX is -H. In some embodiments, it is not -H. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0340] In some embodiments, RQX is -OR’ wherein R’ is as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, R’ is R as described herein. In some embodiments, R’ is -H. In some embodiments, it is not -H. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0341] Rx
[0342] In some embodiments, Rx is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rx is R as described herein. In some embodiments, Rx is -H. In some embodiments, it is not -H. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0343] In some embodiments, Rx is -OR wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, R is -H. In some embodiments, R is not -H.
[0344] In some embodiments, Rx is -N (R’ ) 2 wherein each R’ is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rx is -NHR’ wherein R’ is as described herein. In some embodiments, each R’ is independently R as described herein. In some embodiments, Rx is -N (R) 2 wherein each R is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rx is -NHR wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, it is -H. In some embodiments, it is not -H. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, the two R’ are R and are taken together with the nitrogen atom to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered ring having, in addition to the nitrogen atom, 0-4 (e.g., 0, 1-4, 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Various embodiments and examples of rings are as described herein.
[0345] x
[0346] In some embodiments, x is 1. In some embodiments, x is 2. In some embodiments, when x is 2, each X is independently optionally substituted -CH2-. In some embodiments, when x is 2, each X is independently-C (Rx) 2-.
[0347] W
[0348] In some embodiments, W is N, C, C (Rw) , or optionally substituted CH, wherein Rw is -R’ , or -N (R’ ) 2, wherein when W is C, Z is C.
[0349] In some embodiments, the bond between W and Z is a single bond. In some embodiments, the bond between W and Z is a double bond.
[0350] In some embodiments, W is N.
[0351] In some embodiments, W is C and Z is C. In some embodiments, W is C and Z is C, and the bond between W and Z is a double bond.
[0352] In some embodiments, W is C (Rw) wherein Rw is as described herein. In some embodiments, W is C (Rw) , wherein Rw is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic, , -R’ , -OR, or -N (R) 2 and each other variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, W is CH. In some embodiments, W is C (Rw) , wherein Rw is -R’ . In some embodiments, W is C (Rw) , wherein Rw is optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, W is C (Rw) , wherein Rw is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, W is C (Rw) , wherein Rw is optionally substituted C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, W is C (Rw) , wherein Rw is optionally substituted methyl. In some embodiments, W is C (Rw) , wherein Rw is methyl. In some embodiments, W is C (Rw) , wherein Rw is methyl substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, W is C (Rw) , wherein Rw is -CF3. In some embodiments, W is C (Rw) , wherein Rw is -CHF2.
[0353] In some embodiments, W is C (Rw) , wherein Rw is optionally substituted -OR and R is as described herein. In some embodiments, W is C (Rw) , wherein Rw is -OR and R is H or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, W is C (Rw) , wherein Rw is optionally substituted -N (R) 2 and each R is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, W is C (Rw) , wherein Rw is -N (R) 2 and each R is independently H or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rw and R3 is trans. In some embodiments, Rw and R3 is cis.
[0354] In some embodiments, W is optionally substituted CH.
[0355] Rw
[0356] In some embodiments, Rw is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw is R as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw is -H. In some embodiments, it is not -H. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0357] In some embodiments, Rw is -OR wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, R is -H. In some embodiments, R is not -H.
[0358] In some embodiments, Rw is -N (R’ ) 2 wherein each R’ is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw is -NHR’ wherein R’ is as described herein. In some embodiments, each R’ is independently R as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw is -N (R) 2 wherein each R is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rw is -NHR wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, it is -H. In some embodiments, it is not -H. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, the two R’ are R and are taken together with the nitrogen atom to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered ring having, in addition to the nitrogen atom, 0-4 (e.g., 0, 1-4, 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Various embodiments and examples of rings are as described herein.
[0359] Z
[0360] In some embodiments, Z is N, C, C (Rz) , or optionally substituted CH, wherein Rz is -R’ or -N (R’ ) 2, wherein when Z is C, W is C or Y is -C (Ry) = or optionally substituted -CH=.
[0361] In some embodiments, the bond between Y and Z is a single bond. In some embodiments, the bond between Y and Z is a double bond.
[0362] In some embodiments, Z is N.
[0363] In some embodiments, Z is C. In some embodiments, Z is C, and W is C or Y is -C (Ry) =wherein Ry is as described herein. In some embodiments, Z is C and W is C. In some embodiments, Z is C and Y is -C (Ry) = wherein Ry is as described herein.
[0364] In some embodiments, Z is C, W is C, and the bond between Z and W is a double bond. In some embodiments, Z is C and Y is -C (Ry) = wherein Ry is as described herein.
[0365] In some embodiments, Z is C (Rz) , wherein Rz is as described herein. In some embodiments, Z is C (Rz) , wherein Rz is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic, -R’ , -OR, or -N (R) 2. In some embodiments, Z is -CH-. In some embodiments, Z is C (Rz) , wherein Rz is -R’ . In some embodiments, Z is C (Rz) , wherein Rz is optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Z is C (Rz) , wherein Rz is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Z is C (Rz) , wherein Rz is optionally substituted C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, Z is C (Rz) , wherein Rz is optionally substituted methyl. In some embodiments, Z is C (Rz) , wherein Rz is methyl. In some embodiments, Z is C (Rz) , wherein Rz is -CF3. In some embodiments, Z is C (Rz) , wherein Rz is -CHF2.
[0366] In some embodiments, Z is C (Rz) , wherein Rz is optionally substituted -OR and R is as described herein. n some embodiments, W is C (Rz) , wherein Rz is -OR and R is H or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, W is C (Rz) , wherein Rw is optionally substituted -N (R) 2 and each R is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, W is C (Rz) , wherein Rz is -N (R) 2 and each R is independently H or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rz and R3 is trans. In some embodiments, Rz and R3 is cis.
[0367] In some embodiments, Rz is optionally substituted CH.
[0368] Rz
[0369] In some embodiments, Rz is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Rz is R as described herein. In some embodiments, Rz is -H. In some embodiments, it is not -H. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0370] In some embodiments, Rz is -OR wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, R is -H. In some embodiments, R is not -H.
[0371] In some embodiments, Rz is -N (R’ ) 2 wherein each R’ is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rz is -NHR’ wherein R’ is as described herein. In some embodiments, each R’ is independently R as described herein. In some embodiments, Rz is -N (R) 2 wherein each R is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Rz is -NHR wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, it is -H. In some embodiments, it is not -H. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, the two R’ are R and are taken together with the nitrogen atom to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered ring having, in addition to the nitrogen atom, 0-4 (e.g., 0, 1-4, 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Various embodiments and examples of rings are as described herein.
[0372] Y
[0373] In some embodiments, each Y is independently -O-, -S-, –N (Ry) -, -C (Ry) 2-, -C (Ry) =, optionally substituted -CH2-, or optionally substituted -CH=, wherein each Ry is independently -R’ or -N (R) 2, and when the Y bonded to Z is -C (Ry) = or optionally substituted -CH=, Z is C.
[0374] In some embodiments, Y is -O-, -S-, -N (Ry) -, -C (Ry) 2-, or -C (Ry) =, wherein each Ry is independently hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic, -OR, or -N (R) 2, wherein when Y is -C (Ry) =, Z is C. In some embodiments, Y is -O-. In some embodiments, Y is -S-. In some embodiments, Y is –N (Ry) -and Ry is independently hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Y is –N (Ry) -and Ry is hydrogen. In some embodiments, Y is –N (Ry) -and Ry is optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Y is –N (Ry) -and Ry is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Y is –N (Ry) -and Ry is optionally substituted C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, Y is –N (Ry) -and Ry is methyl. In some embodiments, Y is -NH-.
[0375] In some embodiments, Y is -C (Ry) 2-and each Ry is independently hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic, -OR, or -N (R) 2. In some embodiments, Y is -CH2-. In some embodiments, Y is -CH (Ry) -and Ry is optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Y is -CH (Ry) -and Ry is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Y is -CH (Ry) -and Ry is optionally substituted C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, Y is -CH (Ry) -and Ry is methyl. In some embodiments, Y is -C (Ry) 2-and each Ry is independently -OR, wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, Y is -C (Ry) 2-and each Ry is independently -OR, wherein R is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Y is -CHRy-and Ry is independently -OR, wherein R is optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Y is -CHRy-and Ry is -OMe. In some embodiments, Y is -C (Ry) 2-and each Ry is independently -N (R) 2, wherein each R is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Y is -C (Ry) 2-and each Ry is independently -N (R) 2, wherein each R is independently hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R3 and Ry is trans. In some embodiments, R3 and Ry is cis.
[0376] In some embodiments, Y is -C (Ry) = and Z is C, and the bond between Y and Z is a double bond, wherein Ry is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Y is -CH= and Z is C, and the bond between Y and Z is a double bond. In some embodiments, Y is -C (Ry) =and Z is C, and the bond between Y and Z is a double bond, wherein Ry is optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Y is -C (Ry) = and Z is C, and the bond between Y and Z is a double bond, wherein Ry is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Y is -C (Ry) = and Z is C, and the bond between Y and Z is a double bond, wherein Ry is optionally substituted C1-C3 alkyl.
[0377] In some embodiments, Y is optionally substituted -CH2-. In some embodiments, Y is optionally substituted -CH=.
[0378] Ry
[0379] In some embodiments, Ry is R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, Ry is R as described herein. In some embodiments, Ry is -H. In some embodiments, it is not -H. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0380] In some embodiments, Ry is -OR wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, R is -H. In some embodiments, R is not -H.
[0381] In some embodiments, Ry is -N (R’ ) 2 wherein each R’ is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Ry is -NHR’ wherein R’ is as described herein. In some embodiments, each R’ is independently R as described herein. In some embodiments, Ry is -N (R) 2 wherein each R is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, Ry is -NHR wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, it is -H. In some embodiments, it is not -H. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, it is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, the two R’ are R and are taken together with the nitrogen atom to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered ring having, in addition to the nitrogen atom, 0-4 (e.g., 0, 1-4, 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Various embodiments and examples of rings are as described herein.
[0382] y
[0383] In some embodiments, y is 1 or 2. In some embodiments, y is 1. In some embodiments, y is 2. In some embodiments, y is 2 and each Y is independently -C (Ry) 2-wherein each Ry is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, y is 2 and each Y is independently optionally substituted -CH2-. In some embodiments, y is 2 and each Y is -CH2-.
[0384] In some embodiments, is selected from:
[0385] In some embodiments, is
[0386] In some embodiments, is selected from
[0387] wherein each **R is independently Q as described herein and each R” , if present, is independently R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, is selected from
[0388] wherein each **R is independently Q as described herein, each T is independently O or NRQX, and each R”, if any, is independently R as described herein. In some embodiments, Q is O. In some embodiments, Q is S. In some embodiments, Q is NRQ wherein RQ is as described herein. In some embodiments, RQ is R as described herein. In some embodiments, RQ is -H, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or -OR wherein R is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, RQ is -H, C1-6 alkyl, or -OR wherein R is C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rw is -H. In some embodiments, Rw is an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 alkyl, 6-10 membered aryl, or 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rw is selected from C1-6 alkyl, 6-10 membered aryl, or 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ry is -H or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 alkyl, 6-10 membered aryl, or 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ry is -H or is selected from C1-6 alkyl, 6-10 membered aryl, or 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ry is bonded to a nitrogen atom and is -H or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 alkyl, 6-10 membered aryl, or 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ry is bonded to a nitrogen atom, and is-H or is selected from C1-6 alkyl, 6-10 membered aryl, or 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ry is bonded to a carbon atom and is an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 alkyl, 6-10 membered aryl, or 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ry is bonded to a carbon atom and is selected from C1-6 alkyl, 6-10 membered aryl, or 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ry is bonded to a sp3 carbon atom and is an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 alkyl, 6-10 membered aryl, or 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ry is bonded to a sp3carbon atom and is selected from C1-6 alkyl, 6-10 membered aryl, or 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ry is bonded to a sp2 carbon atom and is -H or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 alkyl, 6-10 membered aryl, or 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ry is bonded to a sp2 carbon atom, and is-H or is selected from C1-6 alkyl, 6-10 membered aryl, or 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, T is O. In some embodiments, T is NRQX. In some embodiments, T is NRQX, wherein RQX is -H or optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, T is NRQX, wherein RQX is -H or optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Q is O. In some embodiments, Q is S. In some embodiments, Q is NRQ. In some embodiments, Q is NH. In some embodiments, Q is NRQ, wherein RQ is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Q is NRQ, wherein RQ is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Q is NRQ, wherein RQ is C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Q is NRQ, wherein RQ is -OR wherein R is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Q is NRQ, wherein RQ is -OR wherein R is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Q is NRQ, wherein RQ is -OR wherein R is C1-6 alkyl.
[0389] In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, Rw is not -H. In some embodiments, Rw is an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 aliphatic, 6-10 membered aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rw is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rw is C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rw is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, Rw is 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, Rw is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rw is 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0390] In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, Rw is -H. . In some embodiments, Rw is an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 aliphatic, 6-10 membered aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rw is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rw is C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rw is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, Rw is 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, Rw is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rw is 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0391] In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, Ry is -H. In some embodiments, Ry is an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 aliphatic, 6-10 membered aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ry is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Ry is C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Ry is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, Ry is 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, Ry is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ry is 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Q is O. In some embodiments, Q is S. In some embodiments, Q is NRQ. In some embodiments, Q is NH. In some embodiments, Q is NRQ, wherein RQ is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Q is NRQ, wherein RQ is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Q is NRQ, wherein RQ is C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Q is NRQ, wherein RQ is -OR wherein R is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Q is NRQ, wherein RQ is -OR wherein R is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Q is NRQ, wherein RQ is -OR wherein R is C1-6 alkyl.
[0392] In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, Ry is not -H. In some embodiments, Ry is an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 aliphatic, 6-10 membered aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ry is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Ry is C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Ry is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, Ry is 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, Ry is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ry is 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0393] In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, In some embodiments, Rz is -H. In some embodiments, Rz is an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 aliphatic, 6-10 membered aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rz is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rz is C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rz is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, Rz is 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, Rz is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rz is 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0394] In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, Ry is not -H. In some embodiments, Ry is an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 aliphatic, 6-10 membered aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ry is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Ry is C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Ry is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, Ry is 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, Ry is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ry is 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rw is -H. In some embodiments, Rw is an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 aliphatic, 6-10 membered aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rw is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rw is C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rw is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, Rw is 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, Rw is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rw is 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0395] In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, Ry is -H. In some embodiments, Ry is an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 aliphatic, 6-10 membered aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ry is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Ry is C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Ry is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, Ry is 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, Ry is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ry is 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rw is not -H. In some embodiments, Rw is an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 aliphatic, 6-10 membered aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rw is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rw is C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rw is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, Rw is 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, Rw is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rw is 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0396] In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, Ry is -H. In some embodiments, Ry is an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 aliphatic, 6-10 membered aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ry is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Ry is C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Ry is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, Ry is 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, Ry is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ry is 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rw is -H. In some embodiments, Rw is an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6 aliphatic, 6-10 membered aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rw is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rw is C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rw is optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, Rw is 6-10 membered aryl. In some embodiments, Rw is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, Rw is 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0397] Ring
[0398] In some embodiments, a compound comprises an optionally substituted ring. In some embodiments, an embodiment of a variable is or comprises an optionally substituted ring. In some embodiments, a ring is substituted. In some embodiments, a ring is unsubstituted.
[0399] A ring can be monovalent, bivalent or polyvalent. In some embodiments, a ring is monovalent. In some embodiments, a ring is bivalent. In some embodiments, a ring is polyvalent. As appreciated by those skilled in the art, optional substituents may be properly excluded when counting valency of a ring.
[0400] In some embodiments, a ring is an optionally substituted bivalent 3-10 (e.g., 4-10, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0-4 (e.g., 0, 1-4, 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is 4-10 membered. In some embodiments, it is 4-9 membered. In some embodiments, it is 4-8 membered. In some embodiments, it is 4-7 membered. In some embodiments, it is 4-6 membered.
[0401] In some embodiments, a ring is aromatic. In some embodiments, it is not aromatic. In some embodiments, it is saturated. In some embodiments, it is partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, a ring comprises a saturated monocyclic ring unit. In some embodiments, a ring comprises a partially unsaturated monocyclic ring unit. In some embodiments, a ring comprises an aromatic monocyclic ring unit. In some embodiments, a ring comprises a heteroaromatic monocyclic ring unit.
[0402] In some embodiments, a ring has one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it has no heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a ring has a nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, a ring has an oxygen atom. In some embodiments, a ring has a sulfur atom.
[0403] In some embodiments, a ring is monocyclic. In some embodiments, it is bicyclic. In some embodiments, a ring is polycyclic. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently a 3-9 (e.g., 3-7, 4-7, 4-6, 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered ring. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 3-7 membered. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 4-7 membered. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 5-7 membered. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 5-or 6-membered. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is 6-membered. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is 5-membered. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is aromatic. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is aromatic, 6-membered and have no heteroatom. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is heteroaromatic. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is heteroaromatic and 5-membered. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is heteroaromatic and 6-membered. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic ring unit is not aromatic.
[0404] In some embodiments, a ring is an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered cycloaliphatic ring. In some embodiments, a ring is an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered cycloalkyl ring. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 3-membered saturated cycloaliphatic ring. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 4-membered saturated cycloaliphatic ring. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 5-membered saturated cycloaliphatic ring. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 6-membered saturated cycloaliphatic ring. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 7-membered saturated cycloaliphatic ring.
[0405] In some embodiments, a ring is an optionally substituted phenyl ring. In some embodiments, it is a phenyl ring. In some embodiments, a ring is an optionally substituted bicyclic 10-membered aromatic ring having no heteroatoms.
[0406] In some embodiments, a ring is an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-4 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 3-10 membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 4-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 5-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 6-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
[0407] In some embodiments, a ring is an optionally substituted 9-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-6 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, a ring is an optionally substituted 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-6 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, a ring is an optionally substituted 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-6 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, a ring is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered aromatic ring having 1-4 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms one of which is nitrogen and the other of which is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is a 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having one nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, it is 6-membered heteroaryl ring having one nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted pyridinyl ring. In some embodiments, it is a pyridinyl ring. In some embodiments, it is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having two nitrogen atoms.
[0408] R’
[0409] Various variables can be R’ as described herein. In some embodiments, R’ is hydrogen.
[0410] In some embodiments, R’ is R as described herein. In some embodiments, R’ is -OR wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, R’ is -C (O) R wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, R’ is -C (O) OR wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, R’ is -S (O) R wherein R is as described herein. In some embodiments, R’ is -S (O) 2R wherein R is as described herein.
[0411] R
[0412] Various variables can be R as described herein. Various embodiments for R are extensively described herein, including in various sections for other variables that can be R (e.g., R’ , Rs1, Rs2, Rs11, Rs12, Rs21, Rs22, Rs31, Rs32, Rs41, Rs42, etc. ) .
[0413] In some embodiments, R is -H. In some embodiments, R is not -H.
[0414] In some embodiments, each R is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, C1-C6 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 heteroatoms, 3-10 membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms, 6-10 membered aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms, 6-10 membered aryl-C1-C6 aliphatic, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms-C1-C6 aliphatic.
[0415] In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted methyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted ethyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted n-propyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted isopropyl. In some embodiments, R is n-butyl. In some embodiments, R is t-butyl. In some embodiments, R is pentyl. In some embodiments, R is hexyl.
[0416] In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and silicon. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted C1-6 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is nitrogen. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is oxygen. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is sulfur.
[0417] In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted C3-10 (e.g., C4-10, C3-9, C3-7, or 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10-membered) cycloaliphatic. In some embodiments, a cycloaliphatic group is a cycloalkyl group. In some embodiments, a cycloaliphatic group is monocyclic. In some embodiments, it is bicyclic. In some embodiments, it is polycyclic. In some embodiments, each monocyclic unit is independently a 3-10 (e.g., C4-10, C3-9, C3-7, or 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered cycloaliphatic ring. In some embodiments, a cycloaliphatic group is saturated. In some embodiments, it is partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted cyclobutyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted cyclopentyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted cycloheptyl. In some embodiments, R is cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, R is cyclobutyl. In some embodiments, R is cyclopentyl. In some embodiments, R is cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, R is cycloheptyl.
[0418] In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-9, 3-6, 3-5, or 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and silicon. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-9, 3-6, 3-5, or 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl group is monocyclic. In some embodiments, it is bicyclic. In some embodiments, it is polycyclic. In some embodiments, each monocyclic unit is independently a 3-10 (e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-4 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl group is saturated. In some embodiments, it is partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl ring has one heteroatom. In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl ring has two or more heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl ring has three or more heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl ring has four or more heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is nitrogen. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is oxygen. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is sulfur.
[0419] In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted C6-10 (e.g., C6, C10, etc. ) aryl. In some embodiments, an aryl ring is monocyclic. In some embodiments, an aryl ring is bicyclic. In some embodiments, an aryl ring is polycyclic. In some embodiments, each monocyclic unit is independently a 6-membered aromatic ring. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, R is phenyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 10-membered aryl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted naphthyl. In some embodiments, R is naphthyl.
[0420] In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 5-10 (e.g., 5-9, or 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 etc. ) membered heteroaryl having 1-6 (e.g., 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and silicon. In some embodiments, R is 5-10 (e.g., 5-9, or 5, 6, 9, 10 etc. ) membered heteroaryl having 1-4 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl ring is monocyclic. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl ring is bicyclic. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl ring is polycyclic. In some embodiments, each monocyclic unit is independently a 5-or 6-membered aromatic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms, e.g., independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein at least one monocyclic unit contains 1-4 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 5-membered monocyclic heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 8-membered bicyclic heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl ring has one heteroatom. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl ring has two or more heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl ring has three or more heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl ring has four or more heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is nitrogen. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is oxygen. In some embodiments, a heteroatom is sulfur.
[0421] In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted C6-10 (e.g., C6, C10, etc. ) aryl-C1-6 aliphatic, wherein the aryl and aliphatic are independently as described herein. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted C6-10 aryl-C1-6 alkyl.
[0422] In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 5-10 (e.g., 5-9, or 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 etc. ) membered heteroaryl having 1-6 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6) heteroatoms-C1-6 aliphatic wherein the heteroaryl and aliphatic are independently as described herein. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms-C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms-C1-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6) heteroatoms-C1-6 alkyl wherein the heteroaryl and alkyl are independently as described herein. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms-C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms-C1-6 alkyl. Various suitable heteroaryl and aliphatic groups are as described herein.
[0423] In some embodiments, two R groups on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having, in addition to the atom, 0-4 (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, two R groups on two atoms are optionally and independently taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring having, in addition to the intervening atoms, 0-4 (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4) heteroatoms
[0424] As described herein, in various instances, two R groups, or two groups that are or can be R (e.g., R’ , R2, R3, etc., ) , can be taken together with their intervening atom (s) to form an optionally substituted ring as described herein. In some embodiments, a formed ring is substituted (in addition to groups attached to the intervening atom (s) ) . In some embodiments, a formed ring is unsubstituted. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 3-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 4-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 5-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 6-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 7-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 8-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 9-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is 10-membered. In some embodiments, a formed ring is saturated. In some embodiments, a formed ring is partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, a formed ring is aromatic. In some embodiments, a formed ring is monocyclic. In some embodiments, it is bicyclic. In some embodiments, it is polycyclic. In some embodiments, each monocyclic unit is independently a 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 5-6, or 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring which is independently saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic and has 0-4 (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4) heteroatoms. In some embodiments, each monocyclic unit is independently a 3-10 (e.g., 3-10, 3-8, 3-6, 5-6, or 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc. ) membered ring which is independently saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic and has 0-4 (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 3-7 membered. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 3-6 membered. In some embodiments, each monocyclic ring unit is independently 5-7 membered. In some embodiments, each monocyclic unit is independently saturated or partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic unit is saturated. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic unit is partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, at least one monocyclic unit is aromatic. In some embodiments, a formed ring has, in addition to the intervening atom (s) , 0-4 (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and silicon. In some embodiments, there are no additional heteroatoms. In some embodiments, there is one additional heteroatom. In some embodiments, there are 2 additional heteroatoms. In some embodiments, there are 3 additional heteroatoms. In some embodiments, there are 4 additional heteroatoms. In some embodiments, there are 5 additional heteroatoms. In some embodiments, there are 6 or more additional heteroatoms. In some embodiments, an additional heteroatom is nitrogen. In some embodiments, an additional heteroatom is oxygen. In some embodiments, an additional heteroatom is sulfur.
[0425] As described herein, various groups may be optionally substituted. Substituents are routinely utilized in chemistry including in development of various therapeutics. Many substituents can be utilized in accordance with the present disclosure. In some embodiments, an optionally substituted group is unsubstituted. In some embodiments, an optionally substituted group is substituted. Substituents are preferably those that result in the formation of compounds for a desired property, activity, use, etc., as described herein. In some embodiments, compounds are stable for therapeutic use as described herein. The term “stable, ” as used herein, refers to compounds that are not substantially altered when subjected to conditions to allow for their production, detection, and, in certain embodiments, their recovery, purification, and use for one or more of the purposes disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a substituent is a hydrocarbon group. In some embodiments, a substituent comprises a heteroatom. In some embodiments, a substituent comprises multiple heteroatoms. In some embodiments, each atom in a substituent is independently selected from hydrogen, carbon, halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus and silicon. In some embodiments, each atom in a substituent is independently selected from hydrogen, carbon, halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, each atom in a substituent is independently selected from hydrogen, carbon, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the total number of carbon and non-halogen heteroatom (s) in a substituent is about or no more than about 1; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 2; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 3; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 4; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 5; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 6; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 7; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 8; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 9; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 10; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 11; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 12; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 13; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 14; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 15; in some embodiments, it is no more than about 20. In some embodiments, the total number of carbon and non-halogen heteroatom (s) in each substituent is independently no more than about 20. In some embodiments, the total number of carbon and non-halogen heteroatom (s) in each substituent is independently no more than about 15. In some embodiments, the total number of carbon and non-halogen heteroatom (s) in each substituent is independently no more than about 10. In some embodiments, the total number of carbon and non-halogen heteroatom (s) in each substituent is independently no more than about 6. In some embodiments, each optional substituent on a substitutable group (e.g., Ring A, Ring B, R, etc. ) is independently halogen, C1-4 alkyl, -OH, -CN, -NO2, C1-4 haloalkyl (e.g., -CF3) , -ORSB, -N (RSB) 2, -C (O) ORSB, -C (O) N (RSB) 2, or -S (O) 2N (RSB) 2 wherein each RSB is independently -H, C1-4 alkyl or C1-4 haloalkyl. In some embodiments, each optional substituent on a substitutable group (e.g., Ring A, Ring B, R, etc. ) is independently halogen, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, or –OH. In some embodiments, each optional substituent on a substitutable group (e.g., Ring A, Ring B, R, etc. ) is independently halogen or C1-4 alkyl. As examples, many substituents are exemplified in compounds described herein, e.g., in Table 1.
[0426] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound having a structure selected below (Table 1) or a salt thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a stereoisomer of a compound having a structure selected below (Table 1) or a salt thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides an enantiomer of a compound having a structure selected below (Table 1) or a salt thereof. In some embodiments, a salt is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. In some embodiments, a compound may optionally in a solvate form. As those skill in the art reading the present disclosure will appreciate, provided compounds may be provided in various forms, e.g., acid, base, salt, solvate (e.g., solvates of various acid, base, or salt forms) , etc.
[0427] Table 1. Certain compounds as examples.
[0428] Method of Manufacturing
[0429] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides various technologies, e.g., reagents, intermediates, conditions, etc. for preparing compounds and compositions as described herein. Those skilled in the art appreciate that many technologies are available and can be utilized in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0430] As appreciated by those skilled in the art, in chemical reactions various groups, e.g., hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, etc. may be protected to avoid undesired reactions. Many technologies for protection / deprotection are available to those skilled in the art and may be utilized in accordance with the present disclosure. Certain such technologies are described herein including exemplified in the Examples.
[0431] Various chemical reactions are typically performed in a solvent. In some embodiments, a reaction is performed in a single solvent, e.g., DCM, THF, Et2O, EtOH, toluene, etc. In some embodiments, a reaction is performed in a mixture of two or more solvents. In some embodiments, a solvent is polar. In some embodiments, a solvent is non-polar. In some embodiments, a solvent is protic. In some embodiments, a solvent is non-protic. In some embodiments, a solvent is polar but is not protic. Suitable solvents for various reactions are available to those skilled in the art and can be utilized in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0432] In some embodiments, a reaction is conducted under an inert atmosphere, e.g., N2, Ar, etc. In some embodiments, a reaction is conducted with exposure to air. In some embodiments, a reaction is conducted under anhydrous conditions, e.g., with reagents, solvents, vessels, etc., properly dried. In some embodiments, a reaction is conducted in the presence of significant of water (e.g., about or more than about 0.1, 0.5, or 1 equivalent) .
[0433] In some embodiments, reactions are performed, or are performed for periods of time, at temperatures that are higher or lower than or about a standard ambient temperature (25 ℃) . In some embodiments, a reaction temperature is lower than a standard ambient temperature. In some embodiments, a temperature is about or no more than about -78, -60, -50, -40, -30, -20, -10, 0 or 10 ℃. In some embodiments, a temperature is about or no more than about 10 ℃. In some embodiments, a temperature is about or no more than about 15 ℃. In some embodiments, a temperature is about or no more than about 20 ℃. In some embodiments, a reaction temperature is about a standard ambient temperature. In some embodiments, a reaction temperature is higher than a standard ambient temperature. In some embodiments, a reaction temperature is about or at least about 35, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, or 100 ℃. In some embodiments, a reaction comprises refluxing in a boiling solvent system, e.g., in ether, toluene, etc. In some embodiments, temperature changes during a reaction process, e.g., increasing from a lower temperature to a higher temperature, decreasing from a higher temperature to a lower temperature, or both.
[0434] In some embodiments, a product is selectively produced over another potential product. In some embodiments, a product is produced with chemoselectivity, stereoselectivity and / or regioselectivity. In some embodiments, a selectivity is presented as a ratio, e.g., of one product over another. In some embodiments, a ratio is about or at least about 1.5: 1, 2: 1, 2.5: 1, 3: 1, 4: 1, 5: 1, 6: 1, 7: 1, 8: 1, 9: 1, 10: 1, 11: 1, 12:1, 13: 1, 14: 1, 15: 1, 16: 1, 17: 1, 18: 1, 19: 1, 20: 1, 25: 1, 30: 1, 40: 1, 50: 1, 60: 1, 70: 1, 80: 1, 90: 1, 100: 1, 200: 1, 500: 1 or more.
[0435] Reactions may be performed for a variety of time lengths. In some embodiments, reactions complete instantly. In some embodiments, reaction times varies from minutes to hours to days, e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45 minutes, or 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20 or 22 hours, or one or two days or longer. Those skilled in the art can use various technologies to determine when to terminate reactions, e.g., based on consumption of starting materials, products formation, by-products formation, etc.
[0436] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides compounds of high purity. In some embodiments, purity of a compound is or greater than about 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.7%, or 99.9%. In some embodiments, purity of a compound is or greater than about 80%. In some embodiments, purity of a compound is or greater than about 85%. In some embodiments, purity of a compound is or greater than about 90%. In some embodiments, purity of a compound is or greater than about 95%. In some embodiments, purity of a compound is or greater than about 96%. In some embodiments, purity of a compound is or greater than about 97%. In some embodiments, purity of a compound is or greater than about 98%. In some embodiments, purity of a compound is or greater than about 99%. In some embodiments, purity of a compound is or greater than about 99.5%. In some embodiments, purity of a compound is or greater than about 99.7%. In some embodiments, purity of a compound is or greater than about 99.9%. In some embodiments, as often utilized in the art, for a solid composition, a purity is wt%.
[0437] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides compounds of high stereochemical purity. In some embodiments, stereochemical purity of a compound is or greater than about 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.7%, or 99.9%. In some embodiments, stereochemical purity of a compound is or greater than about 80%. In some embodiments, stereochemical purity of a compound is or greater than about 85%. In some embodiments, stereochemical purity of a compound is or greater than about 90%. In some embodiments, stereochemical purity of a compound is or greater than about 95%. In some embodiments, stereochemical purity of a compound is or greater than about 96%. In some embodiments, stereochemical purity of a compound is or greater than about 97%. In some embodiments, stereochemical purity of a compound is or greater than about 98%. In some embodiments, stereochemical purity of a compound is or greater than about 99%. In some embodiments, stereochemical purity of a compound is or greater than about 99.5%. In some embodiments, stereochemical purity of a compound is or greater than about 99.7%. In some embodiments, stereochemical purity of a compound is or greater than about 99.9%.
[0438] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides compounds of high enantiomeric purity. In some embodiments, enantiomeric purity of a compound is or greater than about 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.7%, or 99.9%. In some embodiments, enantiomeric purity of a compound is or greater than about 80%. In some embodiments, enantiomeric purity of a compound is or greater than about 85%. In some embodiments, enantiomeric purity of a compound is or greater than about 90%. In some embodiments, enantiomeric purity of a compound is or greater than about 95%. In some embodiments, enantiomeric purity of a compound is or greater than about 96%. In some embodiments, enantiomeric purity of a compound is or greater than about 97%. In some embodiments, enantiomeric purity of a compound is or greater than about 98%. In some embodiments, enantiomeric purity of a compound is or greater than about 99%. In some embodiments, enantiomeric purity of a compound is or greater than about 99.5%. In some embodiments, enantiomeric purity of a compound is or greater than about 99.7%. In some embodiments, enantiomeric purity of a compound is or greater than about 99.9%. In some embodiments, configuration of a stereogenic center is shown in a chemical structure next to such a stereogenic center, e.g., as “R” , “S” , “ (R) ” , “ (S) ” , etc., which configuration is typically determined by commercial software like ChemDraw when such software is utilized to prepare such a chemical structure. In some embodiments, configuration of a stereogenic center is not shown. Those skilled in the art can readily determine configurations of stereogenic centers according to common practices in the art.
[0439] Stereochemically pure, e.g., enantiomerically pure, compounds and compositions can be prepared utilizing various technologies in accordance with the present disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, they can be prepared through separation including chiral separation; in some embodiments, they can be prepared through stereoselective synthesis.
[0440] In some embodiments, a method comprises one or more steps described below, wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, a method is described below as an example. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound having a structure of a formula selected below or a salt thereof.
[0441] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method, comprising:
[0442] reacting a compound having the structure of formula III-a:
[0443] or a salt thereof, with a compound having the structure of R3-C (O) -R4, or a salt thereof, to provide a compound having the structure of formula IV-a:
[0444] or a salt thereof, wherein Rm1 is R’ as described herein, and each other variable is independently as described herein.
[0445] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method, comprising:
[0446] reacting a compound having the structure of formula III-b:
[0447] or a salt thereof, with a compound having the structure of R3-C (O) -R4 or a salt thereof, to provide a compound having the structure of formula IV-b:
[0448] or a salt thereof, wherein Rm1 is R’ as described herein, and each other variable is independently as described herein.
[0449] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method, comprising:
[0450] reacting a compound having the structure of formula III-c:
[0451] or a salt thereof, with a compound having the structure of R3-C (O) -R4 or a salt thereof,
[0452] to provide a compound having the structure of formula IV-c:
[0453] or a salt thereof, wherein Rm1 is R’ as described herein, and each other variable is independently as described herein.
[0454] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method, comprising:
[0455] reacting a compound having the structure of formula III-d:
[0456] R2-NH-C (Ry) 2-C (R3) (R4) -OH,
[0457] III-d
[0458] or a salt thereof, with a compound having the structure of HC (O) C (O) ORm1 or a salt thereof, to provide a compound having the structure of formula IV-d:
[0459] or a salt thereof, wherein Rm1 is R’ as described herein, and each other variable is independently as described herein.
[0460] In some embodiments, a method performed in the presence of an acid. In some embodiments, a method is performed in the presence of H2SO4. In some embodiments, a method is performed in the presence of concentrated H2SO4. In some embodiments, a method is performed in the presence of TsOH, pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (PPTS) , BF3·Et2O. In some embodiments, a method is performed in the presence of TsOH. In some embodiments, a method is performed in the presence of pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (PPTS) . In some embodiments, a method is performed in the presence of BF3·Et2O. In some embodiments, a method is performed in the presence of TsOH. In some embodiments, a method is performed in the presence of TsOH. In some embodiments, a method is performed in the presence of TsOH.
[0461] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method, comprising:
[0462] reacting a compound having the structure of formula III-e:
[0463] or a salt thereof, with a compound having the structure of R3-C (O) -R4 or a salt thereof,
[0464] to provide a compound having the structure of formula IV-a:
[0465] or a salt thereof, wherein Rm1 is R’ , LG is a leaving group (e.g., -Br, -OTs, etc. ) , and each other variable is independently as described herein.
[0466] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method, comprising:
[0467] reacting a compound having the structure of formula III-f:
[0468] or a salt thereof, with a compound having the structure of R3-C (O) -R4 or a salt thereof,
[0469] to provide a compound having the structure of formula IV-a:
[0470] or a salt thereof, wherein Rm1 is R’ , LG is a leaving group (e.g., -Br, -OTs, etc. ) , and each other variable is independently as described herein.
[0471] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method, comprising:
[0472] reacting a compound having the structure of formula III-g:
[0473] or a salt thereof, with a compound having the structure of Rw-C (O) -C (O) ORm1 or a salt thereof, to provide a compound having the structure of formula IV-g:
[0474] or a salt thereof, wherein Rm1 is R’ , and each other variable is independently as described herein.
[0475] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method, comprising:
[0476] reacting a compound having the structure of formula III-h:
[0477] C (R3) (R4) =C (Ry) -C (O) -R2,
[0478] III-h
[0479] or a salt thereof, with a compound having the structure of Rw-CH (SH) -C (O) ORm1 or a salt thereof, to provide a compound having the structure of formula IV-h:
[0480] or a salt thereof;
[0481] optionally converting a compound of formula IV-h or a salt thereof into a compound of formula IV-h-2 or IV-h-3:
[0482] or a salt thereof;
[0483] optionally converting a compound of formula IV-h-2 or a salt thereof into a compound of formula IV-h-3 or a salt thereof; and
[0484] optionally converting a compound of formula IV-h-2 or IV-h-3 or a salt thereof into a compound of formula IV-h-4:
[0485] or a salt thereof;
[0486] wherein Rm1 is R’ , and each other variable is independently as described herein.
[0487] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method, wherein the method comprises converting a compound of formula IV-h or a salt thereof into a compound of formula IV-h-2 or a salt thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method, wherein the method comprises converting a compound of formula IV-h or a salt thereof into a compound of formula IV-h-3 or a salt thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method, wherein the method comprises converting a compound of formula IV-h-2 or a salt thereof into a compound of formula IV-h-3 or a salt thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method, wherein the method comprises converting a compound of formula IV-h-2 or IV-h-3 or a salt thereof into a compound of formula IV-h-4 or a salt thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method, wherein the method comprises converting a compound of formula IV-h-3 or a salt thereof into a compound of formula IV-h-4 or a salt thereof. In some embodiments, a compound of formula IV-h-3 or a salt thereof is converted into a compound of formula IV-h-4 or a salt thereof through hydrogenation, e.g., in the presence of a metal catalyst as described herein (e.g., those comprising a metal such as Pd) . In some embodiments, a compound of formula IV-h-3 or a salt thereof is converted into a compound of formula IV-h-4 or a salt thereof in the presence of a metal (e.g., Mg) and an alcohol (e.g., a C1-4 alcohol such as MeOH) .
[0488] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method, comprising:
[0489] reacting a compound having the structure of formula III-i:
[0490] O--N+ (PG) =C (Rz) (R2) ,
[0491] III-i
[0492] or a salt thereof, with a compound having the structure of C (R3) (R4) =C (Ry) 2 or a salt thereof, to provide a compound having the structure of formula IV-i:
[0493] or a salt thereof;
[0494] optionally converting a compound of formula IV-i or a salt thereof into a compound of formula IV-i-2:
[0495] or a salt thereof;
[0496] optionally converting a compound of formula IV-i-2 or a salt thereof into a compound of formula IV-i-3:
[0497] or a salt thereof (e.g., through reacting with a compound having the structure of O=C=N-R1 or a salt thereof) ;
[0498] wherein PG is R’ or a suitable protecting group (e.g., -CH2- (optionally substituted aromatic group (e.g., phenyl) ) , and each other variable is independently as described herein.
[0499] In some embodiments, a method is performed in the presence of a base. In some embodiments, a method is performed in the presence of K2CO3.
[0500] In some embodiments, a provided method comprises contacting a compound of formula I or a salt thereof, wherein X is S, with an oxidizing agent to provide a compound of formula I or a salt thereof, wherein X is -S (O) -. Various suitable oxidizing agents are available and can be utilized in accordance with the present disclosure. In some embodiments, an oxidizing agent is m-CPBA.
[0501] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method, comprising:
[0502] reacting a compound having the structure of formula III-f:
[0503] or a salt thereof, with H2S a salt thereof,
[0504] to provide a compound of formula III-j:
[0505] or a salt thereof.
[0506] In some embodiments, LG is -Br. In some embodiments, a compound having the structure of formula III-f or a salt thereof is reacted with NaSH. In some embodiments, a reaction is performed in the presence of a chelator. In some embodiments, a reaction is performed in the presence of a crown ether. In some embodiments, a reaction is performed in the presence of 15-crown-5.
[0507] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method, comprising:
[0508] reacting a compound having the structure of formula III-k:
[0509] or a salt thereof, with a compound having the structure of R3-C (O) -R4 or a salt thereof,
[0510] to provide a compound having the structure of formula IV-j:
[0511] or a salt thereof, wherein Rm1 is R’ as described herein, and each other variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, a reaction is performed in the presence of an acid, e.g., H2SO4. Various other acids, e.g., those described herein, can be utilized in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0512] In some embodiments, a method is performed below 0 ℃. In some embodiments, a method is performed below -10 ℃. In some embodiments, a method is performed below -20 ℃. In some embodiments, a method is performed below -30 ℃. In some embodiments, a method is performed below -40 ℃. In some embodiments, a method is performed below -50 ℃. In some embodiments, a method is performed below -60 ℃. In some embodiments, a method is performed below -70 ℃. In some embodiments, a method is performed at about -78 ℃. In some embodiments, a method is performed at about -78 ℃ to 0 ℃. In some embodiments, a method is performed at about -78 ℃ to -10 ℃. In some embodiments, a method is performed at about -78 ℃ to -20 ℃. In some embodiments, a method is performed at about -78 ℃ to -30 ℃. In some embodiments, a method is performed at about -78 ℃ to -40 ℃. In some embodiments, a method is performed at about -40 ℃ to 0 ℃. In some embodiments, a method is performed at about -40 ℃ to -10 ℃. In some embodiments, a method is performed at about at about -40 ℃ to -20 ℃. In some embodiments, a method is performed at about at about -78 ℃ to 120 ℃.
[0513] In some embodiments, a method is performed for about 1 hour. In some embodiments, a method is performed for about 50 min. In some embodiments, a method is performed for about 40 min. In some embodiments, a method is performed for about 30 min. In some embodiments, a method is performed for about 20 min. In some embodiments, a method is performed for about 10 min. In some embodiments, a method is performed for less than 2 hours. In some embodiments, a method is performed for less than 3 hours. In some embodiments, a method is performed for less than 4 hours. In some embodiments, a method is performed for less than 5 hours. In some embodiments, a method is performed for less than 6 hours. In some embodiments, a method is performed for less than 12 hours. In some embodiments, a method is performed for less than 24 hours.
[0514] In some embodiments, Rm1 is optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, Rm1 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rm1 is ethyl. In some embodiments, Rm1 is methyl. In some embodiments, R3 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R3 is halogen substituted C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R3 is C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R3 is methyl. In some embodiments, R3 is –CF3.
[0515] In some embodiments, R4 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R4 is halogen substituted C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R4 is C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R4 is methyl. In some embodiments, R4 is –CF3.
[0516] In some embodiments, a method comprises converting -C (O) ORm1 to -COOH or a salt form thereof to provide a compound of formula II or a salt thereof, wherein Rm1 is as described herein. In some embodiments, a method comprises reacting -C (O) OH or a salt form thereof with NHR1R1’ or a salt thereof to provide a compound of formula I or a salt thereof, wherein each variable is independently as described herein. In some embodiments, a method comprises reacting -C (O) ORm1 with NHR1R1’ or a salt thereof to provide a compound of formula I or a salt thereof, wherein each variable is independently as described herein.
[0517] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for preparing a compound of formula II or a salt thereof, wherein the compound has an enantiomeric purity of about or at least about 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 99.5%. In some embodiments, a provided methods comprising contacting a composition comprising both enantiomers of a compound of formula II or a salt thereof with a chiral amine (e.g., with an enantiomeric purity of about or at least about 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 99.5%) in a solvent system, wherein an enantiomer of a compound of formula II or a salt thereof forms a complex (e.g., a salt) with the chiral amine that has a lower solubility in the solvent system compared to the other enantiomer and / or the complex formed by the other enantiomer with the chiral amine. In some embodiments, the complex of the lower solubility forms a solid. In some embodiments, such a solid is separated by filtration.
[0518] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method, comprising:
[0519] adding a chiral amine to a solution comprising both enantiomers of a compound of formula II or a salt thereof, wherein one of the enantiomer, enantiomer A, forms a complex with the chiral amine (complex A) which complex has a lower solubility in the solution compared to the other enantiomer, enantiomer B, and / or the complex formed by enantiomer B with the chiral amine (complex B) , and complex A forms solid from the solution;
[0520] separating the complex A solid (e.g., by filtration) .
[0521] In some embodiments, complex A solid is dissolved in a solvent, e.g., EtOAc, and the solution is washed with an acid aqueous solution (e.g., 1M HCl) to remove and / or recover the chiral amine. In some embodiments, remove of the solvent produces enantiomer A.
[0522] In some embodiments, a method comprising:
[0523] adding a chiral amine to a solution comprising both enantiomers of a compound of formula II or a salt thereof, wherein one of the enantiomer, enantiomer B, forms a complex with the chiral amine (complex B) which complex has a lower solubility in the solution compared to the other enantiomer, enantiomer A, and / or the complex formed by enantiomer A with the chiral amine, and complex A forms solid from the solution;
[0524] separating the complex A solid (e.g., by filtration) .
[0525] In some embodiments, such a method produces a solution with enriched enantiomer A, which can be isolated by remove of solution solvent (s) .
[0526] In some embodiments, a solvent system is or comprises iPrOH. In some embodiments, a solvent system is or comprises water. In some embodiments, a solvent system is or comprises iPrOH and water. In some embodiments, the ratio of iPrOH : H2O is about 50 : 3 (v / v) . In some embodiments, a chiral amine is In some embodiments, a chiral amine is In some embodiments, a compound of formula II is In some embodiments, a compound of formula II is In some embodiments, a complex is or comprises (e.g., as complex B) . In some embodiments, a complex is or comprises (e.g., as complex A) .
[0527] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a compound, e.g., a compound of formula I or II or a salt thereof, comprising forming a complex as described herein, e.g., a complex of a compound of formula II (e.g., a compound otherwise having the same structure except that instead of having -C (Q) N (R1’ ) (R1) in a compound of formula I, the compound has -COOH) . In some embodiments, a provided method can provide products and compositions thereof with high enantiomeric purity as described herein.
[0528] Use
[0529] According to certain reports, painful stimuli encompass electrical impulses transmitted from nociceptive dorsal root ganglion neurons through ascending spinal pathways, ultimately reaching the central nervous system (CNS) . Nociceptors express voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) that selectively facilitate the influx of sodium ions, playing a pivotal role in initiating and propagating action potentials (APs) (Yu et al., Genome Biology 4: 207, 2003) . VGSCs comprise nine alpha subunits, encoded by the SCN1A-SCN11A genes, and are associated with beta subunits that modulate channel properties. Diverse electrophysiological characteristics of alpha subunits, sensed by the voltage sensor in segment 4 (S4) , give rise to nine distinct Nav channel subtypes (Nav1.1–Nav1.9) exhibiting varied voltage-dependent properties and kinetics.
[0530] There are reports that Nav1.8 is selectively expressed in nociceptors within the small and medium-sized dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of the peripheral system and plays important roles in peripheral pain mechanisms. Notably, proexcitatory mutations in Nav1.8 have been identified in patients diagnosed with painful small fiber neuropathy. Additionally, Nav1.8 knockdown has been shown to reduce pain-related behaviors, particularly in cases of neuropathic pain (J. Lai et al., Pain, 2002 (Jan) ; 95(1-2) : 143-152) . Furthermore, a natural variant, A1073V, which induces a shift in the voltage dependence of activation toward a more depolarized direction, appears to ameliorate pain symptoms. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides technologies for pharmacological modulation of Nav1.8 which can provide a therapy to treat diseases associated with Nav1.8.
[0531] In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for modulating Nav1.8 activity in a system comprising Nav1.8, comprising administering or delivering to the system an effective amount of a compound or a pharmaceutical composition as described herein. In some embodiments, a system is or comprises a cell. In some embodiments, a system is or comprises a tissue. In some embodiments, a system is or comprises an organ. In some embodiments, a system is or comprises an organism. In some embodiments, a system is a subject. In some embodiments, a system is an animal. In some embodiments, a system is a human. In some embodiments, a system expresses Nav1.8. In some embodiments, a system is or comprises skin. In some embodiments, a system is or comprises non-neuronal cells or tissues. In some embodiments, a system is or comprises epidermal keratinocytes. In some embodiments, a system is or comprises hair follicles. In some embodiments, a method reduces Nav1.8 activity level compared absence of a provided compound. In some embodiments, a reduction is about or at least about 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 95%.
[0532] In some embodiments, a method increases Nav1.8 activity level compared absence of a provided compound. In some embodiments, an increase is about or at least about 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 95%.
[0533] In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for preventing a condition, disorder or disease, comprising administering to a subject susceptible thereto an effective amount of a provided compound or composition. In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for treating a condition, disorder or disease, comprising administering to a subject suffering therefrom an effective amount of a provided compound or composition. In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for preventing a condition, disorder or disease, comprising delivering to a subject susceptible thereto an effective amount of a provided compound or composition. In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for treating a condition, disorder or disease, comprising delivering to a subject suffering therefrom an effective amount of a provided compound or composition. In some embodiments, a compound is administered or delivered as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form. In some embodiments, a composition is a pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, to deliver a provided compound, a prodrug thereof may be administered.
[0534] In some embodiments, a compound is utilized in a racemic form. In some embodiments, a composition is a stereorandom mixture of multiple stereoisomers. For example, in some embodiments, a composition is a stereorandom mixture of two enantiomers. In some embodiments, a compound is utilized in a stereochemically pure form as described herein. In some embodiments, a compound is utilized in an enantiomerically pure form. In some embodiments, a composition is enriched for one or more stereoisomers over the others as described herein. In some embodiments, a composition is enriched for an enantiomer as described herein. In some embodiments, a composition is stereochemically pure. In some embodiments, a composition is enantiomerically pure.
[0535] In some embodiments, a condition, disorder or disease is a Nav1.8-associated condition, disorder or disease. In some embodiments, a condition, disorder or disease is associated with Nav1.8 activation.
[0536] In some embodiments, a condition, disorder or disease is or comprises pain. In some embodiments, condition, disorder or disease is or comprises chronic pain, gut pain, neuropathic pain, musculoskeletal pain, acute pain, inflammatory pain, cancer pain, idiopathic pain, postsurgical pain, visceral pain, multiple sclerosis, Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome, incontinence, pathological cough, or cardiac arrhythmia. In some embodiments, a condition, disorder or disease is or comprises neuropathic pain, musculoskeletal pain, osteoarthritis pain, acute pain, acute post-operative pain, postsurgical pain, bunionectomy pain, abdominoplasty pain, herniorrhaphy pain, or visceral pain. In some embodiments, condition, disorder or disease is or comprises post-herpetic neuralgia, small-fiber neuropathy, idiopathic small-fiber neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, or diabetic peripheral neuropathy. In some embodiments, a condition, disease or disorder is or comprises inflammatory pain. In some embodiments, a condition, disease or disorder is or comprises neuropathic pain. In some embodiments, a condition, disease or disorder is or comprises post-surgical pain.
[0537] In some embodiments, a condition, disorder or disease is or comprises migraine, neurodegeneration following ischemia, epilepsy, arthralgia, cardiac pain arising from an ischemic myocardium, acute pain, chronic pain, nociceptive pain, neuropathic pain, post-operative pain, pain due to neuralgia (e.g., post-herpetic neuralgia, traumatic neuralgia, fibromyalgia, trigeminal neuralgia) , pain due to diabetic neuropathy, dental pain, cancer pain, or inflammatory pain conditions (e.g. arthritis and osteoarthritis) . In some embodiments, a condition, disorder or disease is or comprises spontaneous pain, acute pain, preoperative pain, perioperative pain, or post-operative pain.
[0538] In some embodiments, a condition, disorder or disease is or comprises neuropathic pain, nociceptive pain, dental pain, HIV pain, cardiac pain arising from an ischemic myocardium, pain due to migraine, arthralgia, neuropathies, neurodegeneration, retinopathy, neurotic skin disorder, stroke, urinary bladder hypersensitiveness, urinary incontinence, vulvodynia, gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, gastro-esophageal reflux disease, enteritis, ileitis , stomach-duodenal ulcer, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, celiac disease, an inflammatory disease such as pancreatitis, a respiratory disorder such as allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, irritation of skin, eye or mucous membrane, atopic dermatitis, eczema itch, fervescence, muscle spasms, emesis, dyskinesias, depression, Huntington's disease, memory deficits, restricted brain function, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) , dementia, arthritis, osteoarthritis, diabetes, obesity, urticaria, actinic keratosis, keratocanthoma, alopecia, Meniere's disease, tinnitus, hyperacusis, anxiety disorders, or benign prostate hyperplasia. In some embodiments, a condition, disorder or disease is or comprises atopic dermatitis, eczema, sebhorreic eczema, itch, skin inflammation, or psoriasis.
[0539] In some embodiments, idiopathic pain comprises fibromyalgia pain.
[0540] In some embodiments, a condition, disorder or disease is or comprises acute pain, sub-acute and chronic pain, nociceptive pain, neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, nociplastic pain, arthritis, migraine, cluster headaches, trigeminal neuralgia, herpetic neuralgia, general neuralgias, epilepsy, epilepsy conditions, neurodegenerative disorders, psychiatric disorders, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, myotonia, arrhythmia, movement disorders, neuroendocrine disorders, ataxia, central neuropathic pain of multiple sclerosis and irritable bowel syndrome, incontinence, pathological cough, visceral pain, osteoarthritis pain, postherpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, radicular pain, sciatica, back pain, unspecific chronic back pain, head pain, neck pain, moderate pain, severe pain, intractable pain, nociceptive pain, breakthrough pain, postsurgical pain (e.g., joint replacement pain, soft tissue surgery pain, herniorrhaphy pain, bunionectomy pain or abdominoplasty pain) , cancer pain including chronic cancer pain and breakthrough cancer pain, stroke (e.g., post stroke central neuropathic pain) , whiplash associated disorders, fragility fractures, spinal fractures, ankylosing spondylitis, pemphigus, Raynaud's Disease, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, Epidermolysis bullosa, gout, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, melorheostosis, polymyalgia reumatica, pyoderma gangrenosum, chronic widespread pain, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, disc degeneration / herniation pain, radiculopathy, facet joint syndrome, failed back surgery syndrome, burns, carpal tunnel syndrome, Paget's disease pain, spinal canal stenosis, spondylodyscitis, transverse myelitis, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Fabry's disease, mastocytocytosis, neurofibromatosis, ocular neuropathic pain, sarcoidosis, spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, chemotherapy induced oral mucositis, Charcot neuropathic osteoarhropathy, temporo-mandibular joint disorder, painful joint arthroplasties, non-cardiac chest pain, pudendal, renal colic, biliary tract diseases, vascular leg ulcers, pain in Parkinson's disease, pain in Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stress induced angina, exercise induced angina, palpitations, hypertension, or abnormal gastro-intestinal motility.
[0541] In some embodiments, a condition, disorder or disease is or comprises femur cancer pain, non-malignant chronic bone pain, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, spinal stenosis, neuropathic low back pain, myofascial pain syndrome, fibromyalgia, temporomandibular joint pain, chronic visceral pain, abdominal pain, pancreatic pain, IBS pain, chronic and acute headache pain, migraine, tension headache, cluster headaches, chronic and acute neuropathic pain, post-herpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, HIV-associated neuropathy, trigeminal neuralgia, Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, hereditary sensory neuropathy, peripheral nerve injury, painful neuromas, ectopic proximal and distal discharges, radiculopathy, chemotherapy induced neuropathic pain, radiotherapy-induced neuropathic pain, persistent / chronic post-surgical pain (e.g., post amputation, post-thoracotomy, postcardiac surgery) , post-mastectomy pain, central pain, spinal cord injury pain, post-stroke pain, thalamic pain, phantom pain (e.g., following removal of lower extremity, upper extremity, breast) , intractable pain, acute pain, acute post-operative pain, acute musculoskeletal pain, joint pain, mechanical low back pain, neck pain, tendonitis, injury pain...
Claims
1.A compound, wherein the compound is compound having the structure of formula I: or a salt thereof, wherein:R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from 6-10 membered aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, 3-10 membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and a bicyclic ring wherein the first ring is attached to the nitrogen atom and is a phenyl ring or a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and the second ring is a phenyl ring, a 5-10 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, or a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; or R1 isR1’ is R’, or R1 and R1’ are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-10 membered ring having 0-6 heteroatoms in addition to the nitrogen atom;Q is O, S, NRQ;RQ is -R’ or -OR’;R2 is an optionally substituted group selected from phenyl, 3-10 membered cycloaliphatic, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; or R2 is -LR2-RB;LR2 is absent or -O-, -S-or optionally substituted -CH2-;RB isR3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, -CN or R;each X is independently -O-, -S-, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -S (O) (NRQX) -, -Se-, -Se (O) -, -Se (O) 2-, -C (Rx) 2-, or optionally substituted -CH2-;each Rx is independently -R’ or -N (R’) 2;each RQX is independently -R’ or -OR’;x is 1 or 2;W is N, C, C (Rw) , or optionally substituted CH, wherein Rw is -R’ or -N (R’) 2, and when W is C, Z is C;Z is N, C, C (Rz) , or optionally substituted CH, wherein Rz is -R’ or -N (R’) 2, and when Z is C, W is C or Y is -C (Ry) = or optionally substituted -CH=;each Y is independently -O-, -S-, –N (Ry) -, -C (Ry) 2-, -C (Ry) =, optionally substituted -CH2-, or optionally substituted -CH=, wherein each Ry is independently -R’ or -N (R) 2, and when the Y bonded to Z is -C (Ry) = or optionally substituted -CH=, Z is C;y is 1 or 2;each of Ring A and Ring B is independently an optionally substituted 3-10 membered ring having 0-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur;each Rs1 is independently halogen, -CN, -Ls1-Rs11, -ORs11, -NRs11Rs12, -C (O) Rs11, -C (O) NRs11Rs12, -C (NRs13) NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2Rs11, -S (O) Rs11, -S (O) (NRs12) Rs11, -S (O) NRs11Rs12, -C (O) N (Rs13) S (O) 2NRs11Rs12, or -OS (O) 2NRs11Rs12;each Ls1 is independently absent or an optionally substituted bivalent C1-6 aliphatic chain or C1-4 heteroaliphatic chain having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein one or more methylene units of the C1-6 aliphatic chain or the C1-4 heteroaliphatic chain are optionally and independently replaced with -C (O) -, -C (O) N (RLs1) -, -C (S) -, -C (S) N (RLs1) -, -C (=NRLs2) -, -C (=NRLs2) N (RLs1) -, -O-, -S-, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -S (O) 2N (RLs1) -, -OS (O) 2N (RLs1) -, -S (O) (=NRLs1) -, -N (RLs1) -, -P (O) (RLs1) -, -P (O) (RLs1) O-, -P (S) (RLs1) -, -P (S) (RLs1) O-, or -Cy-;each -Cy-is independently an optionally substituted bivalent 3-10 membered ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur;each Rs2 is independently halogen, -CN, -Rs21, -ORs21, -NRs21Rs22, -C (O) Rs21, -C (O) NRs21Rs22, -SRs21, -S (O) 2NRs21Rs22, -S (O) 2Rs21, -S (O) Rs21, -S (O) (NRs22) Rs21, -S (O) NRs21Rs22, -SF5, or-OS (O) 2NRs21Rs22;each of s1 and s2 is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;each of Rs11, Rs12, Rs13, Rs21, Rs22, RLs1 and RLs2 is independently R’;eachis independently a single or double bond;each R’ is independently R, -OR, -C (O) R, -C (O) OR, -S (O) R, or -S (O) 2R;each R is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, C1-C6 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, 3-10 membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, 6-10 membered aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, 6-10 membered aryl-C1-C6 aliphatic, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms-C1-C6 aliphatic wherein each heteroatom is independently selected nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; ortwo R groups on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted 3-10 membered ring having, in addition to the atom, 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; ortwo R groups on two atoms are optionally and independently taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 3-10 membered ring having, in addition to the intervening atoms, 0-4 heteroatoms.2.A compound, wherein the compound is compound having the structure of formula I’: or a salt thereof, wherein:R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from 6-10 membered aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and a bicyclic ring wherein the first ring is attached to the nitrogen atom and is a phenyl ring or a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and the second ring is a phenyl ring, a 5-10 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, or a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; or R1 isR1’ is R’, or R1 and R1’ are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-6 membered ring having 0-3 heteroatoms in addition to the nitrogen atom;R2 is an optionally substituted group selected from phenyl and 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; or R2 isR3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, -CN or R;X is -O-, -S-, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, or -C (Rx) 2-, wherein each Rx is independently hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic, -OR, or -N (R) 2;W is N, C, or C (Rw) , wherein Rw is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic, -OR, or -N (R) 2, wherein when W is C, Z is C;Z is N, C, or C (Rz) , wherein Rz is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic, -OR, or -N (R) 2, wherein when Z is C, W is C or Y is -C (Ry) =;Y is -O-, -S-, –N (Ry) -, -C (Ry) 2-, or -C (Ry) =, wherein each Ry is independently hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic, -OR, or -N (R) 2, wherein when Y is -C (Ry) =, Z is C;each of Ring A and Ring B is independently an optionally substituted 5-6 membered aromatic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur;each Rs1 is independently halogen, -CN, Rs11, -ORs11, -NRs11Rs12, -C (O) Rs11, -C (O) NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2NRs11Rs12, -S (O) 2Rs11, -S (O) Rs11, -S (O) (NRs12) Rs11, -S (O) NRs11Rs12, or -OS (O) 2NRs11Rs12;each Rs2 is independently halogen, -CN, Rs21, -ORs21, -NRs21Rs22, -C (O) Rs21, -C (O) NRs21Rs22, -S (O) 2NRs21Rs22, -S (O) 2Rs21, -S (O) Rs21, -S (O) (NRs22) Rs21, -S (O) NRs21Rs22, or -OS (O) 2NRs21Rs22;each of s1 and s2 is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;each of Rs11, Rs12, Rs21 and Rs22 is independently R’;each is independently a single or double bond;each R’ is independently R, -OR, -C (O) R, -C (O) OR, -S (O) R, or -S (O) 2R; andeach R is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, C1-C6 heteroaliphatic having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, 3-10 membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, 6-10 membered aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, 6-10 membered aryl-C1-C6 aliphatic, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-6 heteroatoms-C1-C6 aliphatic wherein each heteroatom is independently selected nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; ortwo R groups on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted 3-10 membered ring having, in addition to the atom, 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; ortwo R groups on two atoms are optionally and independently taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 3-10 membered ring having, in addition to the intervening atoms, 0-4 heteroatoms.3.The compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein when X is -O-, W is not -CH-or Z is not -CH-or Y is not -C (Ry) 2-.4.The compound of claim 1 or 3, wherein x is 1 and y is 1.5.The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of formula Ia: or a salt thereof.6.The compound of any one of claims 1-5, wherein R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from 6-10 membered aryl, 5-10 (e.g., 5-6, 9-10, 5, 6, 9, 10, etc. ) membered heteroaryl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered cycloaliphatic, and 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.7.The compound of any one of claims 1-5, wherein R1 is 8.The compound of claim 7, wherein Ring A is optionally substituted phenyl.9.The compound of claim 7, wherein Ring A is optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.10.The compound of claim 7, wherein Ring A is an optionally substituted 9-10 membered bicyclic ring having 0-6 (e.g., 0, 1-6, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.11.The compound of claim 10, wherein at least one monocyclic ring unit is aromatic or heteroaromatic.12.The compound of any one of claim 7-11, wherein s1 is 1-2.13.The compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein an occurrence of Rs1 is halogen or -CN.14.The compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein an occurrence of Rs1 is -Ls1-Rs11.15.The compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein Ls1 is or comprises -C (O) -, -C (O) N (RLs1) -, -C (O) NH-, -C (S) -, -C (S) N (RLs1) -, -C (S) NH-, -C (=NRLs2) -, -C (=NH) -, -C (=NRLs2) N (RLs1) -, -C (=NH) NH-, -O-, -S-, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -S (O) 2N (RLs1) -, -S (O) 2NH-, -OS (O) 2N (RLs1) -, -OS (O) 2NH-, -S (O) (=NRLs1) -, -S (O) (=NH) -, -N (RLs1) -, -NH-, -P (O) (RLs1) -, -P (O) (RLs1) -wherein RLs1 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic, -N (RLs1) -P (O) (RLs1) -, -NH-P (O) (RLs1) -, -P (O) (RLs1) O-, -P (O) (RLs1) O-wherein RLs1 is -OR wherein R is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic, -N (RLs1) -P (O) (RLs1) O-, -NH-P (O) (RLs1) O-, -P (S) (RLs1) -, -P (S) (RLs1) -wherein RLs1 is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic, -P (S) (CH3) -, -P (S) (RLs1) O-, -P (S) (RLs1) O-wherein RLs1 is -OR wherein R is optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic, -Cy-, -C (O) -Cy-, -N (RLs1) S (O) 2Cy-, -NHS (O) 2Cy-, -S (O) 2N (RLs1) Cy-, -S (O) 2NHCy-, -C (O) N (RLs1) -O-, -C (O) NH-O-, -Cy-N (RLs1) -, -Cy-NH-, -N (RLs1) -Cy-N (RLs1) -, -NH-Cy-NH-, -Cy-N (RLs1) -Cy-or -Cy-NH-Cy-.16.The compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein an occurrence of -Cy-is an optionally substituted bivalent 3-8 (e.g., 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc. ) membered ring having 0-4 (e.g., 0, 1-4, 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.17.The compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein an occurrence of -Cy-is an optionally substituted bivalent 9-10 membered ring having 0-4 (e.g., 0, 1-4, 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.18.The compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one monocyclic ring unit of -Cy-is aromatic or heteroaromatic.19.The compound of any one of claims 1-14, Ls1 is 20.The compound of any one of any one of the preceding claims, wherein Rs12 is -H or optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic.21.The compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein Rs11 is -H or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, 6-10 membered aryl, 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered cycloaliphatic, 5-10 (e.g., 5-6, 9-10, 5, 6, 9, 10, etc. ) membered heteroaryl having 1-6 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.22.The compound of any one of claims 1-20, wherein Rs11 is optionally substituted 23.The compound of any one of claims 1-5, wherein R1 is selected from 24.The compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein R1’ is hydrogen.25.The compound of any one of claims 1-5, wherein R1 and R1’ are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered ring having 0-6 (e.g., 0, 1-6, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms in addition to the nitrogen atom.26.The compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein Q is O.27.The compound of any one of claims 1-25, wherein Q is S.28.The compound of any one of claims 1-25, wherein Q is NRQ.29.A compound, wherein the compound has the structure of formula II: or a salt thereof, wherein each variable is independently as described in claim 1.30.The compound of claim 29, wherein x is 1 and y is 1.31.The compound of claim , wherein the compound has the structure of formula II’: or a salt thereof, wherein each variable is independently as described in claim 2.32.The compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein when X is -O-, W is not -CH-or Z is not -CH-or Y is not -C (Ry) 2-.33.The compound of any one of claims 1-32, wherein R2 is optionally substituted phenyl, or R2 is optionally substituted 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered cycloaliphatic.34.The compound of any one of claims 1-32, wherein R2 is 35.The compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein Ring B is an optionally substituted 9-10 membered bicyclic ring having 0-6 (e.g., 0, 1-6, 1-4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.36.The compound of any one of claims 1-34, wherein Ring B is an optionally substituted 3-8 (e.g., 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc. ) ring having 0-4 (e.g., 0, 1-4, 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.37.The compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one monocyclic ring unit of Ring B is partially unsaturated or aromatic.38.The compound of any one of claims 1-34, wherein Ring B is optionally substituted phenyl.39.The compound of any one of claims 1-34, wherein Ring B is 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-5 (e.g., 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.40.The compound of any one of claim 34-39, wherein s2 is 1-5.41.The compound of any one of claims 1-32, wherein R2 is selected from 42.The compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein R3 is –CN.43.The compound of any one of claims 1-41, wherein R3 is optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic.44.The compound of any one of claims 1-41, wherein R3 is an optionally substituted group selected from phenyl, 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.45.The compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein R4 is –CN.46.The compound of any one of claims 1-44, wherein R4 is an optionally substituted group selected from phenyl, 3-10 (e.g., 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 4-6, 5-6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 (e.g., 1-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.47.The compound of any one of claims 1-41, wherein -CR3R4-is selected from: 48.The compound of any one of claims 1-47, wherein X is -O-.49.The compound of any one of claims 1-47, wherein X is -S-.50.The compound of any one of claims 1-47, wherein X is –S (O) 2-.51.The compound of any one of claims 1-50, wherein W is C (Rw) .52.The compound of any one of claims 1-51, wherein Rw and R3 is trans.53.The compound of any one of claims 1-52, wherein Z is N.54.The compound of any one of claims 1-52, wherein Z is C (Rz) .55.The compound of claim 54, wherein Rz and R3 is cis.56.The compound of any one of claims 1-55, wherein Y is -O-or -S-.57.The compound of any one of claims 1-55, wherein Y is -CH (Ry) -and Ry is optionally substituted C1-C6 aliphatic.58.The compound of claim 57, wherein R3 and Ry is trans.59.The compound of any one of claims 1-31, wherein is selected from 60.A compound, wherein the compound is selected Table 1 or a salt thereof.61.The compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the compound is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.62.A compound, wherein the compound is a complex of a compound of any one of claims 29-59 with a chiral amine.63.A compound, wherein the compound is 64.The compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the compound has an enantiomeric purity of about or at least about 95%, and / or a purity of about or at least about 95%.65.A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of the preceding claims and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.66.A method for treating a condition, disorder or disease, comprising administering or delivering to a subject suffering therefrom an effective amount of the compound or pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 1-65.67.A method for preventing a condition, disorder or disease, comprising administering or delivering to a subject susceptible thereto an effective amount of the compound or pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 1-65.68.The method of any one of claim 66-67, wherein the condition, disorder or disease is associated with Nav1.8 activation; and / orwherein the condition, disorder or disease is or comprises pain; and / orwherein the condition, disorder or disease is or comprises chronic pain, gut pain, neuropathic pain, musculoskeletal pain, acute pain, inflammatory pain, cancer pain, idiopathic pain, postsurgical pain, visceral pain, multiple sclerosis, Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome, incontinence, pathological cough, or cardiac arrhythmia; and / orwherein the condition, disorder or disease is or comprises neuropathic pain, musculoskeletal pain, osteoarthritis pain, acute pain, acute post-operative pain, postsurgical pain, bunionectomy pain, abdominoplasty pain, herniorrhaphy pain, or visceral pain; and / orwherein the condition, disorder or disease is or comprises post-herpetic neuralgia, small-fiber neuropathy, idiopathic small-fiber neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, or diabetic peripheral neuropathy; and / orwherein the condition, disorder or disease is or comprises migraine, neurodegeneration following ischemia, epilepsy, arthralgia, cardiac pain arising from an ischemic myocardium, acute pain, chronic pain, nociceptive pain, neuropathic pain, post-operative pain, pain due to neuralgia (e.g., post-herpetic neuralgia, traumatic neuralgia, fibromyalgia, trigeminal neuralgia) , pain due to diabetic neuropathy, dental pain, cancer pain, or inflammatory pain conditions (e.g. arthritis and osteoarthritis) ; and / orwherein the condition, disorder or disease is or comprises spontaneous pain, acute pain, preoperative pain, perioperative pain, or post-operative pain; and / orwherein the condition, disorder or disease is or comprises inflammatory pain; and / orwherein the condition, disorder or disease is or comprises neuropathic pain; and / orwherein the condition, disorder or disease is or comprises post-surgical pain; and / orwherein the condition, disorder or disease is or comprises neuropathic pain, nociceptive pain, dental pain, HIV pain, cardiac pain arising from an ischemic myocardium, pain due to migraine, arthralgia, neuropathies, neurodegeneration, retinopathy, neurotic skin disorder, stroke, urinary bladder hypersensitiveness, urinary incontinence, vulvodynia, gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, gastro-esophageal reflux disease, enteritis, ileitis , stomach-duodenal ulcer, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, celiac disease, an inflammatory disease such as pancreatitis, a respiratory disorder such as allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, irritation of skin, eye or mucous membrane, atopic dermatitis, eczema itch, fervescence, muscle spasms, emesis, dyskinesias, depression, Huntington's disease, memory deficits, restricted brain function, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) , dementia, arthritis, osteoarthritis, diabetes, obesity, urticaria, actinic keratosis, keratocanthoma, alopecia, Meniere's disease, tinnitus, hyperacusis, anxiety disorders, or benign prostate hyperplasia; and / orwherein the condition, disorder or disease is or comprises acute pain, chronic pain, spontaneous pain, idiopathic pain neuropathic pain, peripheral neuropathy, migraine, neurodegeneration following ischemia, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome, neurodegeneration following ischemia, epilepsy, trigeminal neuralgia, trigeminal autonomic headache, diabetic neuropathy, sciatica, optic neuritis, HIV-related sensory neuropathy, burning mouth syndrome, spinal stenosis, carpal tunnel syndrome, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, radicular pain, nerve avulsion injury, brachial plexus injury, antiretroviral therapy induced neuralgia, spinal cord injury, primary small fiber neuropathy, primary sensory neuropathy, inflammatory pain, rheumatoid arthritis pain cancer pain, gut pain, visceral pain, musculoskeletal pain, acute pain due to fractures, musculoskeletal damage, chronic lower back pain, phantom limb pain, chronic pelvic pain, intestinal pain, pancreatitis, renal colic, complex regional pain syndromes pain caused by burn injury, preoperative pain, perioperative pain, post-operative pain, osteoarthritis, toothache, vulvodynia, fibromyalgia, incontinence, pathological cough, cardiac arrhythmia, inherited erythromelalgia, asthma, itch, atopy, allergic or contact dermatitis, renal failure, cholestasis, or arrhythmias; and / orwherein the condition, disorder or disease is or comprises atopic dermatitis, eczema, sebhorreic eczema, itch, skin inflammation, or psoriasis; and / orwherein the condition, disorder or disease is skin inflammation; and / or69.A method of inhibiting a voltage-gated sodium channel in a subject comprising administering or delivering to the subject an effective amount of the compound or pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 1-65; optionally:wherein the voltage-gated sodium channel is or comprises Nav1.8; and / orwherein a compound or composition is administered or delivered orally; and / orwherein a compound or composition is administered or delivered intravenously; and / orwherein a compound or composition is administered or delivered subcutaneously; and / orwherein a compound or composition is administered or delivered topically; and / orwherein the compound or pharmaceutical composition is administered in combination with one or more additional therapeutic agents, each of which is independently administered or delivered concurrently with, prior to, or subsequent to administration or delivery of the compound or composition; and / orwherein the compound or pharmaceutical composition is delivered in combination with one or more additional therapeutic agents, each of which is independently administered or delivered concurrently with, prior to, or subsequent to administration or delivery of the compound or composition; ora method of inhibiting a voltage-gated sodium channel in a system comprising administering or delivering to the system an effective amount of the compound or pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 1-65; optionally:wherein the voltage-gated sodium channel is or comprises Nav1.8; and / orwherein the system is or comprises a cell; and / orwherein the system is or comprises a tissue; and / orwherein the system is or comprises an organ; and / orwherein the system is an organism; and / orwherein the system is a subject.70.A method, comprising:reacting a compound having the structure of formula III-a:or a salt thereof, with a compound having the structure ofor a salt thereof,to provide a compound having the structure of formula IV-a:or a salt thereof, wherein Rm1 is R’, and each other variable is independently as described in any one of the preceding claims; ora method, comprising:reacting a compound having the structure of formula III-b:or a salt thereof, with a compound having the structure ofor a salt thereof,to provide a compound having the structure of formula IV-b:or a salt thereof, wherein Rm1 is R’, and each other variable is independently as described in any one of the preceding claims; ora method, comprising:reacting a compound having the structure of formula III-c:or a salt thereof, with a compound having the structure ofor a salt thereof,to provide a compound having the structure of formula IV-c:or a salt thereof, wherein Rm1 is R’, and each other variable is independently as described in any one of the preceding claims; ora method, comprising:reacting a compound having the structure of formula III-k:or a salt thereof, with a compound having the structure of R3-C (O) -R4 or a salt thereof,to provide a compound having the structure of formula IV-j:or a salt thereof, wherein Rm1 is R’, and each other variable is independently as described in any one of the preceding claims; ora method, comprising:reacting a compound having the structure of formula III-d:R2-NH-C (Ry) 2-C (R3) (R4) -OH,III-dor a salt thereof, with a compound having the structure of HC (O) C (O) ORm1 or a salt thereof,to provide a compound having the structure of formula IV-d:or a salt thereof, wherein Rm1 is R’, and each other variable is independently as described in any one of the preceding claims; ora method, comprising:reacting a compound having the structure of formula III-e:or a salt thereof, with a compound having the structure ofor a salt thereof,to provide a compound having the structure of formula IV-a:or a salt thereof, wherein Rm1 is R’, LG is a leaving group (e.g., -Br, -OTs, etc. ) , and each other variable is independently as described in any one of the preceding claims; ora method, comprising:reacting a compound having the structure of formula III-f:or a salt thereof, with a compound having the structure ofor a salt thereof,to provide a compound having the structure of formula IV-a:or a salt thereof, wherein Rm1 is R’, LG is a leaving group (e.g., -Br, -OTs, etc. ) , and each other variable is independently as described in any one of the preceding claims; ora method, comprising:reacting a compound having the structure of formula III-g:or a salt thereof, with a compound having the structure of Rw-C (O) -C (O) ORm1 or a salt thereof,to provide a compound having the structure of formula IV-g:or a salt thereof, wherein Rm1 is R’, and each other variable is independently as described in any one of the preceding claims; ora method, comprising:reacting a compound having the structure of formula III-h:C (R3) (R4) =C (Ry) -C (O) -R2,III-hor a salt thereof, with a compound having the structure of Rw-CH (SH) -C (O) ORm1 or a salt thereof,to provide a compound having the structure of formula IV-h:or a salt thereof;optionally converting a compound of formula IV-h or a salt thereof into a compound of formula IV-h-2 or IV-h-3:or a salt thereof;optionally converting a compound of formula IV-h-2 or a salt thereof into a compound of formula IV-h-3 or a salt thereof; andoptionally converting a compound of formula IV-h-2 or IV-h-3 or a salt thereof into a compound of formula IV-h-4:or a salt thereof;wherein Rm1 is R’, and each other variable is independently as described in any one of the preceding claims; ora method, comprising:reacting a compound having the structure of formula III-i:O--N+ (PG) =C (Rz) (R2) ,III-ior a salt thereof, with a compound having the structure of C (R3) (R4) =C (Ry) 2 or a salt thereof,to provide a compound having the structure of formula IV-i:or a salt thereof;optionally converting a compound of formula IV-i or a salt thereof into a compound of formula IV-i-2:or a salt thereof;optionally converting a compound of formula IV-i-2 or a salt thereof into a compound of formula IV-i-3:or a salt thereof (e.g., through reacting with a compound having the structure of O=C=N-R1 or a salt thereof) ;wherein PG is R’ or a suitable protecting group (e.g., -CH2- (optionally substituted aromatic group (e.g., phenyl) ) , and each other variable is independently as described in any one of the preceding claims.71.A method for preparing a compound of any one of claims 1-61 and 64, comprising forming a compound of any one of claims 62-6472.A compound or composition of any one of the preceding claims for the treatment of a condition, disease or disorder; ora compound or composition of any one of the preceding claims for a method of any one of claims 66-69; ora compound or composition of any one of the preceding claims for manufacturing a medication for the treatment of a condition, disease or disorder; ora compound or composition of any one of the preceding claims for manufacturing a medication for a method of any one of claims 66-69.73.Use of a compound or composition of any one of the preceding claims for the treatment of a condition, disease or disorder; oruse of a compound or composition of any one of the preceding claims for a method of any one of claims 66-69; oruse a compound or composition of any one of the preceding claims for manufacturing a medication for the treatment of a condition, disease or disorder; oruse of a compound or composition of any one of the preceding claims for manufacturing a medication for a method of any one of claims 66-69.74.A compound, composition, method, or use of any one of Embodiments 1-817.