Structure building for self-construction

Abstract

The invention relates to a structure building for self-construction, in particular a passive building, with high heat insulation, in which at least some wall, ceiling and roof elements (10, 20, 30) which can be joined in an air-tight manner are substantially made from low-density thermally insulating material, wherein the individual elements (10, 20, 30) each comprise an inner structure (3) of a plurality of wall posts for self-reinforcement and preventing bending and torsional deformations. According to the invention, in transition regions (6, 7) between the wall, ceiling and roof elements (10, 20, 30) ledge profiles (40, 47) are arranged, wherein the ledge profiles (40, 47) have at least two vertical cross-members (41, 42, 46) and at least one floor sill (43) perpendicular to the cross-members (41, 42, 46), wherein the inner structures (3) of the individual elements (10, 20, 30) are inserted in the ledge profiles (40, 47) in some sections and are fixed to the floor sills (43) and cross-members (41, 42, 46).

Description

[0001] Structural buildings for self-construction

[0002] The invention relates to a structural building, in particular a passive building, with strong thermal insulation according to the preamble of claim 1 and a construction method for self-construction of such a structural building according to claim 16.

[0003] In times of sharply increased energy prices and energy policy conflicts, the need and interest in today's society for safe, energy-autonomous systems and thus also in low-energy buildings is growing.

[0004] “Passive houses”.

[0005] From a technical perspective, passive buildings are buildings which, due to the consistent avoidance of thermal losses or heat losses, have such low overall energy requirements that traditional, water-based building heating is generally no longer necessary. Technically, this is achieved through efficient thermal insulation, the avoidance of thermal bridges, and a ventilation system with heat recovery. This type of low-energy building is called "passive" because the majority of its heat requirements are met from "passive" sources, such as solar radiation and waste heat from people and technical equipment. The passive house is not a new construction method, but rather a state-of-the-art building standard that is not limited to a specific building type. Depending on requirements, this building standard can be used for single-story to multi-story buildings.

[0006] Modular or modularly constructed low-energy buildings and passive houses, which are specifically aimed at improving thermal insulation, are also already known. In general, the concepts already developed primarily involve using wall, ceiling, and roof elements made of blocks with low thermal transmittance coefficients, such as Styrofoam. These blocks often serve only to insulate the walls of a building, while the structural design requires a load-bearing or supporting structure.

[0007] Lintel construction, which in turn alone provides the required mechanical strength. The blocks have an insulating function and form walls and partitions or rooms, but do not fulfill any structural function with regard to the mechanical strength or static performance of the building.

[0008] For example, DE 21 2016 000 264 U1 and EP 2 920 377 B1 disclose passive or similar energy-saving and modularly assembled structural buildings. The individual wall, ceiling, and roof elements consist primarily of low-density, thermally insulating material.

[0009] A disadvantage of the existing structural buildings is the often very complex and laborious assembly processes, which in many cases can even require specialized tools and skilled personnel. Especially with detailed construction and positioning tasks without pre-adjustment options or additional support or support aids, faulty assembly processes can occur, which can even lead to demolitions. Often, the individual parts have to be sawn and machined to the desired dimensions on site at the construction site.

[0010] Due to their structural specifications and construction principles, existing systems often offer only limited ceiling and roof spans, as well as window or door opening widths or heights, which can result in thermal bridges between individual building elements due to structural constraints. At the same time, such low-energy buildings, suitable for self-construction, have increased airtightness requirements at the transition areas between the individual wall, ceiling, and roof elements, which are not sufficiently or only partially met by existing solutions.

[0011] The positioning of window or door openings or the associated frame elements and the joining and assembly of the individual wall, ceiling and roof elements are often subject to difficulties and incorrect positioning due to certain construction principles and the associated assembly processes, which can have negative effects on the safety and statics of the building.

[0012] Against this background, the invention is based on the technical problem of providing an improved structural building with strong thermal insulation for self-construction, which overcomes the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art.

[0013] Main features of the invention are defined in the characterizing part of claim 1. Embodiments are the subject of claims 2 to 16.

[0014] In a structural building for self-construction, in particular a passive building, with strong thermal insulation, in which at least some wall, ceiling and roof elements which can be joined together in an airtight manner are essentially made of thermally insulating material of low density, wherein the individual elements each comprise an internal structure made of several wall posts for self-reinforcement and prevention of bending and torsional deformations, it is provided according to the invention that lintel profiles are arranged in transition areas between the wall, ceiling and roof elements, wherein the lintel profiles have at least two vertical cross members and at least one floor sill arranged perpendicular to the cross members, wherein the individual elements with their internal structures are inserted sectionally into the lintel profiles and fixed with the floor sills and cross members.

[0015] The lintel profiles according to the invention in the transition areas of the wall, ceiling, and roof elements and the provision of the additional horizontal sill in the lintel profiles, which is arranged perpendicular to the at least two vertical crossbeams, significantly improve the structural performance of the building's support and lintel structure. By fixing the end sections of the individual elements or the internal structures in the lintel profiles and on the sill, which in turn can be firmly anchored to a foundation, for example, the individual components of the internal structures of the individual wall elements are automatically inserted perpendicularly into the structure and are automatically aligned perpendicular to the sill and the lower lintel profile. This automatically prevents unwanted twisting of the internal structural components or incorrect positioning of individual component parts.This significantly simplifies the assembly of the individual components of the structural building. The result is a simple modular system that can be assembled quickly and safely without any special expertise or tools.

[0016] By inserting the prefabricated individual components of the interior structures of the wall, ceiling and roof elements into the lintel profiles and by screwing the individual components to the floor sill and the cross members of the lintel profiles, the assembly is simplified and improved to such an extent that four people can assemble a structural building with a living area of ​​220 m 2in just five weeks. The individual components of the structural building simply need to be inserted and screwed together. The structural building according to the invention achieves diagonal measurement tolerances of less than 1 mm. The screw connection automatically pulls all individual components of the wall, ceiling, and roof elements into alignment.

[0017] Preferably, all individual components of the elements or interior structures, as well as corner supports positioned at corners, are screwed to the lower threshold using angled fasteners. Furthermore, all components are preferably screwed to the lower threshold at an angle of approximately 45°. This simplifies installation with the threshold, even though the components are already positioned on the threshold.

[0018] Advantageously, the lintel profiles according to the invention open up the possibility of designing one of the two cross beams with a smaller vertical extension and using the threshold as a "step element". This offers the advantage of making the cross beam facing the inside of the building shorter, in order to realize even higher window or door heights. Preferably, both cross beams can have a smaller vertical extension compared to known concepts. Advantageously, the lintel profiles according to the invention and the inventive receptacle by the lintel profiles and fastening in the threshold make it possible to achieve twice the window widths with clear widths of up to 6.50 m. Ceiling-high windows with clear heights of up to 2.90 m, with simultaneously improved static performance and load-bearing capacity of the lintels, are also feasible.The height and width dimensions refer to the maximum axis dimensions of the window or door openings. The inventive lintel profiles and arrangement of the crossbeams and threshold simultaneously improve load-bearing capacity and static performance, even though one of the at least two crossbeams, for example, the crossbeam facing an inner side, has a smaller vertical extension.

[0019] Advantageously, maximum ceiling and roof spans of 6 m can be achieved.

[0020] The vertical arrangement of the threshold and the vertical arrangement of the cross members advantageously create receiving areas in the lintel profiles according to the invention that face the wall, ceiling, and roof elements to accommodate the wall, ceiling, and roof elements. This improves the overall structural design and, above all, significantly simplifies the assembly of the structural building. Because the lintel profiles provide receiving areas for the individual sections of the elements, a type of pre-adjustment and pre-positioning can be carried out during assembly because the positions for insertion are automatically predetermined by the structure and supported by the supports of the lintel profiles. Advantageously, all prefabricated individual components of the elements are labeled in such a way that it is always clear which level and structural unit a particular individual part belongs to.This further simplifies the assembly process and improves orientation during assembly.

[0021] The internal structures of the wall, ceiling, and roof elements advantageously provide additional stiffening to the building. At the same time, they ensure an even more stable overall structure and can improve the static performance of the individual elements, particularly with regard to bending and torsional loads. At the same time, the provision of an internal structure in the individual elements can specifically optimize the thermal insulation of the building, because individual elements of the internal structure can advantageously be made of thermally insulating materials.

[0022] The lintel profiles according to the invention and the screwing of the individual internal structural components into the threshold and the lintel profiles according to the invention also improve the airtightness in the transition areas and connection points because the individual elements can be inserted with their transverse ends into the receiving areas of the lintel profiles and screwed to the threshold and the lintel profiles. The individual elements can be shaped accordingly at the inserted transverse ends so that the lintel profiles or the formed receiving areas and the individual wall, ceiling, and roof elements can interlock. This improves the surface pressure and airtightness in the transition areas. Overall, this results in significantly better overall energy efficiency, which in particular further reduces energy costs and improves the efficiency of other heat exchangers, etc.

[0023] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the vertical crossbeams of the lintel profiles can be arranged parallel to one another in the transition areas and flush with the outer and inner sides of the wall elements, whereby the inner crossbeams can have a smaller vertical extension than the outer vertical crossbeams. Due to the smaller vertical extension of the inner crossbeams, significantly higher window openings can advantageously be implemented and higher window or door frames can be installed. Because the crossbeams are flush with the inner and outer sides of the building and the individual elements can at least partially engage in the lintel profiles or receiving areas, the horizontal flat beam arranged perpendicular to the crossbeams can advantageously be used to compensate for any size difference between the crossbeams arranged parallel to one another.This advantageously creates receiving areas in the lintel profiles that include flat side surfaces and edges, preferably corresponding to the transverse ends of the wall elements and the transverse ends of the ceiling and roof elements. Overall, manufacturing and material costs are also saved, and the production of the individual elements of the lintel profiles and the wall, ceiling, and roof elements is simplified.

[0024] Preferably, the inner and / or outer crossbeams of all lintel profiles can be enlarged by adding an additional crossbeam or by raising the crossbeams in the vertical direction. A suitable height can be adjusted, preferably by adapting the frame elements of the window openings.

[0025] According to a further preferred embodiment, further transition areas with further lintel profiles are provided on a ground floor of the building between the wall elements and a foundation of the building, wherein the further lintel profiles between the wall elements and the foundation are formed by at least two vertical cross beams and by at least one horizontal sill arranged vertically below the vertical cross beams. The cross beams can preferably have the same vertical extension. The foundation is the structural and static design of the transition between the building structure and the ground. The most important function of such a foundation is to absorb loads from the structure and transfer them to the subsoil without the resulting compression of the ground leading to disadvantages for the structure or the surrounding area.In very tall and slender buildings, additional horizontal forces can occur due to wind pressure. Preferably, foundation slabs can be provided on each additional floor of the structural building. These slabs form the floors of the individual storeys of the building and partially replicate the foundation effect on the ground floor to counteract unwanted compression on the individual elements and ensure proper load distribution and transfer. In addition, insulation elements can be installed as an intermediate or upper layer. The thresholds can be arranged in addition to the foundation slabs, with the thresholds preferably being formed integrally with the foundation slab. This advantageously significantly improves the load-bearing capacity of the individual elements, corner beams, and lintel profiles, and strengthens the building foundation.The foundation span preferably corresponds to the ceiling and / or roof spans of the structural building. The ends of the sills preferably connect the crossbeams, whereby the crossbeams can more preferably be designed as a single piece and of the same material as the sills by cantilevering. This considerably simplifies production. The number of individual components to be manufactured and the manufacturing costs are advantageously significantly reduced. At the same time, a significantly higher bending load is achieved, which is advantageous from a static perspective. This also applies to cantilevers and single-piece designs in the other lintel profiles of the upper floors of the building.

[0026] Preferably, the structural building can have identical lintel profiles in additional transition areas between the wall elements and a lower intermediate ceiling segment in an attic of the building, as on the ground floor. In transition areas between the wall elements and the upper roof element, identical lintel profiles can be provided as in the transition areas of the ceiling elements. This advantageously creates a substantially identical structure between the individual floors of the structural building and the transition areas with lintel profiles. This has the advantage of resulting in a uniform support structure with improved load-bearing capacity, which can distribute loads evenly and provide an airtight seal. At the same time, production is considerably simplified.Preferably, a further outer cross member without a recess can be provided on the upwardly projecting transverse end of the outer cross members in the roof segment, forming a parapet with a parapet area. This outer cross member preferably rests with a lower transverse end on an upper transverse end of the outer cross member of the lintel profile. Except for the omission of the recess, the outer cross member used in the roof segment to form the parapet is identical to the outer cross members of the lintel profiles between the wall and roof elements. Preferably, the roof element(s) of the structural building are flatly arranged elements and thus form a flat roof.

[0027] Further preferably, the structural building can have transition areas between the wall and ceiling elements in an intermediate ceiling segment with two identical lintel profiles, wherein the outer crossbeams of the lintel profiles rest on one another with their mutually facing transverse ends and form a contact plane such that the two lintel profiles are mirrored in their cross-sectional geometry at the contact plane. This creates upward and downward-facing receiving spaces and cavities in the transition areas for receiving and supporting the wall elements, as well as laterally directed receiving areas between the floor sills of the lintel profiles for receiving and supporting the ceiling and / or roof elements of the building.The overall result is a symmetrically constructed system of coordinated lintel profiles and wall, ceiling and roof elements, which advantageously offers the possibility of a modular structure and significantly simplifies and supports the positioning of the individual elements as well as assembly and screwing.

[0028] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the outer crossbeams of the lintel profiles can have lateral recesses in the transition areas between the wall and ceiling and / or roof elements to accommodate the floor sills, wherein the floor sills are positively received in the lateral recesses of the outer crossbeams with their ends facing the outside of the building. The floor sill is thereby used as a compensation plane and advantageously supports both the lateral reception of the ceiling and roof elements by forming receiving areas, as well as the implementation of different vertical extensions of the inner and outer crossbeams. This ensures even higher and wider window openings while simultaneously improving the static performance and load-bearing capacity of the building structure.

[0029] Preferably, the thresholds can rest on the upper ends of the inner vertical cross members of the lintel profiles with their ends facing the inside of the building. This measure further improves the mechanical strength and statics, because the thickness of the thresholds can absorb additional vertical loads.

[0030] According to a further preferred embodiment, the inner crossbeams of the lintel profiles in the transition areas can be formed integrally with the thresholds. This significantly simplifies production and assembly because the crossbeams can be created, for example, using simple and cost-effective cantilevers. In this case, this represents a cost-effective, simple, and sufficiently precise method. Furthermore, the inner and outer crossbeams of the lintel profiles in the ground floors can also preferably be formed integrally with the thresholds.

[0031] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the vertical extension of the outer crossbeams of the lintel profiles in the transition areas between the wall elements and the ceiling and / or roof elements can be approximately twice as large, in particular approximately three times as large, as the vertical extension of the inner, shorter crossbeams. This ensures a simultaneous improvement in the static performance and load-bearing capacity of the lintel profiles despite the reduction in size of the inner crossbeam. This preferably allows inner crossbeams with a vertical extension of 100 mm to 200 mm, preferably with a vertical extension of 125 mm to 175 mm, more preferably with a vertical extension of 150 mm, to be implemented. This advantageously makes it possible to create ceiling-high windows or door openings with a clear height of up to 2.90 m.At the same load, the lintel profile construction according to the invention demonstrably achieves at least twice as good static strength and load-bearing capacity values ​​as known structural buildings of the same type. In particular, despite a considerable reduction in the size of the inner cross member, larger section moduli and bending loads can advantageously be absorbed by the lintel profiles according to the invention without the building structure suffering static failure.

[0032] Preferably, a wall segment can be formed which, for example, has a window or door opening between two wall elements and corner supports, which is delimited by two frame elements arranged parallel to the wall elements and upper and lower lintel profiles, wherein the upper lintel profile comprises a Venetian blind device in the area of ​​the window or door opening. It is further preferred that the lower and upper lintel profiles as well as the inserted wall elements form a pre-positioning aid for the arrangement of frame elements for window or door openings. This further simplifies the entire construction of the building structure and assembly, and it is always ensured that the frame elements of window or door openings are not incorrectly positioned. For this purpose, the frame elements can simply be arranged perpendicularly and flush with the cross members of the lower lintel profiles.The lintel profiles on the threshold and the corner supports provide ideal spacers for the correct positioning of the frame elements for the window opening. Furthermore, the frame elements can preferably be shaped at their transverse ends to the upper lintel profiles and the other lower lintel profiles, or to their receiving areas and cavities. This also advantageously ensures that the window or door openings are always at the correct distance from the respective corner supports.

[0033] In this context, Venetian blind boxes with insulating blocks can preferably be provided between the crossbeams of the upper lintel profiles to accommodate and pre-position the venetian blind device. The insulating blocks can preferably be L-shaped and rest with one leg on the inner crossbeam and with the leg perpendicular to it on the upper sill. This allows the insulating block to be stored completely airtight between the crossbeams. By installing this special insulating block between the crossbeams of the lintel profiles, it is advantageously achieved that a Venetian blind box and a Venetian blind shaft positioned therein can be securely arranged on the outer crossbeam in the wall. To accommodate the insulating blocks and Venetian blind boxes, a downward-facing cavity is preferably formed by the crossbeams.The Venetian blind shaft of the Venetian blind device can preferably comprise slats that can be moved along the Venetian blind shaft in an extension and retraction direction. In addition, a frame for the window or door opening is preferably arranged, which can be fixed to the insulating block of the Venetian blind box via a pre-installed fixing rail. The Venetian blind device can preferably have a fixing rail that is arranged above the Venetian blind shaft on a side facing the upper flat support and that rotatably supports or fixes the Venetian blind box and the Venetian blind shaft to the upper flat supports by means of fixing elements through the insulating blocks. Furthermore, the Venetian blind boxes and insulating blocks are preferably adapted to the thermal conductivity values ​​of the immediately adjacent building structure, cross members, and floor sills.This always ensures that no thermal bridges arise between the Venetian blind box and the immediately adjacent building structure. Preferably, the Venetian blind box and the insulation block are fixed simultaneously to the inner cross member using a mounting rail. This allows the structure to absorb the additional bending loads exerted by the Venetian blind system without sagging or failing. Installation using the pre-installed and pre-positioned mounting rails is particularly simple. The precise fit and protected arrangement eliminates the risk of faulty workmanship during installation and commissioning of the Venetian blind system. The frame elements of the window or door opening can preferably be connected to the Venetian blind box at one top side. This means that the frame elements do not bear any vertical loads from above.The upward fixing of the venetian blind box through the insulation block also advantageously prevents cold bridges.

[0034] According to a further preferred design variant, the crossbeams and floor sills of the lintel profiles can form receiving areas and cavities in the transition areas between the wall elements and the ceiling and / or roof elements, and between the wall elements and the foundation, for the horizontal or vertical insertion and joining of transverse ends of the wall, ceiling, and roof elements. This essentially eliminates the need for specialist personnel or the like for the assembly and erection of the structural building. Assembly is greatly simplified because the receiving areas and cavities of the lintel profiles advantageously provide a pre-positioning aid and a receiving option for the individual elements to be joined together.

[0035] Preferably, all crossbeams and thresholds or flat beams can have the same thickness. Further preferably, all crossbeams and thresholds or flat beams of the lintel profiles can have a thickness of 35 mm to 55 mm, in particular a thickness of 45 mm.

[0036] Further preferably, the wall elements can have transverse ends that are shaped to fit the receiving areas and cavities of the lintel profiles, wherein the transverse ends of the wall elements are inserted into the receiving areas and cavities of the lintel profiles in a form-fitting manner when the individual elements are joined together. This further improves the airtightness in the transition areas of the entire building structure. In addition, it increases the surface pressure in the area of ​​the form-fitting engagement at the transverse ends of the wall elements. The shape adaptation can preferably be created by lateral recesses (e.g., notches, projections) on the wall elements and the interior structures, wherein the lateral recesses have identical shapes to the cross members of the lintel profiles. This further simplifies production and reduces further processing costs due to the elimination of additional forming steps.The transverse ends of the roof and ceiling elements, on the other hand, are preferably not shaped, but have flat and uniform side surfaces and edges that correspond to the formed shapes of the lateral receiving areas of the lintel profiles.

[0037] According to a further preferred embodiment, the invention provides that the internal structures of the individual wall, ceiling, and roof elements are formed by spaced-apart plywood panels and interposed blocks of thermally insulating low-density material, wherein the plywood panels are thermally insulating wooden panels. Advantageously, the internal structure thus has a positive effect on both the thermal properties and the static performance values, while also further stiffening the building structure of the low-energy building. At the same time, the plywood panels can be easily screwed together horizontally, creating a press-in effect for the blocks.

[0038] Preferably, all wall, ceiling, and roof elements, as well as their interior structures and individual plywood panels of the individual elements, can comprise an identical wood-based material. The wood-based material can preferably comprise plywood, laminated veneer lumber, or a wood-plastic composite material. Further preferably, the plywood panels of the individual wall, ceiling, and roof elements and an outer cladding of the individual elements can comprise an identical, homogeneous wood-based material, wherein the homogeneous material is, in particular, a recyclable material.

[0039] The recycling option makes the already almost energy-self-sufficient structural building even more environmentally friendly.

[0040] It is further preferred that the blocks made of thermally insulating material, low-density EPS blocks, wherein the EPS blocks comprise expanded polystyrene. These advantageously have excellent thermal insulation properties and are relatively easy to process, so that the transverse ends of the EPS blocks can also be adapted to the shape of the lintel profiles. Further preferably, the EPS blocks of the internal structures can comprise graphite-containing expanded polystyrene. The EPS blocks are preferably many times stronger than the intervening plywood panels of the internal structures. This ensures that the EPS blocks do not start to burn in emergency situations (e.g. fire situations). The graphite content advantageously ensures that the EPS blocks melt in a targeted manner and prevent the fire from spreading. The EPS blocks are ideal for pressing in when horizontally fixing orScrewing the plywood panels together creates an advantageous airtight pressing effect.

[0041] According to a preferred embodiment, the plywood panels and the EPS blocks of the wall elements can be adapted to the shape of the lintel profiles and their cavities at transverse ends by means of recesses identical to those of the cross beams.

[0042] Preferably, the EPS blocks inserted into the cavities and receiving areas of the lintel profiles can be additionally fixed by adhesive at their contact surfaces to the supports of the lintel profiles.

[0043] According to a further alternative embodiment, the individual wall, ceiling and roof elements as well as their internal structures can comprise one of the following thermally insulating materials: expanded foam, foamed polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, polyurethane foam and / or phenolic foam.

[0044] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the internal structures of the individual wall, ceiling, and roof elements can be clamped horizontally during assembly using fixing means, such that the internal structures are aligned vertically by clamping and stiffen the individual elements from the inside. This makes the overall building structure, and especially the transition areas between joinable elements, even more airtight, and the surface pressure is significantly increased. During pressing, the blocks are only flush with the outer casing of the elements and therefore have no horizontal seam from the outside to the inside.

[0045] Preferably, the fixing means can be passed through the plywood panels and blocks of the interior structures and, upon fixing, press the blocks and the intervening plywood panels airtight into the wall, ceiling, and roof elements, wherein the fixing means are each passed horizontally through two plywood panels and through an intervening block. Preferably, the plywood panels immediately following a corner support are screwed to the corner supports and an intervening block. Opposite, the plywood panels immediately following the window opening are screwed to the frame elements and an intervening block. The plywood panels are screwed together horizontally in such a way that they press the blocks together to a certain extent, so that they are pressed completely airtight into the respective elements.

[0046] Further preferably, the structural building and its individual elements can be modularly designed and can be constructed by joining the individual elements together, whereby the structural building is virtually energy self-sufficient when assembled. This advantageously improves the overall energy efficiency of the structural building, allowing it to be supplied largely by passive energy sources.

[0047] In a further aspect, the invention relates to a construction or assembly method for the self-construction of a structural building with strong thermal insulation, in which at least some wall, ceiling and roof elements are formed essentially from thermally insulating material of low density, wherein the method for erecting individual wall segments with window or door openings can comprise the following steps: anchoring the floor sill to a foundation of the building and fixing two corner supports to the floor sill; positioning the lower lintel profiles on the floor sill by laterally placing the lintel profiles against the corner supports; inserting the transverse ends of the plywood panels and EPS blocks of the individual elements into predefined receiving areas and cavities of the lintel profiles;Screwing the plywood panels and EPS blocks horizontally using fasteners that extend through the plywood panels and EPS blocks, and screwing the transverse ends of the inserted plywood panels to the lintel profiles; positioning and inserting the frame elements by placing the frame elements laterally against the EPS blocks adjacent to the window or door opening; placing the upper lintel profiles on the corner supports and on the upper transverse ends of the elements mounted in the lower lintel profiles.

[0048] Further features, details, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the wording of the claims and from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. It shows:

[0049] Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a wall segment of the low-energy building according to the invention with upper and lower lintel profiles, two wall elements and a central window or door opening;

[0050] Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a suspended ceiling segment of the low-energy building according to the invention and the lintel profiles; Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a roof segment of the low-energy building according to the invention and the lintel profiles;

[0051] Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the lintel profile of a roof segment (attic) according to the invention;

[0052] Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a Venetian blind device between two cross members of the lintel profile according to the invention in the area of ​​a window opening.

[0053] The wall, intermediate ceiling and roof segments generally designated 100, 101 and 102 in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show sections of a structural building for self-construction, in particular a passive building, with strong thermal insulation, in which at least some wall, ceiling and roof elements 10, 20, 30 which can be joined together in an airtight manner are essentially made of thermally insulating material of low density, wherein the individual elements 10, 20, 30 each comprise an internal structure 3 made of several upright wall posts for self-stiffening and prevention of bending and torsional deformations.

[0054] As can be seen in Fig. 1, the interior structures 3 of the individual wall, ceiling, and roof elements 10, 20, 30 (ceiling and roof elements not shown in Fig. 1) are formed by spaced-apart plywood panels 4 and interposed EPS blocks 5 made of thermally insulating, low-density material (expanded polystyrene). The plywood panels 4 are thermally insulating wood panels made of a homogeneous, recyclable wood material. Each EPS block 5 of the two wall elements 10 shown is bounded by two plywood panels 4. The EPS blocks 5 are many times stronger than the interposed plywood panels 4 of the interior structures 3.

[0055] During assembly and joining, the internal structures 3 of the individual wall, ceiling, and roof elements 10, 20, 30 are clamped by fixing means (not shown) in such a way that the internal structures 3 are stiffened by the clamping from the inside and are pressed against outer shells (not shown) of the individual elements 10, 20, 30. Only during or after pressing in do the EPS blocks 5 fit flush with the outer shells of the individual elements 10, 20, 30. The fixing means are passed through two plywood panels 4 and an EPS block 5 in between of the internal structures 3 and press the EPS blocks 5 and the plywood panels 4 in between into the wall, ceiling, and roof elements 10, 20, 30 in an airtight manner during screwing and fixing.

[0056] By examining Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, it becomes clear that transition areas 6 with lintel profiles 40 are provided between the wall, ceiling, and roof elements 10, 20, and 30 on each floor of the building. The lintel profiles 40 are formed by two vertical crossbeams 42, 46 and a horizontal threshold 43 arranged perpendicular to the crossbeams 42, 46.

[0057] On the ground floor of the building below the ceiling element 20 in the intermediate ceiling segment 101 (see Fig. 2), further transition areas 7 with further lintel profiles 47 are provided between the wall elements 10 and a foundation of the building arranged below (not shown), wherein the further lintel profiles 47 between the wall elements 10 and the foundation are formed by at least two vertical cross beams 41, 42 and by at least one horizontal floor sill 43 arranged vertically below the vertical cross beams 41, 42.

[0058] The foundation span corresponds to the ceiling and / or roof spans of the low-energy building. The ends of the floor sills 43 connect the cross beams 41, 42, with the cross beams 41, 42 being formed as a single piece and made of the same material as the floor sills 43 by cantilevering.

[0059] The vertical cross members 41, 42, 46 of the lintel profiles 40, 47 in the transition areas 6, 7 are arranged parallel to each other and are flush with the outer and inner sides of the wall elements 10. The inner cross members 42 have a smaller vertical extension than the outer vertical cross members 46, whereas the vertical cross members 41, 42 of the other lintel profiles 47 have the same vertical extension and are identically designed.

[0060] The horizontal floor sills 43 function as flat beams, and their thicknesses are shown schematically in reduced form. The thicknesses of the horizontal flat beams or floor sills are normally selected to be identical to the thicknesses of the vertically aligned cross beams. In the attic (Fig. 3) of the structural building below the roof element 30 between the wall elements 10 and a lower ceiling element 20 or a foundation, identical additional lintel profiles 47 are provided in further transition areas 7, as on the ground floor of the building. In transition areas 6 between the wall elements 10 and the roof element 30, identical lintel profiles 40 are provided, as in the transition areas 6 of the ceiling elements 20 of the intermediate ceiling segments 101. On the upwardly directed transverse end of the outer cross beams 46 in the roof segment 102, another outer cross beam 44 without a recess is provided, which forms a parapet with an parapet area 31.This outer cross member 44 preferably rests with a lower transverse end on an upper transverse end of the outer cross member 46 of the lintel profile 40. The roof element 30 is arranged perpendicular to the cross members 44, 46 and forms a flat roof. Apart from the lateral recesses, the cross members 44 and 46 are identically designed.

[0061] The outer cross members 46 of the lintel profiles 40 in the transition areas 6 between the wall and ceiling and / or roof elements 10, 20, 30 have lateral recesses for receiving the floor sills 43, wherein the floor sills 43, with their ends 43' facing the outside of the building, are positively received in the lateral recesses of the outer cross members 46. The floor sills 43 rest, with their ends facing the inside of the building, on the upper ends of the inner vertical cross members 42 of the lintel profiles 47.

[0062] In the intermediate ceiling segment 101 (Fig. 2), transition areas 6 between the wall and ceiling elements 10, 20 of two floors of the building are provided with two identical lintel profiles 40. The outer cross members 46 of the lintel profiles 40 rest on each other with their transverse ends facing each other, thereby forming a contact plane such that the two lintel profiles 40 are mirrored in cross-sectional geometry at the common contact plane.

[0063] The lintel profiles 40 in the transition areas 6, due to their mirrored arrangement, form upwardly and downwardly directed receiving spaces and cavities for receiving and supporting the wall elements 10, and laterally directed receiving spaces between the floor sills 43 for receiving and supporting the ceiling and / or roof elements 20, 30 of the building. The wall elements 10 have transverse ends 11, which are shaped to fit the formed receiving spaces and cavities of the lintel profiles 40, 47 by lateral recesses, wherein the transverse ends 11 of the wall elements 10 and the ceiling and roof elements 20, 30 are inserted into the receiving spaces and cavities of the lintel profiles 40, 47 in a form-fitting manner. The shapes of the recesses correspond to the shapes of the cross members 41.

[0064] 42. The transverse ends of the roof and ceiling elements 20, 30, however, are preferably not shaped, but have flat and uniform side surfaces and edges which correspond to the formed shapes of the lateral receiving areas of the floor sleepers 43.

[0065] Fig. 4 shows the cross-sectional details of a lintel profile 40 in the roof segment 102 with upper cross member 44. The lintel profile 40 has three sections A1, A2, A3, whereby section A3 forms the parapet or the parapet area 31 above the roof element and sections A2 and A3 form the bases for receiving the transverse ends of the individual elements 10, 20, 30. As can be seen, all cross and flat beams or floor sills 42,

[0066] 43, 44, 46 have the same thickness. The floor sill 43 is inserted with one end 43' into the recess provided in the cross member 46. The vertical extension of the outer cross members 46 of the lintel profiles 40 is approximately three times as large as the vertical extension of the inner, shorter cross members 42. In the second section A2, the cross members 42, 46 form a cavity 45 for receiving the transverse ends of the wall elements 10.

[0067] Fig. 1 illustrates an entire side view or a wall segment 100 with a window profile, which has a window or door opening 1 between two wall elements 10 (for example on the ground floor) and two corner supports 50, which is delimited by two frame elements 2 arranged parallel to the wall elements and upper and lower lintel profiles 40, 47, wherein the upper lintel profile 40 comprises a Venetian blind device 60 in the area of ​​the window or door opening 1. The lower and upper lintel profiles 40, 47 and the wall elements 10 inserted therein provide a pre-positioning aid for the arrangement of the frame elements 2. At the same time, they function as ideal spacers during the installation of the wall elements 10 and windows. Corner supports 50 are provided at the corners of the individual rooms, which, thanks to the positioning aid, always have the correct distance from the window or door opening 1.

[0068] Fig. 5 illustrates the installation of the Venetian blind device 60 in the area of ​​the window or door opening 1 and the cross members 42, 46 of the lintel profiles 40. Venetian blind boxes 62 with insulating blocks 63 are provided to accommodate and pre-position the Venetian blind device 60 between the cross members 42, 46 of the upper lintel profiles 40. The insulating blocks 63 are L-shaped and rest with one leg on the inner cross member 42 and with the leg perpendicular to it on the upper sill 43. By installing this special insulating block 63 between the cross members 42, 46 of the lintel profiles 40, the Venetian blind box 62 and a Venetian blind shaft 66 positioned therein are securely protected against the outer cross member 46 in the wall structure.

[0069] To accommodate or secure the insulation blocks 63 and Venetian blind boxes 62, a downward-facing cavity 45 is formed by the cross members 42, 46. The Venetian blind shaft 66 of the Venetian blind device 60 comprises slats 61, which can be moved up and down via the Venetian blind shaft 66 along an extension and insertion direction L. Arranged next to it is a frame 67 of the window or door, which can be fixed to the insulation block 63 of the Venetian blind box 62 via a pre-installed fastening rail 64.

[0070] The Venetian blind device 60 also has an upper fastening rail 64, which is arranged above the Venetian blind shaft 66 on a side facing the upper threshold 43 and fixes the Venetian blind box 62 and the Venetian blind shaft 66 to the upper threshold 43 by means of fixing elements 65 through the insulating blocks 63. The Venetian blind box 62 and the insulating block 63 are fixed simultaneously with the inner cross member 42 via a further fastening rail 64.

[0071] The invention is not limited to one of the previously described embodiments, but can be modified in a variety of ways. The low-energy self-construction building according to the invention can be used for single-story or multi-story buildings.

[0072] All features and advantages arising from the claims, the description, and the drawings, including structural details, spatial arrangements, and method steps, may be essential to the invention both individually and in a wide variety of combinations. List of reference symbols

[0073] A1 First section lintel profile

[0074] A2 Second section lintel profile

[0075] A3 Third section lintel profile (attic roof)

[0076] V Vertical (in the lintel cross-section)

[0077] H Horizontal (in the lintel cross-section)

[0078] L Feed and feed direction (slats)

[0079] 1 window or door opening

[0080] 2 frame elements (window / door opening)

[0081] 3 Internal structure

[0082] 4 plywood panels

[0083] 5 EPS blocks

[0084] 6 transition areas (wall-ceiling-roof element)

[0085] 7 further transition areas (wall foundation)

[0086] 10 wall elements

[0087] 11 Cross ends (plywood panel wall element)

[0088] 20 ceiling elements

[0089] 30 roof elements

[0090] 31 Attic area

[0091] 40 lintel profiles

[0092] 41 Cross member outside (vertical short)

[0093] 42 cross members inside (vertical short)

[0094] 43 Threshold (horizontal flat beam)

[0095] 43' End (intervention of speed threshold cross member)

[0096] 44 Cross member outside (vertical without recess)

[0097] 45 Cavity (cross member support area)

[0098] 46 Cross member outside (vertical with recess)

[0099] 47 Other lintel profiles

[0100] 50 corner supports

[0101] 60 Venetian blinds

[0102] 61 slats

[0103] 62 Venetian blind box

[0104] 63 Insulation block (receiving venetian blind box)

[0105] 64 Mounting rails Fixing element Venetian blind shaft Frame (window / door) Wall segment (total with window / door opening) Intermediate ceiling segment Roof segment

Claims

Patent claims 1. Structural building for self-construction, in particular passive building, with strong thermal insulation, in which at least some airtight joinable wall, ceiling and roof elements (10, 20, 30) are formed essentially from thermally insulating material of low density, wherein the individual elements (10, 20, 30) each comprise an internal structure (3) made of several wall posts for self-reinforcement and prevention of bending and torsional deformations, characterized in that lintel profiles (40, 47) are arranged in transition regions (6, 7) between the wall, ceiling and roof elements (10, 20, 30), wherein the lintel profiles (40, 47) have at least two vertical cross members (41, 42, 46) and at least one floor sill (43) arranged perpendicular to the cross members (41, 42, 46), wherein the individual elements (10, 20, 30) are provided with their internal structures (3) are inserted section by section into the lintel profiles (40, 47) and fixed with the floor sills (43) and cross beams (41, 42, 46).

2. Structural building according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical cross members (42, 46) of the lintel profiles (40) are arranged parallel to one another in the transition areas (6) and are flush with the outer and inner sides of the wall elements (10), the inner cross members (42) having a smaller vertical extension (V) than the outer cross members (46).

3. Structural building according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in a ground floor of the building between the wall elements (10) and a foundation, further transition areas (7) with further lintel profiles (47) are provided, wherein the further lintel profiles (47) between the wall elements (10) and the foundation are formed by at least two vertical cross beams (41, 42) and by at least one horizontal floor sill (43) arranged vertically below the vertical cross beams (41, 42).

4. Structural building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer cross members (46) of the lintel profiles (40) in the transition areas (6) have lateral recesses for receiving the floor sills (43), wherein the floor sills (43) with their The ends (43') facing the outside of the building are positively received in the lateral recesses of the outer cross members (46).

5. Structural building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the floor sills (43) rest with their ends facing the inside of the building on upper ends of the inner vertical cross members (42) of the lintel profiles (40).

6. Structural building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner cross members (42) of the lintel profiles (40) in the transition areas (6) are formed integrally with the floor sills (43).

7. Structural building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vertical extension (V) of the outer cross members (46) of the lintel profiles (40) in the transition areas (6) between the wall elements (10) and the ceiling and / or roof elements (20, 30) is approximately twice as large as the vertical extension (V) of the inner cross members (42).

8. Structural building according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that a wall segment (100) can be formed which has a window or door opening (1) between two wall elements (10) and two corner supports (50), which is delimited by two frame elements (2) arranged parallel to the wall elements (10) and upper and lower lintel profiles (40, 47), wherein the upper lintel profile (40) comprises a Venetian blind device (60) in the region of the window or door opening (1).

9. Structural building according to one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that the cross beams and floor sills (41, 42, 46, 43) of the lintel profiles (40, 47) in the transition areas (6, 7) between the wall elements (10) and the ceiling and / or roof elements (20, 30) and between the wall elements (10) and the foundation form receiving areas and cavities (45) for the horizontal or vertical insertion and joining of transverse ends of the wall, ceiling and roof elements (10, 20, 30).

10. Structural building according to claim 9, characterized in that the wall elements (10) have transverse ends (11) which are connected to the receiving areas and Cavities (45) of the lintel profiles (40, 47) are adapted to their shape, wherein the transverse ends (11) of the wall elements (10) are inserted in a form-fitting manner into the receiving areas and cavities (45) of the lintel profiles (40, 47) when the individual elements (10, 20, 30) are joined together.

11. Structural building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the internal structures (3) of the individual wall, ceiling and roof elements (10, 20, 30) are formed by mutually spaced plywood panels (4) and intermediate blocks of thermally insulating low-density material, wherein the individual plywood panels (4) of the internal structures (3) are thermally insulating wooden panels.

12. Structural building according to claim 11, characterized in that the blocks of low-density thermally insulating material are EPS blocks (5) and comprise expanded polystyrene, wherein the EPS blocks (5) of the internal structures (3) comprise in particular graphite-containing expanded polystyrene.

13. Structural building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the internal structures (3) of the individual wall, ceiling and roof elements (10, 20, 30) are clamped in the horizontal direction during assembly by means of fixing means, such that the internal structures (3) are aligned vertically by the horizontal clamping and stiffen the individual elements (10, 20, 30) from the inside.

14. Structural building according to claim 11 and 13, characterized in that fixing means are passed through the laminated wood panels (4) and blocks of the internal structures (3) and, during fixing, press the blocks and the laminated wood panels (4) located therebetween in an airtight manner into the wall, ceiling and roof elements (10, 20, 30), the fixing means being passed horizontally through two laminated wood panels (4) and through an intermediate block.

15. Structural building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual laminated wood panels (4) of the wall, ceiling and roof elements (10, 20, 30) and an outer covering of the individual elements comprise a homogeneous material, wherein the homogeneous material is in particular a recyclable material.

16. A method for self-constructing a structural building with strong thermal insulation according to one of the preceding claims, in which at least some wall, ceiling, and roof elements (10, 20, 30) are formed essentially from thermally insulating low-density material, the method for erecting individual wall segments (100) with window or door openings (1) comprising the following steps: anchoring the floor sill (43) to a foundation of the building and fixing two corner supports (50) to the floor sill (43); positioning the lower lintel profiles (47) on the floor sill (43) by laterally applying the lintel profiles (47) to the corner supports (50); inserting the transverse ends of the plywood panels (4) and EPS blocks (5) of the individual elements into predefined receiving areas and cavities of the lintel profiles (47);Screwing the plywood panels (4) and EPS blocks (5) horizontally using fixing means that extend through the plywood panels (4) and EPS blocks (5), and screwing the transverse ends of the inserted plywood panels (4) to the lintel profiles (47); positioning and inserting the frame elements (2) by laterally placing the frame elements (2) against the EPS blocks (5) adjacent to the window or door opening (1); placing the upper lintel profiles (40) on the corner supports (50) and on the upper transverse ends of the elements mounted in the lower lintel profiles (47);

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