Internal combustion engine piston-type and method of operation without a crank mechanism

Abstract

The invention relate to internal combustion engine piston-type and the method of operation without a crank mechanism can find application in a wide range of motor vehicles and stationary engines. These engines according to the invention will provide higher economic efficiency in their operation and a longer service life. The efficiency of the engines according to the invention is achieved through the application of a basic kinematic scheme for the transformation of the rectilinear reciprocating movement of the pistons into a rotary movement of the engine drive shaft (9), where the full operating stroke of the pistons (21), which perform the strokes of the operating cycle, is performed by rotating the engine drive shaft (9) at 90°, and not at 180°, as it is in the conventional engine, where the start of each stroke begins at an angular arrangement of the groups of driving teeth (10, 11, 12 and 13), with one group for each piston (21) and angularly located to each other at about 90°, at about 45° to the direction of movement of the pistons (21). The groups of driving teeth are angularly dephased between each other, starting with the driving tooth for the "expansion" stroke at different angular values, which allows the simultaneous execution of two, three, and more "expansion" strokes, where the beginning of each stroke of the pistons begins not with a zero torque value, but with a value equal to the maximum torque of an engine with crank mechanism, and the values of the engine torque and power according to the invention, at the same revolutions, are respectively about three, six, nine times greater than those of the engine with a crank mechanism.

Description

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE PISTON-TYPE ANDMETHOD OF OPERATION WITHOUT A CRANK MECHANISMField of invention

[0001] The invention refers to an internal combustion engine piston-type and a method of operation without a crank mechanism, which can find wide application in the production of engines for the automotive and transport industries, in stationary engines, etc.Background of the invention

[0002] The presently known internal combustion engines piston-type four-stroke and two-stroke, use hydrogen fuel, natural gas, compressed air, used vegetable oil, gasoline, diesel, etc. fuels, with various arrangements of their operating cylinders in the engine block, and in all known varieties the basic kinematic scheme of action, by which the rectilinear reciprocating movement of the pistons is transformed into a rotary movement of the crankshaft, is the same and is implemented through a crank mechanism.

[0003] The main shortcoming of these engines is their basic kinematic scheme of action, which results in a number of disadvantages, and the final result is a huge loss of energy in the process of fuel burning, which can be up to 70%.

[0004] One of the main disadvantages comes from the fact that the beginning of the "expansion" stroke and the other working strokes, start with the zero value of the torque, as well as the sinusoidal characteristic of its development.

[0005] Another disadvantage is that the basic kinematic scheme leads to unambiguity of the structural implementation without the capacity for mobility and variability.

[0006] The general result of these shortcomings of the existing engines is low economic efficiency and great energy and financial losses in their operation.Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the invention is to develop an advanced design of an internal combustion engine piston-type, four-stroke, and two-stroke, and a method of operation without a crank mechanism. It will use a mechanism defined by a basic kinematic scheme to reduce fuel consumption and losses from frictional forces to attain wide applicability, enhanced economic efficiency, and increased service life.

[0008] Furthermore, the subject of the invention is a method of operation of an internal combustion engine piston-type without a crank mechanism, which, through its basic kinematic scheme and theconditions and combination of values of its parameters, will ensure mobility and variability, and will improve the engine operation according to the invention.

[0009] The purpose of the invention is achieved with an internal combustion engine piston-type and a method of operation without a crank mechanism, which includes in its main part an internal combustion engine piston-type with all its components, units, aggregates, and functional systems, but without the crankshaft and its connecting rods, and it is characterized by the fact, that the transformation of the rectilinear reciprocating movement of the pistons into rotary movement of the drive shaft of the engine is implemented by means of piston slides, one for each piston.

[0010] They are a group of two staged racks connected in their upper part with bolts and pins through an upper spring plate with an upper cap. It, in turn, is connected with a piston bolt to a piston, and in its lower part the group of two racks is connected with bolts and pins through a lower spring plate with a lower cap, thus the inner planes of the so-formed rectangular openings of the piston slides encompass and contact, each one with a supporting and guiding cylindrical journal of the drive shaft, which is a cylindrical body with specified areas of bearing journals and of supporting and guiding journals.

[0011] There are driving teeth next to each of the last journals, which are located bilaterally, two teeth per side for a four-stroke engine, and each tooth is for a separate stroke of the working cycle and lies in its own plane. The teeth are angularly dephased between each other at about 90° and their radius of rotation is about 1.5 times greater than that of the crankshaft journals. The driving teeth are differentiated into groups, one for each piston, and the individual groups are angularly dephased between each other at different angular values, where each group starts with the driving tooth for the "expansion" stroke, and for a two-stroke engine one driving tooth performs two strokes of the fuel cycle at 90° rotation of the drive shaft. For its rotation at 360° on each side of the supporting and guiding journals there are two identical driving teeth lying in one plane, which have the same functions and are located at 180° from each other in a mirror projection, where the pairs of driving teeth in their planes are angularly dephased between each other at 90°, and for two-stroke and four-stroke engines the contact teeth make contact, drive and are driven by the piston slides through the contact stages of their racks.

[0012] The method of operation of internal combustion engine piston-type without a crank mechanism is implemented through a basic kinematic scheme for the transformation of the rectilinear reciprocating movement of the pistons into a rotary movement of the engine drive shaft, then the complete operating stroke of the pistons performing the strokes of the fuel cycle is realized by rotating the engine drive shaft at 90°, whereby the beginning of each stroke starts with an angular arrangement of its driving teeth at about 45° to the direction of the movement of the piston, and the beginning of each stroke of the pistons starts not with a zero torque value, but with a value equalto the maximum torque of an engine with crank mechanism.

[0013] According to an example of the invention application for a four-stroke four-cylinder engine, the groups of driving teeth on the drive shaft are angularly dephased between each other other at 180° starting with the driving tooth for "expansion" stroke for each group.

[0014] The angular dephasing of the groups of driving teeth of the drive shaft for both four-stroke and two-stroke engines begins with the driving tooth for the "expansion" stroke of the group of driving teeth of the first engine cylinder, where the dephasing is in the sequence of the action of the engine cylinders.

[0015] The angular dephasing of the groups of driving teeth of the drive shaft of the engine provides the possibility for increasing the values of the torque and its power.

[0016] According to another example of the invention application for a four-stroke four-cylinder engine, the groups of driving teeth of the drive shaft are angularly dephased between each other at 90° starting with the driving tooth for "expansion" stroke of the first cylinder of the engine for each group.

[0017] In a preferred example of the invention application for a four-stroke eight-cylinder engine, the groups of driving teeth of the drive shaft are angularly dephased between each other at 45°, starting with a driving tooth for "expansion" stroke for each group, and for each 90°rotation of the drive shaft, two "expansion" strokes are performed simultaneously with overlapping in two cylinders in the sequence of the entire engine operation.

[0018] According to another preferred example of the invention application for a four-stroke twelve- cylinder engine, the groups of driving teeth of the drive shaft are angularly dephased between each other at 30°, starting with a driving tooth for an "expansion" stroke for each group, whereby for each rotation of the drive shaft by 90° three "expansion" strokes in three cylinders are performed simultaneously with overlapping in the sequence of the entire engine operation.

[0019] Another example of the invention application refers to a two-stroke four-cylinder engine, where the groups of driving teeth of its drive shaft are angularly dephased between each other at 45° starting with the driving tooth for an "expansion" stroke, and two "expansion" strokes are performed simultaneously with overlapping in two cylinders in the sequence of the entire engine operation.

[0020] Another possible invention implementation is in a two-stroke six-cylinder internal combustion engine, where the groups of driving teeth of its drive shaft are angularly dephased between each other at 30°, starting with the driving tooth for an "expansion" stroke, and three "expansion" strokes are executed simultaneously with overlapping in three cylinders in thesequence of the entire engine operation.

[0021] The implementation of the internal combustion engine according to the invention provides elimination of the disadvantages of engines with crank mechanism, mainly through reduction of energy losses during their operation. Losses from frictional forces are also reduced, the dynamic characteristics are improved and the service life is increased, in the conditions of significantly improved economic indicators.

[0022] These advantages result from the application of the basic kinematic scheme for the engine operation to transform the rectilinear reciprocating motion of the pistons into a rotary motion of its drive shaft, whereby the full stroke of the pistons performing the strokes of the operating cycle is executed when the drive shaft rotates at 90°, and not at 180° as it is the compared engine, and the start of each stroke begins with the angular position of respective driving tooth at an angle of about 45° to their direction of motion. With such a start, the "expansion" strokes provide an initial engine torque value equal to the maximum torque value of an engine with a crank mechanism, whose torque, according to its sinusoidal characteristic, starts at a zero value.

[0023] The basic kinematic scheme applied in the method for engine movement according to the invention allows variability in the implementation of engines with different values of the parameters of their technical characteristics.

[0024] For example, there are engines where two "expansion" strokes are performed to rotate the drive shaft at 180°, one for each 90°, while only one "expansion" stroke is performed in the compared engine. The torque and power of such an engine are about three times greater than those of the compared engine.

[0025] In angular dephasing of the driving teeth at 45°, the values of torque and power become respectively about six times greater than those of the compared engine, and in dephasing at 30° - the values become about nine times greater.Brief description of the drawings

[0026] An example of the implementation of a piston-type internal combustion engine and method of operation without a crank mechanism according to the invention is presented in the enclosed figures, where:Fig. 1 - Longitudinal section of one piston group of an engine according to the inventionFig. 2 - Longitudinal section along the axis of a supporting and guiding journal with its bearing and its corresponding group of driving teethFig. 3 - View along A-A showing the driving teeth for "expansion" and "exhaust" strokes of a four-stroke engineFig. 4 - Section B-B showing the driving teeth for "intake" and "compression" strokes of a four- stroke engineFig. 5 - View of the contact plane with the engine stages for "intake" and "expansion" strokes of the staged rack 5Fig. 6 - View along M of staged rack 5 for "expansion" engine strokeFig. 7 - View along H of staged rack 5 for "intake" strokeFig. 8 - View of the contact plane and contact stages for the "exhaust" and "compression" strokes of staged rack 6Fig.9 - View along P of staged rack 6 of four-stroke engineFig. 10 - Diagrams of torque Md and power N of: a.conventional engine with a crank mechanism b.engine with an angular arrangement of the groups of driving teeth at 180° c. engine with an angular arrangement of the groups of driving teeth at 90° d.4-cylinder two-stroke engine and an 8-cylinder four-stroke engine according to the invention, with an angular arrangement of the groups of driving teeth at 45°Figure 11 - Diagram oftorque Ma and power N of a 6-cylinder two-stroke engine and a 12- cylinder four-stroke engine according to the invention with an angular arrangement of the groups of driving teeth at 30°Figure 12 - View of the arrangement of the driving teeth against the supporting and guiding journal 19 for a two-stroke engineFigure 13 - View A-A on Figure 13 of the driving teeth of a two-stroke engineFigure 14 - Rack 5 with contact step for the "expansion" and "exhaust" strokes for a two- stroke engineFigure 15 - Rack 6 with contact step for the "intake" and "compression" strokes for a two- stroke engineExamples embodiment of invention

[0027] The description presents an exemplary implementation of an internal combustion engine piston-type, four-stroke and two-stroke, and a method of its operation without a crank mechanism, which, according to the invention, can find wide application in various areas and industries, suchas automotive and transportation industries, stationary engines, etc.

[0028] The engine according to the invention (Figure 1) includes in its main part an internal combustion engine piston type with all its components, units, aggregates and functional systems, but without the crankshaft and its connecting rods. It is characterized by the fact that the transformation of the rectilinear and reciprocating movement of pistons 21 into rotary movement of drive shaft 9 of the engine is implemented by means of piston slides, one for each piston 21.

[0029] They are a group of two staged racks 5 and 6, connected in their upper part with bolts 2 and pins 3 through an upper spring plate 4 with an upper cap 1. It, in turn, is connected with a piston bolt 20 to a piston 21, and in its lower part the group of two racks 5 and 6 is connected with bolts 2 and pins 3 through a lower spring plate 8 with lower cap 7, thus the inner planes 18 of the so- formed rectangular openings of the piston slides encompass and contact, each one with a supporting and guiding cylindrical journal 19 of the drive shaft 9, which is a cylindrical body with specified areas of bearing journals 23 and supporting and guiding journals 19.

[0030] There are driving teeth 9, 10, 11 and 12 next to each of the last journals, which are located bilaterally, two teeth per side for a four-stroke engine, and each tooth is for a separate stroke of the working cycle and lies in its own plane.

[0031] The teeth are angularly dephased between each other at about 90° and their radius of rotation is about 1.5 times greater than that of the crank journals of crankshaft 9. The driving teeth are differentiated into groups, one for each piston 21, and the individual groups are angularly dephased between each other at different angular values, where each group starts with driving tooth 10 for the "expansion" stroke, and for a two-stroke engine one driving tooth performs two strokes of the fuel cycle at 90° rotation of the drive shaft, where the "expansion" stroke with the "exhaust" stroke and the second "intake" stroke and the subsequent "compression" stroke are implemented by two pairs of identical driving teeth. Each of the pairs has the same functions and the two driving teeth of one pair are located on a straight line at 180°, and the two pairs are located opposite each supporting and guiding journal, on either of its sides, and the driving teeth of each pair are lying in the same plane. The pairs are angularly dephased at 90°.

[0032] The two pairs of driving teeth are one engine group to perform the fuel cycle of one cylinder. The driving groups can be angularly dephased at 90°, 180°, etc. Depending on the values of the angular dephasing of the engine groups, the strokes "expansion" at 90° and 180° are performed, and simultaneously with two strokes "expansion" with a different number of working cylinders, thus increasing the engine torque and power.

[0033] The method of operation of the internal combustion engine piston-type without a crank mechanism, four-stroke and two-stroke, is applied with a basic kinematic scheme for thetransformation of the rectilinear reciprocating movement of the pistons 21 into a rotary movement of the engine drive shaft 9, where the full operating stroke of the pistons performing the strokes of the operating cycle, is performed by rotating the engine drive shaft 9 at 90°, whereby the beginning of each stroke starts with an angular arrangement of its driving teeth 10, 11, 12 and 13 at about 45° to the direction of the pistons 21 movement, and the beginning of each stroke of the pistons 21 begins not with a zero torque value, but with a value equal to the maximum torque of an engine with crank mechanism.

[0034] According to an example of the invention application for a four-stroke four-cylinder engine, the groups of driving teeth 10, 11, 12 and 13 on the drive shaft 9 are angularly dephased between each other at 180° starting with driving tooth 10 for "expansion" stroke. According to an example of the invention application for a four-stroke four-cylinder engine, the groups of driving teeth 10, 11, 12 and 13 on the drive shaft 9 are angularly dephased between each other at 90° starting with driving tooth 10 for "expansion" stroke.

[0035] In a preferred example of the invention application for a four-stroke eight-cylinder engine, the groups of driving teeth 10, 11, 12 and 13 on the drive shaft 9 are angularly dephased between each other at 45°, starting with a driving tooth 10 for "expansion" stroke for each group, where for each 90° rotation of the drive shaft, two "expansion" strokes are performed simultaneously with overlapping in two cylinders in the sequence of the entire engine operation.

[0036] According to another preferred example of the invention application for a four-stroke twelve- cylinder engine, the groups of driving teeth 10, 11, 12 and 13 on the drive shaft 9 are angularly dephased between each other at 30°, starting with driving tooth 19 for an "expansion" stroke for each group, whereby for each rotation of the drive shaft 9 by 90° three "expansion" strokes in three cylinders are performed simultaneously with overlapping in the sequence of the entire engine operation.

[0037] One more preferred implementation of the invention is for a two-stroke four-cylinder engine, where the groups of drive teeth 10 and 12 on its drive shaft 9 are angularly dephased between each other at 45°, starting with driving tooth 10 for an "expansion" stroke, and two "expansion" strokes are performed simultaneously with overlapping in two cylinders in the sequence of the entire engine operation.

[0038] In another implementation of the invention for a two-stroke six-cylinder internal combustion engine, the groups of driving teeth 10 and 12 on its drive shaft 9 are angularly dephased between each other at 30°, starting with driving tooth 10 for an "expansion" stroke, whereby three "expansion" strokes are executed simultaneously with overlapping in three cylinders in the sequence of the entire engine operation.transformation of the rectilinear reciprocating movement of the pistons 21 into a rotary movement of the engine drive shaft 9, where the full operating stroke of the pistons performing the strokes of the operating cycle, is performed by rotating the engine drive shaft 9 at 90°, whereby the beginning of each stroke starts with an angular arrangement of its driving teeth 10, 11, 12 and 13 at about 45° to the direction of the pistons 21 movement, and the beginning of each stroke of the pistons 21 begins not with a zero torque value, but with a value equal to the maximum torque of an engine with crank mechanism.

[0034] According to an example of the invention application for a four-stroke four-cylinder engine, the groups of driving teeth 10, 11, 12 and 13 on the drive shaft 9 are angularly dephased between each other at 180° starting with driving tooth 10 for "expansion" stroke. According to an example of the invention application for a four-stroke four-cylinder engine, the groups of driving teeth 10, 11, 12 and 13 on the drive shaft 9 are angularly dephased between each other at 90° starting with driving tooth 10 for "expansion" stroke.

[0035] In a preferred example of the invention application for a four-stroke eight-cylinder engine, the groups of driving teeth 10, 11, 12 and 13 on the drive shaft 9 are angularly dephased between each other at 45°, starting with a driving tooth 10 for "expansion" stroke for each group, where for each 90° rotation of the drive shaft, two "expansion" strokes are performed simultaneously with overlapping in two cylinders in the sequence of the entire engine operation.

[0036] According to another preferred example of the invention application for a four-stroke twelve- cylinder engine, the groups of driving teeth 10, 11, 12 and 13 on the drive shaft 9 are angularly dephased between each other at 30°, starting with driving tooth 19 for an "expansion" stroke for each group, whereby for each rotation of the drive shaft 9 by 90° three "expansion" strokes in three cylinders are performed simultaneously with overlapping in the sequence of the entire engine operation.

[0037] One more preferred implementation of the invention is for a two-stroke four-cylinder engine, where the groups of drive teeth 10 and 12 on its drive shaft 9 are angularly dephased between each other at 45°, starting with driving tooth 10 for an "expansion" stroke, and two "expansion" strokes are performed simultaneously with overlapping in two cylinders in the sequence of the entire engine operation.

[0038] In another implementation of the invention for a two-stroke six-cylinder internal combustion engine, the groups of driving teeth 10 and 12 on its drive shaft 9 are angularly dephased between each other at 30°, starting with driving tooth 10 for an "expansion" stroke, whereby three "expansion" strokes are executed simultaneously with overlapping in three cylinders in the sequence of the entire engine operation.

[0039] Internal combustion engines without a crank mechanism according to the invention have a wide range of applicability, due to the mobility and variability of the basic kinematic scheme, through which the method of their action is implemented.

[0040] They can be used to drive a large part of existing means of transport, such as cars, cargo and heavy-duty vehicles, construction machinery, agricultural cargo and processing vehicles, stationary engines, etc.

[0041] Different values of the parameters of the basic kinematic scheme of movement define engines with various technical characteristics, where the maximum values of their torque and power exceed about three, six, nine, and more times those of conventional internal combustion engines with the crank mechanism at the same number of revolutions.

[0041] The operation of the internal combustion engine according to the invention is performed at the full stroke of its pistons by turning its drive shaft 9 at 90°, whereby the beginning of each stroke starts at an angular arrangement of the groups of driving teeth 10, 11, 12 and 13 of the drive shaft 9 at about 45° to the direction of movement of the pistons 21 , in which the value of the torque is equal to the maximum value of the torque of an engine with a crank mechanism with initial torque zero.

[0042] At different values of the angular dephasing of the groups of driving teeth 10, 11, 12, and 13 of drive shaft 9, different engines with different technical characteristics are determined. In their operation, two, three, and more "expansion" strokes can be performed simultaneously for their entire operation, and the values of their torques and powers, at the same number of revolutions, are respectively about three, six, nine, and more times greater than those of an engine with a crank mechanism.

[0043] The operation of each stroke of the combustion process of one engine cylinder, without the "expansion" stroke, is provided with power only from the "expansion" stroke of the other cylinders. The power from the "expansion" stroke of the sequentially acting cylinders in full value is given to each stroke, without the "expansion" stroke, to one operating cylinder.

[0044] The sequence of operation of the strokes is synchronized with the order of cylinder operation. The execution of each stroke of the combustion process ensures the full stroke of the piston, where its final position is determined by the contact of the driving tooth for the execution of the next stroke with its corresponding contact step, which is the beginning of the next stroke.Figures 11 and 12 graphically show exemplary values of the torques and powers of engines according to the invention in comparison to those of the engine with a crank mechanism.

Claims

Claims1. An internal combustion engine piston-type and a method of operation without a crank mechanism, four-stroke, and two-stroke, includes in its main part the structural implementation of internal combustion engine piston-type with a crank mechanism, with all its elements, units, aggregates and functional systems, but without the crankshaft and its connecting rods, and is characterized by the fact, that the transformation of the rectilinear reciprocating movement of pistons (21) into rotary movement of the drive shaft (9) of the engine is implemented by means of piston slides, one for each piston (2) and they are a group of two staged racks (5) and (6), connected in their upper part with bolts (2) and pins (3) through an upper spring plate (4) with upper cap 1, which is connected by piston bolt (20) to piston (21), and in its lower part the group of two racks (5) and (6) is connected with bolts (2) and pins (3) through lower spring plate (8) with lower cap (7), thus the inner planes 18 of the so formed rectangular openings of the piston (2) slides encompass and contact, each of them with one supporting and guiding cylindrical journal 19 of the drive shaft 9, which is a cylindrical body with specified areas of bearing journals (23) and of supporting and guiding journals (19). Next to each of the latter there are driving teeth (9, 10, 11, 12), located bilaterally, whereby for a four-stroke engine there are two teeth per side, each tooth being for a separate stroke of the working cycle and lying in its own plane, the teeth are angularly dephased between each other at about 90° and their radius of rotation is about 1.5 times greater than that of the crankshaft journals, whereby the driving teeth (9,10,11,12) are separated into groups, one for each piston (21), where the individual groups are angularly dephased between each other at different angular values starting for each group with driving tooth (10) for an expansion, stroke, and for a two-stroke engine one driving tooth completes two strokes of the fuel cycle for a 90° rotation of the drive shaft (9), and for its 360° rotation from each side of the supporting and guiding journals there are two identical driving teeth, lying in one plane with the same functions and located at 180° from each other in a mirror projection, where the pairs of driving teeth in their planes are angularly dephased between each other at 90°a as for two-stroke and four-stroke engines the contact teeth make contact, drive, and are driven by the piston slides throughthe contact steps - for the four-stroke engines (14, 15, 16, and 17), and for the two-stroke engines (24 and 25), on their racks (5) and (6).

2. The method of operation of a piston- type internal combustion engine without a crank mechanism, gasoline, diesel, four-stroke and two-stroke, implemented according to a basic kinematic scheme for the transformation of the rectilinear reciprocating movement of the pistons 21 into a rotary movement of the engine drive shaft 9, where the full operating stroke of the pistons 21 performing the strokes of the operating cycle, is performed by rotating the engine drive shaft 9 at 90°, whereby the beginning of each stroke starts with an angular arrangement of its driving teeth 10, 11, 12 and 13 at about 45° to the direction of the pistons 21 movement, and the beginning of each stroke of the pistons begins with a value equal to the maximum torque of an engine with crank mechanism.

3. A four-stroke, four-cylinder internal combustion engine according to claims 1 and 2 is characterized by the fact that the groups of driving teeth (10, 11, 12 and 13) on its drive shaft (9) are angularly dephased between each other at 180° starting with driving tooth (10) for "expansion" stroke of the first cylinder in the order of operation of the engine cylinders.

4. A four-stroke four-cylinder internal combustion engine according to claims 1 and 2 is characterized by the fact that the groups of driving teeth (10, 11, 12 and 13) on its drive shaft (9) are angularly dephased between each other at 90° starting with driving tooth (10) for the "expansion" stroke of the first cylinder in the order of operation of the engine cylinders.

5. A four-stroke eight-cylinder internal combustion engine according to claims 1 and 2 is characterized by the fact that the groups of driving teeth (10, 11, 12 and 13) on its drive shaft (9) are angularly dephased between each other at 45° starting with driving tooth (10) for the "expansion" stroke, whereby for the rotation of its drive shaft (9) at 90°, two "expansion" strokes in two cylinders are executed simultaneously with overlapping in the sequence of the entire engine operation.

6. A four-stroke twelve-cylinder internal combustion engine according to claims 1 and 2 is characterized by the fact that the groups of driving teeth 10, 11, 12 and 13 on its drive shaft (9) are angularly dephased between each other at 30° starting with driving tooth (10) for the "expansion" stroke, whereby for the rotation of its drive shaft (9) at 90°, three expansion strokes in three cylinders are executed simultaneously with overlapping in the sequence of the entire engine operation.

7. Two-stroke four-cylinder internal combustion engine according to claims 1 and 2 is characterized by the fact that the groups of driving teeth (10) and (12) on its drive shaft (9) are angularly dephased between each other at 45°, starting with driving tooth (10) for stroke expansion, whereby two strokes of the first cylinder are performed simultaneously with overlapping in the order of operation of the engine cylinders."expansion" in two cylinders in the sequence of the entire engine operation.

8. A two-stroke six-cylinder internal combustion engine according to claims 1 and 2 is characterized by the fact that the groups of driving teeth (10) and (12) on its drive shaft (9) are angularly dephased between each other at 30°, starting with driving tooth (10) per stroke expansion, whereby three "expansion" strokes in three cylinders are performed simultaneously with overlapping in the sequence of the entire engine operation.

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