Ensuring consistency of imaging geometry in follow-up exams

Abstract

Technology for performing a current imaging exam of a patient includes accessing a stored patient position model generated based on a prior imaging exam of the patient, matching a current pose of the patient to the patient position model, wherein an indication of the current pose relative to the patient position model is provided, performing a current scan of the patient upon a determination that a discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is within a predetermined threshold or that the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is unlikely to be reduced, where a protocol or rendering of the current scan is adjusted based on the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model, and storing, as metadata associated with a produced image of the scan, any remaining discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model.

Description

[0001] ENSURING CONSISTENCY OF IMAGING GEOMETRY IN FOLLOW-UP EXAMS

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Embodiments generally relate to medical imaging systems. More particularly, embodiments relate to ensuring consistency of imaging geometry in follow-up imaging exams.

[0004] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0005] In medical diagnostic imaging, patients often receive follow-up imaging exams to provide images of the same body part as a prior exam. Reproducing a similar looking image for the same patient in subsequent medical imaging exams offers a wide range of benefits, including disease identification, tracking patient progress and / or disease progression and enabling estimation of the efficacy of treatment. However, several factors, such as difficulty in repeating the patient positioning from an earlier exam or a change in imaging equipment from an earlier exam, negatively influence the ability' to reproduce similar images in subsequent exams.

[0006] SUMMARY OF PARTICULAR EXAMPLES

[0007] There is, therefore, a need to improve the ability to improve the ability to reproduce similar images for a patient in subsequent exams. An object of the disclosed technology is solved by the subject-matter of the appended independent claims, wherein further embodiments are incorporated in the dependent claims, in the accompanying drawings and the following description.

[0008] Disclosed herein are improved computing systems, methods, and computer readable media to provide consistency of imaging geometry in follow-up exams. In accordance with one or more embodiments, a computer-implemented method comprises performing a current imaging exam of a patient, comprising accessing a stored patient position model, the patient position model being generated based on a pose of the patient during a prior imaging exam of the patient, wherein the current imaging exam is a same type of exam as a type of the prior imaging exam, and wherein the patient position model includes imaging geometry and three-dimensional (3D) positioning of the patient relative to reference markers located on a prior scanner used for the prior imaging exam, matching a current pose of the patient to the patient position model, wherein an indication of the current pose relative to the patient position model is provided, performing a current scan of the patient using a current scanner upon a determination that a discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is within a predetermined threshold or that the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is unlikely to be reduced by repositioning the patient or the current scanner, wherein one or more of a protocol or rendering of the current scan is adjusted based on the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model, and storing, as metadata associated with a produced image of the scan, any remaining discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model after adjusting the one or more of the protocol or the rendering of the current scan.

[0009] In accordance with one or more embodiments, a computing system comprises a processor, and memory coupled to the processor, the memory comprising instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the computing system to perform operations comprising accessing a stored patient position model, the patient position model being generated based on a pose of the patient during a prior imaging exam of the patient, wherein the current imaging exam is a same type of exam as a type of the prior imaging exam, and wherein the patient position model includes imaging geometry and three-dimensional (3D) positioning of the patient relative to reference markers located on a prior scanner used for the prior imaging exam, matching a current pose of the patient to the patient position model, wherein an indication of the current pose relative to the patient position model is provided, performing a current scan of the patient using a current scanner upon a determination that a discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is within a predetermined threshold or that the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is unlikely to be reduced by repositioning the patient or the current scanner, wherein one or more of a protocol or rendering of the current scan is adjusted based on the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model. In a preferred embodiment the computing system further performs storing, as metadata associated with a produced image of the scan, any remaining discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model after adjusting the one or more of the protocol or the rendering of the current scan.

[0010] In accordance with one or more embodiments, at least one computer readable storage medium comprises a set of instructions which, when executed by a computing system, cause the computing system to perform operations comprising accessing a stored patient position model, the patient position model being generated based on a pose of the patient during a prior imaging exam of the patient, wherein the current imaging exam is a same type of exam as a type of the prior imaging exam, and wherein the patient position model includes imaging geometry and three-dimensional (3D) positioning of the patient relative to reference markers located on a prior scanner used for the prior imaging exam, matching a current pose of the patient to the patient position model, wherein an indication of the current pose relative to the patient position model is provided, performing a current scan of the patient using a current scanner upon a determination that a discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is within a predetermined threshold or that the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is unlikely to be reduced by repositioning the patient or the current scanner, and wherein one or more of a protocol or rendering of the current scan is adjusted based on the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model. In a preferred embodiment the set of instructions causes the computing system to store, as metadata associated with a produced image of the scan, any remaining discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model after adjusting the one or more of the protocol or the rendering of the current scan. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] The various advantages of the embodiments will become apparent to one skilled in the art by reading the following specification and appended claims, and by referencing the following drawings, in which:

[0012] Fig. 1 provides a block diagram illustrating an example of a medical imaging system according to one or more embodiments;

[0013] Fig. 2 provides a flow diagram illustrating an example method of operating a medical imaging system for a first exam according to one or more embodiments;

[0014] Figs. 3A-3B provide flow diagrams illustrating an example method of operating a medical imaging system for a current exam according to one or more embodiments;

[0015] Fig. 4 provides a flow diagram illustrating an example method of performing a current imaging exam of a patient according to one or more embodiments; and

[0016] Fig. 5 provides a block diagram illustrating an example computing system for use in a medical imaging system according to one or more embodiments.

[0017] DETAILES DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0018] Technology as described herein provides for improved consistency in imaging quality for a plurality of medical imaging exams of a patient taken at different times. Current medical imaging workflows fail to capture information regarding positioning of a specific patient in relation to the imaging system. Lack of such information inhibits medical personnel from recreating a similar position comfortable for the patient during a follow-up exam, resulting in inconsistencies in positioning of the patient from one imaging exam to the next (e.g., subsequent) exam for that patient and, hence, changes in the resulting imaging quality. Additionally, time duration between two follow-up exams can be as short as a week or as long as a year. In this time period, the patient can undergo morphological changes, such as changes in fat deposits, bone density in and around the scanned body part, which inhibit in obtaining a similar looking image. Moreover, changes in imaging equipment used in a subsequent exam for the patient further impacts the relative imaging quality of the subsequent exam not only due to differences in the seamier, but also to changes in patient positioning caused by the new equipment.

[0019] According to embodiments as described herein, three-dimensional (3D) patient position information and scan geometry for a first imaging exam of a given exam type for a patient is captured and used as an individualized patient position model for guiding positioning of that patient in subsequent (e.g., follow-on) imaging exams of the same type. Presenting information on the patient positioning from their previous exam via the patient position model can provide a reference position for both medical personnel and patient, to guide them in reproducing, for a current exam, the same position for the patient, and for any support equipment used for the patient, as in the first exam. Using a previously obtained comfortable position for the patient, this approach speeds up the preparation for the upcoming scanning, and can also reduce or eliminate interruptions due to patient discomfort from less favorable positioning.

[0020] The technology provides a way to capture 3D positioning of the patient using 3D camera / mapping sensors while preserving patient privacy and adjusting for occlusions (if any) between people and objects. Differences in patient positioning are reduced to a predefined acceptable threshold and / or are used to adjust scanning parameters or imaging results. Positioning guidance can include repositioning or realignment instructions to patient, medical staff, or robotic systems to enable reproduction of the geometry’ at a different imaging site for follow-up exams. Remaining geometric misalignments are either compensated by automated adaptation of geometry’ settings or are stored with the image metadata to, for example, support the reading radiologist in the assessment of the follow-up images.

[0021] Fig. 1 provides a block diagram illustrating an example of a medical imaging system 100 according to one or more embodiments, with reference to components and features described herein including but not limited to the figures and associated description. As shown in Fig. 1, the medical imaging system 100 includes a patient position acquisition module 110, a position and geometry module 120, a position model database 125, a positioning feedback module 130, an imaging metadata module 140, an image metadata database 145, and an imaging scanner 150. The various components illustrated in Fig. 1 are, in some examples, coupled via data communication technology (e.g., hardwire cables, bus, etc.) and / or via a network (wired and / or wireless). While the medical imaging system 100 as illustrated in Fig. 1 shows these modules as separate components, in some embodiments one or more of these components (or features thereof) are combined with, or integrated within, another of these components (or features thereof).

[0022] The patient position acquisition module 110 captures 3D patient position information for a patient that is positioned for an imaging exam (e.g., the patient is positioned in proximity to the imaging scanner 150, such as on a table, etc.). The patient position acquisition module 110 includes, or interfaces with, a three dimensional (3D) image unit 115 - which is separate from the imaging sensor of the imaging scanner 150. The 3D image unit 115 includes one or more image sensors, such as, e.g., a 3D visual camera, a 3D depth camera, a 3D infrared (IR) camera (e.g., thermal camera), a depth sensor, a 3D laser, a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) sensor, and / or a plurality of two-dimensional (2D) cameras, where each of the plurality of 2D cameras is a visual or IR camera.

[0023] The patient position acquisition module 110 captures, via the 3D image unit 115, a 3D image of the patient in position for an imaging exam, in a manner to preserve patient privacy. For example, in acquiring the 3D image of the patient, facial features of the patient are not collected or retained. In the case of a first imaging exam, the 3D image of the patient is used for generating a patient position model. In the case of a subsequent imaging exam, the patient position model is used to provide positioning guidance for positioning the patient in the subsequent imaging exam.

[0024] The captured 3D image of the patient provides a 3D body shape and position relative to one or more reference marker(s) on the imaging scanner 150. The 3D body shape and position includes a body pose of the patient, which refers to the position and orientation of the patient’s body in space (such as, e.g., 3D space). The reference marker(s) have a known geometric relation to the imaging region and / or another region (e.g., patient table) for the imaging scanner 150. The reference marker(s) include one or more of a visual indicator (e.g., a visible label, dot, cross, light, flashing light, etc.) or another indicator that is recognizable by the sensor type of the 3D image unit 115. For example, in some embodiments the reference marker is a visual indicator that is placed at a pre-defined position on the patient table; knowledge of the table position and the marker position then enables determination of the patient’s body position relative to the scanner imaging region (e.g., a center of the scanner imaging region). The reference marker(s) are typically fixed for a given scanner and provide a repeatable way to determine patient positioning relative to the scanner. Reference marker(s) can differ among different scanners, especially those of different manufacturers.

[0025] A reference marker needs to be calibrated once by measuring the distance from the center of the imaging volume at a known position in relation to the imaging scanner 150 (e.g., a known table position). After calibration, measuring the position of the marker is sufficient to calculate the current distance of the marker from the center of the imaging volume, provided that the 3D image unit 115 is kept fixed relative to the reference marker. Medical imaging can be used in relation to reference marker(s) to increase accuracy of the 3D patient position model, especially in the early phases of a scanning protocol (e.g., a scout scan) to allow changing patient position in further scans.

[0026] In some cases, due to activities conducted in the scanner room that are centered around the scanner, the patient or an object in the field of view of the 3D image unit 115 are occluded by personnel or objects such as coils, patient monitoring stand, etc. In such a case, the occlusion is handled by detecting the presence of a particular object using an object detection algorithm such as, e.g., YOLOX and tracking the detected object using a tracking algorithm such as, e.g., ROLO (recurrent YOLO). The orientation of the object is estimated using a pose detection algorithm such as, e.g. OPENPOSE to estimate the necessary key points. Object pose refers to the position and orientation of the object in space (such as, e.g., 3D space). For objects that are standardized and / or rigid, the occluded part can be reconstructed (e.g., as is known in the art). In case of occlusion of a portion of the patient, reconstruction of the occluded part is based on one or more previous frames where the same patient is detected without any occlusions. As one example, an occluding object (such as, e.g., a coil used in an MR exam) is tracked, the pose of the occluding object is estimated, and an occluded image portion of the patient corresponding to the occluding object pose is replaced by a corresponding image portion from a prior image of the patient.

[0027] For a first imaging exam of the patient, once the patient is in the best possible position (e.g., as determined by medical personnel and / or the patient), the 3D image(s) of the patient in position are captured by the 3D image unit 115 and passed by the patient position acquisition module 110 to the position and geometry module 120. The position and geometry module 120 generates a patient position model for the patient based on the 3D image(s) of the patient in position (e.g., as received from the patient position acquisition module 110) and positioning and geometry information relating to the exam. For example, the positioning and geometry information relating to the exam includes one or more of reference marker information, patient pose during the scan, imaging geometry used by the imaging scanner 150 for the exam, patient support equipment used (and details including the type(s) and location(s) thereof), etc. The position and geometry module 120 also provides for storage and retrieval of the patient position model in the position model database 125. Once stored in the position model database 125, the patient position model is retrieved by the position and geometry module 120 for use as patient positioning guidance, e.g., in a subsequent imaging exam of that patient. In embodiments, the position model database 125 is located remotely from the other portions of the medical imaging system 100 and connected via a network to the medical imaging system 100. In embodiments, the position model database 125 is also connected via a network to other medical imaging systems that employ the same technology as described herein.

[0028] The positioning feedback module 130 provides feedback in the form of positioning guidance for positioning the patient in a subsequent imaging exam of the patient (e.g., where the subsequent imaging exam is the same type of exam as the first exam). The positioning guidance is based on the calculated difference between a current patient position measurement (e.g., via the 3D image unit 115) for the patient and the patient position model for that patient, and is used to assist positioning of the patient in a manner that that provides a match to the patient position model (e.g., to support reproducing the patient position from the earlier exam). The positioning guidance is provided to one or more of the patient, medical personnel assisting the patient (e.g., a technologist) an assistive robot, etc. in real time, such that the patient can move and / or be assisted in moving) to a position that provides a better match to the patient position model. In some embodiments, the positioning guidance is provided in the form of a visual positioning guideline, such as, e.g., a virtual reality (VR) display, a laser projection on a patient table or patient body, etc.

[0029] In embodiments, the positioning guidance is used to adjust the patient position and / or the imaging scanner to reduce, and / or compensate for, the difference between the current position and the patient position model. The patient position and / or the imaging scanner is adjusted through one or more techniques. As one example, actuators in the imaging scanner 150 cause movement of the patient through movement of a patient table or changes of the patient support equipment. As another example, a robot causes movement of the patient in a human fashion. As another example, motor(s) in the imaging scanner 150 cause the scanning sensor to move or otherwise be repositioned. As another example, the imaging protocol is reconfigured to change geometry (e.g., the field-of-view) for the scan. For example, in the case of a subsequent MR imaging exam, once the patient is determined to be in the best possible position the angulation of the MR slice is adjusted based on the difference between the current position and the patient position model. In some embodiments, one or more of these techniques are applied automatically based on the positioning guidance. In some embodiments, one or more of these techniques are selected and / or controlled manually. In some cases, one or more of these techniques are employed together to adjust the patient position and / or the imaging scanner.

[0030] In some embodiments, a threshold (e.g., tolerance) of the difference between the current position and the patient position model is applied to determine when the match is satisfactory. The threshold can, in embodiments, be pre-determined and / or based on inputs from medical personnel (e.g., a clinician or radiologist, etc.). Once the positioning difference between current patient position and the patient position model is a match or within the threshold, the medical personnel and / or the patient are informed that positioning is completed. As long as a better alignment is possible, instructions are generated for the patient, staff, or robotic system (e.g., any moveable part of the imaging scanner) to improve the patient positioning. If no more improvement is possible, in some cases (e.g., for MR scans) the geometry settings of the imaging protocol parameters are automatically adapted to compensate for the remaining alignment differences. Any alignment differences remaining after this adaptation of imaging geometry are stored with the new image data, so that a reading radiologist knows the exact geometric misalignments with regard to the original image of the first exam.

[0031] When a follow-up exam is planned on a different imaging scanner (e.g., with different markers or reference positions), the measurements and stored patient position model are transformed to account for the new reference markers. In embodiments, the positioning guidance includes a patient positioning guideline (e.g., as a virtual reality (VR) display or a laser projection on a patient table or patient / body, etc.).

[0032] The imaging metadata module 140 generates medical image metadata associated with medical image(s) produced from an imaging exam of the patient. The image metadata reflects any remaining difference or discrepancy between the current patient position (i.e., patient pose) and the patient position model after adjusting the imaging protocol for the scan or the rendering of the medical image(s). In embodiments the image metadata also reflects misalignments and measurement accuracies. For example, the expected accuracy of the 3D measurement technology used in the 3D image unit 115 is taken into account and provided in the image metadata.

[0033] The imaging metadata module 140 also provides for storage and retrieval of the image metadata, along with the corresponding medical image(s) (or scans), in the image metadata database 145. In embodiments, when retrieving the metadata for an image the imaging metadata module 140 also retrieves the corresponding medical image(s) for an imaging exam of the patient. This enables a radiologist (or other medical personnel) to retrieve the medical image(s) from one or more exams and when reviewing or interpreting the medical image(s), use the metadata to identify and / or compensate for any misalignments differences in positioning, understand the potential reliability of any reported positioning error, etc. The metadata can include the combined error of the follow-up patient position (including both any position detection error / inaccuracy of the initial exam and the position detection error / inaccuracy of the follow-up exam). As an example, the image metadata can be used to display error bars showing any positioning error, and / or accuracy thereof, in connection with display of the retrieved medical image(s). In some embodiments, the image metadata is stored in the image metadata database 145 in a DICOM file associated with the medical image(s) for the exam.

[0034] The imaging scanner 150 is a medical imaging scanner used to conduct medical imaging exams of various modalities such as, for example, magnetic resonance (MR), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), X-ray, ultrasound, etc. The imaging scanner 150 is an integrated unit and includes equipment typically associated with the type or modality of imaging scans performed. For example, an MR scanner typically includes a magnet, gradient coils, a radio frequency (RF) transmitter and receiver, and a control unit (e.g., computerized). In examples the imaging scanner 150 also includes a patient table and / or other equipment used to support the patient during the exam.

[0035] Some or all components and / or features in the medical imaging system 100 can be implemented using one or more of a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), an artificial intelligence (Al) accelerator, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) accelerator, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and / or via a processor with software, or in a combination of a processor with software and an FPGA or ASIC. Some or all components and / or features in the medical imaging system 100 can be implemented within or integrated with an imaging scanner (such as, e.g., the imaging scanner 150), or implemented as add-on equipment to the imaging scanner. More particularly, components of the medical imaging system 100 can be implemented in one or more modules as a set of program or logic instructions stored in a machine- or computer-readable storage medium such as random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), firmware, flash memory, etc., in hardware, or any combination thereof. For example, hardware implementations can include configurable logic, fixed-functionality logic, or any combination thereof. Examples of configurable logic include suitably configured programmable logic arrays (PLAs), FPGAs, complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), and general purpose microprocessors. Examples of fixed- functionality logic include suitably configured ASICs, combinational logic circuits, and sequential logic circuits. The configurable or fixed-functionality logic can be implemented with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic circuits, transistor-transistor logic (TTL) logic circuits, or other circuits.

[0036] For example, computer program code to carry out operations by the medical imaging system 100 can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, JavaScript, Python, C#, C++, Perl, Smalltalk, or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. Additionally, program or logic instructions might include assembler instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, state-setting data, configuration data for integrated circuitry, state information that personalizes electronic circuitry and / or other structural components that are native to hardware (e.g., host processor, central processing unit / CPU, microcontroller, etc.).

[0037] In some embodiments, the medical imaging system 100 is implemented as a self-service imaging system, where the patient is instructed in positioning for the exam without the guidance or assistance from live medical personnel. In such a scenario, the medical imaging system 100 provides instructions that guide patient positioning to the patient directly, such that for a first (or prior) exam the patient positions himself or herself for the exam and the patient position model is generated as described herein, and for a subsequent (or current) exam the positioning guidance is provided to the patient, based on the patient position model for that patient, enabling the patient to position himself or herself for the current exam with the best possible alignment to positioning as in the prior exam.

[0038] Fig. 2 provides a flow diagram illustrating an example method 200 for operating a medical imaging system (such as, e.g., the medical imaging system 100 in Fig. 1, already discussed) for a first exam according to one or more embodiments, with reference to components and features described herein including but not limited to the figures and associated description. The method 200 provides for generating and storing a patient position model based on a first exam for a patient. The first exam is an exam that occurs prior to a current exam (described herein with reference to Figs. 3A-3B), and relates to an imaging exam of a particular type for a particular patient. A particular type of exam includes identifying a modality (e.g., CT) and a target (e.g., brain scan). The patient position model includes measurements of the patient positioning (e.g., patient pose) based on the 3D image(s) of the patient in position for the exam along with positioning and geometry information relating to the exam. For example, the positioning and geometry information relating to the exam includes one or more of reference marker information, imaging geometry used by the imaging scanner (e.g., the imaging scanner 150) for the exam, patient support equipment used, etc.

[0039] The method 200 can generally be implemented in the medical imaging system 100 (Fig. 1, already discussed). More particularly, the method 200 can be implemented as one or more modules as a set of logic instructions stored in a machine- or computer-readable storage medium such as RAM, ROM, PROM, firmware, flash memory, etc., in hardware, or any combination thereof. For example, hardware implementations can include configurable logic, fixed-functionality logic, or any combination thereof. Examples of configurable logic include suitably configured PLAs, FPGAs, CPLDs, and general purpose microprocessors. Examples of fixed-functionality logic include suitably configured ASICs, combinational logic circuits, and sequential logic circuits. The configurable or fixed-functionality logic can be implemented with CMOS logic circuits, TTL logic circuits, or other circuits.

[0040] For example, computer program code to carry out the method 200 can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, JavaScript, Python, C#, C++, Perl, Smalltalk, or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. Additionally, program or logic instructions might include assembler instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, statesetting data, configuration data for integrated circuitry, state information that personalizes electronic circuitry and / or other structural components that are native to hardware (e.g., host processor, central processing unit / CPU, microcontroller, etc.).

[0041] The method 200 begins at block 210, which provides for positioning the patient for the first exam. The patient can be positioned by medical personnel (such as e.g., a technologist conducting the exam), by another person assisting the patient, and / or self-positioned (e.g., responsive to instructions provided to the patient). In some cases a scout scan is used to assist positioning of the patient. A scout scan is a preliminary scan taken, using the imaging scanner, to assist the medical personnel in locating the imaging region of interest in relation to a current patient position. Block 215 provides for determining the image geometry relative to reference marker(s) on the scanner (such as, e.g., the reference marker(s) discussed herein with reference to Fig.l). Determining the imaging geometry includes determining the imaging region of the scanner in relation to the reference marker(s). The imaging geometry can vary based on the type of exam, the anatomy being examined (e.g., brain, knee, liver, etc.), the organ size, and / or on clinical evaluation (e.g., a full-brain image is required or only a part of the brain needs to be imaged).

[0042] Block 220 provides for measuring the 3D body shape and position of the patient relative to the reference marker(s). This includes obtaining 3D images of the patient from a 3D image unit (e.g., the 3D image unit 115 in Fig. 1, already discussed), identifying the 3D body shape of the patient (e.g., body contour), and identifying the body position (e.g., location of body contour) in relation to reference marker(s) found on the imaging scanner. The 3D body shape and position includes a body pose of the patient, which refers to the position and orientation of the patient’s body in space (such as, e.g., 3D space). It will be understood that measuring the 3D body shape and position of the patient will depend upon the specific part or area of the body that is the subject of the imaging exam.

[0043] At block 225, it is determined if any patient support equipment is used for the exam. If no (N at block 225), the method proceeds to block 240). If yes (Y at block 225) the method proceeds to block 230, which provides for placing the support equipment to assist with patient positioning. Support equipment can include one or more of cushions, head lifters, etc. Block 235 provides for measuring the position of the support equipment in relation to the reference marker(s). The type(s) and exact location(s) of the support equipment used are included in the patient position model.

[0044] Block 240 provides for performing the patient scan(s) as called for by the imaging exam protocol. The patient scan(s) are used to render one or more medical images of the patient for the exam. The patient scans and / or images rendered from the scans are stored in an image database (such as, e.g., the image metadata database 145 in Fig. 1, already discussed). Metadata including patient reference position is stored with the images. Block 245 provides for generating and storing the patient position model for the patient. The patient position model is an individualized model specific to the patient for that exam type. The patient position model includes measurements of the patient positioning (e.g., patient pose) based on the 3D image(s) of the patient in position for the exam along with positioning and geometry information relating to the exam. For example, the positioning and geometry information relating to the exam includes one or more of reference marker information, imaging geometry used by the imaging scanner (e.g., the imaging scanner 150) for the exam, patient support equipment used, etc. The patient position model is stored in a patient position model database such as, e.g., the position model database 125 (Fig. 1, already discussed). In some embodiments, the operation of measuring the patient 3D body shape (block 220) occurs with (or just before) generating the patient model (block 245).

[0045] It will be understood that operations of the method 200 include certain operations that bear sequential relationship with certain other operations, while some operations may be sequentially interchangeable with other operations. For example, positioning the patient for the first exam (block 210) occurs before measuring the patient 3D body shape (block 220). Similarly, positioning the patient for the first exam (block 210) occurs before performing the patient scan(s) for the first exam (block 240), and measuring the patient 3D body shape (block 220) occurs before (or, alternatively, as part of) generating the patient position model (block 245). However, as an example, measuring the patient 3D body shape (block 220) and / or generating the patient position model (block 245) can occur before or after performing the patient scan(s) for the first exam (block 240).

[0046] Figs. 3A-3B provide flow diagrams illustrating an example method 300 (including process components 300A and 300B) of operating a medical imaging system (such as, e.g., the medical imaging system 100 in Fig. 1, already discussed) for a current (e.g., second / subsequent) exam according to one or more embodiments, with reference to components and features described herein including but not limited to the figures and associated description. The method 300 provides for retrieving a patient position model - which was generated based on a first (e.g., prior) exam for a patient - and using the patient position model to guide positioning of the patient for a current exam (e.g., subsequent to the first exam). The current exam relates to an imaging exam of the same type as the prior exam for the particular patient. A type of exam includes identifying a modality (e.g., CT) and a target (e.g., brain scan). The patient position model includes measurements of the patient positioning (e.g., patient pose) based on the 3D image(s) of the patient in position for the exam along with positioning and geometry information relating to the exam. For example, the positioning and geometry information relating to the exam includes one or more of reference marker information, imaging geometry used by the imaging scanner (e.g., the imaging scanner 150) for the exam, patient support equipment used, etc.

[0047] The method 300 can generally be implemented in the medical imaging system 100 (Fig. 1, already discussed). More particularly, the method 300 can be implemented as one or more modules as a set of logic instructions stored in a machine- or computer-readable storage medium such as RAM, ROM, PROM, firmware, flash memory, etc., in hardware, or any combination thereof. For example, hardware implementations can include configurable logic, fixed-functionality logic, or any combination thereof. Examples of configurable logic include suitably configured PLAs, FPGAs, CPLDs, and general purpose microprocessors. Examples of fixed-functionality logic include suitably configured ASICs, combinational logic circuits, and sequential logic circuits. The configurable or fixed-functionality logic can be implemented with CMOS logic circuits, TTL logic circuits, or other circuits.

[0048] For example, computer program code to carry out the method 300 can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, JavaScript, Python, C#, C++, Perl, Smalltalk, or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. Additionally, program or logic instructions might include assembler instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, statesetting data, configuration data for integrated circuitry, state information that personalizes electronic circuitry and / or other structural components that are native to hardware (e.g., host processor, central processing unit / CPU, microcontroller, etc.).

[0049] Turning to Fig. 3A, the process component 300A of the method 300 begins at block 310, which provides for retrieving a patient position model generated for a particular patient during a first (e.g., prior) exam of a specific exam type. The patient position model includes measurements of the patient positioning (e.g., patient pose) based on the 3D image(s) of the patient in position for the exam along with positioning and geometry information relating to the exam. For example, the positioning and geometry information relating to the exam includes one or more of reference marker information, imaging geometry used by the imaging scanner (e.g., the imaging scanner 150) for the exam, patient support equipment used, etc. Block 315 provides for transforming coordinates of the patient position model to new reference marker(s) (such as, e.g., the reference marker(s) discussed herein with reference to Fig.1) on the current scanner to be used for the current exam. In some embodiments this transformation is not necessary if the current scanner is the same equipment as used for the first / prior exam.

[0050] At block 320, patient positioning guidance is provided for the current exam based on the patient position model including any transformation of coordinates (block 315). Patient guidance includes one or more of instructions (e.g., vocal or sound instructions) or a visual indication to position the patient. In some embodiments, positioning guidance includes a visual positioning guideline, such as, e.g., a virtual reality (VR) display, a laser projection on a patient table or patient body, etc. In some cases a scout scan is used to assist positioning of the patient (e.g., certain aspects of the patient’s anatomy, such as fat composition, organ size, etc. can change between exams).

[0051] At block 325, it is determined if any patient support equipment is used for the exam. If no (N at block 325), the method proceeds to block 340). If yes (Y at block 325) the method proceeds to block 330, which provides for retrieving a list of support equipment and location used in the first (prior) exam from the patient position model. Support equipment can include one or more of cushions, head lifters, etc. Block 335 provides for placing the support equipment to assist with patient positioning as provided in the patient position model.

[0052] Block 340 provides for measuring the current 3D body shape and position of the patient relative to the reference marker(s). This includes obtaining 3D images of the patient from a 3D image unit (e.g., the 3D image unit 115 in Fig. 1, already discussed), identifying the 3D body shape of the patient (e.g., body contour), and identifying the body position (e.g., location of body contour) in relation to reference marker(s) found on the imaging scanner. The current 3D body shape and position includes a current body pose of the patient, which refers to the position and orientation of the patient’s body in space (such as, e.g., 3D space).

[0053] Block 345 provides for determining the difference between the current body pose measurement for the patient and the predefined position from the patient position model (e.g., including any transformation of coordinates (block 315)). The method 300 then continues with process component 300B (Fig. 3B).

[0054] Turning now to Fig. 3B, the process component 300B of the method 300 continues from the process component 300A at block 350, which provides for determining whether the current body pose of the patient is within a threshold (e.g., a predefined threshold) of patient positioning per the patient position model. If yes (Y at block 350), the method proceeds to block 375. If no (N at block 375), the method proceeds to block 355, which provides for determining if a better alignment of the patient is possible - that is, a realignment or repositioning of the patient and / or scanner (e.g., table) that is likely to reduce the difference between the current body pose measurement for the patient and the predefined position from the patient position model. The determination of possible better alignment can include one or more of an automatic determination (e.g., based on differences in the scanner or support equipment used in the current exam compared to the prior exam) or a manual determination (e.g., based on inability to move the patient to a more advantageous position). If no (N at block 355), it is determined that the difference (e.g., discrepancy) between the current pose of the patient and the patient position model is unlikely to be reduced by repositioning the patient or current scanner (e.g., due to differences in scanning equipment or patient condition, etc. which prevent a better patient alignment), and the method proceeds to block 370. If yes (Y at block 355) the method proceeds to block 360.

[0055] At block 360, feedback - e.g., an indication of the positioning difference including instructions to change the position of the patient and / or the scanner (e.g., moving a table or other part of the scanner) is provided to the medical personnel (e.g., technologist) and / or the patient. The instructions for repositioning the patient and / or the scanner are determined in order to reduce the difference (e.g., discrepancy) between the current body pose measurement for the patient and the predefined position from the patient position model. Examples of instructions include one or more of a vocal or sound instruction, a visual indication, commands to the image scanner (e.g., robotic component), etc. to reposition the patient and / or a component of the imaging scanner (e.g., a patient table). After the instructions are provided at block 360, the method at block 365 returns to block 340 of process component 300 A.

[0056] Block 370 provides for modifying the imaging protocol such as e.g., scan geometry and / or scan parameters for the current scanner to compensate for any remaining difference or discrepancy between current patient pose (e.g., after any repositioning per block 360) and the patient position model (e.g., including any transformation of coordinates (block 315). For example, the imaging protocol is reconfigured to change geometry (e.g., the field-of-view) for the current scan. As one example, in the case of a current MR imaging exam, the angulation of the MR slice is adjusted based on the difference between the current pose and the patient position model.

[0057] Block 375 provides for performing the patient scan(s) for the current exam as called for by the imaging exam protocol (e.g., as adjusted per block 370). The patient scan(s) are used to render one or more medical images of the patient for the current exam. In embodiments, the rendered image(s) from the current scan(s) is / are adjusted to compensate (at least in part) for the difference (e.g., discrepancy) between the current pose of the patient and the patient position model. In embodiments, image adjustments include one or more of adjustments to the field of view, slice thickness, slice angulation, as well as linear slice translation, warp / rotation, etc.

[0058] Block 380 provides for generating and storing metadata reflecting any remaining difference (e.g., discrepancy) between the current pose of the patient and the patient position model after adjusting the one or more of the imaging protocol or the rendering of the current scan, along with the corresponding patient scans and / or images rendered (e.g., produced) from the scans, in the image database (such as, e.g., the image metadata database 145 in Fig. 1, already discussed). The metadata can be used by a radiologist to read the image(s) resulting from the current exam and, e.g., perform an assessment that accounts for differences in patient positioning between the prior and current exams. In addition, in embodiments the medical imaging system uses the metadata to perform an analysis of the produced image of the current scan based on the remaining discrepancy. In some embodiments, the analysis of the produced image of the current scan includes one or more of a transformation of the produced image, a feature identification of the produced image, a measurement of a portion of the produced image (e.g., measuring an area of interest in the image), or superimposing a bounding box on the produced image (e.g., a bounding box surrounding an area of interest in the image).

[0059] Fig. 4 provides a flow diagram illustrating an example method 400 of performing a current imaging exam of a patient according to one or more embodiments, with reference to components and features described herein including but not limited to the figures and associated description. The method 400 can generally be implemented in the medical imaging system 100 (Fig. 1, already discussed). More particularly, the method 400 can be implemented as one or more modules as a set of logic instructions stored in a machine- or computer-readable storage medium such as RAM, ROM, PROM, firmware, flash memory, etc., in hardware, or any combination thereof. For example, hardware implementations can include configurable logic, fixed-functionality logic, or any combination thereof. Examples of configurable logic include suitably configured PLAs, FPGAs, CPLDs, and general purpose microprocessors. Examples of fixed-functionality logic include suitably configured ASICs, combinational logic circuits, and sequential logic circuits. The configurable or fixed-functionality logic can be implemented with CMOS logic circuits, TTL logic circuits, or other circuits.

[0060] For example, computer program code to carry out operations shown in the method 400 and / or functions associated therewith can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, JavaScript, Python, C#, C++, Perl, Smalltalk, or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. Additionally, program or logic instructions might include assembler instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, state-setting data, configuration data for integrated circuitry, state information that personalizes electronic circuitry and / or other structural components that are native to hardware (e.g., host processor, central processing unit / CPU, microcontroller, etc.).

[0061] Illustrated processing block 410 provides for accessing a stored patient position model, where at block 410a the patient position model is generated based on a pose of the patient during a prior imaging exam of the patient, where at block 410b the current imaging exam is a same type of exam as the type of the prior imaging exam, and where at block 410c the patient position model includes imaging geometry and three-dimensional (3D) positioning of the patient relative to reference markers located on a prior scanner used for the prior imaging exam.

[0062] Illustrated processing block 420 provides for matching a current pose of the patient to the patient position model, where at block 420a an indication of the current pose relative to the patient position model is provided. In some embodiments, matching the current pose of the patient to the patient position model includes transforming coordinates of the patient position model based on a difference between reference markers located on the current scanner used for the current imaging exam and the reference markers located on the prior scanner used for the prior imaging exam. In some embodiments, the current pose of the patient is captured as a 3D body image of the patient via a 3D imaging unit. In some embodiments, the metadata associated with the produced image of the scan includes an estimated accuracy of the 3D imaging unit. In some embodiments, matching the current pose of the patient to the patient position model includes estimating an object pose of an occluding object and adjusting the 3D body image of the patient based on the estimated object pose. As one example, an occluding object is tracked, the pose of the occluding object is estimated, and an occluded image portion of the patient corresponding to the occluding object pose is replaced by a corresponding image portion from a prior image of the patient.

[0063] Illustrated processing block 430 provides for performing a current scan of the patient using a current scanner upon a determination that a discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is within a predetermined threshold or that the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is unlikely to be reduced by repositioning the patient or the current scanner, where at block 430a one or more of a protocol or rendering of the current scan is adjusted based on the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model.

[0064] In some embodiments, the method 400 further provides for storing, as metadata associated with a produced image of the scan, any remaining discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model after adjusting the one or more of the protocol or the rendering of the current scan as illustrated in processing block 440. In some embodiments, the method 400 further provides for issuing directions to adjust one or more of the current scanner or the current pose of the patient responsive to a determination that the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is not within the predetermined threshold. In some embodiments, the directions to adjust one or more of the current scanner or the current pose of the patient include commands to automatically move at least a portion of the current scanner to reduce the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model.

[0065] In some embodiments, the method 400 further provides for further comprising matching placement of support equipment to the patient position model, where the patient position model includes information regarding positioning of support equipment used for the prior imaging exam relative to the reference markers located on the prior scanner used for the prior imaging exam. In some embodiments, the method 400 further provides for displaying the produced image of the scan with information regarding the remaining discrepancy.

[0066] In some embodiments, the method 400 further provides for performing an analysis of the produced image of the current scan based on the remaining discrepancy. In some embodiments, the analysis of the produced image of the current scan includes one or more of a transformation of the produced image, a feature identification of the produced image, a measurement of a portion of the produced image, or superimposing a bounding box on the produced image.

[0067] In some embodiments, the method 400 further provides for providing a visual positioning guideline for the current pose of the patient based on the patient position model. In some embodiments, the visual positioning guideline includes a virtual reality (VR) display or a laser projection on a patient table or patient body.

[0068] Fig. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example computing system 10 for use in a medical imaging system (such as, e.g., the medical imaging system 100 in Fig. 1) according to one or more embodiments, with reference to components and features described herein including but not limited to the figures and associated description. The computing system 10 can implement one or more components or features of the medical imaging system 100, and / or any of the components, features or methods described herein with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3A-3B and / or 4. Although Fig. 5 illustrates certain components, the computing system 10 can include additional or multiple components connected in various ways. It is understood that not all embodiments will necessarily include every component shown in Fig. 5.

[0069] As illustrated in Fig. 5, the computing system 10 includes one or more processor(s) 22, an input / output (I / O) subsystem 24, a network interface 26, a memory 28, a data storage 30, a user interface 32, and / or a sensor interface 34. In some embodiments the computing system 10 also includes a display 38. These components are coupled, connected or otherwise in data communication via an interconnect 36. In some embodiments, the computing system 10 interfaces with a separate display such as, e.g., a display installed as original equipment in a separate system or device. In embodiments, the computing system 10 is in data communication with (e.g., via a network connection, a bus connection, a wired and / or wireless connection, etc.) and / or interfaces with an imaging scanner 15, which can correspond to the imaging scanner 150 (Fig. 1, already discussed).

[0070] The processor 22 includes one or more processing devices such as a microprocessor, a central processing unit (CPU), a fixed application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) processor, a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processor, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) processor, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a digital signal processor (DSP), etc., along with associated circuitry, logic, and / or interfaces. The processor 22 can include, or be connected to, a memory (such as, e.g., the memory 28) storing executable instructions and / or data, as necessary or appropriate. The processor 22 executes such instructions to implement, control, operate or interface with any devices, components or features of the medical imaging system 100 and / or any of the devices, components, features or methods described herein with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3A-3B and / or 4. The processor 22 can communicate, send, or receive messages, requests, notifications, data, etc. to / from other devices or components, such as the devices or components illustrated in Fig. 1. The processor 22 can be embodied as any type of processor capable of performing the functions described herein. For example, the processor 22 can be embodied as a single or multi -core processor(s), a digital signal processor, a microcontroller, or other processor or processing / controlling circuit. The processor 22 can include embedded instructions (e.g., processor code).

[0071] The I / O subsystem 24 includes circuitry and / or components suitable to facilitate input / output operations with the processor 22, the memory 28, and other components of the computing system 10.

[0072] The network interface 26 includes suitable logic, circuitry, and / or interfaces that transmits and receives data over one or more communication networks using one or more communication network protocols. The network interface 26 can operate under the control of the processor 22, and can transmit / receive various requests and messages to / from one or more other devices or components (such as, e.g., any one or more of the devices or components illustrated in Fig. 1). The network interface 26 includes wired and / or wireless data communication capability; these capabilities can support data communication with a wired and / or wireless communication network, such as the network 27, and further including the Internet, a wide area network (WAN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless personal area network, a wide body area network, a cellular network, a telephone network, any other wired and / or wireless network for transmitting and receiving a data signal, or any combination thereof (including, e.g., a Wi-Fi network or corporate LAN). The network interface 26 can support communication via a short- range wireless communication field, such as Bluetooth, near-field communication (NFC), or radio frequency identification (RFID). Examples of network interface 26 can include, but are not limited to, one or more of an antenna, a radio frequency transceiver, a wireless transceiver, a Bluetooth transceiver, an ethemet port, a universal serial bus (USB) port, or any other device configured to transmit and receive data. The memory 28 includes suitable logic, circuitry, and / or interfaces to store executable instructions and / or data, as necessary or appropriate, when executed, to implement, control, operate or interface with any devices or features of the medical imaging system 100 and / or any of the devices, components, features or methods described herein with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3A-3B and / or 4. The memory 28 can be embodied as any type of volatile or non-volatile memory or data storage capable of performing the functions described herein, and can include a random-access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), write-once read-multiple memory (e.g., EEPROM), a removable storage drive, a hard disk drive (HDD), a flash memory, a solid-state memory, and the like, and including any combination thereof. In operation, the memory 28 can store various data and software used during operation of the computing system 10 such as operating systems, applications, programs, libraries, and drivers. Thus, the memory 28 can include at least one non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed by the computing system 10, cause the computing system 10 to perform operations to carry out one or more functions or features of the medical imaging system 100 and / or any of the components, features or methods described herein with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3A-3B and / or 4. The memory 28 can be communicatively coupled to the processor 22 directly or via the I / O subsystem 24.

[0073] The data storage 30 can include any type of device or devices configured for short-term or long-term storage of data such as, for example, memory devices and circuits, memory cards, hard disk drives, solid-state drives, non-volatile flash memory, or other data storage devices. The data storage 30 can include or be configured as a database, such as a relational or non-relational database, or a combination of more than one database. In some embodiments, a database or other data storage can be physically separate and / or remote from the computing system 10, and / or can be located in another computing device, a database server, on a cloud-based platform, or in any storage device that is in data communication with the computing system 10. In embodiments the data storage 30 includes or corresponds to one or more of the position model database 125 (Fig. 1) and / or the image metadata database 145 (Fig. 1), already discussed. In some embodiments the computing system 10 includes a second data storage (not shown in Fig. 5) to implement one of the position model database 125 or the image metadata database 145 (e.g., where the position model database 125 and the image metadata database 145 are implemented as separate databases).

[0074] The user interface 32 includes code to present, on a display, information or screens for a user and to receive input (including commands) from a user via an input device (e.g., a touch-screen device). The user interface 32 can include a graphical user interface (GUI).

[0075] The sensor interface 34 includes circuitry and / or components suitable to facilitate communications and / or exchange of data, commands or signals between the computing system 10 and one or more sensors, which can include one or more sensors in the 3D image unit (Fig. 1, already discussed). The sensor interface 34 can act in concert with the network interface 26 in establishing communications with the one or more sensors. The interconnect 36 includes any one or more separate physical buses, point to point connections, or both connected by appropriate bridges, adapters, or controllers. The interconnect 36 can include, for example, a system bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, a HyperTransport or industry standard architecture bus, a small computer system interface (SCSI) bus, a universal serial bus (USB), inter-integrated circuit (I2C) bus, or an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard 694 bus (e.g., "Firewire"), or any other interconnect suitable for coupling or connecting the components of the computing system 10.

[0076] The display 38 can be any type of device for presenting visual information, such as a computer monitor, a flat panel display, or a mobile device screen, and can include a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light-emitting diode (LED) display, a plasma panel, or a cathode ray tube display, etc. The display 38 can include a display interface for communicating with the display. In some embodiments, display 38 can include a display interface for communicating with a display external to the computing system 10.

[0077] In some embodiments, one or more of the illustrative components of the computing system 10 can be incorporated (in whole or in part) within, or otherwise form a portion of, another component. For example, the memory 28, or portions thereof, can be incorporated within the processor 22. As another example, the user interface 32 can be incorporated within the processor 22 and / or code in the memory 28. In some embodiments, the computing system 10 can be embodied as, without limitation, a mobile computing device, a smartphone, a wearable computing device, an Intemet-of-Things device, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a computer, a workstation, a server, a multiprocessor system, and / or a consumer electronic device. In some examples, the computing system 10, or portions thereof, is implemented in one or more modules as a set of logic instructions stored in at least one non-transitory machine- or computer-readable storage medium such as random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), firmware, flash memory, etc., in configurable logic such as, for example, programmable logic arrays (PLAs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), in fixed-functionality logic hardware using circuit technology such as, for example, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) or transistor-transistor logic (TTL) technology, or any combination thereof.

[0078] Embodiments of each of the above systems, devices, components, features and / or methods, including the medical imaging system 100, the patient position acquisition module 110, the position and geometry module 120, the position model database 125, the positioning feedback module 130, the imaging metadata module 140, the image metadata database 145, the imaging scanner 150, the method 200, the method 300, the method 400, and / or any other system components, can be implemented in hardware, software, or any suitable combination thereof. For example, hardware implementations can include configurable logic, fixed-functionality logic, or any combination thereof. Examples of configurable logic include suitably configured PLAs, FPGAs, CPLDs, and general purpose microprocessors. Examples of fixed-functionality logic include suitably configured ASICs, combinational logic circuits, and sequential logic circuits. The configurable or fixed-functionality logic can be implemented with CMOS logic circuits, TTL logic circuits, or other circuits.

[0079] Alternatively, or additionally, all or portions of the foregoing systems, devices, components, features and / or methods can be implemented in one or more modules as a set of program or logic instructions stored in a machine- or computer-readable storage medium such as RAM, ROM, PROM, firmware, flash memory, etc., to be executed by a processor or computing device. For example, computer program code to carry out the operations of the components can be written in any combination of one or more operating system (OS) applicable / appropriate programming languages, including an object-oriented programming language such as Java, JavaScript, Python, C#, C++, Perl, Smalltalk, or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages.

[0080] Additional Notes and Examples:

[0081] Example Ml includes a computer-implemented method of performing a current imaging exam of a patient, comprising accessing a stored patient position model, the patient position model being generated based on a pose of the patient during a prior imaging exam of the patient, wherein the current imaging exam is a same type of exam as a type of the prior imaging exam, and wherein the patient position model includes imaging geometry and three-dimensional (3D) positioning of the patient relative to reference markers located on a prior scanner used for the prior imaging exam, matching a current pose of the patient to the patient position model, wherein an indication of the current pose relative to the patient position model is provided, performing a current scan of the patient using a current scanner upon a determination that a discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is within a predetermined threshold or that the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is unlikely to be reduced by repositioning the patient or the current scanner, wherein one or more of a protocol or rendering of the current scan is adjusted based on the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model, and storing, as metadata associated with a produced image of the scan, any remaining discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model after adjusting the one or more of the protocol or the rendering of the current scan.

[0082] Example M2 includes the method of Example Ml, further comprising issuing directions to adjust one or more of the current scanner or the current pose of the patient responsive to a determination that the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is not within the predetermined threshold.

[0083] Example M3 includes the method of Example Ml or M2, wherein the directions to adjust one or more of the current scanner or the current pose of the patient include commands to automatically move at least a portion of the current scanner to reduce the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model. Example M4 includes the method of any of Examples M1-M3, further comprising matching placement of support equipment to the patient position model, wherein the patient position model includes information regarding positioning of support equipment used for the prior imaging exam relative to the reference markers located on the prior scanner used for the prior imaging exam.

[0084] Example M5 includes the method of any of Examples M1-M4, further comprising displaying the produced image of the scan with information regarding the remaining discrepancy.

[0085] Example M6 includes the method of any of Examples M1-M5, wherein matching the current pose of the patient to the patient position model includes transforming coordinates of the patient position model based on a difference between reference markers located on the current scanner used for the current imaging exam and the reference markers located on the prior scanner used for the prior imaging exam.

[0086] Example M7 includes the method of any of Examples M1-M6, wherein the current pose of the patient is captured as a 3D body image of the patient via a 3D imaging unit.

[0087] Example M8 includes the method of any of Examples M1-M7, wherein the metadata associated with the produced image of the scan includes an estimated accuracy of the 3D imaging unit.

[0088] Example M9 includes the method of any of Examples M1-M8, wherein matching the current pose of the patient to the patient position model includes estimating an object pose of an occluding object and adjusting the 3D body image of the patient based on the estimated object pose.

[0089] Example MIO includes the method of any of Examples M1-M9, further comprising performing an analysis of the produced image of the current scan based on the remaining discrepancy.

[0090] Example Ml 1 includes the method any of Examples M1-M10, wherein the analysis of the produced image of the current scan includes one or more of a transformation of the produced image, a feature identification of the produced image, a measurement of a portion of the produced image, or superimposing a bounding box on the produced image.

[0091] Example M12 includes the method of any of Examples Ml-Ml 1, further comprising providing a visual positioning guideline for the current pose of the patient based on the patient position model.

[0092] Example SI includes a computing system, comprising a processor, and memory coupled to the processor, the memory comprising instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the computing system to perform operations comprising accessing a stored patient position model, the patient position model being generated based on a pose of the patient during a prior imaging exam of the patient, wherein the current imaging exam is a same type of exam as a type of the prior imaging exam, and wherein the patient position model includes imaging geometry and three-dimensional (3D) positioning of the patient relative to reference markers located on a prior scanner used for the prior imaging exam, matching a current pose of the patient to the patient position model, wherein an indication of the current pose relative to the patient position model is provided, performing a current scan of the patient using a current scanner upon a determination that a discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is within a predetermined threshold or that the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is unlikely to be reduced by repositioning the patient or the current scanner, wherein one or more of a protocol or rendering of the current scan is adjusted based on the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model, and storing, as metadata associated with a produced image of the scan, any remaining discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model after adjusting the one or more of the protocol or the rendering of the current scan.

[0093] Example S2 includes the computing system of Example SI, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing system to perform further operations comprising issuing directions to adjust one or more of the current scanner or the current pose of the patient responsive to a determination that the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is not within the predetermined threshold.

[0094] Example S3 includes the computing system of Example SI or S2, wherein the directions to adjust one or more of the current scanner or the current pose of the patient include commands to automatically move at least a portion of the current scanner to reduce the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model.

[0095] Example S4 includes the computing system of any of Examples SI -S3, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing system to perform further operations comprising matching placement of support equipment to the patient position model, wherein the patient position model includes information regarding positioning of support equipment used for the prior imaging exam relative to the reference markers located on the prior scanner used for the prior imaging exam.

[0096] Example S5 includes the computing system of any of Examples S1-S4, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing system to perform further operations comprising displaying the produced image of the scan with information regarding the remaining discrepancy.

[0097] Example S6 includes the computing system of any of Examples S1-S5, wherein matching the current pose of the patient to the patient position model includes transforming coordinates of the patient position model based on a difference between reference markers located on the current scanner used for the current imaging exam and the reference markers located on the prior scanner used for the prior imaging exam.

[0098] Example S7 includes the computing system of any of Examples S1-S6, wherein the current pose of the patient is captured as a 3D body image of the patient via a 3D imaging unit.

[0099] Example S8 includes the computing system of any of Examples S1-S7, wherein the metadata associated with the produced image of the scan includes an estimated accuracy of the 3D imaging unit.

[0100] Example S9 includes the computing system of any of Examples S1-S8, wherein matching the current pose of the patient to the patient position model includes estimating an object pose of an occluding object and adjusting the 3D body image of the patient based on the estimated object pose. Example S10 includes the computing system of any of Examples S1-S9, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing system to perform further operations comprising performing an analysis of the produced image of the current scan based on the remaining discrepancy.

[0101] Example Si l includes the computing system of any of Examples S1-S10, wherein the analysis of the produced image of the current scan includes one or more of a transformation of the produced image, a feature identification of the produced image, a measurement of a portion of the produced image, or superimposing a bounding box on the produced image.

[0102] Example S12 includes the computing system of any of Examples Sl-Sl 1, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing system to perform further operations comprising providing a visual positioning guideline for the current pose of the patient based on the patient position model.

[0103] Example Cl includes at least one computer readable storage medium comprising a set of instructions which, when executed by a computing system, cause the computing system to perform operations comprising accessing a stored patient position model, the patient position model being generated based on a pose of the patient during a prior imaging exam of the patient, wherein the current imaging exam is a same type of exam as a type of the prior imaging exam, and wherein the patient position model includes imaging geometry and three-dimensional (3D) positioning of the patient relative to reference markers located on a prior scanner used for the prior imaging exam, matching a current pose of the patient to the patient position model, wherein an indication of the current pose relative to the patient position model is provided, performing a current scan of the patient using a current scanner upon a determination that a discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is within a predetermined threshold or that the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is unlikely to be reduced by repositioning the patient or the current scanner, wherein one or more of a protocol or rendering of the current scan is adjusted based on the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model, and storing, as metadata associated with a produced image of the scan, any remaining discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model after adjusting the one or more of the protocol or the rendering of the current scan.

[0104] Example C2 includes the at least one computer readable storage medium of Example Cl, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing system to perform further operations comprising issuing directions to adjust one or more of the current scanner or the current pose of the patient responsive to a determination that the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is not within the predetermined threshold.

[0105] Example C3 includes the at least one non-transitory computer readable storage medium of Example Cl or C2, wherein the directions to adjust one or more of the current scanner or the current pose of the patient include commands to automatically move at least a portion of the current scanner to reduce the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model. Example C4 includes the at least one non-transitory computer readable storage medium of any of Examples C1-C3, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing system to perform further operations comprising matching placement of support equipment to the patient position model, wherein the patient position model includes information regarding positioning of support equipment used for the prior imaging exam relative to the reference markers located on the prior scanner used for the prior imaging exam.

[0106] Example C5 includes the at least one non-transitory computer readable storage medium of any of Examples C1-C4, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing system to perform further operations comprising displaying the produced image of the scan with information regarding the remaining discrepancy.

[0107] Example C6 includes the at least one non-transitory computer readable storage medium of any of Examples C1-C5, wherein matching the current pose of the patient to the patient position model includes transforming coordinates of the patient position model based on a difference between reference markers located on the current scanner used for the current imaging exam and the reference markers located on the prior scanner used for the prior imaging exam.

[0108] Example C7 includes the at least one non-transitory computer readable storage medium of any of Examples C1-C6, wherein the current pose of the patient is captured as a 3D body image of the patient via a 3D imaging unit.

[0109] Example C8 includes the at least one non-transitory computer readable storage medium of any of Examples C1-C7, wherein the metadata associated with the produced image of the scan includes an estimated accuracy of the 3D imaging unit.

[0110] Example C9 includes the at least one non-transitory computer readable storage medium of any of Examples C1-C8, wherein matching the current pose of the patient to the patient position model includes estimating an object pose of an occluding object and adjusting the 3D body image of the patient based on the estimated object pose.

[0111] Example CIO includes the at least one non-transitory computer readable storage medium of any of Examples C1-C9, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing system to perform further operations comprising performing an analysis of the produced image of the current scan based on the remaining discrepancy.

[0112] Example CH includes the at least one non-transitory computer readable storage medium of any of Examples C1-C10, wherein the analysis of the produced image of the current scan includes one or more of a transformation of the produced image, a feature identification of the produced image, a measurement of a portion of the produced image, or superimposing a bounding box on the produced image.

[0113] Example C12 includes the at least one non-transitory computer readable storage medium of any of Examples Cl-Cll, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing system to perform further operations comprising providing a visual positioning guideline for the current pose of the patient based on the patient position model.

[0114] Example Al includes an apparatus comprising means for performing the method of any of Examples Ml to Ml 2.

[0115] Embodiments are applicable for use with all types of semiconductor integrated circuit (“IC”) chips. Examples of these IC chips include but are not limited to processors, controllers, chipset components, programmable logic arrays (PLAs), memory chips, network chips, systems on chip (SoCs), solid state drive (SSD) / NAND drive controller ASICs, and the like. In addition, in some of the drawings, signal conductor lines are represented with lines. Some may be different, to indicate more constituent signal paths, have a number label, to indicate a number of constituent signal paths, and / or have arrows at one or more ends, to indicate primary information flow direction. This, however, should not be construed in a limiting manner. Rather, such added detail may be used in connection with one or more exemplary embodiments to facilitate easier understanding of a circuit. Any represented signal lines, whether or not having additional information, may actually comprise one or more signals that may travel in multiple directions and may be implemented with any suitable type of signal scheme, e.g., digital or analog lines implemented with differential pairs, optical fiber lines, and / or single-ended lines.

[0116] Example sizes / models / values / ranges may have been given, although embodiments are not limited to the same. As manufacturing techniques (e.g., photolithography) mature over time, it is expected that devices of smaller size could be manufactured. In addition, well known power / ground connections to IC chips and other components may or may not be shown within the figures, for simplicity of illustration and discussion, and so as not to obscure certain aspects of the embodiments. Further, arrangements may be shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring embodiments, and also in view of the fact that specifics with respect to implementation of such block diagram arrangements are highly dependent upon the platform within which the embodiment is to be implemented, i.e., such specifics should be well within purview of one skilled in the art. Where specific details (e.g., circuits) are set forth in order to describe example embodiments, it should be apparent to one skilled in the art that embodiments can be practiced without, or with variation of, these specific details. The description is thus to be regarded as illustrative instead of limiting.

[0117] The term “coupled” may be used herein to refer to any type of relationship, direct or indirect, between the components in question, and may apply to electrical, mechanical, fluid, optical, electromagnetic, electromechanical or other connections, including logical connections via intermediate components (e.g., device A may be coupled to device C via device B). In addition, the terms “first”, “second”, etc. may be used herein only to facilitate discussion, and carry no particular temporal or chronological significance unless otherwise indicated.

[0118] As used in this application and in the claims, a list of items joined by the term “one or more of’ may mean any combination of the listed terms. For example, the phrases “one or more of A, B or C” may mean A, B, C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B and C. Those skilled in the art will appreciate from the foregoing description that the broad techniques of the embodiments can be implemented in a variety of forms. Therefore, while the embodiments have been described in connection with particular examples thereof, the true scope of the embodiments should not be so limited since other modifications will become apparent to the skilled practitioner upon a study of the drawings, specification, and following claims.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. A computer-implemented method of performing a current imaging exam of a patient, comprising: accessing a stored patient position model, the patient position model being generated based on a pose of the patient during a prior imaging exam of the patient, wherein the current imaging exam is a same type of exam as a type of the prior imaging exam, and wherein the patient position model includes imaging geometry and three- dimensional (3D) positioning of the patient relative to reference markers located on a prior scanner used for the prior imaging exam; matching a current pose of the patient to the patient position model, wherein an indication of the current pose relative to the patient position model is provided; and performing a current scan of the patient using a current scanner upon a determination that a discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is within a predetermined threshold or that the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is unlikely to be reduced by repositioning the patient or the current scanner, wherein one or more of a protocol or rendering of the current scan is adjusted based on the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising issuing directions to adjust one or more of the current scanner or the current pose of the patient responsive to a determination that the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is not within the predetermined threshold.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the directions to adjust one or more of the current scanner or the current pose of the patient include commands to automatically move at least a portion of the current scanner to reduce the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising matching placement of support equipment to the patient position model, wherein the patient position model includes information regarding positioning of support equipment used for the prior imaging exam relative to the reference markers located on the prior scanner used for the prior imaging exam.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying the produced image of the scan with information regarding the remaining discrepancy.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein matching the current pose of the patient to the patient position model includes transforming coordinates of the patient position model based on a difference between reference markers located on the current scanner used for the current imaging exam and the reference markers located on the prior scanner used for the prior imaging exam.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the current pose of the patient is captured as a 3D body image of the patient via a 3D imaging unit.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the metadata associated with the produced image of the scan includes an estimated accuracy of the 3D imaging unit.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein matching the current pose of the patient to the patient position model includes estimating an object pose of an occluding object and adjusting the 3D body image of the patient based on the estimated object pose.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing an analysis of the produced image of the current scan based on the remaining discrepancy.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the analysis of the produced image of the current scan includes one or more of a transformation of the produced image, a feature identification of the produced image, a measurement of a portion of the produced image, or superimposing a bounding box on the produced image.

12. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing a visual positioning guideline for the current pose of the patient based on the patient position model.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein performing a current scan of the patient using a current scanner further comprises storing, as metadata associated with a produced image of the scan, any remaining discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model after adjusting the one or more of the protocol or the rendering of the current scan.

14. A computing system, comprising: a processor; andmemory coupled to the processor, the memory comprising instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the computing system to perform operations comprising: accessing a stored patient position model, the patient position model being generated based on a pose of the patient during a prior imaging exam of the patient, wherein the current imaging exam is a same type of exam as a type of the prior imaging exam, and wherein the patient position model includes imaging geometry and three-dimensional (3D) positioning of the patient relative to reference markers located on a prior scanner used for the prior imaging exam; matching a current pose of the patient to the patient position model, wherein an indication of the current pose relative to the patient position model is provided; performing a current scan of the patient using a current scanner upon a determination that a discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is within a predetermined threshold or that the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is unlikely to be reduced by repositioning the patient or the current scanner, wherein one or more of a protocol or rendering of the current scan is adjusted based on the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model.

15. The computing system of claim 14, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing system to perform further operations comprising issuing directions to adjust one or more of the current scanner or the current pose of the patient responsive to a determination that the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is not within the predetermined threshold, and wherein the directions to adjust one or more of the current scanner or the current pose of the patient include commands to automatically move at least a portion of the current scanner to reduce the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model.

16. The computing system of claim 14, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing system to perform further operations comprising matching placement of support equipment to the patient position model, wherein the patient position model includes information regarding positioning of support equipment used for the prior imaging exam relative to the reference markers located on the prior scanner used for the prior imaging exam.

17. The computing system of claim 14, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing system to perform further operations comprising: displaying the produced image of the scan with information regarding the remaining discrepancy; andproviding a visual positioning guideline for the current pose of the patient based on the patient position model.

18. The computing system of claim 14, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing system to store, as metadata associated with a produced image of the scan, any remaining discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model after adjusting the one or more of the protocol or the rendering of the current scan.

19. At least one computer readable storage medium comprising a set of instructions which, when executed by a computing system, cause the computing system to perform operations comprising: accessing a stored patient position model, the patient position model being generated based on a pose of the patient during a prior imaging exam of the patient, wherein the current imaging exam is a same type of exam as a type of the prior imaging exam, and wherein the patient position model includes imaging geometry and three- dimensional (3D) positioning of the patient relative to reference markers located on a prior scanner used for the prior imaging exam; matching a current pose of the patient to the patient position model, wherein an indication of the current pose relative to the patient position model is provided; performing a current scan of the patient using a current scanner upon a determination that a discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is within a predetermined threshold or that the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is unlikely to be reduced by repositioning the patient or the current scanner, wherein one or more of a protocol or rendering of the current scan is adjusted based on the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model.

20. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing system to perform further operations comprising issuing directions to adjust one or more of the current scanner or the current pose of the patient responsive to a determination that the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model is not within the predetermined threshold, and wherein the directions to adjust one or more of the current scanner or the current pose of the patient include commands to automatically move at least a portion of the current scanner to reduce the discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model.

21. The at least one non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing system to perform further operations comprising matching placement of support equipment to the patient position model,wherein the patient position model includes information regarding positioning of support equipment used for the prior imaging exam relative to the reference markers located on the prior scanner used for the prior imaging exam.

22. The at least one non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing system to perform further operations comprising: displaying the produced image of the scan with information regarding the remaining discrepancy; and providing a visual positioning guideline for the current pose of the patient based on the patient position model.23 The at least one non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing system to perform further operations comprising: storing, as metadata associated with a produced image of the scan, any remaining discrepancy between the current pose and the patient position model after adjusting the one or more of the protocol or the rendering of the current scan.

Images